UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

________________________________

FORM 10-Q

________________________________

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2025

or 

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For transition period from              to             

Commission File Number 001-33390

________________________________________

TFS FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

________________________________________

United States of America		52-2054948
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
7007 Broadway Avenue
Cleveland,	Ohio	44105
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

(216) 441-6000

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange in which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	TFSL	The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	¨
Non-accelerated filer	o	Smaller Reporting Company	☐
Emerging Growth Company	☐

If an emerging company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes ☐      No  x

As of August 5, 2025, there were 280,688,024 shares of the Registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding, of which 227,119,132 shares, or 80.9% of the Registrant’s common stock, were held by Third Federal Savings and Loan Association of Cleveland, MHC, the Registrant’s mutual holding company.

TFS Financial Corporation

INDEX

		Page
	Glossary of Terms	3
PART l – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)
	Consolidated Statements of Condition
	June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024	4
	Consolidated Statements of Income
	Three and Nine Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	5
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	Three and Nine Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	6
	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
	Three and Nine Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	7
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
	Nine Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024	9
	Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	36
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	64
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	67
Part II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	67
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	67
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	68
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	68
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	68
Item 5.	Other Information	69
Item 6.	Exhibits	69
SIGNATURES		70

2

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

TFS Financial Corporation provides the following list of acronyms and defined terms as a tool for the reader. The acronyms and defined terms identified below are used throughout the document.

ACL: Allowance for Credit Losses	FHLB: Federal Home Loan Bank
AOCI: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	FICO: Fair Isaac Corporation
ARM: Adjustable Rate Mortgage	FRB-Cleveland: Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland
ASC: Accounting Standards Codification	Freddie Mac: Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
ASU: Accounting Standards Update	FRS: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Association: Third Federal Savings and Loan	GAAP: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Association of Cleveland	Ginnie Mae: Government National Mortgage Association
BOLI: Bank Owned Life Insurance	GVA: General Valuation Allowances
CDs: Certificates of Deposit	HPI: Home Price Index
CECL: Current Expected Credit Losses	IRR: Interest Rate Risk
CET1: Common Equity Tier 1	IVA: Individual Valuation Allowance
CFPB: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau	LIHTC: Low Income Housing Tax Credit
CLTV: Combined Loan-to-Value	LTV: Loan-to-Value
Company: TFS Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries	NII: Net Interest Income
DFA: Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer	OCC: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
Protection Act	OCI: Other Comprehensive Income
DIF: Deposit Insurance Fund	PCAOB: Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
EPS: Earnings per Share	REMICs: Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits
ESOP: Third Federal Employee (Associate) Stock	REO: Real Estate Owned
Ownership Plan	SEC: United States Securities and Exchange Commission
EVE: Economic Value of Equity	SOFR: Secured Overnight Financing Rate
Fannie Mae: Federal National Mortgage Association	TDR: Troubled Debt Restructuring
FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board	Third Federal Savings, MHC: Third Federal Savings
FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation	and Loan Association of Cleveland, MHC
FHFA: Federal Housing Finance Agency

3

Item 1. Financial Statements

TFS FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION (unaudited)

(In thousands, except share data)

	June 30, 2025		September 30, 2024
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	28,788	$	26,287
Other interest-earning cash equivalents	423,793		437,431
Cash and cash equivalents	452,581		463,718
Investment securities available for sale (amortized cost $549,038 and $553,559, respectively)	525,212		526,251
Mortgage loans held for sale ($29,303 and $10,713 measured at fair value, respectively)	30,977		17,775
Loans held for investment, net:
Mortgage loans	15,591,275		15,321,400
Other loans	7,745		5,705
Deferred loan expenses, net	69,517		64,956
Allowance for credit loss on loans	(72,540)		(70,002)
Loans, net	15,595,997		15,322,059
Mortgage loan servicing rights, net	7,771		7,627
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost	232,538		228,494
Real estate owned, net	1,240		174
Premises, equipment, and software, net	39,061		33,187
Accrued interest receivable	60,434		59,398
Bank owned life insurance contracts	322,595		317,977
Other assets	107,260		114,125
TOTAL ASSETS	$	17,375,666	$	17,090,785
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Deposits	$	10,341,499	$	10,195,079
Borrowed funds	4,882,993		4,792,847
Borrowers’ advances for insurance and taxes	117,899		113,637
Principal, interest, and related escrow owed on loans serviced	30,237		28,753
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	115,032		97,845
Total liabilities	15,487,660		15,228,161
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 700,000,000 shares authorized; 332,318,750 shares issued; 280,779,576 and 280,710,854 outstanding at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively	3,323		3,323
Paid-in capital	1,756,307		1,754,365
Treasury stock, at cost; 51,539,174 and 51,607,896 shares at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively	(771,861)		(772,195)
Unallocated ESOP shares	(19,500)		(22,750)
Retained earnings—substantially restricted	935,742		915,489
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(16,005)		(15,608)
Total shareholders’ equity	1,888,006		1,862,624
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	17,375,666	$	17,090,785

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

4

TFS FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
INTEREST AND DIVIDEND INCOME:
Loans, including fees	$	177,493	$	166,268	$	521,151	$	491,273
Investment securities available for sale	4,816		4,663		14,026		13,534
Other interest and dividend earning assets	9,098		13,975		28,950		40,751
Total interest and dividend income	191,407		184,906		564,127		545,558
INTEREST EXPENSE:
Deposits	76,803		75,521		230,124		212,532
Borrowed funds	39,610		40,112		118,632		123,283
Total interest expense	116,413		115,633		348,756		335,815
NET INTEREST INCOME	74,994		69,273		215,371		209,743
PROVISION (RELEASE) FOR CREDIT LOSSES	1,500		(500)		1,500		(2,500)
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION (RELEASE) FOR CREDIT LOSSES	73,494		69,773		213,871		212,243
NON-INTEREST INCOME:
Fees and service charges, net of amortization	2,467		2,097		6,912		5,690
Net gain on the sale of loans	726		723		3,028		1,646
Increase in and death benefits from bank owned life insurance contracts	2,733		2,254		8,095		7,638
Other	1,122		1,171		2,584		3,308
Total non-interest income	7,048		6,245		20,619		18,282
NON-INTEREST EXPENSE:
Salaries and employee benefits	27,651		26,845		81,923		81,462
Marketing services	5,810		4,867		14,096		14,397
Office property, equipment and software	7,653		7,008		22,114		21,156
Federal insurance premium and assessments	3,519		3,258		10,777		11,049
State franchise tax	1,204		1,244		3,450		3,658
Other expenses	7,348		7,566		19,854		21,541
Total non-interest expense	53,185		50,788		152,214		153,263
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	27,357		25,230		82,276		77,262
INCOME TAX EXPENSE	5,844		5,277		17,316		15,889
NET INCOME	$	21,513	$	19,953	$	64,960	$	61,373
Earnings per share—basic and diluted	$	0.08	$	0.07	$	0.23	$	0.22
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic	278,832,875		278,291,376		278,699,423		278,104,352
Diluted	279,873,274		279,221,360		279,716,745		279,072,087

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

5

TFS FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (unaudited)

(In thousands)

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income	$	21,513	$	19,953	$	64,960	$	61,373
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Net change in unrealized gain on securities available for sale	2,918		42		2,686		9,108
Net change in cash flow hedges	(19,715)		49		(3,083)		(52,439)
Net change in defined benefit plan obligation	—		105		—		733
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(16,797)		196		(397)		(42,598)
Total comprehensive income	$	4,716	$	20,149	$	64,563	$	18,775

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

6

TFS FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Common Stock		Paid-in capital		Treasury stock		Unallocated common stock held by ESOP		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Total shareholders' equity
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	3,323	$	1,751,960	$	(772,195)	$	(24,917)	$	906,908	$	42,418	$	1,907,497
Net Income	—		—		—		—		19,953		—		$	19,953
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—		—		—		—		196		$	196
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released	—		280		—		1,083		—		—		$	1,363
Compensation costs for equity incentive plans	—		840		—		—		—		—		$	840
Treasury stock allocated to equity incentive plans	—		(6)		—		—		—		—		$	(6)
Dividends declared to common shareholders ($0.2825 per common share)	—		—		—		—		(14,779)		—		$	(14,779)
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	3,323	$	1,753,074	$	(772,195)	$	(23,834)	$	912,082	$	42,614	$	1,915,064
	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
	Common Stock		Paid-in capital		Treasury stock		Unallocated common stock held by ESOP		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Total shareholders' equity
Balance at March 31, 2025	$	3,323	$	1,755,054	$	(771,123)	$	(20,584)	$	929,195	$	792	$	1,896,657
Net Income	—		—		—		—		21,513		—		21,513
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—		—		—		—		—		(16,797)		(16,797)
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released	—		312		—		1,084		—		—		1,396
Compensation costs for equity incentive plans	—		947		—		—		—		—		947
Purchase of treasury stock (57,500 shares)	—		—		(740)		—		—		—		(740)
Treasury stock allocated to equity incentive plans	—		(6)		2		—		—		—		(4)
Dividends declared to common shareholders ($0.2825 per common share)	—		—		—		—		(14,966)		—		(14,966)
Balance at June 30, 2025	$	3,323	$	1,756,307	$	(771,861)	$	(19,500)	$	935,742	$	(16,005)	$	1,888,006

7

	For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Common stock		Paid-in capital		Treasury stock		Unallocated common stock held by ESOP		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Total shareholders’ equity
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	3,323	$	1,755,027	$	(776,101)	$	(27,084)	$	886,984	$	85,212	$	1,927,361
Cumulative effect from changes in accounting principle, net of tax1	—		—		—		—		7,898		—		7,898
Net income	—		—		—		—		61,373		—		61,373
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—		—		—		—		—		(42,598)		(42,598)
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released	—		951		—		3,250		—		—		4,201
Compensation costs for equity incentive plans	—		2,926		—		—		—		—		2,926
Treasury stock allocated to equity incentive plan	—		(5,830)		3,906		—		—		—		(1,924)
Dividends declared to common shareholders ($0.8475 per common share)	—		—		—		—		(44,173)		—		(44,173)
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	3,323	$	1,753,074	$	(772,195)	$	(23,834)	$	912,082	$	42,614	$	1,915,064
	For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2025
	Common stock		Paid-in capital		Treasury stock		Unallocated common stock held by ESOP		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Total shareholders’ equity
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	3,323	$	1,754,365	$	(772,195)	$	(22,750)	$	915,489	$	(15,608)	$	1,862,624
Net income	—		—		—		—		64,960		—		64,960
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—		—		—		—		—		(397)		(397)
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released	—		985		—		3,250		—		—		4,235
Compensation costs for equity incentive plans	—		2,802		—		—		—		—		2,802
Purchase of treasury stock (57,500 shares)	—		—		(740)		—		—		—		(740)
Treasury stock allocated to equity incentive plan	—		(1,845)		1,074		—		—		—		(771)
Dividends declared to common shareholders ($0.8475 per common share)	—		—		—		—		(44,707)		—		(44,707)
Balance at June 30, 2025	$	3,323	$	1,756,307	$	(771,861)	$	(19,500)	$	935,742	$	(16,005)	$	1,888,006

1 Related to ASU 2022-02 adopted November 2, 2023, based on September 30, 2023 data.

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

8

TFS FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited) (In thousands)

	For the Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	64,960	$	61,373
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
ESOP and stock-based compensation expense	7,037		7,127
Depreciation and amortization	16,810		14,075
Deferred income taxes	28		(200)
Provision (release) for credit losses	1,500		(2,500)
Net gain on the sale of loans	(3,028)		(1,646)
Other net (gains) losses	(19)		276
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale	63,257		67,711
Loans originated and principal repayments on loans for sale	(57,322)		(88,404)
Increase in bank owned life insurance contracts	(8,109)		(7,638)
Net decrease in interest receivable and other assets	7,230		4,212
Net increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities	1,178		92,894
Net cash provided by operating activities	93,522		147,280
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Loans originated	(2,712,340)		(2,113,358)
Principal repayments on loans	2,278,497		1,980,087
Proceeds from sales, principal repayments and maturities of:
Securities available for sale	145,230		118,313
Proceeds from sale of:
Loans	130,628		106,561
Real estate owned	193		983
FHLB stock	19,742		49,530
Purchases of:
FHLB stock	(23,786)		(34,515)
Securities available for sale	(141,707)		(121,092)
Premises and equipment	(9,310)		(2,349)
Other	2,487		3,001
Net cash used in investing activities	(310,366)		(12,839)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Net increase in deposits	154,792		564,596
Net increase (decrease) in borrowers' advances for insurance and taxes	4,262		(57,660)
Net increase (decrease) in principal and interest owed on loans serviced	1,484		(12,944)
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowed funds	420,000		(742,000)
Proceeds from long-term borrowed funds	100,000		575,000
Repayment of long-term borrowed funds	(426,520)		(276,766)
Cash collateral/settlements received from (provided to) derivative counterparties	(2,131)		(44,851)
Acquisition or net settlement of treasury shares	(1,511)		(1,924)
Dividends paid to common shareholders	(44,669)		(44,203)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	205,707		(40,752)
NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(11,137)		93,689
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—Beginning of period	463,718		466,746
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—End of period	$	452,581	$	560,435
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid for interest on deposits	$	244,322	$	213,378
Cash paid for interest on borrowed funds	151,272		178,708
Cash paid (received) for interest on interest rate swaps	(44,330)		(67,081)
Cash paid for income taxes	11,780		13,724
SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULES OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Transfer of loans to real estate owned	1,240		247
Transfer of loans from held for investment to held for sale	148,789		112,917
Transfer of loans from held for sale to held for investment	1,327		771
Treasury stock issued for stock benefit plans	1,845		5,831

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

9

TFS FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in thousands unless otherwise indicated)

1.BASIS OF PRESENTATION

TFS Financial Corporation, a federally chartered stock holding company, conducts its principal activities through its wholly owned subsidiaries. The principal line of business of the Company is retail consumer banking, including mortgage lending, deposit gathering, and other financial services. As of June 30, 2025, approximately 80.9% of the Company’s outstanding shares were owned by the federally chartered mutual holding company, Third Federal Savings, MHC. The thrift subsidiary of TFS Financial Corporation is Third Federal Savings and Loan Association of Cleveland.

The accounting and financial reporting policies followed by the Company conform in all material respects to U.S. GAAP and to general practices in the financial services industry. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The allowance for credit losses, the valuation of deferred tax assets, and the determination of pension obligations are particularly subject to change.

The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial condition of the Company at June 30, 2025, and its consolidated results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. Such adjustments are the only adjustments reflected in the unaudited interim financial statements.

In accordance with SEC Regulation S-X for interim financial information, these financial statements do not include certain information and footnote disclosures required for complete audited financial statements. The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, contains audited consolidated financial statements and related notes, which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying interim consolidated financial statements. The results of operations for the interim periods disclosed herein are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2025, or for any other period.

Per ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, an entity is required to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Three of the Company's revenue streams within scope of Topic 606 are the sales of REO, interchange income, and deposit account and other transaction-based service fee income. Those streams are not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements and therefore quantitative information regarding these streams is not disclosed.

2.EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share is the amount of earnings available to each share of common stock outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share is the amount of earnings available to each share of common stock outstanding during the reporting period adjusted to include the effect of potentially dilutive common shares. For purposes of computing earnings per share amounts, outstanding shares include shares held by the public, shares held by the ESOP that have been allocated to participants or committed to be released for allocation to participants, and the 227,119,132 shares held by Third Federal Savings, MHC. For purposes of computing dilutive earnings per share, stock options and restricted and performance share units with a dilutive impact are added to the outstanding shares used in the basic earnings per share calculation. Unvested shares awarded pursuant to the Company's restricted stock plans are treated as participating securities in the computation of EPS pursuant to the two-class method as they contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends. The two-class method is an earnings allocation that determines EPS for each class of common stock and participating security. Performance share units, determined to be contingently issuable and not participating securities, are excluded from the calculation of basic EPS. At June 30, 2025 and 2024, the ESOP held 1,950,026 and 2,383,366 shares, respectively, that were neither allocated to participants nor committed to be released to participants.

10

The following is a summary of the Company's earnings per share calculations.

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,
	2025					2024
	Income		Shares	Per share amount		Income		Shares	Per share amount
	(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Net income	$	21,513				$	19,953
Less: income allocated to restricted stock units	363					343
Basic earnings per share:
Income available to common shareholders	21,150		278,832,875	$	0.08	19,610		278,291,376	$	0.07
Diluted earnings per share:
Effect of dilutive potential common shares			1,040,399					929,984
Income available to common shareholders	$	21,150	279,873,274	$	0.08	$	19,610	279,221,360	$	0.07

	For the Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2025					2024
	Income		Shares	Per share amount		Income		Shares	Per share amount
	(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Net income	$	64,960				$	61,373
Less: income allocated to restricted stock units	1,076					1,090
Basic earnings per share:
Income available to common shareholders	63,884		278,699,423	$	0.23	60,283		278,104,352	$	0.22
Diluted earnings per share:
Effect of dilutive potential common shares			1,017,322					967,735
Income available to common shareholders	$	63,884	279,716,745	$	0.23	$	60,283	279,072,087	$	0.22

The following is a summary of outstanding stock options and restricted and performance share units that are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,		For the Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2025	2024	2025	2024
Options to purchase shares	1,230,475	2,231,475	1,215,475	2,231,475
Restricted and performance stock units	20,000	30,000	20,000	30,000

3.INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Investments available for sale are summarized in the tables below.

	June 30, 2025
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized				Fair Value
			Gains		Losses
REMICs	$	483,774	$	2,212	$	(26,049)	$	459,937
Fannie Mae certificates	2,658		85		(4)		2,739
Freddie Mac certificates	8,477		82		(26)		8,533
U.S. government and agency obligations	54,129		—		(126)		54,003
Total	$	549,038	$	2,379	$	(26,205)	$	525,212

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	September 30, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized				Fair Value
			Gains		Losses
REMICs	$	476,680	$	1,202	$	(28,481)	$	449,401
Fannie Mae certificates	2,810		137		(2)		2,945
Freddie Mac certificates	1,138		—		(9)		1,129
U.S. government and agency obligations	72,931		29		(184)		72,776
Total	$	553,559	$	1,368	$	(28,676)	$	526,251

 At June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, investment securities included $50,111 and $68,932, respectively, of U.S. government obligations pledged as collateral on our open swap positions to meet margin requirements established by the clearing organization. Accrued interest on investment securities is $1,959 and $2,399 at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively, and is reported in accrued interest receivable on the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION.

The following is a summary of our securities portfolio by the period remaining until contractual maturity and by weighted average yield at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024. Maturities are based on the final contractual payment dates, and do not reflect the impact of prepayments or early redemptions that may occur. Weighted average yields are not presented on a tax-equivalent basis and are calculated by multiplying each carry value by its yield and dividing the sum of these results by the total carry values. We did not hold any tax-exempt securities at June 30, 2025 or September 30, 2024.

	June 30, 2025						September 30, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Weighted Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Weighted Average Yield
Due in one year or less	$	50,205	$	50,203	4.32	%	$	69,192	$	69,219	5.25	%
Due after one to five years	5,047		4,920		1.56		7,551		7,332		1.87
Due after five to ten years	36,839		36,375		3.76		27,639		27,162		3.22
Ten years or greater	456,947		433,714		3.42		449,177		422,538		3.16
Total	$	549,038	$	525,212	3.51	%	$	553,559	$	526,251	3.40	%

Gross unrealized losses on available for sale securities and the estimated fair value of the related securities, aggregated by the length of time the securities have been in a continuous loss position, at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, were as follows:

	June 30, 2025
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Available for sale—
REMICs	$	1,941	$	3	$	281,429	$	26,046	$	283,370	$	26,049
Fannie Mae certificates	—		—		99		4		99		4
Freddie Mac certificates	—		—		1,108		26		1,108		26
U.S. government and agency obligations	50,111		1		3,893		125		54,004		126
Total	$	52,052	$	4	$	286,529	$	26,201	$	338,581	$	26,205

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	September 30, 2024
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Available for sale—
REMICs	$	9,393	$	9	$	325,660	$	28,472	$	335,053	$	28,481
Fannie Mae certificates	—		—		101		2		101		2
Freddie Mac certificates	—		—		1,129		9		1,129		9
U.S. government and agency obligations	—		—		3,844		184		3,844		184
Total	$	9,393	$	9	$	330,734	$	28,667	$	340,127	$	28,676

The unrealized losses on investment securities were attributable to an increase in market interest rates. The investment portfolio is comprised entirely of securities issued by U.S. government entities and agencies, which supports an expectation of no credit loss estimates since principal and interest payments due on these securities carry the full faith and credit guaranty of the U.S. government. In addition, the U.S. Treasury Department has established financing agreements to ensure Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac meet their obligations to holders of mortgage-backed securities that they have issued or guaranteed.

Since the decline in value is primarily attributable to an increase in market interest rates and not credit quality deterioration, and because there is no intent to sell the securities and it is unlikely that the Company will be required to sell the securities prior to recovery of the amortized cost, the Company did not record an allowance for credit losses on investment securities as of June 30, 2025 or September 30, 2024.

4.LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

LOAN PORTFOLIOS

Loans held for investment consist of the following:

	June 30, 2025		September 30, 2024
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	10,969,930	$	11,385,142
Residential Home Today	37,474		40,936
Home equity lines of credit (1)	3,881,132		3,323,381
Home equity loans (1)	695,004		561,926
Construction	14,506		21,701
Real estate loans	15,598,046		15,333,086
Other loans	7,745		5,705
Add (deduct):
Deferred loan expenses, net	69,517		64,956
Loans in process	(6,771)		(11,686)
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(72,540)		(70,002)
Loans held for investment, net	$	15,595,997	$	15,322,059

(1) At and for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, balances of and activity related to home equity lines of credit and home equity loans are reported as separate line items. Prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

Loans held for investment are carried at amortized cost, which includes outstanding principal balance adjusted for any unamortized premiums or discounts, net of deferred fees and expenses and any applicable loans-in-process. Accrued interest is $58,461 and $56,982 as of June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively, and is reported in accrued interest receivable on the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION.

A large concentration of the Company’s lending is in Ohio and Florida. At June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, the percentage of aggregate Residential Core, Residential Home Today and Construction loans secured by properties in Ohio were 59% and 58%, respectively, and the percentage of those loans secured by properties in Florida was 17% at both dates. As of

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June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, home equity lines of credit were concentrated in Ohio (22% and 23%, respectively), Florida (22% at both dates), and California (17% and 16%, respectively), and home equity loans were concentrated in Ohio (24% and 26%, respectively), Florida (23% and 25%, respectively), and California (18% and 19%, respectively).

Residential Core mortgage loans represent the largest portion of the residential real estate portfolio. The Company believes overall credit risk is low based on the nature, composition, collateral, products, lien position and historical performance of the portfolio. The portfolio does not include loan types or structures that have experienced severe performance problems at other financial institutions (sub-prime, no documentation or pay-option adjustable-rate mortgages). The portfolio contains "Smart Rate" adjustable-rate mortgage loans whereby the interest rate is locked initially for three or five years then resets annually, subject to periodic rate adjustments caps and various re-lock options available to the borrower. Although the borrower is qualified for its loan at a higher rate than the initial rate offered, the adjustable-rate feature may impact a borrower's ability to afford the higher payments upon rate reset during periods of rising interest rates while this repayment risk may be reduced in a declining or low rate environment. With limited historical loss experience compared to other types of loans in the portfolio, judgment is required by management in assessing the allowance required on adjustable-rate mortgage loans. The principal amount of adjustable-rate mortgage loans included in the Residential Core portfolio was $4,056,491 and $4,379,132 at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively.

Home Today was an affordable housing program targeted to benefit low- and moderate-income home buyers. Most loans under the program were originated prior to 2009. No new loans were originated under the Home Today program after 2016. Home Today loans have greater credit risk than traditional residential real estate mortgage loans.

The Company originates construction loans to individuals for the construction of their personal single-family residence by a qualified builder (construction/permanent loans). The Company’s construction/permanent loans generally provide for disbursements to the builder or sub-contractors during the construction phase as work progresses. During the construction phase, the borrower only pays interest on the drawn balance. Upon completion of construction, the loan converts to a permanent amortizing loan without the expense of a second closing. The Company offers construction/permanent loans with fixed or adjustable-rates, and a current maximum loan-to-completed-appraised value ratio of 85%.

Other loans are comprised of loans secured by certificate of deposit accounts, which are fully secured and recoverable in the event of non-payment, and forgivable down payment assistance loans, which are unsecured loans used as down payment assistance to borrowers qualified through partner housing agencies. The Company records a liability for the down payment assistance loans which are forgiven in equal increments over a pre-determined term, subject to residency requirements.

Loans held for sale include loans originated or acquired with the intent to sell which are generally priced in alignment with secondary market pricing and may be subject to loan level pricing adjustments. Additionally, loans originated or acquired for the held for investment portfolio may later be identified for sale and transferred to the held for sale portfolio, which may include loans originated or acquired within the parameters of programs established by Fannie Mae. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, reclassifications to the held for sale portfolio included loans that were sold during the period, including those in contracts pending settlement at the end of the period, and loans originated for the held for investment portfolio that were later identified for sale. At June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, mortgage loans held for sale totaled $30,977 and $17,775, respectively. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, the principal balance of loans sold, according to trade date, was $63,372 and $210,562 (including loans in contracts pending settlement) compared to $69,420 and $190,743 (including loans in contracts pending settlement) during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2024. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, the amortized cost of loans originated as held for sale that were subsequently transferred to the held for investment portfolio was $0 and $1,327, respectively, compared to $771 during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2024.

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DELINQUENCY and NON-ACCRUAL

An aging analysis of the amortized cost in loan receivables that are past due at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, is summarized in the following tables. When a loan is more than one month past due on its scheduled payments, the loan is considered 30 days or more past due, regardless of the number of days in each month.

	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total
June 30, 2025
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	6,334	$	2,801	$	9,900	$	19,035	$	10,977,395	$	10,996,430
Residential Home Today	893		336		667		1,896		35,113		37,009
Home equity lines of credit	5,592		1,189		4,657		11,438		3,907,593		3,919,031
Home equity loans	1,286		37		576		1,899		698,772		700,671
Construction	—		—		—		—		7,651		7,651
Total real estate loans	14,105		4,363		15,800		34,268		15,626,524		15,660,792
Other loans	—		—		—		—		7,745		7,745
Total	$	14,105	$	4,363	$	15,800	$	34,268	$	15,634,269	$	15,668,537

	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total
September 30, 2024
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	7,554	$	4,024	$	8,881	$	20,459	$	11,388,395	$	11,408,854
Residential Home Today	814		307		693		1,814		38,657		40,471
Home equity lines of credit	3,556		1,014		4,078		8,648		3,351,495		3,360,143
Home equity loans	578		107		282		967		565,906		566,873
Construction	—		—		—		—		10,015		10,015
Total real estate loans	12,502		5,452		13,934		31,888		15,354,468		15,386,356
Other loans	—		—		—		—		5,705		5,705
Total	$	12,502	$	5,452	$	13,934	$	31,888	$	15,360,173	$	15,392,061

Loans are placed in non-accrual status when they are contractually 90 days or more past due. The number of days past due is determined by the number of scheduled payments that remain unpaid, assuming a period of 30 days between each scheduled payment. Loans with a partial charge-off are placed in non-accrual and will remain in non-accrual status until, at a minimum, the loss is recovered. Loans modified that were in non-accrual status prior to modification and loans with forbearance plans that were subsequently modified, are reported in non-accrual status for a minimum of six months after modification. Loans modified with a high debt-to-income ratio, per the Company's modification policy, at the time of modification are placed in non-accrual status for a minimum of 12 months. Additionally, home equity loans and lines of credit where the customer has a severely delinquent first mortgage loan (greater than 90 days past due) and loans in Chapter 7 bankruptcy status where all borrowers have filed, and not reaffirmed or been dismissed, are placed in non-accrual status.

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The amortized cost of loan receivables in non-accrual status is summarized in the following table. Non-accrual with no ACL describes non-accrual loans which have no quantitative allowance, primarily because they have already been subject to collateral review and any required charge-offs have been taken, but may be included in consideration of qualitative allowance factors. There are no loans 90 or more days past due and still accruing at June 30, 2025 or September 30, 2024.

	June 30, 2025				September 30, 2024
	Non-accrual with No ACL		Total Non-accrual		Non-accrual with No ACL		Total Non-accrual
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	18,637	$	22,552	$	18,937	$	21,058
Residential Home Today	3,042		3,139		3,506		3,672
Home equity lines of credit	9,121		10,426		7,610		8,361
Home equity loans	1,137		1,137		460		519
Total non-accrual loans	$	31,937	$	37,254	$	30,513	$	33,610

At June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, the amortized cost in non-accrual loans includes $21,468 and $19,704, respectively, which are performing according to the terms of their agreement, of which $13,914 and $11,532, respectively, are loans in Chapter 7 bankruptcy status, primarily where all borrowers have filed, and have not reaffirmed or been dismissed. At June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, real estate loans include $10,759 and $10,527, respectively, of loans that were in the process of foreclosure.

Interest on loans in accrual status is recognized in interest income as it accrues on a daily basis. Accrued interest on loans in non-accrual status is written off by a charge to interest income and income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received. The Company has elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable amounts since amounts are written off timely. Cash payments on loans in non-accrual status are applied to the oldest scheduled, unpaid payment first. The amount of interest income recognized on non-accrual loans was $278 and $757 for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, and $183 and $507 for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. Cash payments on loans with a partial charge-off are applied fully to principal, then to recovery of the charged off amount prior to interest income being recognized, except cash payments may be applied to interest capitalized in a modification when collection of remaining amounts due is considered probable. A non-accrual loan is generally returned to accrual status when contractual payments are less than 90 days past due. However, a loan may remain in non-accrual status when collectability is uncertain, such as a modification that has not met minimum payment requirements, a loan with a partial charge-off, a home equity loan or line of credit with a delinquent first mortgage greater than 90 days past due, or a loan in Chapter 7 bankruptcy status where all borrowers have filed, and have not reaffirmed or been dismissed.

ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The allowance for credit losses represents the estimate of lifetime losses in the loan portfolio and unfunded loan commitments. The allowance is estimated at each reporting date using relevant available information relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company utilizes loan level regression models with forecasted economic data to derive the probability of default and loss given default factors. These factors are used to calculate the loan level credit loss over a 24-month period with an immediate reversion to historical mean loss rates for the remaining life of the loans.

Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Qualitative adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency status or likely recovery of previous loan charge-offs. Qualitative adjustments for expected changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in unemployment rates, property values or other relevant factors, are recognized when forecasted economic data used in the model differs from management's view or contains a significant level of uncertainty. Identifiable model limitations may also lead to qualitative adjustments, such as those made to reflect the expected recovery of loan amounts previously charged-off, beyond what the model is able to project. The qualitative adjustments resulted in a negative ending balance on the allowance for credit losses for the Home Today portfolio, where recoveries are expected to exceed charge-offs over the remaining life of that portfolio. The net qualitative adjustment at June 30, 2025, was a reduction to the allowance for credit losses of $3,382, compared to a reduction of $5,519 at September 30, 2024. Qualitative adjustments are evaluated quarterly, at a minimum, based on current facts and circumstances.

Partial or full charge-offs are recognized for the amount of credit losses on loans when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Charge-offs are taken when:

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•For residential mortgage loans, payments are at least 150 days delinquent, but no later than 180 days delinquent;

•For home equity loans and lines of credit and modified residential loans, payments are greater than 90 days delinquent;

•For all classes of loan modifications with a high debt-to-income ratio at time of modification;

•For all classes of loans, a sheriff sale is scheduled within 60 days to sell the collateral securing the loan;

•For all classes of loans, all borrowers have been discharged of their obligation through a Chapter 7 bankruptcy;

•For all classes of loans, within 60 days of notification, all borrowers obligated on the loan have filed Chapter 7 bankruptcy and have not reaffirmed or been dismissed;

•For all classes of loans, a borrower obligated on a loan has filed bankruptcy and the loan is greater than 30 days delinquent; and

•For all classes of loans, it becomes evident that a loss is probable.

Charge-offs on residential mortgage loans, home equity loans and lines of credit, and construction loans are also recognized when triggering events, such as foreclosure actions, short sales, or deeds accepted in lieu of repayment, result in less than full repayment of the amortized cost in the loans.

For all classes of loans, a loan is considered collateral-dependent when, based on current information and events, the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale of the collateral or foreclosure is probable. Factors considered in determining that a loan is collateral-dependent may include the deteriorating financial condition of the borrower, indicated by missed or delinquent payments, or a pending legal action, such as bankruptcy or foreclosure.

Collateral-dependent residential mortgage loans and construction loans are charged-off to the extent the amortized cost in the loan, net of anticipated mortgage insurance claims, exceeds the fair value, less estimated costs to dispose of the underlying property. Management can determine if the loan is uncollectible for reasons such as foreclosures exceeding a reasonable time frame and recommend a full charge-off. Home equity loans or lines of credit are charged-off to the extent the amortized cost in the loan plus the balance of any senior liens exceeds the fair value, less estimated costs to dispose of the underlying property, or management determines the collateral is not sufficient to satisfy the loan. A loan in any portfolio identified as collateral-dependent will continue to be reported as such until it is no longer considered collateral-dependent, is less than 30 days past due and does not have a prior charge-off. A loan in any portfolio that has a partial charge-off will continue to be individually evaluated for credit loss until, at a minimum, the loss has been recovered.

Activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment is summarized as follows. See Note 11. LOAN COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES for further details on the allowance for unfunded commitments.

	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
	Beginning Balance		Provisions (Releases)		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	40,665	$	119	$	—	$	195	$	40,979
Residential Home Today	(2,440)		(1,045)		(7)		570		(2,922)
Home equity lines of credit	19,462		1,150		(213)		389		20,788
Home equity loans	12,832		823		—		11		13,666
Construction	27		2		—		—		29
Total real estate loans	$	70,546	$	1,049	$	(220)	$	1,165	$	72,540
Total Unfunded Loan Commitments (1)	$	29,380	$	451	$	—	$	—	$	29,831
Total Allowance for Credit Losses	$	99,926	$	1,500	$	(220)	$	1,165	$	102,371

(1) For all periods presented, the total allowance for unfunded loan commitments is recognized in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION and primarily relates to undrawn home equity lines of credit.

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	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Beginning Balance		Provisions (Releases)		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	47,714	$	(2,924)	$	(29)	$	453	$	45,214
Residential Home Today	(2,624)		(1,076)		(73)		669		(3,104)
Home equity lines of credit	14,376		764		(143)		453		15,450
Home equity loans	8,622		1,281		(18)		34		9,919
Construction	81		(51)		—		20		50
Total real estate loans	$	68,169	$	(2,006)	$	(263)	$	1,629	$	67,529
Total Unfunded Loan Commitments (1)	$	26,657	$	1,506	$	—	$	—	$	28,163
Total Allowance for Credit Losses	$	94,826	$	(500)	$	(263)	$	1,629	$	95,692

(1) For all periods presented, the total allowance for unfunded loan commitments is recognized in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION and primarily relates to undrawn home equity lines of credit.

	For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2025
	Beginning Balance		Provisions (Releases)		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	44,402	$	(4,251)	$	(18)	$	846	$	40,979
Residential Home Today	(2,672)		(1,664)		(15)		1,429		(2,922)
Home equity lines of credit	16,590		3,395		(767)		1,570		20,788
Home equity loans	11,642		2,011		(17)		30		13,666
Construction	40		(11)		—		—		29
Total real estate loans	$	70,002	$	(520)	$	(817)	$	3,875	$	72,540
Total Unfunded Loan Commitments (1)	$	27,811	$	2,020	$	—	$	—	$	29,831
Total Allowance for Credit Losses	$	97,813	$	1,500	$	(817)	$	3,875	$	102,371

(1) For all periods presented, the total allowance for unfunded loan commitments is recognized in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION and primarily relates to undrawn home equity lines of credit.

	For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Beginning Balance		Adoption of ASU 2022-022		Provisions (Releases)		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	55,375	$	(5,896)	$	(5,076)	$	(216)	$	1,027	$	45,214
Residential Home Today	(1,236)		(1,896)		(1,517)		(103)		1,648		(3,104)
Home equity lines of credit	16,086		(2,468)		613		(661)		1,880		15,450
Home equity loans	6,961		(2)		2,931		(34)		63		9,919
Construction	129		—		(99)		—		20		50
Total real estate loans	$	77,315	$	(10,262)	$	(3,148)	$	(1,014)	$	4,638	$	67,529
Total Unfunded Loan Commitments (1)	$	27,515	$	—	$	648	$	—	$	—	$	28,163
Total Allowance for Credit Losses	$	104,830	$	(10,262)	$	(2,500)	$	(1,014)	$	4,638	$	95,692

(1) For all periods presented, the total allowance for unfunded loan commitments is recognized in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION and primarily relates to undrawn home equity lines of credit.

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CLASSIFIED LOANS

The following tables provide the amortized cost and information about the credit quality of residential loan receivables by an internally assigned grade as of the dates presented. Revolving loans reported at amortized cost include home equity lines of credit currently in their draw period. Revolving loans converted to term are home equity lines of credit that are in repayment. Loans, or the portions of loans, classified as loss are fully charged-off in the period in which they are determined to be uncollectible; therefore they are not included in the following tables. No Home Today loans are classified Special Mention and all construction loans are classified Pass for both periods presented.

													Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term
	By fiscal year of origination
	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior						Total
June 30, 2025
Real estate loans:
Residential Core
Pass	$	590,622	$	480,437	$	1,408,531	$	2,730,062	$	1,682,782	$	4,074,281	$	—	$	—	$	10,966,715
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		723		—		—		723
Substandard	—		165		1,660		3,803		2,620		20,744		—		—		28,992
Total Residential Core	590,622		480,602		1,410,191		2,733,865		1,685,402		4,095,748		—		—		10,996,430
Residential Home Today (1)
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		33,275		—		—		33,275
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		3,734		—		—		3,734
Total Residential Home Today	—		—		—		—		—		37,009		—		—		37,009
Home equity lines of credit
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		3,845,469		52,958		3,898,427
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		5,953		269		6,222
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		8,935		5,447		14,382
Total Home equity lines of credit	—		—		—		—		—		—		3,860,357		58,674		3,919,031
Home equity loans
Pass	232,113		251,980		135,506		47,559		14,847		15,604		—		—		697,609
Special Mention	309		837		231		21		—		16		—		—		1,414
Substandard	—		142		1,008		209		110		179		—		—		1,648
Total Home equity loans	232,422		252,959		136,745		47,789		14,957		15,799		—		—		700,671
Total Construction	4,673		2,978		—		—		—		—		—		—		7,651
Total real estate loans
Pass	827,408		735,395		1,544,037		2,777,621		1,697,629		4,123,160		3,845,469		52,958		15,603,677
Special Mention	309		837		231		21		—		739		5,953		269		8,359
Substandard	—		307		2,668		4,012		2,730		24,657		8,935		5,447		48,756
Total real estate loans	$	827,717	$	736,539	$	1,546,936	$	2,781,654	$	1,700,359	$	4,148,556	$	3,860,357	$	58,674	$	15,660,792

(1) No new originations of Home Today loans since fiscal year 2016.

19

													Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted To Term
	By fiscal year of origination
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior						Total
September 30, 2024
Real estate loans:
Residential Core
Pass	$	573,935	$	1,500,928	$	2,934,968	$	1,841,516	$	1,205,702	$	3,323,146	$	—	$	—	$	11,380,195
Special Mention	—		—		—		1,050		—		795		—		—		1,845
Substandard	178		1,629		2,416		1,157		1,814		19,620		—		—		26,814
Total Residential Core	574,113		1,502,557		2,937,384		1,843,723		1,207,516		3,343,561		—		—		11,408,854
Residential Home Today (1)
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		36,116		—		—		36,116
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		4,355		—		—		4,355
Total Residential Home Today	—		—		—		—		—		40,471		—		—		40,471
Home equity lines of credit
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		—		3,290,851		54,190		3,345,041
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		3,735		607		4,342
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		5,880		4,880		10,760
Total Home equity lines of credit	—		—		—		—		—		—		3,300,466		59,677		3,360,143
Home equity loans
Pass	305,870		163,969		57,254		18,461		5,147		14,621		—		—		565,322
Special Mention	111		613		101		—		—		51		—		—		876
Substandard	—		196		151		141		43		144		—		—		675
Total Home equity loans	305,981		164,778		57,506		18,602		5,190		14,816		—		—		566,873
Total Construction	7,932		2,083		—		—		—		—		—		—		10,015
Total real estate loans
Pass	887,737		1,666,980		2,992,222		1,859,977		1,210,849		3,373,883		3,290,851		54,190		15,336,689
Special Mention	111		613		101		1,050		—		846		3,735		607		7,063
Substandard	178		1,825		2,567		1,298		1,857		24,119		5,880		4,880		42,604
Total real estate loans	$	888,026	$	1,669,418	$	2,994,890	$	1,862,325	$	1,212,706	$	3,398,848	$	3,300,466	$	59,677	$	15,386,356

(1) No new originations of Home Today loans since fiscal year 2016.

The following table presents gross charge-offs of residential loan receivables recorded during the fiscal year-to-date periods presented. There were no gross charge-offs in the construction loan portfolios for the periods presented.

	For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2025
	By fiscal year of origination												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term
	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior						Total
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	18	$	—	$	—	$	18
Residential Home Today	—		—		—		—		—		15		—		—		15
Home equity lines of credit	—		—		—		—		—		—		393		374		767
Home equity loans	—		—		—		—		17		—		—		—		17
Total real estate loans	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	17	$	33	$	393	$	374	$	817

20

	For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2024
	By fiscal year of origination												Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior						Total
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	11	$	—	$	10	$	—	$	—	$	195	$	—	$	—	$	216
Residential Home Today	—		—		—		—		—		103		—		—		103
Home equity lines of credit	—		—		—		—		—		—		369		292		661
Home equity loans	—		—		16		18		—		—		—		—		34
Total real estate loans	$	11	$	—	$	26	$	18	$	—	$	298	$	369	$	292	$	1,014

The home equity lines of credit that converted from revolving to term loans during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, totaled $5,109 and $11,333, respectively, and during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2024, totaled $4,392 and $6,558, respectively. The amount of conversions to term loans is expected to remain relatively low for several years since the length of the draw period on new originations changed from five to 10 years in 2016.

Residential loans are internally assigned a grade that complies with the guidelines outlined in the OCC’s Handbook for Rating Credit Risk. Pass loans are assets well protected by the current paying capacity of the borrower. Special Mention loans have a potential weakness, as evaluated based on delinquency status or nature of the product, that the Company deems to deserve management’s attention and may result in further deterioration in their repayment prospects and/or the Company’s credit position. Substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current payment capacity of the borrower or the collateral pledged with a defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. Also included in Substandard are performing home equity loans and lines of credit where the customer has a severely delinquent first mortgage to which the performing home equity loan or line of credit is subordinate and all loans in Chapter 7 bankruptcy status where all borrowers have filed, and have not reaffirmed or been dismissed. Loss loans are considered uncollectible and are charged-off when identified. Loss loans are of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted even though partial recovery may be effected in the future.

Other loans are internally assigned a grade of non-performing when they become 90 days or more past due. At June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, no other loans were graded as non-performing.

MODIFICATIONS TO BORROWERS EXPERIENCING FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY

To mitigate losses, the Company works with borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty to identify solutions the borrowers can afford by entering into agreements to modify their loans. These efforts often result in modifications to the payment terms of the loan, which vary by situation and may include interest rate reductions, term extensions (generally including capitalization of delinquent amounts), significant payment delays (including forbearance, partial payments and repayment of delinquent amounts), other, or a combination thereof. The Company does not generally offer principal forgiveness as a type of modification. The Other category includes loans that were modified multiple times during the period with different concessions.

If a borrower is experiencing an income curtailment that temporarily has reduced their capacity to repay, such as loss of employment, reduction of work hours, non-paid leave or short-term disability, a temporary modification is considered. If a borrower lacks the capacity to repay the loan at the current terms due to a permanent condition, a permanent modification is considered. Loans may be modified more than once. Among other requirements, a subsequent modification may be available for a borrower upon the expiration of temporary modified terms if the borrower is unable to resume contractually scheduled loan payments. In evaluating the need for a subsequent modification, the borrower’s ability to repay is generally assessed utilizing a debt-to-income and cash flow analysis.

21

The following tables present the amortized cost of modifications by type executed during the periods presented for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, there were no modifications made on construction loans.

	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
	Interest Rate Reduction		Term Extension		Significant Payment Delay		Combination-Rate Reduction & Term Extension		Other		Total		% of Total Class
Residential Core	$	—	$	427	$	658	$	78	$	—	$	1,163	0.01	%
Residential Home Today	—		—		90		156		—		246		0.66
Home equity lines of credit	—		—		106		295		—		401		0.01
Home equity loans	—		—		70		—		—		70		0.01
Total	$	—	$	427	$	924	$	529	$	—	$	1,880	0.01	%

	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Interest Rate Reduction		Term Extension		Significant Payment Delay		Combination-Rate Reduction & Term Extension		Other		Total		% of Total Class
Residential Core	$	—	$	182	$	590	$	16	$	—	$	788	0.01	%
Residential Home Today	—		56		69		37		—		162		0.39
Home equity lines of credit	—		—		471		98		—		569		0.02
Home equity loans	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	238	$	1,130	$	151	$	—	$	1,519	0.01	%

	For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2025
	Interest Rate Reduction		Term Extension		Significant Payment Delay		Combination-Rate Reduction & Term Extension		Other		Total		% of Total Class
Residential Core	$	—	$	997	$	1,662	$	650	$	333	$	3,642	0.03	%
Residential Home Today	—		25		352		157		3		537		1.45
Home equity lines of credit	—		46		297		467		—		810		0.02
Home equity loans	—		—		70		—		—		70		0.01
Total	$	—	$	1,068	$	2,381	$	1,274	$	336	$	5,059	0.03	%

	For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Interest Rate Reduction		Term Extension		Significant Payment Delay		Combination-Rate Reduction & Term Extension		Other		Total		% of Total Class
Residential Core	$	—	$	529	$	2,704	$	843	$	475	$	4,551	0.04	%
Residential Home Today	—		104		221		225		—		550		1.31
Home equity lines of credit	—		—		940		234		25		1,199		0.04
Home equity loans	—		—		45		—		—		45		0.01
Total	$	—	$	633	$	3,910	$	1,302	$	500	$	6,345	0.04	%

22

The following tables present the financial effects of the loan modifications presented above based on the type of modification.

	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025			For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Interest Rate Reduction		Term Extension	Interest Rate Reduction		Term Extension
	Weighted-Average Contractual  Interest Rate		Weighted-Average Years Added to Life	Weighted-Average Contractual  Interest Rate		Weighted-Average Years Added to Life
	From	To		From	To
Residential Core	5.49%	3.50%	6.8	3.39%	2.00%	1.6
Residential Home Today	4.90%	3.89%	3.4	5.63%	2.00%	10.4
Home equity lines of credit	6.57%	3.84%	24.2	7.99%	3.50%	7.3
Home equity loans	—%	—%	0.0	—%	—%	0.0

	For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2025			For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Interest Rate Reduction		Term Extension	Interest Rate Reduction		Term Extension
	Weighted-Average Contractual  Interest Rate		Weighted-Average Years Added to Life	Weighted-Average Contractual  Interest Rate		Weighted-Average Years Added to Life
	From	To		From	To
Residential Core	5.52%	3.50%	10.6	3.97%	2.07%	10.2
Residential Home Today	4.90%	3.89%	2.5	3.91%	2.00%	14.9
Home equity lines of credit	6.74%	3.71%	22.2	6.46%	3.18%	10.6
Home equity loans	—%	—%	0.0	—%	—%	0.0

The performance of loans modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is closely monitored by the Company to evaluate the effectiveness of modification efforts. Modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that subsequently become 90 days or more past due under the modified terms are considered subsequently defaulted. The following table provides information, by type of modification, about loans that were modified within the last 12 months and subsequently defaulted during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024. There were no home equity loans that subsequently defaulted for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024.

	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025
	Interest Rate Reduction		Term Extension		Significant Payment Delay		Combination-Rate Reduction & Term Extension		Other		Total
Residential Core	$	—	$	—	$	297	$	—	$	333	$	630
Residential Home Today	—		—		43		—		3		46
Home equity lines of credit	—		—		31		—		—		31
Total	$	—	$	—	$	371	$	—	$	336	$	707

	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Interest Rate Reduction		Term Extension		Significant Payment Delay		Combination-Rate Reduction & Term Extension		Other		Total
Residential Core	$	—	$	—	$	22	$	14	$	—	$	36
Residential Home Today	—		—		16		—		—		16
Home equity lines of credit	—		—		101		—		—		101
Total1	$	—	$	—	$	139	$	14	$	—	$	153

(1) The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures effective October 1, 2023, therefore, the June 30, 2024 presentation only includes loans modified since adoption.

23

	For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2025
	Interest Rate Reduction		Term Extension		Significant Payment Delay		Combination-Rate Reduction & Term Extension		Other		Total
Residential Core	$	—	$	—	$	297	$	—	$	333	$	630
Residential Home Today	—		—		43		—		3		46
Home equity lines of credit	—		—		31		—		—		31
Total	$	—	$	—	$	371	$	—	$	336	$	707

	For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Interest Rate Reduction		Term Extension		Significant Payment Delay		Combination-Rate Reduction & Term Extension		Other		Total
Residential Core	$	—	$	—	$	22	$	14	$	—	$	36
Residential Home Today	—		—		16		—		—		16
Home equity lines of credit	—		—		195		—		—		195
Total1	$	—	$	—	$	233	$	14	$	—	$	247

(1) The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures effective October 1, 2023, therefore, the June 30, 2024 presentation only includes loans modified since adoption.

The following tables present performance by loan type as of June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, on loans modified during the previous 12 months for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The loans in delinquency status primarily consisted of loans with significant payment delays prior to modification, which continue to be reported delinquent based on their original contractual terms.

June 30, 2025	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total
Residential Core	$	66	$	327	$	1,288	$	1,681	$	3,152	$	4,833
Residential Home Today	41		2		380		423		185		608
Home equity lines of credit	129		—		136		265		645		910
Home equity loans	—		—		70		70		86		156
Total	$	236	$	329	$	1,874	$	2,439	$	4,068	$	6,507

June 30, 2024	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total
Residential Core	$	76	$	745	$	944	$	1,765	$	2,786	$	4,551
Residential Home Today	57		10		210		277		273		550
Home equity lines of credit	282		—		803		1,085		114		1,199
Home equity loans	—		—		45		45		—		45
Total1	$	415	$	755	$	2,002	$	3,172	$	3,173	$	6,345

(1) The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures effective October 1, 2023, therefore, the June 30, 2024 presentation only includes loans modified since adoption.

24

5.DEPOSITS

Deposit account balances are summarized as follows:

	June 30, 2025		September 30, 2024
Checking accounts	$	810,629	$	829,924
Savings accounts, excluding money market accounts	1,101,088		1,127,772
Money market accounts	143,339		193,074
Certificates of deposit	8,271,633		8,021,123
	10,326,689		10,171,893
Accrued interest	14,810		23,186
Total deposits	$	10,341,499	$	10,195,079

The aggregate amount of CDs in denominations of more than $250 was $1,465,541 and $1,283,719 at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively. In accordance with the DFA, the maximum amount of federal deposit insurance is $250 per depositor for each account ownership category.

Brokered CDs (exclusive of acquisition costs and subsequent amortization), which are used as a cost effective funding alternative, totaled $977,499 and $1,217,303 at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively, of which $675,000 and $725,000 were aligned with interest rate swaps as discussed in Note 13. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS. The FDIC places restrictions on banks with regard to issuing brokered deposits based on the bank's capital classification. As a well-capitalized institution at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, the Association may accept brokered deposits without FDIC restrictions.

6.    BORROWED FUNDS

At June 30, 2025, the Association had a maximum borrowing capacity of $7,619,351, of which $4,882,993 was outstanding. Borrowings from the FHLB of Cincinnati are secured by the Association’s investment in the common stock of the FHLB of Cincinnati, as well as by a blanket pledge of its mortgage portfolio not otherwise pledged. The Association also has the ability to purchase Fed Funds through arrangements with other institutions. Additionally, the ability to borrow from the FRB-Cleveland Discount Window is available to the Association and is secured by a pledge of specific loans in the Association’s mortgage portfolio.

Total borrowings at June 30, 2025 are summarized in the table below:

	Borrowing Capacity		Borrowings Available		Borrowings Outstanding
FHLB	$	6,633,552	$	1,768,534	$	4,865,018
FRB Cleveland	530,799		530,799		—
Fed Funds Purchased	455,000		455,000		—
Subtotal	$	7,619,351	$	2,754,333	4,865,018
Accrued Interest					17,975
Total Borrowings					$	4,882,993

25

Maturities of borrowings at June 30, 2025 are summarized in the table below:

	Amount		Weighted Average Rate
Maturing in:
12 months or less	$	1,435,163	3.43	%
13 to 24 months	950,000		3.14
25 to 36 months	926,162		3.76
37 to 48 months	600,870		3.53
49 to 60 months	951,090		3.43
Over 60 months	1,733		1.40
Total Advances	4,865,018		3.45
Accrued interest	17,975
Total	$	4,882,993

All borrowings have fixed rates during their term ranging up to 240 months. The table above reflects the effective maturities and fixed interest rates of the $2,925,000 of short-term FHLB advances that are tied to interest rate swaps discussed in Note 13. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS. Interest is payable monthly for long-term FHLB advances and generally at maturity for FHLB advances with terms of three months or less.

For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, and June 30, 2024, net interest expense related to short-term borrowings was $24,994 and $74,420, and $25,098 and $81,137, respectively.

7.    OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax and the related tax expense (benefit) by component is as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended								For the Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2025								June 30, 2024
	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available for Sale		Cash Flow Hedges		Defined Benefit Plan		Total		Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available for Sale		Cash Flow Hedges		Defined Benefit Plan		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	(21,291)	$	25,518	$	(3,435)	$	792	$	(32,107)	$	83,044	$	(8,519)	$	42,418
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	2,918		(11,917)		—		(8,999)		42		16,525		—		16,567
Amounts reclassified	—		(7,798)		—		(7,798)		—		(16,476)		105		(16,371)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	2,918		(19,715)		—		(16,797)		42		49		105		196
Balance at end of period	$	(18,373)	$	5,803	$	(3,435)	$	(16,005)	$	(32,065)	$	83,093	$	(8,414)	$	42,614
Tax expense (benefit) netted in other comprehensive income or loss	$	867	$	(5,854)	$	—	$	(4,987)	$	12	$	14	$	31	$	57

26

	For the Nine Months Ended								For the Nine Months Ended
	June 30, 2025								June 30, 2024
	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available for Sale		Cash Flow Hedges		Defined Benefit Plan		Total		Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available for Sale		Cash Flow Hedges		Defined Benefit Plan		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	(21,059)	$	8,886	$	(3,435)	$	(15,608)	$	(41,173)	$	135,532	$	(9,147)	$	85,212
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	2,686		24,741		—		27,427		9,108		(663)		418		8,863
Amounts reclassified	—		(27,824)		—		(27,824)		—		(51,776)		315		(51,461)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	2,686		(3,083)		—		(397)		9,108		(52,439)		733		(42,598)
Balance at end of period	$	(18,373)	$	5,803	$	(3,435)	$	(16,005)	$	(32,065)	$	83,093	$	(8,414)	$	42,614
Tax expense (benefit) netted in other comprehensive income or loss	$	796	$	(915)	$	—	$	(119)	$	2,703	$	(15,572)	$	221	$	(12,648)

The following table presents the reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) included in net income and the corresponding line item on the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME for the periods indicated:

	Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated  Other Comprehensive Income				Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated  Other Comprehensive Income
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Nine Months Ended June 30,				Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Cash flow hedges:
Interest (income) expense	$	(10,114)	$	(21,369)	$	(36,087)	$	(67,152)	Interest expense
Net income tax effect	2,316		4,893		8,263		15,376		Income tax expense
Net of income tax expense	(7,798)		(16,476)		(27,824)		(51,776)
Amortization of defined benefit plan:
Actuarial loss	—		136		—		410		(a)
Net income tax effect	—		(31)		—		(95)		Income tax expense
Net of income tax expense	—		105		—		315
Total reclassifications for the period	$	(7,798)	$	(16,371)	$	(27,824)	$	(51,461)

(a) This item is included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. See Note 9. DEFINED BENEFIT PLAN for additional disclosure.

8.    INCOME TAXES

The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in various state and city jurisdictions. The Company’s combined federal and state effective income tax rate was 21.0% and 20.6% for the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively.

The Company is no longer subject to income tax examinations in its major jurisdictions for tax years ended prior to 2021. The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income tax assessments or income tax refunds, where applicable, in the consolidated financial statements as a component of its provision for income taxes.

The Company makes certain investments in limited partnerships, which invest in affordable housing projects that qualify for the LIHTC. The Company acts as a limited partner in these investments and does not exert control over the operating or financial policies of the partnership. The Company accounts for its interests in LIHTCs using the proportional amortization method. The impact of the Company's investments in tax credit entities on the provision for income taxes was not material during the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024.

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9.    DEFINED BENEFIT PLAN

The Third Federal Savings Retirement Plan (the “Plan”) is a defined benefit pension plan. Effective December 31, 2002, the Plan was amended to limit participation to employees who met the Plan’s eligibility requirements on that date. Effective December 31, 2011, the Plan was amended to freeze future benefit accruals for participants in the Plan. After December 31, 2002, employees not participating in the Plan, upon meeting the applicable eligibility requirements, and those eligible participants who no longer receive service credits under the Plan, participate in a separate tier of the Company’s defined contribution 401(k) Savings Plan. Benefits under the Plan are based on years of service and the employee’s average annual compensation (as defined in the Plan) through December 31, 2011. The funding policy of the Plan is consistent with the funding requirements of U.S. federal and other governmental laws and regulations.

The components of net periodic cost recognized in other non-interest expense in the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME are as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Interest cost	$	740	$	827	$	2,220	$	2,480
Expected return on plan assets	(1,197)		(995)		(3,590)		(2,986)
Amortization of net loss	—		136		—		410
Net periodic (benefit) cost	$	(457)	$	(32)	$	(1,370)	$	(96)

There were no required minimum employer contributions during the nine months ended June 30, 2025. There are no required minimum employer contributions expected during the remainder of the fiscal year ending September 30, 2025.

10.    EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN

During the nine months ended June 30, 2025, 178,700 restricted stock units, 135,300 performance share units, and 12,000 stock options were granted to directors, executive officers and certain managers of the Company. During the nine months ended June 30, 2025, performance share units granted in December 2022 were reduced by 10,200 units, according to the targeted performance formula. The awards were made pursuant to the Amended and Restated 2008 Equity Incentive Plan, which was approved at the annual meeting of shareholders held on February 22, 2018.

The following table presents share-based compensation expense recognized during the periods presented:

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Stock option expense	$	28	$	31	$	84	$	54
Restricted stock units expense	654		584		1,973		2,216
Performance share units expense	265		225		745		656
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	947	$	840	$	2,802	$	2,926

At June 30, 2025, 1,230,475 shares were subject to options, with a weighted average exercise price of $15.81 per share and a weighted average grant date fair value of $1.94 per share. Expected future expense, relating to the 258,600 non-vested options outstanding as of June 30, 2025, is $154 over a weighted average period of 1.4 years. At June 30, 2025, 421,990 restricted stock units and 288,100 performance share units with a weighted average grant date fair value of $13.13 and $13.01 per unit, respectively, are unvested. Expected future compensation expense, relating to the 1,187,738 restricted stock units and 288,100 performance share units outstanding as of June 30, 2025, is $3,094 over a weighted average period of 1.9 years and $1,515 over a weighted average period of 2.0 years, respectively. Each unit is equivalent to one share of common stock.

11.    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into commitments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its customers. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of

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any condition established in the contract. Commitments to originate or acquire loans generally have fixed expiration dates of 60 to 360 days or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Unfunded commitments related to home equity lines of credit generally expire 10 years following the date that the line of credit was established, subject to various conditions, including compliance with payment obligations, adequacy of collateral securing the line and maintenance of a satisfactory credit profile by the borrower. Since some of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

Off-balance sheet commitments to extend credit involve elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in assets on the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the commitment is represented by the contractual amount of the commitment. The Company generally uses the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. The allowance related to off-balance sheet commitments is recorded in other liabilities in the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION. Refer to Note 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCES FOR CREDIT LOSSES for discussion on credit loss methodology. Interest rate risk on commitments to extend credit results from the possibility that interest rates may move unfavorably from the position of the Company since the time the commitment was made.

At June 30, 2025, the Company had commitments to originate or acquire loans and related allowances as follows:

	Commitment		Allowance
Fixed-rate mortgage loans	$	213,030	$	1,105
Adjustable-rate mortgage loans	18,652		101
Home equity lines of credit	123,772		1,267
Home equity loans	70,989		1,490
Total	$	426,443	$	3,963

At June 30, 2025, the Company had unfunded commitments outstanding and related allowances as follows:

	Commitment		Allowance
Home equity lines of credit	$	5,515,011	$	25,828
Construction loans	6,771		40
Total	$	5,521,782	$	25,868

At June 30, 2025, the unfunded commitment on home equity lines of credit, including commitments for accounts suspended as a result of material default or a decline in equity, was $5,557,905.

At June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, the Company had $73,300 and $17,411, respectively, in commitments to sell mortgage loans. At June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, the Company had $115,804 and $15,891, respectively, in commitments to acquire mortgage loans, which are included in mortgage loan commitments above.

The above commitments are expected to be funded through normal operations.

The Company is undergoing an escheat audit covering the states of Ohio, Kentucky and Florida. Any potential loss, or range of potential loss, that may result from this matter is not reasonably estimable at June 30, 2025.

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the resolution of these legal actions is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operation, or statements of cash flows.

12.    FAIR VALUE

Under U.S. GAAP, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. A fair value framework is established whereby assets and liabilities measured at fair value are grouped into three levels of a fair value hierarchy, based on the transparency of inputs and the reliability of assumptions used to estimate fair value.

Presented below is a discussion of the methods and significant assumptions used by the Company to estimate fair value.

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Investment Securities Available for Sale—Investment securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. At June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, this includes $525,212 and $526,251, respectively, of investments in U.S. government and agency obligations including U.S. Treasury notes and investments in highly liquid collateralized mortgage obligations, that can include items issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae, measured using the market approach. The fair values of investment securities represent unadjusted price estimates obtained from independent third-party nationally recognized pricing services using pricing models or quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics and are included in Level 2 of the hierarchy. Third-party pricing is reviewed on a monthly basis for reasonableness based on the market knowledge and experience of company personnel that interact daily with the markets for these types of securities.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale—The fair value of mortgage loans held for sale is estimated on an aggregate basis using a market approach based on quoted secondary market pricing for loan portfolios with similar characteristics. Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value with the exception of mortgage loans held for sale subject to pending agency contracts to securitize and sell loans. The Company elects the fair value measurement option for mortgage loans held for sale subject to pending agency contracts to securitize and sell loans, as permitted under the fair value guidance in U.S. GAAP. This election is expected to reduce volatility in earnings related to market fluctuations between the contract trade and settlement dates. At June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, there were $29,303 and $10,713 of loans held for sale subject to pending agency contracts measured at fair value, respectively, with unpaid principal balances of $28,734 and $10,336. For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2025, net gain (loss) on the sale of loans included $289 and $22, respectively, compared to $94 and $162 for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2024, related to gains or losses during the period due to changes in the fair value of loans held for sale subject to pending agency contracts. At June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, there were $1,675 and $7,061 of loans held for sale carried at cost, respectively. Loans held for sale are included in Level 2 of the hierarchy. Interest income on mortgage loans held for sale is recorded in interest income on loans.

Collateral-Dependent Loans—Collateral-dependent loans represent certain loans held for investment that are subject to a fair value measurement under U.S. GAAP because they are individually evaluated using a fair value measurement, such as the fair value of the underlying collateral. Credit loss is measured using a market approach based on the fair value of the collateral, less estimated costs to dispose, for loans the Company considers to be collateral-dependent due to a delinquency status or other adverse condition severe enough to indicate that the borrower can no longer be relied upon as the continued source of repayment. These conditions are described more fully in Note 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCES FOR CREDIT LOSSES. To calculate the credit loss of collateral-dependent loans, the fair market values of the collateral, estimated using third-party appraisals in the majority of instances, are reduced by calculated estimated costs to dispose, derived from historical experience and recent market conditions. Any indicated credit loss is recognized by a charge to the allowance for credit losses. Subsequent increases in collateral values or principal pay downs on loans with recognized credit loss could result in a collateral-dependent loan being carried below its fair value. When no credit loss is indicated, the carrying amount is considered to approximate the fair value of that loan to the Company because contractually that is the maximum recovery the Company can expect. The amortized cost of loans individually evaluated for credit loss based on the fair value of the collateral are included in Level 3 of the hierarchy with assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The range and weighted average impact of estimated costs to dispose on fair values is determined at the time of credit loss or when additional credit loss is recognized and is included in quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs later in this note.

Real Estate Owned—Real estate owned includes real estate acquired as a result of foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure and is carried at the lower of the cost basis or fair value, less estimated costs to dispose. The carrying amounts of real estate owned at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, were $1,240 and $174, respectively. Fair value is estimated under the market approach using independent third party appraisals. As these properties are actively marketed, estimated fair values may be adjusted by management to reflect current economic and market conditions. At June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, these adjustments were not significant to reported fair values. At June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, $1,570 and $220, respectively, of real estate owned is included in Level 3 of the hierarchy with assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, where the cost basis equals or exceeds the estimated fair values, less estimated costs to dispose, of $330 and $46, respectively. There were no real estate owned carried at their original or adjusted cost basis at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024.

Derivatives—Derivative instruments include interest rate lock commitments on loans being originated or acquired for the held for sale portfolio, forward commitments on contracts to deliver mortgage loans and interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges. Derivatives not designated as cash flow hedges are reported at fair value in Other assets or Other liabilities on the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION with changes in value recorded in current earnings. Derivatives qualifying as cash flow hedges are settled daily, bringing the fair value to $0. Refer to Note 13. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS for additional information on cash flow hedges and other derivative instruments. Interest rate lock commitments are commitments to lend at interest rates and amounts defined prior to funding. The fair value of interest rate lock commitments is adjusted by a closure rate based on the estimated percentage of commitments that will result in closed loans. The range and weighted average impact of the closure rate is included in quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs later in this note. A

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significant change in the closure rate may result in a significant change in the ending fair value measurement of these derivatives relative to their total fair value. Because the closure rate is a significantly unobservable assumption, interest rate lock commitments are included in Level 3 of the hierarchy. Forward commitments on contracts to deliver mortgage loans are included in Level 2 of the hierarchy.

Assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis in the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, are summarized below.

			Recurring Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	June 30, 2025		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
			(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Investment securities available for sale:
REMICs	$	459,937	$	—	$	459,937	$	—
Fannie Mae certificates	2,739		—		2,739		—
Freddie Mac securities	8,533		—		8,533		—
U.S. government and agency obligations	54,003		—		54,003		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	29,303		—		29,303		—
Derivatives:
Interest rate lock commitments	597		—		—		597
Total	$	555,112	$	—	$	554,515	$	597
Liabilities
Derivatives:
Forward commitments for the sale of mortgage loans	$	160	$	—	$	160	$	—
Total	$	160	$	—	$	160	$	—

			Recurring Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	September 30, 2024		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
			(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Investment securities available for sale:
REMICs	$	449,401	$	—	$	449,401	$	—
Fannie Mae certificates	2,945		—		2,945		—
Freddie Mac certificates	1,129		—		1,129		—
U.S. government and agency obligations	72,776		—		72,776		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	10,713		—		10,713		—
Derivatives:
Interest rate lock commitments	395		—		—		395
Total	$	537,359	$	—	$	536,964	$	395
Liabilities
Derivatives:
Forward commitments for the sale of mortgage loans	$	72	$	—	$	72	$	—
Total	$	72	$	—	$	72	$	—

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The table below presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances and the location within the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME where gains (losses) due to changes in fair value are recognized on interest rate lock commitments which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Beginning balance	$	318	$	358	$	395	$	(1)
Gain during the period due to changes in fair value:
Included in other non-interest income	279		154		202		513
Ending balance	$	597	$	512	$	597	$	512
Change in unrealized gains for the period included in earnings for assets held at end of the reporting date	$	597	$	512	$	597	$	512

Summarized in the tables below are those assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

			Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	June 30, 2025		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
			(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Collateral-dependent loans, net of allowance	$	43,411	$	—	$	—	$	43,411
Real estate owned(1)	1,570		—		—		1,570
Total	$	44,981	$	—	$	—	$	44,981

			Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	September 30, 2024		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
			(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Collateral-dependent loans, net of allowance	$	39,577	$	—	$	—	$	39,577
Real estate owned(1)	220		—		—		220
Total	$	39,797	$	—	$	—	$	39,797

(1)Amounts represent fair value measurements of properties before deducting estimated costs to dispose.

The following provides quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs categorized within Level 3 of the Fair Value Hierarchy.

	Fair Value
	June 30, 2025	Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input	Range			Weighted Average
Collateral-dependent loans, net of allowance	$43,411	Market comparables of collateral discounted to estimated net proceeds	Discount appraised value to estimated net proceeds based on historical experience:
			• Residential Properties	0	-	28%	3.7%
Interest rate lock commitments	$597	Quoted Secondary Market pricing	Closure rate	0	-	100%	90.0%

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	Fair Value
	September 30, 2024	Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input	Range			Weighted Average
Collateral-dependent loans, net of allowance	$39,577	Market comparables of collateral discounted to estimated net proceeds	Discount appraised value to estimated net proceeds based on historical experience:
			• Residential Properties	0	-	28%	4.0%
Interest rate lock commitments	$395	Quoted Secondary Market pricing	Closure rate	0	-	100%	90.1%

The following tables present the estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments and their carrying amounts as reported in the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION.

	June 30, 2025
	Carrying		Fair		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	Amount		Value
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	28,788	$	28,788	$	28,788	$	—	$	—
Interest-earning cash equivalents	423,793		423,793		423,793		—		—
Investment securities available for sale	525,212		525,212		—		525,212		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	30,977		31,010		—		31,010		—
Loans, net:
Mortgage loans held for investment	15,588,252		14,350,575		—		—		14,350,575
Other loans	7,745		7,745		—		—		7,745
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	232,538		232,538		N/A		—		—
Accrued interest receivable	60,434		60,434		—		60,434		—
Cash collateral received from or held by counterparty	5,977		5,977		5,977		—		—
Derivatives	597		597		—		—		597
Liabilities:
Checking and savings accounts	$	2,055,056	$	2,055,056	$	—	$	2,055,056	$	—
Certificates of deposit	8,286,443		8,289,923		—		8,289,923		—
Borrowed funds	4,882,993		4,903,129		—		4,903,129		—
Borrowers’ advances for insurance and taxes	117,899		117,899		—		117,899		—
Principal, interest and escrow owed on loans serviced	30,237		30,237		—		30,237		—
Derivatives	160		160		—		160		—

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	September 30, 2024
	Carrying		Fair		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	Amount		Value
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	26,287	$	26,287	$	26,287	$	—	$	—
Interest-earning cash equivalents	437,431		437,431		437,431		—		—
Investment securities available for sale	526,251		526,251		—		526,251		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	17,775		17,986		—		17,986		—
Loans, net:
Mortgage loans held for investment	15,316,354		13,922,944		—		—		13,922,944
Other loans	5,705		5,705		—		—		5,705
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	228,494		228,494		N/A		—		—
Accrued interest receivable	59,398		59,398		—		59,398		—
Cash collateral received from or held by counterparty	7,844		7,844		7,844		—		—
Derivatives	395		395		—		—		395
Liabilities:
Checking and savings accounts	$	2,150,770	$	2,150,770	$	—	$	2,150,770	$	—
Certificates of deposit	8,044,309		7,989,992		—		7,989,992		—
Borrowed funds	4,792,847		4,819,873		—		4,819,873		—
Borrowers’ advances for insurance and taxes	113,637		113,637		—		113,637		—
Principal, interest and escrow owed on loans serviced	28,753		28,753		—		28,753		—
Derivatives	72		72		—		72		—

13.    DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The Company enters into interest rate swaps to add stability to interest expense and manage exposure to interest rate movements as part of an overall risk management strategy. For hedges of the Company's borrowing and deposit program, interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed payments. These derivatives are used to hedge the forecasted cash outflows associated with the Company's FHLB borrowings and brokered certificates of deposit. Cash flows from derivatives used to manage interest rate

risks are classified as operating activities in the cash flow statement. The Company classifies both the earnings and cash flow

impact from these derivatives consistent with the underlying hedged item.

Cash flow hedges are initially assessed for effectiveness using regression analysis. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges, are recorded in OCI and are subsequently reclassified into earnings during the period in which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Derivatives qualifying as cash flow hedges are settled daily, bringing their fair value to $0. Quarterly, a quantitative analysis is performed to monitor the ongoing effectiveness of the hedging instrument. All derivative positions continue to be highly effective as of June 30, 2025.

The Company enters into forward commitments for the sale of mortgage loans primarily to protect against the risk of lost revenue from adverse interest rate movements on net income. The Company recognizes the fair value of such contracts when the characteristics of those contracts meet the definition of a derivative. These derivatives are not designated in a hedging relationship; therefore, gains and losses are recognized immediately in the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME.

In addition, the Company is party to derivative instruments when it enters into interest rate lock commitments to originate or acquire a portion of its loans, which when funded, are classified as held for sale. Such commitments are not designated in a hedging relationship; therefore, gains and losses are recognized immediately in the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME.

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The following tables provide the locations within the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION for fair values of derivative instruments at the reporting dates and their related notional values.

	June 30, 2025					September 30, 2024
			Weighted Average					Weighted Average
	Notional Value		Term (years)	Fixed-Rate Payments		Notional Value		Term (years)	Fixed-Rate Payments
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Cash flow hedges: Interest rate swaps
Other Assets	$	2,125,000	2.2	2.93	%	$	2,075,000	2.3	2.68	%
Other Liabilities	1,525,000		3.3	3.72		1,575,000		4.1	3.67
Total cash flow hedges: Interest rate swaps	$	3,650,000	2.7	3.26	%	$	3,650,000	3.1	3.10	%

	June 30, 2025				September 30, 2024
	Notional Value		Fair Value		Notional Value		Fair Value
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate lock commitments
Other Assets	$	35,917	$	597	$	11,467	$	395
Forward Commitments for the sale of mortgage loans
Other Liabilities	49,820		(160)		17,411		(72)
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	$	85,737	$	437	$	28,878	$	323

The following tables present the net gains and losses recorded within the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME and the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME relating to derivative instruments.

		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	Location of Gain or (Loss)	June 30,				June 30,
	Recognized in Income	2025		2024		2025		2024
Cash flow hedges
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized	Other comprehensive income	$	(15,454)	$	21,433	$	32,090	$	(858)
Amount of gain reclassified from AOCI	Interest expense: Borrowed funds and Deposits	10,114		21,369		36,087		67,152
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate lock commitments	Other non-interest income	$	279	$	154	$	202	$	513
Forward commitments for the sale of mortgage loans	Net gain/(loss) on the sale of loans	(139)		132		(88)		(19)

The Company estimates that $17,562 of the amounts reported in AOCI will be reclassified as a reduction to interest expense during the twelve months ending June 30, 2026.

Derivatives contain an element of credit risk which arises from the possibility that the Company will incur a loss because a counterparty fails to meet its contractual obligations. The Company's exposure is limited to the replacement value of the contracts, rather than the notional or principal amounts. Credit risk is minimized through counterparty margin payments, transaction limits and monitoring procedures. All of the Company's swap transactions are cleared through a registered clearing broker to a central clearing organization. The clearing organization establishes daily cash and upfront cash or securities margin requirements to cover potential exposure in the event of default. This process shifts the risk away from the counterparty, since the clearing organization acts as an intermediary on each cleared transaction. At June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, there was $5,977 and $7,844, respectively, of cash collateral included in other assets, and $50,111 and $68,932, respectively, included in investment securities related to initial margin requirements that are held by the central clearing organization. For derivative transactions cleared through certain clearing parties, variation margin payments are recognized as settlements on a

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daily basis. The fair value of derivative instruments are presented on a gross basis, even when the derivative instruments are subject to master netting arrangements.

14.    RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Adopted during the nine months ended June 30, 2025

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280) – Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” The amendments in this update improve disclosures about a public entity's reportable segments and addresses requests from investors and other allocators of capital for additional information about a reportable segment's expenses. While the Company only has one reportable segment, the update requires public entities with a single segment to provide all segment disclosures under ASC 280. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, or the Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2025, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, or the Company's fiscal year ending September 30, 2026, beginning with the Form 10-Q for the quarter ending December 31, 2025. Retrospective application is required for all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The adoption does not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

Issued but not yet adopted as of June 30, 2025

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures". The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation, as well as information on income tax paid. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, or the Company's fiscal year ending September 30, 2026. Prospective and retrospective application to prior periods presented in the financials is permitted, as well as early adoption. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the requirements on its consolidated financial statement disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03,“Income Statement (Subtopic 220-40) – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures”. The amendments in this update improve the disclosures about a public business entity's expenses and address requests from investors for more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. The new guidance is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, or the Company's fiscal year ending September 30, 2028, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, or the Company's fiscal year ending September 30, 2029. Early adoption is permitted and is effective on either a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statement disclosures.

The Company has determined that all other recently issued accounting pronouncements will not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements or do not apply to its operations.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements, which can be identified by the use of such words as estimate, project, believe, intend, anticipate, plan, seek, expect and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements include, among other things:
●	statements of our goals, intentions and expectations;
●	statements regarding our business plans and prospects and growth and operating strategies;
●	statements concerning trends in our provision for credit losses and charge-offs on loans and off-balance sheet exposures;
●	statements regarding the trends in factors affecting our financial condition and results of operations, including credit quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and
●	estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.
These forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks, assumptions and uncertainties, including, among other things, the following important factors that could affect the actual outcome of future events:
●	significantly increased competition among depository and other financial institutions, including with respect to our ability to charge overdraft fees;

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●	inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our interest margins or reduce the fair value of financial instruments, or our ability to originate loans;
●	general economic conditions, either globally, nationally or in our market areas, including employment prospects, real estate values and conditions that are worse than expected;
●	the strength or weakness of the real estate markets and of the consumer and commercial credit sectors and its impact on the credit quality of our loans and other assets, and changes in estimates of the allowance for credit losses;
●	decreased demand for our products and services and lower revenue and earnings because of a recession or other events;
●	changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits, including repayment speeds on loans;
●	adverse changes and volatility in the securities markets, credit markets or real estate markets;
●	our ability to manage market risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, reputational risk, regulatory risk and compliance risk;
●	our ability to access cost-effective funding;
●	legislative or regulatory changes that adversely affect our business, including changes in regulatory costs and capital requirements and changes related to our ability to pay dividends and the ability of Third Federal Savings, MHC to waive dividends;
●	changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the FASB or the PCAOB;
●	the adoption of implementing regulations by a number of different regulatory bodies, and uncertainty in the exact nature, extent and timing of such regulations and the impact they will have on us;
●	our ability to enter new markets successfully and take advantage of growth opportunities;
●	the continuing governmental efforts to restructure the U.S. financial and regulatory system;
●	future adverse developments concerning Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac;
●	changes in monetary and fiscal policy of the U.S. Government, including policies of the U.S. Treasury, the Federal Reserve System, Fannie Mae, the OCC, FDIC, and others, and the effects of tariffs and retaliatory actions;
●	the ability of the U.S. Government to remain open, function properly and manage federal debt limits;
●	changes in policy and/or assessment rates of taxing authorities that adversely affect us or our customers;
●	changes in accounting and tax estimates;
●	changes in our organization and changes in expense trends, including but not limited to trends affecting non-performing assets, charge-offs and provisions for credit losses;
●	changes in liquidity, including the size and composition of our deposit portfolio, and the percentage of uninsured deposits in the portfolio;
●	the inability of third-party providers to perform their obligations to us;
●	our ability to retain key employees;
●	the effects of global or national war, conflict or acts of terrorism;
●	civil unrest;
●	cyber-attacks, computer viruses and other technological risks that may breach the security of our websites or other systems to obtain unauthorized access to confidential information, destroy data or disable our systems; and
●	the impact of a wide-spread pandemic, and related government action, on our business and the economy.
Because of these and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by any forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this report speaks only as of the date on which it is made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by law. Please see Part II Other Information Item 1A. Risk Factors for a discussion of certain risks related to our business.

Overview

The business strategy of TFS Financial Corporation ("we," "us," or "our") is to operate as a well capitalized and profitable financial institution dedicated to providing exceptional personal service to our customers.

Since being organized in 1938, we grew to become, at the time of our initial public offering of stock in 2007, and continue to be, the nation’s largest mutually-owned savings and loan association based on total assets. We credit our success to our continued emphasis on our primary values: “Love, Trust, Respect, and a Commitment to Excellence, along with Having Fun.”

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Our values are reflected in the design and pricing of our loan and deposit products, as described below. Our values are further reflected in a long-term revitalization program encompassing the three-mile corridor of the Broadway-Slavic Village neighborhood in Cleveland, Ohio where our main office was established and continues to be located and where we've been the developer of a community of 40 homes, intended to serve the low- to moderate income home owner. We intend to continue to adhere to our primary values and to support our customers and the communities in which we operate as we pursue our mission to help people achieve the dream of home ownership and financial security while creating value for our customers, our communities, our associates and our shareholders.

Consumers, businesses, and governments alike are navigating an elevated level of economic uncertainty as a new perspective on global trade policy is being deliberated by the markets. The Federal Reserve has maintained interest rates near 20-year highs. The U.S. Treasury yield curve is currently positive, after a prolonged period of inversion, normalizing just prior to the FRS's 100 basis point rate cuts between September and December 2024. It is possible that the easing cycle will continue in the second half of 2025, however, uncertainty can lead to volatility in interest rates and spreads, creating a challenging operating environment. Taking all of this into consideration, we remain committed to our mission, business model, and strategic approach. Specifically, (1) our capital ratios remain a primary source of financial strength; (2) our core deposits remain stable and the majority of our deposit accounts fall within FDIC insurance limits; (3) we maintain adequate access to contingent sources of liquidity; and (4) our risk management practices around an array of financial disciplines are robust and commensurate to an institution of our size and complexity.

Capital ratios remain a source of financial strength for the Company and the Association as all capital ratios, including the Company's Common Equity Tier 1 Capital ratio of 17.75%, exceed the regulatory requirement to be considered "Well Capitalized". Additional details on our capital ratios are reported in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of this Item 2.

The Company maintains high-quality core deposits distributed primarily across our Ohio and Florida branch network in products tailored toward consumers seeking non-transactional savings. As of June 30, 2025, 95.9% of our $9.36 billion retail deposit base consists of accounts structured under the FDIC insured limit of $250,000. The Company has the ability to fund 100% of all uninsured deposit balances through sources described later in this Item 2 under the heading Liquidity and Capital Resources.

The Company retains ample and diverse sources of liquidity and funding, beyond deposits. At June 30, 2025, our combined additional borrowing capacity under the Association's blanket pledge arrangements with the FHLB of Cincinnati and the FRB Cleveland along with our ability to purchase Fed Funds through arrangements with other institutions totaled $2.75 billion. We also hold marketable securities that could be sold and converted to cash. Further details about liquidity and funding are described in the section labelled Maintaining Access to Adequate Liquidity and Diverse Funding Sources to Support our Growth of this Item 2.

We operate a multi-disciplined risk management program that emphasizes stress testing and scenario analysis in the realms of interest rate risk, credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk. Key risk indicators are proactively monitored and reported throughout the organization, up to and including the Board of Directors. The program is supported by a multi-line of defense approach in which internal oversight functions of risk management and internal audit grant their fully autonomous opinion of the process with an ability to issue findings for remediation if deemed necessary. The program is also regularly exposed to additional scrutiny in the form of regulatory oversight and from our external audit firm. Management established the risk management framework with an appropriate level of sophistication such that it fully encapsulates all identified areas of risk, in conjunction with a necessary level of governance, to promote the program’s intention of properly identifying and managing our risk profile.

Management believes that the following matters are those most critical to our success: (1) controlling our interest rate risk exposure; (2) monitoring and limiting our credit risk; (3) maintaining access to adequate liquidity and diverse funding sources to support our growth; and (4) monitoring and controlling our operating expenses.

Controlling Our Interest Rate Risk Exposure. Historically, our greatest risk has been our exposure to changes in market interest rates. When we hold longer-term, fixed-rate assets, funded by liabilities with shorter-term re-pricing characteristics, we are exposed to potentially adverse impacts from changing interest rates, and most notably rising interest rates. Generally, and particularly over extended periods of time that encompass full economic cycles, interest rates associated with longer-term assets, like fixed-rate mortgages, have been higher than interest rates associated with shorter-term funding sources, like deposits. This difference has been an important component of our net interest income and is fundamental to our operations.

A challenge to our business model occurs when there is a rapid and substantial increase in short-term rates or there is an extended inverted yield curve where short-term rates exceed long-term rates, both of which occurred in the past three years. Although the yield curve became positive in early September 2024, rapid and substantial decreases in short-term rates can also pose a challenge when interest rates on our home equity line of credit portfolio, indexed to the prime rate, reprice more quickly

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than interest rates on borrowings and certificate of deposit accounts which generally reprice at maturity. These economic environments may result in decreases in our net interest income and our net interest margin.

To mitigate our interest rate risk in general and to address the current rate environment specifically, we utilize a variety of strategies that include:

•Maintaining regulatory capital in excess of levels required to be considered well capitalized;

•Maintaining adjustable-rate loans and shorter-term fixed-rate loans;

•Maintaining and growing home equity line of credit balances, which carry an adjustable rate of interest, indexed to the prime rate;

•Opportunistically extending the duration of our funding sources;

•Utilizing interest rate swaps to convert short-term FHLB advances and brokered certificates of deposit into long-term, fixed rate borrowings; and

•Selectively selling a portion of our long-term, fixed-rate mortgage loans in the secondary market.

Levels of Regulatory Capital

At June 30, 2025, the Company’s Tier 1 (leverage) capital totaled $1.86 billion, or 10.86%, of net average assets and 17.75% of risk-weighted assets, while the Association’s Tier 1 (leverage) capital totaled $1.73 billion, or 10.10%, of net average assets and 16.51% of risk-weighted assets. Each of these measures is in excess of the requirements in effect at June 30, 2025, for designation as “well capitalized” under regulatory prompt corrective action provisions. Beginning this fiscal year, the Company entered into the final year of the five-year transitional period, as provided by a final rule, after CECL was adopted in fiscal year 2021. Refer to the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of this Item 2 for additional discussion regarding regulatory capital requirements.

Adjustable-Rate Loans and Shorter-Term Fixed-Rate Loans

We offer our "Smart Rate" adjustable-rate mortgage loan, which provides us with improved interest rate risk characteristics when compared to a 30-year, fixed-rate mortgage loan. Our “Smart Rate” adjustable-rate mortgage offers borrowers an interest rate lower than that of a 30-year, fixed-rate loan. The interest rate of the Smart Rate mortgage is locked for three or five years, then resets annually. The Smart Rate mortgage contains a feature to re-lock the rate an unlimited number of times at our then-current interest rate and fee schedule, for another three or five years (which must be the same as the original lock period) without having to complete a full refinance transaction. Re-lock eligibility is subject to a satisfactory payment performance history by the borrower (current at the time of re-lock, and no foreclosures or bankruptcies since the Smart Rate application was taken). In addition to a satisfactory payment history, re-lock eligibility requires that the property continues to be the borrower’s primary residence. The loan term cannot be extended in connection with a re-lock, nor can new funds be advanced. All interest rate caps and floors remain as originated.

We also offer a 10-year, fully amortizing fixed-rate, first mortgage loan. The 10-year, fixed-rate loan has a more desirable interest rate risk profile when compared to loans with fixed-rate terms of 15 to 30 years and can help to more effectively manage interest rate risk exposure, yet provides our borrowers with the certainty of a fixed interest rate throughout the life of the obligation.

The following tables set forth our first mortgage loan production and period end principal balances segregated by loan structure at origination:

	For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2025				For the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2024
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
First Mortgage Loan Originations and Acquired Loans:
ARM (all Smart Rate) production	$	98,731	13.0	%	$	128,752	21.5	%
Fixed-rate production:
Terms less than or equal to 10 years	1,938		0.3		5,166		0.9
Terms greater than 10 years	659,528		86.7		464,808		77.6
Total fixed-rate production	661,466		87.0		469,974		78.5
Total First Mortgage Loan Originations and Acquired Loans	$	760,197	100.0	%	$	598,726	100.0	%

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	June 30, 2025				September 30, 2024
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Balance of First Mortgage Loans Held For Investment:
ARM (primarily Smart Rate) Loans	$	4,056,491	36.9	%	$	4,379,132	38.3	%
Fixed-rate Loans:
Terms less than or equal to 10 years	671,567		6.1		836,875		7.3
Terms greater than 10 years	6,279,346		57.0		6,210,073		54.4
Total fixed-rate loans	6,950,913		63.1		7,046,948		61.7
Total First Mortgage Loans Held For Investment	$	11,007,404	100.0	%	$	11,426,080	100.0	%

The following table sets forth the principal balances and yields as of June 30, 2025, for all ARM loans segregated by the next scheduled interest rate reset date:

	Current Balance of ARM Loans Scheduled for Interest Rate Reset		Yield
During the Fiscal Years Ending September 30,	(Dollars in thousands)
2025	$	364,592	4.42	%
2026	1,585,256		3.51	%
2027	1,417,688		2.74	%
2028	499,586		4.93	%
2029	96,516		6.36	%
2030	92,853		6.62	%
Total	$	4,056,491	3.63	%

At June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, mortgage loans held for sale, all of which were long-term, fixed-rate first mortgage loans and substantially all of which were held for sale to Fannie Mae, totaled $31.0 million and $17.8 million, respectively.

Loan Portfolio Yield

The following tables set forth the principal balance and interest yield as of June 30, 2025, for the portfolio of loans held for investment, by type of loan, structure and geographic location. Weighted average yields are based on principal balances as of June 30, 2025.

	June 30, 2025
	Balance		Percent		Yield
	(Dollars in thousands)
Total Loans:
Fixed Rate
Terms less than or equal to 10 years	$	671,567	4.3	%	2.67	%
Terms greater than 10 years	6,279,346		40.2		4.19
Total Fixed-Rate Residential Mortgage loans	6,950,913		44.5		4.04
ARMs	4,056,491		26.0		3.63
Home Equity Lines of Credit	3,881,132		24.9		6.66
Home Equity Loans	695,004		4.5		6.98
Construction and Other Loans	22,251		0.1		6.46
Total Loans Receivable	$	15,605,791	100.0	%	4.73	%

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	June 30, 2025
	Balance		Fixed Rate Balance		Fixed Rate Percent		Yield
	(Dollars in thousands)
Residential Mortgage Loans
Ohio	$	6,441,225	$	5,057,044	78.5	%	4.00	%
Florida	1,850,624		900,349		48.7		3.66
Other	2,715,555		993,520		36.6		3.81
Total Residential Mortgage Loans	11,007,404		6,950,913		63.1		3.90
Home Equity Lines of Credit
Ohio	$	859,878	$	6,675	0.8	%	6.65	%
Florida	841,936		6,669		0.8		6.61
California	656,955		2,641		0.4		6.67
Other	1,522,363		2,696		0.2		6.68
Total Home Equity Lines of Credit	3,881,132		18,681		0.5		6.66
Home Equity Loans
Ohio	163,924		134,691		82.2		6.55
Florida	156,891		118,322		75.4		6.92
California	127,986		94,369		73.7		6.93
Other	246,203		196,683		79.9		7.34
Total Home Equity Loans	695,004		544,065		78.3		6.98
Construction and Other Loans	22,251		22,251		100.0		6.46
Total Loans Receivable	$	15,605,791	$	7,535,910	48.3	%	4.73	%

Marketing of Home Equity Lines of Credit

We actively market home equity lines of credit, which carry an adjustable rate of interest indexed to the prime rate which provides interest rate sensitivity to that portion of our assets and is a meaningful strategy to manage our interest rate risk profile. Increasing our investments in loans with variable rates of interest help to better match the maturities and interest rates of our assets and liabilities, thereby reducing the exposure of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates. We strive to grow the home equity line of credit portfolio through offering competitive rates, marketing efforts and by utilizing partners to attract more home equity line of credit customers. At June 30, 2025, the principal balance of home equity lines of credit (including those in repayment) that are structured to reset with each prime rate adjustment totaled $3.88 billion. Our home equity lending is discussed in the Lending Activities section of this Item 2.

Extending the Duration of Funding Sources

As a complement to our strategies to shorten the duration of our fixed rate interest-earning assets, as described above, we also seek to lengthen the duration of our interest-bearing funding sources. These efforts include monitoring the relative costs of alternative funding sources such as retail certificates of deposit, brokered certificates of deposit, longer-term (e.g. three years or greater) fixed-rate advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati, and shorter-term (e.g. one or three months) funding, the durations of which are extended by correlated interest rate exchange contracts ("swap"). Funding sources are discussed in more detail within this Item 2 in the sections entitled Maintaining Access to Adequate Liquidity and Diverse Funding Sources to Support our Growth and Liquidity and Capital Resources. All of our swaps are subject to collateral pledges and require specific structural features to qualify for hedge accounting treatment. Hedge accounting treatment directs that periodic mark-to-market adjustments be recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) in the equity section of the balance sheet, rather than being included in operating results of the income statement. The Association's intent is that any swap to which it may be a party will qualify for hedge accounting treatment.

The Association uses swaps to extend the duration of its funding sources. Each of the Association's swap agreements is registered on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and involves the exchange of interest payment amounts based on a notional principal balance. No exchange of principal amounts occur and the notional principal amount does not appear on our balance sheet. In each of the Association's agreements, interest paid is based on a fixed rate of interest throughout the term of each agreement while interest received is based on an interest rate that resets and compounds daily over a specified interval

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(generally one to three months) throughout the term of each agreement. On the initiation date of the swap, the agreed upon exchange interest rates reflect market conditions at that point in time. Swaps generally require counterparty collateral pledges that ensure the counterparties' ability to comply with the conditions of the agreement. Concurrent with the execution of each swap, the Association enters into a short-term borrowing or issues brokered CDs in an amount equal to the notional amount of the swap and with interest rate resets aligned with the reset interval of the swap. Each individual swap agreement has been designated as a cash flow hedge of interest rate risk associated with either the Company's variable rate borrowings from the FHLB of Cincinnati or brokered CDs. The Association has found it financially beneficial to use swaps to extend the duration of our liabilities with a relatively lower borrowing cost. For more details, refer to Notes 6. BORROWED FUNDS and 13. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS of the NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

Each funding alternative is monitored and evaluated based on its effective interest payment rate, options exercisable by the creditor (early withdrawal, right to call, etc.), and collateral requirements. Refer to Notes 5. DEPOSITS and 6. BORROWED FUNDS for additional details on balances. The interest payment rate is a function of market influences that are specific to the nuances and market competitiveness/breadth of each funding source. Generally, early withdrawal options, subject to a fee, are available to our retail CD customers but not to holders of brokered CDs; issuer call options are not provided on our advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati; and we are not subject to early termination options with respect to our interest rate exchange contracts. Additionally, collateral pledges are not provided with respect to our retail CDs or our brokered CDs, but are required for our advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati as well as for our interest rate exchange contracts. We will continue to evaluate the structure of our funding sources balancing the need to extend duration and manage cost.

Selling Fixed Rate Loans in the Secondary Market

We also manage interest rate risk by selectively selling a portion of our long-term, fixed-rate mortgage loans in the secondary market. First mortgage loans (primarily fixed-rate mortgages with terms of 15 years or more, Home Ready and certain loans acquired through our correspondent lending partner) are originated under Fannie Mae guidelines and are eligible for sale to Fannie Mae either as whole loans or within mortgage-backed securities. Certain types of loans (i.e. our Smart Rate adjustable-rate loans, 10-year fixed-rate loans, and first mortgage loans secured by certain property types) are originated under our proprietary underwriting and closing process and are not eligible for sale to Fannie Mae. We can also manage interest rate risk by selling non-Fannie Mae compliant mortgage loans to private investors, although those transactions may be limited to loans that have established payment histories, strong borrower credit profiles and are supported by adequate collateral. Additionally, sales to private investors are dependent upon favorable market conditions, including motivated buyers, and involve more complicated negotiations and longer settlement timelines.

During the nine months ended June 30, 2025, $210.6 million of agency-compliant, long-term (15 to 30 years), fixed-rate mortgage loans were sold, or committed to be sold, primarily to Fannie Mae. Of these sold or committed loans, $20.8 million were originated under Fannie Mae's Home Ready initiative, $23.0 million were acquired through a correspondent lending partnership and $166.8 million were originated as agency-compliant first mortgage loans or to the same "Qualified Mortgage" underwriting standards. At June 30, 2025, loans classified as held for sale totaled $31.0 million. At June 30, 2025, we serviced $1.99 billion of loans we originated and later sold to investors.

We continue to consider liquidity and balance sheet management, as well as secondary market pricing, in evaluating the opportunity to sell loans. Loan sales are discussed in more detail within the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of this Item 2.

Monitoring and Limiting Our Credit Risk. While, historically, we had been successful in limiting our credit risk exposure by generally imposing high credit standards with respect to lending, the memory of the 2008 housing market collapse and financial crisis is a constant reminder to focus on credit risk. In response to the evolving economic landscape, we continuously revise and update our quarterly analysis and evaluation procedures, as needed, for each category of our lending with the objective of identifying and recognizing all appropriate credit losses. At June 30, 2025, 90% of our assets consisted of residential real estate loans (both “held for sale” and “held for investment”) and home equity loans and lines of credit. Our analytic procedures and evaluations include specific reviews of all home equity loans and lines of credit that become 90 or more days past due, as well as specific reviews of all first mortgage loans that are at least 150 days past due, but not later than 180 days past due. We transfer performing home equity lines of credit subordinate to first mortgages delinquent greater than 90 days to non-accrual status. We also charge-off performing loans to collateral value and classify those loans as non-accrual within 60 days of notification of all borrowers filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy, that have not reaffirmed or been dismissed, regardless of how long the loans have been performing.

In an effort to limit our credit risk exposure and keep it consistent with the low risk appetite approved by the Board of Directors, the credit eligibility criteria is evaluated to ensure a successful homeowner has the primary source of repayment, followed by a collateral position that allows for a secondary source of repayment, if needed. Products that do not result in an

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effective mix of repayment ability are not offered. We believe we use stringent, conservative lending standards for underwriting to reduce our credit risk. For first mortgage loans originated during the current quarter, the average credit score was 776 and the average LTV was 70% at origination. Our current delinquency levels reflect the higher credit standards to which we subject all new originations. As of June 30, 2025, loans originated or acquired had a balance of $15.70 billion, of which $34.3 million, or 0.2%, were delinquent.

One aspect of our credit risk concern relates to high concentrations of our loans that are secured by residential real estate in specific states, particularly Ohio and Florida, where a large portion of our historical lending has occurred. At June 30, 2025, approximately 58.4% and 16.8% of the combined total of our residential Core and construction loans were held for investment, and approximately 22.4% and 21.8% of our home equity loans and lines of credit were secured by properties in Ohio and Florida, respectively. In an effort to moderate the concentration of our credit risk exposure in individual states, we have utilized direct mail marketing, our internet site and our customer service call center to extend our lending activities to other attractive geographic locations. Currently, in addition to Ohio and Florida, we are actively lending in 25 other states and the District of Columbia, and as a result of that activity, the concentration ratios of the combined total of our residential Core and construction loans held for investment in Ohio and Florida have trended downward from their September 30, 2010, levels when the concentrations were 79.1% in Ohio and 19.0% in Florida. Of the total mortgage loans originated in the nine months ended June 30, 2025, 29.2% are secured by properties in states other than Ohio or Florida.

Maintaining Access to Adequate Liquidity and Diverse Funding Sources to Support our Growth. For most insured depositories, customer and community confidence are critical to their ability to maintain access to adequate liquidity and to conduct business in an orderly manner. We believe that a well capitalized institution is one of the most important factors in nurturing customer and community confidence. At June 30, 2025, the Association’s ratio of Tier 1 (leverage) capital to net average assets (a basic industry measure that deems 5.00% or above to represent a “well capitalized” status) was 10.10%. The Association's Tier 1 (leverage) capital ratio at June 30, 2025 included the negative impact of a $40 million cash dividend payment that the Association made to the Company, its sole shareholder, in December 2024. Because of its intercompany nature, this dividend payment did not impact the Company's consolidated capital ratios which are reported in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of this Item 2. We expect to continue to remain a well capitalized institution.

In managing its level of liquidity, the Company monitors available funding sources, which include attracting new deposits (including brokered deposits), borrowing from others, the conversion of assets to cash and the generation of funds through profitable operations. The Company has traditionally relied on retail deposits as its primary means in meeting its funding needs. To attract deposits, we typically offer rates that are competitive with the rates on similar products offered by other financial institutions. At June 30, 2025, deposits totaled $10.34 billion (including $977.5 million of brokered CDs), while borrowings totaled $4.88 billion and borrowers’ advances and servicing escrows totaled $148.1 million, combined. In evaluating funding sources, we consider many factors, including cost, collateral, duration and optionality, current availability, expected sustainability, impact on operations and capital levels.

While our retail deposit customers provide our primary source of funding, we maintain many alternative funding sources. First, we pledge available real estate mortgage loans with the FHLB of Cincinnati and the FRB-Cleveland. At June 30, 2025, the Association had the ability to borrow a maximum of $6.63 billion from the FHLB of Cincinnati and $530.8 million from the FRB-Cleveland Discount Window. As of June 30, 2025, our capacity for additional borrowing from the FHLB of Cincinnati was $1.77 billion. Second, we have the ability to purchase overnight Fed Funds up to $455.0 million through various arrangements with other institutions. Third, we invest in high quality marketable securities that exhibit limited market price variability and, to the extent that they are not needed as collateral for borrowings, can be sold in the institutional market and converted to cash. At June 30, 2025, our investment securities portfolio totaled $525.2 million. Fourth, selling loans in the secondary market is a regular source of liquidity. During the nine months ended June 30, 2025, we sold, or committed to sell $210.6 million in loans primarily to Fannie Mae. Finally, cash flows from operating activities have been a regular source of funds. During the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, cash flows from operations provided $93.5 million and $147.3 million, respectively.

Overall, while customer and community confidence can never be assured, the Company believes that its liquidity is adequate and that it has access to adequate alternative funding sources.

Monitoring and Controlling Our Operating Expenses. We continue to focus on managing operating expenses. We have successfully been able to reduce our operating expenses to help offset the pressure of margin compression resulting from our liabilities repricing at elevated interest rates and sooner than most of our longer-term fixed rate assets reprice. Our ratio of annualized non-interest expense to average assets was 1.19% for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, and 1.20% for the nine months ended June 30, 2024. As of June 30, 2025, our average assets per full-time employee and our average deposits per full-time employee were $18.2 million and $10.9 million, respectively. We believe that each of these measures compares favorably with industry averages. Our relatively high average deposits (exclusive of brokered CDs) held at our branch offices ($253.1

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million per branch office as of June 30, 2025) contributes to our expense management efforts by limiting the overhead costs of serving our customers. We will continue our efforts to control operating expenses to help offset margin compression.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Critical accounting policies and estimates are defined as those made in accordance with U.S. GAAP that involve significant judgments, estimates and uncertainties, and could potentially give rise to materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. We believe that the most critical accounting policies and estimates upon which our financial condition and results of operations depend, and which involve the most complex subjective decisions or assessments, are those with respect to our allowance for credit losses, as described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024.

Allowance for Credit Losses

We provide for credit losses based on a life of loan methodology. Accordingly, all credit losses are charged to, and all recoveries are credited to, the related allowance. Additions to the allowance for credit losses are provided by charges to income based on various factors which, in our judgment, deserve current recognition in estimating lifetime credit losses. We regularly review the loan portfolio and off-balance sheet exposures and make provisions (or releases) for losses in order to maintain the allowance for credit losses in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our allowance for credit losses is a general valuation allowance (GVA) on our portfolio made up of:

(1)quantitative GVAs for loans, which are general allowances for credit losses for each loan type based on historical loan loss experience;

(2)quantitative GVAs for off-balance sheet credit exposures, which are comprised of expected lifetime losses on unfunded loan commitments to extend credit where the obligations are not unconditionally cancellable; and

(3)qualitative GVAs, which are adjustments to the quantitative GVAs, maintained to cover uncertainties that affect the estimate of expected credit losses for each loan type.

On October 1, 2023, the IVA established for any loans dependent on cash flows, such as performing TDRs, was eliminated with the adoption of ASU 2022-02. Subsequently, all non-collateral dependent modifications have an allowance estimated through the lifetime loss model. The qualitative GVAs expand our ability to identify and estimate probable losses and are based on our evaluation of the following factors, some of which are consistent with factors that impact the determination of quantitative GVAs. For example, delinquency statistics (both current and historical) are used in developing the quantitative GVAs, while the trending of the delinquency statistics is considered and evaluated in the determination of the qualitative GVAs. Factors impacting the determination of qualitative GVAs include, among other:

•changes in lending policies and procedures including underwriting standards, collection, charge-off or recovery practices;

•management's view of changes in national, regional, and local economic and business conditions and trends including treasury yields, housing market factors and trends, such as the status of loans in foreclosure, real estate in judgment and real estate owned, and unemployment statistics and trends and how it aligns with economic modeling forecasts;

•changes in the nature and volume of the portfolios including home equity lines of credit utilization and adjustable-rate mortgage loans nearing a rate reset;

•changes in the experience, ability or depth of lending management;

•changes in the volume or severity of past due loans, volume of non-accrual loans, or the volume and severity of adversely classified loans including the trending of delinquency statistics (both current and historical), historical loan loss experience and trends, the frequency and magnitude of loan modifications, and uncertainty surrounding borrowers’ ability to recover from temporary hardships for which short-term loan modifications are granted;

•changes in the quality of the loan review system;

•changes in the value of the underlying collateral including asset disposition loss statistics (both current and historical) and the trending of those statistics, and additional charge-offs and recoveries on individually reviewed loans;

•existence of any concentrations of credit;

•effect of other external factors such as competition, market interest rate changes or legal and regulatory requirements including market conditions and regulatory directives that impact the entire financial services industry; and

•limitations within our models to predict lifetime net losses on the loan portfolio.

Home equity loans and lines of credit generally have higher credit risk than traditional residential mortgage loans. These loans and credit lines are usually in a second lien position and when combined with the first mortgage, result in generally higher overall loan-to-value ratios. In a stressed housing market with high delinquencies and decreasing housing prices, these higher

44

loan-to-value ratios represent a greater risk of loss to the Company. A borrower with more equity in the property has a vested interest in keeping the loan current when compared to a borrower with little or no equity in the property. Given the higher risk inherent in home equity loans and lines of credit and our experience during periods of weak housing markets and potential uncertainty with respect to future employment levels and economic prospects, we conduct an expanded loan level evaluation of our home equity loans and lines of credit, including bridge loans used to aid borrowers in buying a new home before selling their old one, which are delinquent 90 days or more. This expanded evaluation is in addition to our traditional evaluation procedures. We have established an allowance for our unfunded commitments on this portfolio, which is recorded in other liabilities. Our home equity loans and lines of credit portfolio continues to comprise a significant portion of our gross charge-offs. At June 30, 2025, we had an amortized cost of $3.92 billion in home equity lines of credit and $700.7 million in home equity loans outstanding, of which $5.2 million, or 0.11%, were delinquent 90 days or more.

The allowance for credit losses is evaluated based upon the combined total of the quantitative and qualitative GVAs. Periodically, the carrying value of loans and factors impacting our credit loss analysis are evaluated and the allowance is adjusted accordingly. While we use the best information available to make evaluations, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on unforeseen changes in loan quality and economic conditions.

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The following table sets forth activity for credit losses segregated by geographic location for the periods indicated. The majority of our Residential Core and Home Today loan portfolios is secured by properties located in Ohio, and therefore were not segregated by state.

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,						For the Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2025			2024			2025			2024
	(Dollars in thousands)
Allowance balance for credit losses on loans (beginning of the period)	$	70,546		$	68,169		$	70,002		$	77,315
Adoption of ASU 2022-02	—			—			—			(10,262)
Charge-offs on real estate loans:
Total Residential Core	—			29			18			216
Total Residential Home Today	7			73			15			103
Home equity lines of credit
Ohio	138			58			451			300
Florida	56			38			116			77
California	—			—			18			96
Other	19			47			182			188
Total home equity lines of credit	213			143			767			661
Home equity loans
Ohio	—			18			17			18
Florida	—			—			—			16
California	—			—			—			—
Other	—			—			—			—
Total home equity loans	—			18			17			34
Total charge-offs	220			263			817			1,014
Recoveries on real estate loans:
Residential Core	195			453			846			1,027
Residential Home Today	570			669			1,429			1,648
Home equity lines of credit	389			453			1,570			1,880
Home equity loans	11			34			30			63
Construction	—			20			—			20
Total recoveries	1,165			1,629			3,875			4,638
Net recoveries	945			1,366			3,058			3,624
Provision (release) of allowance for credit losses on loans	1,049			(2,006)			(520)			(3,148)
Allowance balance for loans (end of the period)	$	72,540		$	67,529		$	72,540		$	67,529
Allowance balance for credit losses on unfunded commitments (beginning of the period)	$	29,380		$	26,657		$	27,811		$	27,515
Provision for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments	451			1,506			2,020			648
Allowance balance for unfunded loan commitments (end of the period)	29,831			28,163			29,831			28,163
Allowance balance for all credit losses (end of the period)	$	102,371		$	95,692		$	102,371		$	95,692
Ratios:
Allowance for credit losses on loans to non-accrual loans at end of the period	194.72		%	190.93		%	194.72		%	190.93		%
Allowance for credit losses on loans to the total amortized cost in loans at end of the period	0.46		%	0.44		%	0.46		%	0.44		%

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The following table sets forth additional information with respect to net recoveries by category for the periods indicated rounded to the nearest tenth of a percent.

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net recoveries to average loans outstanding (annualized)
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	0.01	%	0.01	%	0.01	%	0.01	%
Residential Home Today	0.01		0.02		0.01		0.01
Home equity lines of credit	0.00		0.01		0.01		0.01
Home equity loans	0.00		0.00		0.00		0.00
Total net recoveries to average loans outstanding (annualized)	0.02	%	0.04	%	0.03	%	0.03	%

We continue to evaluate loans becoming delinquent for potential losses and record provisions for the estimate of those losses. We reported net recoveries in each quarter for the past six years, primarily due to improvements in the values of properties used to secure loans that were fully or partially charged off after the 2008 collapse of the housing market. Charge-offs are recognized on loans identified as collateral-dependent and subject to individual review when the collateral value does not sufficiently support full repayment of the obligation. Recoveries are recognized on previously charged-off loans as borrowers perform their repayment obligations or as loans with improved collateral positions reach final resolution. During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, recoveries exceeded loan charge-offs by $0.9 million and $1.4 million, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, gross charge-offs were $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Delinquent loans continue to be evaluated for potential losses and provisions are recorded for the estimate of potential losses of those loans.

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the total allowance for credit losses increased to $102.4 million, from $99.9 million at March 31, 2025. The total allowance for credit losses is comprised of the asset portion, which is applied to the loan portfolio and the liability portion, which is applied to off-balance sheet exposures, primarily related to undrawn equity exposures. During the three months ended June 30, 2025, the asset portion of the total allowance increased to $72.5 million from $70.5 million, and the liability portion of the total allowance increased to $29.8 million from $29.4 million. We recorded a $1.5 million net provision for credit losses for the period, consisting of a $1.0 million provision on loans and a $0.5 million provision for credit losses on off-balance sheet exposures.

Because many variables are considered in determining the appropriate level of general valuation allowances, directional changes in individual considerations do not always align with the directional change in the balance of a particular component of the general valuation allowance. The increase in the allowance for credit losses applied to the loan portfolio during the three months ended June 30, 2025, was primarily related to the net impact of increases in the home equity loan and line of credit portfolios and an increase in the mortgage loss dollars due to a higher origination rate and a widening in the treasury spread and unfavorable unemployment and home price projections. The portion of the allowance for credit losses applied to off-balance sheet exposures increased slightly due to an increase in those exposures, including both the undrawn portion of equity lines of credit and commitments to originate or acquire loans.

The amortized cost of the residential Core portfolio decreased 0.2%, or $23.1 million, and its total allowance increased 0.8%, or $0.3 million, as of June 30, 2025, compared to March 31, 2025. The amortized cost of the home equity lines of credit portfolio increased 5.7%, or $210.1 million, and its total allowance increased 6.8% to $20.8 million, from $19.5 million at March 31, 2025. The amortized cost of the home equity loans increased 7.9%, or $51.4 million, and its total allowance increased 6.5% to $13.7 million, from $12.8 million at March 31, 2025. As we are no longer originating loans under our Home Today program, there is an expected net recovery position for this portfolio which was $2.9 million at June 30, 2025, and $2.4 million at March 31, 2025. Under the CECL methodology, the life of loan concept allows for qualitative adjustments for the expected future recoveries of previously charged-off loans, which is driving the allowance balance for the Home Today loans to be negative. Refer to the "Activity in the Allowance for Credit Losses" and "Analysis of the Allowance for Credit Losses" tables in Note 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCES FOR CREDIT LOSSES of the NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for more information.

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The following tables set forth the allowance for credit losses allocated by loan category, the percent of allowance in each category to the total allowance on loans, and the percent of loans in each category to total loans at the dates indicated. The allowance for credit losses allocated to each category is not necessarily indicative of future losses in any particular category and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in other categories. The tables do not include allowances for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments, which are primarily related to undrawn home equity lines of credit.

	June 30, 2025				September 30, 2024
	Amount		Percent of Allowance to Total Allowance	Percent of Loans in Category to Total  Loans	Amount		Percent of Allowance to Total Allowance	Percent of Loans in Category to Total  Loans
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	40,979	56.5%	70.3%	$	44,402	63.4%	74.2%
Residential Home Today	(2,922)		(4.0)	0.2	(2,672)		(3.8)	0.3
Home equity lines of credit	20,788		28.7	24.9	16,590		23.7	21.7
Home equity loans	13,666		18.8	4.5	11,642		16.6	3.6
Construction	29		—	0.1	40		0.1	0.2
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$	72,540	100.0%	100.0%	$	70,002	100.0%	100.0%

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Lending Activities

Loan Portfolio Composition

The following table sets forth the composition of the portfolio of loans held for investment, by type of loan segregated by geographic location, at the indicated dates, excluding loans held for sale. The majority of our Home Today loan portfolio is secured by properties located in Ohio and the balances of other loans are immaterial. Therefore, neither was segregated by geographic location. 

	June 30, 2025				September 30, 2024
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:
Residential Core
Ohio	$	6,405,394			$	6,605,571
Florida	1,849,038				1,976,473
Other	2,715,498				2,803,098
Total Residential Core	10,969,930		70.3	%	11,385,142		74.2	%
Total Residential Home Today	37,474		0.2		40,936		0.3
Home equity lines of credit
Ohio	859,878				768,030
Florida	841,936				734,895
California	656,955				545,442
Other	1,522,363				1,275,014
Total home equity lines of credit	3,881,132		24.9		3,323,381		21.7
Home equity loans
Ohio	163,924				148,721
Florida	156,891				139,912
California	127,986				107,833
Other	246,203				165,460
Total home equity loans	695,004		4.5		561,926		3.6
Construction loans
Ohio	12,145				21,300
Florida	1,400				401
Other	961				—
Total construction	14,506		0.1		21,701		0.2
Other loans	7,745		—		5,705		—
Total loans receivable	15,605,791		100.0	%	15,338,791		100.0	%
Deferred loan expenses, net	69,517				64,956
Loans in process	(6,771)				(11,686)
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(72,540)				(70,002)
Total loans receivable, net	$	15,595,997			$	15,322,059

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The following table provides the amortized cost and an analysis of our real estate loans held for investment disaggregated by refreshed FICO score, year of origination and portfolio at June 30, 2025. FICO scores are updated quarterly as available. The Company treats the FICO score information as demonstrating that underwriting guidelines reduce risk rather than as a credit quality indicator utilized in the evaluation of credit risk. Revolving loans reported at amortized cost include home equity lines of credit currently in their draw period, therefore not by year of origination. Revolving loans converted to term are home equity lines of credit that are in repayment.

													Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term
	By fiscal year of origination
	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior						Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2025
Real estate loans:
Residential Core
<680	$	10,885	$	20,110	$	57,963	$	118,962	$	66,256	$	185,366	$	—	$	—	$	459,542
680-740	98,416		54,169		160,870		306,703		177,853		427,758		—		—		1,225,769
741+	480,464		404,771		1,185,019		2,276,921		1,404,277		3,359,159		—		—		9,110,611
Unknown (1)	857		1,552		6,339		31,279		37,016		123,465		—		—		200,508
Total Residential Core	590,622		480,602		1,410,191		2,733,865		1,685,402		4,095,748		—		—		10,996,430
Residential Home Today (2)
<680	—		—		—		—		—		17,430		—		—		17,430
680-740	—		—		—		—		—		7,411		—		—		7,411
741+	—		—		—		—		—		9,736		—		—		9,736
Unknown (1)	—		—		—		—		—		2,432		—		—		2,432
Total Residential Home Today	—		—		—		—		—		37,009		—		—		37,009
Home equity lines of credit
<680	—		—		—		—		—		—		216,533		11,583		228,116
680-740	—		—		—		—		—		—		763,039		11,920		774,959
741+	—		—		—		—		—		—		2,849,310		30,597		2,879,907
Unknown (1)	—		—		—		—		—		—		31,475		4,574		36,049
Total Home equity lines of credit	—		—		—		—		—		—		3,860,357		58,674		3,919,031
Home equity loans
<680	3,740		13,055		10,008		1,975		1,049		1,300		—		—		31,127
680-740	58,685		49,233		26,895		6,492		1,310		2,103		—		—		144,718
741+	169,850		190,188		99,059		38,766		12,503		11,819		—		—		522,185
Unknown (1)	147		483		783		556		95		577		—		—		2,641
Total Home equity loans	232,422		252,959		136,745		47,789		14,957		15,799		—		—		700,671
Construction
741+	4,673		2,978		—		—		—		—		—		—		7,651
Total Construction	4,673		2,978		—		—		—		—		—		—		7,651
Total net real estate loans	$	827,717	$	736,539	$	1,546,936	$	2,781,654	$	1,700,359	$	4,148,556	$	3,860,357	$	58,674	$	15,660,792
(1) Data necessary for stratification is not readily available.
(2) No new originations of Home Today loans since fiscal year 2016.

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The following table provides amortized cost and an analysis of our real estate loans held for investment by origination LTV, origination year and portfolio at June 30, 2025. Subsequent to origination, LTVs are only updated for our home equity loans and lines of credit and for collateral-dependent residential mortgage loans.

													Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Revolving Loans Converted to Term
	By fiscal year of origination
	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior						Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
June 30, 2025
Real estate loans:
Residential Core
<80%	$	232,129	$	182,945	$	488,111	$	1,576,175	$	1,131,834	$	2,117,398	$	—	$	—	$	5,728,592
80-89.9%	259,374		241,913		728,409		962,653		513,241		1,808,971		—		—		4,514,561
90-100%	99,119		55,744		193,671		194,049		40,071		167,232		—		—		749,886
>100%	—		—		—		—		—		642		—		—		642
Unknown (1)	—		—		—		988		256		1,505		—		—		2,749
Total Residential Core	590,622		480,602		1,410,191		2,733,865		1,685,402		4,095,748		—		—		10,996,430
Residential Home Today (2)
<80%	—		—		—		—		—		7,699		—		—		7,699
80-89.9%	—		—		—		—		—		11,538		—		—		11,538
90-100%	—		—		—		—		—		17,772		—		—		17,772
Total Residential Home Today	—		—		—		—		—		37,009		—		—		37,009
Home equity lines of credit(3)
<80%	—		—		—		—		—		—		3,648,992		45,198		3,694,190
80-89.9%	—		—		—		—		—		—		209,340		12,343		221,683
90-100%	—		—		—		—		—		—		823		108		931
>100%	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,027		238		1,265
Unknown (1)	—		—		—		—		—		—		175		787		962
Total Home equity lines of credit	—		—		—		—		—		—		3,860,357		58,674		3,919,031
Home equity loans
<80%	223,852		247,465		132,824		46,242		14,581		13,152		—		—		678,116
80-89.9%	8,570		5,400		3,921		1,522		376		941		—		—		20,730
90-100%	—		—		—		—		—		589		—		—		589
>100%	—		94		—		25		—		1,117		—		—		1,236
Total Home equity loans	232,422		252,959		136,745		47,789		14,957		15,799		—		—		700,671
Construction
<80%	3,238		1,415		—		—		—		—		—		—		4,653
80-89.9%	1,435		1,563		—		—		—		—		—		—		2,998
Total Construction	4,673		2,978		—		—		—		—		—		—		7,651
Total net real estate loans	$	827,717	$	736,539	$	1,546,936	$	2,781,654	$	1,700,359	$	4,148,556	$	3,860,357	$	58,674	$	15,660,792
(1) Market data necessary for stratification is not readily available.
(2) No new originations of Home Today loans since fiscal year 2016.
(3) Mean CLTV percent at origination for all home equity lines of credit is based on the committed amount.

At June 30, 2025, the unpaid principal balance of the home equity loans and lines of credit portfolio consisted of $695.0 million in home equity loans (which included $17.3 million in bridge loans) and $3.88 billion in home equity lines of credit (which included $58.4 million of home equity lines of credit which are in repayment and no longer eligible to be drawn upon).

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The following table sets forth credit exposure, principal balance, percent delinquent 90 days or more, the mean CLTV percent at the time of origination and the current mean CLTV percent of home equity loans, home equity lines of credit and bridge loan portfolios as of June 30, 2025. Home equity lines of credit in the draw period are reported according to geographic distribution.

	Credit Exposure		Principal Balance		Percent Delinquent 90 Days or More		Mean CLTV Percent at Origination (2)		Current Mean CLTV Percent (3)
	(Dollars in thousands)
Home equity lines of credit in draw period (by state)
Ohio	$	2,519,303	$	835,783	0.10	%	60	%	42	%
Florida	1,760,914		826,838		0.12		56		45
California	1,519,207		648,651		0.09		59		50
Other (1)	3,538,345		1,511,486		0.10		63		51
Total home equity lines of credit in draw period	9,337,769		3,822,758		0.10		59		47
Home equity lines in repayment	58,374		58,374		1.19		59		29
Home equity loans and bridge loans	695,004		695,004		0.08		57		50
Total	$	10,091,147	$	4,576,136	0.11	%	59	%	48	%

(1)No other individual state has a committed or drawn balance greater than 10% of our total home equity lending portfolio and 5% of total loan balances.

(2)Mean CLTV percent at origination for all home equity lines of credit is based on the committed amount.

(3)Current Mean CLTV is based on best available first mortgage and property values as of June 30, 2025. Property values are estimated using HPI data published by the FHFA. Current Mean CLTV percent for home equity lines of credit in the draw period is calculated using the committed amount. Current Mean CLTV on home equity lines of credit in the repayment period is calculated using the principal balance.

The principal balance of home equity lines of credit in the draw period that have a current CLTV over 80% or unknown, based on drawn amount, is $31.3 million, or 0.8% of the total, at June 30, 2025. In recognition of the past weakness in the housing market, we continue to conduct an expanded loan level evaluation of our home equity lines of credit which are delinquent 90 days or more.

At June 30, 2025, 23.1% of the home equity lending portfolio was either in a first lien position (12.0%), in a subordinate (second) lien position behind a first lien that we held (9.2%) or behind a first lien that was held by a loan that we originated, sold and now serviced for others (1.9%). At June 30, 2025, 12.3% of the home equity line of credit portfolio in the draw period were making only the minimum payment on the outstanding line balance. Minimum payments include both a principal and interest component.

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Delinquent Loans

The following tables set forth the amortized cost in loan delinquencies by type, segregated by geographic location and duration of delinquency as of the dates indicated. The majority of our Home Today loan portfolio is secured by properties located in Ohio, and therefore not segregated by state. There were no other loans with delinquent balances. There were no delinquencies in the construction loan portfolio as of the dates presented.

	Loans Delinquent for
June 30, 2025	30-89 Days		90 Days or More		Total
Real estate loans:	(Dollars in thousands)
Residential Core
Ohio	$	4,569	$	3,900	$	8,469
Florida	1,963		2,781		4,744
Other	2,603		3,219		5,822
Total Residential Core	9,135		9,900		19,035
Residential Home Today	1,229		667		1,896
Home equity lines of credit
Ohio	1,008		1,067		2,075
Florida	2,207		1,028		3,235
California	1,424		784		2,208
Other	2,142		1,778		3,920
Total Home equity lines of credit	6,781		4,657		11,438
Home equity loans
Ohio	93		124		217
Florida	376		196		572
California	376		64		440
Other	478		192		670
Total Home equity loans	1,323		576		1,899
Total	$	18,468	$	15,800	$	34,268

	Loans Delinquent for
September 30, 2024	30-89 Days		90 Days or More		Total
Real estate loans:	(Dollars in thousands)
Residential Core
Ohio	$	5,490	$	3,943	$	9,433
Florida	2,676		1,570		4,246
Other	3,412		3,368		6,780
Total Residential Core	11,578		8,881		20,459
Residential Home Today	1,121		693		1,814
Home equity lines of credit
Ohio	1,039		891		1,930
Florida	994		474		1,468
California	848		752		1,600
Other	1,689		1,961		3,650
Total Home equity lines of credit	4,570		4,078		8,648
Home equity loans
Ohio	82		102		184
Florida	105		151		256
California	204		29		233
Other	294		—		294
Total Home equity loans	685		282		967
Total	$	17,954	$	13,934	$	31,888

Total loans seriously delinquent (i.e. delinquent 90 days or more) were 0.10% of total net loans at June 30, 2025, and 0.09% at September 30, 2024. The percentage of loans seriously delinquent in the residential Core portfolio remained at 0.06%

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for both periods. Serious delinquencies in the home equity lines of credit portfolio remained at 0.03% for both periods. Serious delinquencies in the Home Today and home equity loans portfolios at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively, are immaterial due to the low level of seriously delinquent loans as compared to the total net loans at each period.

Although delinquencies in most portfolios remain at or near historic lows, recent economic trends and elevated interest rates on home equity lines of credit led to an upward trend in delinquencies in that portfolio. Interest rates on home equity lines of credit are tied to the prime rate of interest which remains elevated, resulting in higher and less affordable monthly payments for some borrowers.

Non-Performing Assets

The following table sets forth the amortized costs and categories of our non-performing assets at the dates indicated. There were no construction loans reported as non-accrual at the dates presented.

	June 30, 2025			September 30, 2024
	(Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans:
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	22,552		$	21,058
Residential Home Today	3,139			3,672
Home equity lines of credit	10,426			8,361
Home equity loans	1,137			519
Total non-accrual loans	37,254			33,610
Real estate owned	1,240			174
Total non-performing assets	$	38,494		$	33,784
Ratios:
Total non-accrual loans to total loans	0.24		%	0.22		%
Total non-accrual loans to total assets	0.21		%	0.20		%
Total non-performing assets to total assets	0.22		%	0.20		%

We continue to modify loans to work with borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty to help them keep their homes and to preserve neighborhoods. Loan modifications may include interest rate reductions, term extensions (generally including capitalization of delinquent amounts), significant payment delays, other, or a combination thereof. For additional information, refer to Note 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCES FOR CREDIT LOSSES.

The amortized cost of collateral-dependent loans includes loans that have returned to accrual status when contractual payments became less than 90 days past due. These loans continue to be individually evaluated based on collateral until, at a minimum, contractual payments are less than 30 days past due. Also, the amortized cost of non-accrual loans includes loans that are not included in the amortized cost of collateral-dependent loans because they are included in loans collectively evaluated for credit losses.

The table below sets forth a reconciliation of the amortized costs and categories between non-accrual loans and collateral-dependent loans at the dates indicated.

	June 30, 2025		September 30, 2024
	(Dollars in thousands)
Non-Accrual Loans	$	37,254	$	33,610
Accruing Collateral-Dependent Loans	11,474		9,064
Less: Loans Collectively Evaluated	(5,317)		(3,097)
Total Collateral-Dependent loans	$	43,411	$	39,577

Comparison of Financial Condition at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024

Total assets increased $284.9 million, or 1.7%, to $17.38 billion at June 30, 2025, from $17.09 billion at September 30, 2024. This increase was mainly the result of an increase in loans held for investment.

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Cash and cash equivalents decreased $11.1 million, or 2.4%, to $452.6 million at June 30, 2025, from $463.7 million at September 30, 2024. Cash is managed to maintain the level of liquidity described later in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section.

Investment securities available for sale decreased $1.1 million, or less than 1%, to $525.2 million at June 30, 2025, from $526.3 million at September 30, 2024. There were no sales of investment securities during the nine months ended June 30, 2025.

Mortgage loans held for sale increased by $13.2 million, or 74.2%, to $31.0 million at June 30, 2025, from $17.8 million at September 30, 2024 due to an increase in loans committed to forward sales.

Loans held for investment, net of deferred loan fees and allowance for credit losses, increased $273.9 million, or 1.8%, to $15.60 billion at June 30, 2025, from $15.32 billion at September 30, 2024. During the nine months ended June 30, 2025, the home equity loans and lines of credit portfolio increased $690.8 million and residential core mortgage loans decreased $415.2 million.

The changes in loans held for sale and loans held for investment were affected by the volume of loans originated, acquired and sold. During the nine months ended June 30, 2025, total first mortgage loan originations were $760.2 million compared to $598.7 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2024. Of total residential mortgage loans originated and acquired during the current period, $673.3 million (88.6%) were purchase transactions and $98.7 million (13.0%) were adjustable rate loans. Commitments originated for home equity loans and lines of credit were $1.87 billion for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $1.62 billion for the nine months ended June 30, 2024. Refer to Note 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCES FOR CREDIT LOSSES of the NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for additional information.

Premises, equipment and software, net increased by $5.9 million, or 17.8%, to $39.1 million at June 30, 2025 from $33.2 million at September 30, 2024 due to increased software acquisitions.                                    

Other assets, including prepaid expenses, decreased $6.8 million, or 6.0%, to $107.3 million at June 30, 2025, from $114.1 million at September 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily the result of a $4.9 million decrease in interest receivable from swaps and a $2.6 million increase in unapplied wire transfer receipts, primarily loan repayments.

Deposits increased $146.4 million, or 1.4%, to $10.34 billion at June 30, 2025, from $10.20 billion at September 30, 2024. The increase in deposits included a $250.5 million increase in certificates of deposit partially offset by a $26.7 million decrease in savings accounts, a $49.7 million decrease in money market accounts and a $19.3 million decrease in checking accounts. Based on FDIC insurance limits by ownership structure, uninsured deposits were $381.2 million and $349.3 million at June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, respectively.

Borrowed funds increased $90.1 million, or 1.9%, to $4.88 billion at June 30, 2025, from $4.79 billion at September 30, 2024. The total balance of borrowed funds at June 30, 2025, all from the FHLB, included $1.51 billion of long-term advances with a weighted average maturity of 1.8 years, $2.93 billion of short-term advances aligned with interest rate swap contracts, with a remaining weighted average effective maturity of approximately 2.7 years, and $435.0 million in overnight advances. Interest rate swaps have been used to extend the duration of short-term borrowings, at inception, by paying a fixed rate of interest and receiving the variable rate. Refer to the Extending the Duration of Funding Sources section of the Overview for additional discussion regarding short-term borrowings and interest-rate swaps.

Borrowers' advances for insurance and taxes increased by $4.3 million to $117.9 million at June 30, 2025, from $113.6 million at September 30, 2024. This change primarily reflects the cyclical nature of real estate tax payments that have been collected from borrowers and are in the process of being remitted to various taxing agencies.

Accrued expenses and other liabilities increased $17.2 million, or 16.8% to $115.0 million at June 30, 2025 from $97.8 million at September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily related to a $10.9 million increase in payables due to real estate tax payments in process. There was also a $3.6 million increase in accrued compensation expense and a $1.7 million increase in provision for off-balance sheet credit losses. The increase in accrued compensation was due to the timing of pay dates and an increase in the accrual for discretionary incentive payments.

Total shareholders’ equity increased $25.4 million, or 1.4%, to $1.89 billion at June 30, 2025, from $1.86 billion at September 30, 2024. The increase reflects $65.0 million of net income in the current year reduced by dividends of $44.7 million. Other changes include $0.4 million of net decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income, primarily related to a net decrease in unrealized gains on swap contracts and net positive adjustments of $6.3 million related to our stock compensation and employee stock ownership plans. During the nine months ended June 30, 2025, a total of 57,500 shares of our common stock were repurchased for $0.7 million, or an average cost of $12.87 per share. The Company's eighth stock

55

repurchase program allows for a total of 10,000,000 shares to be repurchased, with 5,134,451 shares remaining to be repurchased at June 30, 2025. As a result of a mutual member vote, Third Federal Savings, MHC, the mutual holding company that owns approximately 80.9% of the outstanding stock of the Company, was able to waive the receipt of its share of the dividend paid. Refer to Part II, Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds for additional details regarding the repurchase of shares of common stock and the dividend waiver.

Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

Average Balances and Yields. The following table sets forth average balances, average yields and costs, and certain other information for the periods indicated. No tax-equivalent yield adjustments were made, as the effects thereof were not material. Average balances are derived from daily average balances. Non-accrual loans are included in the computation of loan average balances, but only cash payments received on those loans during the period presented are reflected in the yield. The yields set forth below include the effect of deferred fees, deferred expenses, discounts and premiums that are amortized or accreted to interest income or interest expense.

	Three Months Ended								Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2025								June 30, 2024
	Average Balance			Interest Income/ Expense			Yield/ Cost (1)		Average Balance			Interest Income/ Expense			Yield/ Cost (1)
	(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-earning cash equivalents	$	388,694		$	4,354		4.48	%	$	618,986		$	8,500		5.49	%
Investment securities	54,074			550			4.07		72,161			906			5.02
Mortgage-backed securities	474,245			4,266			3.60		452,224			3,757			3.32
Loans (2)	15,476,380			177,493			4.59		15,175,535			166,268			4.38
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	221,693			4,744			8.56		235,755			5,475			9.29
Total interest-earning assets	16,615,086			191,407			4.61		16,554,661			184,906			4.47
Noninterest-earning assets	548,257								513,931
Total assets	$	17,163,343							$	17,068,592
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Checking accounts	$	810,566		88			0.04		$	866,170		94			0.04
Savings accounts	1,260,067			3,373			1.07		1,437,406			4,967			1.38
Certificates of deposit	8,311,629			73,342			3.53		7,654,612			70,460			3.68
Borrowed funds	4,595,818			39,610			3.45		4,892,621			40,112			3.28
Total interest-bearing liabilities	14,978,080			116,413			3.11		14,850,809			115,633			3.11
Noninterest-bearing liabilities	270,184								261,741
Total liabilities	15,248,264								15,112,550
Shareholders’ equity	1,915,079								1,956,042
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	17,163,343							$	17,068,592
Net interest income				$	74,994							$	69,273
Interest rate spread (1)(3)							1.50	%							1.36	%
Net interest-earning assets (4)	$	1,637,006							$	1,703,852
Net interest margin (1)(5)				1.81		%						1.67		%
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities	110.93		%						111.47		%
Selected performance ratios:
Return on average assets (1)				0.50		%						0.47		%
Return on average equity (1)				4.49		%						4.08		%
Average equity to average assets				11.16		%						11.46		%

_________________

(1)Annualized.

(2)Loans include both mortgage loans held for sale and loans held for investment.

(3)Interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on average interest-earning assets and the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities.

(4)Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.

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(5)Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by total interest-earning assets.

General. Net income increased $1.5 million, or 7.5%, to $21.5 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, from $20.0 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2024. The increase in net income was primarily attributable to an increase in net interest income and non-interest income, partially offset by increases in non-interest expense and the provision for credit losses.

Interest and Dividend Income. Interest and dividend income increased $6.5 million, or 3.5%, to $191.4 million during the current quarter, compared to $184.9 million during the same quarter in the prior year. The increase in interest and dividend income was primarily the result of an increase in interest income on loans, offset by decreases in income earned on FHLB stock and other interest-bearing cash equivalents.

Interest income on loans increased $11.2 million, or 6.7%, to $177.5 million during the current quarter, compared to $166.3 million for the same quarter in the prior year. This change was primarily attributed to a 21 basis point increase in the average yield on loans for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, to 4.59%, compared to 4.38% the same quarter last year. It was also attributed to a 2.0%, or $300.8 million, increase in the average balance of loans to $15.48 billion for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, compared to $15.18 billion during the same quarter last year as new loan production exceeded principal repayments and loan sales.

Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $0.8 million, or 0.7%, to $116.4 million during the current quarter, compared to $115.6 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2024. The increase primarily resulted from an increase in interest expense on certificate of deposits, offset by decreases in interest expense on borrowed funds and savings deposits.

Interest expense on CDs, net of related interest rate swap contracts, increased $2.8 million, or 4.0%, to $73.3 million during the current quarter, compared to $70.5 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily attributed to a $657.0 million, or 8.6%, increase in the average balance of CDs to $8.31 billion during the current quarter, from $7.65 billion during the same quarter of the prior year, partially offset by a 15 basis point decrease in the average rate paid on CDs, to 3.53% for the current quarter, from 3.68% for the same quarter last year.

Interest expense on savings accounts decreased $1.6 million to $3.4 million during the quarter ended June 30, 2025, compared to $5.0 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2024. The decrease was attributed to a $177.3 million, or 12.3%, decrease in the average balance of savings accounts and a 31 basis point decrease in the average rate paid on savings accounts, to 1.07% during the current quarter, when compared to the prior quarter ended June 30, 2024.

Interest expense on borrowed funds, net of related interest rate swap contracts, decreased $0.5 million, or 1.2%, to $39.6 million during the current quarter, compared to $40.1 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2024. This decrease was mainly attributed to a decrease in the average balance of borrowed funds of $296.8 million, or 6.1%, to $4.60 billion during the current quarter from an average balance of $4.89 billion during the same quarter of the prior year. Refer to the Extending the Duration of Funding Sources section of the Overview and Comparison of Financial Condition for further discussion.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income increased $5.7 million to $75.0 million during the current quarter, compared to $69.3 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to an increase in the yield of interest-earning assets, partially offset by a slight increase in the weighted average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.

Average interest-earning assets during the current quarter increased $60.4 million, or less than 1%, when compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2024. The increase in average interest-earning assets was attributed primarily to an increase in the average balance of loans, offset by a decrease in the average balance of other interest-bearing cash equivalents. The yield on interest-earning assets increased 14 basis points to 4.61% from 4.47%. The average balance of interest-bearing liabilities increased $127.3 million, primarily due to an increase in the average balance of CDs, offset by decreases in the average balances of borrowed funds and savings accounts.

The interest rate spread increased fourteen basis points to 1.50% compared to 1.36% during the same quarter last year. The net interest margin increased fourteen basis points to 1.81% in the current quarter compared to 1.67% for the same quarter last year. Refer to Controlling Our Interest Rate Risk Exposure of the Overview section for further discussion.

Provision (Release) for Credit Losses. We recorded a provision of the allowance for credit losses on loans and off-balance sheet exposures of $1.5 million during the quarter ended June 30, 2025, compared to a release of $0.5 million during the quarter ended June 30, 2024. The increase in provision expense was primarily related to growth in the equity loan and line of credit portfolios. Credit loss provisions (releases) are recorded with the objective of aligning our allowance for credit loss balances with our current estimates of loss in the portfolio. During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, we recorded net recoveries of $0.9 million compared to net recoveries of $1.4 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2024. Refer to the Lending Activities

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section of Item 2. and Note 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCES FOR CREDIT LOSSES of the NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for further discussion.

Non-Interest Income. Non-interest income increased $0.8 million, or 12.8%, to $7.0 million during the current quarter, compared to $6.2 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to increases of $0.4 million in loan fees and service charges and $0.5 million in cash surrender value increases and death benefits from bank owned life insurance contracts.

Non-Interest Expense. Non-interest expense increased $2.4 million, or 4.7%, to $53.2 million during the current quarter, compared to $50.8 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2024. The increase primarily consisted of a $0.9 million increase in marketing expense, a $0.9 million increase in salaries and employee benefits and a $0.2 million increase in FDIC premiums.

Income Tax Expense. The provision for income taxes increased $0.5 million to $5.8 million during the current quarter, compared to $5.3 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2024. The provision for the current quarter included $5.2 million of federal income tax provision and $0.6 million of state income tax expense. The provision for the quarter ended June 30, 2024 included $4.7 million of federal income tax provision and $0.6 million of state income tax expense. Our effective federal tax rate was 19.6% and 18.7% during the quarters ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively.

58

Comparison of Operating Results for the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

Average balances and yields. The following table sets forth average balances, average yields and costs, and certain other information for the periods indicated. No tax-equivalent yield adjustments were made, as the effects thereof were not material. Average balances are derived from daily average balances. Non-accrual loans are included in the computation of loan average balances, but only cash payments received on those loans during the period presented are reflected in the yield. The yields set forth below include the effect of deferred fees, deferred expenses, discounts and premiums that are amortized or accreted to interest income or interest expense.

	Nine Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	June 30, 2025								June 30, 2024
	Average Balance			Interest Income/ Expense			Yield/ Cost (1)		Average Balance			Interest Income/ Expense			Yield/ Cost (1)
	(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-earning cash equivalents	$	409,905		$	13,881		4.52	%	$	579,383		$	23,543		5.42	%
Investment securities	56,121			1,776			4.22		69,677			2,663			5.10
Mortgage-backed securities	465,065			12,250			3.51		448,429			10,871			3.23
Loans (2)	15,384,513			521,151			4.52		15,190,356			491,273			4.31
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	222,495			15,069			9.03		250,285			17,208			9.17
Total interest-earning assets	16,538,099			564,127			4.55		16,538,130			545,558			4.40
Noninterest-earning assets	535,725								524,179
Total assets	$	17,073,824							$	17,062,309
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Checking accounts	$	819,669		267			0.04		$	897,190		310			0.05
Savings accounts	1,256,348			9,448			1.00		1,573,401			17,477			1.48
Certificates of deposit	8,220,860			220,409			3.57		7,350,136			194,745			3.53
Borrowed funds	4,597,155			118,632			3.44		5,051,371			123,283			3.25
Total interest-bearing liabilities	14,894,032			348,756			3.12		14,872,098			335,815			3.01
Noninterest-bearing liabilities	259,143								250,916
Total liabilities	15,153,175								15,123,014
Shareholders’ equity	1,920,650								1,939,295
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	17,073,825							$	17,062,309
Net interest income				$	215,371							$	209,743
Interest rate spread (1)(3)							1.43	%							1.39	%
Net interest-earning assets (4)	$	1,644,067							$	1,666,032
Net interest margin (1)(5)				1.74		%						1.69		%
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities	111.04		%						111.20		%
Selected performance ratios:
Return on average assets (1)				0.51		%						0.48		%
Return on average equity (1)				4.51		%						4.22		%
Average equity to average assets				11.25		%						11.37		%

_________________

(1)Annualized.

(2)Loans include both mortgage loans held for sale and loans held for investment.

(3)Interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on average interest-earning assets and the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities.

(4)Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.

(5)Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by total interest-earning assets.

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General. Net income increased $3.6 million to $65.0 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $61.4 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in net income was primarily driven by an increase in net interest income, non-interest income and a decrease in non-interest expense, partially offset by an increase in the provision for credit losses.

Interest and Dividend Income. Interest and dividend income increased $18.5 million, or 3.4%, to $564.1 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $545.6 million during the same nine months in the prior year. The increase in interest and dividend income resulted mainly from an increase in interest income on loans, partially offset by decreases in income earned on FHLB stock and other interest-bearing cash equivalents.

Interest income on loans increased $29.9 million, or 6.1%, to $521.2 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $491.3 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2024. This increase was attributed mainly to a 21 basis point increase in the average yield on loans to 4.52% for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, from 4.31% for the same nine months in the prior fiscal year. Adding to the increase was a $194.2 million increase in the average balance of loans to $15.38 billion for the current nine months compared to $15.19 billion for the prior fiscal year period as new loan production exceeded repayments and loan sales during the current fiscal year.

Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $13.0 million, or 3.9%, to $348.8 million during the current nine months compared to $335.8 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2024. This increase mainly resulted from an increase in average volume of deposits.

Interest expense on CDs, net of related interest rate swap contracts, increased $25.7 million, or 13.2%, to $220.4 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $194.7 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2024. The increase was attributed primarily to a $870.7 million, or 11.8%, increase in the average balance of CDs to $8.22 billion, from $7.35 billion during the same nine months of the prior fiscal year. In addition, there was a 4 basis point increase in the average rate paid on CDs to 3.57% during the current nine months from 3.53% during the same nine months last fiscal year.

Interest expense on savings accounts decreased $8.1 million to $9.4 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, compared to interest expense of $17.5 million for the nine-month period ended June 30, 2024. The decrease was attributed primarily to a $317.1 million, or 20.15%, decrease in the average balance of savings accounts. In addition, there was a 48 basis point decrease in the average rate paid on savings accounts to 1.00% during the current nine months from 1.48% during the prior nine months ended June 30, 2024.

Interest expense on borrowed funds, net of related interest rate swap contracts, decreased $4.7 million, or 3.8%, to $118.6 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, from $123.3 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily the result of a decrease of $454.2 million in the average balance of borrowed funds to $4.60 billion for the nine months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $5.05 billion for the same period of the prior fiscal year. There was a 19 basis point increase in the average rate paid for these funds to 3.44%, from 3.25% for the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively. Refer to the Extending the Duration of Funding Sources section of the Overview and Comparison of Financial Condition for further discussion.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income increased $5.7 million, or 2.7%, to $215.4 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, from $209.7 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2024. The net increase consisted of a $18.5 million increase in interest income offset by a $13.0 million increase in interest expense.

Average interest-earning assets decreased during the current nine months by less than $0.1 million to $16.54 billion when compared to the nine months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in average assets was attributed primarily to a $27.8 million decrease in FHLB stock and a $169.5 million decrease in interest-bearing cash equivalents, offset by a $194.2 million increase in the average balance of our loans. The yield on average interest-earning assets increased 15 basis points to 4.55% for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, from 4.40% for the nine months ended June 30, 2024. Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $21.9 million to $14.89 billion for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $14.87 billion for the nine months ended June 30, 2024. Average interest-bearing liabilities experienced an 11 basis point increase in cost for the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and the interest rate spread increased 4 basis point to 1.43% when compared to 1.39% during the same nine months of the prior fiscal year period. The net interest margin was 1.74% for the nine months ended June 30, 2025, and 1.69% for the nine months ended June 30, 2024.

Provision (Release) for Credit Losses. We recorded a provision for credit losses on loans and off-balance sheet exposures of $1.5 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, and a $2.5 million release of provision for credit losses at June 30, 2024. In the current nine months, we recorded net recoveries of $3.1 million, as compared to net recoveries of $3.6 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2024. Credit loss provisions (releases) are recorded with the objective of aligning our allowance for credit loss balances with our current estimates of loss in the portfolio. As delinquencies in the portfolio have been resolved

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through pay-off, short sale or foreclosure, or management determines the collateral is not sufficient to satisfy the loan balance, uncollected balances have been charged against the allowance for credit losses previously provided. Refer to the Lending Activities section of the Overview and Note 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCES FOR CREDIT LOSSES of the NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for further discussion.

Non-Interest Income. Non-interest income increased $2.3 million, or 12.6%, to $20.6 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $18.3 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in non-interest income was primarily due to a $1.4 million increase in the net gain on sale of loans and a $1.2 million increase in loan fees and service charges. There were loan sales of $210.6 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, compared to loan sales of $190.7 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2024.

Non-Interest Expense. Non-interest expense decreased $1.1 million, or 0.7%, to $152.2 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, compared to $153.3 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2024. This decrease was driven by a $1.6 million decrease in other operating expenses, a $0.3 million decrease in marketing expenses and a $0.2 million decrease in federal insurance premiums, partially offset by a $0.4 million increase in salaries and employee benefits. The decrease in other operating expenses was primarily due to a $1.3 million benefit related to actuarial calculations on the defined benefit plan.

Income Tax Expense. The provision for income taxes increased $1.4 million to $17.3 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, from $15.9 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2024, reflecting the higher level of pre-tax income during the more recent period. The provision for the current nine months included $15.7 million of federal income tax provision and $1.6 million of state income tax provision. The provision for the nine months ended June 30, 2024, included $14.5 million of federal income tax provision and $1.4 million of state income tax provision. Our effective federal tax rate was 19.5% during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, and 19.1% during the nine months ended June 30, 2024.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity is the ability to meet current and future financial obligations of a short-term nature. Our primary sources of funds consist of deposit inflows, loan repayments, advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati, borrowings from the FRB-Cleveland Discount Window, overnight Fed Funds through various arrangements with other institutions, proceeds from brokered CD transactions, principal repayments and maturities of securities, and sales of loans.

In addition to the primary sources of funds described above, we have the ability to obtain funds through the use of collateralized borrowings in the wholesale markets, and from sales of securities. Also, debt issuance by the Company and access to the equity capital markets via a supplemental minority stock offering or a full conversion (second-step) transaction remain as other potential sources of liquidity, although these channels generally require meaningful lead times.

While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and mortgage prepayments are greatly influenced by interest rates, economic conditions and competition. The Association’s Asset/Liability Management Committee is responsible for establishing and monitoring our liquidity targets and strategies in order to ensure that sufficient liquidity exists for meeting the borrowing needs and deposit withdrawals of our customers, as well as unanticipated contingencies. We generally seek to maintain a minimum liquidity ratio of 5% (which we compute as the sum of the average cash and cash equivalents plus unencumbered investment securities for which ready markets exist, divided by total average interest-earning assets). For the three months ended June 30, 2025, our liquidity ratio averaged 5.50%. We had sufficient sources of liquidity to satisfy our short- and long-term liquidity needs as of June 30, 2025.

We regularly adjust our investments in liquid assets based upon our assessment of expected loan demand, expected deposit flows, yields available on interest-earning deposits and securities, scheduled liability maturities and the objectives of our asset/liability management program. Excess liquidity is generally invested in interest-earning deposits and short- and intermediate-term securities.

Our most liquid assets are cash and cash equivalents. The levels of these assets are dependent upon our operating, financing, lending and investing activities during any given period. At June 30, 2025, cash and cash equivalents totaled $452.6 million, which represented a decrease of 2.4% from $463.7 million at September 30, 2024.

Investment securities classified as available-for-sale, all of which are government guaranteed, provide additional sources of liquidity, totaled $525.2 million at June 30, 2025.

During the nine-month period ended June 30, 2025, we settled $192.2 million of loan sales and had commitments to sell $73.3 million of mortgage loans primarily to Fannie Mae at June 30, 2025.

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Our cash flows are derived from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities as reported in our CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS.

At June 30, 2025, we had $426.4 million in outstanding commitments to originate loans. In addition to commitments to originate loans, we had $5.52 billion in unfunded home equity lines of credit to borrowers. CDs due within one year of June 30, 2025, totaled $5.54 billion, or 53.6% of total deposits. If these deposits do not remain with us, we will be required to seek other sources of funds, including loan sales, sales of investment securities, other deposit products, including new CDs, brokered CDs, FHLB advances, borrowings from the FRB-Cleveland Discount Window or other collateralized borrowings. Depending on market conditions, we may be required to pay higher rates on such deposits or other borrowings than we currently pay on the CDs due on or before June 30, 2026. We believe, however, based on past experience, that a significant portion of such deposits will remain with us. Generally, we have the ability to attract and retain deposits by adjusting the interest rates offered.

Our primary investing activities are originating residential mortgage loans, home equity loans and lines of credit and purchasing investment securities. During the nine months ended June 30, 2025, we originated $760.2 million of residential mortgage loans and $1.87 billion of commitments for home equity loans and lines of credit, while during the nine months ended June 30, 2024, we originated $598.7 million of residential mortgage loans and $1.62 billion of commitments for home equity loans and lines of credit. We purchased $141.7 million of securities during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, and $121.1 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2024. Also, during the nine months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, we acquired $282.5 million and $121.0 million of long-term, residential mortgage loans, respectively.

Financing activities consist primarily of changes in deposit accounts, changes in the balances of principal and interest owed on loans serviced for others, FHLB advances, including any collateral requirements related to interest rate swap agreements and borrowings from the FRB-Cleveland Discount Window. We experienced a net increase in total deposits of $146.4 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, which reflected the active management of the offered rates on maturing CDs, compared to a net increase of $576.2 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2024. Deposit flows are affected by the overall level of interest rates, the interest rates and products offered by us and our local competitors, and by other factors. During the nine months ended June 30, 2025, there was a $239.8 million decrease in the balance of brokered CDs (exclusive of acquisition costs and subsequent amortization), which had a balance of $977.5 million at June 30, 2025. At June 30, 2024, the balance of brokered CDs was $1.22 billion. Principal and interest owed on loans serviced for others experienced a net increase of $1.5 million to $30.2 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2025, compared to a net decrease of $12.9 million to $16.9 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2024. During the nine months ended June 30, 2025, we increased our total borrowings by $90.1 million primarily to fund loan growth. During the nine months ended June 30, 2024, our total borrowings decreased by $444.3 million.

Liquidity management is both a daily and long-term function of business management. If we require funds beyond our ability to generate them internally, borrowing agreements exist with the FHLB of Cincinnati and the FRB-Cleveland Discount Window, and arrangements with other institutions to purchase overnight Fed Funds, each of which provides an additional source of funds. The FHLB of Cincinnati approved the Association's allowable borrowing limit of 45% of total assets, as long as the Association maintains compliance with certain credit and regulatory criteria and meets collateral requirements. In an effort to manage our available borrowing capacity with the FHLB, the Company has replaced a portion of its 90-day FHLB advances with like-term brokered deposits.

At June 30, 2025, we had $4.87 billion of FHLB of Cincinnati advances, no outstanding borrowings from the FRB-Cleveland Discount Window and no outstanding borrowings in the form of Fed Funds. During the nine months ended June 30, 2025, we had average outstanding advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati of $4.60 billion, as compared to average outstanding advances of $5.05 billion during the nine months ended June 30, 2024. Refer to the Extending the Duration of Funding Sources section of the Overview for further discussion.

The Association and the Company are subject to various regulatory capital requirements, including a risk-based capital measure. The Basel III capital framework ("Basel III Rules") includes both a revised definition of capital and guidelines for calculating risk-weighted assets by assigning balance sheet assets and off-balance sheet items to broad risk categories.

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In 2019, a final rule adopted by the federal banking agencies provided banking organizations with the option to phase in, over a three-year period, the adverse day-one regulatory capital effects of the adoption of the CECL accounting standard. In 2020, as part of its response to the impact of COVID-19, U.S. federal banking regulatory agencies issued a final rule which provides banking organizations that implement CECL during the 2020 calendar year the option to delay for two years an estimate of CECL’s effect on regulatory capital, relative to the incurred loss methodology’s effect on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period, which the Association and Company have adopted. During the two-year delay, the Association and Company added back to CET1 100% of the initial adoption impact of CECL, plus 25% of the cumulative quarterly changes in the allowance for credit losses. After two years, the quarterly transitional amounts, along with the initial adoption impact of CECL, are deemed to be fixed and will be phased out of CET1 capital over the three-year period ending September 30, 2025.

The Association is subject to the "capital conservation buffer" requirement level of 2.5%. The requirement limits capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a "capital conservation buffer" in addition to the standard minimum capital requirements. At June 30, 2025, the Association exceeded the regulatory requirement for the "capital conservation buffer".

As of June 30, 2025, the Association exceeded all regulatory requirements to be considered “Well Capitalized” as presented in the table below (dollar amounts in thousands). Capital remains a source of financial strength for the Association and the Company. Preserving capital to levels in excess of regulatory minimums is a priority for the Association and the Company, especially given the uncertainty and pressures of the current economic environment. The Association intends to maintain minimum capital ratios to exceed total capital to risk-weighted assets of 13.0%, tier 1 (leverage) capital to net average assets of 9.0%, and tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of 11.0%.

	Actual				Well Capitalized Levels
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets	$	1,824,752	17.37	%	$	1,050,369	10.00	%
Tier 1 (Leverage) Capital to Net Average Assets	1,734,345		10.10	%	858,172		5.00	%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets	1,734,345		16.51	%	840,295		8.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets	1,734,345		16.51	%	682,740		6.50	%

The capital ratios of the Company as of June 30, 2025, are presented in the table below (dollar amounts in thousands).

	Actual
	Amount		Ratio
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets	$	1,955,245	18.61	%
Tier 1 (Leverage) Capital to Net Average Assets	1,864,838		10.86	%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets	1,864,838		17.75	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets	1,864,838		17.75	%

In addition to the operational liquidity considerations described above, which are primarily those of the Association, the Company, as a separate legal entity, also monitors and manages its own parent company-only liquidity, which provides the source of funds necessary to support all of the parent company's stand-alone operations, including its capital distribution strategies which encompass its share repurchase and dividend payment programs. The Company's primary source of liquidity is dividends received from the Association. The amount of dividends that the Association may declare and pay to the Company in any calendar year, without the receipt of prior approval from the OCC but with prior notice to the FRB-Cleveland, cannot exceed net income for the current calendar year-to-date period plus retained net income (as defined) for the preceding two calendar years, reduced by prior dividend payments made during those periods. In December 2024, the Company received a $40 million cash dividend from the Association. Because of its intercompany nature, this dividend payment had no impact on the Company's capital ratios or its CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION but reduced the Association's reported capital ratios. At June 30, 2025, the Company had, in the form of cash and a demand loan from the Association, $129.2 million of funds readily available to support its stand-alone operations.

The payment of dividends, support of asset growth and strategic stock repurchases are planned to continue in the future as the focus for future capital deployment activities. See Part II Other Information Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds for details on stock repurchase programs, dividends paid and dividend waivers.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

General. The Company's most significant form of market risk has historically been interest rate risk. In general, our assets, consisting primarily of mortgage loans, have longer maturities than our liabilities, consisting primarily of deposits and advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati. As a result, a fundamental component of our business strategy is to manage interest rate risk and limit the exposure of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates. Accordingly, our Board of Directors has established risk parameter limits deemed appropriate given our business strategy, operating environment, capital, liquidity and performance objectives. Additionally, our Board of Directors has authorized the formation of an Asset/Liability Management Committee comprised of key operating personnel, which is responsible for managing this risk in a matter that is consistent with the tolerance limits approved by the Board of Directors. Further, the Board has established the Directors Risk Committee, which, among other responsibilities, conducts regular oversight and review of the guidelines, policies and deliberations of the Asset/Liability Management Committee. We manage our interest rate risk in order to control the exposure of our earnings and capital to changes in interest rates. Refer to the Overview section of Item 2 for additional discussion on how we manage interest rate risk.

Economic Value of Equity. Using customized modeling software, the Company and Association prepare periodic estimates of the amounts by which the net present value of cash flows from assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items (the institution's EVE) would change in the event of a range of assumed changes in market interest rates. The simulation model uses a discounted cash flow analysis and an option-based pricing approach in measuring the interest rate sensitivity of EVE. The model estimates the economic value of each type of asset, liability, and off-balance sheet contract under the assumption that instantaneous changes (measured in basis points) occur at all maturities along the United States Treasury yield curve and other relevant market interest rates. A basis point equals one, one-hundredth of one percent, and 100 basis points equals one percent. The model is tailored specifically to our organization, which we believe improves its predictive accuracy. Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions, including relative levels of market interest rates, loan prepayments and deposit decay, and should not be relied upon as indicative of actual results.

The manner in which actual yields, costs and consumer behavior respond to changes in market interest rates may vary from the inherent methodologies used to measure interest rate risk through changes in EVE. In this regard, our EVE estimates assume:

•no new growth or business volumes;

•that the composition of our interest-sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the beginning of a period remains constant over the period being measured, except for reductions to reflect mortgage loan principal repayments along with modeled prepayments and defaults, and deposit decays; and

•that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration or repricing of specific assets and liabilities.

Our simulation model possesses random patterning capabilities and accommodates extensive regression analytics applicable to the prepayment and decay profiles of our borrower and depositor portfolios. The model facilitates the generation of alternative modeling scenarios and provides us with timely decision making data that is integral to our IRR management processes. Modeling our IRR profile and measuring our IRR exposure are processes that are subject to continuous revision, refinement, modification, enhancement, back testing and validation. We continually evaluate, challenge and update the methodology and assumptions used in our IRR model, including behavioral equations that have been derived based on third-party studies of our customers' historical performance patterns. Changes to the methodology and/or assumptions used in the model will result in reported IRR profiles and reported IRR exposures that will be different, and perhaps significantly, from the results reported below.

Net Interest Income. In addition to EVE calculations, we use our simulation model to analyze the sensitivity of our net interest income to changes in interest rates (the institution’s NII). Net interest income is the difference between the interest income that we earn on our interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and the interest that we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. In our model, we estimate what our net interest income would be for prospective 12 and 24 month periods using customized (based on our portfolio characteristics) assumptions with respect to loan prepayment rates, default rates and deposit decay rates. We then calculate what the estimated net interest income would be for the same period under numerous interest rate scenarios. The simulation process is subject to continual enhancement, modification, refinement and adaptation. The Company and Association use a "shocked" assumption in preparing the NII sensitivity simulation estimates for us in its public disclosure. The "shocked" assumption calculates NII sensitivity in the event that the market interest rates used in the simulation were instantly adjusted.

The manner in which actual yields, costs and consumer behavior respond to changes in market interest rates may vary from the inherent methodologies used to measure interest rate risk through NII. In this regard, the interest rate risk information presented below assumes that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the

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duration or repricing of specific assets and liabilities. Accordingly, although interest rate risk calculations provide an indication of our interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time, such measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on our net interest income and will differ from actual results. In addition to the preparation of computations as described above, we also formulate simulations based on a variety of non-linear changes in interest rates and a variety of non-constant balance sheet composition scenarios.

Other Considerations. The EVE and NII sensitivity analyses are similar in that they both start with the same month-end balance sheet amounts, weighted average coupon and maturity. The underlying prepayment, decay and default assumptions are also the same and they both start with the same month-end "markets" (Treasury and FHLB yield curves, etc.). From that similar starting point, the models follow divergent paths. EVE is a stochastic model using 150 different interest rate paths to compute market value at the account level for each of the categories on the balance sheet whereas NII uses the month-end curve to compute interest income/expense at the account level for each of the categories on the balance sheet.

EVE is considered as a point in time calculation with a "liquidation" view of the Company and Association where all the cash flows (including interest, principal and prepayments) are modeled and discounted using discount factors derived from the current market yield curves. It provides a long-term view and helps to define changes in equity and duration as a result of changes in interest rates. On the other hand, NII is based on flat balance sheet projections going one year and two years forward and assumes static volume and pricing to calculate net interest income under different interest rate environments. NII sensitivity is calculated to determine the sensitivity of net interest income under different interest rate scenarios. With each of these models, specific policy limits have been established for the Association that are compared with the actual month-end results. These limits are regularly approved by the Association's Board of Directors and are used as benchmarks to evaluate and moderate interest rate risk. In the event that there is a breach of policy limits that extends beyond two consecutive quarter-end measurement periods, management is responsible for taking such action, similar to those described under the preceding heading of General, as may be necessary in order to return the Association's interest rate risk profile to a position that is in compliance with the policy.

The following table presents the estimated changes in the Company’s and Association's EVE and NII at June 30, 2025, that would result from the indicated changes in the United States Treasury yield curve and other relevant market interest rates.

TFS Financial Corporation
Change in Interest Rates (basis points)	Estimated EVE (1)				Estimated NII (2)
	Amount		Percentage Change		Amount		Percentage Change
	(Dollars in thousands)
+200	$	1,098,262	(25.68)	%	$	372,089	9.40	%
+100	1,300,981		(11.96)	%	356,656		4.86	%
0	1,477,771		—	%	340,127		—	%
-100	1,590,301		7.61	%	317,343		(6.70)	%
-200	1,635,863		10.70	%	289,144		(14.99)	%

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Third Federal Savings and Loan Association
Change in Interest Rates (basis points)	Estimated EVE (1)				Estimated NII (2)
	Amount		Percentage Change		Amount		Percentage Change
	(Dollars in Thousands)
+200	$	931,628	(28.93)	%	$	361,047	8.71	%
+100	1,134,174		(13.47)	%	347,145		4.52	%
0	1,310,789		—	%	332,124		—	%
-100	1,423,140		8.57	%	310,840		(6.41)	%
-200	1,468,521		12.03	%	284,134		(14.45)	%

(1)EVE is the discounted present value of expected cash flows from assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet contracts. Estimated EVE assumes an instantaneous uniform change in interest rates at all maturities.

(2)Estimated NII is calculated for the prospective 12 months ending September 30, 2025, in the event that market interest rates used in the simulation were adjusted instantaneously (termed a "shocked" format) during the 12 month measurement period to an aggregate increase as indicated in the Change in Interest Rates column.

The tables above indicate that at June 30, 2025, in the event of an increase of 200 basis points in all interest rates, the Company and Association would experience a 25.68% and 28.93% decrease in EVE, respectively. In the event of a 200 basis point decrease in interest rates, the Company and Association would experience an 10.70% and 12.03% increase in EVE, respectively.

The following tables are based on the calculations contained in the previous tables, and set forth the change in the EVE at a +200 basis point rate of shock at June 30, 2025, with comparative information as of September 30, 2024. By regulation, the Association must measure and manage its interest rate risk for interest rate shocks relative to established risk tolerances in EVE.

TFS Financial Corporation
Risk Measure (+200 Basis Points Rate Shock)	At June 30, 2025			At September 30, 2024
Pre-Shock EVE	$	1,477,771		$	1,313,560
Post-Shock EVE	$	1,098,262		$	1,001,779
Amount Change in EVE	$	(379,509)		$	(311,781)
Percentage Change in EVE	(25.68)		%	(23.74)		%

Third Federal Savings and Loan Association
Risk Measure (+200 Basis Points Rate Shock)	At June 30, 2025			At September 30, 2024
Pre-Shock EVE	$	1,310,789		$	1,143,608
Post-Shock EVE	$	931,628		$	832,140
Amount Change in EVE	$	(379,161)		$	(311,468)
Percentage Change in EVE	(28.93)		%	(27.24)		%

Accordingly, although the EVE presented in the tables above provides an indication of our interest rate risk exposure as of the indicated dates, such measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on our EVE and will differ from actual results. In addition to our core business activities, which seek to originate Smart Rate (adjustable) loans, home equity lines of credit (adjustable) and 10-year fixed-rate loans funded by borrowings from the FHLB and intermediate term CDs (including brokered CDs), and which are intended to have a favorable impact on our IRR profile, the impact of several other items and events resulted in an improvement in the Pre-Shock EVE (base valuation) of 12.50% and 14.62% at June 30, 2025, when compared to the measures at September 30, 2024, for the Company and Association, respectively. Factors contributing to the Association's improvement included decrease in market interest rates, capital actions by the Association, and changes due to business activity. While our core business activities, as described at the beginning of this paragraph, are generally intended to have a positive impact on our IRR profile, the actual impact is determined by a number of factors, including the pace of mortgage asset additions (reductions) to our balance sheet (including consideration of outstanding commitments to originate those assets), in comparison to the pace of the addition (reduction) of duration extending funding sources.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision of and with the participation of the Company’s management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based upon that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the most recently completed fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II — Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management as of June 30, 2025, the resolution of these legal actions is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, there have been no material changes to the risk factors as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, filed with the SEC on November 21, 2024.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(a)Not applicable

(b)Not applicable

(c)The following table summarizes our stock repurchase activity during the quarter ended June 30, 2025.

	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as art of Publicly Announced Plans (1)	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans
Period
April 1, 2025 through April 30, 2025	—	$	—	—	5,191,951
May 1, 2025 through May 31, 2025	—	—		—	5,191,951
June 1, 2025 through June 30, 2025	57,500	12.87		57,500	5,134,451
	57,500	$	12.87	57,500

(1)On October 27, 2016, the Company announced that the Board of Directors approved the Company’s eighth stock repurchase program, which authorized the repurchase of up to 10,000,000 shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock, and repurchases began on January 6, 2017. Purchases under the program will be on an ongoing basis and subject to the availability of stock, general market conditions, the trading price of the stock, alternative uses of capital, and our financial performance. Repurchased shares will be held as treasury stock and be available for general corporate use. At June 30, 2025, 5,134,451 shares of outstanding common stock remain to be repurchased. This program has no expiration date.

At the July 8, 2025, special meeting of members of Third Federal Savings, MHC (the “MHC”), the mutual holding company of TFS Financial Corporation (the “Company”), the members of the MHC (depositors and certain loan customers of Third Federal Savings and Loan Association of Cleveland) voted to approve the MHC’s proposed waiver of dividends, aggregating up to $1.13 per share, to be declared on the Company’s common stock during the twelve months subsequent to the members’ approval (i.e., through July 8, 2026). The members approved the waiver by casting 59% of the total eligible votes. Of the votes cast, 97% were in favor of the proposal. The MHC is the 81% majority shareholder of the Company.

Following the receipt of the members’ approval at the July 8, 2025 special meeting, the MHC filed a notice with,

and subsequently received the non-objection from, the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland for the proposed dividend waiver.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

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Item 5. Other Information

Securities Trading Plans of Directors and Executive Officers

Transactions in our securities by our directors and executive officers are required to be made in accordance with our Insider Trading Policy and Guidelines with Respect to Certain Transactions in Company Securities, which, among other things, require that the transaction be in accordance with applicable U.S. federal securities laws that prohibit trading while in the possession of material nonpublic information. Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 provides an affirmative defense that enables prearranged transactions in securities in a manner that avoids concerns about initiating transactions at a future date while possibly in possession of material nonpublic information.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, the following trading plans, intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule

10b5-1, were terminated by a director or officer of the Company. No trading plans were adopted during the quarter ended June 30, 2025.

Name	Title	Date Plan Adopted/Terminated (1)	Duration of Plan		Number of Shares of Company's Common Stock to be Purchased, Exercised, or Sold (2)
Meredith S. Weil	Chief Financial Officer	Terminated May 28, 2025	December 13, 2023 through May 28, 2025	532	Exercise up to 140,700 stock options
Cathy W. Zbanek	Chief Synergy Officer	Terminated May 28, 2025	February 2, 2024 through May 28, 2025	481	Exercise up to 140,700 stock options

(1) Trading Plans may terminate on an earlier date if all contemplated transactions are completed, upon termination by broker or holder of the Trading Plan, or as otherwise provided in the Trading Plan.

(2) Subject to certain conditions set forth in the Trading Plan.

Item 6. Exhibits

31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101	The following unaudited financial statements from TFS Financial Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, filed on August 7, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) includes: (i) Consolidated Statements of Condition, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (vi) Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

101.INS	Interactive datafile	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	Interactive datafile	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Interactive datafile	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Interactive datafile	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Interactive datafile	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	Interactive datafile	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Interactive datafile	Cover Page Interactive Datafile (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		TFS Financial Corporation
Dated:	August 7, 2025	/s/    Marc A. Stefanski
		Marc A. Stefanski
		Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
Dated:	August 7, 2025	/s/    Meredith S. Weil
		Meredith S. Weil
		Chief Financial Officer

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