UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 ______________________________________

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission file number: 000-55029

 ________________________________________

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New York			13-5581829
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
200 Park Avenue,	New York,	NY	10166-0188
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip Code)

(212) 578-9500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
None	N/A	N/A

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes ☑    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes ☑   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☑	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes ☐    No ☑

At November 6, 2024, 494,466,664 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding, all of which were owned directly by MetLife, Inc.

REDUCED DISCLOSURE FORMAT

The registrant meets the conditions set forth in General Instruction H(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-Q and is, therefore, filing this Form 10-Q with the reduced disclosure format.

Table of Contents

		Page
Part I — Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited) (at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and for the Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023)
	Interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	4
	Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)	5
	Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity	6
	Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
	Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:
	Note 1 — Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	8
	Note 2 — Segment Information	11
	Note 3 — Future Policy Benefits	16
	Note 4 — Policyholder Account Balances	23
	Note 5 — Market Risk Benefits	28
	Note 6 — Separate Accounts	31
	Note 7 — Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Value of Business Acquired and Unearned Revenue	34
	Note 8 — Closed Block	36
	Note 9 — Investments	38
	Note 10 — Derivatives	53
	Note 11 — Fair Value	64
	Note 12 — Equity	79
	Note 13 — Other Revenues and Other Expenses	82
	Note 14 — Income Tax	83
	Note 15 — Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees	83
	Note 16 — Related Party Transactions	87
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	90
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	100
Part II — Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	100
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	100
Item 5.	Other Information	100
Item 6.	Exhibits	101
Signatures		102

As used in this Form 10-Q, “MLIC,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, a New York corporation incorporated in 1868, and its subsidiaries. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of MetLife, Inc. (MetLife, Inc., together with its subsidiaries and affiliates, “MetLife”).

Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q, including Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, may contain or incorporate by reference information that includes or is based upon forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements give expectations or forecasts of future events and do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. They use words and terms such as “anticipate,” “are confident,” “assume,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “if,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” and other words and terms of similar meaning or that are otherwise tied to future periods or future performance, in each case in all derivative forms. They include statements relating to future actions, prospective services or products, future performance or results of current and anticipated services or products, future sales efforts, future expenses, the outcome of contingencies such as legal proceedings, and future trends in operations and financial results.

Many factors determine Company results, and they involve unpredictable risks and uncertainties. Our forward-looking statements depend on our assumptions, our expectations, and our understanding of the economic environment, but they may be inaccurate and may change. We do not guarantee any future performance. Our results could differ materially from those we express or imply in forward-looking statements. The risks, uncertainties and other factors identified in Metropolitan Life Insurance Company’s filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, and others, may cause such differences. These factors include:

(1) economic condition difficulties, including risks relating to interest rates, credit spreads, declining equity or debt markets, real estate, obligors and counterparties, government default, derivatives, climate change and public health;

(2) global capital and credit market adversity;

(3) credit facility inaccessibility;

(4) financial strength or credit ratings downgrades;

(5) unavailability, unaffordability, or inadequate reinsurance, including reinsurance risks that arise from reinsurers’ credit risk, and the potential shortfall or failure of risk mitigants to protect against such risks;

(6) statutory life insurance reserve financing costs or limited market capacity;

(7) legal, regulatory, and supervisory and enforcement policy changes;

(8) changes in tax rates, tax laws or interpretations;

(9) litigation and regulatory investigations;

(10) unsuccessful efforts to meet all environmental, social, and governance standards or to enhance our sustainability;

(11) investment defaults, downgrades, or volatility;

(12) investment sales or lending difficulties;

(13) collateral or derivative-related payments;

(14) investment valuations, allowances, or impairments changes;

(15) claims or other results that differ from our estimates, assumptions, or models;

(16) business competition;

(17) catastrophes;

(18) climate changes or responses to it;

(19) deficiencies in our closed block;

(20) impairment of value of business acquired, value of distribution agreements acquired or value of customer relationships acquired;

(21) product guarantee volatility, costs, and counterparty risks;

2

(22) risk management failures;

(23) insufficient protection from operational risks;

(24) failure to protect confidentiality and integrity of data or other cybersecurity or disaster recovery failures;

(25) accounting standards changes;

(26) excessive risk-taking; and

(27) marketing and distribution difficulties.

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company does not undertake any obligation to publicly correct or update any forward-looking statement if Metropolitan Life Insurance Company later becomes aware that such statement is not likely to be achieved. Please consult any further disclosures Metropolitan Life Insurance Company makes on related subjects in subsequent reports to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Note Regarding Reliance on Statements in Our Contracts

See “Exhibits — Note Regarding Reliance on Statements in Our Contracts” for information regarding agreements included as exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Part I — Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (Unaudited)

(In millions, except share and per share data)

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Assets
Investments:
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair value (net of allowance for credit loss of $113 and $132, respectively); and amortized cost: $153,264 and $152,080, respectively	$	146,653	$	142,805
Mortgage loans (net of allowance for credit loss of $540 and $509, respectively; includes $196 and $166, respectively, relating to variable interest entities)	60,988		62,584
Policy loans	5,783		5,671
Real estate and real estate joint ventures (includes $1,772 and $1,427, respectively, relating to variable interest entities, $380 and $317, respectively, under the fair value option)	8,981		8,690
Other limited partnership interests	7,086		7,765
Short-term investments, at estimated fair value	2,370		3,048
Other invested assets (includes $759 and $805, respectively, of leveraged and direct financing leases; $112 and $117, respectively, relating to variable interest entities)	16,911		17,040
Total investments	248,772		247,603
Cash and cash equivalents, principally at estimated fair value (includes $31 and $0, respectively, relating to variable interest entities)	6,639		6,795
Accrued investment income	2,108		2,026
Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables	28,713		28,236
Market risk benefits, at estimated fair value	192		177
Deferred policy acquisition costs and value of business acquired	3,184		3,305
Current income tax recoverable	157		112
Deferred income tax asset	2,680		2,922
Other assets	4,312		4,312
Separate account assets	82,610		83,197
Total assets	$	379,367	$	378,685
Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities
Future policy benefits	$	129,529	$	129,182
Policyholder account balances	104,330		103,894
Market risk benefits, at estimated fair value	2,847		2,878
Other policy-related balances	8,624		8,289
Policyholder dividends payable	236		233
Payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions	11,242		11,790
Long-term debt	1,648		1,887
Other liabilities	23,625		23,719
Separate account liabilities	82,610		83,197
Total liabilities	364,691		365,069
Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees (Note 15)
Equity
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company stockholder’s equity:
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 494,466,664 shares issued and outstanding	5		5
Additional paid-in capital	12,475		12,475
Retained earnings	6,572		7,645
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(4,875)		(6,872)
Total Metropolitan Life Insurance Company stockholder’s equity	14,177		13,253
Noncontrolling interests	499		363
Total equity	14,676		13,616
Total liabilities and equity	$	379,367	$	378,685

See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited)

(In millions)

	Three Months   Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenues
Premiums	$	6,213	$	5,766	$	19,793	$	17,568
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees	369		443		1,109		1,295
Net investment income	2,920		2,864		8,680		8,422
Other revenues	445		407		1,347		1,241
Net investment gains (losses)	(181)		(462)		(423)		(1,223)
Net derivative gains (losses)	(382)		306		(378)		(486)
Total revenues	9,384		9,324		30,128		26,817
Expenses
Policyholder benefits and claims	6,534		6,088		20,749		18,747
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gains) losses	(164)		(106)		(148)		(146)
Market risk benefit remeasurement (gains) losses	482		(703)		(234)		(1,129)
Interest credited to policyholder account balances	983		938		2,863		2,662
Policyholder dividends	115		114		342		353
Other expenses	1,490		1,303		4,284		4,247
Total expenses	9,440		7,634		27,856		24,734
Income (loss) before provision for income tax	(56)		1,690		2,272		2,083
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)	(47)		311		395		285
Net income (loss)	(9)		1,379		1,877		1,798
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(4)		—		(7)		41
Net income (loss) attributable to Metropolitan Life Insurance Company	$	(5)	$	1,379	$	1,884	$	1,757
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	1,524	$	(80)	$	3,874	$	1,237
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests, net of income tax	(4)		—		(7)		42
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Metropolitan Life Insurance Company	$	1,528	$	(80)	$	3,881	$	1,195

See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited)

(In millions)

	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Stockholder’s Equity		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	5	$	12,475	$	7,645	$	(6,872)	$	13,253	$	363	$	13,616
Cumulative effects of changes in accounting principles, net of income tax					(219)				(219)				(219)
Dividends to MetLife, Inc.					(2,000)				(2,000)				(2,000)
Change in equity of noncontrolling interests									—		132		132
Net income (loss)					1,889				1,889		(3)		1,886
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax							464		464				464
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	5	$	12,475	$	7,315	$	(6,408)	$	13,387	$	492	$	13,879
Dividends to MetLife, Inc.					(738)				(738)				(738)
Change in equity of noncontrolling interests									—		11		11
Net income (loss)					(5)				(5)		(4)		(9)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax							1,533		1,533				1,533
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	5	$	12,475	$	6,572	$	(4,875)	$	14,177	$	499	$	14,676

	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Stockholder’s Equity		Noncontrolling Interests		Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	5	$	12,476	$	9,022	$	(8,320)	$	13,183	$	212	$	13,395
Returns of capital			(1)						(1)				(1)
Dividends to MetLife, Inc.					(1,026)				(1,026)				(1,026)
Change in equity of noncontrolling interests									—		(86)		(86)
Net income (loss)					378				378		41		419
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax							897		897		1		898
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	5	$	12,475	$	8,374	$	(7,423)	$	13,431	$	168	$	13,599
Dividends to MetLife, Inc.					(600)				(600)				(600)
Change in equity of noncontrolling interests									—		4		4
Net income (loss)					1,379				1,379		—		1,379
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax							(1,459)		(1,459)				(1,459)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	5	$	12,475	$	9,153	$	(8,882)	$	12,751	$	172	$	12,923

See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited)

(In millions)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	3,819	$	2,881
Cash flows from investing activities
Sales, maturities and repayments of:
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	22,419		23,669
Equity securities	60		122
Mortgage loans	5,056		4,648
Real estate and real estate joint ventures	452		37
Other limited partnership interests	444		377
Short-term investments	4,504		5,025
Purchases and originations of:
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	(22,620)		(22,778)
Equity securities	(34)		(57)
Mortgage loans	(3,709)		(5,036)
Real estate and real estate joint ventures	(552)		(637)
Other limited partnership interests	(350)		(553)
Short-term investments	(3,800)		(6,030)
Cash received in connection with freestanding derivatives	507		720
Cash paid in connection with freestanding derivatives	(1,165)		(1,997)
Receipts on loans to affiliates	—		100
Net change in policy loans	(112)		53
Net change in other invested assets	363		(117)
Other, net	5		20
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	1,468		(2,434)
Cash flows from financing activities
Policyholder account balances - deposits	55,369		55,206
Policyholder account balances - withdrawals	(57,417)		(57,290)
Net change in payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions	(548)		(2,024)
Long-term debt issued	—		210
Long-term debt repaid	(150)		—
Derivatives with certain financing elements and other derivative-related transactions, net	(49)		(76)
Dividends paid to MetLife, Inc.	(2,738)		(1,626)
Other, net	91		(92)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(5,442)		(5,692)
Effect of change in foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents balances	(1)		—
Change in cash and cash equivalents	(156)		(5,245)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	6,795		9,405
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	6,639	$	4,160
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Net cash paid (received) for:
Interest	$	75	$	79
Income tax	$	493	$	423
Non-cash transactions:
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale received in connection with pension risk transfer transactions	$	876	$	—
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale received from an affiliate	$	—	$	502
Real estate and real estate joint ventures acquired in satisfaction of debt	$	298	$	13
Other invested assets received in connection with the sale of other limited partnership interests	$	299	$	—
Policyholder account balances received in connection with affiliated reinsurance transactions	$	—	$	502

    

See accompanying notes to the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Business

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and its subsidiaries (collectively, “MLIC” or the “Company”) is a provider of insurance, annuities, employee benefits and asset management and is organized into three segments: Group Benefits, Retirement and Income Solutions (“RIS”), and MetLife Holdings. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of MetLife, Inc. (MetLife, Inc., together with its subsidiaries and affiliates, “MetLife”).

Basis of Presentation

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to adopt accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported on the interim condensed consolidated financial statements. In applying these policies and estimates, management makes subjective and complex judgments that frequently require assumptions about matters that are inherently uncertain. Many of these policies, estimates and related judgments are common in the insurance and financial services industries; others are specific to the Company’s business and operations. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and reflect all adjustments (including normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented in conformity with GAAP. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of full year performance. The December 31, 2023 consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited consolidated financial statements included in Metropolitan Life Insurance Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Annual Report”), which include all disclosures required by GAAP. Therefore, these interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of the Company included in the 2023 Annual Report.

Consolidation

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and its subsidiaries, as well as partnerships and joint ventures in which the Company has a controlling financial interest, and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

The Company uses the equity method of accounting, unless the fair value option (“FVO”) is applied, for real estate joint ventures and other limited partnership interests (“investee”) when it has more than a minor ownership interest or more than a minor influence over the investee’s operations. The Company generally recognizes its share of the investee’s earnings in net investment income on a three-month lag in instances where the investee’s financial information is not sufficiently timely or when the investee’s reporting period differs from the Company’s reporting period.

Since the Company is a member of a controlled group of affiliated companies, its results may not be indicative of those of a stand-alone entity.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Changes to GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the form of Accounting Standards Updates (each, an “ASU”) to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs. The following tables provide a description of ASUs recently issued by the FASB and the impact of their adoption on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

8

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

The table below describes the impacts of ASUs adopted by the Company.

Standard	Description	Effective Date and Method of Adoption	Impact on Financial Statements
ASU 2023-02, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method	The amendments in this update permit reporting entities to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. In addition, disclosures describing the nature of the investments and related income tax credits and benefits will be required.	January 1, 2024. The Company adopted this update, applying a modified retrospective basis.	The Company has elected to use the proportional amortization method to account for its tax equity investments that meet the required criteria. The adoption of this update resulted in a decrease to retained earnings of $219 million, net of income tax, primarily related to the Company’s tax equity investments reported within other invested assets, as of January 1, 2024.

9

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

1. Business, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Future Adoption of Accounting Pronouncements

ASUs not listed below were assessed and either determined to be not applicable or are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures. ASUs issued but not yet adopted as of September 30, 2024 that are currently being assessed and may or may not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements or disclosures are summarized in the table below.

Standard	Description	Effective Date and Method of Adoption	Impact on Financial Statements
ASU 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses	The key amendments in this update require disclosure in the notes to financial statements around employee compensation costs, depreciation, intangible asset amortization and certain other costs and expenses. Information on selling expenses incurred is also required.	Effective for annual periods beginning January 1, 2027, and interim periods beginning December 1, 2028, to be applied prospectively with an option for retrospective application (with early adoption permitted).	The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures	Among other things, the amendments in this update require that public business entities, on an annual basis: (i) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation; and (ii) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. In addition, the amendments in this update require that all entities disclose on an annual basis the following information about income taxes paid: (i) the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal (national), state, and foreign taxes; and (ii) the amount of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid (net of refunds received) is equal to or greater than five percent of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received).	Effective for annual periods beginning January 1, 2025, to be applied prospectively with an option for retrospective application (with early adoption permitted).	The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the guidance on its annual disclosures to be included in its 2025 consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures	The amendments in this update are intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The key amendments include: (i) disclosures on significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss on an annual and interim basis; (ii) disclosures on an amount for other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition on an annual and interim basis. The other segment items category is the difference between segment revenue less the significant expenses disclosed and each reported measure of segment profit or loss; (iii) providing all annual disclosures on a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets currently required by FASB ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting in interim periods; and (iv) specifying the title and position of the CODM.	Effective for annual periods beginning January 1, 2024 and interim periods beginning January 1, 2025, to be applied on a retrospective basis unless it is impracticable (with early adoption permitted).	The Company will include the applicable enhanced disclosures in its 2024 annual consolidated financial statements.

10

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

2. Segment Information

In the fourth quarter of 2023, MLIC reorganized from two segments into the following three segments to reflect changes in management’s responsibilities: Group Benefits, RIS and MetLife Holdings. The Group Benefits and RIS businesses were previously reported as the U.S. segment. These changes were applied retrospectively and did not have an impact on prior period total consolidated net income (loss) or adjusted earnings. In addition, the Company continues to report certain of its results of operations in Corporate & Other.

Group Benefits

The Group Benefits segment, based in the U.S., offers a broad range of products to corporations and their respective employees, other institutions and their respective members, as well as individuals. These products include term, variable and universal life insurance, dental, group and individual disability and accident & health insurance.

RIS

The RIS segment, based in the U.S., offers a broad range of life and annuity-based insurance and investment products to corporations and their respective employees, other institutions and their respective members, as well as individuals. These products include stable value and pension risk transfer products, institutional income annuities, structured settlements, benefit funding solutions and capital markets investment products.

MetLife Holdings

The MetLife Holdings segment consists of operations relating to products and businesses that the Company no longer actively markets in the U.S. These include variable, universal, term and whole life insurance, variable, fixed and index-linked annuities and long-term care insurance.

Corporate & Other

Corporate & Other contains various start-up, developing and run-off businesses, including the Company’s ancillary non-U.S. operations. Also included in Corporate & Other are: the excess capital, as well as certain charges and activities, not allocated to the segments (including enterprise-wide strategic initiatives), interest expense related to the majority of the Company’s outstanding debt, expenses associated with certain legal proceedings and income tax audit issues, and the elimination of intersegment amounts (which generally relate to intersegment loans bearing interest rates commensurate with related borrowings).

Financial Measures and Segment Accounting Policies

Adjusted earnings is used by management to evaluate performance and allocate resources. Consistent with GAAP guidance for segment reporting, adjusted earnings is also the Company’s GAAP measure of segment performance and is reported below. Adjusted earnings should not be viewed as a substitute for net income (loss). The Company believes the presentation of adjusted earnings, as the Company measures it for management purposes, enhances the understanding of its performance by highlighting the results of operations and the underlying profitability drivers of the business.

Adjusted earnings is defined as adjusted revenues less adjusted expenses, net of income tax.

These financial measures focus on the Company’s primary businesses principally by excluding the impact of (i) market volatility which could distort trends, (ii) asymmetrical and non-economic accounting, and (iii) revenues and costs related to divested businesses, non-core products and certain entities required to be consolidated under GAAP. Also, these measures exclude results of discontinued operations under GAAP.

Market volatility can have a significant impact on the Company’s financial results. Adjusted earnings excludes net investment gains (losses), net derivative gains (losses), market risk benefits (“MRBs”) remeasurement gains (losses) and goodwill impairments. Further, policyholder benefits and claims exclude (i) changes in the discount rate on certain annuitization guarantees accounted for as additional liabilities, and (ii) market value adjustments.

11

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

2. Segment Information (continued)

Asymmetrical and non-economic accounting adjustments are made to the line items indicated in calculating adjusted earnings:

•Net investment income includes earned income on derivatives and amortization of premium on derivatives that are hedges of investments or that are used to replicate certain investments, but do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment.

•Other revenues include settlements of foreign currency earnings hedges and exclude asymmetrical accounting associated with in-force reinsurance.

•Policyholder benefits and claims excludes (i) amortization of basis adjustments associated with de-designated fair value hedges of future policy benefits (“FPBs”), (ii) inflation-indexed benefit adjustments associated with contracts backed by inflation-indexed investments, (iii) asymmetrical accounting associated with in-force reinsurance, and (iv) non-economic losses incurred at contract inception for certain single premium annuity business. These losses are amortized into adjusted earnings within policyholder benefits and claims over the estimated lives of the contracts.

•Interest credited to policyholder account balances (“PABs”) excludes amounts associated with periodic crediting rate adjustments based on the total return of a contractually referenced pool of assets and other pass-through adjustments and asymmetrical accounting associated with in-force reinsurance.

Divested businesses are those that have been or will be sold or exited by MLIC but do not meet the discontinued operations criteria under GAAP. Divested businesses also include the net impact of transactions with exited businesses that have been eliminated in consolidation under GAAP and costs relating to businesses that have been or will be sold or exited by MLIC that do not meet the criteria to be included in results of discontinued operations under GAAP.

Other adjustments are made to the line items indicated in calculating adjusted earnings:

•Net investment income and interest credited to PABs excludes certain amounts related to contractholder-directed equity securities.

•Other revenues include fee revenue on synthetic guaranteed interest contracts (“GICs”) accounted for as freestanding derivatives.

•Other revenues exclude and other expenses include fees received in connection with services provided under transition service agreements.

•Other expenses exclude (i) implementation of new insurance regulatory requirements and other costs, and (ii) acquisition, integration and other related costs. Other expenses include (i) deductions for net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, and (ii) benefits accrued on synthetic GICs accounted for as freestanding derivatives.

Adjusted earnings also excludes the recognition of certain contingent assets and liabilities that could not be recognized at acquisition or adjusted for during the measurement period under GAAP business combination accounting guidance.

The tax impact of the adjustments mentioned above are calculated net of the U.S. or foreign statutory tax rate, which could differ from the Company’s effective tax rate. Additionally, the provision for income tax (expense) benefit also includes the impact related to the timing of certain tax credits, as well as certain tax reforms.

Set forth in the tables below is certain financial information with respect to the Company’s segments, as well as Corporate & Other, for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. The segment accounting policies are the same as those used to prepare the Company’s interim condensed consolidated financial statements, except for adjusted earnings adjustments as defined above. In addition, segment accounting policies include the method of capital allocation described below.

Economic capital is an internally developed risk capital model, the purpose of which is to measure the risk in the business and to provide a basis upon which capital is deployed. The economic capital model accounts for the unique and specific nature of the risks inherent in MetLife’s and the Company’s businesses.

12

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

2. Segment Information (continued)

MetLife’s economic capital model, coupled with considerations of local capital requirements, aligns segment allocated equity with emerging standards and consistent risk principles. The model applies statistics-based risk evaluation principles to the material risks to which the Company is exposed. These consistent risk principles include calibrating required economic capital shock factors to a specific confidence level and time horizon while applying an industry standard method for the inclusion of diversification benefits among risk types. MetLife’s management is responsible for the ongoing production and enhancement of the economic capital model and reviews its approach periodically to ensure that it remains consistent with emerging industry practice standards.

Segment net investment income is credited or charged based on the level of allocated equity; however, changes in allocated equity do not impact the Company’s consolidated net investment income, net income (loss) or adjusted earnings.

Net investment income is based upon the actual results of each segment’s specifically identifiable investment portfolios adjusted for allocated equity. Other costs are allocated to each of the segments based upon: (i) a review of the nature of such costs; (ii) time studies analyzing the amount of employee compensation costs incurred by each segment; and (iii) cost estimates included in the Company’s product pricing.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024	Group Benefits		RIS		MetLife Holdings		Corporate & Other		Total		Adjustments		Total Consolidated
	(In millions)
Revenues
Premiums	$	5,294	$	354	$	568	$	(3)	$	6,213	$	—	$	6,213
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees	231		57		74		7		369		—		369
Net investment income	300		1,664		891		88		2,943		(23)		2,920
Other revenues	184		77		39		119		419		26		445
Net investment gains (losses)	—		—		—		—		—		(181)		(181)
Net derivative gains (losses)	—		—		—		—		—		(382)		(382)
Total revenues	6,009		2,152		1,572		211		9,944		(560)		9,384
Expenses
Policyholder benefits and claims and policyholder dividends	4,626		1,000		1,038		—		6,664		(15)		6,649
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gains) losses	—		(138)		(26)		—		(164)		—		(164)
MRB remeasurement (gains) losses	—		—		—		—		—		482		482
Interest credited to PABs	48		741		88		82		959		24		983
Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”)	(3)		(31)		—		—		(34)		—		(34)
Amortization of DAC and value of business acquired (“VOBA”)	6		9		49		5		69		—		69
Interest expense on debt	—		4		4		22		30		—		30
Other expenses	886		110		198		226		1,420		5		1,425
Total expenses	5,563		1,695		1,351		335		8,944		496		9,440
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)	95		95		45		(45)		190		(237)		(47)
Adjusted earnings	$	351	$	362	$	176	$	(79)	810
Adjustments to:
Total revenues									(560)
Total expenses									(496)
Provision for income tax (expense) benefit									237
Net income (loss)									$	(9)			$	(9)

13

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

2. Segment Information (continued)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2023	Group Benefits		RIS		MetLife Holdings		Corporate & Other		Total		Adjustments		Total Consolidated
	(In millions)
Revenues
Premiums	$	5,039	$	167	$	561	$	(1)	$	5,766	$	—	$	5,766
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees	218		70		154		1		443		—		443
Net investment income	323		1,650		1,017		72		3,062		(198)		2,864
Other revenues	178		65		39		130		412		(5)		407
Net investment gains (losses)	—		—		—		—		—		(462)		(462)
Net derivative gains (losses)	—		—		—		—		—		306		306
Total revenues	5,758		1,952		1,771		202		9,683		(359)		9,324
Expenses
Policyholder benefits and claims and policyholder dividends	4,296		803		1,101		—		6,200		2		6,202
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gains) losses	(28)		(65)		(13)		—		(106)		—		(106)
MRB remeasurement (gains) losses	—		—		—		—		—		(703)		(703)
Interest credited to PABs	50		649		156		85		940		(2)		938
Capitalization of DAC	(3)		(8)		—		—		(11)		—		(11)
Amortization of DAC and VOBA	7		7		56		5		75		—		75
Interest expense on debt	—		5		4		25		34		—		34
Other expenses	817		91		176		121		1,205		—		1,205
Total expenses	5,139		1,482		1,480		236		8,337		(703)		7,634
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)	130		98		58		(49)		237		74		311
Adjusted earnings	$	489	$	372	$	233	$	15	1,109
Adjustments to:
Total revenues									(359)
Total expenses									703
Provision for income tax (expense) benefit									(74)
Net income (loss)									$	1,379			$	1,379

14

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

2. Segment Information (continued)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024	Group Benefits		RIS		MetLife Holdings		Corporate & Other		Total		Adjustments		Total Consolidated
	(In millions)
Revenues
Premiums	$	16,098	$	1,985	$	1,712	$	(2)	$	19,793	$	—	$	19,793
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees	682		181		232		14		1,109		—		1,109
Net investment income	908		5,019		2,722		294		8,943		(263)		8,680
Other revenues	562		209		126		364		1,261		86		1,347
Net investment gains (losses)	—		—		—		—		—		(423)		(423)
Net derivative gains (losses)	—		—		—		—		—		(378)		(378)
Total revenues	18,250		7,394		4,792		670		31,106		(978)		30,128
Expenses
Policyholder benefits and claims and policyholder dividends	14,059		3,926		3,148		1		21,134		(43)		21,091
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gains) losses	(2)		(160)		14		—		(148)		—		(148)
MRB remeasurement (gains) losses	—		—		—		—		—		(234)		(234)
Interest credited to PABs	144		2,125		281		249		2,799		64		2,863
Capitalization of DAC	(10)		(77)		1		—		(86)		—		(86)
Amortization of DAC and VOBA	19		26		148		14		207		—		207
Interest expense on debt	1		11		11		69		92		—		92
Other expenses	2,643		312		591		516		4,062		9		4,071
Total expenses	16,854		6,163		4,194		849		28,060		(204)		27,856
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)	295		257		119		(100)		571		(176)		395
Adjusted earnings	$	1,101	$	974	$	479	$	(79)	2,475
Adjustments to:
Total revenues									(978)
Total expenses									204
Provision for income tax (expense) benefit									176
Net income (loss)									$	1,877			$	1,877

15

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

2. Segment Information (continued)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023	Group Benefits		RIS		MetLife Holdings		Corporate & Other		Total		Adjustments		Total Consolidated
	(In millions)
Revenues
Premiums	$	15,444	$	400	$	1,724	$	—	$	17,568	$	—	$	17,568
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees	659		197		437		2		1,295		—		1,295
Net investment income	946		4,861		3,050		161		9,018		(596)		8,422
Other revenues	538		197		145		374		1,254		(13)		1,241
Net investment gains (losses)	—		—		—		—		—		(1,223)		(1,223)
Net derivative gains (losses)	—		—		—		—		—		(486)		(486)
Total revenues	17,587		5,655		5,356		537		29,135		(2,318)		26,817
Expenses
Policyholder benefits and claims and policyholder dividends	13,578		2,173		3,340		1		19,092		8		19,100
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gains) losses	(29)		(141)		24		—		(146)		—		(146)
MRB remeasurement (gains) losses	—		—		—		—		—		(1,129)		(1,129)
Interest credited to PABs	144		1,821		467		232		2,664		(2)		2,662
Capitalization of DAC	(14)		(32)		1		(55)		(100)		—		(100)
Amortization of DAC and VOBA	20		22		171		13		226		—		226
Interest expense on debt	1		11		10		76		98		—		98
Other expenses	2,463		471		569		569		4,072		(49)		4,023
Total expenses	16,163		4,325		4,582		836		25,906		(1,172)		24,734
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)	300		277		152		(204)		525		(240)		285
Adjusted earnings	$	1,124	$	1,053	$	622	$	(95)	2,704
Adjustments to:
Total revenues									(2,318)
Total expenses									1,172
Provision for income tax (expense) benefit									240
Net income (loss)									$	1,798			$	1,798

The following table presents total assets with respect to the Company’s segments, as well as Corporate & Other, at:

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
Group Benefits	$	34,576	$	34,185
RIS	182,664		180,625
MetLife Holdings	131,590		133,219
Corporate & Other	30,537		30,656
Total	$	379,367	$	378,685

3. Future Policy Benefits

The Company establishes liabilities for amounts payable under insurance policies. These liabilities are comprised of traditional and limited-payment contracts and associated deferred profit liability (“DPL”), additional insurance liabilities, participating life and short-duration contracts.

16

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

3. Future Policy Benefits (continued)

The Company’s FPBs on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets was as follows at:

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
Traditional and Limited-Payment Contracts:
RIS - Annuities	$	48,924	$	48,695
MetLife Holdings - Long-term care	15,657		15,240
Deferred Profit Liabilities:
RIS - Annuities	3,091		3,000
Additional Insurance Liabilities:
MetLife Holdings - Universal and variable universal life	1,949		1,841
MetLife Holdings - Participating life	42,818		43,586
Other long-duration (1)	6,645		6,605
Short-duration and other	10,445		10,215
Total	$	129,529	$	129,182

__________________

(1) This balance represents liabilities for various smaller product lines across all segments.

Rollforwards - Traditional and Limited-Payment Contracts

The following information about the direct and assumed liability for FPBs includes disaggregated rollforwards of expected future net premiums and expected future benefits. The products grouped within these rollforwards were selected based upon common characteristics and valuations using similar inputs, judgments, assumptions and methodologies within a particular segment of the business. The adjusted balance in each disaggregated rollforward reflects the remeasurement (gains) losses. All amounts presented in the rollforwards and accompanying financial information do not include a reduction for amounts ceded to reinsurers, except with respect to ending net liability for FPB balances where applicable.

17

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

3. Future Policy Benefits (continued)

RIS - Annuities

The RIS segment’s annuity products include pension risk transfers, certain structured settlements and certain institutional income annuities, which are mainly single premium spread-based products. Information regarding these products was as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
	(Dollars in millions)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of period, at current discount rate at balance sheet date	$	—		$	—
Balance, beginning of period, at original discount rate	$	—		$	—
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (1)	—			—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience (2)	(2)			(44)
Adjusted balance	(2)			(44)
Issuances	1,765			290
Net premiums collected	(1,763)			(246)
Ending balance at original discount rate	—			—
Balance, end of period, at current discount rate at balance sheet date	$	—		$	—
Present Value of Expected FPBs
Balance, beginning of period, at current discount rate at balance sheet date	$	48,886		$	48,190
Balance, beginning of period, at original discount rate	$	47,991		$	49,194
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (1)	(234)			(193)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience (2)	(72)			(370)
Adjusted balance	47,685			48,631
Issuances	1,763			294
Interest accrual	1,803			1,785
Benefit payments	(3,348)			(3,480)
Ending balance at original discount rate	47,903			47,230
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions	1,172			(3,053)
Balance, end of period, at current discount rate at balance sheet date	49,075			44,177
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments	(151)			(431)
Net liability for FPBs	$	48,924		$	43,746
Undiscounted - Expected future benefit payments	$	91,841		$	92,052
Discounted - Expected future benefit payments (at current discount rate at balance sheet date)	$	49,075		$	44,177
Weighted-average duration of the liability	9 years			9 years
Weighted-average interest accretion (original locked-in) rate	5.1		%	5.1		%
Weighted-average current discount rate at balance sheet date	5.0		%	6.1		%

__________________

(1)For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the net effect of changes in cash flow assumptions was partially offset by the corresponding impact in DPL associated with the RIS segment’s annuity products of $112 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the net effect of changes in cash flow assumptions was largely offset by the corresponding impact in DPL associated with the RIS segment’s annuity products of $136 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the net effect of changes in cash flow assumptions was primarily driven by updates in assumptions related to mortality.

18

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

3. Future Policy Benefits (continued)

(2)For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the net effect of actual variances from expected experience was partially offset by the corresponding impact in DPL associated with the RIS segment’s annuity products of $32 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the net effect of actual variances from expected experience was largely offset by the corresponding impact in DPL associated with the RIS segment’s annuity products of $243 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the net effect of actual variances from expected experience was primarily driven by favorable mortality and the amendment of an affiliated reinsurance treaty.

Significant Methodologies and Assumptions

The principal inputs used in the establishment of the FPB for the RIS segment’s annuity products include actual premiums, actual benefits, in-force data, locked-in claim-related expense, the locked-in interest accretion rate, the current upper-medium grade discount rate at the balance sheet date and best estimate mortality assumptions.

When single premium annuity contracts are issued, the FPB reserve is required to be measured at an upper-medium grade discount rate. Due to differences between the upper-medium grade discount rate and pricing assumptions used to determine the contractual premium, the initial FPB reserve at issue for a particular cohort may be greater than the contractual premium received, and the difference must be recognized as an immediate loss at issue. On these cohorts, future experience that differs from expected experience and changes in cash flow assumptions result in the recognition of remeasurement gains and losses with net remeasurement gains limited to the amount of the original loss at issue, after which any favorable experience is deferred and recorded within the DPL. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized a net remeasurement gain related to the net effect of changes in cash flow assumptions.

19

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

3. Future Policy Benefits (continued)

MetLife Holdings - Long-term Care

The MetLife Holdings segment’s long-term care products offer protection against potentially high costs of long-term health care services. Information regarding these products was as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2024			2023
		(Dollars in millions)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of period, at current discount rate at balance sheet date		$	5,687		$	5,775
Balance, beginning of period, at original discount rate		$	5,566		$	5,807
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (1)		212			(152)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience		34			173
Adjusted balance		5,812			5,828
Interest accrual		213			222
Net premiums collected		(424)			(438)
Ending balance at original discount rate		5,601			5,612
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions		159			(258)
Balance, end of period, at current discount rate at balance sheet date		$	5,760		$	5,354
Present Value of Expected FPBs
Balance, beginning of period, at current discount rate at balance sheet date		$	20,927		$	19,619
Balance, beginning of period, at original discount rate		$	20,494		$	20,165
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (1)		205			(190)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience		45			194
Adjusted balance		20,744			20,169
Interest accrual		812			801
Benefit payments		(638)			(579)
Ending balance at original discount rate		20,918			20,391
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions		499			(2,012)
Balance, end of period, at current discount rate at balance sheet date		21,417			18,379
Net liability for FPBs		$	15,657		$	13,025
Undiscounted:
Expected future gross premiums		$	10,735		$	10,713
Expected future benefit payments		$	45,098		$	45,152
Discounted (at current discount rate at balance sheet date):
Expected future gross premiums		$	7,319		$	6,714
Expected future benefit payments		$	21,417		$	18,379
Weighted-average duration of the liability		14 years			14 years
Weighted-average interest accretion (original locked-in) rate		5.4		%	5.5		%
Weighted-average current discount rate at balance sheet date		5.2		%	6.3		%

__________________

(1)For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the net effect of changes in cash flow assumptions was primarily driven by updates in policyholder behavior assumptions related to claim utilization experience, which lowered the expected cost of care. This was partially offset by updates in morbidity assumptions associated with an increase in incidence rates.

20

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

3. Future Policy Benefits (continued)

Significant Methodologies and Assumptions

The principal inputs used in the establishment of the FPB reserve for long-term care products include actual premiums, actual benefits, in-force data, locked-in claim-related expense, the locked-in interest accretion rate, current upper-medium grade discount rate at the balance sheet date and best estimate assumptions. The best estimate assumptions include mortality, lapse, incidence, claim utilization, claim cost inflation, claim continuance, and premium rate increases.

Rollforward - Additional Insurance Liabilities

The Company establishes additional insurance liabilities for annuitization, death or other insurance benefits for universal life and variable universal life contract features where the Company guarantees to the contractholder either a secondary guarantee or a guaranteed paid-up benefit. The policy can remain in force, even if the base policy account value is zero, as long as contractual secondary guarantee requirements have been met.

The following information about the direct liability for additional insurance liabilities includes a disaggregated rollforward. The products grouped within the rollforward were selected based upon common characteristics and valuations using similar inputs, judgments, assumptions and methodologies within a particular segment of the business. The adjusted balance in the disaggregated rollforward reflects the remeasurement (gains) losses. All amounts presented in the rollforward and accompanying financial information do not include a reduction for amounts ceded to reinsurers.

MetLife Holdings

The MetLife Holdings segment’s universal life and variable universal life products offer a contract feature where the Company guarantees to the contractholder a secondary guarantee or a guaranteed paid-up benefit. Information regarding these additional insurance liabilities was as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
	Universal and Variable Universal Life
	(Dollars in millions)
Balance, beginning of period	$	1,841		$	1,642
Less: Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) adjustment	(14)			(63)
Balance, beginning of period, before AOCI adjustment	1,855			1,705
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(1)			25
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	24			9
Adjusted balance	1,878			1,739
Assessments accrual	67			70
Interest accrual	72			67
Excess benefits paid	(57)			(56)
Balance, end of period, before AOCI adjustment	1,960			1,820
Add: AOCI adjustment	(11)			(65)
Balance, end of period	1,949			1,755
Less: Reinsurance recoverables	1,949			659
Balance, end of period, net of reinsurance	$	—		$	1,096
Weighted-average duration of the liability	16 years			17 years
Weighted-average interest accretion rate	5.2		%	5.2		%

21

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

3. Future Policy Benefits (continued)

The Company’s gross premiums or assessments and interest expense recognized in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for long-duration contracts, excluding MetLife Holdings’ participating life contracts, were as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024				2023
	Gross Premiums or Assessments (1)		Interest Expense (2)		Gross Premiums or Assessments (1)		Interest Expense (2)
	(In millions)
Traditional and Limited-Payment Contracts:
RIS - Annuities	$	1,815	$	1,803	$	221	$	1,785
MetLife Holdings - Long-term care	543		599		547		579
Deferred Profit Liabilities:
RIS - Annuities	N/A		112		N/A		107
Additional Insurance Liabilities:
MetLife Holdings - Universal and variable universal life	288		72		347		67
Other long-duration	686		229		671		227
Total	$	3,332	$	2,815	$	1,786	$	2,765

__________________

(1)Gross premiums are related to traditional and limited-payment contracts and are included in premiums. Assessments are related to additional insurance liabilities and are included in universal life and investment-type product policy fees and net investment income.

(2)Interest expense is included in policyholder benefits and claims.

22

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

3. Future Policy Benefits (continued)

Liabilities for Unpaid Claims and Claim Expenses

Rollforward of Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses

Information regarding the liabilities for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses was as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
	(In millions)
Balance, beginning of period	$	11,609	$	11,300
Less: Reinsurance recoverables	1,740		1,633
Net balance, beginning of period	9,869		9,667
Incurred related to:
Current period	15,444		15,077
Prior periods (1)	(307)		(24)
Total incurred	15,137		15,053
Paid related to:
Current period	(10,270)		(10,003)
Prior periods	(4,663)		(4,666)
Total paid	(14,933)		(14,669)
Net balance, end of period	10,073		10,051
Add: Reinsurance recoverables	1,914		1,747
Balance, end of period (included in FPBs and other policy-related balances)	$	11,987	$	11,798

__________________

(1)For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, incurred claims and claim adjustment expenses associated with prior periods decreased due to favorable claims experience in the respective current period.

4. Policyholder Account Balances

The Company establishes liabilities for PABs, which are generally equal to the account value, and which includes accrued interest credited, but excludes the impact of any applicable charge that may be incurred upon surrender.

The Company’s PABs on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets were as follows at:

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
Group Benefits - Group life	$	7,515	$	7,605
RIS:
Capital markets investment products and stable value GICs	59,620		58,554
Annuities and risk solutions	11,487		10,650
MetLife Holdings - Annuities	9,821		10,888
Other	15,887		16,197
Total	$	104,330	$	103,894

Rollforwards

The following information about the direct and assumed liability for PABs includes year-to-date disaggregated rollforwards. The products grouped within these rollforwards were selected based upon common characteristics and valuations using similar inputs, judgments, assumptions and methodologies within a particular segment of the business. Policy charges presented in each disaggregated rollforward reflect a premium and/or assessment based on the account balance.

23

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

4. Policyholder Account Balances (continued)

Group Benefits

Group Life

The Group Benefits segment’s group life PABs predominantly consist of retained asset accounts, universal life products, and the fixed account of variable life insurance products. Information regarding this liability was as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
	(Dollars in millions)
Balance, beginning of period	$	7,605		$	7,954
Deposits	2,659			2,467
Policy charges	(493)			(475)
Surrenders and withdrawals	(2,388)			(2,379)
Benefit payments	(9)			(9)
Net transfers from (to) separate accounts	(3)			1
Interest credited	144			143
Balance, end of period	$	7,515		$	7,702
Weighted-average annual crediting rate	2.6		%	2.5		%
At period end:
Cash surrender value	$	7,453		$	7,638
Net amount at risk, excluding offsets from reinsurance:
In the event of death	$	265,266		$	250,611

The Group Benefits segment’s group life product account values by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates (“GMCR”) and the related range of differences between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums were as follows at:

Range of GMCR	At GMCR		Greater than  0% but less  than 0.50% above GMCR		Equal to or greater than 0.50% but less than 1.50%  above GMCR		Equal to or greater than 1.50% above GMCR		Total Account Value
	(In millions)
September 30, 2024
Equal to or greater than 0% but less than 2%	$	456	$	—	$	788	$	4,141	$	5,385
Equal to or greater than 2% but less than 4%	1,266		8		59		1		1,334
Equal to or greater than 4%	684		—		39		36		759
Products with either a fixed rate or no GMCR	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		37
Total	$	2,406	$	8	$	886	$	4,178	$	7,515
September 30, 2023
Equal to or greater than 0% but less than 2%	$	—	$	—	$	887	$	4,595	$	5,482
Equal to or greater than 2% but less than 4%	1,223		10		62		2		1,297
Equal to or greater than 4%	733		1		42		34		810
Products with either a fixed rate or no GMCR	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		113
Total	$	1,956	$	11	$	991	$	4,631	$	7,702

24

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

4. Policyholder Account Balances (continued)

RIS

Capital Markets Investment Products and Stable Value GICs

The RIS segment’s capital markets investment products and stable value GICs in PABs are investment-type products, mainly funding agreements. Information regarding this liability was as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
	(Dollars in millions)
Balance, beginning of period	$	58,554		$	58,508
Deposits	50,792			49,441
Surrenders and withdrawals	(51,643)			(51,877)
Interest credited	1,638			1,392
Effect of foreign currency translation and other, net	279			312
Balance, end of period	$	59,620		$	57,776
Weighted-average annual crediting rate	3.8		%	3.2		%
Cash surrender value at period end	$	1,397		$	1,573

The RIS segment’s capital markets investment products and stable value GICs account values by range of GMCR and the related range of differences between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums were as follows at:

Range of GMCR	At GMCR		Greater than  0% but less  than 0.50% above GMCR		Equal to or greater than 0.50% but less than 1.50%  above GMCR		Equal to or greater than 1.50% above GMCR		Total Account Value
	(In millions)
September 30, 2024
Equal to or greater than 0% but less than 2%	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,754	$	2,754
Products with either a fixed rate or no GMCR	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		56,866
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,754	$	59,620
September 30, 2023
Equal to or greater than 0% but less than 2%	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	2,620	$	2,621
Products with either a fixed rate or no GMCR	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		55,155
Total	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	2,620	$	57,776

25

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

4. Policyholder Account Balances (continued)

Annuities and Risk Solutions

The RIS segment’s annuity and risk solutions PABs include certain structured settlements and institutional income annuities, and benefit funding solutions that include postretirement benefits and company-, bank- or trust-owned life insurance used to finance nonqualified benefit programs for executives. Information regarding this liability was as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
	(Dollars in millions)
Balance, beginning of period	$	10,650		$	10,244
Deposits	1,259			502
Policy charges	(110)			(120)
Surrenders and withdrawals	(242)			(153)
Benefit payments	(446)			(423)
Net transfers from (to) separate accounts	20			54
Interest credited	348			319
Other	8			(57)
Balance, end of period	$	11,487		$	10,366
Weighted-average annual crediting rate	4.3		%	4.2		%
At period end:
Cash surrender value	$	7,171		$	6,676
Net amount at risk, excluding offsets from ceded reinsurance:
In the event of death	$	34,169		$	34,701

The RIS segment’s annuity and risk solutions account values by range of GMCR and the related range of differences between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums were as follows at:

Range of GMCR	At GMCR		Greater than  0% but less  than 0.50% above GMCR		Equal to or greater than 0.50% but less than 1.50%  above GMCR		Equal to or greater than 1.50% above GMCR		Total Account Value
	(In millions)
September 30, 2024
Equal to or greater than 0% but less than 2%	$	—	$	—	$	19	$	2,056	$	2,075
Equal to or greater than 2% but less than 4%	198		35		11		417		661
Equal to or greater than 4%	3,400		—		343		6		3,749
Products with either a fixed rate or no GMCR	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		5,002
Total	$	3,598	$	35	$	373	$	2,479	$	11,487
September 30, 2023
Equal to or greater than 0% but less than 2%	$	—	$	—	$	22	$	1,449	$	1,471
Equal to or greater than 2% but less than 4%	260		33		7		437		737
Equal to or greater than 4%	3,621		—		165		6		3,792
Products with either a fixed rate or no GMCR	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		4,366
Total	$	3,881	$	33	$	194	$	1,892	$	10,366

26

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

4. Policyholder Account Balances (continued)

MetLife Holdings

Annuities

The MetLife Holdings segment’s annuity PABs primarily include fixed deferred annuities, the fixed account portion of variable annuities, certain income annuities, and embedded derivatives related to equity-indexed annuities. Information regarding this liability was as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024			2023
	(Dollars in millions)
Balance, beginning of period	$	10,888		$	12,598
Deposits	115			111
Policy charges	(8)			(9)
Surrenders and withdrawals	(1,236)			(1,380)
Benefit payments	(291)			(312)
Net transfers from (to) separate accounts	105			48
Interest credited	241			272
Other	7			15
Balance, end of period	$	9,821		$	11,343
Weighted-average annual crediting rate	3.2		%	3.1		%
At period end:
Cash surrender value	$	9,187		$	10,603
Net amount at risk, excluding offsets from ceded reinsurance (1):
In the event of death	$	2,238		$	3,970
At annuitization or exercise of other living benefits	$	615		$	880

__________________

(1)Includes amounts for certain variable annuities recorded as PABs with the related guarantees recorded as MRBs which are disclosed in “MetLife Holdings – Annuities” in Note 5.

27

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

4. Policyholder Account Balances (continued)

The MetLife Holdings segment’s annuity account values by range of GMCR and the related range of differences between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums were as follows at:

Range of GMCR	At GMCR		Greater than  0% but less  than 0.50% above GMCR		Equal to or greater than 0.50% but less than 1.50%  above GMCR		Equal to or greater than 1.50% above GMCR		Total Account Value
	(In millions)
September 30, 2024
Equal to or greater than 0% but less than 2%	$	3	$	166	$	444	$	52	$	665
Equal to or greater than 2% but less than 4%	1,378		6,182		495		153		8,208
Equal to or greater than 4%	403		150		12		—		565
Products with either a fixed rate or no GMCR	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		383
Total	$	1,784	$	6,498	$	951	$	205	$	9,821
September 30, 2023
Equal to or greater than 0% but less than 2%	$	235	$	245	$	292	$	227	$	999
Equal to or greater than 2% but less than 4%	2,886		5,822		452		130		9,290
Equal to or greater than 4%	593		3		21		—		617
Products with either a fixed rate or no GMCR	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		437
Total	$	3,714	$	6,070	$	765	$	357	$	11,343

5. Market Risk Benefits

The Company establishes liabilities for variable annuity contract features which include a minimum benefit guarantee that provides to the contractholder a minimum return based on their initial deposit less withdrawals. In some cases, the benefit base may be increased by additional deposits, bonus amounts, accruals or optional market value resets.

The Company’s MRB assets and MRB liabilities on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets were as follows at:

	September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
	Asset		Liability		Net		Asset		Liability		Net
	(In millions)
MetLife Holdings - Annuities	$	179	$	2,787	$	2,608	$	156	$	2,858	$	2,702
Other	13		60		47		21		20		(1)
Total	$	192	$	2,847	$	2,655	$	177	$	2,878	$	2,701

Rollforwards

The following information about the direct liability for MRBs includes a disaggregated rollforward. The products grouped within this rollforward were selected based upon common characteristics and valuations using similar inputs, judgments, assumptions and methodologies within a particular segment of the business.

28

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

5. Market Risk Benefits (continued)

MetLife Holdings - Annuities

The MetLife Holdings segment’s variable annuity products offer contract features where the Company guarantees to the contractholder a minimum benefit, which includes guaranteed minimum death benefits (“GMDBs”) and living benefit guarantees. The GMDB contract features include return of premium, which provides a return of the purchase payment upon death, annual step-up and roll-up and step-up combinations. The living benefit guarantees contract features primarily include guaranteed minimum income benefits (“GMIBs”), which provide a minimum accumulation of purchase payments that can be annuitized to receive a monthly income stream, and guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (“GMWBs”), which provide a series of withdrawals, provided that withdrawals in a contract year do not exceed a contractual limit. Information regarding MetLife Holdings annuity products was as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2024		2023
	(In millions)
Balance, beginning of period		$	2,702	$	3,071
Balance, beginning of period, before effect of cumulative changes in the instrument-specific credit risk		$	2,741	$	3,164
Attributed fees collected		224		238
Benefit payments		(67)		(35)
Effect of changes in interest rates		(61)		(881)
Effect of changes in capital markets		(471)		(379)
Effect of changes in equity index volatility		38		(74)
Actual policyholder behavior different from expected behavior		144		71
Effect of changes in future expected policyholder behavior and other assumptions		19		9
Effect of foreign currency translation and other, net (1)		72		173
Effect of changes in risk margin		(6)		(43)
Balance, end of period, before the cumulative effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk		2,633		2,243
Cumulative effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk		(25)		6
Balance, end of period		$	2,608	$	2,249
At period end:
Net amount at risk, excluding offsets from hedging (2):
In the event of death		$	2,238	$	3,970
At annuitization or exercise of other living benefits		$	615	$	880
Weighted-average attained age of contractholders:
In the event of death		71 years		70 years
At annuitization or exercise of other living benefits		70 years		70 years

__________________

(1)    Included is the covariance impact from aggregating the market observable inputs, mostly driven by interest rate and capital market volatility.

(2)    Includes amounts for certain variable annuity guarantees recorded as MRBs on contracts also recorded as PABs which are disclosed in “MetLife Holdings – Annuities” in Note 4.

Significant Methodologies and Assumptions

The Company issues GMDBs, GMWBs, guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits (“GMABs”) and GMIBs that typically meet the definition of MRBs, which are measured in aggregate, as one compound MRB, at estimated fair value separately from the variable annuity contract, with changes in estimated fair value reported in net income, except for changes in nonperformance risk of the Company which are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”).

The Company calculates the fair value of these MRBs, which is estimated as the present value of projected future benefits minus the present value of projected attributed fees, using actuarial and capital market assumptions including expectations concerning policyholder behavior. The calculation is based on in-force business, projecting future cash flows from the MRB over multiple risk neutral stochastic scenarios using observable risk-free rates.

29

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

5. Market Risk Benefits (continued)

Capital market assumptions, such as risk-free rates and implied volatilities, are based on market prices for publicly traded instruments to the extent that prices for such instruments are observable. Implied volatilities beyond the observable period are extrapolated based on observable implied volatilities and historical volatilities. Actuarial assumptions, including mortality, lapse, withdrawal and utilization, are unobservable and are reviewed at least annually based on actuarial studies of historical experience. See Note 11 for additional information on significant unobservable inputs.

The valuation of these MRBs includes a nonperformance risk adjustment and adjustments for a risk margin related to non-capital market inputs. The nonperformance adjustment is determined by taking into consideration publicly available information relating to spreads in the secondary market for MetLife, Inc.’s debt, including related credit default swaps. These observable spreads are then adjusted, as necessary, to reflect the priority of these liabilities and the claims paying ability of the issuing insurance subsidiaries as compared to MetLife, Inc.

Risk margins are established to capture the non-capital market risks of the instrument which represent the additional compensation a market participant would require to assume the risks related to the uncertainties of such actuarial assumptions at annuitization, premium persistency, partial withdrawal and surrenders. The establishment of risk margins requires the use of significant management judgment, including assumptions of the amount and cost of capital needed to cover the guarantees.

These guarantees may be more costly than expected in volatile or declining equity markets. Market conditions, including changes in interest rates, equity indices, market volatility and foreign currency exchange rates; and variations in actuarial assumptions regarding policyholder behavior, mortality and risk margins related to non-capital market inputs, impact the estimated fair value of the guarantees and affect net income, and changes in nonperformance risk of the Company affect OCI.

Other

In addition to the disaggregated MRB product rollforward above, the Company offers other products with guaranteed minimum benefit features. These MRBs are measured at estimated fair value, with changes in estimated fair value reported in net income, except for changes in nonperformance risk of the Company which are recorded in OCI. See Note 11 for additional information on significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of MRBs. Information regarding these product liabilities was as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
	(In millions)
Balance, beginning of period	$	(1)	$	25
Balance, beginning of period, before effect of cumulative changes in the instrument-specific credit risk	$	2	$	34
Attributed fees collected	2		2
Effect of changes in interest rates	10		(43)
Actual policyholder behavior different from expected behavior	—		(26)
Effect of changes in future expected policyholder behavior and other assumptions	1		1
Effect of foreign currency translation and other, net	40		40
Balance, end of period, before the cumulative effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk	55		8
Cumulative effect of changes in the instrument-specific credit risk	(8)		(3)
Balance, end of period	$	47	$	5

30

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

6. Separate Accounts

Separate account assets consist of investment accounts established and maintained by the Company. The investment objectives of these assets are directed by the contractholder. An equivalent amount is reported as separate account liabilities. These accounts are reported separately from the general account assets and liabilities.

Separate Account Liabilities

The Company’s separate account liabilities on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets were as follows at:

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
RIS:
Stable Value and Risk Solutions	$	33,699	$	35,562
Annuities	11,989		11,659
MetLife Holdings - Annuities	29,285		29,162
Other	7,637		6,814
Total	$	82,610	$	83,197

Rollforwards

The following information about the separate account liabilities includes disaggregated rollforwards. The products grouped within these rollforwards were selected based upon common characteristics and valuations using similar inputs, judgments, assumptions and methodologies within a particular segment of the business.

The separate account liabilities are primarily comprised of the following: RIS stable value and risk solutions contracts, RIS annuities participating and non-participating group contracts, and MetLife Holdings variable annuities.

The balances of and changes in separate account liabilities were as follows:

	RIS Stable Value and Risk Solutions		RIS Annuities		MetLife Holdings Annuities
	(In millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balance, beginning of period	$	35,562	$	11,659	$	29,162
Premiums and deposits	949		34		175
Policy charges	(166)		(16)		(453)
Surrenders and withdrawals	(3,761)		(609)		(2,789)
Benefit payments	(69)		—		(377)
Investment performance	1,799		561		3,680
Net transfers from (to) general account	(21)		—		(105)
Other (1)	(594)		360		(8)
Balance, end of period	$	33,699	$	11,989	$	29,285
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	43,249	$	11,694	$	28,443
Premiums and deposits	1,338		154		190
Policy charges	(182)		(17)		(460)
Surrenders and withdrawals	(8,673)		(636)		(2,111)
Benefit payments	(70)		—		(350)
Investment performance	519		(157)		1,733
Net transfers from (to) general account	(57)		3		(49)
Other (1)	(1,243)		111		(1)
Balance, end of period	$	34,881	$	11,152	$	27,395
Cash surrender value at September 30, 2024 (2)	$	29,568	N/A		$	29,147
Cash surrender value at September 30, 2023 (2)	$	31,299	N/A		$	27,261

__________________

31

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

6. Separate Accounts (continued)

(1)    Other for RIS stable value and risk solutions primarily includes changes related to unsettled trades of mortgage-backed securities.

(2)    Cash surrender value represents the amount of the contractholders’ account balances distributable at the balance sheet date less policy loans and certain surrender charges.

Separate Account Assets

The Company’s aggregate fair value of assets, by major investment asset category, supporting separate account liabilities was as follows at:

	September 30, 2024
	Group Benefits		RIS		MetLife Holdings		Total
	(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Bonds:
Foreign government	$	—	$	507	$	—	$	507
U.S. government and agency	—		9,817		—		9,817
Public utilities	—		1,142		—		1,142
Municipals	—		263		—		263
Corporate bonds:
Materials	—		130		—		130
Communications	—		798		—		798
Consumer	—		1,869		—		1,869
Energy	—		818		—		818
Financial	—		2,648		—		2,648
Industrial and other	—		742		—		742
Technology	—		524		—		524
Foreign	—		1,904		—		1,904
Total corporate bonds	—		9,433		—		9,433
Total bonds	—		21,162		—		21,162
Mortgage-backed securities	—		9,192		—		9,192
Asset-backed securities and collateralized loan obligations (collectively, “ABS & CLO”)	—		2,109		—		2,109
Redeemable preferred stock	—		9		—		9
Total fixed maturity securities	—		32,472		—		32,472
Equity securities:
Common stock:
Industrial, miscellaneous and all other	—		2,339		—		2,339
Banks, trust and insurance companies	—		713		—		713
Public utilities	—		71		—		71
Non-redeemable preferred stock	—		—		—		—
Mutual funds	1,320		3,836		35,504		40,660
Total equity securities	1,320		6,959		35,504		43,783
Other invested assets	—		1,229		—		1,229
Total investments	1,320		40,660		35,504		77,484
Other assets	—		5,126		—		5,126
Total	$	1,320	$	45,786	$	35,504	$	82,610

32

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

6. Separate Accounts (continued)

	December 31, 2023
	Group Benefits		RIS		MetLife Holdings		Total
	(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Bonds:
Foreign government	$	—	$	509	$	—	$	509
U.S. government and agency	—		9,603		—		9,603
Public utilities	—		1,066		—		1,066
Municipals	—		346		—		346
Corporate bonds:
Materials	—		143		—		143
Communications	—		883		—		883
Consumer	—		1,843		—		1,843
Energy	—		906		—		906
Financial	—		2,670		—		2,670
Industrial and other	—		757		—		757
Technology	—		541		—		541
Foreign	—		1,889		—		1,889
Total corporate bonds	—		9,632		—		9,632
Total bonds	—		21,156		—		21,156
Mortgage-backed securities	—		9,515		—		9,515
ABS & CLO	—		2,341		—		2,341
Redeemable preferred stock	—		9		—		9
Total fixed maturity securities	—		33,021		—		33,021
Equity securities:
Common stock:
Industrial, miscellaneous and all other	—		2,338		—		2,338
Banks, trust and insurance companies	—		716		—		716
Public utilities	—		65		—		65
Non-redeemable preferred stock	—		—		—		—
Mutual funds	1,159		3,672		34,728		39,559
Total equity securities	1,159		6,791		34,728		42,678
Other invested assets	—		1,425		—		1,425
Total investments	1,159		41,237		34,728		77,124
Other assets	—		6,073		—		6,073
Total	$	1,159	$	47,310	$	34,728	$	83,197

33

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

7. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Value of Business Acquired and Unearned Revenue

DAC and VOBA

Information regarding total DAC and VOBA by segment, as well as Corporate & Other, was as follows at:

	Group Benefits		RIS		MetLife Holdings (1)		Corporate & Other		Total
	(In millions)
DAC:
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	255	$	155	$	2,723	$	158	$	3,291
Capitalizations	10		77		(1)		—		86
Amortization	(19)		(25)		(148)		(14)		(206)
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	246	$	207	$	2,574	$	144	$	3,171
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	264	$	137	$	3,220	$	120	$	3,741
Capitalizations	14		32		(1)		55		100
Amortization	(20)		(20)		(171)		(13)		(224)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	258	$	149	$	3,048	$	162	$	3,617
Total DAC and VOBA:
Balance at September 30, 2024									$	3,184
Balance at September 30, 2023									$	3,631
Balance at December 31, 2023									$	3,305

__________________

(1)Includes DAC balances primarily related to whole life, variable annuities, disability income, term life, long-term care and universal life products.

34

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

7. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Value of Business Acquired and Unearned Revenue (continued)

Unearned Revenue

Information regarding the Company’s unearned revenue primarily related to universal life and variable universal life products by segment included in other policy-related balances was as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	RIS		MetLife Holdings		Total
	(In millions)
Balance, beginning of period	$	16	$	5	$	21
Deferrals	2		—		2
Amortization	(3)		—		(3)
Balance, end of period	$	15	$	5	$	20
	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	RIS		MetLife Holdings		Total
	(In millions)
Balance, beginning of period	$	18	$	227	$	245
Deferrals	2		30		32
Amortization	(3)		(13)		(16)
Balance, end of period	$	17	$	244	$	261

35

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

8. Closed Block

On April 7, 2000 (the “Demutualization Date”), Metropolitan Life Insurance Company converted from a mutual life insurance company to a stock life insurance company and became a wholly-owned subsidiary of MetLife, Inc. The conversion was pursuant to an order by the New York Superintendent of Insurance approving Metropolitan Life Insurance Company’s plan of reorganization, as amended (the “Plan of Reorganization”). On the Demutualization Date, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company established a closed block for the benefit of holders of certain individual life insurance policies of Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. See Note 9 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2023 Annual Report for further information on the closed block.

Experience within the closed block, in particular mortality and investment yields, as well as realized and unrealized gains and losses, directly impact the policyholder dividend obligation. Amortization of the closed block DAC, which resides outside of the closed block, is based upon policy count within the closed block.

Closed block assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses are combined on a line-by-line basis with the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses outside the closed block based on the nature of the particular item.

Information regarding the liabilities and assets designated to the closed block was as follows at:

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
Closed Block Liabilities
FPBs	$	35,229	$	36,142
Other policy-related balances	284		319
Policyholder dividends payable	178		174
Policyholder dividend obligation	—		—
Current income tax payable	13		—
Other liabilities	896		668
Total closed block liabilities	36,600		37,303
Assets Designated to the Closed Block
Investments:
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale (“AFS”), at estimated fair value	19,915		19,939
Mortgage loans	5,856		6,151
Policy loans	3,850		3,960
Real estate and real estate joint ventures (“REJV”)	676		668
Other invested assets	428		506
Total investments	30,725		31,224
Cash and cash equivalents	957		717
Accrued investment income	382		383
Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables	36		54
Current income tax recoverable	—		3
Deferred income tax asset	239		312
Total assets designated to the closed block	32,339		32,693
Excess of closed block liabilities over assets designated to the closed block	4,261		4,610
AOCI:
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net of income tax	(551)		(820)
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives, net of income tax	116		130
Total amounts included in AOCI	(435)		(690)
Maximum future earnings to be recognized from closed block assets and liabilities	$	3,826	$	3,920

36

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

8. Closed Block (continued)

Information regarding the closed block revenues and expenses was as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In millions)
Revenues
Premiums	$	214	$	219	$	648	$	680
Net investment income	336		345		1,021		1,024
Net investment gains (losses)	1		4		(19)		13
Net derivative gains (losses)	(1)		(2)		6		1
Total revenues	550		566		1,656		1,718
Expenses
Policyholder benefits and claims	390		403		1,209		1,261
Policyholder dividends	90		89		266		275
Other expenses	21		21		61		65
Total expenses	501		513		1,536		1,601
Revenues, net of expenses before provision for income tax expense (benefit)	49		53		120		117
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)	11		11		26		24
Revenues, net of expenses and provision for income tax expense (benefit)	$	38	$	42	$	94	$	93

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company charges the closed block with federal income taxes, state and local premium taxes and other state or local taxes, as well as investment management expenses relating to the closed block as provided in the Plan of Reorganization. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company also charges the closed block for expenses of maintaining the policies included in the closed block.

37

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

9. Investments

Fixed Maturity Securities AFS

Fixed Maturity Securities AFS by Sector

The following table presents fixed maturity securities AFS by sector. U.S. corporate and foreign corporate sectors include redeemable preferred stock. Residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) includes agency, prime, prime investor, non-qualified residential mortgage, alternative, reperforming and sub-prime mortgage-backed securities. ABS & CLO includes securities collateralized by consumer loans, corporate loans and broadly syndicated bank loans. Municipals includes taxable and tax-exempt revenue bonds and, to a much lesser extent, general obligations of states, municipalities and political subdivisions. Commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) primarily includes securities collateralized by multiple commercial mortgage loans. RMBS, ABS & CLO and CMBS are, collectively, “Structured Products.”

	September 30, 2024										December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost				Gross Unrealized				Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost				Gross Unrealized				Estimated Fair Value
Sector			Allowance for Credit Loss (“ACL”)		Gains		Losses						ACL		Gains		Losses
	(In millions)
U.S. corporate	$	52,123	$	(46)	$	1,363	$	2,601	$	50,839	$	52,479	$	(62)	$	1,126	$	3,050	$	50,493
Foreign corporate	27,557		(11)		646		2,429		25,763		27,520		(2)		536		2,839		25,215
U.S. government and agency	24,446		—		313		2,148		22,611		23,100		—		243		2,283		21,060
RMBS	23,022		(1)		360		1,510		21,871		20,700		(1)		228		1,979		18,948
ABS & CLO	11,528		(8)		82		218		11,384		12,049		(6)		30		432		11,641
Municipals	5,648		—		247		373		5,522		6,429		—		318		428		6,319
CMBS	5,769		(6)		85		318		5,530		6,387		(11)		28		570		5,834
Foreign government	3,171		(41)		167		164		3,133		3,416		(50)		156		227		3,295
Total fixed maturity securities AFS	$	153,264	$	(113)	$	3,263	$	9,761	$	146,653	$	152,080	$	(132)	$	2,665	$	11,808	$	142,805

Maturities of Fixed Maturity Securities AFS

The amortized cost, net of ACL, and estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities AFS, by contractual maturity date, were as follows at September 30, 2024:

	Due in One Year or Less		Due After  One Year Through Five Years		Due After Five Years Through Ten Years		Due After Ten Years		Structured Products		Total Fixed Maturity Securities AFS
	(In millions)
Amortized cost, net of ACL	$	4,707	$	24,722	$	27,818	$	55,600	$	40,304	$	153,151
Estimated fair value	$	4,672	$	24,518	$	27,435	$	51,243	$	38,785	$	146,653

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to the exercise of call or prepayment options. Fixed maturity securities AFS not due at a single maturity date have been presented in the year of final contractual maturity. Structured Products are shown separately, as they are not due at a single maturity.

38

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

9. Investments (continued)

Continuous Gross Unrealized Losses for Fixed Maturity Securities AFS by Sector

The following table presents the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity securities AFS in an unrealized loss position without an ACL by sector and aggregated by length of time that the securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.

	September 30, 2024								December 31, 2023
	Less than 12 Months				Equal to or Greater than 12 Months				Less than 12 Months				Equal to or Greater than 12 Months
Sector & Credit Quality	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
	(Dollars in millions)
U.S. corporate	$	2,142	$	44	$	23,873	$	2,536	$	3,537	$	95	$	25,752	$	2,924
Foreign corporate	599		50		14,718		2,360		714		64		16,982		2,775
U.S. government and agency	1,254		8		10,814		2,140		4,322		228		9,980		2,055
RMBS	778		17		11,769		1,493		1,470		37		12,813		1,941
ABS & CLO	1,484		2		4,079		215		937		20		8,250		410
Municipals	17		2		2,149		371		262		10		2,102		418
CMBS	99		1		3,255		316		587		23		4,096		542
Foreign government	12		—		1,300		163		431		12		1,452		212
Total fixed maturity securities AFS	$	6,385	$	124	$	71,957	$	9,594	$	12,260	$	489	$	81,427	$	11,277
Investment grade	$	5,137	$	96	$	69,163	$	9,278	$	11,499	$	453	$	77,325	$	10,849
Below investment grade	1,248		28		2,794		316		761		36		4,102		428
Total fixed maturity securities AFS	$	6,385	$	124	$	71,957	$	9,594	$	12,260	$	489	$	81,427	$	11,277
Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position	836				7,130				1,679				8,441

Evaluation of Fixed Maturity Securities AFS for Credit Loss

Evaluation and Measurement Methodologies

See Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2023 Annual Report for a description of the Company’s Evaluation and Measurement Methodologies of Fixed Maturity Securities AFS for Credit Loss.

Evaluation of Fixed Maturity Securities AFS in an Unrealized Loss Position

Gross unrealized losses on securities without an ACL decreased $2.0 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $9.7 billion primarily due to a decrease in interest rates.

As shown in the table above, most of the gross unrealized losses on securities without an ACL that have been in a continuous gross unrealized loss position for 12 months or greater at September 30, 2024, relate to investment grade securities. These unrealized losses are principally due to widening credit spreads since purchase and, with respect to fixed-rate securities, rising interest rates since purchase.

As of September 30, 2024, $316 million of gross unrealized losses on securities without an ACL that have been in a continuous gross unrealized loss position for 12 months or greater on below investment grade securities were concentrated in the utility, transportation and consumer sectors within corporate securities and in foreign government securities. These unrealized losses are the result of significantly wider credit spreads resulting from higher risk premiums since purchase, largely due to economic and market uncertainty and, with respect to fixed-rate securities, rising interest rates since purchase.

At September 30, 2024, the Company did not intend to sell its securities in an unrealized loss position without an ACL, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these securities before the anticipated recovery of the remaining amortized cost. Therefore, the Company concluded that these securities had not incurred a credit loss and should not have an ACL at September 30, 2024.

39

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

9. Investments (continued)

Future provisions for credit loss will depend primarily on economic fundamentals, issuer performance (including changes in the present value of future cash flows expected to be collected), changes in credit ratings and collateral valuation.

Rollforward of ACL for Fixed Maturity Securities AFS By Sector

The rollforward of ACL for fixed maturity securities AFS by sector is as follows:

	U.S.  Corporate		Foreign Corporate		Foreign Government		RMBS		ABS & CLO		CMBS		Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024	(In millions)
Balance, at beginning of period	$	27	$	2	$	33	$	1	$	7	$	7	$	77
ACL not previously recorded	23		9		—		—		—		—		32
Changes for securities with previously recorded ACL	(1)		—		8		—		1		(1)		7
Securities sold or exchanged	(3)		—		—		—		—		—		(3)
Balance, at end of period	$	46	$	11	$	41	$	1	$	8	$	6	$	113
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Balance, at beginning of period	$	63	$	2	$	70	$	—	$	—	$	7	$	142
ACL not previously recorded	—		—		—		1		6		1		8
Changes for securities with previously recorded ACL	—		—		(4)		—		—		1		(3)
Securities sold or exchanged	(1)		—		(16)		—		—		—		(17)
Balance, at end of period	$	62	$	2	$	50	$	1	$	6	$	9	$	130

	U.S.  Corporate		Foreign Corporate		Foreign Government		RMBS		ABS & CLO		CMBS		Total
	(In millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balance, at beginning of period	$	62	$	2	$	50	$	1	$	6	$	11	$	132
ACL not previously recorded	37		9		—		—		—		—		46
Changes for securities with previously recorded ACL	5		—		6		—		2		(1)		12
Securities sold or exchanged	(58)		—		(15)		—		—		(4)		(77)
Balance, at end of period	$	46	$	11	$	41	$	1	$	8	$	6	$	113
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Balance, at beginning of period	$	28	$	3	$	68	$	—	$	—	$	15	$	114
ACL not previously recorded	31		—		—		1		6		1		39
Changes for securities with previously recorded ACL	6		(1)		(2)		—		—		3		6
Securities sold or exchanged	(3)		—		(16)		—		—		(10)		(29)
Balance, at end of period	$	62	$	2	$	50	$	1	$	6	$	9	$	130

40

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

9. Investments (continued)

Mortgage Loans

Mortgage Loans by Portfolio Segment

Mortgage loans are summarized as follows at:

	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
Portfolio Segment	Carrying Value		% of Total		Carrying Value		% of Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Commercial	$	35,710	58.5	%	$	37,129	59.3	%
Agricultural	15,405		25.3		15,831		25.3
Residential	10,413		17.1		10,133		16.2
Total amortized cost	61,528		100.9		63,093		100.8
ACL	(540)		(0.9)		(509)		(0.8)
Total mortgage loans	$	60,988	100.0	%	$	62,584	100.0	%

The amount of net (discounts) premiums and deferred (fees) expenses, included within total amortized cost, primarily attributable to residential mortgage loans was ($788) million and ($720) million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The accrued interest income excluded from total amortized cost for commercial, agricultural and residential mortgage loans at September 30, 2024 was $191 million, $153 million and $84 million, respectively. The accrued interest income excluded from total amortized cost for commercial, agricultural and residential mortgage loans at December 31, 2023 was $196 million, $166 million and $79 million, respectively.

Purchases of mortgage loans, consisting primarily of residential mortgage loans, from unaffiliated parties, were $564 million and $1.0 billion for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $118 million and $975 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. See “— Related Party Investment Transactions” for information regarding transfers of mortgage loans to and from affiliates.

Sales of mortgage loans, consisting primarily of commercial mortgage loans, to an equity method investee, were $168 million for both the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company contributed commercial mortgage loans with an amortized cost of $181 million to REJVs which subsequently completed foreclosure on those mortgage loans. See “— Real Estate and REJV” for the carrying value of wholly-owned real estate acquired through foreclosure.

Rollforward of ACL for Mortgage Loans by Portfolio Segment

The rollforward of ACL for mortgage loans, by portfolio segment, is as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024								2023
	Commercial		Agricultural		Residential		Total		Commercial		Agricultural		Residential		Total
	(In millions)
Balance, beginning of period	$	210	$	152	$	147	$	509	$	174	$	105	$	169	$	448
Provision (release)	108		37		(25)		120		42		50		(11)		81
Charge-offs, net of recoveries	(12)		(77)		—		(89)		(10)		(13)		—		(23)
Balance, end of period	$	306	$	112	$	122	$	540	$	206	$	142	$	158	$	506

41

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

9. Investments (continued)

ACL Methodology

The Company records an allowance for expected lifetime credit loss in earnings within net investment gains (losses) in an amount that represents the portion of the amortized cost basis of mortgage loans that the Company does not expect to collect, resulting in mortgage loans being presented at the net amount expected to be collected. In determining the Company’s ACL, management applies significant judgment to estimate expected lifetime credit loss, including: (i) pooling mortgage loans that share similar risk characteristics, (ii) considering expected lifetime credit loss over the contractual term of its mortgage loans adjusted for expected prepayments and any extensions, and (iii) considering past events and current and forecasted economic conditions. Each of the Company’s commercial, agricultural and residential mortgage loan portfolio segments are evaluated separately. The ACL is calculated for each mortgage loan portfolio segment based on inputs unique to each loan portfolio segment. On a quarterly basis, mortgage loans within a portfolio segment that share similar risk characteristics, such as internal risk ratings or consumer credit scores, are pooled for calculation of ACL. On an ongoing basis, mortgage loans with dissimilar risk characteristics (i.e., loans with significant declines in credit quality), such as collateral dependent mortgage loans (i.e., when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, including when foreclosure is reasonably possible or probable), are evaluated individually for credit loss. The ACL for loans evaluated individually are established using the same methodologies for all three portfolio segments. For example, the ACL for a collateral dependent loan is established as the excess of amortized cost over the estimated fair value of the loan’s underlying collateral, less selling cost when foreclosure is probable. Accordingly, the change in the estimated fair value of collateral dependent loans, which are evaluated individually for credit loss, is recorded as a change in the ACL which is recorded on a quarterly basis as a charge or credit to earnings in net investment gains (losses).

Commercial and Agricultural Mortgage Loan Portfolio Segments

Within each loan portfolio segment, commercial and agricultural loans are pooled by internal risk rating. Estimated lifetime loss rates, which vary by internal risk rating, are applied to the amortized cost of each loan, excluding accrued investment income, on a quarterly basis to develop the ACL. Internal risk ratings are based on an assessment of the loan’s credit quality, which can change over time. The estimated lifetime loss rates are based on several loan portfolio segment-specific factors, including (i) the Company’s experience with defaults and loss severity, (ii) expected default and loss severity over the forecast period, (iii) current and forecasted economic conditions including growth, inflation, interest rates and unemployment levels, (iv) loan specific characteristics including loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios, and (v) internal risk ratings. These evaluations are revised as conditions change and new information becomes available. The Company uses its several decades of historical default and loss severity experience which capture multiple economic cycles. The Company uses a forecast of economic assumptions for a two-year period for most of its commercial and agricultural mortgage loans, while a one-year period is used for loans originated in certain markets. After the applicable forecast period, the Company reverts to its historical loss experience using a straight-line basis over two years. For evaluations of commercial mortgage loans, in addition to historical experience, management considers factors that include the impact of a rapid change to the economy, which may not be reflected in the loan portfolio, recent loss and recovery trend experience as compared to historical loss and recovery experience, and loan specific characteristics including debt service coverage ratios (“DSCR”). In estimating expected lifetime credit loss over the term of its commercial mortgage loans, the Company adjusts for expected prepayment and extension experience during the forecast period using historical prepayment and extension experience considering the expected position in the economic cycle and the loan profile (i.e., floating rate, shorter-term fixed rate and longer-term fixed rate) and after the forecast period using long-term historical prepayment experience. For evaluations of agricultural mortgage loans, in addition to historical experience, management considers factors that include increased stress in certain sectors, which may be evidenced by higher delinquency rates, or a change in the number of higher risk loans. In estimating expected lifetime credit loss over the term of its agricultural mortgage loans, the Company’s experience is much less sensitive to the position in the economic cycle and by loan profile; accordingly, historical prepayment experience is used, while extension terms are not prevalent with the Company’s agricultural mortgage loans.

42

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

9. Investments (continued)

Commercial mortgage loans are reviewed on an ongoing basis, which review includes, but is not limited to, an analysis of the property financial statements and rent roll, lease rollover analysis, property inspections, market analysis, estimated valuations of the underlying collateral, LTV ratios, DSCR and tenant creditworthiness. The monitoring process focuses on higher risk loans, which include those that are classified as restructured, delinquent or in foreclosure, as well as loans with higher LTV ratios and lower DSCR. Agricultural mortgage loans are reviewed on an ongoing basis, which review includes, but is not limited to, property inspections, market analysis, estimated valuations of the underlying collateral, LTV ratios and borrower creditworthiness, as well as reviews on a geographic and property-type basis. The monitoring process for agricultural mortgage loans also focuses on higher risk loans.

For commercial mortgage loans, the primary credit quality indicator is the DSCR, which compares a property’s net operating income to amounts needed to service the principal and interest due under the loan. Generally, the lower the DSCR, the higher the risk of experiencing a credit loss. The Company also reviews the LTV ratio of its commercial mortgage loan portfolio. LTV ratios compare the unpaid principal balance of the loan to the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral. Generally, the higher the LTV ratio, the higher the risk of experiencing a credit loss. The DSCR and the values utilized in calculating the ratio are updated routinely. In addition, the LTV ratio is routinely updated for all but the lowest risk loans as part of the Company’s ongoing review of its commercial mortgage loan portfolio.

For agricultural mortgage loans, the Company’s primary credit quality indicator is the LTV ratio. The values utilized in calculating this ratio are developed in connection with the ongoing review of the agricultural mortgage loan portfolio and are routinely updated.

After commercial and agricultural mortgage loans are approved, the Company makes commitments to lend and, typically, borrowers draw down on some or all of the commitments. The timing of mortgage loan funding is based on the commitment expiration dates. A liability for credit loss for unfunded commercial and agricultural mortgage loan commitments that is not unconditionally cancellable is recognized in earnings and is reported within net investment gains (losses). The liability is based on estimated lifetime loss rates as described above and the amount of the outstanding commitments, which for lines of credit, considers estimated utilization rates. When the commitment is funded or expires, the liability is adjusted accordingly.

Residential Mortgage Loan Portfolio Segment

The Company’s residential mortgage loan portfolio is comprised primarily of purchased closed end, amortizing residential mortgage loans, including both performing loans purchased within 12 months of origination and reperforming loans purchased after they have been performing for at least 12 months post-modification. Residential mortgage loans are pooled by loan type (i.e., new origination and reperforming) and pooled by similar risk profiles (including consumer credit score and LTV ratios). Estimated lifetime loss rates, which vary by loan type and risk profile, are applied to the amortized cost of each loan excluding accrued investment income on a quarterly basis to develop the ACL. The estimated lifetime loss rates are based on several factors, including (i) industry historical experience and expected results over the forecast period for defaults, (ii) loss severity, (iii) prepayment rates, (iv) current and forecasted economic conditions including growth, inflation, interest rates and unemployment levels, and (v) loan pool specific characteristics including consumer credit scores, LTV ratios, payment history and home prices. These evaluations are revised as conditions change and new information becomes available. The Company uses industry historical experience which captures multiple economic cycles as the Company has purchased most of its residential mortgage loans in the last five years. The Company uses a forecast of economic assumptions for a two-year period for most of its residential mortgage loans. After the applicable forecast period, the Company reverts to industry historical loss experience using a straight-line basis over one year.

For residential mortgage loans, the Company’s primary credit quality indicator is whether the loan is performing or nonperforming. The Company generally defines nonperforming residential mortgage loans as those that are 60 or more days past due and/or in nonaccrual status which is assessed monthly. Generally, nonperforming residential mortgage loans have a higher risk of experiencing a credit loss.

43

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

9. Investments (continued)

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

The Company may modify mortgage loans to borrowers. Each mortgage loan modification is evaluated to determine whether the borrower was experiencing financial difficulties. Disclosed below are those modifications, in materially impacted mortgage segments, where the borrower was determined to be experiencing financial difficulties and the mortgage loans were modified by any of the following means: principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, other-than-insignificant payment delay or term extension. The amount, timing and extent of modifications granted and subsequent performance are considered in determining any ACL recorded.

These mortgage loan modifications are summarized as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024				2023
	Maturity Extension		Weighted Average Life Increase		Maturity Extension		Weighted Average Life Increase
	Amortized Cost		Affected Loans (in Years)	% of Book Value	Amortized Cost		Affected Loans (in Years)	% of Book Value
	(Dollars in millions)
Commercial	$	28	Less than one year	<1%	$	135	Less than One year	< 1%

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024				2023
	Maturity Extension		Weighted Average Life Increase		Maturity Extension		Weighted Average Life Increase
	Amortized Cost		Affected Loans (in Years)	% of Book Value	Amortized Cost		Affected Loans (in Years)	% of Book Value
	(Dollars in millions)
Commercial	$	167	Less than one year	<1%	$	315	Less than one year	< 1%

For the three months ended September 30, 2024 and for both the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, all commercial mortgage loans which were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties were current. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, commercial mortgage loans with an amortized cost of $171 million which were extended over the past 12 months became delinquent and foreclosed.

44

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

9. Investments (continued)

Credit Quality of Mortgage Loans by Portfolio Segment

The amortized cost of commercial mortgage loans by credit quality indicator and vintage year was as follows at September 30, 2024:

Credit Quality Indicator	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total		% of Total
	(Dollars in millions)
LTV ratios:
Less than 65%	$	1,095	$	1,627	$	1,192	$	1,663	$	841	$	9,131	$	2,398	$	17,947	50.3	%
65% to 75%	271		229		2,705		1,260		208		2,492		—		7,165		20.0
76% to 80%	—		—		391		178		210		1,669		—		2,448		6.9
Greater than 80%	35		57		683		887		901		5,587		—		8,150		22.8
Total	$	1,401	$	1,913	$	4,971	$	3,988	$	2,160	$	18,879	$	2,398	$	35,710	100.0	%
DSCR:
> 1.20x	$	1,295	$	1,297	$	4,122	$	3,588	$	1,990	$	15,736	$	2,398	$	30,426	85.2	%
1.00x - 1.20x	34		367		699		265		101		1,648		—		3,114		8.7
<1.00x	72		249		150		135		69		1,495		—		2,170		6.1
Total	$	1,401	$	1,913	$	4,971	$	3,988	$	2,160	$	18,879	$	2,398	$	35,710	100.0	%

The amortized cost of agricultural mortgage loans by credit quality indicator and vintage year was as follows at September 30, 2024:

Credit Quality Indicator	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total		% of Total
	(Dollars in millions)
LTV ratios:
Less than 65%	$	358	$	783	$	1,985	$	1,438	$	1,885	$	6,493	$	1,311	$	14,253	92.5	%
65% to 75%	6		51		38		210		117		501		104		1,027		6.7
76% to 80%	—		—		24		—		3		—		3		30		0.2
Greater than 80%	—		—		—		14		26		42		13		95		0.6
Total	$	364	$	834	$	2,047	$	1,662	$	2,031	$	7,036	$	1,431	$	15,405	100.0	%

The amortized cost of residential mortgage loans by credit quality indicator and vintage year was as follows at September 30, 2024:

Credit Quality Indicator	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total		% of Total
	(Dollars in millions)
Performance indicators:
Performing	$	471	$	322	$	1,824	$	1,051	$	149	$	6,275	$	—	$	10,092	96.9	%
Nonperforming (1)	1		9		57		10		6		238		—		321		3.1
Total	$	472	$	331	$	1,881	$	1,061	$	155	$	6,513	$	—	$	10,413	100.0	%

__________________

(1)Includes residential mortgage loans in process of foreclosure of $118 million and $134 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

45

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

9. Investments (continued)

Past Due and Nonaccrual Mortgage Loans

The Company has a high quality, well performing mortgage loan portfolio, with 99% of all mortgage loans classified as performing at both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company defines delinquency consistent with industry practice, when mortgage loans are past due more than two or more months, as applicable, by portfolio segment. The past due and nonaccrual mortgage loans at amortized cost, prior to ACL, by portfolio segment, were as follows:

	Past Due				Past Due and Still Accruing Interest				Nonaccrual
Portfolio Segment	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
Commercial	$	288	$	19	$	—	$	—	$	591	$	303
Agricultural	270		40		167		—		113		206
Residential	321		343		—		—		323		343
Total	$	879	$	402	$	167	$	—	$	1,027	$	852

Real Estate and REJV

The Company’s real estate investment portfolio is diversified by property type, geography and income stream, including income from operating leases, operating income and equity in earnings from equity method REJV. Real estate investments, by income type, as well as income earned, were as follows at and for the periods indicated:

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		Three Months   Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
					2024		2023		2024		2023
Income Type	Carrying Value				Income
	(In millions)
Wholly-owned real estate:
Leased real estate	$	1,644	$	1,594	$	42	$	41	$	118	$	124
Other real estate	527		506		74		70		194		199
REJV	6,810		6,590		4		(33)		(103)		(76)
Total real estate and REJV	$	8,981	$	8,690	$	120	$	78	$	209	$	247

The carrying value of wholly-owned real estate acquired through foreclosure was $264 million and $190 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Depreciation expense on real estate investments was $25 million and $69 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $18 million and $60 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Real estate investments were net of accumulated depreciation of $708 million and $638 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Leased Real Estate Investments - Operating Leases

The Company, as lessor, leases investment real estate, principally commercial real estate for office, apartment and retail use, through a variety of operating lease arrangements, which typically include tenant reimbursement for property operating costs and options to renew or extend the lease. In some circumstances, leases may include an option for the lessee to purchase the property. In addition, certain leases of retail space may stipulate that a portion of the income earned is contingent upon the level of the tenants’ revenues. The Company has elected a practical expedient of not separating non-lease components related to reimbursement of property operating costs from associated lease components. These property operating costs have the same timing and pattern of transfer as the related lease component, because they are incurred over the same period of time as the operating lease. Therefore, the combined component is accounted for as a single operating lease. Risk is managed through lessee credit analysis, property type diversification and geographic diversification.

See Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2023 Annual Report for a summary of leased real estate investments and income earned, by property type.

46

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

9. Investments (continued)

Other Invested Assets

Tax Equity Investments

The Company invests in certain tax equity investments, including low income housing tax credit partnerships and renewable energy partnerships. The carrying value of tax equity investments, reported in other invested assets on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheet, was $737 million and $1.0 billion at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Beginning January 1, 2024, tax equity investments that meet certain criteria are accounted for using the proportional amortization method, where the initial cost of the investment is amortized in proportion to the tax credits received and recognized as a component of income tax expense (benefit) in the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations. Investments which do not meet the qualification criteria for the proportional amortization method are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024, income tax credits and other income tax benefits of $37 million and $112 million, respectively, and amortized expense of $33 million and $100 million, respectively, were recognized net as a component of income tax expense in the Company’s interim condensed consolidated statement of operations.

FVO Securities and Equity Securities

The following table presents FVO securities and equity securities by asset type. FVO securities include fixed maturity and equity securities to support asset and liability management strategies for certain insurance products and investments in certain separate accounts.

	September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
	Cost		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) (1)		Estimated Fair Value		Cost		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) (1)		Estimated Fair Value
Asset Type
			(In millions)
FVO securities	$	305	$	549	$	854	$	379	$	367	$	746
Equity securities
Common stock (2)	$	115	$	30	$	145	$	118	$	45	$	163
Non-redeemable preferred stock	180		7		187		177		7		184
Total equity securities	$	295	$	37	$	332	$	295	$	52	$	347

__________________

(1)Represents cumulative changes in estimated fair value, recognized in earnings, and not in OCI.

(2)Includes common stock and certain mutual funds.

Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents, which includes securities and other investments with an original or remaining maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase, was $4.3 billion and $3.5 billion, principally at estimated fair value, at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

There were no investments in any counterparty that were greater than 10% of the Company’s equity, other than the U.S. government and its agencies, at both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

47

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

9. Investments (continued)

Securities Lending Transactions and Repurchase Agreements

Securities, Collateral and Reinvestment Portfolio

A summary of these transactions and agreements accounted for as secured borrowings were as follows:

	September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
	Securities (1)						Securities (1)
Agreement Type	Estimated Fair Value		Cash Collateral Received from Counterparties (2)		Reinvestment Portfolio at Estimated Fair Value		Estimated Fair Value		Cash Collateral Received from Counterparties (2)		Reinvestment Portfolio at Estimated Fair Value
	(In millions)
Securities lending	$	5,913	$	5,971	$	5,914	$	5,528	$	5,684	$	5,565
Repurchase agreements	$	3,010	$	2,975	$	2,895	$	3,029	$	2,975	$	2,913

__________________

(1)These securities were included within fixed maturity securities AFS at September 30, 2024 and within fixed maturity securities AFS and short term investments at December 31, 2023.

(2)The liability for cash collateral is included within payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions.

Contractual Maturities

Contractual maturities of these transactions and agreements accounted for as secured borrowings were as follows:

	September 30, 2024										December 31, 2023
	Remaining Maturities										Remaining Maturities
Security Type	Open (1)		1 Month or Less		Over 1  Month to 6 Months		Over 6  Months  to 1 Year		Total		Open (1)		1 Month or Less		Over 1 Month to 6 Months		Over 6 Months to 1 Year		Total
	(In millions)
Cash collateral liability by security type:
Securities lending:
U.S. government and agency	$	1,215	$	3,609	$	1,147	$	—	$	5,971	$	943	$	2,523	$	2,218	$	—	$	5,684
Repurchase agreements:
U.S. government and agency	$	—	$	2,975	$	—	$	—	$	2,975	$	—	$	2,975	$	—	$	—	$	2,975

__________________

(1)The related security could be returned to the Company on the next business day, which would require the Company to immediately return the cash collateral.

If the Company is required to return significant amounts of cash collateral on short notice and is forced to sell investments to meet the return obligation, it may have difficulty selling such collateral that is invested in a timely manner, be forced to sell investments in a volatile or illiquid market for less than what otherwise would have been realized under normal market conditions, or both.

The securities lending and repurchase agreement reinvestment portfolios consist principally of high quality, liquid, publicly traded fixed maturity securities AFS, short-term investments, cash equivalents or cash. If the securities in the reinvestment portfolio become less liquid, liquidity resources within the general account are available to meet any potential cash demands when securities are put back by the counterparty.

48

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

9. Investments (continued)

Invested Assets on Deposit and Pledged as Collateral

Invested assets on deposit and pledged as collateral are presented below at estimated fair value for all asset classes, except mortgage loans, which are presented at carrying value, and were as follows at:

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
Invested assets on deposit (regulatory deposits)	$	103	$	105
Invested assets pledged as collateral (1)	22,588		21,177
Total invested assets on deposit and pledged as collateral	$	22,691	$	21,282

__________________

(1)The Company has pledged invested assets in connection with various agreements and transactions, including funding agreements and secured debt (see Notes 4 and 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2023 Annual Report). For information regarding invested assets pledged in connection with derivative transactions, see Note 10.

See “— Securities Lending Transactions and Repurchase Agreements” for information regarding securities supporting securities lending transactions and repurchase agreements, and Note 8 for information regarding investments designated to the closed block. In addition, the Company’s investment in Federal Home Loan Bank of New York common stock, included within other invested assets, which is considered restricted until redeemed by the issuer, was $637 million, at redemption value, at both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Variable Interest Entities

The Company has invested in legal entities that are VIEs. In certain instances, the Company holds both the power to direct the most significant activities of the entity, as well as an economic interest in the entity and, as such, is deemed to be the primary beneficiary or consolidator of the entity. The determination of the VIE’s primary beneficiary requires an evaluation of the contractual and implied rights and obligations associated with each party’s relationship with or involvement in the entity.

Consolidated VIEs

Creditors or beneficial interest holders of VIEs where the Company is the primary beneficiary have no recourse to the general credit of the Company, as the Company’s obligation to the VIEs is limited to the amount of its committed investment.

The following table presents the total assets and total liabilities relating to investment-related VIEs for which the Company has concluded that it is the primary beneficiary and which are consolidated at:

	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
Asset Type	Total Assets		Total Liabilities		Total Assets		Total Liabilities
	(In millions)
REJV	$	1,776	$	3	$	1,427	$	—
Mortgage loan joint ventures	214		—		171		—
Renewable energy partnership (primarily other invested assets)	64		—		65		—
Investment funds (primarily other invested assets)	64		2		61		—
Total	$	2,118	$	5	$	1,724	$	—

49

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

9. Investments (continued)

Unconsolidated VIEs

The carrying amount and maximum exposure to loss relating to VIEs in which the Company holds a significant variable interest but is not the primary beneficiary and which have not been consolidated were as follows at:

	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
Asset Type	Carrying Amount		Maximum Exposure to Loss (1)		Carrying Amount		Maximum Exposure to Loss (1)
	(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities AFS (2)	$	37,574	$	37,574	$	35,370	$	35,370
Other limited partnership interests (“OLPI”)	6,641		8,435		7,319		9,452
Other invested assets	1,118		1,326		1,318		1,405
Other investments (REJV and mortgage loans)	104		267		104		267
Total	$	45,437	$	47,602	$	44,111	$	46,494

__________________

(1)The maximum exposure to loss relating to fixed maturity securities AFS and FVO securities is equal to their carrying amounts or the carrying amounts of retained interests. The maximum exposure to loss relating to OLPI, REJV and mortgage loans is equal to the carrying amounts plus any unrecognized unfunded commitments. For certain of its investments in other invested assets, the Company’s return is in the form of income tax credits which are guaranteed by creditworthy third parties. For such investments, the maximum exposure to loss is equal to the carrying amounts plus any unfunded commitments, reduced by income tax credits guaranteed by third parties. Such a maximum loss would be expected to occur only upon bankruptcy of the issuer or investee.

(2)For variable interests in Structured Products included within fixed maturity securities AFS, the Company’s involvement is limited to that of a passive investor in mortgage-backed or asset-backed securities issued by trusts that do not have substantial equity.

As described in Note 15, the Company makes commitments to fund partnership investments in the normal course of business. Excluding these commitments, the Company did not provide financial or other support to investees designated as VIEs for either the nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023.

50

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

9. Investments (continued)

Net Investment Income

The composition of net investment income by asset type was as follows:

	Three Months   Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Asset Type	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities AFS	$	1,908	$	1,897	$	5,586	$	5,640
Mortgage loans	813		841		2,464		2,460
Policy loans	73		75		214		223
Real estate and REJV	120		78		209		247
OLPI	26		102		358		194
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments	102		95		280		268
FVO securities	46		(23)		141		73
Operating joint venture	84		(1)		113		20
Equity securities	1		2		7		7
Other	90		122		295		247
Subtotal investment income	3,263		3,188		9,667		9,379
Less: Investment expenses	343		324		987		957
Net investment income	$	2,920	$	2,864	$	8,680	$	8,422
Net Investment Income Information
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) recognized in net investment income:
Net realized gains (losses) from sales and disposals	$	—	$	—	$	(15)	$	—
Net unrealized gains (losses) from changes in estimated fair value (primarily FVO securities and REJV)	60		(10)		200		124
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) recognized in net investment income	$	60	$	(10)	$	185	$	124
Changes in estimated fair value subsequent to purchase of FVO securities still held at the end of the respective periods and recognized in net investment income	$	45	$	(25)	$	153	$	68
Equity method investments net investment income (primarily REJV, OLPI, tax credit and renewable energy partnerships and an operating joint venture)	$	130	$	42	$	414	$	69

51

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

9. Investments (continued)

Net Investment Gains (Losses)

Net Investment Gains (Losses) by Asset Type and Transaction Type

The composition of net investment gains (losses) by asset type and transaction type was as follows:

		Three Months   Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Asset Type		2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities AFS		$	(169)	$	(460)	$	(386)	$	(1,154)
Equity securities		(22)		(1)		(13)		1
Mortgage loans		(88)		—		(143)		(116)
Real estate and REJV (excluding changes in estimated fair value)		121		—		160		64
OLPI (excluding changes in estimated fair value) (1)		4		—		(43)		9
Other gains (losses)		9		(20)		7		(6)
Subtotal		(145)		(481)		(418)		(1,202)
Change in estimated fair value of OLPI and REJV		(1)		(3)		4		(7)
Non-investment portfolio gains (losses)		(35)		22		(9)		(14)
Subtotal		(36)		19		(5)		(21)
Net investment gains (losses)		$	(181)	$	(462)	$	(423)	$	(1,223)
Transaction Type
Realized gains (losses) on investments sold or disposed (1)		$	(5)	$	(202)	$	(304)	$	(122)
Impairment (losses)		—		(304)		—		(994)
Recognized gains (losses):
Change in ACL recognized in earnings		(112)		26		(98)		(89)
Unrealized net gains (losses) recognized in earnings		(29)		(4)		(12)		(4)
Total recognized gains (losses)		(141)		22		(110)		(93)
Non-investment portfolio gains (losses)		(35)		22		(9)		(14)
Net investment gains (losses)		$	(181)	$	(462)	$	(423)	$	(1,223)
Net Investment Gains (Losses) Information
Changes in estimated fair value subsequent to purchase of equity securities still held at the end of the respective periods and recognized in net investment gains (losses)		$	(23)	$	(1)	$	(9)	$	3
Other gains (losses) include:
Gains (losses) on disposed investments which were previously in a qualified cash flow hedging relationship		$	—	$	3	$	3	$	(22)
Foreign currency gains (losses)		$	(24)	$	26	$	(16)	$	(25)
Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses) From Sales and Disposals of Investments:
Recognized in net investment gains (losses)		$	(5)	$	(202)	$	(304)	$	(122)
Recognized in net investment income		—		—		(15)		—
Net realized investment gains (losses) from sales and disposals of investments		$	(5)	$	(202)	$	(319)	$	(122)

__________________

52

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

9. Investments (continued)

(1)    Includes a net loss of $38 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 for private equity investments sold. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company sold $638 million in portfolios of investments to a fund for proceeds of $600 million in cash and receivables secured by the value of the fund. An affiliate has entered into an agreement to serve as the investment manager of the fund for which it will receive a management fee.

Fixed Maturity Securities AFS and Equity Securities – Composition of Net Investment Gains (Losses)

The composition of net investment gains (losses) for these securities is as follows:

	Three Months   Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Fixed Maturity Securities AFS	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In millions)
Proceeds	$	3,723	$	4,728	$	11,508	$	16,441
Gross investment gains	$	37	$	32	$	152	$	298
Gross investment (losses)	(170)		(209)		(558)		(471)
Realized gains (losses) on sales and disposals	(133)		(177)		(406)		(173)
Net credit loss (provision) release (change in ACL recognized in earnings)	(36)		15		20		(16)
Impairment (losses)	—		(298)		—		(965)
Net credit loss (provision) release and impairment (losses)	(36)		(283)		20		(981)
Net investment gains (losses)	$	(169)	$	(460)	$	(386)	$	(1,154)
Equity Securities
Realized gains (losses) on sales and disposals	$	4	$	—	$	2	$	(2)
Unrealized net gains (losses) recognized in earnings	(26)		(1)		(15)		3
Net investment gains (losses)	$	(22)	$	(1)	$	(13)	$	1

Related Party Investment Transactions

The Company transfers invested assets primarily consisting of fixed maturity securities AFS, mortgage loans, and real estate and REJV to and from affiliates. Invested assets transferred to and from affiliates were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In millions)
Estimated fair value of invested assets transferred to affiliates	$	105	$	141	$	245	$	145
Amortized cost of invested assets transferred to affiliates	$	118	$	151	$	255	$	155
Net investment gains (losses) recognized on transfers	$	(13)	$	(10)	$	(10)	$	(10)
Estimated fair value of invested assets transferred from affiliates	$	—	$	18	$	4	$	1,178

Recurring related party investments and related net investment income were as follows at and for the periods ended:

		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		Three Months   Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
						2024		2023		2024		2023
Investment Type/ Balance Sheet Category	Related Party	Carrying Value				Net Investment Income
		(In millions)
Affiliated investments (1)	MetLife, Inc.	$	1,113	$	1,130	$	5	$	5	$	14	$	15
Affiliated investments (2)	Metropolitan General Insurance Company	155		150		—		—		—		—
Other invested assets		$	1,268	$	1,280	$	5	$	5	$	14	$	15

________________

(1)Represents an investment in affiliated senior unsecured notes which have maturity dates from July 2026 to December 2031 and bear interest, payable semi-annually, at rates per annum ranging from 1.61% to 2.16%. See Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2023 Annual Report for further information.

(2)Represents an investment in affiliated preferred stock with a dividend yield of 7.50% that will be cumulative and payable annually in arrears. The shares can be redeemed, at MetLife General Insurance Company’s option, after December 15, 2028.

The Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into an agreement to assume certain group annuity contracts issued in connection with a qualifying pension risk transfer on a modified coinsurance basis from Metropolitan Tower Life Insurance Company (“MTL”). In accordance with this reinsurance agreement, the Company reported affiliated funds withheld within other invested assets of $2.8 billion for both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The Company incurred investment advisory charges from an affiliate of $77 million and $230 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $70 million and $207 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

See “— Variable Interest Entities” for information on investments in affiliated REJV and affiliated mortgage loan joint ventures.

10. Derivatives

Accounting for Derivatives

See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2023 Annual Report for a description of the Company’s accounting policies for derivatives and Note 11 for information about the fair value hierarchy for derivatives.

Derivative Strategies

Types of Derivative Instruments and Derivative Strategies

The Company is exposed to various risks relating to its ongoing business operations, including interest rate, foreign currency exchange rate, credit and equity market. The Company uses a variety of strategies to manage these risks, including the use of derivatives. Commonly used derivative instruments include, but are not limited to:    

•Interest rate derivatives: swaps, total return swaps, caps, floors, futures, swaptions, forwards and synthetic GICs;

•Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives: swaps and forwards;

•Credit derivatives: purchased or written single name or index credit default swaps, and forwards; and

•Equity derivatives: index options, variance swaps, exchange-traded futures and total return swaps.        

For detailed information on these contracts and the related strategies, see Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2023 Annual Report.

53

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

10. Derivatives (continued)

Primary Risks Managed by Derivatives

The following table presents the primary underlying risk exposure, gross notional amount, and estimated fair value of the Company’s derivatives, excluding embedded derivatives, held at:

		September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
	Primary Underlying Risk Exposure	Gross Notional Amount		Estimated Fair Value				Gross Notional Amount		Estimated Fair Value
				Assets		Liabilities				Assets		Liabilities
		(In millions)
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Fair value hedges:
Interest rate swaps	Interest rate	$	4,800	$	1,134	$	526	$	4,443	$	1,257	$	508
Foreign currency swaps	Foreign currency exchange rate	1,648		42		6		1,459		55		1
Subtotal		6,448		1,176		532		5,902		1,312		509
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate swaps	Interest rate	3,788		—		246		3,789		1		246
Interest rate forwards	Interest rate	—		—		—		970		—		175
Foreign currency swaps	Foreign currency exchange rate	32,692		2,051		883		30,342		1,977		846
Subtotal		36,480		2,051		1,129		35,101		1,978		1,267
Total qualifying hedges		42,928		3,227		1,661		41,003		3,290		1,776
Derivatives Not Designated or Not Qualifying as Hedging Instruments:
Interest rate swaps	Interest rate	15,551		1,648		595		15,516		1,476		638
Interest rate floors	Interest rate	8,078		40		—		13,921		39		—
Interest rate caps	Interest rate	26,720		126		—		28,890		355		—
Interest rate futures	Interest rate	78		—		—		25		—		—
Interest rate options	Interest rate	38,683		252		22		39,226		361		27
Synthetic GICs	Interest rate	6,105		—		—		6,145		—		—
Foreign currency swaps	Foreign currency exchange rate	4,241		347		69		4,304		446		24
Foreign currency forwards	Foreign currency exchange rate	1,203		2		6		1,176		8		10
Credit default swaps — purchased	Credit	738		4		3		809		3		7
Credit default swaps — written	Credit	10,407		211		2		10,007		186		4
Equity futures	Equity market	653		—		2		941		3		—
Equity index options	Equity market	12,613		200		200		17,703		339		193
Equity total return swaps	Equity market	2,302		—		90		1,912		—		218
Total non-designated or nonqualifying derivatives		127,372		2,830		989		140,575		3,216		1,121
Total		$	170,300	$	6,057	$	2,650	$	181,578	$	6,506	$	2,897

Based on gross notional amounts, a substantial portion of the Company’s derivatives was not designated or did not qualify as part of a hedging relationship at both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company’s use of derivatives includes (i) derivatives that serve as macro hedges of the Company’s exposure to various risks and that generally do not qualify for hedge accounting due to the criteria required under the portfolio hedging rules, (ii) derivatives that economically hedge insurance liabilities that contain mortality or morbidity risk and that generally do not qualify for hedge accounting because the lack of these risks in the derivatives cannot support an expectation of a highly effective hedging relationship, (iii) derivatives that economically hedge MRBs that do not qualify for hedge accounting because the changes in estimated fair value of the MRBs are already recorded in net income, and (iv) written credit default swaps and interest rate swaps that are used to synthetically create investments and that do not qualify for hedge accounting because they do not involve a hedging relationship. For these nonqualified derivatives, changes in market factors can lead to the recognition of fair value changes on the statement of operations without an offsetting gain or loss recognized in earnings for the item being hedged.

54

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

10. Derivatives (continued)

The Effects of Derivatives on the Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents the interim condensed consolidated financial statement location and amount of gain (loss) recognized on fair value, cash flow, nonqualifying hedging relationships and embedded derivatives:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Net Investment Income		Net Investment Gains (Losses)		Net Derivative Gains (Losses)		Policyholder Benefits and Claims		Interest Credited to PABs		OCI
	(In millions)
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedges:
Interest rate derivatives:
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments (1)	$	—	$	—	N/A		$	185	$	86	N/A
Hedged items	—		—		N/A		(191)		(87)		N/A
Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives:
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments (1)	(22)		—		N/A		—		32		N/A
Hedged items	22		—		N/A		—		(34)		N/A
Subtotal	—		—		N/A		(6)		(3)		N/A
Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges:
Interest rate derivatives: (1)
Amount of gains (losses) deferred in AOCI	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		$	172
Amount of gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into income	4		1		—		—		—		(5)
Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives: (1)
Amount of gains (losses) deferred in AOCI	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		(125)
Amount of gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into income	1		508		—		—		—		(509)
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses) on hedged items	—		(491)		—		—		—		—
Credit derivatives: (1)
Amount of gains (losses) deferred in AOCI	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		—
Amount of gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into income	—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	5		18		—		—		—		(467)
Gain (Loss) on Derivatives Not Designated or Not Qualifying as Hedging Instruments:
Interest rate derivatives (1)	—		N/A		127		N/A		N/A		N/A
Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives (1)	—		N/A		(188)		N/A		N/A		N/A
Credit derivatives — purchased (1)	—		N/A		(3)		N/A		N/A		N/A
Credit derivatives — written (1)	—		N/A		25		N/A		N/A		N/A
Equity derivatives (1)	(10)		N/A		(150)		N/A		N/A		N/A
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses) on hedged items	—		N/A		93		N/A		N/A		N/A
Subtotal	(10)		N/A		(96)		N/A		N/A		N/A
Earned income on derivatives	34		—		91		(5)		(35)		—
Synthetic GICs	N/A		N/A		2		N/A		N/A		N/A
Embedded derivatives	N/A		N/A		(379)		N/A		N/A		N/A
Total	$	29	$	18	$	(382)	$	(11)	$	(38)	$	(467)

        

55

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

10. Derivatives (continued)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Net Investment Income		Net Investment Gains (Losses)		Net Derivative Gains (Losses)		Policyholder Benefits and Claims		Interest Credited to PABs		OCI
	(In millions)
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedges:
Interest rate derivatives:
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments (1)	$	(2)	$	—	N/A		$	(230)	$	(50)	N/A
Hedged items	3		—		N/A		223		49		N/A
Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives:
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments (1)	12		—		N/A		—		(27)		N/A
Hedged items	(11)		—		N/A		—		26		N/A
Subtotal	2		—		N/A		(7)		(2)		N/A
Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges:
Interest rate derivatives: (1)
Amount of gains (losses) deferred in AOCI	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		$	(415)
Amount of gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into income	11		17		—		—		—		(28)
Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives: (1)
Amount of gains (losses) deferred in AOCI	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		(131)
Amount of gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into income	1		(265)		—		—		—		264
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses) on hedged items	—		255		—		—		—		—
Credit derivatives: (1)
Amount of gains (losses) deferred in AOCI	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		—
Amount of gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into income	—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	12		7		—		—		—		(310)
Gain (Loss) on Derivatives Not Designated or Not Qualifying as Hedging Instruments:
Interest rate derivatives (1)	—		N/A		(531)		N/A		N/A		N/A
Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives (1)	—		N/A		63		N/A		N/A		N/A
Credit derivatives — purchased (1)	—		N/A		6		N/A		N/A		N/A
Credit derivatives — written (1)	—		N/A		(23)		N/A		N/A		N/A
Equity derivatives (1)	8		N/A		129		N/A		N/A		N/A
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses) on hedged items	—		N/A		(59)		N/A		N/A		N/A
Subtotal	8		N/A		(415)		N/A		N/A		N/A
Earned income on derivatives	81		—		192		(3)		(41)		—
Synthetic GICs	N/A		N/A		4		N/A		N/A		N/A
Embedded derivatives	N/A		N/A		525		N/A		N/A		N/A
Total	$	103	$	7	$	306	$	(10)	$	(43)	$	(310)

56

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

10. Derivatives (continued)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Net Investment Income		Net Investment Gains (Losses)		Net Derivative Gains (Losses)		Policyholder Benefits and Claims		Interest Credited to PABs		OCI
	(In millions)
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedges:
Interest rate derivatives:
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments (1)	$	—	$	—	N/A		$	35	$	33	N/A
Hedged items	—		—		N/A		(54)		(37)		N/A
Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives:
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments (1)	(20)		—		N/A		—		1		N/A
Hedged items	22		—		N/A		—		1		N/A
Subtotal	2		—		N/A		(19)		(2)		N/A
Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges:
Interest rate derivatives: (1)
Amount of gains (losses) deferred in AOCI	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		$	(43)
Amount of gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into income	18		3		—		—		—		(21)
Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives: (1)
Amount of gains (losses) deferred in AOCI	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		82
Amount of gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into income	3		333		—		—		—		(336)
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses) on hedged items	—		(327)		—		—		—		—
Credit derivatives: (1)
Amount of gains (losses) deferred in AOCI	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		—
Amount of gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into income	—		1		—		—		—		(1)
Subtotal	21		10		—		—		—		(319)
Gain (Loss) on Derivatives Not Designated or Not Qualifying as Hedging Instruments:
Interest rate derivatives (1)	—		N/A		(151)		N/A		N/A		N/A
Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives (1)	—		N/A		(107)		N/A		N/A		N/A
Credit derivatives — purchased (1)	—		N/A		2		N/A		N/A		N/A
Credit derivatives — written (1)	—		N/A		34		N/A		N/A		N/A
Equity derivatives (1)	(46)		N/A		(517)		N/A		N/A		N/A
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses) on hedged items	—		N/A		42		N/A		N/A		N/A
Subtotal	(46)		N/A		(697)		N/A		N/A		N/A
Earned income on derivatives	117		—		336		(11)		(126)		—
Synthetic GICs	N/A		N/A		7		N/A		N/A		N/A
Embedded derivatives	N/A		N/A		(24)		N/A		N/A		N/A
Total	$	94	$	10	$	(378)	$	(30)	$	(128)	$	(319)

57

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

10. Derivatives (continued)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Net Investment Income		Net Investment Gains (Losses)		Net Derivative Gains (Losses)		Policyholder Benefits and Claims		Interest Credited to PABs		OCI
	(In millions)
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedges:
Interest rate derivatives:
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments (1)	$	(3)	$	—	N/A		$	(239)	$	(50)	N/A
Hedged items	3		—		N/A		218		48		N/A
Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives:
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments (1)	(10)		—		N/A		—		(14)		N/A
Hedged items	10		—		N/A		—		15		N/A
Subtotal	—		—		N/A		(21)		(1)		N/A
Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedges:
Interest rate derivatives: (1)
Amount of gains (losses) deferred in AOCI	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		$	(371)
Amount of gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into income	38		74		—		—		—		(112)
Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives: (1)
Amount of gains (losses) deferred in AOCI	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		(116)
Amount of gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into income	3		174		—		—		—		(177)
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses) on hedged items	—		(162)		—		—		—
Credit derivatives: (1)
Amount of gains (losses) deferred in AOCI	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		(1)
Amount of gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into income	—		—		—		—		—		—
Subtotal	41		86		—		—		—		(777)
Gain (Loss) on Derivatives Not Designated or Not Qualifying as Hedging Instruments:
Interest rate derivatives (1)	—		N/A		(928)		N/A		N/A		N/A
Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives (1)	—		N/A		(76)		N/A		N/A		N/A
Credit derivatives — purchased (1)	—		N/A		(11)		N/A		N/A		N/A
Credit derivatives — written (1)	—		N/A		43		N/A		N/A		N/A
Equity derivatives (1)	(34)		N/A		(622)		N/A		N/A		N/A
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses) on hedged items	—		N/A		12		N/A		N/A		N/A
Subtotal	(34)		N/A		(1,582)		N/A		N/A		N/A
Earned income on derivatives	163		—		626		5		(108)		—
Synthetic GICs	N/A		N/A		13		N/A		N/A		N/A
Embedded derivatives	N/A		N/A		457		N/A		N/A		N/A
Total	$	170	$	86	$	(486)	$	(16)	$	(109)	$	(777)

__________________

(1)Excludes earned income on derivatives.

Fair Value Hedges

The Company designates and accounts for the following as fair value hedges when they have met the requirements of fair value hedging: (i) interest rate swaps to convert fixed rate assets and liabilities to floating rate assets and liabilities, and (ii) foreign currency swaps to hedge the foreign currency fair value exposure of foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities.

58

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

10. Derivatives (continued)

The following table presents the balance sheet classification, carrying amount and cumulative fair value hedging adjustments for items designated and qualifying as hedged items in fair value hedges:

Balance Sheet Line Item	Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)				Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments Included in the Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets/(Liabilities) (1)
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities AFS	$	126	$	120	$	—	$	1
Mortgage loans	$	237	$	345	$	(2)	$	(10)
FPBs	$	(2,750)	$	(2,863)	$	151	$	191
PABs	$	(2,378)	$	(1,844)	$	21	$	2

__________________

(1)Includes ($96) million and ($113) million of hedging adjustments on discontinued hedging relationships at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

All components of each derivative’s gain or loss were included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.

Cash Flow Hedges

The Company designates and accounts for the following as cash flow hedges when they have met the requirements of cash flow hedging: (i) interest rate swaps to convert floating rate assets and liabilities to fixed rate assets and liabilities, (ii) foreign currency swaps to hedge the foreign currency cash flow exposure of foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, (iii) interest rate forwards and credit forwards to lock in the price to be paid for forward purchases of investments, and (iv) interest rate swaps and interest rate forwards to hedge the forecasted purchases of fixed-rate investments.

In certain instances, the Company discontinued cash flow hedge accounting because the forecasted transactions were no longer probable of occurring. Because certain of the forecasted transactions also were not probable of occurring within two months of the anticipated date, the Company reclassified amounts from AOCI into income. These amounts were $8 million and $10 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and $1 million and $21 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

At both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the maximum length of time over which the Company was hedging its exposure to variability in future cash flows for forecasted transactions did not exceed five years.

At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balance in AOCI associated with cash flow hedges was $575 million and $894 million, respectively.

All components of each derivative’s gain or loss were included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.

At September 30, 2024, the Company expected to reclassify $160 million of deferred net gains (losses) on derivatives in AOCI to earnings within the next 12 months.

Credit Derivatives

In connection with synthetically created credit investment transactions, the Company writes credit default swaps for which it receives a premium to insure credit risk. Such credit derivatives are included within the effects of derivatives on the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) table. If a credit event occurs, as defined by the contract, the contract may be cash settled or it may be settled gross by the Company paying the counterparty the specified swap notional amount in exchange for the delivery of par quantities of the referenced credit obligation. The Company can terminate these contracts at any time through cash settlement with the counterparty at an amount equal to the then current estimated fair value of the credit default swaps.

59

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

10. Derivatives (continued)

The following table presents the estimated fair value, maximum amount of future payments and weighted average years to maturity of written credit default swaps at:

	September 30, 2024					December 31, 2023
Rating Agency Designation of Referenced Credit Obligations (1)	Estimated Fair Value of Credit Default Swaps		Maximum Amount of Future Payments under Credit Default Swaps		Weighted Average Years to Maturity (2)	Estimated Fair Value of Credit Default Swaps		Maximum Amount of Future Payments under Credit Default Swaps		Weighted Average Years to Maturity (2)
	(Dollars in millions)
Aaa/Aa/A
Single name credit default swaps (3)	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	10	0.5
Credit default swaps referencing indices	82		4,261		2.4	80		3,831		2.7
Subtotal	82		4,261		2.4	80		3,841		2.7
Baa
Single name credit default swaps (3)	1		55		1.5	1		55		2.3
Credit default swaps referencing indices	119		5,962		5.2	102		5,982		5.6
Subtotal	120		6,017		5.2	103		6,037		5.5
Ba
Credit default swaps referencing indices	2		25		2.2	2		25		3.0
Subtotal	2		25		2.2	2		25		3.0
B
Credit default swaps referencing indices	6		89		3.7	1		74		5.0
Subtotal	6		89		3.7	1		74		5.0
Caa
Credit default swaps referencing indices	(1)		15		2.2	(4)		30		2.5
Subtotal	(1)		15		2.2	(4)		30		2.5
Total	$	209	$	10,407	4.0	$	182	$	10,007	4.4

__________________

(1)The rating agency designations are based on availability and the midpoint of the applicable ratings among Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”), S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) and Fitch Ratings. If no rating is available from a rating agency, then an internally developed rating is used.

(2)The weighted average years to maturity of the credit default swaps is calculated based on weighted average gross notional amounts.

(3)Single name credit default swaps may be referenced to the credit of corporations, foreign governments, or municipals.

Credit Risk on Freestanding Derivatives

The Company may be exposed to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by its counterparties to derivatives. Generally, the current credit exposure of the Company’s derivatives is limited to the net positive estimated fair value of derivatives at the reporting date after taking into consideration the existence of master netting or similar agreements and any collateral received pursuant to such agreements.

60

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

10. Derivatives (continued)

The Company manages its credit risk related to derivatives by entering into transactions with creditworthy counterparties in jurisdictions in which it understands that close-out netting should be enforceable and establishing and monitoring exposure limits. The Company’s bilateral contracts between two counterparties (“OTC-bilateral”) derivative transactions are governed by International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. (“ISDA”) Master Agreements which provide for legally enforceable set-off and close-out netting of exposures to specific counterparties in the event of early termination of a transaction, which includes, but is not limited to, events of default and bankruptcy. In the event of an early termination, close-out netting permits the Company (subject to financial regulations such as the Orderly Liquidation Authority under Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act) to set off receivables from the counterparty against payables to the same counterparty arising out of all included transactions and to apply collateral to the obligations without application of the automatic stay, upon the counterparty’s bankruptcy. All of the Company’s ISDA Master Agreements also include Credit Support Annex provisions which require both the pledging and accepting of collateral in connection with its OTC-bilateral derivatives as required by applicable law. Additionally, the Company is required to pledge initial margin for certain new OTC-bilateral derivative transactions to third party custodians.

The Company’s over-the-counter cleared (“OTC-cleared”) derivatives are effected through central clearing counterparties and its exchange-traded derivatives are effected through regulated exchanges. Such positions are marked to market and margined on a daily basis (both initial margin and variation margin), and the Company has minimal exposure to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by brokers and central clearinghouses to such derivatives.

See Note 11 for a description of the impact of credit risk on the valuation of derivatives.

The estimated fair values of the Company’s net derivative assets and net derivative liabilities after the application of master netting agreements and collateral were as follows at:

	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
Derivatives Subject to a Master Netting Arrangement or a Similar Arrangement	Assets		Liabilities		Assets		Liabilities
	(In millions)
Gross estimated fair value of derivatives:
OTC-bilateral (1)	$	6,042	$	2,611	$	6,534	$	2,892
OTC-cleared (1)	133		11		112		13
Exchange-traded	—		2		3		—
Total gross estimated fair value of derivatives presented on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets (1)	6,175		2,624		6,649		2,905
Gross amounts not offset on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets:
Gross estimated fair value of derivatives: (2)
OTC-bilateral	(2,015)		(2,015)		(2,350)		(2,350)
OTC-cleared	(1)		(1)		(4)		(4)
Exchange-traded	—		—		—		—
Cash collateral: (3), (4)
OTC-bilateral	(2,157)		—		(2,872)		—
OTC-cleared	(127)		—		(105)		(1)
Securities collateral: (5)
OTC-bilateral	(1,864)		(589)		(1,283)		(542)
OTC-cleared	—		(10)		—		(8)
Exchange-traded	—		(2)		—		—
Net amount after application of master netting agreements and collateral	$	11	$	7	$	35	$	—

__________________

(1)At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, derivative assets included income (expense) accruals reported in accrued investment income or in other liabilities of $118 million and $143 million, respectively, and derivative liabilities included (income) expense accruals reported in accrued investment income or in other liabilities of ($26) million and $8 million, respectively.

61

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

10. Derivatives (continued)

(2)Estimated fair value of derivatives is limited to the amount that is subject to set-off and includes income or expense accruals.

(3)Cash collateral received by the Company for OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives, where the central clearinghouse treats variation margin as collateral, is included in cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments or in fixed maturity securities AFS, and the obligation to return it is included in payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions on the balance sheet.

(4)The receivable for the return of cash collateral provided by the Company is inclusive of initial margin on exchange-traded and OTC-cleared derivatives and is included in premiums, reinsurance and other receivables on the balance sheet. The amount of cash collateral offset in the table above is limited to the net estimated fair value of derivatives after application of netting agreements. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company received excess cash collateral of $12 million and $154 million, respectively, and provided excess cash collateral of $4 million at both periods, which are not included in the table above due to the foregoing limitation.

(5)Securities collateral received by the Company is held in separate custodial accounts and is not recorded on the balance sheet. Subject to certain constraints, the Company is permitted by contract to sell or re-pledge this collateral, but at September 30, 2024, none of the collateral had been sold or re-pledged. Securities collateral pledged by the Company is reported in fixed maturity securities AFS on the balance sheet. Subject to certain constraints, the counterparties are permitted by contract to sell or re-pledge this collateral. The amount of securities collateral offset in the table above is limited to the net estimated fair value of derivatives after application of netting agreements and cash collateral. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company received excess securities collateral with an estimated fair value of $411 million and $286 million, respectively, for its OTC-bilateral derivatives, which are not included in the table above due to the foregoing limitation. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company provided excess securities collateral with an estimated fair value of $1.1 billion, at both periods, for its OTC-bilateral derivatives, $438 million and $495 million, respectively, for its OTC-cleared derivatives, and $28 million and $56 million, respectively, for its exchange-traded derivatives, which are not included in the table above due to the foregoing limitation.

The Company’s collateral arrangements for its OTC-bilateral derivatives generally require the counterparty in a net liability position, after considering the effect of netting agreements, to pledge collateral when the collateral amount owed by that counterparty reaches a minimum transfer amount. All of the Company’s netting agreements for derivatives contain provisions that require both Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and the counterparty to maintain a specific investment grade financial strength or credit rating from each of Moody’s and S&P. If a party’s financial strength or credit rating were to fall below that specific investment grade financial strength or credit rating, that party would be in violation of these provisions, and the other party to the derivatives could terminate the transactions and demand immediate settlement payment based on such party’s reasonable valuation of the derivatives.

The following table presents the estimated fair value of the Company’s OTC-bilateral derivatives that were in a net liability position after considering the effect of netting agreements, together with the estimated fair value and balance sheet location of the collateral pledged.

	September 30, 2024						December 31, 2023
	Derivatives Subject to Financial Strength-Contingent Provisions		Derivatives Not Subject to Financial Strength-Contingent Provisions		Total		Derivatives Subject to Financial Strength-Contingent Provisions		Derivatives Not Subject to Financial Strength-Contingent Provisions		Total
	(In millions)
Estimated fair value of derivatives in a net liability position (1)	$	592	$	4	$	596	$	542	$	—	$	542
Estimated fair value of collateral provided:
Fixed maturity securities AFS	$	1,010	$	3	$	1,013	$	896	$	—	$	896

__________________

(1)After taking into consideration the existence of netting agreements.

62

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

10. Derivatives (continued)

Embedded Derivatives

The Company issues certain products or purchases certain investments that contain embedded derivatives that are required to be separated from their host contracts and accounted for as freestanding derivatives.

The following table presents the estimated fair value and balance sheet location of the Company’s embedded derivatives that have been separated from their host contracts at:

	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
		(In millions)
Embedded derivatives within asset host contracts:
Assumed on affiliated reinsurance	Other invested assets	$	24	$	41
Funds withheld on affiliated reinsurance	Other invested assets	154		(26)
Total		$	178	$	15
Embedded derivatives within liability host contracts:
Assumed on affiliated reinsurance	Other liabilities	$	181	$	104
Funds withheld on affiliated reinsurance	Other liabilities	(198)		(304)
Fixed annuities with equity indexed returns	PABs	172		163
Total		$	155	$	(37)

63

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

11. Fair Value

Considerable judgment is often required in interpreting the market data used to develop estimates of fair value, and the use of different assumptions or valuation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis and their corresponding placement in the fair value hierarchy, including those items for which the Company has elected the FVO, are presented below at:

	September 30, 2024
	Fair Value Hierarchy
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total  Estimated Fair Value
	(In millions)
Assets
Fixed maturity securities AFS:
U.S. corporate	$	—	$	42,213	$	8,626	$	50,839
Foreign corporate	—		16,823		8,940		25,763
U.S. government and agency	10,113		12,498		—		22,611
RMBS	—		20,579		1,292		21,871
ABS & CLO	—		9,718		1,666		11,384
Municipals	—		5,522		—		5,522
CMBS	—		4,994		536		5,530
Foreign government	—		3,122		11		3,133
Total fixed maturity securities AFS	10,113		115,469		21,071		146,653
Short-term investments	2,177		193		—		2,370
Other investments	45		74		1,509		1,628
Derivative assets: (1)
Interest rate	—		3,200		—		3,200
Foreign currency exchange rate	—		2,442		—		2,442
Credit	—		215		—		215
Equity market	—		196		4		200
Total derivative assets	—		6,053		4		6,057
Embedded derivatives within asset host contracts (4)	—		—		178		178
MRBs	—		—		192		192
Separate account assets (2)	13,674		68,062		874		82,610
Total assets (3)	$	26,009	$	189,851	$	23,828	$	239,688
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities: (1)
Interest rate	$	—	$	1,389	$	—	$	1,389
Foreign currency exchange rate	—		964		—		964
Credit	—		5		—		5
Equity market	2		290		—		292
Total derivative liabilities	2		2,648		—		2,650
Embedded derivatives within liability host contracts (4)	—		—		155		155
MRBs	—		—		2,847		2,847
Separate account liabilities (2)	—		5		—		5
Total liabilities	$	2	$	2,653	$	3,002	$	5,657

64

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

11. Fair Value (continued)

	December 31, 2023
	Fair Value Hierarchy
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Estimated Fair Value
	(In millions)
Assets
Fixed maturity securities AFS:
U.S. corporate	$	—	$	41,718	$	8,775	$	50,493
Foreign corporate	—		16,875		8,340		25,215
U.S. government and agency	8,963		12,097		—		21,060
RMBS	3		17,616		1,329		18,948
ABS & CLO	—		10,109		1,532		11,641
Municipals	—		6,319		—		6,319
CMBS	—		5,499		335		5,834
Foreign government	—		3,281		14		3,295
Total fixed maturity securities AFS	8,966		113,514		20,325		142,805
Short-term investments	2,745		288		15		3,048
Other investments	76		77		1,317		1,470
Derivative assets: (1)
Interest rate	—		3,489		—		3,489
Foreign currency exchange rate	—		2,486		—		2,486
Credit	—		181		8		189
Equity market	3		332		7		342
Total derivative assets	3		6,488		15		6,506
Embedded derivatives within asset host contracts (4)	—		—		15		15
MRBs	—		—		177		177
Separate account assets (2)	13,945		68,284		968		83,197
Total assets (3)	$	25,735	$	188,651	$	22,832	$	237,218
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities: (1)
Interest rate	$	—	$	1,419	$	175	$	1,594
Foreign currency exchange rate	—		881		—		881
Credit	—		11		—		11
Equity market	—		411		—		411
Total derivative liabilities	—		2,722		175		2,897
Embedded derivatives within liability host contracts (4)	—		—		(37)		(37)
MRBs	—		—		2,878		2,878
Separate account liabilities (2)	4		4		—		8
Total liabilities	$	4	$	2,726	$	3,016	$	5,746

__________________

(1)Derivative assets are presented within other invested assets on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets and derivative liabilities are presented within other liabilities on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The amounts are presented gross in the tables above to reflect the presentation on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets, but are presented net for purposes of the rollforward in the Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) tables.

(2)Investment performance related to separate account assets is fully offset by corresponding amounts credited to contractholders whose liability is reflected within separate account liabilities. Separate account liabilities are set equal to the estimated fair value of separate account assets. Separate account liabilities presented in the tables above represent derivative liabilities.

65

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

11. Fair Value (continued)

(3)Total assets included in the fair value hierarchy exclude OLPI that are measured at estimated fair value using the net asset value (“NAV”) per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient. The estimated fair value of such investments was $47 million and $48 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(4)Embedded derivatives within asset host contracts are presented within other invested assets on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. Embedded derivatives within liability host contracts are presented within PABs and other liabilities on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following describes the valuation methodologies used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.

Investments

Securities, Short-term Investments and Other Investments

When available, the estimated fair value of these financial instruments is based on quoted prices in active markets that are readily and regularly obtainable. Generally, these are the most liquid of the Company’s securities holdings, and valuation of these securities does not involve management’s judgment.

When quoted prices in active markets are not available, the determination of estimated fair value of securities is based on market standard valuation methodologies, giving priority to observable inputs. The significant inputs to the market standard valuation methodologies for certain types of securities with reasonable levels of price transparency are inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. When observable inputs are not available, the market standard valuation methodologies rely on inputs that are significant to the estimated fair value that are not observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. These unobservable inputs can be based, in large part, on management’s judgment or estimation and cannot be supported by reference to market activity. Unobservable inputs are based on management’s assumptions about the inputs market participants would use in pricing such investments.

The estimated fair value of short-term investments and other investments is determined on a basis consistent with the methodologies described herein.

The valuation approaches and key inputs for each category of assets or liabilities that are classified within Level 2 and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are presented below. The primary valuation approaches are the market approach, which considers recent prices from market transactions involving identical or similar assets or liabilities, and the income approach, which converts expected future amounts (e.g., cash flows) to a single current, discounted amount. The valuation of most instruments listed below is determined using independent pricing sources, matrix pricing, discounted cash flow methodologies or other similar techniques that use either observable market inputs or unobservable inputs.

66

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

11. Fair Value (continued)

Instrument		Level 2 Observable Inputs		Level 3 Unobservable Inputs
Fixed maturity securities AFS
U.S. corporate and Foreign corporate securities
	Valuation Approaches: Principally the market and income approaches.			Valuation Approaches: Principally the market approach.
	Key Inputs:			Key Inputs:
	•	quoted prices in markets that are not active		•	illiquidity premium
	•	benchmark yields; spreads off benchmark yields; new issuances; issuer ratings		•	delta spread adjustments to reflect specific credit-related issues
	•	trades of identical or comparable securities; duration		•	credit spreads
	•	privately-placed securities are valued using the additional key inputs:		•	quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar securities that are less liquid and based on lower levels of trading activity than securities classified in Level 2
		•	market yield curve; call provisions
		•	observable prices and spreads for similar public or private securities that incorporate the credit quality and industry sector of the issuer	•	independent non-binding broker quotations
		•	delta spread adjustments to reflect specific credit-related issues
U.S. government and agency securities, Municipals and Foreign government securities
	Valuation Approaches: Principally the market approach.			Valuation Approaches: Principally the market approach.
	Key Inputs:			Key Inputs:
	•	quoted prices in markets that are not active		•	independent non-binding broker quotations
	•	benchmark U.S. Treasury yield or other yields		•	quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar securities that are less liquid and based on lower levels of trading activity than securities classified in Level 2
	•	the spread off the U.S. Treasury yield curve for the identical security
	•	issuer ratings and issuer spreads; broker-dealer quotations		•	credit spreads
	•	comparable securities that are actively traded
Structured Products
	Valuation Approaches: Principally the market and income approaches.			Valuation Approaches: Principally the market and income approaches.
	Key Inputs:			Key Inputs:
	•	quoted prices in markets that are not active		•	credit spreads
	•	spreads for actively traded securities; spreads off benchmark yields		•	quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar securities that are less liquid and based on lower levels of trading activity than securities classified in Level 2
	•	expected prepayment speeds and volumes
	•	current and forecasted loss severity; ratings; geographic region		•	independent non-binding broker quotations
	•	weighted average coupon and weighted average maturity		•	credit ratings
	•	average delinquency rates; DSCR
	•	credit ratings
	•	issuance-specific information, including, but not limited to:
		•	collateral type; structure of the security; vintage of the loans
		•	payment terms of the underlying assets
		•	payment priority within the tranche; deal performance

67

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

11. Fair Value (continued)

Instrument	Level 2 Observable Inputs		Level 3 Unobservable Inputs
Short-term investments and Other investments
	•	Certain short-term investments and certain other investments are of a similar nature and class to the fixed maturity securities AFS described above; while certain other investments are similar to equity securities. The valuation approaches and observable inputs used in their valuation are also similar to those described above. Other investments contain equity securities valued using quoted prices in markets that are not considered active.	•	Certain short-term investments and certain other investments are of a similar nature and class to the fixed maturity securities AFS described above, while certain other investments are similar to equity securities. The valuation approaches and unobservable inputs used in their valuation are also similar to those described above. Other investments contain equity securities that use key unobservable inputs such as credit ratings, issuance structures and those described above for fixed maturities AFS. Other investments also include certain REJV and use the valuation approach and key inputs as described for OLPI below.
Separate account assets and Separate account liabilities (1)
Mutual funds and hedge funds without readily determinable fair values as prices are not published publicly
	Key Input:		•	N/A
	•	quoted prices or reported NAV provided by the fund managers
OLPI
	•	N/A	Valued giving consideration to the underlying holdings of the partnerships and adjusting, if appropriate.
			Key Inputs:
			•	liquidity; bid/ask spreads; performance record of the fund manager
			•	other relevant variables that may impact the exit value of the particular partnership interest

__________________

(1)Estimated fair value equals carrying value, based on the value of the underlying assets, including: mutual fund interests, fixed maturity securities, equity securities, derivatives, hedge funds, OLPI, short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents. The estimated fair value of fixed maturity securities, equity securities, derivatives, short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents is determined on a basis consistent with the assets described under “— Securities, Short-term Investments and Other Investments” and “— Derivatives — Freestanding Derivatives.”

Derivatives

The estimated fair value of derivatives is determined through the use of quoted market prices for exchange-traded derivatives, or through the use of pricing models for OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives. The determination of estimated fair value, when quoted market values are not available, is based on market standard valuation methodologies and inputs that management believes are consistent with what other market participants would use when pricing such instruments. Derivative valuations can be affected by changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, financial indices, credit spreads, default risk, nonperformance risk, volatility, liquidity and changes in estimates and assumptions used in the pricing models.

The significant inputs to the pricing models for most OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives are inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. With respect to certain OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives, management may rely on inputs that are significant to the estimated fair value that are not observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. These unobservable inputs may involve significant management judgment or estimation. Unobservable inputs are based on management’s assumptions about the inputs market participants would use in pricing such derivatives.

Most inputs for OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives are mid-market inputs but, in certain cases, liquidity adjustments are made when they are deemed more representative of exit value. Market liquidity, as well as the use of different methodologies, assumptions and inputs, may have a material effect on the estimated fair values of the Company’s derivatives and could materially affect net income.

68

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

11. Fair Value (continued)

The credit risk of both the counterparty and the Company is considered in determining the estimated fair value for all OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives, and any potential credit adjustment is based on the net exposure by counterparty after taking into account the effects of netting agreements and collateral arrangements. The Company values its OTC-bilateral and OTC-cleared derivatives using standard swap curves which may include a spread to the risk-free rate, depending upon specific collateral arrangements. This credit spread is appropriate for those parties that execute trades at pricing levels consistent with similar collateral arrangements. As the Company and its significant derivative counterparties generally execute trades at such pricing levels and hold sufficient collateral, additional credit risk adjustments are not currently required in the valuation process. The Company’s ability to consistently execute at such pricing levels is, in part, due to the netting agreements and collateral arrangements that are in place with all of its significant derivative counterparties. An evaluation of the requirement to make additional credit risk adjustments is performed by the Company each reporting period.

Freestanding Derivatives

Level 2 Valuation Approaches and Key Inputs:

This level includes all types of derivatives utilized by the Company with the exception of exchange-traded derivatives included within Level 1 and those derivatives with unobservable inputs as described in Level 3.

Level 3 Valuation Approaches and Key Inputs:

These valuation methodologies generally use the same inputs as described in the corresponding sections for Level 2 measurements of derivatives. However, these derivatives result in Level 3 classification because one or more of the significant inputs are not observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.

Freestanding derivatives are principally valued using the income approach. Valuations of non-option-based derivatives utilize present value techniques, whereas valuations of option-based derivatives utilize option pricing models. Key inputs are as follows:

Instrument		Interest Rate		Foreign Currency Exchange Rate		Credit		Equity Market
Inputs common to Level 2 and Level 3 by instrument type	•	swap yield curves	•	swap yield curves	•	swap yield curves	•	swap yield curves
	•	basis curves	•	basis curves	•	credit curves	•	spot equity index levels
	•	interest rate volatility (1)	•	currency spot rates	•	recovery rates	•	dividend yield curves
			•	cross currency basis curves			•	equity volatility (1)
Level 3	•	swap yield curves (2)	•	swap yield curves (2)	•	swap yield curves (2)	•	dividend yield curves (2)
	•	basis curves (2)	•	basis curves (2)	•	credit curves (2)	•	equity volatility (1), (2)
	•	repurchase rates	•	cross currency basis curves (2)	•	credit spreads	•	correlation between model inputs (1)
	•	interest rate volatility (1), (2)	•	currency correlation	•	repurchase rates
					•	independent non-binding broker quotations

__________________

(1)Option-based only.

(2)Extrapolation beyond the observable limits of the curve(s).

Embedded Derivatives

Embedded derivatives principally include equity-indexed annuity contracts and investment risk within funds withheld related to certain reinsurance agreements. Embedded derivatives are recorded at estimated fair value with changes in estimated fair value reported in net income.

69

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

11. Fair Value (continued)

The estimated fair value of the embedded derivatives within funds withheld related to certain ceded reinsurance and experience refund related to certain assumed reinsurance is determined based on the change in estimated fair value of the underlying assets held by the Company in a reference portfolio backing the reinsurance liability. The estimated fair value of the underlying assets is determined as described in “— Investments — Securities, Short-term Investments and Other Investments.” The estimated fair value of these embedded derivatives is included, along with their underlying host contracts, in other liabilities and other invested assets on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets with changes in estimated fair value recorded in net derivative gains (losses). Changes in the credit spreads on the underlying assets, interest rates and market volatility may result in significant fluctuations in the estimated fair value of these embedded derivatives that could materially affect net income.

The estimated fair value of the embedded equity indexed derivatives, based on the present value of future equity returns to the policyholder using actuarial and present value assumptions including expectations concerning policyholder behavior, is calculated by the Company’s actuarial department. The calculation is based on in-force business and uses standard capital market techniques, such as Black-Scholes, to calculate the value of the portion of the embedded derivative for which the terms are set. The portion of the embedded derivative covering the period beyond where terms are set is calculated as the present value of amounts expected to be spent to provide equity indexed returns in those periods. The valuation of these embedded derivatives also includes the establishment of a risk margin, as well as changes in nonperformance risk.

MRBs

See Note 5 for information on the Company’s valuation approaches and key inputs for MRBs.

Transfers between Levels

Overall, transfers between levels occur when there are changes in the observability of inputs and market activity.

Transfers into or out of Level 3:

Assets and liabilities are transferred into Level 3 when a significant input cannot be corroborated with market observable data. This occurs when market activity decreases significantly and underlying inputs cannot be observed, current prices are not available, and/or when there are significant variances in quoted prices, thereby affecting transparency. Assets and liabilities are transferred out of Level 3 when circumstances change such that a significant input can be corroborated with market observable data. This may be due to a significant increase in market activity, a specific event, or one or more significant input(s) becoming observable.

70

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

11. Fair Value (continued)

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

The following table presents certain quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement, and the sensitivity of the estimated fair value to changes in those inputs, for the more significant asset and liability classes measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) at:

					September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023				Impact of Increase in Input on Estimated Fair Value (2)
	Valuation Techniques		Significant Unobservable Inputs		Range			Weighted Average (1)	Range			Weighted Average (1)
Fixed maturity securities AFS (3)
U.S. corporate and foreign corporate	•	Matrix pricing	•	Offered quotes (4)	34	-	133	96	4	-	131	95	Increase
	•	Market pricing	•	Quoted prices (4)	13	-	116	98	—	-	110	93	Increase
RMBS	•	Market pricing	•	Quoted prices (4)	—	-	121	95	—	-	112	93	Increase (5)
ABS & CLO	•	Market pricing	•	Quoted prices (4)	85	-	106	98	78	-	101	94	Increase (5)
Derivatives
Interest rate	•	Present value techniques	•	Swap yield (6)	—	-	—	—	367	-	399	385	Increase (7)
Credit	•	Consensus pricing	•	Offered quotes (8)
MRBs
Direct and assumed guaranteed minimum benefits	•	Option pricing techniques	•	Mortality rates:
				Ages 0 - 40	0.01%	-	0.13%	0.05%	0.01%	-	0.13%	0.05%	(9)
				Ages 41 - 60	0.05%	-	0.68%	0.22%	0.05%	-	0.67%	0.22%	(9)
				Ages 61 - 115	0.35%	-	100%	1.14%	0.35%	-	100%	1.23%	(9)
			•	Lapse rates:
				Durations 1 - 10	0.80%	-	20.10%	12.86%	0.80%	-	20.10%	8.72%	Decrease (10)
				Durations 11 - 20	3.10%	-	10.10%	6.05%	3.10%	-	10.10%	4.34%	Decrease (10)
				Durations 21 - 116	1%	-	10.10%	8.20%	0.10%	-	10.10%	4.59%	Decrease (10)
			•	Utilization rates	0.20%	-	22%	0.79%	0.20%	-	22%	0.44%	Increase (11)
			•	Withdrawal rates	0%	-	7.75%	4.77%	0.25%	-	7.75%	4.47%	(12)
			•	Long-term equity volatilities	16.63%	-	22.27%	18.77%	16.37%	-	21.85%	18.55%	Increase (13)
			•	Nonperformance risk spread	0.33%	-	0.67%	0.64%	0.38%	-	0.70%	0.73%	Decrease (14)

__________________

(1)The weighted average for fixed maturity securities AFS and derivatives is determined based on the estimated fair value of the securities and derivatives. The weighted average for MRBs is determined based on a combination of account values and experience data.

(2)The impact of a decrease in input would have resulted in the opposite impact on estimated fair value. For MRBs, changes to direct and assumed guaranteed minimum benefits are based on liability positions.

(3)Significant increases (decreases) in expected default rates in isolation would have resulted in substantially lower (higher) valuations.

(4)Range and weighted average are presented in accordance with the market convention for fixed maturity securities AFS of dollars per hundred dollars of par.

(5)Changes in the assumptions used for the probability of default would have been accompanied by a directionally similar change in the assumption used for the loss severity and a directionally opposite change in the assumptions used for prepayment rates.

(6)Ranges represent the rates across different yield curves and are presented in basis points. The swap yield curves are utilized among different types of derivatives to project cash flows, as well as to discount future cash flows to present value. Since this valuation methodology uses a range of inputs across a yield curve to value the derivative, presenting a range is more representative of the unobservable input used in the valuation.

71

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

11. Fair Value (continued)

(7)Changes in estimated fair value are based on long U.S. dollar net asset positions and will be inversely impacted for short U.S. dollar net asset positions.

(8)At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, independent non-binding broker quotations were used in the determination of 0% and less than 1%, respectively, of the total net derivative estimated fair value.

(9)Mortality rates vary by age and by demographic characteristics such as gender. Mortality rate assumptions are based on company experience. A mortality improvement assumption is also applied. For any given contract, mortality rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the MRBs. For contracts that contain only a GMDB, any increase (decrease) in mortality rates result in an increase (decrease) in the estimated fair value of MRBs. Generally, for contracts that contain both a GMDB and a living benefit (e.g., GMIB, GMWB, GMAB), any increase (decrease) in mortality rates result in a decrease (increase) in the estimated fair value of MRBs.

(10)Base lapse rates are adjusted at the contract level based on a comparison of the actuarially calculated guaranteed values and the current policyholder account value, as well as other factors, such as the applicability of any surrender charges. A dynamic lapse function reduces the base lapse rate when the guaranteed amount is greater than the account value as in the money contracts are less likely to lapse. Lapse rates are also generally assumed to be lower in periods when a surrender charge applies. For any given contract, lapse rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the MRBs.

(11)The utilization rate assumption estimates the percentage of contractholders with GMIBs or a lifetime withdrawal benefit who will elect to utilize the benefit upon becoming eligible. The rates may vary by the type of guarantee, the amount by which the guaranteed amount is greater than the account value, the contract’s withdrawal history and by the age of the policyholder. For any given contract, utilization rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the MRBs.

(12)The withdrawal rate represents the percentage of account balance that any given policyholder will elect to withdraw from the contract each year. The withdrawal rate assumption varies by age and duration of the contract, and also by other factors such as benefit type. For any given contract, withdrawal rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the MRBs. For GMWBs, any increase (decrease) in withdrawal rates results in an increase (decrease) in the estimated fair value of the guarantees. For GMABs and GMIBs, any increase (decrease) in withdrawal rates results in a decrease (increase) in the estimated fair value.

(13)Long-term equity volatilities represent equity volatility beyond the period for which observable equity volatilities are available. For any given contract, long-term equity volatility rates vary throughout the period over which cash flows are projected for purposes of valuing the MRBs.

(14)Nonperformance risk spread varies by duration and by currency. For any given contract, multiple nonperformance risk spreads will apply, depending on the duration of the cash flow being discounted for purposes of valuing the MRBs.

All other classes of securities classified within Level 3, including those within Other investments, Separate account assets, and Embedded derivatives within funds withheld related to certain ceded reinsurance, use the same valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs as previously described for Level 3 securities. Generally, all other classes of assets and liabilities classified within Level 3 that are not included above use the same valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs as previously described for Level 3. The sensitivity of the estimated fair value to changes in the significant unobservable inputs for these other assets and liabilities is similar in nature to that described in the preceding table. The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement for the more significant assets measured at estimated fair value on a nonrecurring basis and determined using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) are summarized in “— Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements.”

72

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

11. Fair Value (continued)

The following tables summarize the change of assets (liabilities) measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), excluding MRBs (see Note 5):

	Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Fixed Maturity Securities AFS
	Corporate (6)		Structured Products		Municipals		Foreign Government		Short-term Investments
	(In millions)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balance, beginning of period	$	17,475	$	4,113	$	—	$	11	$	3
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (1), (2)	(11)		3		—		(8)		—
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI	609		73		—		7		—
Purchases (3)	1,227		456		—		1		—
Sales (3)	(886)		(476)		—		—		(2)
Issuances (3)	—		—		—		—		—
Settlements (3)	—		—		—		—		—
Transfers into Level 3 (4)	94		25		—		—		—
Transfers out of Level 3 (4)	(942)		(700)		—		—		(1)
Balance, end of period	$	17,566	$	3,494	$	—	$	11	$	—
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	16,016	$	3,409	$	4	$	17	$	17
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (1), (2)	—		(4)		—		4		—
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI	(529)		(3)		—		(9)		1
Purchases (3)	652		320		—		—		3
Sales (3)	(456)		(308)		—		—		(8)
Issuances (3)	—		—		—		—		—
Settlements (3)	—		—		—		—		—
Transfers into Level 3 (4)	115		48		—		—		—
Transfers out of Level 3 (4)	(189)		(99)		(4)		(2)		—
Balance, end of period	$	15,609	$	3,363	$	—	$	10	$	13
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2024 (5)	$	(8)	$	11	$	—	$	(8)	$	—
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2023 (5)	$	—	$	(2)	$	—	$	4	$	—
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI for the instruments still held at September 30, 2024 (5)	$	601	$	56	$	—	$	8	$	—
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI for the instruments still held at September 30, 2023 (5)	$	(538)	$	(7)	$	—	$	(9)	$	—

73

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

11. Fair Value (continued)

	Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Other Investments		Net Derivatives (7)		Net Embedded Derivatives (8)		Separate Accounts (9)
	(In millions)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balance, beginning of period	$	1,434	$	(75)	$	405	$	969
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (1), (2)	28		2		(379)		(4)
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI	—		5		—		—
Purchases (3)	—		—		—		15
Sales (3)	(6)		—		—		(89)
Issuances (3)	—		—		—		—
Settlements (3)	—		72		(3)		—
Transfers into Level 3 (4)	53		—		—		1
Transfers out of Level 3 (4)	—		—		—		(18)
Balance, end of period	$	1,509	$	4	$	23	$	874
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	1,115	$	(278)	$	378	$	1,054
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (1), (2)	(18)		—		525		(12)
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI	—		(107)		—		—
Purchases (3)	22		—		—		15
Sales (3)	(2)		—		—		(30)
Issuances (3)	—		—		—		—
Settlements (3)	—		91		(26)		—
Transfers into Level 3 (4)	—		—		—		6
Transfers out of Level 3 (4)	—		—		—		(10)
Balance, end of period	$	1,117	$	(294)	$	877	$	1,023
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2024 (5)	$	28	$	(3)	$	(379)	$	—
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2023 (5)	$	(18)	$	—	$	525	$	—
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI for the instruments still held at September 30, 2024 (5)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI for the instruments still held at September 30, 2023 (5)	$	—	$	(92)	$	—	$	—

74

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

11. Fair Value (continued)

	Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Fixed Maturity Securities AFS
	Corporate (6)		Structured Products		Municipals		Foreign Government		Short-term Investments
	(In millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balance, beginning of period	$	17,115	$	3,196	$	—	$	14	$	15
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (1), (2)	(59)		16		—		(6)		—
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in  AOCI	312		126		—		3		—
Purchases (3)	2,612		841		—		—		—
Sales (3)	(1,641)		(685)		—		—		(15)
Issuances (3)	—		—		—		—		—
Settlements (3)	—		—		—		—		—
Transfers into Level 3 (4)	55		116		—		—		—
Transfers out of Level 3 (4)	(828)		(116)		—		—		—
Balance, end of period	$	17,566	$	3,494	$	—	$	11	$	—
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	14,733	$	3,373	$	—	$	15	$	47
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (1), (2)	(25)		(3)		—		3		—
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in  AOCI	(227)		(5)		—		(8)		1
Purchases (3)	2,571		399		—		—		13
Sales (3)	(1,253)		(454)		—		—		(48)
Issuances (3)	—		—		—		—		—
Settlements (3)	—		—		—		—		—
Transfers into Level 3 (4)	240		129		—		—		—
Transfers out of Level 3 (4)	(430)		(76)		—		—		—
Balance, end of period	$	15,609	$	3,363	$	—	$	10	$	13
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2024 (5)	$	(25)	$	19	$	—	$	(6)	$	—
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2023 (5)	$	(25)	$	6	$	—	$	3	$	—
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI for the instruments still held at September 30, 2024 (5)	$	300	$	100	$	—	$	3	$	—
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI for the instruments still held at September 30, 2023 (5)	$	(250)	$	(14)	$	—	$	(7)	$	—

75

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

11. Fair Value (continued)

	Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Other  Investments		Net Derivatives (7)		Net Embedded Derivatives (8)		Separate Accounts (9)
	(In millions)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Balance, beginning of period	$	1,317	$	(160)	$	52	$	968
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (1), (2)	136		1		(24)		(23)
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in  AOCI	—		(29)		—		—
Purchases (3)	16		—		—		12
Sales (3)	(13)		—		—		(78)
Issuances (3)	—		—		—		—
Settlements (3)	—		200		(5)		—
Transfers into Level 3 (4)	53		—		—		2
Transfers out of Level 3 (4)	—		(8)		—		(7)
Balance, end of period	$	1,509	$	4	$	23	$	874
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	1,022	$	(331)	$	458	$	995
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) (1), (2)	73		(27)		457		(31)
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in  AOCI	—		(63)		—		—
Purchases (3)	24		—		—		181
Sales (3)	(2)		—		—		(127)
Issuances (3)	—		—		—		—
Settlements (3)	—		188		(38)		1
Transfers into Level 3 (4)	—		—		—		13
Transfers out of Level 3 (4)	—		(61)		—		(9)
Balance, end of period	$	1,117	$	(294)	$	877	$	1,023
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2024 (5)	$	142	$	(3)	$	(24)	$	—
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for the instruments still held at September 30, 2023 (5)	$	77	$	2	$	457	$	—
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI for the instruments still held at September 30, 2024 (5)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in AOCI for the instruments still held at September 30, 2023 (5)	$	—	$	(85)	$	—	$	—

__________________

(1)Amortization of premium/accretion of discount is included within net investment income. Impairments and changes in ACL charged to net income (loss) on certain securities are included in net investment gains (losses). Lapses associated with net embedded derivatives are included in net derivative gains (losses). Substantially all realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for net derivatives and net embedded derivatives are reported in net derivative gains (losses).

(2)Interest and dividend accruals, as well as cash interest coupons and dividends received, are excluded from the rollforward.

(3)Items purchased/issued and then sold/settled in the same period are excluded from the rollforward. Fees attributed to embedded derivatives are included in settlements.

(4)Items transferred into and then out of Level 3 in the same period are excluded from the rollforward.

76

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

11. Fair Value (continued)

(5)Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) and included in AOCI relate to assets and liabilities still held at the end of the respective periods. Substantially all changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for net derivatives and net embedded derivatives are reported in net derivative gains (losses).

(6)Comprised of U.S. and foreign corporate securities.

(7)Freestanding derivative assets and liabilities are presented net for purposes of the rollforward.

(8)Embedded derivative assets and liabilities are presented net for purposes of the rollforward.

(9)Investment performance related to separate account assets is fully offset by corresponding amounts credited to contractholders within separate account liabilities. Therefore, such changes in estimated fair value are not recorded in net income (loss). For the purpose of this disclosure, these changes are presented within net income (loss). Separate account assets and liabilities are presented net for the purposes of the rollforward.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents information for assets measured at estimated fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the periods and still held at the reporting dates (for example, when there is evidence of impairment), using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(In millions)
Carrying value after measurement:
Mortgage loans (1)	$	508	$	295

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In millions)
Realized gains (losses) net:
Mortgage loans (1)	$	(64)	$	(18)	$	(146)	$	(123)

__________________

(1)Estimated fair values of impaired mortgage loans are based on the underlying collateral or discounted cash flows. See Note 9.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments Carried at Other Than Fair Value

The following tables provide fair value information for financial instruments that are carried on the balance sheet at amounts other than fair value. These tables exclude the following financial instruments: cash and cash equivalents, accrued investment income, payables for collateral under securities loaned and other transactions, short-term debt and those short-term investments that are not securities, such as time deposits, and therefore are not included in the three-level hierarchy table disclosed in the “— Recurring Fair Value Measurements” section. The Company believes that due to the short-term nature of these excluded assets, which are primarily classified in Level 2, the estimated fair value approximates carrying value. All remaining balance sheet amounts excluded from the tables below are not considered financial instruments subject to this disclosure.

77

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

11. Fair Value (continued)

The carrying values and estimated fair values for such financial instruments, and their corresponding placement in the fair value hierarchy, are summarized as follows at:

	September 30, 2024
			Fair Value Hierarchy
	Carrying Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Estimated Fair Value
	(In millions)
Assets
Mortgage loans	$	60,988	$	—	$	—	$	58,786	$	58,786
Policy loans	$	5,783	$	—	$	—	$	6,157	$	6,157
Other invested assets	$	2,037	$	—	$	1,801	$	275	$	2,076
Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables	$	13,458	$	—	$	223	$	13,468	$	13,691
Liabilities
PABs	$	88,081	$	—	$	—	$	87,897	$	87,897
Long-term debt	$	1,647	$	—	$	1,762	$	—	$	1,762
Other liabilities	$	11,401	$	—	$	409	$	10,989	$	11,398
Separate account liabilities	$	27,820	$	—	$	27,820	$	—	$	27,820

	December 31, 2023
			Fair Value Hierarchy
	Carrying Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Estimated Fair Value
	(In millions)
Assets
Mortgage loans	$	62,584	$	—	$	—	$	59,511	$	59,511
Policy loans	$	5,671	$	—	$	—	$	6,042	$	6,042
Other invested assets	$	1,778	$	—	$	1,794	$	—	$	1,794
Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables	$	14,028	$	—	$	221	$	14,053	$	14,274
Liabilities
PABs	$	87,518	$	—	$	—	$	86,093	$	86,093
Long-term debt	$	1,886	$	—	$	1,958	$	—	$	1,958
Other liabilities	$	11,481	$	—	$	141	$	11,333	$	11,474
Separate account liabilities	$	29,204	$	—	$	29,204	$	—	$	29,204

78

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

12. Equity

AOCI

Information regarding changes in the balances of each component of AOCI attributable to Metropolitan Life Insurance Company was as follows:

	Three Months   Ended   September 30, 2024
	Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses), Net of Related Offsets (1)		Deferred Gains (Losses) on Derivatives		FPBs Discount Rate Remeasurement Gains (Losses)		MRBs Instrument-Specific Credit Risk Remeasurement Gains (Losses)		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Defined Benefit Plans Adjustment		Total
	(In millions)
Balance, beginning of period	$	(8,711)	$	822	$	1,793	$	(23)	$	(129)	$	(160)	$	(6,408)
OCI before reclassifications	5,859		47		(3,681)		62		9		—		2,296
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)	(1,222)		(10)		765		(13)		(1)		—		(481)
AOCI before reclassifications, net of income tax	(4,074)		859		(1,123)		26		(121)		(160)		(4,593)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	144		(514)		—		—		—		3		(367)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)	(22)		108		—		—		—		(1)		85
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of income tax	122		(406)		—		—		—		2		(282)
Balance, end of period	$	(3,952)	$	453	$	(1,123)	$	26	$	(121)	$	(158)	$	(4,875)

	Three Months   Ended   September 30, 2023
	Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses), Net of Related Offsets (1)		Deferred Gains (Losses) on Derivatives		FPBs Discount Rate Remeasurement Gains (Losses)		MRBs Instrument-Specific Credit Risk Remeasurement Gains (Losses)		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Defined Benefit Plans Adjustment		Total
	(In millions)
Balance, beginning of period	$	(9,167)	$	1,188	$	726	$	92	$	(127)	$	(135)	$	(7,423)
OCI before reclassifications	(6,504)		(546)		4,584		(119)		9		—		(2,576)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)	1,387		114		(963)		25		(2)		—		561
AOCI before reclassifications, net of income tax	(14,284)		756		4,347		(2)		(120)		(135)		(9,438)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	485		236		—		—		—		2		723
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)	(118)		(49)		—		—		—		—		(167)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of income tax	367		187		—		—		—		2		556
Balance, end of period	$	(13,917)	$	943	$	4,347	$	(2)	$	(120)	$	(133)	$	(8,882)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses), Net of Related Offsets (1)		Deferred Gains (Losses) on Derivatives		FPBs Discount Rate Remeasurement Gains (Losses)		MRBs Instrument-Specific Credit Risk Remeasurement Gains (Losses)		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Defined Benefit Plans Adjustment		Total
	(In millions)
Balance, beginning of period	$	(6,495)	$	705	$	(807)	$	33	$	(143)	$	(165)	$	(6,872)
OCI before reclassifications	2,645		39		(372)		(9)		28		—		2,331
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)	(462)		(8)		56		2		(6)		—		(418)
AOCI before reclassifications, net of income tax	(4,312)		736		(1,123)		26		(121)		(165)		(4,959)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	456		(358)		—		—		—		9		107
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)	(96)		75		—		—		—		(2)		(23)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of income tax	360		(283)		—		—		—		7		84
Balance, end of period	$	(3,952)	$	453	$	(1,123)	$	26	$	(121)	$	(158)	$	(4,875)

79

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

12. Equity (continued)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses), Net of Related Offsets (1)		Deferred Gains (Losses) on Derivatives		FPBs Discount Rate Remeasurement Gains (Losses)		MRBs Instrument-Specific Credit Risk Remeasurement Gains (Losses)		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Defined Benefit Plans Adjustment		Total
	(In millions)
Balance, beginning of period	$	(11,161)	$	1,557	$	1,529	$	80	$	(187)	$	(138)	$	(8,320)
OCI before reclassifications	(4,806)		(488)		3,567		(104)		86		(1)		(1,746)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)	1,041		102		(749)		22		(19)		—		397
AOCI before reclassifications, net of income tax	(14,926)		1,171		4,347		(2)		(120)		(139)		(9,669)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI	1,289		(289)		—		—		—		7		1,007
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)	(280)		61		—		—		—		(1)		(220)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of income tax	1,009		(228)		—		—		—		6		787
Balance, end of period	$	(13,917)	$	943	$	4,347	$	(2)	$	(120)	$	(133)	$	(8,882)

__________________

(1)Primarily unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities.

80

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

12. Equity (continued)

Information regarding amounts reclassified out of each component of AOCI was as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
AOCI Components	Amounts Reclassified from AOCI								Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) Locations
	(In millions)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses):
Net unrealized investment gains (losses)	$	(135)	$	(488)	$	(423)	$	(1,275)	Net investment gains (losses)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses)	—		1		—		4		Net investment income
Net unrealized investment gains (losses)	(9)		2		(33)		(18)		Net derivative gains (losses)
Net unrealized investment gains (losses), before income tax	(144)		(485)		(456)		(1,289)
Income tax (expense) benefit	22		118		96		280
Net unrealized investment gains (losses), net of income tax	(122)		(367)		(360)		(1,009)
Deferred gains (losses) on derivatives - cash flow hedges:
Interest rate derivatives	4		11		18		38		Net investment income
Interest rate derivatives	1		17		3		74		Net investment gains (losses)
Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives	1		1		3		3		Net investment income
Foreign currency exchange rate derivatives	508		(265)		333		174		Net investment gains (losses)
Credit derivatives	—		—		1		—		Net investment gains (losses)
Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges, before income tax	514		(236)		358		289
Income tax (expense) benefit	(108)		49		(75)		(61)
Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges, net of income tax	406		(187)		283		228
Defined benefit plans adjustment: (1)
Amortization of net actuarial gains (losses)	(3)		(3)		(10)		(9)
Amortization of prior service (costs) credit	—		1		1		2
Amortization of defined benefit plan items, before income tax	(3)		(2)		(9)		(7)
Income tax (expense) benefit	1		—		2		1
Amortization of defined benefit plan items, net of income tax	(2)		(2)		(7)		(6)
Total reclassifications, net of income tax	$	282	$	(556)	$	(84)	$	(787)

__________________

(1)These AOCI components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit costs.

81

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

13. Other Revenues and Other Expenses

Other Revenues

Information on other revenues, which primarily includes fees related to service contracts from customers, was as follows:

	Three Months   Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In millions)
Prepaid legal plans	$	112	$	110	$	349	$	340
Administrative services-only contracts	68		63		200		186
Recordkeeping and administrative services (1)	37		38		111		112
Other revenue from service contracts from customers	10		11		33		32
Total revenues from service contracts from customers	227		222		693		670
Other (2)	218		185		654		571
Total other revenues	$	445	$	407	$	1,347	$	1,241

__________________

(1)Related to products and businesses no longer actively marketed by the Company.

(2)Primarily includes reinsurance ceded. See Note 16.

Other Expenses

Information on other expenses was as follows:

	Three Months   Ended   September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In millions)
General and administrative expenses (1)	$	650	$	683	$	1,998	$	2,021
Pension, postretirement and postemployment benefit costs	56		50		166		150
Premium taxes, other taxes, and licenses & fees	113		93		318		292
Commissions and other variable expenses	606		379		1,589		1,560
Capitalization of DAC	(34)		(11)		(86)		(100)
Amortization of DAC and VOBA	69		75		207		226
Interest expense on debt	30		34		92		98
Total other expenses	$	1,490	$	1,303	$	4,284	$	4,247

__________________

(1)Includes ($46) million and ($111) million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $5 million and ($52) million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, for the net change in cash surrender value of investments in certain life insurance policies, net of premiums paid.

Affiliated Expenses

See Note 16 for a discussion of affiliated expenses included in the table above.

82

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

14. Income Tax

For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the effective tax rate on income (loss) before provision for income tax was 84% and 17%, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2024 differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to tax benefits from (i) non-taxable investment income and (ii) low income housing and other tax credits, partially offset by the impact of tax equity investments now accounted for under the proportional amortization method. The Company’s effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to tax benefits from (i) non-taxable investment income, (ii) low income housing and other tax credits, partially offset by the impact of tax equity investments now accounted for under the proportional amortization method, and (iii) the corporate tax deduction for stock compensation.

For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the effective tax rate on income (loss) before provision for income tax was 18% and 14%, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023 differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to tax benefits from (i) low income housing and other tax credits, and (ii) non-taxable investment income.

15. Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees

Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is a defendant in a large number of litigation matters. Putative or certified class action litigation and other litigation and claims and assessments against the Company, in addition to those discussed below and those otherwise provided for in the Company’s interim condensed consolidated financial statements, have arisen in the course of the Company’s business, including, but not limited to, in connection with its activities as an insurer, mortgage lending bank, employer, investor, investment advisor, broker-dealer, and taxpayer.

The Company also receives and responds to subpoenas or other inquiries seeking a broad range of information from state regulators, including state insurance commissioners; state attorneys general or other state governmental authorities; federal regulators, including the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission; federal governmental authorities, including congressional committees; and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, as well as from local and national regulators and government authorities in jurisdictions outside the United States where the Company conducts business. The issues involved in information requests and regulatory matters vary widely, but can include inquiries or investigations concerning the Company’s compliance with applicable insurance and other laws and regulations. The Company cooperates in these inquiries.

It is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of all pending investigations and legal proceedings. The Company establishes liabilities for litigation and regulatory loss contingencies when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. In certain circumstances where liabilities have been established there may be coverage under one or more corporate insurance policies, pursuant to which there may be an insurance recovery. Insurance recoveries are recognized as gains when any contingencies relating to the insurance claim have been resolved, which is the earlier of when the gains are realized or realizable. It is possible that some of the matters could require the Company to pay damages or make other expenditures or establish accruals in amounts that could not be reasonably estimated at September 30, 2024. While the potential future charges could be material in the particular quarterly or annual periods in which they are recorded, based on information currently known to management, management does not believe any such charges are likely to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position. Given the large and/or indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these matters and the inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time, have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated net income or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods.

Matters as to Which an Estimate Can Be Made

For some matters, the Company is able to estimate a reasonably possible range of loss. For matters where a loss is believed to be reasonably possible, but not probable, the Company has not made an accrual. As of September 30, 2024, the Company estimates the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses in excess of amounts accrued for these matters to be $0 to $125 million.

83

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

15. Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees (continued)

Matters as to Which an Estimate Cannot Be Made

For other matters, the Company is not currently able to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss. The Company is often unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss until developments in such matters have provided sufficient information to support an assessment of the range of possible loss, such as quantification of a damage demand from plaintiffs, discovery from other parties and investigation of factual allegations, rulings by the court on motions or appeals, analysis by experts, and the progress of settlement negotiations. On a quarterly and annual basis, the Company reviews relevant information with respect to litigation contingencies and updates its accruals, disclosures and estimates of reasonably possible losses or ranges of loss based on such reviews.

Asbestos-Related Claims

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company is and has been a defendant in a large number of asbestos-related suits filed primarily in state courts. These suits principally allege that the plaintiff or plaintiffs suffered personal injury resulting from exposure to asbestos and seek both actual and punitive damages. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company has never engaged in the business of manufacturing or selling asbestos-containing products, nor has Metropolitan Life Insurance Company issued liability or workers’ compensation insurance to companies in the business of manufacturing or selling asbestos-containing products. The lawsuits principally have focused on allegations with respect to certain research, publication and other activities of one or more of Metropolitan Life Insurance Company’s employees during the period from the 1920s through approximately the 1950s and allege that Metropolitan Life Insurance Company learned or should have learned of certain health risks posed by asbestos and, among other things, improperly publicized or failed to disclose those health risks. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company believes that it should not have legal liability in these cases. The outcome of most asbestos litigation matters, however, is uncertain and can be impacted by numerous variables, including differences in legal rulings in various jurisdictions, the nature of the alleged injury and factors unrelated to the ultimate legal merit of the claims asserted against Metropolitan Life Insurance Company.

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company’s defenses include that: (i) Metropolitan Life Insurance Company owed no duty to the plaintiffs; (ii) plaintiffs did not rely on any actions of Metropolitan Life Insurance Company; (iii) Metropolitan Life Insurance Company’s conduct was not the cause of the plaintiffs’ injuries; and (iv) plaintiffs’ exposure occurred after the dangers of asbestos were known. During the course of the litigation, certain trial courts have granted motions dismissing claims against Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, while other trial courts have denied Metropolitan Life Insurance Company’s motions. There can be no assurance that Metropolitan Life Insurance Company will receive favorable decisions on motions in the future. While most cases brought to date have settled, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company intends to continue to defend aggressively against claims based on asbestos exposure, including defending claims at trials.

As reported in the 2023 Annual Report, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company received approximately 2,565 asbestos-related claims in 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company received approximately 2,251 and 1,924 new asbestos-related claims, respectively. See Note 19 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2023 Annual Report for historical information concerning asbestos claims and Metropolitan Life Insurance Company’s update in its recorded liability at December 31, 2023. The number of asbestos cases that may be brought, the aggregate amount of any liability that Metropolitan Life Insurance Company may incur, and the total amount paid in settlements in any given year are uncertain and may vary significantly from year to year.

The ability of Metropolitan Life Insurance Company to estimate its ultimate asbestos exposure is subject to considerable uncertainty, and the conditions impacting its liability can be dynamic and subject to change. The availability of reliable data is limited and it is difficult to predict the numerous variables that can affect liability estimates, including the number of future claims, the cost to resolve claims, the disease mix and severity of disease in pending and future claims, the willingness of courts to allow plaintiffs to pursue claims against Metropolitan Life Insurance Company when exposure to asbestos took place after the dangers of asbestos exposure were well known, and the impact of any possible future adverse verdicts and their amounts.

The ability to make estimates regarding ultimate asbestos exposure declines significantly as the estimates relate to years further in the future. In the Company’s judgment, there is a future point after which losses cease to be probable and reasonably estimable. It is reasonably possible that the Company’s total exposure to asbestos claims may be materially greater than the asbestos liability currently accrued and that future charges to income may be necessary, but management does not believe any such charges are likely to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position.

84

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

15. Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees (continued)

The Company believes adequate provision has been made in its interim condensed consolidated financial statements for all probable and reasonably estimable losses for asbestos-related claims. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company’s recorded asbestos liability covers pending claims, claims not yet asserted, and legal defense costs and is based on estimates and includes significant assumptions underlying its analysis.

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company reevaluates on a quarterly and annual basis its exposure from asbestos litigation, including studying its claims experience, reviewing external literature regarding asbestos claims experience in the United States, assessing relevant trends impacting asbestos liability and considering numerous variables that can affect its asbestos liability exposure on an overall or per claim basis. Based upon its regular reevaluation of its exposure from asbestos litigation, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company has updated its liability analysis for asbestos-related claims through September 30, 2024.

Total Asset Recovery Services, LLC. v. MetLife, Inc., et al. (Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, filed December 27, 2017)

Total Asset Recovery Services (the “Relator”) brought an action under the qui tam provision of the New York False Claims Act (the “Act”) on behalf of itself and the State of New York. The Relator originally filed this action under seal in 2010, and the complaint was unsealed on December 19, 2017. The Relator alleges that MetLife, Inc., Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and several other insurance companies violated the Act by filing false unclaimed property reports with the State of New York from 1986 to 2017, to avoid having to escheat the proceeds of more than 25,000 life insurance policies, including policies for which the defendants escheated funds as part of their demutualizations in the late 1990s. The Relator seeks treble damages and other relief. In December of 2020, the Appellate Division of the New York State Supreme Court, First Department, reversed the court’s order granting MetLife, Inc. and Metropolitan Life Insurance Company’s motion to dismiss and remanded the case. The Relator filed a Fourth Amended Complaint in January of 2023. On October 13, 2024, the trial court denied the defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint. The Company intends to defend the action vigorously.

Matters Related to Group Annuity Benefits

In 2018, the Company announced that it identified a material weakness in its internal control over financial reporting related to the practices and procedures for estimating reserves for certain group annuity benefits. Several regulators have made inquiries into the issue, and it is possible that other jurisdictions may pursue similar investigations or inquiries. The Company could be exposed to lawsuits, and additional legal actions relating to this issue. These may result in payments, including damages, fines, penalties, interest and other amounts assessed or awarded by courts or regulatory authorities under applicable escheat, tax, securities, Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, or other laws or regulations. The Company could incur significant costs in connection with these actions.

Commitments

Mortgage Loan Commitments

The Company commits to lend funds under mortgage loan commitments. The amounts of these mortgage loan commitments were $1.8 billion and $3.3 billion at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Commitments to Fund Partnership Investments, Bank Credit Facilities and Private Corporate Bond Investments

The Company commits to fund partnership investments and to lend funds under bank credit facilities and private corporate bond investments. The amounts of these unfunded commitments were $3.9 billion and $4.4 billion at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

85

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

15. Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees (continued)

Guarantees

In the normal course of its business, the Company has provided certain indemnities and guarantees to third parties such that it may be required to make payments now or in the future. In the context of acquisition, disposition, investment and other transactions, the Company has provided indemnities and guarantees, including those related to tax, environmental and other specific liabilities and other indemnities and guarantees that are triggered by, among other things, breaches of representations, warranties or covenants provided by the Company. In addition, in the normal course of business, the Company provides indemnifications to counterparties in contracts with triggers similar to the foregoing, as well as for certain other liabilities, such as third-party lawsuits. These obligations are often subject to time limitations that vary in duration, including contractual limitations and those that arise by operation of law, such as applicable statutes of limitation. In some cases, the maximum potential obligation under the indemnities and guarantees is subject to a contractual limitation ranging from less than $1 million to $537 million, with a cumulative maximum of $638 million, while in other cases such limitations are not specified or applicable. Since certain of these obligations are not subject to limitations, the Company does not believe that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount that could become due under these guarantees in the future. Management believes that it is unlikely the Company will have to make any material payments under these indemnities or guarantees.

In addition, the Company indemnifies its directors and officers as provided in its charters and by-laws. Also, the Company indemnifies its agents for liabilities incurred as a result of their representation of the Company’s interests. Since these indemnities are generally not subject to limitation with respect to duration or amount, the Company does not believe that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount that could become due under these indemnities in the future.

The Company’s recorded liabilities were $2 million at both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, for indemnities and guarantees.

86

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

16. Related Party Transactions

Service Agreements

The Company has entered into various agreements with affiliates for services necessary to conduct its activities. Typical services provided under these agreements include personnel, policy administrative functions and distribution services. The bases for such charges are modified and adjusted by management when necessary or appropriate to reflect fairly and equitably the actual cost incurred by the Company and/or its affiliates. Expenses and fees incurred with affiliates related to these agreements, recorded in other expenses, were $744 million and $2.2 billion for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $733 million and $2.2 billion for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Total revenues received from affiliates related to these agreements were $12 million and $33 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $14 million and $43 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

The Company had net payables to affiliates, related to the items discussed above, of $23 million and $56 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

See Note 9 for additional information on related party transactions.

87

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

16. Related Party Transactions (continued)

Related Party Reinsurance Transactions

The Company has reinsurance agreements with certain of MetLife, Inc.’s subsidiaries, including MetLife Reinsurance Company of Charleston (“MRC”), MetLife Reinsurance Company of Vermont, MTL, Superior Vision Insurance, Inc. and MetLife Insurance K.K., all of which are related parties.

Information regarding the significant effects of affiliated reinsurance on the interim condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) was as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In millions)
Premiums
Reinsurance assumed	$	2	$	2	$	4	$	(23)
Reinsurance ceded	(95)		(96)		(300)		(269)
Net premiums	$	(93)	$	(94)	$	(296)	$	(292)
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees
Reinsurance assumed	$	6	$	1	$	14	$	2
Reinsurance ceded	(1)		(1)		(2)		(5)
Net universal life and investment-type product policy fees	$	5	$	—	$	12	$	(3)
Other revenues
Reinsurance assumed	$	43	$	25	$	106	$	71
Reinsurance ceded	112		122		344		353
Net other revenues	$	155	$	147	$	450	$	424
Policyholder benefits and claims
Reinsurance assumed	$	8	$	14	$	31	$	(137)
Reinsurance ceded	(85)		(78)		(253)		(223)
Net policyholder benefits and claims	$	(77)	$	(64)	$	(222)	$	(360)
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gains) losses
Reinsurance assumed	$	(9)	$	—	$	(9)	$	(39)
Reinsurance ceded	5		(5)		5		(10)
Net policyholder liability remeasurement (gains) losses	$	(4)	$	(5)	$	(4)	$	(49)
Interest credited to PABs
Reinsurance assumed	$	89	$	93	$	268	$	254
Reinsurance ceded	(3)		(3)		(8)		(9)
Net interest credited to PABs	$	86	$	90	$	260	$	245
Other expenses
Reinsurance assumed	$	12	$	12	$	35	$	227
Reinsurance ceded	154		(28)		264		100
Net other expenses	$	166	$	(16)	$	299	$	327

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Metropolitan Life Insurance Company

(A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of MetLife, Inc.)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) — (continued)

16. Related Party Transactions (continued)

Information regarding the significant effects of affiliated reinsurance on the interim condensed consolidated balance sheets was as follows at:

	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Assumed		Ceded		Assumed		Ceded
	(In millions)
Assets
Premiums, reinsurance and other receivables	$	218	$	11,130	$	164	$	11,302
DAC and VOBA	144		(157)		158		(160)
Total assets	$	362	$	10,973	$	322	$	11,142
Liabilities
FPBs	$	2,150	$	—	$	2,236	$	—
PABs	8,950		—		9,040		—
Other policy-related balances	65		(45)		65		(35)
Other liabilities	1,016		10,057		957		10,267
Total liabilities	$	12,181	$	10,012	$	12,298	$	10,232

The Company ceded two blocks of business to an affiliate on a 75% coinsurance with funds withheld basis. Certain contractual features of these agreements qualify as embedded derivatives, which are separately accounted for at estimated fair value on the Company’s interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The embedded derivatives related to the funds withheld associated with these reinsurance agreements are included within other liabilities and were ($31) million and ($39) million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Net derivative gains (losses) associated with these embedded derivatives were ($15) million and ($8) million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $28 million and ($1) million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Certain contractual features of the closed block agreement with MRC qualify as embedded derivatives, which are separately accounted for at estimated fair value on the Company’s interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The embedded derivative related to the funds withheld associated with this reinsurance agreement was included within other liabilities and was ($166) million and ($265) million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Net derivative gains (losses) associated with the embedded derivative were ($235) million and ($99) million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $269 million and $218 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Index to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

	Page
Forward-Looking Statements and Other Financial Information	91
Business	91
Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates	92
Results of Operations	93
Adopted Accounting Pronouncements	98
Future Adoption of Accounting Pronouncements	98
Non-GAAP and Other Financial Disclosures	98
Risk Management	99

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Forward-Looking Statements and Other Financial Information

For purposes of this discussion, “MLIC,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, a New York corporation incorporated in 1868, and its subsidiaries. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company is a wholly-owned subsidiary of MetLife, Inc. (MetLife, Inc., together with its subsidiaries and affiliates, “MetLife”). Management’s narrative analysis of the Company’s results of operations is presented pursuant to General Instruction H(2)(a) of Form 10-Q. This narrative analysis should be read in conjunction with Metropolitan Life Insurance Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Annual Report”), the cautionary language regarding forward-looking statements included below, the “Risk Factors” set forth in Part II, Item 1A, and the additional risk factors referred to therein, and the Company’s interim condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein.

This narrative analysis may contain or incorporate by reference information that includes or is based upon forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. See “Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for cautionary language regarding forward-looking statements.

This narrative analysis includes references to our performance measure, adjusted earnings, that is not based on accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). See “— Non-GAAP and Other Financial Disclosures” for definitions and a discussion of this and other financial measures, and “— Results of Operations” for reconciliations of historical non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures.

Business

Current Market Conditions

In the United States (“U.S.”), the Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”) took various actions in 2023 to promote economic stability and combat inflation, including raising interest rates. Rates remained steady through most of 2024. However, in September 2024, the FOMC lowered interest rates, and market forecasts suggest it will continue to reduce interest rates through the remainder of 2024 and 2025 reflecting expectations for continued lower inflation.

Regulatory Developments

The following discussion on regulatory developments should be read in conjunction with “Business — Regulation” in the 2023 Annual Report, as amended or supplemented here.

State Insurance Regulation

Surplus and Capital

Investments

The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) is focused on enhancing regulatory oversight of insurers’ investments in complex assets, such as structured securities. In connection with evaluating the risks of investing in leveraged loans and collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), the NAIC adopted an amendment to the Purposes and Procedures Manual in 2023. Under the amendment, the NAIC Structured Securities Group (“SSG”) will assign risk weights to CLOs based on its own modeling, as opposed to credit ratings. The SSG will model CLO investments and evaluate tranche level losses across all debt tranches under a series of calibrated and weighted collateral stress scenarios to assign NAIC designations that minimize risk-based capital (“RBC”) arbitrage. The NAIC’s goal is to ensure that the aggregate RBC factor for owning all tranches of a CLO is similar to that required for owning all of the underlying loan collateral. In August 2024, the NAIC adopted an amendment to the Purposes and Procedures Manual, in which insurers are now required to begin reporting the financially modeled NAIC designations for CLOs with their year-end 2025 financial statement filings. The NAIC is collaborating with interested parties to refine the process for modeling CLO investments.

Innovation and Technology

The NAIC and state insurance regulators have been focused on addressing unfair discrimination in the use of consumer data and technology, and some states have passed laws targeting unfair discrimination practices. In July 2024, the New York State Department of Financial Services released its final circular letter focused on how insurers should develop and manage their use of external consumer data and artificial intelligence systems in underwriting and pricing so as not to harm consumers.

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Standards of Conduct, ERISA, Fiduciary Considerations, and Other Pension and Retirement Regulation

In 2023, the U.S. Department of Labor (the “DOL”) proposed a regulation to change the definition of “fiduciary” for purposes of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) and parallel provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), when a financial professional, including an insurance producer, provides investment advice, and to amend various existing prohibited transaction exemptions (“PTEs”) that financial professionals rely on when making recommendations. On April 23, 2024, the DOL finalized and published this new definition of “fiduciary” for purposes of ERISA and parallel provisions of the Code and finalized and published amendments to these PTEs. Shortly thereafter, these changes were challenged in court, including by a coalition of insurance industry trade associations that filed a motion for a preliminary injunction and stay of the amendments. In July 2024, two federal district courts entered separate stays of the effective date of the new regulation regarding the definition of “fiduciary” and the amendments to the PTEs, pending further orders of the courts. We are evaluating the potential impact of these developments on our business, particularly as it pertains to the sale of insurance, annuity and welfare benefit products to retirement investors.

Management of Climate Risk

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) is also continuing its focus on climate, and environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) risks and opportunities and has published its rulemaking list which contains certain ESG-related rulemakings that the SEC is considering. In March 2024, the SEC adopted final rules requiring registrants to provide additional climate-related information in their registration statements and annual reports, including in their financial statements. The rules include a phased-in compliance period beginning with the 2025 fiscal year for large accelerated reporting companies, including MetLife, Inc. Multiple parties initiated litigation challenging the final rules, and in April 2024, the SEC voluntarily stayed the final rules pending completion of judicial review.

Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to adopt accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported on the interim condensed consolidated financial statements. The most critical estimates include those used in determining:

(i)future policy benefit liabilities, market risk benefits (“MRBs”) and the accounting for reinsurance;

(ii)estimated fair values of investments in the absence of quoted market values;

(iii)investment allowance for credit loss and impairments;

(iv)estimated fair values of freestanding derivatives;

(v)measurement of employee benefit plan liabilities;

(vi)measurement of income taxes and the valuation of deferred tax assets; and

(vii)liabilities for litigation and regulatory matters.

In applying these policies and estimates, management makes subjective and complex judgments that frequently require assumptions about matters that are inherently uncertain. Many of these policies, estimates and related judgments are common in the insurance and financial services industries; others are specific to our business and operations. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

The Company’s critical accounting estimates are described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates” and Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2023 Annual Report.

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Results of Operations

Overview

MLIC is a provider of insurance, annuities, employee benefits and asset management. In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company reorganized from two segments into the following three segments to reflect changes in management’s responsibilities: Group Benefits, Retirement and Income Solutions (“RIS”), and MetLife Holdings. The Group Benefits and RIS businesses were previously reported as the U.S. segment. These changes were applied retrospectively and did not have an impact on prior period total consolidated net income (loss) or adjusted earnings. In addition, the Company continues to report certain of its results of operations in Corporate & Other. See Note 2 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the Company’s segments and Corporate & Other.

Key Financial Highlights     

•Net income attributable to MLIC of $1.9 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $1.8 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

•Adjusted earnings of $2.5 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $2.7 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Consolidated Results

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
	(In millions)
Revenues
Premiums	$	19,793	$	17,568
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees	1,109		1,295
Net investment income	8,680		8,422
Other revenues	1,347		1,241
Net investment gains (losses)	(423)		(1,223)
Net derivative gains (losses)	(378)		(486)
Total revenues	30,128		26,817
Expenses
Policyholder benefits and claims and policyholder dividends	21,091		19,100
Policyholder liability remeasurement (gains) losses	(148)		(146)
Market risk benefit remeasurement (gains) losses	(234)		(1,129)
Interest credited to policyholder account balances	2,863		2,662
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs and value of business acquired	207		226
Interest expense on debt	92		98
Other expenses, net of capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs	3,985		3,923
Total expenses	27,856		24,734
Income (loss) before provision for income tax	2,272		2,083
Provision for income tax expense (benefit)	395		285
Net income (loss)	1,877		1,798
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(7)		41
Net income (loss) attributable to Metropolitan Life Insurance Company	$	1,884	$	1,757

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

Net income (loss) attributable to MLIC - Increased $127 million primarily due to the following:

Net Investment Gains (Losses) - Favorable change of $800 million ($632 million, net of income tax):

•Impairment losses in the prior period for investments disposed of in connection with a reinsurance transaction that closed in November 2023

Partially offset by:

•Losses on sales of fixed maturity securities in the current period

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Net Derivative Gains (Losses) - Favorable change of $108 million ($85 million, net of income tax)(1):

•Long-term interest rates decreased in the current period compared to increased in the prior period - favorable impact to the estimated fair value of receiver swaps and swaptions

•Key equity market volatility increased in the current period compared to decreased in the prior period - favorable impact to equity options

Partially offset by:

•Change in the value of the underlying assets - unfavorable impact to embedded derivatives related to funds withheld on a certain reinsurance agreement

Market Risk Benefit Remeasurement (Gains) Losses(2) - Unfavorable change of $895 million ($707 million, net of income tax):

•Long-term interest rates decreased in the current period compared to increased in the prior period

Actuarial Assumption Review - Favorable change of $9 million ($7 million, net of income tax):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Variance
	2024		2023
	(In millions, net of income tax)
Assumptions
Economic	$	(26)	$	(25)	$	(1)
Mortality	105		28		77
Morbidity	—		(84)		84
Policyholder behavior	(44)		152		(196)
Operational	49		6		43
Total	$	84	$	77	$	7

•Total results for the nine months ended September 2024 and 2023 include gains of $84 million and $77 million, respectively:

◦Of the $84 million gain, a loss of $14 million was recognized in MRB remeasurement (gains) losses, a loss of $1 million was recognized in net derivative gains (losses), both of which are discussed above, and a gain of $99 million was recognized in adjusted earnings, which is discussed below

◦Of the $77 million gain, a loss of $7 million was recognized in MRB remeasurement (gains) losses, a loss of $2 million was recognized in net derivative gains (losses), both of which are discussed above, and a gain of $86 million was recognized in adjusted earnings, which is discussed below

◦The $7 million increase was primarily driven by (i) favorable mortality experience in the RIS segment in the current period and (ii) updates made in the prior period to morbidity assumptions in the MetLife Holdings segment associated with an increase in incident rates for our long-term care business, substantially offset by updates to policyholder behavior assumptions in the MetLife Holdings segment related to claim utilization experience for our long-term care business

Adjusted Earnings(3) - Unfavorable change of $229 million. See “— Consolidated Results — Adjusted Earnings.”

Taxes - Unfavorable change in effective tax rate - 17% in the current period compared to 14% in the prior period:

•Current period effective tax rate on income before provision for income tax was 17% compared to the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to tax benefits from:

◦Non-taxable investment income

◦Low income housing and other tax credits, partially offset by the impact of tax equity investments now accounted for under the proportional amortization method

◦Corporate tax deduction for stock compensation

94

•Prior period effective tax rate on income before provision for income tax was 14% compared to the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to tax benefits from:

◦Low income housing and other tax credits

◦Non-taxable investment income

__________________

(1)Includes amounts relating to investment hedge adjustments, which are also included in adjusted earnings.

(2)See Note 5 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the Company’s MRBs.

(3)As used in “— Consolidated Results — Adjusted Earnings” and as more fully described in “— Non-GAAP and Other Financial Disclosures,” we refer to adjusted earnings, which does not equate to net income (loss), as determined in accordance with GAAP, to analyze our performance, evaluate segment performance, and allocate resources. We believe that the presentation of adjusted earnings, as we measure it for management purposes, enhances the understanding of our performance by highlighting the results of operations and the underlying profitability drivers of the business. Adjusted earnings allows analysis of our performance and facilitates comparisons to industry results. Adjusted earnings should not be viewed as a substitute for net income (loss).

95

Reconciliation of net income (loss) to adjusted earnings and premiums, fees and other revenues to adjusted premiums, fees and other revenues

		Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2024		2023
		(In millions)
Net income (loss)		$	1,877	$	1,798
Less: adjustments from net income (loss) to adjusted earnings:
Revenues:
	Net investment gains (losses)	(423)		(1,223)
	Net derivative gains (losses)	(378)		(486)
	Premiums	—		—
	Universal life and investment-type product policy fees	—		—
	Net investment income	(263)		(596)
	Other revenues	86		(13)
Expenses:
	Policyholder benefits and claims and policyholder dividends	43		(8)
	Policyholder liability remeasurement (gains) losses	—		—
	Market risk benefit remeasurement (gains) losses	234		1,129
	Interest credited to policyholder account balances	(64)		2
	Capitalization of deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”)	—		—
	Amortization of DAC and value of business acquired	—		—
	Interest expense on debt	—		—
	Other expenses	(9)		49
	Provision for income tax (expense) benefit	176		240
Adjusted earnings		$	2,475	$	2,704
Premiums, fees and other revenues		$	22,249	$	20,104
Less: adjustments to premiums, fees and other revenues		86		(13)
Adjusted premiums, fees and other revenues		$	22,163	$	20,117

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Consolidated Results — Adjusted Earnings

Business Overview. Adjusted premiums, fees and other revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 increased $2.0 billion, or 10%, compared to the prior period. This was primarily due to growth in the pension risk transfer business and structured settlement sales in the RIS segment, as well as growth in the core and voluntary products in the Group Benefits segment, partially offset by a decrease in premiums related to our participating life contracts, which can fluctuate with claims experience, and the expected decline in the MetLife Holdings segment from business run-off. Changes in RIS premiums are generally offset by a corresponding change in policyholder benefits.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

Unless otherwise stated, all amounts discussed below are net of income tax.

Adjusted Earnings - Decreased $229 million primarily due to the following business drivers:

Reinsurance Transaction - Decreased adjusted earnings by approximately $120 million as a result of the reinsurance transaction that closed in November 2023 in the MetLife Holdings segment

Market Factors - Decreased adjusted earnings by $42 million:

•Higher average interest crediting rates on investment-type products, primarily in the RIS segment

Largely offset by:

•Variable investment income increased - higher returns on private equity funds

•Recurring investment income increased - higher yields on fixed income securities and mortgage loans and higher returns on fair value option securities, partially offset by lower income on derivatives and lower average invested assets in the MetLife Holdings segment due to business run-off

Volume Growth - Increased adjusted earnings by $27 million:

•Positive flows from pension risk transfer transactions and funding agreement issuances in the RIS segment, as well as higher average invested assets in Corporate & Other

Partially offset by:

•Increase in interest credited expenses on investment-type products, primarily in the RIS segment

•Lower separate account fee revenue in the RIS segment

Underwriting and Other Insurance Adjustments - Decreased adjusted earnings by $90 million:

•Unfavorable change from refinements to certain insurance and other liabilities in both periods - includes the unfavorable change from adjustments to certain deposit reinsurance assets and an unfavorable refinement in the current period on certain life policies in the Group Benefits segment

Largely offset by:

•Favorable underwriting:

◦Favorable mortality - lower claims incidence in the life business in the Group Benefits segment

◦Favorable morbidity experience in the long-term care business in the MetLife Holdings segment

Actuarial Assumption Review - Increased adjusted earnings by $15 million:

•2024 actuarial assumption review impacting the Group Benefits, RIS and MetLife Holdings segments - favorable impact of $99 million

•2023 actuarial assumption review impacting the Group Benefits, RIS and MetLife Holdings segments - favorable impact of $86 million

Expenses - Increased adjusted earnings by $35 million:

•Lower corporate-related expenses, including from initiatives and projects in Corporate & Other

Largely offset by:

•Higher technology, employee-related and various other operating expenses in the Group Benefits segment

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•Higher litigation reserves in Corporate & Other

•Higher reinsurance related variable expenses in the MetLife Holdings segment

Taxes - Unfavorable change in effective tax rate - 19% in the current period versus 16% in the prior period

•Current period effective tax rate on income before provision for income tax was 19% versus the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to tax benefits from:

◦Non-taxable investment income

◦Low income housing and other tax credits, partially offset by the impact of tax equity investments now accounted for under the proportional amortization method

◦Corporate tax deduction for stock compensation

•Prior period effective tax rate on income before provision for income tax was 16% versus the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to tax benefits from:

◦Low income housing and other tax credits

◦Non-taxable investment income

◦Corporate tax deduction for stock compensation

Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Future Adoption of Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Non-GAAP and Other Financial Disclosures

In this report, the Company presents certain measures of its performance that are not calculated in accordance with GAAP. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures enhance the understanding for the Company and our investors of our performance by highlighting the results of operations and the underlying profitability drivers of our business.

The following non-GAAP financial measures should not be viewed as substitutes for the most directly comparable financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP:

Non-GAAP financial measures:		Comparable GAAP financial measures:
(i)	adjusted premiums, fees and other revenues	(i)	premiums, fees and other revenues
(ii)	adjusted earnings	(ii)	net income (loss)

Reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable historical GAAP financial measures are included in “— Results of Operations.” Reconciliations of these non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are not accessible on a forward-looking basis because we believe it is not possible without unreasonable effort to provide other than a range of net investment gains and losses and net derivative gains and losses, which can fluctuate significantly within or outside the range and from period to period and may have a material impact on net income.

Our definitions of non-GAAP and other financial measures discussed in this report may differ from those used by other companies.

Adjusted earnings

This measure is used by management to evaluate performance and allocate resources. Consistent with GAAP guidance for segment reporting, adjusted earnings is also our GAAP measure of segment performance. Adjusted earnings allows analysis of our performance and facilitates comparisons to industry results.

Adjusted earnings is defined as adjusted revenues less adjusted expenses, net of income tax. For additional information relating to adjusted earnings, see “Financial Measures and Segment Accounting Policies” in Note 2 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

98

The following additional information is relevant to an understanding of our performance results:

•We sometimes refer to sales activity for various products. These sales statistics do not correspond to revenues under GAAP, but are used as relevant measures of business activity.

•Near-term represents one to three years.

•Allocated equity is the portion of MetLife, Inc.’s common stockholders’ equity that management allocates to each of its segments based on local capital requirements and economic capital. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Risk Management — Economic Capital” in the 2023 Annual Report. Allocated equity excludes the impact of accumulated other comprehensive income other than foreign currency translation adjustments.

Risk Management

See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Risk Management” in the 2023 Annual Report for information on our risk management.

99

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

There were no material changes to the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Part II — Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See Note 15 of the Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Certain factors that may affect the Company’s business or operations are described under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, of the 2023 Annual Report. There have been no material changes to our risk factors from the risk factors previously disclosed in the 2023 Annual Report.

Item 5. Other Information

Securities trading plans

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, none of our Section 16 officers or directors (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (as defined in Section 408(c) of Regulation S-K).

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Item 6. Exhibits

(Note Regarding Reliance on Statements in Our Contracts: In reviewing the agreements included as exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, please remember that they are included to provide you with information regarding their terms and are not intended to provide any other factual or disclosure information about Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, its subsidiaries or affiliates, or the other parties to the agreements. The agreements contain representations and warranties by each of the parties to the applicable agreement. These representations and warranties have been made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the applicable agreement and (i) should not in all instances be treated as categorical statements of fact, but rather as a way of allocating the risk to one of the parties if those statements prove to be inaccurate; (ii) have been qualified by disclosures that were made to the other party in connection with the negotiation of the applicable agreement, which disclosures are not necessarily reflected in the agreement; (iii) may apply standards of materiality in a way that is different from what may be viewed as material to investors; and (iv) were made only as of the date of the applicable agreement or such other date or dates as may be specified in the agreement and are subject to more recent developments. Accordingly, these representations and warranties may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time. Additional information about Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, its subsidiaries and affiliates may be found elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Metropolitan Life Insurance Company’s other public filings, which are available without charge through the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission website at www.sec.gov.)

		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No.	Description	Form	File Number	Exhibit	Filing Date	Filed or Furnished Herewith
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.					X
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.					X
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.					X
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.					X
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.					X
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.					X
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.					X
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.					X
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.					X
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.					X
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101).					X

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

METROPOLITAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
By:	/s/ Tamara L. Schock
	Name:  Tamara L. Schock Title:    Executive Vice President              and Chief Accounting Officer              (Authorized Signatory and Principal               Accounting Officer)

Date: November 6, 2024

102