UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Quarterly period ended September 30, 2021

OR

 ☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from            to            

Commission File Number: 001-33549

Tiptree Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Maryland                                38-3754322

(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation of Organization        (IRS Employer Identification No.)

299 Park Avenue, 13th Floor, New York, New York                10171

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)                        Zip Code

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (212) 446-1400

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
common stock, par value $0.001 per share	TIPT	NASDAQ	Capital Market

    Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x No ¨ 

    Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes x     No   ¨

    Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ¨                    Accelerated filer x

Non-accelerated filer ¨                    Smaller reporting company ☐

                            Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.)    Yes☐     No ☒

As of November 1, 2021, there were 33,900,272 shares, par value $0.001, of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

Tiptree Inc.

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

September 30, 2021

Table of Contents

ITEM	Page Number
PART I. Financial Information	F- 1
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)	F- 3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020	F- 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	F- 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	F- 5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	F- 6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	F- 8
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	F- 9
(1) Organization	F- 9
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	F- 9
(3) Acquisitions	F- 10
(4) Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale	F- 11
(5) Operating Segment Data	F- 12
(6) Investments	F- 14
(7) Notes and Accounts Receivable, net	F- 20
(8) Reinsurance Receivables	F- 21
(9) Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net	F- 24
(10) Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging	F- 25
(11) Debt, net	F- 26
(12) Fair Value of Financial Instruments	F- 27
(13) Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses	F- 34
(14) Revenue from Contracts with Customers	F- 35
(15) Other Assets and Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses	F- 36
(16) Other Revenue and Other Expenses	F- 37
(17) Stockholders’ Equity	F- 38
(18) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	F- 39
(19) Stock Based Compensation	F- 40
(20) Income Taxes	F- 43
(21) Commitments and Contingencies	F- 44
(22) Earnings Per Share	F- 45
(23) Related Party Transactions	F- 45
(24) Subsequent Events	F- 46
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	1
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	26
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	26
PART II. Other Information	26
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	26
Item 1A. Risk Factors	26
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	26
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	27
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	27
Item 5. Other Information	27
Item 6. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	27
Signatures	28

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Forward-Looking Statements

Except for the historical information included and incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the information included and incorporated by reference herein are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements provide our current expectations or forecasts of future events and are not statements of historical fact. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future events, including, among other things, discussion and analysis of our future financial condition, results of operations and our strategic plans and objectives. When we use words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “seek,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” or similar expressions, we intend to identify forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, are difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, those described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other public filings with the SEC.

The factors described herein are not necessarily all of the important factors that could cause actual results or developments to differ materially from those expressed in any of our forward-looking statements.  Other unknown or unpredictable factors also could affect our forward-looking statements. Consequently, our actual performance could be materially different from the results described or anticipated by our forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Except as required by the applicable law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

Market and Industry Data

Certain market data and industry data included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q were obtained from reports of governmental agencies and industry publications and surveys. We believe the data from third-party sources to be reliable based upon our management’s knowledge of the industry, but have not independently verified such data and as such, make no guarantees as to its accuracy, completeness or timeliness.

Note to Reader

In reading this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to:

“A.M. Best” means A.M. Best Company, Inc.

“CLOs” means collateralized loan obligations.

“Corvid Peak” means collectively: Corvid Peak Holdings, L.P., Corvid Peak Capital Management, LLC, Corvid Peak GP Holdings, LLC and Corvid Peak Holdings GP, LLC

“EBITDA” means earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization.

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“Fortress” means Fortress Credit Corp., as administrative agent, collateral agent and lead arranger, and affiliates of Fortress that are lenders under the Credit Agreement among the Company, Fortress and the lenders party thereto.

“Fortegra” or “The Fortegra Group” means The Fortegra Group, LLC.

“Fortegra Warranty” means Fortegra Warranty Holdings, LLC.

“GAAP” means U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

“GSE” means government-sponsored enterprise.

“Invesque” means Invesque Inc.

“Luxury” means Luxury Mortgage Corp.

“NAIC” means the National Association of Insurance Commissioners.

“Reliance” means Reliance First Capital, LLC.

“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“Sky Auto” means Sky Services LLC.

“Smart AutoCare” means the following entities and their subsidiaries operating under the Smart AutoCare brand: SAC Holdings, Inc., Freedom Insurance Company, Ltd., Dealer Motor Services, Inc., Independent Dealer Group, Inc., Ownershield, Inc. and Accelerated Service Enterprise, LLC.

F - 1

“Tax Act” means Public Law no. 115-97, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

“Tiptree”, the “Company”, “we”, “its”, “us” and “our” means, unless otherwise indicated by the context, Tiptree Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

“Tiptree Holdings” means Tiptree Holdings LLC.

“Transition Services Agreement” means the Amended and Restated Transition Services Agreement between Corvid Peak and Tiptree Inc., effective as of January 1, 2019.

F - 2

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)

	As of
	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets:
Investments:
Available for sale securities, at fair value, net of allowance for credit losses	$	541,121	$	377,133
Loans, at fair value	89,326		90,732
Equity securities	139,418		123,838
Other investments	168,829		219,701
Total investments	938,694		811,404
Cash and cash equivalents	150,496		136,920
Restricted cash	21,588		58,355
Notes and accounts receivable, net	443,150		370,452
Reinsurance receivables	827,199		728,009
Deferred acquisition costs	352,940		229,430
Goodwill	179,103		179,236
Intangible assets, net	126,649		138,215
Other assets	152,938		162,034
Assets held for sale	185,595		181,705
Total assets	$	3,378,352	$	2,995,760
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Debt, net	$	374,842	$	366,246
Unearned premiums	1,053,120		860,690
Policy liabilities and unpaid claims	313,614		233,438
Deferred revenue	511,273		399,211
Reinsurance payable	239,499		224,660
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	305,519		362,865
Liabilities held for sale	178,343		175,112
Total liabilities	$	2,976,210	$	2,622,222
Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock: $0.001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding	$	—	$	—
Common stock: $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 33,888,810 and 32,682,462 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	34		33
Additional paid-in capital	314,060		315,014
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	1,157		5,674
Retained earnings	69,961		35,423
Total Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity	385,212		356,144
Non-controlling interests	16,930		17,394
Total stockholders’ equity	402,142		373,538
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	3,378,352	$	2,995,760

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

F - 3

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share data)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Revenues:
Earned premiums, net	$	175,026	$	116,418	$	498,903	$	344,994
Service and administrative fees	69,664		47,701		191,414		134,290
Ceding commissions	2,722		5,157		8,827		16,217
Net investment income	3,330		3,023		9,331		8,803
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	14,805		38,959		120,268		6,628
Other revenue	21,058		12,783		52,237		41,974
Total revenues	286,605		224,041		880,980		552,906
Expenses:
Policy and contract benefits	80,831		57,738		237,198		167,761
Commission expense	104,392		68,868		292,580		207,172
Employee compensation and benefits	48,643		45,715		147,260		124,894
Interest expense	8,657		8,321		26,890		23,518
Depreciation and amortization	6,119		4,010		18,261		12,244
Other expenses	34,379		25,492		104,340		80,737
Total expenses	283,021		210,144		826,529		616,326
Income (loss) before taxes	3,584		13,897		54,451		(63,420)
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes	237		(844)		11,416		(22,030)
Net income (loss)	3,347		14,741		43,035		(41,390)
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	1,339		1,978		4,477		2,038
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	2,008	$	12,763	$	38,558	$	(43,428)
Net income (loss) per common share:
Basic earnings per share	$	0.06	$	0.37	$	1.15	$	(1.27)
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.06	$	0.35	$	1.11	$	(1.27)
Weighted average number of common shares:
Basic	33,558,106		33,684,301		32,963,451		34,076,837
Diluted	34,132,182		33,684,301		35,025,211		34,076,837
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.04	$	0.04	$	0.12	$	0.12

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

F - 4

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net income (loss)	$	3,347	$	14,741	43,035		(41,390)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period	(1,674)		(95)		(5,229)		5,262
Related (provision) benefit for income taxes	370		25		1,175		(1,154)
Reclassification of (gains) losses included in net income (loss)	(296)		(115)		(616)		(211)
Related (provision) benefit for income taxes	62		20		135		46
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities, net of tax	(1,538)		(165)		(4,535)		3,943
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(1,538)		(165)		(4,535)		3,943
Comprehensive income (loss)	1,809		14,576		38,500		(37,447)
Less: comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	1,333		1,978		4,459		2,059
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	476	$	12,598	$	34,041	$	(39,506)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

F - 5

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except shares)

	Common stock
	Number of shares	Par value		Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Retained earnings		Total Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity		Non-controlling interests		Total stockholders' equity
Balance at December 31, 2020	32,682,462	$	33	$	315,014	$	5,674	$	35,423	$	356,144	$	17,394	$	373,538
Amortization of share-based incentive compensation	—	—		1,759		—		—		1,759		1,263		3,022
Vesting of share-based incentive compensation	369,556	—		184		—		—		184		(4,816)		(4,632)
Shares issued in exchange for vested subsidiary awards (1)	1,158,009	2		657		—		—		659		(709)		(50)
Shares purchased under stock purchase plan	(528,662)	(1)		(2,881)		—		—		(2,882)		—		(2,882)
Shares issued upon exercise of warrants	207,445	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Repurchase of vested subsidiary awards	—	—		(770)		—		—		(770)		(309)		(1,079)
Non-controlling interest contributions	—	—		—		—		—		—		100		100
Non-controlling interest distributions	—	—		—		—		—		—		(355)		(355)
Net change in non-controlling interest	—	—		97		—		—		97		(97)		—
Dividends declared	—	—		—		—		(4,020)		(4,020)		—		(4,020)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—	—		—		(4,517)		—		(4,517)		(18)		(4,535)
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		—		38,558		38,558		4,477		43,035
Balance at September 30, 2021	33,888,810	$	34	$	314,060	$	1,157	$	69,961	$	385,212	$	16,930	$	402,142
Balance at June 30, 2021	33,395,395	$	33	$	314,983	$	2,689	$	69,313	$	387,018	$	18,031	$	405,049
Amortization of share-based incentive compensation	—	—		570		—		—		570		481		1,051
Vesting of share-based incentive compensation	11,586	—		103		—		—		103		(4,132)		(4,029)
Shares issued in exchange for vested subsidiary awards	481,829	1		(1,634)		—		—		(1,633)		1,633		—
Repurchase of vested subsidiary awards	—	—		10		—		—		10		(33)		(23)
Non-controlling interest distributions	—	—		—		—		—		—		(355)		(355)
Net change in non-controlling interests	—	—		28		—		—		28		(28)		—
Dividends declared	—	—		—		—		(1,360)		(1,360)		—		(1,360)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—	—		—		(1,532)		—		(1,532)		(6)		(1,538)
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		—		2,008		2,008		1,339		3,347
Balance at September 30, 2021	33,888,810	$	34	$	314,060	$	1,157	$	69,961	$	385,212	$	16,930	$	402,142

    

(1)    Exchange included $50 in cash.

F - 6

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except shares)

	Common stock
	Number of shares	Par value		Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Retained earnings		Total Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity		Non-controlling interests		Total stockholders' equity
Balance at December 31, 2019	34,562,553	$	35	$	326,140	$	1,698	$	70,189	$	398,062	$	13,353	$	411,415
Adoption of accounting standard (1)	—	—		—		42		(42)		—		—		—
Amortization of share-based incentive compensation	—	—		2,691		—		—		2,691		3,059		5,750
Vesting of share-based incentive compensation	477,768	—		(33)		—		—		(33)		(2,223)		(2,256)
Shares purchased under stock purchase plan	(1,477,302)	(1)		(9,164)		—		—		(9,165)		—		(9,165)
Cash settlement for the exchange of vested subsidiary awards	—	—		(587)		—		—		(587)		(1,220)		(1,807)
Net change in non-controlling interest	—	—		475		—		—		475		(1,075)		(600)
Dividends declared	—	—		—		—		(4,199)		(4,199)		—		(4,199)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—	—		—		3,922		—		3,922		21		3,943
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		—		(43,428)		(43,428)		2,038		(41,390)
Balance at September 30, 2020	33,563,019	$	34	$	319,522	$	5,662	$	22,520	$	347,738	$	13,953	$	361,691
Balance at June 30, 2020	33,676,183	$	34	$	318,817	$	5,827	$	11,143	$	335,821	$	11,368	$	347,189
Amortization of share-based incentive compensation	—	—		750		—		—		750		1,537		2,287
Vesting of share-based incentive compensation	21,970	—		145		—		—		145		(355)		(210)
Shares purchased under stock purchase plan	(135,134)	—		(665)		—		—		(665)		—		(665)
Non-controlling interest contributions	—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Net change in non-controlling interest	—	—		475		—		—		475		(575)		(100)
Dividends declared	—	—		—		—		(1,386)		(1,386)		—		(1,386)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—	—		—		(165)		—		(165)		—		(165)
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		—		12,763		12,763		1,978		14,741
Balance at September 30, 2020	33,563,019	$	34	$	319,522	$	5,662	$	22,520	$	347,738	$	13,953	$	361,691

(1)    Amounts reclassified due to adoption of ASU 2016-13. See Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

F - 7

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
Operating Activities:
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	38,558	$	(43,428)
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	4,477		2,038
Net income (loss)	43,035		(41,390)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Net realized and unrealized (gains) losses	(120,268)		(6,628)
Net (gain) loss on sale of businesses	1,175		—
Non-cash compensation expense	3,717		6,158
Amortization/accretion of premiums and discounts	2,134		1,614
Depreciation and amortization expense	18,261		12,244
Non-cash lease expense	6,520		5,196
Dividend reinvestment plan income	—		(953)
Amortization of deferred financing costs	1,176		608
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		353
Deferred provision (benefit) for income taxes	10,777		(2,841)
Other	133		192
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Mortgage loans originated for sale	(2,100,276)		(2,104,377)
Proceeds from the sale of mortgage loans originated for sale	2,184,852		2,164,731
(Increase) decrease in notes and accounts receivable	(57,859)		(50,399)
(Increase) decrease in reinsurance receivables	(99,190)		(35,401)
(Increase) decrease in deferred acquisition costs	(123,510)		(37,903)
(Increase) decrease in other assets	337		(17,773)
Increase (decrease) in unearned premiums	192,430		37,540
Increase (decrease) in policy liabilities and unpaid claims	80,176		15,528
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenue	112,062		81,565
Increase (decrease) in reinsurance payable	14,839		18,556
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities and accrued expenses	15,518		21,595
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	186,039		68,215
Investing Activities:
Purchases of investments	(1,251,741)		(1,053,359)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments	1,064,915		988,594
Proceeds from the sale of real estate	—		1,266
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(2,103)		(4,709)
Proceeds from the sale of businesses	125		375
Proceeds from notes receivable	40,337		30,290
Issuance of notes receivable	(52,957)		(48,787)
Business and asset acquisitions, net of cash, restricted cash and deposits (1)	133		20,900
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(201,291)		(65,430)
Financing Activities:
Dividends paid	(4,020)		(4,199)
Non-controlling interest contributions	100		—
Non-controlling interest redemptions	(1,484)		(1,907)
Payment of debt issuance costs	(62)		(3,640)
Proceeds from borrowings and mortgage notes payable	2,265,796		2,382,569
Principal paydowns of borrowings and mortgage notes payable	(2,257,947)		(2,330,395)
Repurchases of common stock	(2,882)		(9,165)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(499)		33,263
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(15,751)		36,048
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of period	195,275		144,590
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of period - held for sale	4,879		7,137
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – end of period	184,403		187,775
Less: Reclassification of cash to assets held for sale	12,319		6,178
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – end of period	$	172,084	$	181,597
Supplemental Schedule of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Right of use asset obtained in exchange for lease liability	$	3,046	$	1,109
Equity securities acquired as part of a dividend reinvestment plan	$	—	$	953
Shares issued in exchange for vested subsidiary awards	$	659	$	—
	As of
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Cash and cash equivalents	$	150,496	$	136,920
Restricted cash	21,588		58,355
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statements of cash flows	$	172,084	$	195,275

(1)    Changes in balance sheet balances due to acquisitions have been netted down in the respective line items. See Note (3) Acquisitions for additional information.

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

F - 8

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

(1) Organization

Tiptree Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, collectively, Tiptree, the Company, or we) is a Maryland Corporation that was incorporated on March 19, 2007. Tiptree’s common stock trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “TIPT”. Tiptree is a holding company that combines specialty insurance operations with investment management capabilities. We allocate our capital across our insurance operations and other investments. We classify our business into two reportable segments: Insurance and Mortgage. We refer to our non-insurance operations, assets and other investments, which is comprised of our Mortgage reportable segment and our non-reportable segments and other business activities, as Tiptree Capital.

(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Tiptree have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP) and include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. The condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, the main operating currency of the Company. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein should be read in conjunction with the annual audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim financial information reflects all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income and cash flows for each of the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending on December 31, 2021.

Non-controlling interests on the condensed consolidated balance sheets represent the ownership interests in certain consolidated subsidiaries held by entities or persons other than Tiptree. Accounts and transactions between consolidated entities have been eliminated.

Reclassifications

As a result of changes in presentation made in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

Recent Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Standard	Description	Adoption Date	Impact on Financial Statements
2019-12 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes	The standard eliminates the need for an organization to analyze whether the following apply in a given period: (1) exceptions to the incremental approach for intraperiod tax allocation, (2) exceptions to accounting for basis differences when there are ownership changes in foreign investments and (3) exceptions in interim period income tax accounting for year-to-date losses that exceed anticipated losses. The ASU also is designed to improve financial statement preparers’ application of income tax-related guidance and simplify GAAP for (1) franchise taxes that are partially based on income, (2) transactions with a government that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill, (3) separate financial statements of legal entities that are not subject to tax, and (4) enacted changes in tax laws in interim periods.	January 1, 2021	The standard makes changes to areas of tax accounting for transactions and situations which do not currently apply to the Company’s activity, so the adoption of the standard does not currently impact the Company’s financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements, Not Yet Adopted

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, there were no accounting standards issued applicable to the Company.

F - 9

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

(3) Acquisitions

Acquisitions during 2020

Acquisition of Smart AutoCare

On January 3, 2020, a subsidiary of the Company acquired (the Acquisition) all of the equity interests of Accelerated Service Enterprise LLC, SAC Holdings Inc., Dealer Motor Services, Inc., Independent Dealer Group, Inc., Ownershield, Inc., Freedom Insurance Company, Ltd. (Freedom), SAC Admin, Inc., SAC Insurance Company, Inc., Smart AutoCare, Inc. and Smart AutoCare Administration Solutions, Inc. (together Smart AutoCare), pursuant to the Equity Interest Purchase Agreement (the Purchase Agreement) between Fortegra Warranty Holdings, LLC (Buyer) and Peter Masi (Seller), dated as of December 16, 2019. Concurrent with the Acquisition, Freedom terminated reinsurance agreements with affiliates of Seller (the Commutation Transaction).

Tiptree paid Seller $111,804, net of working capital true-ups, in cash at closing, $8,250 of which was held in an escrow account to satisfy indemnity claims and was released on August 3, 2021. Simultaneously, pursuant to the Commutation Transaction, affiliates of Seller paid Freedom $102,000 in cash. Smart AutoCare’s results are included in the Company’s Insurance segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

Management’s allocation of the purchase price to the net assets acquired resulted in the recording of finite-lived intangible assets valued at $93,700, with an estimated amortization period of 5 to 13.5 years. It is expected that the tax basis in intangible assets will be similar to the GAAP values provided above. The residual amount of the purchase price after the allocation to net assets acquired and identifiable intangibles of $60,346 has been allocated to goodwill. This goodwill is included in the Insurance segment. It is expected that $21,127 of this goodwill will be tax deductible over a 15 year period.

The following table summarizes the final determination of the fair value amounts for the identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and goodwill, as described above, for the transactions completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2020:

	2020 Acquisition
Assets:
Investments:
Available for sale securities, at fair value	$	110
Total investments	110
Cash and cash equivalents	120,934
Restricted cash	764
Notes and accounts receivable, net	6,214
Reinsurance receivables	71,337
Intangible assets, net	93,700
Other assets	34,053
Total assets	$	327,112
Liabilities:
Policy liabilities and unpaid claims	$	55,151
Deferred revenue	182,568
Reinsurance payable	27,075
Other liabilities and accrued expenses	10,860
Total liabilities	275,654
Net assets acquired	51,458
Goodwill	60,346
	$	111,804
Acquisition costs	$	3,539

Supplemental pro forma results of operations have not been presented for the Acquisition as it is not material in relation to the Company’s reported results.

F - 10

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

The following table shows the values recorded by the Company, as of the acquisition date, for finite-lived intangible assets and the range of their estimated amortization period:

Intangible Assets	Weighted Average Amortization Period (in Years)	Value as of acquisition date
Customer relationships	7.2	$	86,000
Software licensing	5.0	600
Trade names	13.5	7,100
Total acquired finite-lived intangible assets	7.7	$	93,700

Acquisition of Sky Auto

On December 31, 2020, a subsidiary in our insurance business acquired all of the equity interests in Sky Auto for total net cash consideration of approximately $25,200. Sky Auto markets vehicle service contracts to consumers within the United States.

Identifiable assets acquired were primarily made up of goodwill and intangible assets. Management’s allocation of the purchase price to the net assets acquired resulted in the recording of goodwill and intangible assets of $19,867 and $5,340, respectively.

(4) Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

The Company has entered into a definitive agreement to sell Luxury, and it is classified as held for sale at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The agreement did not meet the requirements to be classified as a discontinued operation. The following table presents detail of Luxury’s assets and liabilities held for sale in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for the following periods:

	As of
	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets:
Investments:
Loans, at fair value	$	168,307	$	164,802
Other investments	2,410		4,345
Total investments	170,717		169,147
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	12,319		4,879
Notes and accounts receivable, net	136		1,760
Other assets	2,423		5,919
Assets held for sale	$	185,595	$	181,705
Liabilities:
Debt, net	$	163,701	$	162,072
Other liabilities and accrued expenses (1)	14,642		13,040
Liabilities held for sale	$	178,343	$	175,112

(1)    Includes deferred tax liabilities of $1,796 and $939 as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded an impairment of $386 and $1,175, respectively, related to assets and liabilities held for sale. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company did not record an impairment related to assets and liabilities held for sale. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, accumulated impairment related to assets and liabilities held for sale was $5,603 and $4,428, respectively.

F - 11

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

(5) Segment Data

Tiptree is a holding company that allocates capital across a broad spectrum of businesses, assets and other investments. Tiptree’s principal operating subsidiary, The Fortegra Group, LLC and its subsidiaries (Fortegra), is a leading provider of specialty insurance underwriting, warranty and service contract products and related service solutions. Based on the ASC 280 quantitative analysis performed as of December 31, 2020, our reportable segments are Insurance and Mortgage. We refer to our non-insurance operations, assets and other investments, which is comprised of our Mortgage reportable segment and our non-reportable operating segments and other business activities, as Tiptree Capital. Corporate activities include holding company interest expense, employee compensation and benefits, and other expenses.

Our reportable segments’ income or loss is reported before income taxes and non-controlling interests. Segment results incorporate the revenues and expenses of these subsidiaries since they commenced operations or were acquired. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, Mortgage has been broken out of Tiptree Capital as a reportable segment since it meets the quantitative threshold for disclosure. Prior year segments have been conformed to the current year presentation. Intercompany transactions are eliminated.

Descriptions of our Insurance reportable segment and Tiptree Capital, including our Mortgage reportable segment, are as follows:

Insurance operations are conducted through Fortegra, which includes Fortegra Financial Corporation and Fortegra Warranty. Fortegra underwrites and administers specialty insurance programs and products, and is a leading provider of credit and asset protection products and administration services. Fortegra’s programs are provided across a diverse range of products and services including credit protection insurance, warranty and service contract products, premium finance, and niche personal and commercial lines of insurance.

Tiptree Capital:

Mortgage operations are conducted through Reliance. The Company’s mortgage origination business originates loans for sale to institutional investors, including GSEs and FHA/VA and services loans on behalf of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and GNMA.

Other includes our asset management, mortgage operations of Luxury, shipping operations, and other investments (including our Invesque shares).

The tables below present the components of revenue, expense, income (loss) before taxes, and assets for our reportable segments as well as Tiptree Capital - Other for the following periods:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
			Tiptree Capital
	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Total
Total revenues	$	246,706	$	27,425	$	12,474	$	286,605
Total expenses	(233,369)		(21,158)		(17,174)		(271,701)
Corporate expenses	—		—		—		(11,320)
Income (loss) before taxes	$	13,337	$	6,267	$	(4,700)	$	3,584
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes							237
Net income (loss)							$	3,347
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests							1,339
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders							$	2,008

F - 12

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
			Tiptree Capital
	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Total
Total revenues	$	174,005	$	35,879	$	14,157	$	224,041
Total expenses	(160,558)		(21,426)		(19,135)		(201,119)
Corporate expenses	—		—		—		(9,025)
Income (loss) before taxes	$	13,447	$	14,453	$	(4,978)	$	13,897
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes							(844)
Net income (loss)							$	14,741
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests							1,978
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders							$	12,763

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
			Tiptree Capital
	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Total
Total revenues	$	721,524	$	87,191	$	72,265	$	880,980
Total expenses	(671,955)		(62,072)		(59,351)		(793,378)
Corporate expenses	—		—		—		(33,151)
Income (loss) before taxes	$	49,569	$	25,119	$	12,914	$	54,451
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes							11,416
Net income (loss)							$	43,035
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests							4,477
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders							$	38,558

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
			Tiptree Capital
	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Total
Total revenues	$	482,299	$	80,911	$	(10,304)	$	552,906
Total expenses	(481,881)		(60,143)		(49,103)		(591,127)
Corporate expenses	—		—		—		(25,199)
Income (loss) before taxes	$	418	$	20,768	$	(59,407)	$	(63,420)
Less: provision (benefit) for income taxes							(22,030)
Net income (loss)							$	(41,390)
Less: net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests							2,038
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders							$	(43,428)

The Company conducts its operations primarily in the U.S. with 9.0% and 6.3% of total revenues generated overseas for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 7.1% and 6.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The following table presents the reportable segments and Tiptree Capital - Other assets for the following periods:

	As of September 30, 2021										As of December 31, 2020
			Tiptree Capital										Tiptree Capital
	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Corporate		Total		Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Corporate		Total
Total assets	$	2,832,179	$	205,878	$	314,191	$	26,104	$	3,378,352	$	2,452,798	$	217,138	$	302,068	$	23,756	$	2,995,760

F - 13

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

(6) Investments

The following table presents the Company's investments related to insurance operations and other Tiptree investing activities, measured at fair value as of the following periods:

	As of September 30, 2021
			Tiptree Capital
	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Total
Available for sale securities, at fair value, net of allowance for credit losses	$	541,121	$	—	$	—	$	541,121
Loans, at fair value	2,099		87,227		—		89,326
Equity securities	110,198		—		29,220		139,418
Other investments	76,166		10,645		82,018		168,829
Total investments	$	729,584	$	97,872	$	111,238	$	938,694

	As of December 31, 2020
			Tiptree Capital
	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Total
Available for sale securities, at fair value, net of allowance for credit losses	$	377,133	$	—	$	—	$	377,133
Loans, at fair value	7,795		82,937		—		90,732
Equity securities	98,130		—		25,708		123,838
Other investments	125,833		9,439		84,429		219,701
Total investments	$	608,891	$	92,376	$	110,137	$	811,404

Available for Sale Securities, at fair value, net of allowance for credit losses

All of the Company’s investments in Available for Sale Securities, at fair value, net of allowance for credit losses (AFS securities) as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are held by subsidiaries in the insurance segment. The following tables present the Company's investments in AFS securities:

	As of September 30, 2021
	Amortized cost		Allowance for Credit Losses(1)		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	303,340	$	—	$	3,128	$	(1,221)	$	305,247
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	54,524		—		1,308		(214)		55,618
Corporate securities	142,153		(80)		946		(483)		142,536
Asset backed securities	36,151		—		138		(2,047)		34,242
Certificates of deposit	856		—		—		—		856
Obligations of foreign governments	2,654		(4)		6		(34)		2,622
Total	$	539,678	$	(84)	$	5,526	$	(3,999)	$	541,121

F - 14

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

	As of December 31, 2020
	Amortized cost		Allowance for Credit Losses(1)		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	191,116	$	—	$	5,245	$	(58)	$	196,303
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	42,583		—		1,768		(1)		44,350
Corporate securities	92,761		—		2,181		(1)		94,941
Asset backed securities	37,975		—		316		(2,099)		36,192
Certificates of deposit	1,355		—		—		—		1,355
Obligations of foreign governments	3,961		—		31		—		3,992
Total	$	369,751	$	—	$	9,541	$	(2,159)	$	377,133
(1) Represents the amount of impairment that has resulted from credit-related factors, and therefore was recognized in net realized and unrealized gains (losses) as a credit loss on AFS securities. Amount excludes unrealized losses relating to non-credit factors.

The amortized cost and fair values of AFS securities, by contractual maturity date, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

	As of
	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	23,768	$	23,984	$	30,306	$	30,602
Due after one year through five years	227,073		228,476		149,378		153,406
Due after five years through ten years	55,470		55,445		26,621		27,479
Due after ten years	197,216		198,974		125,471		129,454
Asset backed securities	36,151		34,242		37,975		36,192
Total	$	539,678	$	541,121	$	369,751	$	377,133

The following tables present the gross unrealized losses on AFS securities by length of time that individual AFS securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months, and twelve months or greater and do not have an allowance for credit losses:

	As of September 30, 2021
	Less Than or Equal to One Year					More Than One Year
	Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		# of Securities	Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		# of Securities
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	188,046	$	(1,059)	267	$	6,094	$	(162)	20
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	12,303		(203)		41	279		(11)		3
Corporate securities	76,400		(483)		240	—		—		—
Asset backed securities	4,195		(11)		23	3,391		(2,036)		5
Obligations of foreign governments	1,884		(34)		6	—		—		—
Total	$	282,828	$	(1,790)	577	$	9,764	$	(2,209)	28

F - 15

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

	As of December 31, 2020
	Less Than or Equal to One Year					More Than One Year
	Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		# of Securities	Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		# of Securities
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	15,323	$	(58)	41	$	2	$	—	2
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	379		(1)		5	—		—		—
Corporate securities	901		(1)		3	—		—		—
Asset backed securities	—		—		—	18,927		(2,099)		9
Total	$	16,603	$	(60)	49	$	18,929	$	(2,099)	11

Management believes that it is more likely than not that the Company will be able to hold the fixed maturity AFS securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2021 until full recovery of their amortized cost basis.

The table below presents a roll-forward of the activity in the allowance for credit losses on AFS securities by type as of September 30, 2021:

	Obligations of state and political subdivisions		Corporate securities		Asset backed securities		Obligations of foreign governments		Total
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
(Increase) in allowance for credit losses	—		(129)		—		(6)		(135)
Reduction in credit losses due to AFS securities sold during the year	—		3		—		1		4
Gains from recoveries of amounts previously written off	—		46		—		1		47
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	—	$	(80)	$	—	$	(4)	$	(84)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Increase in the allowance for the initial adoption of ASU 2016-13	(1)		(50)		(2)		—		(53)
Reduction in credit losses due to AFS securities sold during the year	—		3		—		—		3
Gains from recoveries of amounts previously written off	1		37		2		—		40
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	—	$	(10)	$	—	$	—	$	(10)

The Company applies a discounted cash flow model, based on assumptions and model outputs provided by an investment management company, in determining its lifetime expected credit losses on AFS securities. This includes determining the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the book yield of the security.

The table below presents the amount of credit losses (gains from recoveries) on AFS securities recorded by the Company for the following period:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021	2020	2021	2020
Net gains from recoveries (credit losses) on AFS securities	(1)	(8)	(84)	43

F - 16

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

Pursuant to certain reinsurance agreements and statutory licensing requirements, the Company has deposited invested assets in custody accounts or insurance department safekeeping accounts. The Company cannot remove or replace investments in regulatory deposit accounts without prior approval of the contractual party or regulatory authority, as applicable. The following table presents the Company's restricted investments included in the Company's AFS securities:

	As of
	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Fair value of restricted investments in trust pursuant to reinsurance agreements	$	44,082	$	44,349
Fair value of restricted investments for special deposits required by state insurance departments	9,143		9,447
Total fair value of restricted investments	$	53,225	$	53,796

The following table presents additional information on the Company’s AFS securities:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Purchases of AFS securities	$	142,420	$	49,285	$	285,151	$	111,280
Proceeds from maturities, calls and prepayments of AFS securities	$	16,616	$	21,643	$	51,245	$	65,492
Gross proceeds from sales of AFS securities	$	29,713	$	2,873	$	62,902	$	15,249

The following table presents the gross realized gains and gross realized losses from sales and redemptions of AFS securities:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Gross realized gains	$	303	$	115	$	625	$	274
Gross realized (losses)	(7)		—		(9)		(63)
Total net realized gains (losses) from investment sales and redemptions	$	296	$	115	$	616	$	211

Loans, at fair value

The following table presents the Company’s investments in loans measured at fair value and the Company’s investments in loans measured at fair value pledged as collateral:

	As of September 30, 2021								As of December 31, 2020
	Fair value		Unpaid principal balance (UPB)		Fair value exceeds / (below) UPB		Pledged as Collateral		Fair value		Unpaid principal balance (UPB)		Fair value exceeds / (below) UPB		Pledged as Collateral
Insurance:
Corporate loans (1)	$	2,099	$	5,197	$	(3,098)	$	—	$	7,795	$	12,281	$	(4,486)	$	—
Mortgage:
Mortgage loans held for sale (2)	87,227		83,960		3,267		84,823		82,937		78,590		4,347		81,630
Total loans, at fair value	$	89,326	$	89,157	$	169	$	84,823	$	90,732	$	90,871	$	(139)	$	81,630

(1)    The cost basis of Corporate loans was approximately $4,108 and $11,282 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

(2)    As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were two mortgage loans held for sale that were 90 days or more past due, respectively, with a fair value of $332 and $534, respectively.

F - 17

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

Equity Securities

Equity securities consist mainly of publicly traded common and preferred stocks and fixed income exchange traded funds. Included within the equity securities balance are 17.0 million shares of Invesque as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, for which the Company has elected to apply the fair value option. The following table presents information on the cost and fair value of the Company’s equity securities related to insurance operations and other Tiptree investing activity as of the following periods:

	As of September 30, 2021
	Insurance				Tiptree Capital - Other				Total
	Cost		Fair Value		Cost		Fair Value		Cost		Fair Value
Invesque	$	23,339	$	6,103	$	111,491	$	29,220	$	134,830	$	35,323
Fixed income exchange traded fund	38,682		39,694		—		—		38,682		39,694
Other equity securities	62,194		64,401		—		—		62,194		64,401
Total equity securities	$	124,215	$	110,198	$	111,491	$	29,220	$	235,706	$	139,418

	As of December 31, 2020
	Insurance				Tiptree Capital - Other				Total
	Cost		Fair Value		Cost		Fair Value		Cost		Fair Value
Invesque	$	23,339	$	5,370	$	111,491	$	25,708	$	134,830	$	31,078
Fixed income exchange traded fund	62,438		63,875		—		—		62,438		63,875
Other equity securities	38,069		28,885		—		—		38,069		28,885
Total equity securities	$	123,846	$	98,130	$	111,491	$	25,708	$	235,337	$	123,838

Other Investments

The following table contains information regarding the Company’s other investments as of the following periods:

	As of September 30, 2021
			Tiptree Capital
	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Total
Corporate bonds, at fair value (1)	$	44,217	$	—	$	—	$	44,217
Vessels, net (2)	—		—		80,558		80,558
Debentures	20,753		—		—		20,753
Other	11,196		10,645		1,460		23,301
Total other investments	$	76,166	$	10,645	$	82,018	$	168,829

	As of December 31, 2020
			Tiptree Capital
	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Total
Corporate bonds, at fair value (1)	$	105,777	$	—	$	—	$	105,777
Vessels, net (2)	—		—		83,028		83,028
Debentures	17,703		—		—		17,703
Other	2,353		9,439		1,401		13,193
Total other investments	$	125,833	$	9,439	$	84,429	$	219,701

(1)    The cost basis of corporate bonds was $42,272 and $97,284 as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

(2)     Net of accumulated depreciation of $11,873 and $8,372 as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

F - 18

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

Net Investment Income - Insurance

Net investment income represents investment income and expense from investments related to insurance operations as disclosed within net investment income on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The following table presents the components of net investment income by source of income:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Interest:
AFS securities	$	1,840	$	1,748	$	5,246	$	6,003
Loans, at fair value	181		113		680		509
Other investments	1,597		1,718		4,593		2,868
Dividends from equity securities	276		74		480		1,142
Subtotal	3,894		3,653		10,999		10,522
Less: investment expenses	564		630		1,668		1,719
Net investment income	$	3,330	$	3,023	$	9,331	$	8,803

Other Investment Income - Tiptree Capital

Other investment income represents other revenue from other Tiptree non-insurance activities as disclosed within other revenue on the condensed consolidated statements of operations, see Note (16) Other Revenue and Other Expenses. The following tables present the components of other investment income by type:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Interest:
Loans, at fair value (1)	$	1,450	$	1,333	$	4,506	$	4,020
Dividends from equity securities	—		—		—		2,533
Loan fee income	5,014		4,817		15,511		12,643
Vessel related revenue	11,426		5,517		25,043		17,218
Other investment income	$	17,890	$	11,667	$	45,060	$	36,414

(1)    Primarily relates to Loans, at fair value classified as Held for Sale. See Note (4) Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale.

Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses)

The following table presents the components of net realized and unrealized gains (losses) recorded on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Net unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities are included within other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI), net of tax, and, as such, are not included in this table. Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on non-investment related financial assets and liabilities are included below:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net realized gains (losses)
Insurance:
Reclass of unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities from OCI	$	296	$	115	$	616	$	211
Net gains from recoveries (credit losses) on AFS securities	(1)		(8)		(84)		43
Net realized gains (losses) on loans	90		202		(389)		(1,305)
Net realized gains (losses) on equity securities	(310)		(1,540)		(4,874)		(22,429)
Net realized gains (losses) on corporate bonds	1,676		2,443		3,174		4,073
Other	(509)		(673)		1,401		1,004
Tiptree Capital
Mortgage:
Net realized gains (losses) on loans	23,992		31,463		70,306		77,478
Other	(1,652)		(1,766)		596		(9,196)

F - 19

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

Other:
Net realized gains (losses) on loans (1)	16,644		11,883		42,232		26,466
Other	(231)		(1,351)		1,523		(3,510)
Total net realized gains (losses)	39,995		40,768		114,501		72,835
Net unrealized gains (losses)
Insurance:
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on loans	(174)		157		1,313		(2,063)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities held at period end	(779)		(2,135)		14,511		(26,875)
Reclass of unrealized (gains) losses from prior periods for equity securities sold	(1,766)		281		(1,362)		17,290
Other	(6,015)		1,817		(9,302)		2,741
Tiptree Capital
Mortgage:
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on loans	(255)		1,238		(1,080)		2,359
Other	566		957		3,632		(908)
Other:
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on loans (1)	1,801		1,364		(314)		1,218
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities held at period end	(10,396)		(7,586)		3,512		(65,970)
Other	(8,172)		2,098		(5,143)		6,001
Total net unrealized gains (losses)	(25,190)		(1,809)		5,767		(66,207)
Total net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	$	14,805	$	38,959	$	120,268	$	6,628

(1)    Relates to Loans, at fair value classified as Held for Sale. See Note (4) Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale.

(7) Notes and Accounts Receivable, net

The following table presents the total notes and accounts receivable, net:

	As of
	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Accounts and premiums receivable, net	$	150,412	$	95,269
Retrospective commissions receivable	145,904		131,760
Notes receivable, net - premium financing program	75,448		62,075
Trust receivables	47,682		54,393
Other receivables	23,704		26,955
Total notes and accounts receivable, net	$	443,150	$	370,452

The following table presents the total valuation allowance and bad debt expense for the following periods:

	Valuation allowance				Bad Debt Expense
	As of				Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
					2021		2020		2021		2020
Notes receivable, net - premium financing program (1)	$	129	$	101	$	68	$	54	$	210	$	165
Accounts and premiums receivable, net	$	164	$	169	$	10	$	6	$	20	$	19

(1)    As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were $1,311 and $215 in balances classified as 90 days plus past due, respectively.

F - 20

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

(8) Reinsurance Receivables

The following table presents the effect of reinsurance on premiums written and earned by our insurance business for the following periods:

	Direct amount		Ceded to other companies		Assumed from other companies		Net amount		Percentage of amount - assumed to net
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Premiums written:
Life insurance	$	26,805	$	12,640	$	70	$	14,235	0.5	%
Accident and health insurance	41,735		28,701		81		13,115		0.6	%
Property and liability insurance	312,988		150,761		35,774		198,001		18.1	%
Total premiums written	381,528		192,102		35,925		225,351		15.9	%
Premiums earned:
Life insurance	19,268		9,994		295		9,569		3.1	%
Accident and health insurance	32,292		21,655		1,329		11,966		11.1	%
Property and liability insurance	226,446		121,349		48,394		153,491		31.5	%
Total premiums earned	$	278,006	$	152,998	$	50,018	$	175,026	28.6	%
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Premiums written:
Life insurance	$	19,268	$	11,551	$	414	$	8,131	5.1	%
Accident and health insurance	32,308		21,749		748		11,307		6.6	%
Property and liability insurance	229,518		154,201		51,721		127,038		40.7	%
Total premiums written	281,094		187,501		52,883		146,476		36.1	%
Premiums earned:
Life insurance	16,725		9,073		348		8,000		4.4	%
Accident and health insurance	28,134		18,502		2,413		12,045		20.0	%
Property and liability insurance	170,806		103,482		29,049		96,373		30.1	%
Total premiums earned	$	215,665	$	131,057	$	31,810	$	116,418	27.3	%
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Premiums written:
Life insurance	$	66,109	$	34,218	$	757	$	32,648	2.3	%
Accident and health insurance	103,321		71,384		5,509		37,446		14.7	%
Property and liability insurance	839,271		416,048		167,726		590,949		28.4	%
Total premiums written	$	1,008,701	$	521,650	$	173,992	$	661,043	26.3	%
Premiums earned:
Life insurance	$	54,242	$	29,405	$	970	$	25,807	3.8	%
Accident and health insurance	91,793		61,755		6,803		36,841		18.5	%
Property and liability insurance	670,077		387,047		153,225		436,255		35.1	%
Total premiums earned	$	816,112	$	478,207	$	160,998	$	498,903	32.3	%
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Premiums written:
Life insurance	$	46,695	$	25,905	$	1,104	$	21,894	5.0	%
Accident and health insurance	80,466		52,449		8,989		37,006		24.3	%
Property and liability insurance	584,983		361,095		96,683		320,571		30.2	%
Total premiums written	$	712,144	$	439,449	$	106,776	$	379,471	28.1	%
Premiums earned:
Life insurance	$	51,015	$	27,369	$	1,087	$	24,733	4.4	%
Accident and health insurance	88,640		58,599		9,008		39,049		23.1	%
Property and liability insurance	500,465		288,863		69,610		281,212		24.8	%
Total premiums earned	$	640,120	$	374,831	$	79,705	$	344,994	23.1	%

F - 21

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

The following table presents the components of policy and contract benefits, including the effect of reinsurance on losses and loss adjustment expenses (LAE) incurred:

	Direct amount		Ceded to other companies		Assumed from other companies		Net amount		Percentage of amount - assumed to net
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Losses and LAE Incurred
Life insurance	$	13,398	$	7,610	$	116	$	5,904	2.0	%
Accident and health insurance	6,689		5,691		913		1,911		47.8	%
Property and liability insurance	90,094		57,568		20,911		53,437		39.1	%
Total losses and LAE incurred	110,181		70,869		21,940		61,252		35.8	%
	Member benefit claims (1)						19,579
	Total policy and contract benefits						$	80,831
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Losses and LAE Incurred
Life insurance	$	12,945	$	7,505	$	135	$	5,575	2.4	%
Accident and health insurance	5,854		4,922		1,436		2,368		60.6	%
Property and liability insurance	78,206		56,500		13,271		34,977		37.9	%
Total losses and LAE incurred	97,005		68,927		14,842		42,920		34.6	%
	Member benefit claims (1)						14,818
	Total policy and contract benefits						$	57,738
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Losses and LAE Incurred
Life insurance	$	40,940	$	23,987	$	481	$	17,434	2.8	%
Accident and health insurance	16,608		13,607		2,232		5,233		42.7	%
Property and liability insurance	262,447		180,991		77,121		158,577		48.6	%
Total losses and LAE incurred	319,995		218,585		79,834		181,244		44.0	%
	Member benefit claims (1)						55,954
	Total policy and contract benefits						$	237,198
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Losses and LAE Incurred
Life insurance	$	33,600	$	19,493	$	416	$	14,523	2.9	%
Accident and health insurance	13,471		11,225		5,458		7,704		70.8	%
Property and liability insurance	204,917		133,798		32,008		103,127		31.0	%
Total losses and LAE incurred	251,988		164,516		37,882		125,354		30.2	%
	Member benefit claims (1)						42,407
	Total policy and contract benefits						$	167,761

(1)    Member benefit claims are not covered by reinsurance.

F - 22

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

The following table presents the components of the reinsurance receivables:

	As of
	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Prepaid reinsurance premiums:
Life insurance (1)	$	72,056	$	70,066
Accident and health insurance (1)	75,890		66,261
Property and liability insurance	455,495		423,868
Total	603,441		560,195
Ceded claim reserves:
Life insurance	4,215		4,133
Accident and health insurance	12,596		11,118
Property and liability insurance	138,289		98,092
Total ceded claim reserves recoverable	155,100		113,343
Other reinsurance settlements recoverable	68,658		54,471
Reinsurance receivables	$	827,199	$	728,009

(1)    Including policyholder account balances ceded.

The following table presents the aggregate amount included in reinsurance receivables that is comprised of the three largest receivable balances from non-affiliated reinsurers:

	As of
	September 30, 2021
Total of the three largest receivable balances from non-affiliated reinsurers	$	110,756

As of September 30, 2021, the non-affiliated reinsurers from whom our insurance business has the largest receivable balances were: MFI Insurance Company, LTD (A. M. Best Rating: Not rated), Allianz Global (A. M. Best Rating: Not rated) and Canada Life International Reinsurance (Barbados) Corporation (A. M. Best Rating: Not rated). The related receivables of these reinsurers are collateralized by assets on hand, assets held in trust accounts and letters of credit. As of September 30, 2021, the Company does not believe there is a risk of loss due to the concentration of credit risk in the reinsurance program given the collateralization.

F - 23

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

(9) Goodwill and Intangible Assets, net

The following table presents identifiable finite and indefinite-lived intangible assets, accumulated amortization, and goodwill by operating segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate:

	As of September 30, 2021						As of December 31, 2020
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets:	Insurance		Other		Total		Insurance		Other		Total
Customer relationships	$	143,300	$	—	$	143,300	$	143,300	$	—	$	143,300
Accumulated amortization	(42,566)		—		(42,566)		(32,263)		—		(32,263)
Trade names	14,750		800		15,550		14,750		800		15,550
Accumulated amortization	(5,326)		(500)		(5,826)		(4,382)		(440)		(4,822)
Software licensing	9,300		640		9,940		9,300		640		9,940
Accumulated amortization	(8,757)		(569)		(9,326)		(8,650)		(503)		(9,153)
Insurance policies and contracts acquired	36,500		—		36,500		36,500		—		36,500
Accumulated amortization	(36,302)		—		(36,302)		(36,238)		—		(36,238)
Other	640		—		640		640		—		640
Accumulated amortization	(146)		—		(146)		—		—		—
Total finite-lived intangible assets	111,393		371		111,764		122,957		497		123,454
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets: (1)
Insurance licensing agreements	13,761		—		13,761		13,761		—		13,761
Other	—		1,124		1,124		—		1,000		1,000
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets	13,761		1,124		14,885		13,761		1,000		14,761
Total intangible assets, net	$	125,154	$	1,495	$	126,649	$	136,718	$	1,497	$	138,215
Goodwill	177,395		1,708		179,103		177,528		1,708		179,236
Total goodwill and intangible assets, net	$	302,549	$	3,203	$	305,752	$	314,246	$	3,205	$	317,451

(1)    Impairment tests are performed at least annually on indefinite-lived intangible assets.

Goodwill

The following table presents the activity in goodwill, by operating segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate, and includes the adjustments made to the balance of goodwill to reflect the effect of the final valuation adjustments made for acquisitions, as well as the reduction to any goodwill attributable to impairment related charges:

	Insurance		Other		Total
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	177,528	$	1,708	$	179,236
Purchase accounting adjustment (1)	(133)		—		(133)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	177,395	$	1,708	$	179,103
Accumulated impairments	$	—	$	699	$	699

(1) Relates to adjustments during the measurement period as permitted under ASC 805 for the final valuation of acquisition in our insurance business as of December 31, 2020.

The Company conducts annual impairment tests of its goodwill as of October 1. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, no impairments were recorded on the Company’s goodwill.

Intangible Assets, net

The following table presents the activity, by operating segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate, in finite and indefinite-lived other intangible assets and includes the adjustments made to the balance to reflect the effect of any final valuation adjustments made for acquisitions, as well as any reduction attributable to impairment-related charges:

	Insurance		Other		Total
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	136,718	$	1,497	$	138,215
Intangibles acquired	—		124		124
Less: amortization expense	(11,564)		(126)		(11,690)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	125,154	$	1,495	$	126,649

F - 24

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

The following table presents the amortization expense on finite-lived intangible assets for the following periods:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Amortization expense on intangible assets	$	3,892	$	2,326	$	11,690	$	7,175

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, no impairments were recorded on the Company’s intangible assets.

The following table presents the amortization expense on finite-lived intangible assets for the next five years and thereafter by operating segment and/or reporting unit, as appropriate:

	As of September 30, 2021
	Insurance		Other		Total
Remainder of 2021	$	3,842	$	44	$	3,886
2022	15,852		127		15,979
2023	15,031		80		15,111
2024	13,344		80		13,424
2025	11,229		40		11,269
2026 and thereafter	52,095		—		52,095
Total	$	111,393	$	371	$	111,764

(10) Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging

The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments as part of its overall investment and hedging activities. Derivative contracts are subject to additional risk that can result in a loss of all or part of an investment. The Company’s derivative activities are primarily classified by underlying credit risk and interest rate risk. In addition, the Company is also subject to additional counterparty risk should its counterparties fail to meet the contract terms. The derivative financial instruments are reported in other investments. Derivative liabilities are reported within other liabilities and accrued expenses.

Derivatives, at fair value

Interest Rate Lock Commitments

The Company enters into interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs) with customers in connection with its mortgage banking activities to fund residential mortgage loans with certain terms at specified times in the future. IRLCs that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be classified as held-for-sale are considered derivative instruments under applicable accounting guidance. As such, these IRLCs are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value typically resulting in recognition of a gain when the Company enters into IRLCs. In estimating the fair value of an IRLC, the Company assigns a probability that the loan commitment will be exercised and the loan will be funded (“pull through”). The fair value of the commitments is derived from the fair value of related mortgage loans, net of estimated costs to complete. Outstanding IRLCs expose the Company to the risk that the price of the loans underlying the commitments might decline from inception of the rate lock to funding of the loan. To manage this risk, the Company utilizes forward delivery contracts and to be announced (TBA) mortgage backed securities to economically hedge the risk of potential changes in the value of the loans that would result from the commitments.

Forward Delivery Contracts and TBA Mortgage Backed Securities

The Company enters into forward delivery contracts with loan aggregators and other investors as one of the tools to manage the interest rate risk associated with IRLCs and loans held for sale. In addition, the Company enters into TBA mortgage backed securities which facilitate hedging and funding by allowing the Company to prearrange prices for mortgages that are in the process of originating. The Company utilizes these hedging instruments for Agency (Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac) and FHA/VA (Ginnie Mae) eligible IRLCs.

F - 25

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

The following table presents the gross notional and fair value amounts of derivatives (on a gross basis) categorized by underlying risk:

	As of September 30, 2021						As of December 31, 2020
	Notional values		Asset derivatives		Liability derivatives		Notional values		Asset derivatives		Liability derivatives
Interest rate lock commitments	$	329,115	$	9,265	$	—	$	219,929	$	9,207	$	—
Forward delivery contracts	61,782		112		19		35,979		—		22
TBA mortgage backed securities	331,000		1,267		321		291,000		232		1,508
Other	7,603		222		2,567		3,058		2,090		560
Total	$	729,500	$	10,866	$	2,907	$	549,966	$	11,529	$	2,090

(11) Debt, net

The following table presents the balance of the Company’s debt obligations, net of discounts and deferred financing costs.

	Stated maturity date	Stated interest rate or range of rates		Maximum borrowing capacity as of		As of
Debt Type				September 30, 2021		September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Corporate debt
Secured revolving credit agreements (1)	August 2023	Base/Swing:		$	200,000	$	1,740	$	—
		Prime +	1.25%
		LIBOR:
		LIBOR +	2.25%
Secured term credit agreements	February 2025	LIBOR (1.00% Floor) +	6.75%	115,625		115,625		120,313
Preferred trust securities	June 2037	LIBOR +	4.10%	35,000		35,000		35,000
Junior subordinated notes	October 2057	8.50%		125,000		125,000		125,000
Total corporate debt						277,365		280,313
Asset based debt (2)
Asset based revolving financing	October 2023	LIBOR +	2.75%	75,000		33,350		27,510
Residential mortgage warehouse borrowings (3)	April 2022 -	LIBOR (0.5% Floor) +	1.88%	110,000		61,798		55,994
	August 2022	to LIBOR (1.00% Floor) +	3.00%
Vessel backed term loan	November 2024	LIBOR +	4.75%	14,150		14,150		15,800
Total asset based debt						109,298		99,304
Total debt, face value						386,663		379,617
Unamortized discount, net						(1,599)		(2,035)
Unamortized deferred financing costs						(10,222)		(11,336)
Total debt, net						$	374,842	$	366,246

(1)    The secured revolving credit agreements provide a two rate structure at the Company’s discretion.

(2)    Asset based debt is generally recourse only to specific assets and related cash flows.

(3)    The weighted average coupon rate for residential mortgage warehouse borrowings was 2.25% and 2.75% at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

The following table presents the amount of interest expense the Company incurred on its debt for the following periods:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Interest expense - corporate debt	$	6,038	$	6,110	$	18,402	$	17,278
Interest expense - asset based debt	2,573		2,211		8,262		6,240
Interest expense on debt	$	8,611	$	8,321	$	26,664	$	23,518

F - 26

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

The following table presents the contractual principal payments and future maturities of the unpaid principal balance on the Company’s debt for the following periods:

	As of
	September 30, 2021
Remainder of 2021	$	2,112
2022	70,248
2023	43,540
2024	15,450
2025	95,313
2026 and thereafter	160,000
Total	$	386,663

Asset Based Debt

Residential Mortgage Warehouse Borrowings

In March 2021, a $60,000 warehouse line of credit was renewed and the maturity date was extended from April 2021 to April 2022. In July 2021, a $50,000 warehouse line of credit was renewed and the maturity date was extended from August 2021 to August 2022.

As of September 30, 2021, the Company is in compliance with the representations and covenants for its outstanding debt or has obtained waivers for any events of non-compliance.

(12) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible to measure a financial instrument’s fair value. Observable inputs reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability, and are affected by the type of product, whether the product is traded on an active exchange or in the secondary market, as well as current market conditions. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Fair value is estimated by applying the hierarchy discussed in Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s fair value measurements are based primarily on a market approach, which utilizes prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable financial instruments. Sources of inputs to the market approach include third-party pricing services, independent broker quotations and pricing matrices. Management analyzes the third-party valuation methodologies and its related inputs to perform assessments to determine the appropriate level within the fair value hierarchy and to assess reliability of values. Further, management has a process in place to review all changes in fair value that occurred during each measurement period. Any discrepancies or unusual observations are followed through to resolution through the source of the pricing as well as utilizing comparisons, if applicable, to alternate pricing sources.

The Company utilizes observable and unobservable inputs within its valuation methodologies. Observable inputs may include: benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data. In addition, specific issuer information and other market data is used. Broker quotes are obtained from sources recognized to be market participants. Unobservable inputs may include: expected cash flow streams, default rates, supply and demand considerations and market volatility.

Available for Sale Securities, at fair value

F - 27

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

The fair values of AFS securities are based on prices provided by an independent pricing service and a third-party investment manager. The Company obtains an understanding of the methods, models and inputs used by the independent pricing service and the third-party investment manager by analyzing the investment manager-provided pricing report.

The following details the methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of AFS securities and the applicable level each security falls within the fair value hierarchy:

U.S. Treasury Securities, Obligations of U.S. Government Authorities and Agencies, Obligations of State and Political Subdivisions, Corporate Securities, Asset Backed Securities, and Obligations of Foreign Governments: Fair values were obtained from an independent pricing service and a third-party investment manager. The prices provided by the independent pricing service and third-party investment manager are based on quoted market prices, when available, non-binding broker quotes, or matrix pricing and fall under Level 2 or Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Certificates of Deposit: The estimated fair value of certificates of deposit approximate carrying value and fall under Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Equity Securities

The fair values of publicly traded common and preferred equity securities and exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) are obtained from market value quotations provided by an independent pricing service and fall under Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair values of non-publicly traded common and preferred stocks are based on prices obtained from an independent pricing service using unobservable inputs and fall under Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Loans, at fair value

Corporate Loans: These loans are comprised of a diversified portfolio of middle market and broadly syndicated leveraged loans and are generally classified under either Level 2 or Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. To determine fair value, the Company uses quoted prices which include those provided from pricing vendors, where available. We perform internal price verification procedures to ensure that the prices and quotes provided from the independent pricing vendors are reasonable. Such verification procedures include comparison of pricing sources and analysis of variances among pricing sources. The Company has evaluated each loan’s respective liquidity and has additionally performed valuation benchmarking. The key characteristics which were evaluated as part of this determination were liquidity ratings, price changes to index benchmarks, depth of quotes, credit ratings and industry trends.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale: Mortgage loans held for sale are generally classified under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy and fair value is based upon forward sales contracts with third-party investors, including estimated loan costs.

Derivative Assets and Liabilities

Derivatives are primarily comprised of IRLCs, forward delivery contracts and TBA mortgage backed securities. The fair value of these instruments is based upon valuation pricing models, which represent the amount the Company would expect to receive or pay at the balance sheet date to exit the position. Our mortgage origination subsidiaries issue IRLCs to their customers, which are carried at estimated fair value on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The estimated fair values of these commitments are generally calculated by reference to the value of the underlying loan associated with the IRLC net of costs to produce and an expected pull through assumption. The fair values of these commitments generally fall under Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Our mortgage origination subsidiaries manage their exposure by entering into forward delivery commitments with loan investors. For loans not locked with investors under a forward delivery commitment, the Company enters into hedge instruments, primarily TBAs, to protect against movements in interest rates. The fair values of TBA mortgage backed securities and forward delivery contracts generally fall under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Corporate Bonds

F - 28

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

Corporate bonds are generally classified under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy and fair value is provided by a third-party investment manager, based on quoted market prices. We perform internal price verification procedures monthly to ensure that the prices provided are reasonable.

Trade Claims

Trade claims represent unsecured claims of bankrupt companies and are generally classified under Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value is determined using valuation methodologies that consider a range of factors, including but not limited to the price at which the investment was acquired, the nature of the investment, local market conditions, current and projected operating performance, and financing transactions subsequent to the acquisition of the investment. The inputs are intended to reflect the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased

Securities sold, not yet purchased are generally classified under Level 1 or Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, based on the leveling of the securities sold short, and fair value is provided by a third-party investment manager, based on quoted market prices. We perform internal price verification procedures monthly to ensure that the prices provided are reasonable.

Mortgage Servicing Rights

Mortgage servicing rights are classified under Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy and fair value is provided by a third-party valuation service. Various observable and unobservable inputs are used to determine fair value, including discount rate, cost to service and weighted average prepayment speed.

The following tables present the Company’s fair value hierarchies for financial assets and liabilities, measured on a recurring basis:

F - 29

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

	As of September 30, 2021
	Quoted prices in active markets Level 1		Other significant  observable inputs  Level 2		Significant unobservable inputs Level 3		Fair value
Assets:
Available for sale securities, at fair value:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	—	$	305,247	$	—	$	305,247
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	—		55,618		—		55,618
Obligations of foreign governments	—		2,622		—		2,622
Certificates of deposit	856		—		—		856
Asset backed securities	—		33,562		680		34,242
Corporate securities	—		142,536		—		142,536
Total available for sale securities, at fair value	856		539,585		680		541,121
Loans, at fair value:
Corporate loans	—		—		2,099		2,099
Mortgage loans held for sale	—		87,227		—		87,227
Total loans, at fair value	—		87,227		2,099		89,326
Equity securities:
Invesque	35,323		—		—		35,323
Fixed income ETFs	39,694		—		—		39,694
Other equity securities	64,366		—		35		64,401
Total equity securities	139,383		—		35		139,418
Other investments, at fair value:
Corporate bonds	—		44,217		—		44,217
Derivative assets	222		1,379		9,265		10,866
Trade claims	—		—		10,974		10,974
CLOs	—		—		539		539
Total other investments, at fair value	222		45,596		20,778		66,596
Mortgage servicing rights (1)	—		—		26,361		26,361
Total	$	140,461	$	672,408	$	49,953	$	862,822
Liabilities: (2)
Securities sold, not yet purchased	$	6,266	$	—	$	—	$	6,266
Derivative liabilities			2,907		—		2,907
Contingent consideration payable	—		—		200		200
Total	$	6,266	$	2,907	$	200	$	9,373

(1)    Included in other assets.

(2)    Included in other liabilities and accrued expenses.

F - 30

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

	As of December 31, 2020
	Quoted prices in active markets Level 1		Other significant  observable inputs  Level 2		Significant unobservable inputs Level 3		Fair value
Assets:
Available for sale securities, at fair value:
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government authorities and agencies	$	—	$	196,303	$	—	$	196,303
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	—		44,350		—		44,350
Obligations of foreign governments	—		3,992		—		3,992
Certificates of deposit	1,355		—		—		1,355
Asset backed securities	—		35,334		858		36,192
Corporate securities	—		94,941		—		94,941
Total available for sale securities, at fair value	1,355		374,920		858		377,133
Loans, at fair value:
Corporate loans	—		—		7,795		7,795
Mortgage loans held for sale	—		82,937		—		82,937
Total loans, at fair value	—		82,937		7,795		90,732
Equity securities:
Invesque	31,078		—		—		31,078
Fixed income ETFs	63,875		—		—		63,875
Other equity securities	28,850		—		35		28,885
Total equity securities	123,803		—		35		123,838
Other investments, at fair value:
Corporate bonds	—		105,777		—		105,777
Derivative assets	2,090		232		9,207		11,529
CLOs	—		—		802		802
Total other investments, at fair value	2,090		106,009		10,009		118,108
Mortgage servicing rights (1)	—		—		14,758		14,758
Total	$	127,248	$	563,866	$	33,455	$	724,569
Liabilities: (2)
Securities sold, not yet purchased	$	16,479	$	30,158	$	—	$	46,637
Derivative liabilities	—		2,090		—		2,090
Contingent consideration payable	—		—		200		200
Total	$	16,479	$	32,248	$	200	$	48,927
(1) Included in other assets. (2) Included in other liabilities and accrued expenses.

F - 31

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

Transfers between Level 2 and 3 were a result of subjecting third-party pricing on assets to various liquidity, depth, bid-ask spread and benchmarking criteria as well as assessing the availability of observable inputs affecting their fair valuation.

The following table presents additional information about assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for which the Company has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value for the following periods:    

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
Balance at January 1,	$	33,455	$	32,470
Net realized and unrealized gains or losses included in:
Earnings	12,664		(500)
OCI	(178)		(683)
Origination of IRLCs	84,034		90,474
Purchases	15,336		684
Sales	(11,382)		(4,960)
Conversions to mortgage loans held for sale	(83,976)		(86,325)
Balance at September 30,	$	49,953	$	31,160
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings related to assets still held at period end	$	2,298	$	(7,056)
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in OCI related to assets still held at period end	$	(178)	$	(683)

The following table presents the range and weighted average (WA) used to develop significant unobservable inputs for the fair value measurements of Level 3 assets and liabilities.

	As of						As of
	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020				September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
					Valuation technique	Unobservable input(s) (1)
Assets	Fair Value						Range			WA	Range			WA
IRLCs	$	9,265	$	9,207	Internal model	Pull through rate	55%	to	95%	67%	50%	to	95%	68%
Mortgage servicing rights	26,361		14,758		External model	Discount rate	10%	to	13%	10%	10%	to	13%	11%
						Cost to service	$75	to	$90	$81	$75	to	$90	$82
						Prepayment speed	4%	to	69%	15%	8%	to	60%	22%
Total	$	35,626	$	23,965
Liabilities
Contingent consideration payable - Smart AutoCare	$	200	$	200	Cash Flow Model	Forecast Cash EBITDA	$20,000	to	$30,000	N/A	$20,000	to	$30,000	N/A
					Actuarial Analysis	Assumed Claim Liabilities	$55,000				$55,000
Total	$	200	$	200

(1)    Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the instruments.

F - 32

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities that are not recorded at fair value and their respective levels within the fair value hierarchy:

	As of September 30, 2021					As of December 31, 2020
	Level within fair value hierarchy	Fair value		Carrying value		Level within fair value hierarchy	Fair value		Carrying value
Assets:
Debentures (1)	2	$	20,753	$	20,753	2	$	17,703	$	17,703
Notes receivable, net	2	75,448		75,448		2	62,075		62,075
Total assets		$	96,201	$	96,201		$	79,778	$	79,778
Liabilities:
Debt, net	3	$	404,564	$	385,064	3	$	392,951	$	377,582
Total liabilities		$	404,564	$	385,064		$	392,951	$	377,582

(1)    Included in other investments.

Debentures: Since interest rates on debentures are at current market rates for similar credit risks, the carrying amount approximates fair value. These values are net of allowance for doubtful accounts.

Notes Receivable, net: To the extent that carrying amounts differ from fair value, fair value is determined based on contractual cash flows discounted at market rates for similar credits. Categorized under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. See Note (7) Notes and Accounts Receivable, net.

Debt: The carrying value, which approximates fair value of LIBOR based debt, represents the total debt balance at face value excluding the unamortized discount. The fair value of the Junior subordinated notes is determined based on dealer quotes. Categorized under Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Additionally, the following financial assets and liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets are not carried at fair value, but whose carrying amounts approximate their fair value:

Cash and Cash Equivalents: The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost which approximates fair value. Categorized under Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

Accounts and Premiums Receivable, net, Retrospective Commissions Receivable and Other Receivables: The carrying amounts approximate fair value since no interest rate is charged on these short duration assets. Categorized under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. See Note (7) Notes and Accounts Receivable, net.

Due from Brokers, Dealers, and Trustees and Due to Brokers, Dealers and Trustees: The carrying amounts are included in other assets and other liabilities and accrued expenses and approximate their fair value due to their short term nature. Categorized under Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

F - 33

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

(13) Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses

Roll forward of Claim Liability

The following table presents the activity in the net liability for unpaid losses and allocated loss adjustment expenses of short duration contracts for the following periods:

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
Policy liabilities and unpaid claims balance as of January 1,	$	233,438	$	144,384
Less: liabilities of policy-holder account balances, gross	(5,419)		(11,589)
Less: non-insurance warranty benefit claim liabilities	(30,664)		(85)
Gross liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	197,355		132,710
Less: reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses - short duration	(113,163)		(88,599)
Less: other lines, gross	(247)		(230)
Net balance as of January 1, short duration	83,945		43,881
Incurred (short duration) related to:
Current year	176,644		111,979
Prior years	3,866		12,924
Total incurred	180,510		124,903
Paid (short duration) related to:
Current year	116,175		92,541
Prior years	6,379		8,206
Total paid	122,554		100,747
Net balance as of September 30, short duration	141,901		68,037
Plus: reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses - short duration	154,513		103,372
Plus: other lines, gross	397		581
Gross liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses	296,811		171,990
Plus: liabilities of policy-holder account balances, gross	1,690		6,806
Plus: non-insurance warranty benefit claim liabilities	15,113		32,402
Policy liabilities and unpaid claims balance as of September 30,	$	313,614	$	211,198

The following schedule reconciles the total short duration contracts per the table above to the amount of total losses incurred as presented in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, excluding the amount for member benefit claims:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Short duration incurred	$	61,061	$	42,559	$	180,510	$	124,903
Other lines incurred	10		1		55		1
Unallocated loss adjustment expenses	181		360		679		450
Total losses incurred	$	61,252	$	42,920	$	181,244	$	125,354

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company experienced an increase in prior year development of $3,866, primarily as a result of higher-than-expected claim severity from business written by a small group of producers of our personal and commercial lines of business.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company experienced an increase in prior year development of $12,924, primarily from its non-standard auto, light commercial and collateral protection lines of business.

Management considers the prior year development for each of the two years to be insignificant in the context of our annual earned premiums, net as well as our net losses and loss adjustment expenses and member benefit claims expenses. We analyze our development on a quarterly basis and given the short duration nature of our products, favorable or adverse

F - 34

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

development emerges quickly and allows for timely reserve strengthening, if necessary, or modifications to our product pricing or offerings.

Based upon our internal analysis, we believe that the amounts recorded for policy liabilities and unpaid claims reasonably represents the amount necessary to pay all claims and related expenses which may arise from incidents that have occurred as of the balance sheet date.

(14) Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company’s revenues from insurance and warranty operations are primarily accounted for under Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944) that are not within the scope of Revenue for Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The Company’s remaining revenues that are within the scope of Topic 606 are primarily comprised of revenues from contracts with customers for monthly membership dues for motor clubs, monthly administration fees for services provided for premiums, claims and reinsurance processing revenues, vehicle service contracts, vessel related revenue and warranty coverage revenues for household goods and appliances (collectively, remaining contracts).

The following table presents the disaggregated amounts of revenue from contracts with customers by product type for the following periods:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Service and Administrative Fees:
Warranty coverage revenue	$	43,094	$	25,888	$	111,970	$	68,318
Motor club revenue	11,038		8,566		29,694		27,329
Vessel related revenue	11,426		5,517		25,043		17,218
Other	3,256		1,495		15,589		4,586
Revenue from contracts with customers	$	68,814	$	41,466	$	182,296	$	117,451

Service and Administrative Fees

Service fee revenue is recognized as the services are performed. These services include fulfillment, software development, and claims handling for our customers. Management reviews the financial results under each significant contract on a monthly basis. Any losses that may occur due to a specific contract would be recognized in the period in which the loss is determined probable.

Administrative fee revenue includes the administration of premium associated with our producers and their producer owned reinsurance companies (PORCs). In addition, we also earn fee revenue from debt cancellation programs, motor club programs, and warranty programs. Related administrative fee revenue is recognized consistent with the earnings recognition pattern of the underlying insurance policies, debt cancellation contracts and motor club memberships being administered, using Rule of 78's, modified Rule of 78's, pro rata, or other methods as appropriate for the contract. Management selects the appropriate method based on available information, and periodically reviews the selections as additional information becomes available.

We do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations pertaining to contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less. The transaction price allocated to remaining unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations with an original expected duration exceeding one year was not material at September 30, 2021.

The timing of our revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment by our customers. We record a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to payment and we have an unconditional right to payment. Alternatively, when payment precedes the provision of the related services, we record deferred revenue until the performance obligations are satisfied.

Vessel Related Revenue

The Company generates its revenues from charterers for the charter hire of its vessels. Vessels are chartered under time or voyage charters, where a contract is entered into for the use of a vessel for a specific voyage or a specific period of time and

F - 35

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

at a specified daily charter rate. Charter revenues are recognized as earned on the straight-line basis over the term of the charter as service is provided.

Revenue is recognized when a charter agreement exists, the vessel is made available to the charterer and collection of the related revenue is reasonably assured. Unearned revenue includes revenue received prior to the balance sheet date relating to services to be rendered after the balance sheet date.

The following table presents the activity in the significant deferred assets and liabilities related to revenue from contracts with customers for the following period:

	January 1, 2021						September 30, 2021
	Beginning balance		Additions		Amortization		Ending balance
Deferred acquisition costs
Service and Administrative Fees:
Warranty coverage revenue	$	48,734	$	68,905	$	21,060	$	96,579
Motor club revenue	13,081		27,051		23,026		17,106
Total	$	61,815	$	95,956	$	44,086	$	113,685

Deferred revenue
Service and Administrative Fees:
Warranty coverage revenue	$	348,391	$	213,795	$	111,970	$	450,216
Motor club revenue	16,969		34,474		29,694		21,749
Total	$	365,360	$	248,269	$	141,664	$	471,965

For the periods presented, no write-offs for unrecoverable deferred acquisition costs and deferred revenue were recognized.

(15) Other Assets and Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses

Other Assets

The following table presents the components of other assets as reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of
	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Loans eligible for repurchase	$	48,452	$	70,593
Mortgage servicing rights	26,361		14,758
Right of use asset - Operating leases (1)	24,838		27,291
Income tax receivable	21,048		19,513
Furniture, fixtures and equipment, net	15,213		15,798
Prepaid expenses	9,184		8,159
Other	7,842		5,922
Total other assets	$	152,938	$	162,034

(1)    See Note (21) Commitments and Contingencies for additional information.

The following table presents the depreciation expense related to furniture, fixtures and equipment for the following periods:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Depreciation expense related to furniture, fixtures and equipment	$	893	$	743	$	2,666	$	2,254

F - 36

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

Other Liabilities and Accrued Expenses

The following table presents the components of other liabilities and accrued expenses as reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets:

	As of
	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	130,273	$	106,142
Loans eligible for repurchase liability	48,452		70,593
Deferred tax liabilities, net	32,801		24,183
Operating lease liability (1)	30,407		32,914
Due to brokers	18,819		45,047
Commissions payable	15,640		18,678
Securities sold, not yet purchased	6,266		46,637
Other	22,861		18,671
Total other liabilities and accrued expenses	$	305,519	$	362,865

(1)    See Note (21) Commitments and Contingencies for additional information.

(16) Other Revenue and Other Expenses

Other Revenue

The following table presents the components of other revenue as reported in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. Other revenue is primarily generated by Tiptree Capital’s non-insurance activities except as noted in the footnote to the table.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Other investment income (1)	$	17,890	$	11,667	$	45,060	$	36,414
Gain (loss) on sale of businesses (2)	(386)		—		(1,175)		—
Other (3)	3,554		1,116		8,352		5,560
Total other revenue	$	21,058	$	12,783	$	52,237	$	41,974

(1)    See Note (6) Investments for the components of Other investment income.

(2)    Relates to the impairment of Luxury. See Note (4) Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale.

(3)    Includes $3,458 and $1,047 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $8,045 and $5,305 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to Insurance.

Other Expenses

The following table presents the components of other expenses as reported in the condensed consolidated statement of operations:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
General and administrative	$	9,334	$	5,523	$	27,397	$	16,376
Professional fees	5,656		3,837		20,649		15,709
Premium taxes	4,892		4,201		14,754		11,746
Mortgage origination expenses	4,366		3,673		12,821		10,811
Rent and related	4,170		3,529		12,556		10,326
Operating expenses from vessels	3,444		3,318		9,770		10,226
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		—		353
Other	2,517		1,411		6,393		5,190
Total other expenses	$	34,379	$	25,492	$	104,340	$	80,737

F - 37

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

(17) Stockholders’ Equity

Stock Repurchases

The Board of Directors authorized the Company to make repurchases of up to $20,000 of shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock in the aggregate, at the discretion of the Company's Executive Committee. The following table presents the Company’s stock repurchase activity and remaining authorization.

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Number of shares purchased	Weighted average price per share
Share repurchase plan	528,662	$	5.45
Remaining repurchase authorization		$	13,669

Warrants

In April 2021, warrants were exercised for 207,445 shares of Tiptree common stock. As of September 30, 2021, there were warrants for 2,016,044 shares of Tiptree common stock outstanding at an exercise price of $6.99.

Dividends

The Company declared cash dividends per share for the following periods presented below:

	Dividends per share for the
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
First quarter	$	0.04	$	0.04
Second quarter	0.04		0.04
Third quarter (1)	0.04		0.04
Total cash dividends declared	$	0.12	$	0.12

(1)    See Note (24) Subsequent Events for when the dividend was declared.

Statutory Reporting and Insurance Company Subsidiaries Dividend Restrictions

The Company’s U.S. insurance subsidiaries prepare financial statements in accordance with Statutory Accounting Principles (SAP) prescribed or permitted by the insurance departments of their states of domicile. Prescribed SAP includes the Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (the NAIC) as well as state laws, regulations and administrative rules.

Statutory Capital and Surplus

The Company’s insurance company subsidiaries must maintain minimum amounts of statutory capital and surplus as required

by regulatory authorities, including the NAIC; their capital and surplus levels exceeded respective minimum requirements as

of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Statutory Dividends

The Company’s U.S. domiciled insurance company subsidiaries may pay dividends to the Company, subject to statutory restrictions. Payments in excess of statutory restrictions (extraordinary dividends) to the Company are permitted only with prior approval of the insurance department of the applicable state of domicile. The Company eliminates all dividends from its subsidiaries in the condensed consolidated financial statements. There were no dividends paid to the Company by its U.S. domiciled insurance company subsidiaries for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

F - 38

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

The following table presents the combined amount available for ordinary dividends of the Company's U.S. domiciled insurance company subsidiaries for the following periods:

	As of
	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Amount available for ordinary dividends of the Company's insurance company subsidiaries	$	18,519	$	13,418

At September 30, 2021, the maximum amount of dividends that our U.S. domiciled regulated insurance company subsidiaries could pay under applicable laws and regulations without regulatory approval was approximately $18,519. The Company may seek regulatory approval to pay dividends in excess of this permitted amount, but there can be no assurance that the Company would receive regulatory approval if sought.

(18) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents the activity of AFS securities in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI), net of tax, for the following periods:

	Total AOCI		Amount attributable to non-controlling interests			Total AOCI to Tiptree Inc.
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	1,711		$	(13)	$	1,698
Other comprehensive income (losses) before reclassifications	4,108			(21)		4,087
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	(165)			—		(165)
OCI	3,943			(21)		3,922
Adoption of accounting standard (1)	42			—		42
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	5,696		$	(34)	$	5,662
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	5,702		$	(28)	$	5,674
Other comprehensive income (losses) before reclassifications	(4,054)			18		(4,036)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	(481)			—		(481)
OCI	(4,535)			18		(4,517)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	1,167		$	(10)	$	1,157

(1)    Amounts reclassified to retained earnings due to adoption of ASU 2016-13. See Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

The following table presents the reclassification adjustments out of AOCI included in net income and the impacted line items on the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the following periods:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Affected line item in condensed consolidated statements of operations
Components of AOCI	2021		2020		2021		2020
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities	$	296	$	115	$	616	$	211	Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
Related tax (expense) benefit	(62)		(20)		(135)		(46)		Provision for income tax
Net of tax	$	234	$	95	$	481	$	165

F - 39

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

(19) Stock Based Compensation

Equity Plans

2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan

The Company adopted the Tiptree 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (2017 Equity Plan) on June 6, 2017, which permits the grant of restricted stock units (RSUs), stock, and stock options up to a maximum of 6,100,000 shares of common stock. The general purpose of the 2017 Equity Plan is to attract, motivate and retain selected employees and directors for the Company and its subsidiaries, to provide them with incentives and rewards for performance and to better align their interests with the interests of the Company’s stockholders. Unless otherwise extended, the 2017 Equity Plan terminates automatically on June 6, 2027. The table below summarizes changes to the issuances under the Company’s 2017 Equity Plan for the periods indicated, excluding awards granted under the Company’s subsidiary incentive plans that are exchangeable for Tiptree common stock:

2017 Equity Plan	Number of shares (1)
Available for issuance as of December 31, 2020	3,788,417
RSU, stock and option awards granted	(50,251)
Exchanged for vested subsidiary awards	(1,158,009)
Available for issuance as of September 30, 2021	2,580,157

(1)    Excludes awards granted under the Company’s subsidiary incentive plans that are exchangeable for Tiptree common stock.

Restricted Stock Units and Stock Awards

Tiptree Corporate Incentive Plans

The Company values RSUs at their grant-date fair value as measured by Tiptree’s common stock price. Generally, the Tiptree RSUs vest and become non-forfeitable with respect to one-third of Tiptree shares granted on each of the first, second and third year anniversaries of the date of the grant, and expensed using the straight-line method over the requisite service period.

Stock Awards - Directors’ Compensation

The Company values the stock awards at their issuance-date fair value as measured by Tiptree’s common stock price. Upon issuance, the awards are deemed to be granted and immediately vested.

The following table presents changes to the issuances of RSUs and stock awards under the 2017 Equity Plan for the periods indicated:

	Number of shares issuable	Weighted average grant date fair value
Unvested units as of December 31, 2020	953,145	$	6.52
Granted	50,251	7.21
Vested	(404,384)	6.51
Unvested units as of September 30, 2021	599,012	$	6.59

The following tables present the detail of the granted and vested RSUs and stock awards for the periods indicated:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,			Nine Months Ended September 30,
Granted	2021	2020	Vested	2021	2020
Directors	50,251	56,485	Directors	50,251	56,485
Employees (1)	—	469,257	Employees	354,133	474,721
Total Granted	50,251	525,742	Total Vested	404,384	531,206
			Taxes	(34,828)	(53,438)
			Net Vested	369,556	477,768

(1)    Includes 256,619 shares that vest ratably over three years and 212,638 shares that cliff vest in February 2023 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

F - 40

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

Tiptree Senior Management Incentive Plan

On August 4, 2021, a total of 3,500,000 Performance Restricted Stock Units (PRSUs) were awarded to members of the Company’s senior management. The PRSUs have a 10-year term and are subject to the recipient’s continuous service and a market requirement. A portion of the PRSUs will generally vest upon the achievement of each of five Tiptree share price target milestones ranging from $15 to $60, adjusted for dividends paid, within five pre-established determination periods (subject to a catch-up vesting mechanism) occurring on the second, fourth, sixth, eighth and tenth anniversaries of the grant date.

Upon vesting, the Company will issue shares or if shares are not available under the 2017 Equity Plan, then the Company may in its sole discretion instead deliver cash equal to the fair market value of the underlying shares. As of September 30, 2021, the Company does not have sufficient shares available in the 2017 Equity Plan to settle the PRSUs awarded; as such, the PRSUs are classified as liability awards and will be remeasured at each reporting date until the date of settlement, and expensed using the straight-line method over the requisite service period.

The fair value of the PRSUs are estimated on the date of grant and at each subsequent reporting date using a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing formula embedded within a Monte Carlo model used to simulate the future stock prices of the Company, which assumes that the market requirement is achieved. The historical volatility is computed based on historical daily returns of the Company’s stock price simulated over the performance period using a lookback period of 10 years. The valuation is done under a risk-neutral framework using the 10-year zero-coupon risk-free interest rate derived from the Treasury Constant Maturities yield curve on the reporting date. The current quarterly dividend rates in effect as of the reporting date are used to calculate a spot dividend yield for use in the model.

The following table presents the assumptions used to remeasure the fair value of the PRSUs as of September 30, 2021, which were granted in 2021 and classified as liability awards.

Valuation Input	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Assumption	Average
Historical volatility	34.29%	34.43%
Risk-free rate	1.55%	1.38%
Dividend yield	1.59%	1.40%
Cost of Equity	9.84%	9.88%
Expected term (years)	10	10

As of September 30, 2021, all PRSUs are unvested.

Subsidiary Incentive Plans

Certain of the Company’s subsidiaries have established incentive plans under which they are authorized to issue equity of those subsidiaries to certain of their employees. Such awards are accounted for as equity. These awards are subject to performance-vesting criteria based on the performance of the subsidiary (performance vesting awards) and time-vesting subject to continued employment (time vesting awards). Following the service period, such vested awards may be exchanged at fair market value, at the option of the holder, for Tiptree common stock under the 2017 Equity Plan. The service period for certain grants has been achieved and those vested subsidiary awards are currently eligible for exchange. The Company has the option, but not the obligation to settle the exchange right in cash.

F - 41

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

The following table presents changes to the issuances of subsidiary awards under the subsidiary incentive plans for the periods indicated:

	Grant date fair value of equity shares issuable
Unvested balance as of December 31, 2020	$	4,305
Granted	1,278
Vested	(3,466)
Unvested balance as of September 30, 2021	$	2,117

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, vested subsidiary awards were exchanged for 1,158,009 shares of Tiptree common stock and $50 in cash, for a total exchange award value of $12,168. Additionally, vested subsidiary units were repurchased under the subsidiary purchase plan for cash of $1,079. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, vested subsidiary awards were exchanged for cash, for a total exchange award value of $1,807.

The net vested balance of subsidiary awards eligible for exchange as of September 30, 2021 translates to 1,875,284 shares of Tiptree common stock.

Stock Option Awards

Tiptree Corporate Incentive Plans

Option awards have been granted to the Executive Committee with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. The option awards have a 10-year term and are subject to the recipient’s continuous service, a market requirement, and vest one third on each of the three, four, and five year anniversaries of the grant date. The market requirement is the Company's 20-day volume weighted average per share trading price plus actual cash dividends paid following issuance of the option that exceeds the book value on the option grant date. If the service condition is met, the full amount of the compensation expense will be recognized over the appropriate vesting period whether the market requirement is met or not. The options granted after 2017 include a retirement provision and are amortized over the lesser of the service condition or expected retirement date. There were no options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Book value targets for grants in 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are $11.52, $10.79, $9.97, $10.14 and $8.96, respectively.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, book value targets for all outstanding options were achieved.

The fair value option grants are estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing formula embedded within a Monte Carlo model used to simulate the future stock prices of the Company, which assumes that the market requirement is achieved. Historical volatility was computed based on historical daily returns of the Company’s stock between the grant date and July 1, 2013, the date of the business combination through which Tiptree became a public company. The valuation is done under a risk-neutral framework using the 10-year zero-coupon risk-free interest rate derived from the Treasury Constant Maturities yield curve on the grant date. The current quarterly dividend rates in effect as of the date of the grant are used to calculate a spot dividend yield as of the date of grant for use in the model.

There were no stock option awards granted in 2021. The following table presents the assumptions used to estimate the fair values of the stock options granted in 2020.

Valuation Input (1)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Assumption	Average
Historical volatility	27.60%	N/A
Risk-free rate	1.51%	N/A
Dividend yield	2.20%	N/A
Expected term (years)		7.0

(1) Not applicable for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as there were no new grants during the period.

F - 42

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

The following table presents the Company's stock option activity for the current period:

	Options outstanding	Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per stock option)		Weighted average grant date value (in dollars per stock option)		Options exercisable
Balance, December 31, 2020	1,715,619	$	6.49	$	2.29	—
Balance, September 30, 2021	1,715,619	$	6.49	$	2.29	712,542
Weighted average remaining contractual term at September 30, 2021 (in years)	6.4

Stock Based Compensation Expense

The following table presents total stock based compensation expense and the related income tax benefit recognized on the condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Employee compensation and benefits (1)	$	1,401	$	2,287	$	3,372	$	5,750
Director compensation	103		202		345		408
Income tax benefit	(316)		(538)		(781)		(1,330)
Net stock based compensation expense	$	1,188	$	1,951	$	2,936	$	4,828

(1) Includes $350 related to liability awards recorded in other liabilities as of September 30, 2021.

Additional information on total non-vested stock based compensation is as follows:

	As of September 30, 2021
	Stock options		Restricted stock awards and RSUs		Performance Restricted Stock Units
Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested awards	$	297	$	2,988	$	10,191
Weighted - average recognition period (in years)	1.02		0.68		3.23

(20) Income Taxes

The following table presents the Company’s provision (benefit) for income taxes reflected as a component of income (loss):

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021				2020				2021				2020
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	237			$	(844)			$	11,416			$	(22,030)
Effective tax rate (ETR)	6.6		%	(1)	(6.1)		%	(2)	21.0		%	(3)	34.7		%	(4)

(1)    Lower than the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21% primarily from the impact of the effect of foreign operations and discrete items, partially offset by state taxes.

(2)    Lower than the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21% due to the effect of discrete items, including expected refunds arising from the CARES Act.

(3)     Equal to the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21% due to the impact of state taxes offset by other discrete items.

(3)    Higher than the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21% due to the effect of state rates and other discrete items.

F - 43

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

(21) Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

All leases are office space leases and are classified as operating leases that expire through 2031. Some of our office leases include the option to extend for up to 5 years or less at management’s discretion. Such extension options were not included in the measurement of the lease liability. Below is a summary of our right of use asset and lease liability as of September 30, 2021:

	As of
	September 30, 2021
Right of use asset - Operating leases	$	24,838
Operating lease liability	$	30,407
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)	7.0
Weighted-average discount rate (1)	7.5		%

(1)    Discount rate was determined by applying available market rates to lease obligations based upon their term.

As of September 30, 2021, the approximate aggregate minimum future lease payments required for our lease liability over the remaining lease periods are as follows:

	September 30, 2021
Remainder of 2021	$	2,195
2022	7,855
2023	7,074
2024	6,170
2025	5,557
2026 and thereafter	18,645
Total minimum payments	47,496
Less: liabilities held for sale	(650)
Less: present value adjustment	(16,439)
Total	$	30,407

The following table presents rent expense for the Company’s office leases recorded on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the following periods:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Rent expense for office leases (1)	$	2,074	$	959	$	6,520	$	5,196

(1)     Includes lease expense of $134 for the three months ended September 30, 2020, and $306 and $374 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, for assets held for sale.

Litigation

The Company is a defendant in Mullins v. Southern Financial Life Insurance Co., which was filed in February 2006, in the Pike County Circuit Court, in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. A class was certified in June 2010. At issue is the duration or term of coverage under certain disability and life credit insurance policies. The action alleges violations of the Consumer Protection Act and certain insurance statutes, as well as common law fraud and seeks compensatory and punitive damages, attorney fees and interest. To date, the court has not awarded sanctions in connection with Plaintiffs’ April 2012 Motion for Sanctions. In July 2021, the court entered an Order granting Plaintiffs’ Motion for Partial Summary Judgment as to certain disability policies, which the Company intends to challenge. No trial or additional hearings are currently scheduled.

The Company considers such litigation customary in the insurance industry. In management's opinion, based on information

F - 44

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

available at this time, the ultimate resolution of such litigation, which it is vigorously defending, should not be materially adverse to the financial position of the Company. It should be noted that large punitive damage awards, bearing little relation to actual damages sustained by plaintiffs, have been awarded in certain states against other companies in the credit insurance business. At this time, the Company cannot estimate a range of loss that is reasonably possible.

The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to other legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. Although the Company’s legal and financial liability with respect to such proceedings cannot be estimated with certainty, the Company does not believe that these proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, are likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position.

(22) Earnings Per Share

The Company calculates basic net income per share of common stock (common share) based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, which includes vested corporate RSUs. Unvested corporate RSUs have a non-forfeitable right to participate in dividends declared and paid on the Company’s common stock on an as vested basis and are therefore considered a participating security. The Company calculates basic earnings per share using the “two-class” method under which the income available to common stockholders is allocated to the unvested corporate RSUs.

Diluted net income attributable to common stockholders includes the effect of unvested subsidiaries’ RSUs, when dilutive. The assumed exercise of all potentially dilutive instruments is included in the diluted net income per common share calculation, if dilutive.

The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted net income per common share for the following periods:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net income (loss)	$	3,347	$	14,741	$	43,035	$	(41,390)
Less:
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	1,339		1,978		4,477		2,038
Net income allocated to participating securities	35		351		725		—
Net income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. common shares - basic	1,973		12,412		37,833		(43,428)
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Securities of subsidiaries	(73)		(461)		(905)		—
Adjustments to income relating to exchangeable interests, net of tax	1		—		1,820		—
Net income (loss) attributable to Tiptree Inc. common shares - diluted	$	1,901	$	11,951	$	38,748	$	(43,428)
Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding - basic	33,558,106		33,684,301		32,963,451		34,076,837
Weighted average number of incremental shares of common stock issuable from exchangeable interests and contingent considerations	574,076		—		2,061,760		—
Weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding - diluted	34,132,182		33,684,301		35,025,211		34,076,837
Basic net income (loss) attributable to common shares	$	0.06	$	0.37	$	1.15	$	(1.27)
Diluted net income (loss) attributable to common shares	$	0.06	$	0.35	$	1.11	$	(1.27)

(23) Related Party Transactions

Corvid Peak is a related party of the Company because Corvid Peak is deemed to be controlled by Michael Barnes, the Company’s Executive Chairman. The Company is invested in a fund managed by Corvid Peak (the “Corvid Peak Fund”) and Corvid Peak manages investment portfolio accounts of Fortegra and certain of its subsidiaries under an investment advisory agreement (the “IAA”). With respect to the Corvid Peak Fund, the Company incurred $185 and $230 of management and incentive fees for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively and $769 and $667 of management and incentive fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Beginning January 1, 2021, Tiptree has

F - 45

TIPTREE INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2021

(in thousands, except share data)

been allocated 10.2% of certain profits interests earned by Corvid Peak with an additional 10.2% interest for each of the next consecutive four years, so that, as of January 1, 2025, Tiptree’s percentage interest will be 51%.

Pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement, Tiptree and Corvid Peak have mutually agreed to provide certain services to one another. Payments under the Transition Services Agreement in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were not material.

Pursuant to the Emeritus Agreement, Tiptree agreed to provide Mr. Inayatullah, a greater than 5% stockholder of the Company, office space and support services, and reimburse Mr. Inayatullah for a portion of benefit expenses in exchange for advice and other consulting services as requested by the Company’s Executive Committee. Transactions related to the Emeritus Agreement in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were not material.

(24) Subsequent Events

On October 11, 2021, the Company and Fortegra entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with WP Falcon Aggregator, L.P., (“Purchaser”), a Delaware limited partnership affiliated with funds advised or managed by Warburg Pincus LLC, pursuant to which, Fortegra has committed to convert to a Delaware corporation and issue and sell, and the Purchaser agreed to purchase, a combination of (i) shares of common stock, par value $0.01 (“Common Stock”) of Fortegra, (ii) warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock, (iii) shares of Series A Preferred Stock of Fortegra and (iv) additional warrants to acquire Common Stock, for an aggregate purchase price of $200 million, in one or more fundings. Proceeds from the transactions are expected to be used to repay certain indebtedness, and to further capitalize Fortegra. The consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement is subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, including filings with, and approvals from, insurance and other relevant regulatory agencies.

On November 2, 2021, the Company’s board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.04 per share to holders of common stock with a record date of November 22, 2021, and a payment date of November 29, 2021.

F - 46

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is presented in this section as follows:

•Overview

•Results of Operations

•Non-GAAP Measures and Reconciliations

•Liquidity and Capital Resources

•Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

•Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

OVERVIEW

Tiptree is a holding company that allocates capital across a broad spectrum of businesses, assets and other investments. Our largest operating subsidiary, Fortegra, along with its subsidiaries, is a leading provider of specialty insurance underwriting, warranty and service contract products, and related service solutions. We also generate earnings from a diverse group of select investments that we refer to as Tiptree Capital, which includes our Mortgage segment and other, non-insurance businesses and assets. We evaluate performance primarily by the comparison of shareholders’ long-term total return on capital, as measured by growth in stock price plus dividends paid, in addition to Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA.

Highlights for the first nine months of 2021 include:

Overall:

•Net income of $38.6 million increased from a net loss of $43.4 million in 2020, which was driven by growth in insurance, mortgage and shipping operations, in addition to realized and unrealized gains on investments as compared to losses in 2020.

•Adjusted net income increased 33.4% to $47.0 million, from $35.2 million in 2020, driven by improvement in insurance, mortgage and shipping operations. Adjusted return on average equity was 16.2%, as compared to 12.2% in 2020.

•On October 12, 2021, Tiptree announced a $200 million strategic investment in its insurance subsidiary, Fortegra, by Warburg Pincus, a leading global growth investor. The investment will give Warburg Pincus an approximate 24% ownership in Fortegra on an as converted basis and is expected to close in the first quarter 2022, subject to regulatory approvals.

Insurance:

•Gross written premiums and premium equivalents were $1,689.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to $1,176.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, up 43.7% as a result of growth in admitted and surplus insurance lines as well as growth in fee-based warranty programs.

•Total revenues increased 49.6% to $721.5 million, from $482.3 million in 2020, driven by increases in earned premiums, net, service and administrative fees, and net realized and unrealized gains as compared to losses in the prior year period.

•The combined ratio improved to 91.0%, as compared to 92.1% in 2020, driven by the continued scalability of Fortegra’s technology and shared service platform, which improved the expense ratio, while the underwriting ratio remained stable.

•Income before taxes of $49.6 million increased by $49.2 million as compared to $0.4 million in 2020. Return on average equity was 17.3% in 2021 as compared to 1.5% in 2020. The increase in both metrics was driven by revenue growth and an improved combined ratio, in addition to net realized and unrealized gains on investments as compared to losses in the prior year.

•Adjusted net income increased 55.5% to $46.4 million, as compared to $29.8 million in 2020. Adjusted return on average equity was 20.9%, as compared to 14.2% in 2020. The increase in both metrics was driven by revenue growth and the improved combined ratio.

•As of September 30, 2021, total investments combined with cash and cash equivalents were $832.1 million, as compared to $651.2 million as of September 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2021, 82% of the portfolio was invested in high-credit quality fixed income securities with an average S&P rating of AA and a weighted average duration of 2.8 years.

1

Tiptree Capital:

•Mortgage income before taxes was $25.1 million in 2021, as compared to $20.8 million in 2020, with the increase driven by higher servicing fees and positive fair value adjustments on the mortgage servicing portfolio. Return on average equity was 44.4% in the 2021 period.

•Maritime transportation income before taxes was $7.7 million in 2021, as compared to $1.0 million in 2020, with the increase driven by a rise in dry-bulk charter rates.

Key Trends:

Our results of operations are affected by a variety of factors including, but not limited to, general economic conditions and GDP growth, market liquidity and volatility, consumer confidence, U.S. demographics, employment and wage growth, business confidence and investment, inflation, interest rates and spreads, the impact of the regulatory environment, and the other factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. Generally, our businesses are positively affected by a healthy U.S. consumer, stable to gradually rising interest rates, stable markets and business conditions, and global growth and trade flows. Conversely, rising unemployment, volatile markets, rapidly rising interest rates, changing regulatory requirements and slowing business conditions can have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

Fortegra generally offers products which have low severity but high frequency loss experiences and are short duration. As a result, the business has historically generated significant fee-based revenues. In general, the types of products Fortegra offers tend to have limited aggregation risk and, thus, limited exposure to catastrophic and residual risk. Underwriting risk is mitigated through a combination of reinsurance and retrospective commission structures with agents, distribution partners and/or third-party reinsurers. To mitigate counterparty risk, Fortegra ensures its distribution partners’ captive reinsurance entities are over-collateralized with highly liquid investments, primarily cash and cash equivalents. Insurance results primarily depend on pricing, underwriting, risk retention and the accuracy of reserves, reinsurance arrangements, returns on invested assets, and policy and contract renewals and run-off. While Fortegra’s insurance operations have historically maintained a relatively stable combined ratio which support steady earnings, initiatives to change the business mix along with economic factors could generate different results than the business has historically experienced. We believe there will continue to be growth opportunities to expand Fortegra’s specialty insurance and warranty business model to other niche products and markets.

Fortegra’s investment portfolio primarily serves as a source to pay claims and secondarily as a source of income for operations. Investments include fixed maturity securities, loans, credit investment funds, and equity securities. Many investments are held at fair value. Changes in fair value for loans, credit investment funds, and equity securities are reported quarterly as unrealized gains or losses in revenues and can be impacted by changes in interest rates, credit risk, or market risk, including specific company or industry factors. Our equity holdings are relatively concentrated. General equity market trends, along with company and industry specific factors, can impact the fair value which can result in unrealized gains and losses affecting our results.

Our businesses can also be impacted in various ways by changes in interest rates, which can result in fluctuations in the fair value of investments, revenues associated with floating rate investments, volume and revenues in mortgage operations and interest expense associated with floating rate debt used to fund operations. Rising interest rates could impact the value of certain fixed income securities, with any unrealized losses recorded in equity, and if realized, could impact our results of operations. Offsetting the impact of a rising interest rate environment, new investments in fixed rate instruments from both maturities and portfolio growth can result in higher interest income on investments over time. In declining interest rate environments, the opposite impacts could occur. In addition, certain investments are LIBOR based, which has resulted in lower investment income during the recent period of extended low rates. Rising interest rates can also impact the cost of LIBOR based debt obligations, while declining rates can decrease the cost of debt. Our secured revolving and term credit agreements, preferred trust securities and asset-based revolving financing are all floating rate obligations.

Authorities that regulate LIBOR have announced plans to phase out LIBOR by the end of 2021, such that LIBOR may cease to exist as a benchmark for floating interest rates. The Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York organized the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, which identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) as its preferred alternative rate for USD-LIBOR. We are not able to predict when LIBOR will cease to be available or when there will be sufficient liquidity in the SOFR markets as a replacement reference rate. Such uncertainty may result in a sudden or prolonged increase or decrease in reported LIBOR and/or its replacement rate. To address the phase out of LIBOR, the agreements for substantially all of our debt facilities include a mechanism to replace LIBOR with an alternative reference rate under specified circumstances, whether that replacement is SOFR or another benchmark. If future rates based upon the

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successor reference rate are higher than LIBOR rates as currently determined due to illiquidity or other factors, our interest expense could increase.

Low mortgage rates due to the Federal Reserve intervention in mortgage markets and rising home prices in certain markets, has resulted in a combination of higher mortgage volumes and margins beginning in the second quarter of 2020 and continuing into the first nine months of 2021, which has been a benefit to mortgage operations. The recent low interest rate environment also benefits interest cost on debt, although corporate debt remains above current LIBOR rates. There can be no assurance that these positive trends will continue, the reversal of which could have a materially negative impact on our results of operations, and which may only be partially mitigated by the benefit to LIBOR based investments.

Common shares of Invesque represent a significant asset on our condensed consolidated balance sheet, both as part of insurance investments and separately in Tiptree Capital. Our investment in Invesque, which operates in the seniors housing, skilled nursing and medical office industries, is carried on our condensed consolidated balance sheet at fair value. In April 2020, in response to the uncertainty in the industry, Invesque suspended its dividend to conserve liquidity. In combination with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on occupancy rates, Invesque’s stock declined significantly, which had a material impact on the carrying value of the investment and results of operations. While their stock price and the value of the investment increased in the first nine months of 2021, any additional declines in the fair value of Invesque’s common stock could have a significant impact on our results of operations and the value of the investment.

The maritime transportation industry is highly competitive and fragmented. Demand for shipping capacity is a function of global economic conditions and the related demand for commodities, production and consumption patterns, and is affected by events which interrupt production, trade routes, and consumption. The shipping industry is cyclical with high volatility in charter hire rates and profitability, which can change rapidly. General global economic conditions, along with company and industry specific factors, are expected to continue to impact the fair value of our vessels and associated operating results. While there is a current imbalance in supply and demand for shipping capacity, which has led to a cyclical high in dry-bulk charter rates, a change in those factors and/or changes in global economic conditions could result in substantially lower charter rates, which could negatively impact our results of operations and the carrying value of our vessels.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following is a summary of our condensed consolidated financial results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. In addition to GAAP results, management uses the Non-GAAP measures Adjusted net income, Adjusted return on average equity, Adjusted EBITDA and book value per share as measurements of operating performance. Management believes these measures provide supplemental information useful to investors as they are frequently used by the financial community to analyze financial performance and comparison among companies. Management uses Adjusted net income and adjusted return on average equity as part of its capital allocation process and to assess comparative returns on invested capital. Adjusted EBITDA is also used in determining incentive compensation for the Company’s executive officers. Adjusted net income represents income before taxes, less provision (benefit) for income taxes, and excluding the after-tax impact of various expenses that we consider to be unique and non-recurring in nature, stock-based compensation, net realized and unrealized gains (losses), and intangibles amortization associated with purchase accounting. The Company defines Adjusted EBITDA as GAAP net income of the Company plus corporate interest expense, plus income taxes, plus depreciation and amortization expense, less the effects of purchase accounting, plus non-cash fair value adjustments, plus significant non-recurring expenses, and plus unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities that are reported in other comprehensive income. Adjusted net income, Adjusted return on average equity and Adjusted EBITDA are not measurements of financial performance or liquidity under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative or substitute for GAAP net income. See “Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a reconciliation of these measures to their GAAP equivalents.

Selected Key Metrics

($ in thousands, except per share information)	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
GAAP:	2021			2020			2021			2020
Total revenues	$	286,605		$	224,041		$	880,980		$	552,906
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	2,008		$	12,763		$	38,558		$	(43,428)
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.06		$	0.35		$	1.11		$	(1.27)
Cash dividends paid per common share	$	0.04		$	0.04		$	0.12		$	0.12
Return on average equity	3.3		%	16.6		%	14.8		%	(14.3)		%

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($ in thousands, except per share information)	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
GAAP:	2021			2020			2021			2020
Non-GAAP: (1)
Adjusted net income	$	20,730		$	17,807		$	47,010		$	35,240
Adjusted return on average equity	20.5		%	20.1		%	16.2		%	12.2		%
Adjusted EBITDA	$	12,356		$	20,317		$	84,594		$	(32,789)
Book value per share	$	11.37		$	10.36		$	11.37		$	10.36

(1)    See “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures.

Revenues

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, revenues were $286.6 million, which increased $62.6 million or 27.9% compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by growth in earned premiums, net, and service and administrative fees in the insurance business, partially offset by increased net realized and unrealized losses on Invesque and other investments in the 2021 period compared to the 2020 period.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, revenues were $881.0 million, which increased $328.1 million, or 59.3% compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by growth in earned premiums, net, and service and administrative fees in the insurance business, increased revenues from our mortgage servicing portfolio, and net realized and unrealized gains on Invesque and other investments in the 2021 period compared to losses in the 2020 period.

The combination of unearned premiums and deferred revenues on the condensed consolidated balance sheet grew to $1,564.4 million, representing an increase of $413.1 million, or 35.9%, from September 30, 2020 to September 30, 2021 as a result of Fortegra’s growth in gross written premiums and premium equivalents, primarily related to admitted and excess and surplus (E&S) insurance lines as well as warranty service contracts.

The table below provides a break down between net realized and unrealized gains and losses from Invesque and other securities which impacted our consolidated results on a pre-tax basis. Many investments are carried at fair value and marked to market through unrealized gains and losses. As a result, we expect earnings relating to these investments to be relatively volatile between periods. Fixed income securities are primarily marked to market through AOCI in stockholders’ equity and do not impact net realized and unrealized gains and losses until they are sold.

($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)(1)	$	(4,267)	$	2,310	$	9,345	$	(16,270)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) - Invesque	$	(12,566)	$	(9,170)	$	4,246	$	(79,774)

(1)    Excludes Invesque and Mortgage realized and unrealized gains and losses.

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to common stockholders

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, net income attributable to common stockholders was $2.0 million, a decrease of $10.8 million, driven by increased net realized and unrealized losses in the current period, partially offset by improvement in insurance and shipping revenues. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net income attributable to common stockholders was $38.6 million, an increase of $82.0 million from a net loss of $43.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily driven by net realized and unrealized gains on Invesque and other investments in the 2021 period compared to losses in the 2020 period, in addition to growth in Fortegra’s underwriting and fee operations, increased revenues from our mortgage servicing portfolio and improvement in dry-bulk shipping rates.

Adjusted net income & Adjusted return on average equity - Non-GAAP

Adjusted net income for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was $20.7 million, an increase of $2.9 million, or 16.4%, from the three months ended September 30, 2020. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, adjusted return on average equity was 20.5%, as compared to 20.1% at September 30, 2020, with the increase in both metrics driven by improved performance in our insurance and shipping operations.

Adjusted net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $47.0 million, an increase of $11.8 million, or 33.4%, from the nine months ended September 30, 2020. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, adjusted return on

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average equity was 16.2%, as compared to 12.2% at September 30, 2020, with the increase in both metrics driven by improved performance in our insurance, mortgage and shipping operations.

Adjusted EBITDA - Non-GAAP

Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was $12.4 million, a decrease of $8.0 million from 2020, driven by net realized and unrealized losses on Invesque and other investments. Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $84.6 million, an increase of $117.4 million from 2020, driven by realized and unrealized gains in the 2021 period compared to losses in the 2020 period, in addition to the improved operating performance noted above.

Book Value per share - Non-GAAP

Total stockholders’ equity was $402.1 million as of September 30, 2021 compared to $373.5 million as of December 31, 2020. In the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Tiptree returned $6.8 million to stockholders through share repurchases and dividends paid. Book value per share for the period ended September 30, 2021 was $11.37, an increase from book value per share of $10.36 as of September 30, 2020. The key drivers of the increase over the past four quarters were net income per share and the purchase of 1.4 million shares at a discount to book value partially offset by dividends paid of $0.16 per share, and issuance of shares related to warrants and vested subsidiary awards.

Results by Segment

We classify our business into two reportable segments, Insurance and Mortgage, with the remainder of our operations aggregated into Tiptree Capital - Other. Corporate activities include holding company interest expense, corporate employee compensation and benefits, and other expenses, including, but not limited to, public company expenses. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, Mortgage has been broken out of Tiptree Capital as a reportable segment because for the year ended December 31, 2020 it met the quantitative threshold for disclosure. Prior year segments have been conformed to the current year presentation.

The following tables present the components of Revenue, Income (loss) before taxes and Adjusted net income.

($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Revenues:
Insurance	$	246,706	$	174,005	$	721,524	$	482,299
Mortgage	27,425		35,879		87,191		80,911
Tiptree Capital - other	12,474		14,157		72,265		(10,304)
Corporate	—		—		—		—
Total revenues	$	286,605	$	224,041	$	880,980	$	552,906
Income (loss) before taxes:
Insurance	$	13,337	$	13,447	$	49,569	$	418
Mortgage	6,267		14,453		25,119		20,768
Tiptree Capital - other	(4,700)		(4,978)		12,914		(59,407)
Corporate	(11,320)		(9,025)		(33,151)		(25,199)
Total income (loss) before taxes	$	3,584	$	13,897	$	54,451	$	(63,420)
Non-GAAP - Adjusted net income:
Insurance	$	19,533	$	12,111	$	46,400	$	29,835
Mortgage	3,961		11,865		15,485		19,488
Tiptree Capital - other	5,522		495		8,153		3,565
Corporate	(8,286)		(6,664)		(23,028)		(17,648)
Total adjusted net income (1)	$	20,730	$	17,807	$	47,010	$	35,240

(1)    See “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures.

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Insurance

Fortegra is a specialty insurance underwriter and service provider, which focuses on niche programs and fee-oriented services. The combination of specialty insurance underwriting, warranty and service contract products, and related service solutions delivered through a vertically integrated business model creates a blend of traditional underwriting revenues, investment income and unregulated fee revenues. The business is an agent-driven model, distributing products through independent insurance agents, consumer finance companies, online retailers, auto dealers, and regional big box retailers to deliver products that complement the consumer transaction.

The following tables present the Insurance segment results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

Results of Operations - Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 compared to 2020

($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020			Change		% Change
Revenues:
Earned premiums, net	$	175,026		$	116,418		$	58,608	50.3	%
Service and administrative fees	69,664			47,701			21,963		46.0	%
Ceding commissions	2,722			5,157			(2,435)		(47.2)	%
Net investment income	3,330			3,023			307		10.2	%
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	(7,492)			659			(8,151)		NM%
Other revenue	3,456			1,047			2,409		230.1	%
Total revenues	$	246,706		$	174,005		$	72,701	41.8	%
Expenses:
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	61,252		$	42,920		$	18,332	42.7	%
Member benefit claims	19,579			14,818			4,761		32.1	%
Commission expense	104,392			68,868			35,524		51.6	%
Employee compensation and benefits	19,526			15,969			3,557		22.3	%
Interest expense	4,268			3,988			280		7.0	%
Depreciation and amortization	4,307			2,329			1,978		84.9	%
Other expenses	20,045			11,666			8,379		71.8	%
Total expenses	$	233,369		$	160,558		$	72,811	45.3	%
Income (loss) before taxes (1)	$	13,337		$	13,447		$	(110)	(0.8)	%
Key Performance Metrics:
Gross written premiums and premium equivalents	$	613,113		$	464,669		$	148,444	31.9	%
Return on average equity	13.7		%	15.9		%
Underwriting ratio	73.8		%	74.3		%
Expense ratio	15.8		%	16.3		%
Combined ratio	89.6		%	90.6		%
Non-GAAP Financial Measures (2):
Adjusted net income	$	19,533		$	12,111		$	7,422	61.3	%
Adjusted return on average equity	26.8		%	17.1		%

(1)    Net income was $9,943 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $11,280 for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

(2)    See “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures.

Revenues

Earned Premiums, net

Earned premiums, net represent the earned portion of gross written and assumed premiums, less the earned portion that is ceded to third-party reinsurers under reinsurance agreements. Fortegra’s insurance policies generally have a term of six months to seven years depending on the underlying product and premiums are earned pro rata over the term of the policy. At the end of each reporting period, premiums written but not earned are classified as unearned premiums and are earned in subsequent periods over the remaining term of the policy.

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Service and Administrative Fees

Service and administrative fees represent the earned portion of gross written premiums and premium equivalents, which is generated from non-insurance programs including warranty service contracts, motor club programs and other services offered as part of Fortegra’s vertically integrated product offerings. Such fees are typically positively correlated with transaction volume and are recognized as revenue when realized and earned. At the end of each reporting period, gross written premiums and premium equivalents written for service contracts not earned are classified as deferred revenue, which are earned in subsequent periods over the remaining term of the policy.

Ceding Commissions and Other Revenue

Ceding commissions and other revenue consists of commissions earned on policies written on behalf of third-party insurance companies with no exposure to the insured risk and certain fees earned in conjunction with underwriting policies. Other revenue also includes the interest income earned on the premium finance product offering.

Net Investment Income

We earn investment income on the portfolio of invested assets. Invested assets are primarily comprised of fixed maturity securities, and may also include cash and cash equivalents and equity securities. The principal factors that influence net investment income are the size of the investment portfolio, the yield on that portfolio and expenses due to external investment managers.

Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses)

Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments are a function of the difference between the amount received by us on the sale of a security and the security’s cost-basis, as well as any “other-than-temporary” impairments and allowances for credit losses which are recognized in earnings. In addition, equity securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in this line.

Revenues - Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 compared to 2020

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, total revenues increased 41.8%, to $246.7 million, as compared to $174.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Earned premiums, net of $175.0 million increased $58.6 million, or 50.3%, driven by growth in commercial, credit and warranty insurance programs. Service and administrative fees of $69.7 million increased by 46.0% driven by growth in warranty and consumer goods service contract revenues. Ceding commissions of $2.7 million decreased by $2.4 million, or 47.2%, driven by lower ceding fees as less business was ceded in certain credit insurance and collateral protection programs. Other revenues increased by $2.4 million, or 230.1%, driven by growth in premium and warranty finance product offerings.

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, 30.7% of revenues were derived from fees that were not solely dependent upon the underwriting performance of Fortegra’s insurance products, resulting in more diversified earnings. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, 80.9% of fee-based revenues were generated in non-regulated service companies, with the remainder in regulated insurance companies.

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, net investment income was $3.3 million as compared to $3.0 million in the prior year period, primarily driven by growth in investments. Net realized and unrealized losses were $7.5 million, a decrease of $8.2 million, as compared to net realized and unrealized gains of $0.7 million in the prior year period.

Expenses

Underwriting and fee expenses under insurance and warranty service contracts include losses and loss adjustment expenses, member benefit claims and commissions expense.

Net Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

Net losses and loss adjustment expenses represent actual insurance claims paid, changes in unpaid claim reserves, net of amounts ceded and the costs of administering claims for insurance lines. Incurred claims are impacted by loss frequency,

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which is a measure of the number of claims per unit of insured exposure, and loss severity, which is based on the average size of claims. Loss occurrences in insurance products are characterized by low severity and high frequency. Factors affecting loss frequency and loss severity include the volume of underwritten contracts, changes in claims reporting patterns, claims settlement patterns, judicial decisions, economic conditions, morbidity patterns and the attitudes of claimants towards settlements, and original pricing of the product for purposes of the loss ratio in relation to loss emergence over time. Losses and loss adjustment expenses are based on an actuarial analysis of the estimated losses, including losses incurred during the period and changes in estimates from prior periods.

Member Benefit Claims

Member benefit claims represent the costs of services and replacement devices incurred in warranty and motor club service contracts. Member benefit claims represent claims paid on behalf of contract holders directly to third-party providers for roadside assistance and for the repair or replacement of covered products. Claims can also be paid directly to contract holders as a reimbursement payment, provided supporting documentation of loss is submitted to the Company. Claims are recognized as expense when incurred.

Commission Expense

Commission expenses reflect commissions paid to retail agents, program administrators and managing general underwriters, net of ceding commissions received on business ceded under certain reinsurance contracts. Commission expenses are deferred and amortized to expense in proportion to the premium earned over the policy life. Commission expense is incurred on most product lines. The majority of commissions are retrospective commissions paid to agents, distributors and retailers selling the Company’s products, including credit insurance policies, warranty service contracts and motor club memberships. When claims increase, in most cases distribution partners bear the risk through a reduction in their retrospective commissions. Commission rates are, in many cases, set by state regulators, such as in credit and collateral protection programs and are also impacted by market conditions and the retention levels of distribution partners.

Operating and Other Expenses

Operating and other expenses represent the general and administrative expenses of insurance operations including employee compensation and benefits and other expenses, including, technology costs, office rent, and professional services fees, such as legal, accounting and actuarial services.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists primarily of interest expense on corporate revolving debt, notes, preferred trust securities due June 15, 2037 (Preferred Trust Securities) and asset-based debt for premium finance and warranty service contract financing, which is non-recourse to Fortegra.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation expense is primarily associated with furniture, fixtures and equipment. Amortization expense is primarily associated with purchase accounting amortization including values associated with acquired customer relationships, trade names and internally developed software and technology.

Expenses - Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 compared to 2020

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, net losses and loss adjustment expenses were $61.3 million, member benefit claims were $19.6 million and commission expense was $104.4 million, as compared to $42.9 million, $14.8 million and $68.9 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increases in net losses and loss adjustment expenses of $18.3 million, or 42.7%, and member benefit claims of $4.8 million, or 32.1%, were driven by growth in U.S. Insurance and U.S. Warranty Solutions programs. Commission expense increased by $35.5 million, or 51.6%, driven by growth in revenues and an increase in retrospective commission payments, which were partially offset by lower proportional increases in net losses and loss adjustment expenses.

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, employee compensation and benefits were $19.5 million and other expenses were $20.0 million, as compared to $16.0 million and $11.7 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30,

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2020. Employee compensation and benefits increased by $3.6 million, or 22.3%, driven by the acquisition of Sky Auto in December 2020 and investments in human capital associated with growth in admitted, E&S and warranty programs. Other expenses increased by $8.4 million, or 71.8%, driven primarily by increased marketing and advertising costs aligned with growth in revenues from Sky Auto, and increases in premium taxes, which grew in line with earned premiums.

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, interest expense was $4.3 million as compared to $4.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in interest expense of $0.3 million, or 7.0%, was primarily driven by increased asset-based debt for premium and warranty finance programs.

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, depreciation and amortization expense was $4.3 million, including $3.8 million of intangible amortization related to purchase accounting associated with the acquisitions of Fortegra, Smart AutoCare and Sky Auto, as compared to $2.3 million, including $2.3 million of intangible amortization from purchase accounting related to Fortegra and Smart AutoCare for 2020.

Results of Operations - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 compared to 2020

($ in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020			Change		% Change
Revenues:
Earned premiums, net	$	498,903		$	344,994		$	153,909	44.6	%
Service and administrative fees	191,414			134,290			57,124		42.5	%
Ceding commissions	8,827			16,217			(7,390)		(45.6)	%
Net investment income	9,331			8,803			528		6.0	%
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	5,004			(27,310)			32,314		NM%
Other revenue	8,045			5,305			2,740		51.6	%
Total revenues	$	721,524		$	482,299		$	239,225	49.6	%
Expenses:
Net losses and loss adjustment expenses	$	181,244		$	125,354		$	55,890	44.6	%
Member benefit claims	55,954			42,407			13,547		31.9	%
Commission expense	292,580			207,172			85,408		41.2	%
Employee compensation and benefits	57,007			47,927			9,080		18.9	%
Interest expense	13,097			11,218			1,879		16.7	%
Depreciation and amortization	12,905			7,229			5,676		78.5	%
Other expenses	59,168			40,574			18,594		45.8	%
Total expenses	$	671,955		$	481,881		$	190,074	39.4	%
Income (loss) before taxes (1)	$	49,569		$	418		$	49,151	NM%
Key Performance Metrics:
Gross written premiums and premium equivalents	$	1,689,592		$	1,176,022		$	513,570	43.7	%
Return on average equity	17.3		%	1.5		%
Underwriting ratio	74.9		%	74.9		%
Expense ratio	16.1		%	17.2		%
Combined ratio	91.0		%	92.1		%
Non-GAAP Financial Measures (2):
Adjusted net income	$	46,400		$	29,835		$	16,565	55.5	%
Adjusted return on average equity	20.9		%	14.2		%

(1)    Net income was $38,412 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to a net loss of $3,129 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

(2)    See “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures.

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Revenues - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 compared to 2020

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, total revenues increased 49.6%, to $721.5 million, as compared to $482.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Earned premiums, net of $498.9 million increased $153.9 million, or 44.6%, driven by growth in commercial, credit and warranty insurance programs. Service and administrative fees of $191.4 million increased by 42.5% driven by growth in warranty and consumer goods service contract revenues. Ceding commissions of $8.8 million decreased by $7.4 million, or 45.6%, driven by lower ceding fees as less business was ceded in certain credit insurance and collateral protection programs. Other revenues increased by $2.7 million, or 51.6%, driven by growth in premium and warranty finance product offerings.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, 28.9% of revenues were derived from fees that were not solely dependent upon the underwriting performance of Fortegra’s insurance products, resulting in more diversified earnings. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, 80.9% of fee-based revenues were generated in non-regulated service companies, with the remainder in regulated insurance companies.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net investment income was $9.3 million as compared to $8.8 million in the prior year period, driven by growth in investments, partially offset by lower interest rates. Net realized and unrealized gains were $5.0 million, an increase of $32.3 million, driven primarily by realized and unrealized gains on equity securities in the 2021 period, as compared to losses on equity securities and other investments in the 2020 period.

Expenses - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 compared to 2020

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net losses and loss adjustment expenses were $181.2 million, member benefit claims were $56.0 million and commission expense was $292.6 million, as compared to $125.4 million, $42.4 million and $207.2 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increases in net losses and loss adjustment expenses of $55.9 million, or 44.6%, and member benefit claims of $13.5 million, or 31.9%, were driven by growth in U.S. Insurance, U.S. Warranty Solutions and Europe Warranty Solutions programs. Commission expense increased by $85.4 million, or 41.2%, in line with the growth in earned premiums, net and service and administrative fees.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, employee compensation and benefits were $57.0 million and other expenses were $59.2 million, as compared to $47.9 million and $40.6 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Employee compensation and benefits increased by $9.1 million, or 18.9%, driven by the acquisition of Sky Auto and investments in human capital associated with growth objectives in admitted, E&S and warranty programs. Other expenses increased by $18.6 million, or 45.8%, driven primarily by increased marketing and advertising costs aligned with growth in revenues from Sky Auto, and increases in premium taxes, which grew in line with earned premiums. Other expenses were elevated by $2.1 million and $2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to non-recurring professional and audit fees associated with preparation of the registration statement for the potential Fortegra initial public offering which was withdrawn in April 2021, and investment banking and legal expenses associated with the acquisition of Smart AutoCare in January 2020.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, interest expense was $13.1 million as compared to $11.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in interest expense of $1.9 million, or 16.7%, was primarily driven by higher average outstanding revolving credit borrowings and increased asset-based debt for premium and warranty finance programs.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, depreciation and amortization expense was $12.9 million, including $11.5 million of intangible amortization related to purchase accounting associated with the acquisitions of Fortegra, Smart AutoCare and Sky Auto, as compared to $7.2 million, including $7.0 million of intangible amortization from purchase accounting related to Fortegra and Smart AutoCare for 2020.

Key Performance Metrics

We discuss certain key performance metrics, described below, which provide useful information about our business and the operational factors underlying its financial performance.

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Gross Written Premiums and Premium Equivalents

Gross written premiums and premium equivalents represent total gross written premiums from insurance policies and warranty service contracts issued, as well as premium finance volumes during a reporting period. They represent the volume of insurance policies written or assumed and warranty service contracts issued during a specific period of time without reduction for policy acquisition costs, reinsurance costs or other deductions. Gross written premiums is a volume measure commonly used in the insurance industry to compare sales performance by period. Premium equivalents are used to compare sales performance of warranty service and administrative contract volumes to gross written premiums. Investors also use these measures to compare sales growth among comparable companies, while management uses these measures to evaluate the relative performance of various sales channels.

The below table shows gross written premiums and premium equivalents by business mix for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
U.S. Insurance	$	392,119	$	301,847	$	1,095,137	$	741,521
U.S. Warranty Solutions	190,874		149,269		524,568		399,373
Europe Warranty Solutions	30,120		13,553		69,887		35,128
Total	$	613,113	$	464,669	$	1,689,592	$	1,176,022

Total gross written premiums and premium equivalents for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were $1,689.6 million as compared to $1,176.0 million in 2020. The growth of $513.6 million, or 43.7%, is driven by a combination of factors including growing Fortegra’s distribution partner network, expanding admitted and E&S insurance lines, and increasing penetration through the warranty acquisitions of Smart AutoCare (January 2020) and Sky Auto (December 2020). Additionally, certain distribution partners were impacted by COVID-19 shutdowns in the second and third quarters 2020, providing for a more favorable period over period comparison.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, U.S. Insurance increased by $353.6 million, or 47.7%, driven by growth in commercial, credit, collateral protection and warranty insurance lines. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, U.S. Warranty Solutions increased by $125.2 million, or 31.3%, driven by growth in auto and consumer goods service contracts, including the acquisition of Sky Auto. Europe Warranty Solutions increased by $34.8 million, or 98.9%, driven by growth in auto and consumer goods warranty programs.

The growth in gross written premiums and premium equivalents, combined with higher retention in select products for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, has resulted in an increase of $413.1 million, or 35.9%, in unearned premiums and deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as compared to September 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2021, unearned premiums and deferred revenues were $1,564.4 million, as compared to $1,151.3 million as of September 30, 2020.

Combined Ratio, Underwriting Ratio and Expense Ratio

Combined ratio is an operating measure, which equals the sum of the underwriting ratio and the expense ratio. Underwriting ratio is the ratio of the GAAP line items net losses and loss adjustment expenses, member benefit claims and commission expense to earned premiums, net, service and administrative fees and ceding commissions and other revenue. Expense ratio is the ratio of the GAAP line items employee compensation and benefits and other underwriting, general and administrative expenses to earned premiums, net, service and administrative fees and ceding commissions and other revenue.

A combined ratio under 100% generally indicates an underwriting profit. A combined ratio over 100% generally indicates an underwriting loss. These ratios are commonly used in the insurance industry as a measure of underwriting profitability, excluding earnings on the insurance portfolio. Investors commonly use these measures to compare underwriting performance among companies separate from the performance of the investment portfolio. Management uses these measures to compare the profitability of various products underwritten as well as profitability among programs between various agents and sales channels.

The combined ratio was 91.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, which consisted of an underwriting ratio of 74.9% and an expense ratio of 16.1%, as compared to 92.1%, 74.9% and 17.2%, respectively, for the nine months ended

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September 30, 2020. The improvement in the combined ratio year over year is primarily driven by the continued scalability of the technology and shared service platform, decreasing the expense ratio.

Return on Average Equity

Return on average equity is expressed as the ratio of net income to average stockholders’ equity during the period. Management uses this ratio as a measure of the on-going performance of the totality of the Company’s operations.

Return on average equity was 17.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to 1.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, with the increase in net income and annualized return on average equity driven by revenue growth and an improved combined ratio, in addition to net realized and unrealized gains in the 2021 period compared to net realized and unrealized losses in the 2020 period.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Underwriting and Fee Revenues and Underwriting and Fee Margin - Non-GAAP(1)

In order to better explain to investors the underwriting performance of the Company’s programs and the respective retentions between the Company and its agents and reinsurance partners, we use the non-GAAP metrics – underwriting and fee revenues and underwriting and fee margin. Underwritten exposures are managed using both reinsurance (e.g., quota share and excess of loss) and retrospective commission agreements with Fortegra’s agents (e.g., commissions paid are adjusted based on the actual underlying losses incurred). Period-over-period comparisons of revenues and expenses are often impacted by the agents and their PORC’s choice as to their risk retention appetite, specifically earned premiums, net, service and administration fees, ceding commissions, and other revenue, all components of revenue, and losses and loss adjustment expenses, member benefit claims, and commissions paid to Fortegra’s agents and reinsurers. Generally, when losses are incurred, the risk which is retained by Fortegra’s agents and reinsurers is reflected in a reduction in commissions paid.

Underwriting and fee revenues represents total revenues excluding net investment income, net realized and unrealized gains (losses). See “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a reconciliation of underwriting and fee revenues to total revenues in accordance with GAAP.

Underwriting and fee margin represents income before taxes excluding net investment income, net realized and unrealized gains (losses), employee compensation and benefits, other expenses, interest expense and depreciation and amortization. Fortegra’s products and services are delivered on a vertically integrated basis to its agents. As such, underwriting and fee margin exclude general and administrative expenses, interest income, depreciation and amortization and other corporate expenses, including income taxes, as these corporate expenses support the vertically integrated delivery model and are not specifically supporting any individual business line. See “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a reconciliation of underwriting and fee margin to total revenues in accordance with GAAP.

The below table shows underwriting and fee revenues and underwriting and fee margin by business mix for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

	Three Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	Underwriting and Fee Revenues (1)				Underwriting and Fee Margin (1)
	2021		2020		2021		2020
U.S. Insurance	$	174,995	$	122,540	$	37,003	$	26,868
U.S. Warranty Solutions	61,342		41,250		23,455		15,007
Europe Warranty Solutions	14,531		6,533		5,185		1,842
Total	$	250,868	$	170,323	$	65,643	$	43,717

(1)    See “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures.

Underwriting and fee revenues were $250.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $170.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Total underwriting and fee revenues increased $80.5 million, or 47.3%, driven by growth in all business lines. The increase in U.S. Insurance was $52.5 million, or 42.8%, driven by growth in commercial, credit and warranty insurance programs. The increase in U.S. Warranty Solutions was $20.1 million, or 48.7%, driven by growth in auto, consumer goods, and premium and warranty finance programs, including the acquisition of

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Sky Auto. Europe Warranty Solutions increased by $8.0 million, or 122.4%, driven by growth in auto and consumer goods warranty programs.

Underwriting and fee margin was $65.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $43.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Total underwriting and fee margin increased $21.9 million, or 50.2%, driven by growth in all business lines. The total underwriting ratio of 73.8% decreased by 0.5% driven by growth and improved margins in U.S. and Europe Warranty Solutions. U.S. Insurance underwriting ratio of 78.9% increased by 0.8% driven by business mix factors. U.S. Warranty Solutions underwriting ratio of 61.8% decreased by 1.8% driven by the impact to margin from the acquisition of Sky Auto. Europe Warranty Solutions underwriting ratio of 64.3% decreased by 7.5% driven by reduced commissions expense as a percent of revenues versus the prior year period.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	Underwriting and Fee Revenues (1)				Underwriting and Fee Margin (1)
	2021		2020		2021		2020
U.S. Insurance	$	504,038	$	369,230	$	101,810	$	77,045
U.S. Warranty Solutions	168,476		116,230		65,453		43,231
Europe Warranty Solutions	34,675		15,345		10,146		5,596
Total	$	707,189	$	500,805	$	177,409	$	125,872

(1)    See “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures.

Underwriting and fee revenues were $707.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $500.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Total underwriting and fee revenues increased $206.4 million, or 41.2%, driven by growth in all business lines. The increase in U.S. Insurance was $134.8 million, or 36.5%, driven by growth in commercial, credit and warranty insurance programs. The increase in U.S. Warranty Solutions was $52.2 million, or 45.0%, driven by growth in auto, consumer goods, and premium and warranty finance programs, including the Sky Auto acquisition. Europe Warranty Solutions increased by $19.3 million, or 126.0%, driven by growth in auto and consumer goods warranty programs.

Underwriting and fee margin was $177.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to $125.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Total underwriting and fee margin increased $51.5 million, or 40.9%, driven by growth in all business lines. Total underwriting ratio of 74.9% was stable as compared to prior year as a result of maintaining consistent profitability while growing insurance lines and warranty service contracts. U.S. Insurance underwriting ratio of 79.8% increased by 0.7% driven by change in business mix. U.S. Warranty Solutions underwriting ratio of 61.1% decreased by 1.7% driven by the impact to margin from the acquisition of Sky Auto. Europe Warranty Solutions underwriting ratio of 70.7% increased by 7.2% as the growing book of business normalized.

Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Return on Average Equity

Adjusted net income represents income before taxes, less provision (benefit) for income taxes, and excluding the after-tax impact of various expenses that we consider to be unique and non-recurring in nature, including merger and acquisition related expenses, stock-based compensation, net realized and unrealized gains (losses), and intangibles amortization associated with purchase accounting.

Adjusted return on average equity represents adjusted net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending stockholders’ equity during the period.

Management uses both these measures for executive compensation and as a measure of the on-going performance of our operations. See “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a reconciliation of adjusted net income and adjusted return on average equity to income before taxes and adjusted return on average equity.

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, adjusted net income and adjusted return on average equity were $19.5 million and 26.8%, respectively, as compared to $12.1 million and 17.1%, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The improvement in both metrics was driven by the growth in underwriting and fee revenues in addition to a 1.0 percentage point improvement in the combined ratio.

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For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, adjusted net income and adjusted return on average equity were $46.4 million and 20.9%, respectively, as compared to $29.8 million and 14.2%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The improvement in both metrics was driven by the growth in underwriting and fee revenues in addition to a 1.1 percentage point improvement in the combined ratio.

Net Investment Income and Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments

The insurance investment portfolio includes investments held in statutory insurance companies and in unregulated entities. The portfolios held in statutory insurance companies are subject to different regulatory considerations, including with respect to types of assets, concentration limits, affiliate transactions and the use of leverage. Fortegra’s investment strategy is designed to achieve attractive risk-adjusted returns across select asset classes, sectors and geographies while maintaining adequate liquidity to meet claims payment obligations. As such, volatility from realized and unrealized gains and losses may impact period-over-period performance. Unrealized gains and losses on equity securities and loans held at fair value impact current period net income, while unrealized gains and losses on AFS securities impact AOCI.

Net investment income includes interest and dividends, net of investment expenses, on invested assets. Net realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments are reported separately from net investment income.

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, net investment income was $3.3 million as compared to $3.0 million in the prior year period, driven by growth in investments, partially offset by lower interest rates. Net realized and unrealized losses were $7.5 million, a decrease of $8.2 million, driven by realized and unrealized losses on equity securities and other investments in the 2021 period as compared to gains in the 2020 period.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net investment income was $9.3 million as compared to $8.8 million in the prior year period, driven by growth in investments, partially offset by lower interest rates. Net realized and unrealized gains were $5.0 million, an increase of $32.3 million, driven by realized and unrealized gains on equity securities in the 2021 period, as compared to losses on equity securities and other investments in the 2020 period.

Tiptree Capital

Tiptree Capital consists of our Mortgage segment, which includes the operating results of Reliance, our mortgage business, and Tiptree Capital - Other, which consists of our other non-insurance operating businesses and investments. As of September 30, 2021, Tiptree Capital - Other includes our Invesque shares, maritime transportation operations, and the mortgage operations of Luxury, which is classified as held for sale on our balance sheet.

Mortgage

Through our Mortgage operating subsidiary, Reliance, we originate, sell, securitize and service one-to-four-family, residential mortgage loans, comprised of conforming mortgage loans, Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”), Veterans Administration (“VA”), United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”), and to a lesser extent, non-agency jumbo prime.

We are an approved seller/servicer for Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”). The Company is also an approved issuer and servicer for Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA” or “Ginnie Mae”). The Company originates residential mortgage loans through its retail distribution channel (directly to consumers) in 39 states and the District of Columbia as of September 30, 2021.

The following tables present the Mortgage segment results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

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Results of Operations

($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
Revenues:
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	$	22,651		$	31,892		$	73,454		$	69,733
Other revenue	4,774			3,987			13,737			11,178
Total revenues	$	27,425		$	35,879		$	87,191		$	80,911
Expenses:
Employee compensation and benefits	$	14,382		$	15,893		$	42,849		$	43,240
Interest expense	276			251			837			891
Depreciation and amortization	218			239			670			715
Other expenses	6,282			5,043			17,716			15,297
Total expenses	$	21,158		$	21,426		$	62,072		$	60,143
Income (loss) before taxes	$	6,267		$	14,453		$	25,119		$	20,768
Key Performance Metrics:
Return on average equity	36.5		%	101.1		%	44.4		%	51.8		%

(1)    See “Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures.

Revenues

Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses)

Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) include gains on sale of mortgage loans and the fair value adjustment in mortgage servicing rights. Gains on the sale of mortgage loans represent the difference between the selling price and carrying value of loans sold and are recognized upon settlement. Such gains also include the changes in fair value of loans held for sale and loan-related hedges and derivatives. We transfer the risk of loss or default to the loan purchaser, however, in some cases we are required to indemnify purchasers for losses related to non-compliance with borrowers’ creditworthiness and collateral requirements. Because of this, we recognize gains on sale net of required indemnification and premium recapture reserves. The fair value adjustment on mortgage servicing rights represents fair value adjustments considering estimated prepayments and other factors associated with changes in interest rates, plus actual run-off in the servicing portfolio. We report these adjustments separate from servicing income and servicing expense.

Other Revenue

Other revenue includes loan origination fees, interest income, and mortgage servicing income. Loan origination fees are earned as mortgage loans are funded. Servicing fees are earned over the life of the loan. Interest income includes interest earned on loans held for sale and interest income on bank balances and short-term investments.

Revenues - Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 compared to 2020

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, we funded $385.0 million of loans, compared to $440.1 million for 2020, a decrease of $55.1 million, or 12.5%. The decrease in origination volumes is driven by lower mortgage refinancing levels across the industry as compared to cyclical highs observed in 2020. Gain on sale margins decreased to 5.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2021, down approximately 130 basis points from 6.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Net realized and unrealized gains for the three months ended September 30, 2021 were $22.7 million, compared to $31.9 million for 2020, a decrease of $9.2 million or 29.0%. The primary drivers of the decreased gains on sale revenues were decreases in origination volumes and gain on sale margins, relative to the third quarter of 2020, partially offset by positive fair value adjustments in mortgage servicing rights of $1.1 million as interest rates increased in the third quarter 2021 relative to the prior period. Other revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was $4.8 million, compared to $4.0 million for 2020, an increase of $0.8 million or 19.7% driven by increased servicing fees associated with increased loans serviced.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we funded $1,180.8 million of loans, compared to $1,186.3 million for 2020, a decrease of $5.5 million, or 0.5%. Origination volumes in the 2021 and 2020 periods were primarily attributed to the lower interest rate environment and rising home prices. Gain on sale margins also decreased to 5.7% for the nine months ended

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September 30, 2021, down approximately 50 basis points from 6.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Net realized and unrealized gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were $73.5 million, compared to $69.7 million for 2020, an increase of $3.7 million or 5.3%. The primary driver of increased gain on sale revenues was positive fair value adjustments in mortgage servicing rights of $5.1 million as interest rates increased from year-end 2020, partially offset by slightly lower volumes and margins. Other revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $13.7 million, compared to $11.2 million for 2020, an increase of $2.6 million or 22.9% driven primarily by higher servicing fees from an increase in loans serviced.

Expenses

Employee Compensation and Benefits

Employee compensation and benefits includes salaries, commissions, benefits, bonuses, other incentive compensation and related taxes for employees. Commissions expense for sales staff generally varies with loan origination volumes.

Interest Expense

Interest expense represents borrowing costs under warehouse and other credit facilities used primarily to fund loan originations. Amortization of deferred financing costs, including commitment fees, is included in interest expense.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation expense is mainly associated with furniture, fixtures and equipment while amortization expense is primarily associated with a trade name and internally developed software.

Other Expenses

Other expenses include loan origination expenses, namely, leads, appraisals, credit reporting and licensing fees, general and administrative expenses, including office rent, insurance, legal, consulting and payroll processing expenses, and servicing expense.

Expenses - Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 compared to 2020

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, employee compensation and benefits was $14.4 million, compared to $15.9 million in 2020, a decrease of $1.5 million or 9.5%. This decrease was driven primarily by reduced commissions on lower origination volumes, in addition to decreased incentive compensation. For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, interest expense was $0.3 million and depreciation and amortization expense was $0.2 million. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, other expenses were $6.3 million compared to $5.0 million in 2020, with the $1.2 million increase driven by increased loan origination expenses, including marketing costs.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, employee compensation and benefits was $42.8 million, compared to $43.2 million in 2020, a decrease of $0.4 million or 0.9%. This decrease was driven primarily by reduced commissions on lower origination volumes. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, interest expense was $0.8 million compared to $0.9 million in 2020. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, depreciation and amortization expense was $0.7 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, other expenses were $17.7 million compared to $15.3 million in 2020 with the $2.4 million increase driven by increased loan origination expenses, including marketing costs.

Income (loss) before taxes

Income before taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was $6.3 million, compared to income before taxes of $14.5 million in 2020. The primary driver of the decline was lower volume and gain on sale margins as compared to the 2020 period.

Income before taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $25.1 million, compared to income before taxes of $20.8 million in 2020. The primary driver of the increase was higher servicing fees attributable to the larger servicing portfolio, in addition to positive fair value adjustments on the mortgage servicing rights asset, as compared to the nine month 2020 period.

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Tiptree Capital - Other

The following tables present a summary of Tiptree Capital - Other results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

Results of Operations

	Three Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	Total revenue				Income (loss) before taxes
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Senior living (Invesque)	$	(10,396)	$	(7,586)	$	(10,396)	$	(7,586)
Maritime transportation	11,424		5,517		5,231		138
Other (1)	11,446		16,226		465		2,470
Total	$	12,474	$	14,157	$	(4,700)	$	(4,978)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	Total revenue				Income (loss) before taxes
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Senior living (Invesque)	$	3,512	$	(63,437)	$	3,512	$	(63,437)
Maritime transportation	25,041		17,218		7,738		1,041
Other (1)	43,712		35,915		1,664		2,989
Total	$	72,265	$	(10,304)	$	12,914	$	(59,407)

(1)    Includes our held for sale mortgage originator (Luxury), asset management, and certain intercompany elimination transactions.

Revenues

Tiptree Capital - Other earns revenues from the following sources: net interest income; revenues on our held for sale mortgage originator; realized and unrealized gains and losses on the Company’s investment holdings (primarily Invesque); and charter revenue from vessels within the Company’s maritime transportation operations.

Revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2021 were $12.5 million compared to revenues of $14.2 million for 2020. The primary drivers of the change in revenues were unrealized losses on Invesque of $10.4 million in the 2021 period compared to unrealized losses of $7.6 million in the 2020 period and lower mortgage gain on sale revenues in the held for sale mortgage originator, partially offset by increased dry-bulk charter rates earned by the maritime transportation business.

Revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were $72.3 million compared to negative revenues of $10.3 million for 2020. The primary driver of the change in revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was unrealized gains on Invesque in the 2021 period compared to unrealized losses in the 2020 period, partially offset by the suspension of its monthly dividend payment in April 2020, increased dry-bulk charter rates earned by the maritime transportation business, and growth in mortgage gain on sale revenues in the held for sale mortgage originator.

Income (loss) before taxes

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the loss before taxes from Tiptree Capital - Other was $4.7 million, compared to a loss before taxes of $5.0 million in 2020. The primary drivers were unrealized losses in the 2021 and 2020 periods on the investment in Invesque. Maritime transportation operations earned higher income before taxes in 2021 compared to 2020 driven by increased revenues from higher dry-bulk charter rates.

The income before taxes from Tiptree Capital - Other for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $12.9 million, compared to a loss before taxes of $59.4 million in 2020. The primary driver of the increase was unrealized gains in the 2021 period compared to losses in the 2020 period on our investment in Invesque, in addition to increased income before taxes in our maritime transportation business due to a rise in dry-bulk charter rates.

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Adjusted net income - Non-GAAP(1)

($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Senior living (Invesque)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,001
Maritime transportation	5,503		475		8,074		1,536
Other	19		20		79		28
Total	$	5,522	$	495	$	8,153	$	3,565

(1)    See “—Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for a discussion of non-GAAP financial measures.

Adjusted net income increased to $8.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $3.6 million in 2020. The increase was driven by improvement in maritime transportation operations from higher dry-bulk charter rates, partially offset by the impact of the discontinuation of the Invesque dividend in April 2020.

Corporate

The following table presents a summary of corporate results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

Results of Operations

($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Employee compensation and benefits	$	1,785	$	1,962	$	5,621	$	5,819
Employee incentive compensation expense	4,835		1,922		10,760		4,293
Interest expense	2,553		2,684		7,675		7,365
Depreciation and amortization	203		203		602		603
Other expenses	1,944		2,254		8,493		7,119
Total expenses	$	11,320	$	9,025	$	33,151	$	25,199

Corporate expenses include expenses of the holding company for interest expense, employee compensation and benefits, and public company and other expenses. Corporate employee compensation and benefits includes the expense of management, legal and accounting staff. Other expenses primarily consisted of audit and professional fees, insurance, office rent and other related expenses.

Employee compensation and benefits, including incentive compensation expense, was $16.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $10.1 million for 2020, driven by an increase in performance related employee incentive compensation. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $7.7 million, up from $7.4 million in 2020, driven by a higher average outstanding balance during the first quarter of 2021 associated with upsizing the borrowing facility in February 2020. As of September 30, 2021, the outstanding borrowing was $115.6 million compared to $120.3 million at December 31, 2020. Other expenses of $8.5 million increased by $1.4 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily driven by $2.2 million of non-recurring professional and legal fees associated with preparation of the registration statement for the potential Fortegra initial public offering in 2021 (which registration statement has been withdrawn), compared to $0.4 million of non-recurring debt extinguishment fees associated with the refinancing of the corporate credit facility in the prior year.

Provision for Income Taxes

The total income tax expense of $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and the total income tax benefit of $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 are reflected as components of net income (loss). For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company’s effective tax rate was equal to 6.6%. The effective rate for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was lower than the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0%, primarily from the impact of the effect of foreign operations and discrete items, partially offset by state taxes. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company’s effective tax rate was equal to (6.1)%. The effective rate for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was lower than the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0% due to the effect of discrete items, including expected refunds arising from the CARES Act.

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The total income tax expense of $11.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and the total income tax benefit of $22.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 are reflected as components of net income (loss). For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company’s effective tax rate was equal to 21.0%. The effective rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was equal to the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0%, due to the impact of state taxes offset by other discrete items. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company’s effective tax rate was equal to 34.7%. The effective rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was higher than the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0%, primarily from the impact of state taxes and other discrete items.

Balance Sheet Information

Tiptree’s total assets were $3,378.4 million as of September 30, 2021, compared to $2,995.8 million as of December 31, 2020. The $382.6 million increase in assets is primarily attributable to the growth in the Insurance segment.

Total stockholders’ equity was $402.1 million as of September 30, 2021, compared to $373.5 million as of December 31, 2020, primarily driven by net income for nine months ended September 30, 2021, partially offset by dividends. As of September 30, 2021, there were 33,888,810 shares of common stock outstanding as compared to 32,682,462 as of December 31, 2020.

The following table is a summary of certain balance sheet information:

	As of September 30, 2021
			Tiptree Capital
($ in thousands)	Insurance		Mortgage		Other		Corporate		Total
Total assets	$	2,832,179	$	205,878	$	314,191	$	26,104	$	3,378,352
Corporate debt	$	161,740	$	—	$	—	$	115,625	$	277,365
Asset based debt	33,350		61,798		14,150		—		109,298
Tiptree Inc. stockholders’ equity	$	283,666	$	62,464	$	112,384	$	(73,302)	$	385,212
Non-controlling interests - Other	10,874		1,263		3,731		1,062		16,930
Total stockholders’ equity	$	294,540	$	63,727	$	116,115	$	(72,240)	$	402,142

NON-GAAP MEASURES AND RECONCILIATIONS

Non-GAAP Reconciliations

In addition to GAAP results, management uses the non-GAAP financial measures underwriting and fee revenues and underwriting and fee margin in order to better explain to investors the underwriting performance of the Company’s programs and the respective retentions between the Company and its agents and reinsurance partners. We also use the non-GAAP financial measures adjusted net income, adjusted return on average equity and Adjusted EBITDA as measures of operating performance and as part of our resource and capital allocation process, to assess comparative returns on invested capital. Adjusted EBITDA is also used in determining incentive compensation for the Company’s executive officers. Management believes these measures provide supplemental information useful to investors as they are frequently used by the financial community to analyze financial performance and to compare relative performance among comparable companies. Adjusted net income, adjusted return on average equity, Adjusted EBITDA, underwriting and fee revenues and underwriting and fee margin are not measurements of financial performance or liquidity under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative or substitute for earned premiums, net income or any other measure derived in accordance with GAAP.

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Underwriting and Fee Revenues and Underwriting and Fee Margin — Non-GAAP (Insurance only)

The following tables present program specific revenue and expenses by business mix. We generally manage exposure to the assumed underwriting risk using both reinsurance (e.g., quota share and excess of loss) and retrospective commission agreements with our partners (e.g., commissions paid are adjusted based on the actual underlying losses incurred), which mitigates Fortegra’s risk. Period-over-period comparisons of revenues and expenses are often impacted by the PORCs and distribution partners’ choice as to whether to retain risk, specifically service and administration fees and ceding commissions, both components of revenue, and policy and contract benefits and commissions paid to our partners and reinsurers. Generally, when losses are incurred, the risk which is retained by our partners and reinsurers is reflected in a reduction in commissions paid. In order to better explain to investors the underwriting performance of the Company’s programs and the respective retentions between the Company and its agents and reinsurance partners, we use the non-GAAP metrics underwriting and fee revenues and underwriting and fee margin.

Underwriting and Fee Revenues — Non-GAAP

We define underwriting and fee revenues as total revenues from the Insurance segment excluding net investment income and net realized and unrealized gains (losses). Underwriting and fee revenues represents revenues generated by underwriting and fee-based operations and allows us to evaluate the Company’s underwriting performance without regard to investment income. We use this metric as we believe it gives our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into our underlying business performance. Underwriting and fee revenues should not be viewed as a substitute for total revenues calculated in accordance with GAAP, and other companies may define underwriting and fee revenues differently.

($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Total revenues	$	246,706	$	174,005	$	721,524	$	482,299
Less: Net investment income	(3,330)		(3,023)		(9,331)		(8,803)
Less: Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	7,492		(659)		(5,004)		27,310
Underwriting and fee revenues	$	250,868	$	170,323	$	707,189	$	500,806

Underwriting and Fee Margin — Non-GAAP

We define underwriting and fee margin as income before taxes from the Insurance segment, excluding net investment income, net realized and unrealized gains (losses), employee compensation and benefits, other expenses, interest expense and depreciation and amortization. Underwriting and fee margin represents the underwriting performance of our underwriting and fee-based programs. As such, underwriting and fee margin excludes general administrative expenses, interest expense, depreciation and amortization and other corporate expenses as those expenses support the vertically integrated business model and not any individual component of the Company’s business mix. We use this metric as we believe it gives our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into the specific performance of our underlying underwriting and fee program. Underwriting and fee margin should not be viewed as a substitute for income before taxes calculated in accordance with GAAP, and other companies may define underwriting and fee margin differently.

($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	13,337	$	13,447	$	49,569	$	418
Less: Net investment income	(3,330)		(3,023)		(9,331)		(8,803)
Less: Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	7,492		(659)		(5,004)		27,310
Plus: Depreciation and amortization	4,307		2,329		12,905		7,229
Plus: Interest expense	4,268		3,988		13,097		11,218
Plus: Employee compensation and benefits	19,526		15,969		57,007		47,927
Plus: Other expenses	20,045		11,666		59,168		40,574
Underwriting and fee margin	$	65,645	$	43,717	$	177,411	$	125,873

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Adjusted Net Income — Non-GAAP

We define adjusted net income as income before taxes, less provision (benefit) for income taxes, and excluding the after-tax impact of various expenses that we consider to be unique and non-recurring in nature, including merger and acquisition related expenses, stock-based compensation, net realized and unrealized gains (losses) and intangibles amortization associated with purchase accounting. We use adjusted net income as an internal operating performance measure in the management of business as part of our capital allocation process. We believe adjusted net income provides useful supplemental information to investors as it is frequently used by the financial community to analyze financial performance between periods and for comparison among companies. Adjusted net income should not be viewed as a substitute for income before taxes calculated in accordance with GAAP, and other companies may define adjusted net income differently.

We present adjustments for amortization associated with acquired intangible assets. The intangible assets were recorded as part of purchase accounting in connection with Tiptree’s acquisition of FFC in 2014, Defend in 2019, and Smart AutoCare and Sky Auto in 2020. The intangible assets acquired contribute to overall revenue generation, and the respective purchase accounting adjustments will continue to occur in future periods until such intangible assets are fully amortized in accordance with the respective amortization periods required by GAAP.

Adjusted Return on Average Equity — Non-GAAP

We define adjusted return on average equity as adjusted net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending stockholders’ equity during the period. See “—Adjusted Net Income—Non-GAAP” above. We use adjusted return on average equity as an internal performance measure in the management of our operations because we believe it gives our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into our results of operations and our underlying business performance. Adjusted return on average equity should not be viewed as a substitute for return on average equity calculated in accordance with GAAP, and other companies may define adjusted return on average equity differently.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
				Tiptree Capital
($ in thousands)	Insurance			Mortgage			Other			Corporate		Total
Income (loss) before taxes	$	13,337		$	6,267		$	(4,700)		$	(11,320)	$	3,584
Less: Income tax (benefit) expense	(3,394)			14			1,591			1,552		(237)
Less: Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	7,428			(1,055)			10,396			—		16,769
Plus: Intangibles amortization (1)	3,830			—			—			—		3,830
Plus: Stock-based compensation expense	475			—			197			832		1,504
Plus: Non-recurring expenses	(28)			—			448			—		420
Plus: Non-cash fair value adjustments	—			—			(815)			—		(815)
Less: Tax on adjustments	(2,115)			(1,265)			(1,595)			650		(4,325)
Adjusted net income	$	19,533		$	3,961		$	5,522		$	(8,286)	$	20,730
Adjusted net income	$	19,533		$	3,961		$	5,522		$	(8,286)	$	20,730
Average stockholders’ equity	$	291,281		$	68,925		$	118,729		$	(75,340)	$	403,595
Adjusted return on average equity	26.8		%	23.0		%	18.6		%	NM%		20.5		%

(1) Specifically associated with acquisition purchase accounting. See Note (3) Acquisitions.

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	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
				Tiptree Capital
($ in thousands)	Insurance			Mortgage			Other			Corporate		Total
Income (loss) before taxes	$	13,447		$	14,453		$	(4,978)		$	(9,025)	$	13,897
Less: Income tax (benefit) expense	(2,167)			(2,830)			3,011			2,830		844
Less: Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	(659)			(66)			7,586			—		6,861
Plus: Intangibles amortization (1)	2,256			—			—			—		2,256
Plus: Stock-based compensation expense	535			1,224			(3)			678		2,434
Plus: Non-recurring expenses	(53)			—			340			(93)		194
Plus: Non-cash fair value adjustments	—			—			(2,441)			—		(2,441)
Less: Tax on adjustments	(1,248)			(916)			(3,020)			(1,054)		(6,238)
Adjusted net income	$	12,111		$	11,865		$	495		$	(6,664)	$	17,807
Adjusted net income	$	12,111		$	11,865		$	495		$	(6,664)	$	17,807
Average stockholders’ equity	$	283,989		$	45,991		$	94,580		$	(70,116)	$	354,441
Adjusted return on average equity	17.1		%	103.2		%	2.1		%	NM%		20.1		%

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
				Tiptree Capital
($ in thousands)	Insurance			Mortgage			Other			Corporate		Total
Income (loss) before taxes	$	49,569		$	25,119		$	12,914		$	(33,151)	$	54,451
Less: Income tax (benefit) expense	(11,157)			(4,448)			(1,350)			5,539		(11,416)
Less: Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	(5,004)			(5,075)			(3,512)			—		(13,591)
Plus: Intangibles amortization (1)	11,499			—			—			—		11,499
Plus: Stock-based compensation expense	1,347			331			209			1,831		3,718
Plus: Non-recurring expenses	2,076			—			729			2,171		4,976
Plus: Non-cash fair value adjustments	—			—			(2,167)			—		(2,167)
Less: Tax on adjustments	(1,930)			(442)			1,330			582		(460)
Adjusted net income	$	46,400		$	15,485		$	8,153		$	(23,028)	$	47,010
Adjusted net income	$	46,400		$	15,485		$	8,153		$	(23,028)	$	47,010
Average stockholders’ equity	$	296,125		$	62,093		$	110,818		$	(81,196)	$	387,840
Adjusted return on average equity	20.9		%	33.3		%	9.8		%	NM%		16.2		%

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
				Tiptree Capital
($ in thousands)	Insurance			Mortgage			Other			Corporate		Total
Income (loss) before taxes	$	418		$	20,768		$	(59,407)		$	(25,199)	$	(63,420)
Less: Income tax (benefit) expense	2,711			(4,061)			14,742			8,638		22,030
Less: Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)	27,310			2,753			65,982			—		96,045
Plus: Intangibles amortization (1)	6,958			—			—			—		6,958
Plus: Stock-based compensation expense	1,378			2,120			155			2,504		6,157
Plus: Non-recurring expenses	2,185			—			340			353		2,878
Plus: Non-cash fair value adjustments	—			—			(2,961)			—		(2,961)
Less: Tax on adjustments	(11,125)			(2,092)			(15,286)			(3,944)		(32,447)
Adjusted net income	$	29,835		$	19,488		$	3,565		$	(17,648)	$	35,240
Adjusted net income	$	29,835		$	19,488		$	3,565		$	(17,648)	$	35,240
Average stockholders’ equity	279,897			43,001			122,554			(58,899)		386,553
Adjusted return on average equity	14.2		%	60.4		%	3.9		%	NM%		12.2		%

(1) Specifically associated with acquisition purchase accounting. See Note (3) Acquisitions.

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Adjusted EBITDA - Non-GAAP

The Company defines Adjusted EBITDA as GAAP net income of the Company plus corporate interest expense, plus income taxes, plus depreciation and amortization expense, less the effects of purchase accounting, plus non-cash fair value adjustments, plus significant non-recurring expenses, and plus unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities reported in other comprehensive income. Adjusted EBITDA is used to determine incentive compensation for the Company’s executive officers. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement of financial performance or liquidity under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative or substitute for GAAP net income.

($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	2,008	$	12,763	$	38,558	$	(43,428)
Add: net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interests	1,339		1,978		4,477		2,038
Income (loss) from continuing operations	$	3,347	$	14,741	$	43,035	$	(41,390)
Corporate debt related interest expense(1)	6,038		6,110		18,402		17,278
Consolidated provision (benefit) for income taxes	237		(844)		11,416		(22,030)
Depreciation and amortization	6,119		4,010		18,261		12,244
Non-cash fair value adjustments(2)	(1,835)		(3,613)		(5,651)		(6,584)
Non-recurring expenses(3)	420		128		4,976		2,642
Unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities	(1,970)		(215)		(5,845)		5,051
Adjusted EBITDA	$	12,356	$	20,317	$	84,594	$	(32,789)

(1)	Corporate debt interest expense includes interest expense from secured corporate credit agreements, junior subordinated notes and preferred trust securities. Interest expense associated with asset-specific debt is not added-back for Adjusted EBITDA.
(2)	For maritime transportation operations, depreciation and amortization is deducted as a reduction in the value of the vessel.
(3)	Acquisition, start-up and disposition costs, including debt extinguishment, legal, taxes, banker fees and other costs.

Book Value per share - Non-GAAP

Management believes the use of this financial measure provides supplemental information useful to investors as book value is frequently used by the financial community to analyze company growth on a relative per share basis. The following table provides a reconciliation between total stockholders’ equity and total shares outstanding, net of treasury shares.

($ in thousands, except per share information)	As of September 30,
	2021		2020
Total stockholders’ equity	$	402,142	$	361,691
Less: Non-controlling interests	16,930		13,953
Total stockholders’ equity, net of non-controlling interests	$	385,212	$	347,738
Total common shares outstanding	33,889		33,563
Book value per share	$	11.37	$	10.36

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our principal sources of liquidity are unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and other liquid investments and distributions from operating subsidiaries, including income from our investment portfolio and sales of assets and investments. We intend to use our cash resources to continue to fund our operations and grow our businesses. We may seek additional sources of cash to fund acquisitions or investments. These additional sources of cash may take the form of debt or equity and may be at the parent, subsidiary or asset level. We are a holding company and our liquidity needs are primarily for interest payments on the Fortress credit facility, compensation, professional fees, office rent and insurance costs. In February 2020, we refinanced our existing facility with Fortress, extending the maturity to February 2025 and increasing the principal amount to $125 million, generating approximately $53 million of cash after repaying the existing facility and expenses. A portion of those funds were invested in Insurance to fund warranty operations, with the remainder used to provide additional liquidity.

Our subsidiaries’ ability to generate sufficient net income and cash flows to make cash distributions will be subject to numerous business and other factors, including restrictions contained in agreements for the strategic investment by Warburg Pincus in Fortegra, our subsidiaries’ financing agreements, regulatory restrictions, availability of sufficient funds at such subsidiaries, general economic and business conditions, tax considerations, strategic plans, financial results and other factors such as target capital ratios and ratio levels anticipated by rating agencies to maintain or improve current ratings. We expect

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our cash and cash equivalents and distributions from operating subsidiaries, our subsidiaries’ access to financing, and sales of investments to be adequate to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months.

As of September 30, 2021, cash and cash equivalents, excluding restricted cash, were $150.5 million, compared to $136.9 million at December 31, 2020, an increase of $13.6 million primarily as a result of additional invested assets at Fortegra.

Our mortgage business relies on short term uncommitted sources of financing as a part of their normal course of operations. To date, we have been able to obtain and renew uncommitted warehouse credit facilities. If we were not able to obtain financing, then we may need to draw on other sources of liquidity to fund our mortgage business. See Note (11) Debt, net in the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements, for additional information regarding our mortgage warehouse borrowings.

We believe that cash flow from operations will provide sufficient capital to continue to grow the business and fund interest on the outstanding debt, capital expenditures and other general corporate needs over the next several years. As we continue to expand our business, including by any acquisitions we may make, we may, in the future, require additional working capital for increased costs.

For purposes of determining enterprise value and Adjusted EBITDA, we consider corporate credit agreements and preferred trust securities, which we refer to as corporate debt, as corporate financing and associated interest expense is added back. The below table outlines this amount by debt outstanding and interest expense at the insurance company and corporate level.

Corporate Debt

($ in thousands)	Corporate Debt Outstanding as of September 30,				Interest Expense for the three months ended September 30,				Interest Expense for the nine months ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020		2021		2020
Insurance	$	161,740	$	160,000	$	3,485	$	3,426	$	10,727	$	9,913
Corporate	115,625		121,875		2,553		2,684		7,675		7,365
Total	$	277,365	$	281,875	$	6,038	$	6,110	$	18,402	$	17,278

As of September 30, 2021, the $115.6 million credit facility with Fortress carries a rate of LIBOR (with a minimum LIBOR rate of 1.0%), plus a margin of 6.75% per annum. The agreement requires quarterly principal payments of approximately $1.56 million. See Note (11) Debt, net in the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements for details.

On August 4, 2020, Fortegra entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement by and among Fortegra and its wholly-owned subsidiary, LOTS Intermediate Co., as borrowers, the lenders from time to time party thereto, certain of Fortegra’s subsidiaries, as guarantors, and Fifth Third Bank, National Association, as the administrative agent and issuing lender (the “Fortegra Credit Agreement”). The Fortegra Credit Agreement provides for a $200.0 million revolving credit facility, all of which is available for the issuance of letters of credit, with a sub-limit of $17.5 million for swing loans, and matures on August 4, 2023.

Consolidated Comparison of Cash Flows

($ in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30,
Total cash provided by (used in):	2021		2020
Net cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities	$	186,039	$	68,215
Investing activities	(201,291)		(65,430)
Financing activities	(499)		33,263
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(15,751)	$	36,048

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities was $186.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. In 2021, the primary sources of cash from operating activities included consolidated net income (excluding unrealized gains and losses), proceeds from mortgage loans outpacing originations and growth in unearned premiums and net deferred revenues, partially offset by increases in deferred acquisition costs and other assets in addition to decreases in other liabilities and accrued expenses.

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Cash provided by operating activities was $68.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. In 2020, the primary sources of cash from operating activities included proceeds from mortgage loans outpacing originations, offset by increases in notes and accounts receivable and decreases in unearned premiums from our insurance operations.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities was $201.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. In 2021, the primary use of cash from investing activities was the purchase of investments outpacing proceeds from the sales of investments in our insurance investment portfolio, and the issuance of notes receivable outpacing proceeds.

Cash used in investing activities was $65.4 million for the year ended nine months ended September 30, 2020. In 2020, the primary use of cash from investing activities was the purchase of investments outpacing proceeds from the sales of investments in our insurance investment portfolio and the issuance of notes receivables outpacing proceeds. This was partially offset by proceeds received in connection with the acquisition of Smart AutoCare.

Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities was $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. In 2021, the primary use of cash from financing activities was the repurchase of $2.9 million of the Company’s common stock, repurchase of $1.1 million of vested subsidiary awards, the payment of $4.0 million in dividends, partially offset by proceeds from borrowings in excess of principal repayments in the mortgage business.

Cash provided by financing activities was $33.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. In 2020, our new

borrowings from various debt arrangements exceeded our principal paydowns, primarily due to increased borrowings on our

secured term credit agreement and our secured corporate revolving credit agreement in our insurance operations, offset by

decreased borrowings on our mortgage warehouse facilities. Net cash provided by increased borrowings under our debt

facilities was offset by the repurchase of $9.2 million of the Company’s common stock and the payment of $4.2 million in

dividends.

Contractual Obligations

The table below summarizes consolidated contractual obligations by period for payments that are due as of September 30, 2021:

($ in thousands)	Less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		More than 5 years		Total
Corporate debt, including interest (1)	$	27,973	$	54,495	$	30,685	$	197,430	$	310,583
Asset based debt	2,867		101,388		7,647		—		111,902
Total debt (2)	$	30,840	$	155,883	$	38,332	$	197,430	$	422,485
Operating lease obligations (3)	8,314		13,510		11,202		14,469		47,495
Total	$	39,154	$	169,393	$	49,534	$	211,899	$	469,980

(1)    Estimated interest obligation calculated for corporate debt as the outstanding borrowing balance is fixed. The Company has an option to redeem junior subordinated notes 10 years from the issue date.

(2)    See Note (11) Debt, net, in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.

(3)    Minimum rental obligation for office leases. The total rent expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 was $6.5 million and $5.2 million, respectively.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The preparation of our financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. There have been no material changes to the critical accounting policies and estimates as discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.

Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards

For a discussion of recently adopted and issued accounting standards, see the section “Recent Accounting Standards” in Note (2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the notes to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

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OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

In the normal course of business, we enter into various off-balance sheet arrangements including entering into derivative financial instruments and hedging transactions, operating leases and sponsoring and owning interests in consolidated and non-consolidated variable interest entities.

Further disclosure on our off-balance sheet arrangements as of September 30, 2021 is presented in the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” in “Part I. Item 1. Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” of this filing as follows:

•Note (10) Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging

•Note (21) Commitments and Contingencies

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 described our Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. There were no material changes to the assumptions or risks during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that material information is recorded, processed, summarized and reported accurately and on a timely basis. Based on such evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Our legal proceedings are discussed under the heading “Litigation” in Note (21) — Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

For information regarding factors that could affect our Company, results of operations and financial condition, see the risk factors discussed under Part I, Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. There have been no material changes in those risk factors.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

Share repurchase activity for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was as follows:

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Period	Purchaser	Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(1)
July 1, 2021 to July 31, 2021	Tiptree Inc.	—	$	—	—
August 1, 2021 to August 31, 2021	Tiptree Inc.	—	$	—	—
September 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021	Tiptree Inc.	—	$	—	—
	Total	—	$	—	—	$	13,669

(1)On November 2, 2020, the Board of Directors of Tiptree authorized Tiptree’s Executive Committee to repurchase up to $20 million of its outstanding common stock in the aggregate from time to time.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

The following documents are filed as a part of this Form 10-Q:
Financial Statements (Unaudited):
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020	F- 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	F- 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	F- 5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	F- 6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	F- 8
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	F- 9
Exhibits:
The Exhibits listed in the Index of Exhibits, which appears immediately following the signature page, is incorporated herein by reference and is filed as part of this Form 10-Q.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Tiptree Inc. has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, there unto duly authorized.

		Tiptree Inc.
Date:	November 3, 2021	By:/s/ Michael Barnes
		Michael Barnes
		Executive Chairman
Date:	November 3, 2021	By:/s/ Jonathan Ilany
		Jonathan Ilany
		Chief Executive Officer
Date:	November 3, 2021	By:/s/ Sandra Bell
		Sandra Bell
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.	Description
10.1	First Amendment to the Equity Interest Purchase Agreement, effective November 3, 2021, by and among Fortegra Warranty Holdings, LLC and Peter Masi.
10.2	Form of Performance Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33549), filed on August 4, 2021 and herein incorporated by reference).
31.1	Certification of Executive Chairman pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
31.2	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
31.3	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
32.1	Certification of Executive Chairman pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).
32.2	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).
32.3	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
104	Cover page from Tiptree’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 formatted in iXBRL (included in Exhibit 101).

*     Attached as Exhibit 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the following materials, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 and (vi) the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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