EX-3.2 3 ef20061707_ex3-2.htm EXHIBIT 3.2
Exhibit 3.2
 
BYLAWS
 
OF
 
INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE HOLDING CORP.
 
ARTICLE I.
OFFICES.
 
The registered office of Integral Ad Science Holding Corp., a Delaware corporation (the “Corporation”) shall be located in the state of Delaware and shall be at such address as shall be set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation.  The registered agent of the Corporation at such address shall be as set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation.  The Corporation may also have such other offices at such other places, within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate or the business of the Corporation may require.
 
ARTICLE II.
STOCKHOLDERS.
 
Section 1.          Annual Meeting.  The annual meeting of stockholders for the election of directors and the transaction of any other business shall be held on such date and at such time and in such place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall from time to time be designated by the Board of Directors.  At the annual meeting any business may be transacted and any corporate action may be taken, whether stated in the notice of meeting or not, except as otherwise expressly provided by statute or the Certificate of Incorporation.
 
Section 2.         Special Meetings.  Special meetings of the stockholders for any purpose may be called at any time by the Board of Directors, or by the President, and shall be called by the President at the request of the holders of at least 20% of the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote.  Special meetings shall be held at such place or places within or without the State of Delaware as shall from time to time be designated by the Board of Directors.  At a special meeting no business shall be transacted and no corporate action shall be taken other than that stated in the notice of the meeting.
 
Section 3.          Notice of Meetings.  Written notice of the time and place of any stockholder’s meeting, whether annual or special, shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat, by personal delivery or by mailing the same to him at his address as the same appears upon the records of the Corporation at least ten (10) days but not more than sixty (60) days before the day of the meeting.  Notice of any adjourned meeting need not be given except by announcement at the meeting so adjourned, unless otherwise ordered in connection with such adjournment.  Such further notice, if any, shall be given as may be required by law.
 
Section 4.        Quorum.  Any number of stockholders, together holding at least a majority of the capital stock of the Corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote, who shall be present in person or represented by proxy at any meeting duly called, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of all business, except as otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws.
 

Section 5.          Adjournment of Meetings.  If less than a quorum shall attend at the time for which a meeting shall have been called, the meeting may adjourn from time to time by a majority vote of the stockholders present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote without notice other than by announcement at the meeting until a quorum shall attend.  Any meeting at which a quorum is present may also be adjourned in like manner and for such time or upon such call as may be determined by a majority vote of the stockholders present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote.  At any adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present, any business may be transacted and any corporate action may be taken which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called.
 
Section 6.         Voting List.  The Secretary shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every election of directors, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares of each stockholder.  Such list shall be open at the place where the election is to be held for said ten (10) days, to the examination of any stockholder, and shall be produced and kept at the time and place of election during the whole time thereof, and subject to the inspection of any stockholder who may be present.
 
Section 7.         Voting.  Each stockholder entitled to vote at any meeting may vote either in person or by proxy, but no proxy shall be voted on or after three (3) years from its date, unless said proxy provides for a longer period.  Except as otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, each stockholder entitled to vote shall at every meeting of the stockholders be entitled to one vote for each share of stock registered in his name on the record of stockholders.  At all meetings of stockholders all matters, except as otherwise provided by statute, shall be determined by the affirmative vote of the majority of shares present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote on the subject matter.  Voting at meetings of stockholders need not be by written ballot.
 
Section 8.         Record Date of Stockholders.  The Board of Directors is authorized to fix in advance a date not exceeding sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days preceding the date of any meeting of stockholders, or the date for the payment of any dividend, or the date for the allotment of rights, or the date when any change or conversion or exchange of capital stock shall go into effect, or a date in connection with obtaining the consent of stockholders for any purposes, as a record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, any such meeting, and any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any such dividend, or to any such allotment of rights, or to exercise the rights in respect of any such change, conversion or exchange of capital stock, or to give such consent, and, in such case, such stockholders and only such stockholders as shall be stockholders of record on the date so fixed shall be entitled to such notice of, and to vote at, such meeting, and any adjournment thereof, or to receive payment of such dividend, or to receive such allotment of rights, or to exercise such rights, or to give such consent, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any stock on the books of the Corporation, after such record date fixed as aforesaid.
 
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Section 9.          Action Without Meeting.  Any action required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded.  Delivery made to the Corporation’s registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested.  Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing.
 
Section 10.       Conduct of Meetings.  The Chairman of the Board of Directors, or if there be none, or in the Chairman’s absence, the President shall preside at all regular or special meetings of stockholders.  To the maximum extent permitted by law, such presiding person shall have the power to set procedural rules, including but not limited to rules respecting the time allotted to stockholders to speak, governing all aspects of the conduct of such meetings.

ARTICLE III.
DIRECTORS.
 
Section 1.         Number and Qualifications:  The Board of Directors shall consist of such number of directors as may be fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors.  The directors need not be stockholders.
 
Section 2.          Election of Directors:  The directors shall be elected by the stockholders at the annual meeting of stockholders.
 
Section 3.        Duration of Office:  The directors chosen at any annual meeting shall, except as hereinafter provided, hold office until the next annual election and until their successors are elected and qualify.
 
Section 4.         Removal and Resignation of Directors:  Except as set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as such certificate may be amended by any Certificates of Designation filed by the Corporation, any director may be removed from the Board of Directors, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares of capital stock entitled to vote, either by written consent or consents or at any special meeting of the stockholders called for that purpose, and the office of such director shall forthwith become vacant.
 
Any director may resign at any time.  Such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein, and if no time be specified, at the time of its receipt by the President or Secretary.  The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective, unless so specified therein.
 
Section 5.          Filling of Vacancies:  Any vacancy among the directors, occurring from any cause whatsoever, may be filled by a majority of the remaining directors, though less than a quorum, provided, however, that the stockholders removing any director may at the same meeting fill the vacancy caused by such removal, and provided further, that if the directors fail to fill any such vacancy, the stockholders may at any special meeting called for that purpose fill such vacancy.  In case of any increase in the number of directors, the additional directors may be elected by the directors in office before such increase.
 
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Any person elected to fill a vacancy shall hold office, subject to the right of removal as hereinbefore provided, until the next annual election and until his successor is elected and qualifies.
 
Section 6.        Regular Meetings:  The Board of Directors shall hold an annual meeting for the purpose of organization and the transaction of any business immediately after the annual meeting of the stockholders, provided a quorum of directors is present.  Other regular meetings may be held at such times as may be determined from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors.
 
Section 7.          Special Meetings:  Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, or by the President or by any two directors.
 
Section 8.         Notice and Place of Meetings:  Meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at the principal office of the Corporation, or at such other place as shall be stated in the notice of such meeting.  Notice of any special meeting, and, except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine by resolution, notice of any regular meeting also, shall be mailed to each director addressed to him at his residence or usual place of business at least two (2) days before the day on which the meeting is to be held, or if sent to him at such place by facsimile, telegraph or cable, or delivered personally or by telephone, not later than the day before the day on which the meeting is to be held.  No notice of the annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be required if it is held immediately after the annual meeting of the stockholders and if a quorum is present.
 
Section 9.         Business Transacted at Meetings, etc.:  Any business may be transacted and any corporate action may be taken at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum shall be present, whether such business or proposed action be stated in the notice of such meeting or not, unless special notice of such business or proposed action shall be required by statute.
 
Section 10.        Quorum:  A majority of the Board of Directors at any time in office shall constitute a quorum.  At any meeting at which a quorum is present, the vote of a majority of the members present shall be the act of the Board of Directors unless the act of a greater number is specifically required by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.  The members of the Board of Directors shall act only as the Board of Directors and the individual members thereof shall not have any powers as such.
 
Section 11.       Compensation:  The directors shall not receive any stated salary for their services as directors, but by resolution of the Board of Directors a fixed fee and expenses of attendance may be allowed for attendance at each meeting.  Nothing herein contained shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity, as an officer, agent or otherwise, and receiving compensation therefor.
 
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Section 12.      Action Without a Meeting:  Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.
 
Section 13.       Meetings Through Use of Communications Equipment:  Members of the Board of Directors, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, shall, except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, have the power to participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee, by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.
 
ARTICLE IV.
COMMITTEES.
 
Section 1.          Committees:  The Board of Directors may constitute committees, whose members need not be directors, and whose members are appointed by the Board of Directors, which committees shall hold office for such time and have such powers and perform such duties as may from time to time be assigned to them by the Board of Directors.
 
Any member of such a committee may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the Board of Directors.  Any vacancy in a committee occurring from any cause whatsoever may be filled by the Board of Directors.
 
Section 2.         Resignation:  Any member of a committee may resign at any time.  Such resignation shall be made in writing and shall take effect at the time specified therein, or, if no time be specified, at the time of its receipt by the President or Secretary.  The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective unless so specified therein.
 
Section 3.       Quorum:  A majority of the members of a committee shall constitute a quorum.  The act of a majority of the members of a committee present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of such committee.  The members of a committee shall act only as a committee, and the individual members thereof shall not have any powers as such.
 
Section 4.        Record of Proceedings, etc.:  Each committee shall keep a record of its acts and proceedings, and shall report the same to the Board of Directors when and as required by the Board of Directors.
 
Section 5.        Organization, Meetings, Notices, etc.:  A committee may hold its meetings at the principal office of the Corporation, or at any other place which a majority of the committee may at any time agreed upon.  Each committee may make such rules as it may deem expedient for the regulation and carrying on of its meetings and proceedings.  Unless otherwise ordered by the Board of Directors, any notice of a meeting of such committee may be given by the Secretary of the Corporation or by the chairman of the committee and shall be sufficiently given if mailed to each member at his residence or usual place of business at least two (2) days before the day on which the meeting is to be held, or if sent to him at such place by facsimile, telegraph or cable, or delivered personally or by telephone not later than twenty-four (24) hours before the time at which the meeting is to be held.
 
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Section 6.         Compensation:  The members of any committee shall be entitled to such compensation as may be allowed them by resolution of the Board of Directors.
 
ARTICLE V.
OFFICERS.
 
Section 1.        Number:  The officers of the Corporation shall be a President and a Secretary and such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of this Article V.  The Board of Directors in its discretion may also elect a Chairman of the Board of Directors.
 
Section 2.       Election, Term of Office and Qualifications: The officers, except as provided in Section 3 of this Article V, shall be chosen annually by the Board of Directors.  Each such officer shall, except as herein otherwise provided, hold office until his successor shall have been chosen and shall qualify.  The Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, and the President shall be directors of the Corporation, and should any one of them cease to be a director, he shall ipso facto cease to be such officer.  Except as otherwise provided by law, any number of offices may be held by the same person.
 
Section 3.         Other Officers:  Other officers, including one or more vice-presidents, assistant secretaries, treasurer or assistant treasurers, may from time to time be appointed by the Board of Directors, which other officers shall have such powers and perform such duties as may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors or the officer or committee appointing them.
 
Section 4.         Removal of Officers:  Any officer of the Corporation may be removed from office, with or without cause, by a vote of a majority of the Board of Directors.
 
Section 5.         Resignation:  Any officer of the Corporation may resign at any time.  Such resignation shall be in writing and shall take effect at the time specified therein, and if no time be specified, at the time of its receipt by the President or Secretary.  The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary in order to make it effective, unless so specified therein.
 
Section 6.       Filling of Vacancies:  A vacancy in any office shall be filled by the Board of Directors or by the authority appointing the predecessor in such office.
 
Section 7.        Compensation:  The compensation of the officers shall be fixed by the Board of Directors, or by any committee upon whom power in that regard may be conferred by the Board of Directors.
 
Section 8.         Chairman of the Board of Directors:  The Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, shall be a director and shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors, and shall have such power and perform such duties as may from time to time be assigned to him by the Board of Directors.
 
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Section 9.        President:  In the absence of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or if there be none, the President shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors.  He shall have power to call special meetings of the stockholders or of the Board of Directors at any time.  He shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation, and shall have the general direction of the business, affairs and property of the Corporation, and of its several officers, and shall have and exercise all such powers and discharge such duties as usually pertain to the office of President.
 
Section 10.       Vice-Presidents:  The vice-president, or vice-presidents if there is more than one, shall, subject to the direction of the Board of Directors, at the request of the President or in his absence, or in case of his inability to perform his duties from any cause, perform the duties of the President, and, when so acting, shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all restrictions upon, the President.  The vice-presidents shall also perform such other duties as may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, and the Board of Directors may determine the order of priority among them.
 
Section 11.      Secretary:  The Secretary shall perform such duties as are incident to the office of Secretary, or as may from time to time be assigned to him by the Board of Directors, or as are prescribed by these Bylaws.
 
Section 12.       Treasurer:  The Treasurer shall perform such duties and have powers as are usually incident to the office of Treasurer or which may be assigned to him by the Board of Directors.
 
ARTICLE VI.
CAPITAL STOCK.
 
Section 1.         Issue of Certificates of Stock:  The certificate for shares of capital stock of the Corporation may be certificated or uncertificated, as provided under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, and the Board of Directors may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of the capital stock of the Corporation shall be uncertificated shares.  To the extent that the shares of the capital stock are certificated with physical stock certificates, they shall be numbered in the order of their issue and shall be signed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or one of the vice‑presidents, and the Secretary or an assistant secretary or the treasurer or an assistant treasurer, and the seal of the Corporation or a facsimile thereof shall be impressed or affixed or reproduced thereon, provided, however, that where such certificates are signed by a transfer agent or an assistant transfer agent or by a transfer clerk acting on behalf of the Corporation and a registrar, the signature of any such Chairman of the Board of Directors, President, vice‑president, Secretary, assistant secretary, treasurer or assistant treasurer may be facsimile.  In case any officer or officers who shall have signed, or whose facsimile signature or signatures shall have been used on any such certificate or certificates shall cease to be such officer or officers of the Corporation, whether because of death, resignation or otherwise, before such certificate or certificates shall have been delivered by the Corporation, such certificate or certificates may nevertheless be adopted by the Corporation and be issued and delivered as though the person or persons who signed such certificate or certificates, or whose facsimile signature or signatures shall have been used thereon have not ceased to be such officer or officers of the Corporation.
 
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Section 2.        Registration and Transfer of Shares:  The name of each person owning a share of the capital stock of the Corporation shall be entered on the books of the Corporation together with the number of shares held by him, her or it, the numbers of the certificates, if any, covering such shares and the dates of acquisition of such shares.  The shares of stock of the Corporation held in certificated form shall be transferable on the books of the Corporation by the holders thereof in person, or by their duly authorized attorneys or legal representatives, on surrender and cancellation of certificates for a like number of shares, accompanied by an assignment or power of transfer endorsed thereon or attached thereto, duly executed, and with such proof of the authenticity of the signature as the Corporation or its agents may reasonably require.  The shares of stock of the Corporation that are not held in certificated form shall be transferable on the books of the Corporation by the holders thereof in person, or by their duly authorized attorneys or legal representatives, on delivery of an assignment or power of transfer.  A record shall be made of each transfer.
 
Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, no holder of any of the shares of common stock of the Corporation may sell, transfer, assign, pledge, or otherwise dispose of or encumber any of the shares of stock of the corporation or any right or interest therein, whether voluntarily or by operation of law, or by gift or otherwise (each, a “Transfer”) without the prior written consent of the Corporation, upon duly authorized action of the Board of Directors.  The Corporation may withhold consent for any legitimate corporate purpose, as determined by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion.  If a stockholder desires to Transfer any shares of common stock, then the stockholder shall first give written notice thereof to the Corporation.  The notice shall name the proposed transferee and state the number of shares of common stock to be transferred, the proposed consideration, and all other terms and conditions of the proposed transfer.  For the avoidance of doubt, any shares of common stock subject to a right of first refusal located in any agreement with the Corporation or governing document of the Corporation shall continue to be subject to such right of first refusal, regardless of whether the Corporation consents to such Transfer of shares pursuant to this Section 2 of Article V.
 
The Board of Directors may make other and further rules and regulations concerning the transfer and registration of certificates for stock and may appoint a transfer agent or registrar or both and may require all certificates of stock to bear the signature of either or both.
 
Section 3.       Lost, Destroyed and Mutilated Certificates:  The holder of any stock of the Corporation held in certificated form shall immediately notify the Corporation of any loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of the certificates therefor.  The Corporation may issue a new certificate of stock in the place of any certificate theretofore issued by it and alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, and the Board of Directors may, in its discretion, require the owner of the lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or the owner’s legal representatives, to give the Corporation a bond, in such sum not exceeding double the value of the stock and with such surety or sureties as they may require, to indemnify it against any claim that may be made against it by reason of the issue of such new certificate and against all other liability in the premises, or may remit such owner to such remedy or remedies as he may have under the laws of the State of Delaware.
 
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ARTICLE VII.
DIVIDENDS, SURPLUS, ETC.
 
Section 1.         General Discretion of Directors:  The Board of Directors shall have power to fix and vary the amount to be set aside or reserved as working capital of the Corporation, or as reserves, or for other proper purposes of the Corporation, and, subject to the requirements of the Certificate of Incorporation, to determine whether any, if any, part of the surplus or net profits of the Corporation shall be declared as dividends and paid to the stockholders, and to fix the date or dates for the payment of dividends.
 
ARTICLE VIII.
INDEMNIFICATION.
 
Section 1.         Right to Indemnification and Advancement:  Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved (including involvement, without limitation, as a witness) in any actual or threatened action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or, while a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, manager, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (an “indemnitee”), whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director or officer or in any other capacity while serving as a director or officer, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent authorized by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "DGCL”), as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than permitted prior thereto), against all expense, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees and related disbursements, judgments, fines, excise taxes or penalties under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time (“ERISA”) and any other penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such indemnitee in connection therewith and such indemnification shall continue as to an indemnitee who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the indemnitee’s heirs, executors and administrators; provided, however, that, except as provided in this Section 1 of this ARTICLE VIII with respect to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification and advance of expenses (as defined below), the Corporation shall indemnify any such indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such indemnitee only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized in the specific case by the Board of Directors. In addition to the right to indemnification conferred herein, an indemnitee shall also have the right, to the fullest extent not prohibited by law, to be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition (an “advance of expenses”); provided, however, that if and to the extent that the DGCL requires, an advance of expenses shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking (an “undertaking”), by or on behalf of such indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal (a “final adjudication”) that such indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses under this Section 1 or otherwise. The Corporation may also, by action of its Board of Directors, provide indemnification and advancement to employees and agents of the Corporation. Any reference to an officer of the Corporation in this ARTICLE VIII shall be deemed to refer exclusively to the Chair of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer, President, Secretary and Treasurer of the Corporation appointed pursuant to these bylaws, and to any Vice President, Assistant Secretary, Assistant Treasurer or other officer of the Corporation appointed by the Board of Directors pursuant to these bylaws, and any reference to an officer of any other enterprise shall be deemed to refer exclusively to an officer appointed by the board of directors or equivalent governing body of such other entity pursuant to the certificate of incorporation and bylaws or equivalent organizational documents of such other enterprise. The fact that any person who is or was an employee of the Corporation or an employee of any other enterprise has been given or has used the title of “Vice President” or any other title, that could be construed to suggest or imply that such person is or may be an officer of the Corporation or of such other enterprise shall not result in such person being constituted as, or being deemed to be, an officer of the Corporation or of such other enterprise for purposes of this ARTICLE VIII unless such person’s appointment to such office was approved by the Board of Directors pursuant to the bylaws of the Corporation.
 
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Section 2.         Procedure for Indemnification:  Any claim for indemnification or advance of expenses by an indemnitee under this Section 2 of ARTICLE VIII shall be made promptly, and in any event within forty-five days (or, in the case of an advance of expenses, twenty days, provided that the director or officer has delivered the undertaking contemplated by Section 1 of this ARTICLE VIII if required), upon the written request of the indemnitee. If the Corporation denies a written request for indemnification or advance of expenses, in whole or in part, or if payment in full pursuant to such request is not made within forty-five days (or, in the case of an advance of expenses, twenty days, provided that the indemnitee has delivered the undertaking contemplated by Section 1 of this ARTICLE VIII if required), the right to indemnification or advances as granted by this ARTICLE VIII shall be enforceable by the indemnitee in any court of competent jurisdiction. Such person’s costs and expenses incurred in connection with successfully establishing his or her right to indemnification, in whole or in part, in any such action shall also be indemnified by the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for the advance of expenses where the undertaking required pursuant to Section 1 of this ARTICLE VIII, if any, has been tendered to the Corporation) that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct which make it permissible under the DGCL for the Corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed, but the burden of proof shall be on the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by law. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, a committee thereof, independent legal counsel or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the DGCL, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.
 
Section 3.         Insurance:  The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on its own behalf and on behalf of any person who is or was or has agreed to become a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, partner, member, trustee, administrator, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expenses, liability or loss under the DGCL.
 
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Section 4.         Service for Subsidiaries:  Any person serving as a director, officer, partner, member, trustee, administrator, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, at least 50% of whose equity interests are owned by the Corporation (a “subsidiary” for purposes of this ARTICLE VIII) shall be conclusively presumed to be serving in such capacity at the request of the Corporation.
 
Section 5.         Reliance:  Persons who after the date of the adoption of this provision become or remain directors or officers of the Corporation or who, while a director or officer of the Corporation, become or remain a director, manager, officer, employee or agent of a subsidiary, shall be conclusively presumed to have relied on the rights to indemnity, advance of expenses and other rights contained in this ARTICLE VIII in entering into or continuing such service. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the rights to indemnification and to the advance of expenses conferred in this ARTICLE VIII shall apply to claims made against an indemnitee arising out of acts or omissions which occurred or occur both prior and subsequent to the adoption hereof. Any amendment, alteration or repeal of this ARTICLE VIII that adversely affects any right of an indemnitee or its successors shall be prospective only and shall not limit, eliminate, or impair any such right with respect to any proceeding involving any occurrence or alleged occurrence of any action or omission to act that took place prior to such amendment or repeal.
 
Section 6.        Non-Exclusivity of Rights; Continuation of Rights of Indemnification: The rights to indemnification and to the advance of expenses conferred in this ARTICLE VIII shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under the Certificate of Incorporation or under any statute, by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise. All rights to indemnification under this ARTICLE VIII shall be deemed to be a contract between the Corporation and each director or officer of the Corporation who serves or served in such capacity at any time while this ARTICLE VIII is in effect. Any repeal or modification of this ARTICLE VIII or repeal or modification of relevant provisions of the DGCL or any other applicable laws shall not in any way diminish any rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses of such director or officer or the obligations of the Corporation arising hereunder with respect to any proceeding arising out of, or relating to, any actions, transactions or facts occurring prior to the final adoption of such repeal or modification.
 
Section 7.         Merger or Consolidation:  For purposes of this ARTICLE VIII, references to the “Corporation” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under this ARTICLE VIII with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he or she would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.
 
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Section 8.         Savings Clause:  To the fullest extent permitted by law, if this ARTICLE VIII or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify and advance expenses to each person entitled to indemnification under Section 1 of this ARTICLE VIII as to all expense, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees and related disbursements, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes and penalties and any other penalties and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement) actually and reasonably incurred or suffered by such person and for which indemnification and advancement of expenses is available to such person pursuant to this ARTICLE VIII to the fullest extent permitted by any applicable portion of this ARTICLE VIII that shall not have been invalidated.
 
ARTICLE IX.
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.
 
Section 1.          Fiscal Year:  The fiscal year of the Corporation shall commence on the first day of January and end on the last day of December.
 
Section 2.         Corporate Seal:  The corporate seal shall be in such form as approved by the Board of Directors and may be altered at their pleasure.  The corporate seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.
 
Section 3.          Notices:  Except as otherwise expressly provided, any notice required by these Bylaws to be given shall be sufficient if given by depositing the same in a post office or letter box in a sealed postpaid wrapper addressed to the person entitled thereto at his address, as the same appears upon the books of the Corporation, or by sending via facsimile, telegraphing or cabling the same to such person at such addresses; and such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time it is mailed, sent via facsimile, telegraphed or cabled.
 
Section 4.        Waiver of Notice:  Any stockholder or director may at any time, by writing or by telegraph or by cable, waive any notice required to be given under these Bylaws, and if any stockholder or director shall be present at any meeting his presence shall constitute a waiver of such notice.
 
Section 5.         Checks, Drafts, etc.:  All checks, drafts or other orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the Corporation, shall be signed by such officer or officers, agent or agents of the Corporation, and in such manner, as shall from time to time be designated by resolution of the Board of Directors.
 
Section 6.         Deposits:  All funds of the Corporation shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the Corporation in such bank or banks, trust companies or other depositories as the Board of Directors may select, and, for the purpose of such deposit, checks, drafts, warrants and other orders for the payment of money which are payable to the order of the Corporation, may be endorsed for deposit, assigned and delivered by any officer of the Corporation, or by such agents of the Corporation as the Board of Directors or the President may authorize for that purpose.
 
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Section 7.         Voting Stock of Other Corporations:  Except as otherwise ordered by the Board of Directors, the President or the treasurer shall have full power and authority on behalf of the Corporation to attend and to act and to vote at any meeting of the stockholders of any corporation of which the Corporation is a stockholder and to execute a proxy to any other person to represent the Corporation at any such meeting, and at any such meeting the President or the treasurer or the holder of any such proxy, as the case may be, shall possess and may exercise any and all rights and powers incident to ownership of such stock and which, as owner thereof, the Corporation might have possessed and exercised if present.  The Board of Directors may from time to time confer like powers upon any other person or persons.
 
ARTICLE X.
AMENDMENTS.
 
The Board of Directors shall have the power to make, rescind, alter, amend and repeal these Bylaws, provided, however, that the stockholders shall have power to rescind, alter, amend or repeal any bylaws made by the Board of Directors, and to enact bylaws which if so expressed shall not be rescinded, altered, amended or repealed by the Board of Directors.  No change of the time or place for the annual meeting of the stockholders for the election of directors shall be made except in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware.
 
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