UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to _____________

Commission file number 0-11733

CITY HOLDING COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

West Virginia			55-0619957
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
25 Gatewater Road,	Charleston,	West Virginia	25313
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)			(Zip Code)

(304) 769-1100

Registrant's telephone number, including area code

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $2.50 par value	CHCO	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  o 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).     Yes  x   No  o 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large Accelerated Filer	x	Accelerated filer	o
Non accelerated filer	o	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).     Yes  ☐     No  ☒

The registrant had outstanding 14,494,831 shares of common stock as of August 4, 2025.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements that are included pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements express only management's beliefs regarding future results or events and are subject to inherent uncertainty, risks, and changes in circumstances, many of which are outside of management's control. Uncertainty, risks, changes in circumstances and other factors could cause the Company's (as hereinafter defined) actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 under “ITEM 1A Risk Factors” and the following: (1) general economic conditions, especially in the communities and markets in which we conduct our business; (2) credit risk, including risk that negative credit quality trends may lead to a deterioration of asset quality, risk that our allowance for credit losses may not be sufficient to absorb actual losses in our loan portfolio, and risk from concentrations in our loan portfolio; (3) changes in the real estate market, including the value of collateral securing portions of our loan portfolio; (4) changes in the interest rate environment; (5) operational risk, including cybersecurity risk and risk of fraud, data processing system failures, and network breaches; (6) changes in technology and increased competition, including competition from non-bank financial institutions; (7) changes in consumer preferences, spending and borrowing habits, demand for our products and services, and customers' performance and creditworthiness; (8) difficulty growing loan and deposit balances; (9) our ability to effectively execute our business plan, including with respect to future acquisitions; (10) changes in regulations, laws, taxes, government policies, monetary policies and accounting policies affecting bank holding companies and their subsidiaries, including changes in deposit insurance premium levels; (11) deterioration in the financial condition of the U.S. banking system may impact the valuations of investments the Company has made in the securities of other financial institutions; (12) regulatory enforcement actions and adverse legal actions; (13) difficulty attracting and retaining key employees; and (14) other economic, competitive, technological, operational, governmental, regulatory, geopolitical, and market factors affecting our operations.  Forward-looking statements made herein reflect management's expectations as of the date such statements are made. Such information is provided to assist stockholders and potential investors in understanding current and anticipated financial operations of the Company and is included pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date such statements are made.

City Holding Company and Subsidiaries

PART I	Financial Information	Pages
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	2
	Consolidated Statements of Income	3
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	4
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	35
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	53
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	53
PART II	Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	53
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	53
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	54
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	54
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	54
Item 5.	Other Information	55
Item 6.	Exhibits	56
Signatures		57

Part I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 - Financial Statements

1

Consolidated Balance Sheets

City Holding Company and Subsidiaries

(in thousands, except share amounts)

	(Unaudited)
	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	145,876	$	117,580
Interest-bearing deposits in depository institutions	26,248		107,809
Cash and Cash Equivalents	172,124		225,389
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value (amortized cost $1,685,151 and $1,570,449, net of allowance for credit losses of $0 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively)	1,562,423		1,421,306
Other securities	29,768		29,803
Total Investment Securities	1,592,191		1,451,109
Gross loans	4,339,196		4,274,776
Allowance for credit losses	(19,724)		(21,922)
Net Loans	4,319,472		4,252,854
Bank owned life insurance	122,587		120,887
Premises and equipment, net	69,038		70,539
Accrued interest receivable	21,654		20,650
Deferred tax assets, net	33,994		41,704
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net	158,957		160,044
Other assets	108,120		116,283
Total Assets	$	6,598,137	$	6,459,459
Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$	1,383,247	$	1,344,449
Interest-bearing:
Demand deposits	1,333,858		1,335,220
Savings deposits	1,244,179		1,215,358
Time deposits	1,287,536		1,249,123
Total Deposits	5,248,820		5,144,150
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	339,834		325,655
FHLB long-term advances	150,000		150,000
Other liabilities	95,268		108,990
Total Liabilities	5,833,922		5,728,795
Commitments and contingencies - see Note I
Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, par value $25 per share: 500,000 shares authorized; none issued	—		—
Common stock, par value $2.50 per share: 50,000,000 shares authorized; 19,047,548 shares issued at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, less 4,552,717 and 4,342,108 shares in treasury, respectively	47,619		47,619
Capital surplus	172,853		176,506
Retained earnings	893,422		852,757
Treasury Stock	(254,181)		(230,499)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale	(94,056)		(114,277)
Underfunded pension liability	(1,442)		(1,442)
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	(95,498)		(115,719)
Total Shareholders’ Equity	764,215		730,664
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	$	6,598,137	$	6,459,459

To be read with the attached notes to consolidated financial statements.

2

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

City Holding Company and Subsidiaries

(in thousands, except earnings per share data)

Interest Income	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Interest and fees on loans	$	62,588	$	59,285	$	123,505	$	118,413
Interest and dividends on investment securities:
Taxable	15,347		13,947		29,292		25,987
Tax-exempt	712		838		1,436		1,668
Interest on deposits in depository institutions	1,644		1,920		3,446		3,490
Total Interest Income	80,291		75,990		157,679		149,558
Interest Expense
Interest on deposits	16,492		15,897		33,344		29,994
Interest on securities sold under agreements to repurchase	3,307		3,900		6,476		7,521
Interest on FHLB long-term advances	1,568		1,568		3,120		2,991
Total Interest Expense	21,367		21,365		42,940		40,506
Net Interest Income	58,924		54,625		114,739		109,052
(Recovery of) Provision for credit losses	(2,000)		500		(2,000)		320
Net Interest Income After (Recovery of) Provision for Credit Losses	60,924		54,125		116,739		108,732
Non-Interest Income
Gains (losses) on sale of investment securities, net	150		—		150		(1)
Unrealized (losses) gains recognized on equity securities still held, net	(263)		364		(268)		212
Service charges	7,264		6,980		14,415		14,015
Bankcard revenue	7,233		7,245		14,040		14,045
Wealth and investment management fee income	3,016		2,762		5,918		5,385
Bank owned  life insurance	942		775		2,095		1,702
Other income	894		785		1,623		1,501
Total Non-Interest Income	19,236		18,911		37,973		36,859
Non-Interest Expense
Salaries and employee benefits	19,995		18,751		39,189		37,629
Occupancy related expense	2,316		2,468		4,898		4,921
Equipment and software related expense	3,554		3,130		7,024		6,059
Bankcard expenses	2,203		2,290		4,418		4,329
Other tax-related matters	2,327		2,029		4,589		4,048
Advertising	964		972		1,837		1,839
FDIC insurance expense	756		718		1,532		1,429
Legal and professional fees	651		551		1,233		1,033
Repossessed asset losses, net of expenses	292		6		226		235
Other expenses	5,941		5,857		11,688		11,150
Total Non-Interest Expense	38,999		36,772		76,634		72,672
Income Before Income Taxes	41,161		36,264		78,078		72,919
Income tax expense	7,774		7,149		14,349		14,281
Net Income Available to Common Shareholders	$	33,387	$	29,115	$	63,729	$	58,638
Basic earnings per common share	$	2.29	$	1.96	$	4.35	$	3.95
Diluted earnings per common share	$	2.29	$	1.96	$	4.35	$	3.94

To be read with the attached notes to consolidated financial statements.

3

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

City Holding Company and Subsidiaries

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income available to common shareholders	$	33,387	$	29,115	$	63,729	$	58,638
Available-for-Sale Securities
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities arising during the period	5,967		(930)		26,553		(15,437)
Reclassification adjustment for net (gains) losses	(150)		—		(150)		1
Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes	5,817		(930)		26,403		(15,436)
Tax effect	(1,364)		216		(6,182)		3,657
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	4,453		(714)		20,221		(11,779)
Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax	$	37,840	$	28,401	$	83,950	$	46,859

To be read with the attached notes to consolidated financial statements.

4

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

City Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

(in thousands, except share amounts)

	Common Stock		Capital Surplus		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)		Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	47,619	$	175,747	$	799,024	$	(218,555)	$	(121,604)	$	682,231
Net income	—		—		29,115		—		—		29,115
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		—		—		(714)		(714)
Cash dividends declared ($0.72 per share)	—		—		(10,590)		—		—		(10,590)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		707		—		—		—		707
Restricted awards granted	—		(1,486)		—		1,486		—		—
Exercise of 3,700 stock options	—		(134)		—		368		—		234
Purchase of 142,091 treasury shares	—		—		—		(14,243)		—		(14,243)
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	47,619	$	174,834	$	817,549	$	(230,944)	$	(122,318)	$	686,740

	Common Stock		Capital Surplus		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)		Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at March 31, 2025	$	47,619	$	174,300	$	871,406	$	(237,038)	$	(99,951)	$	756,336
Net income	—		—		33,387		—		—		33,387
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—		—		—		4,453		4,453
Cash dividends declared ($0.79 per share)	—		53		(11,371)		—		—		(11,318)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		786		—		—		—		786
Restricted awards granted	—		(2,286)		—		2,286		—		—
Purchase of 174,894 treasury shares	—		—		—		(19,429)		—		(19,429)
Balance at June 30, 2025	$	47,619	$	172,853	$	893,422	$	(254,181)	$	(95,498)	$	764,215

To be read with the attached notes to consolidated financial statements.

5

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

City Holding Company and Subsidiaries

Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024

(in thousands, except share amounts)

	Common Stock		Capital Surplus		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)		Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	47,619	$	177,424	$	780,299	$	(217,737)	$	(110,539)	677,066
Net income	—		—		58,638		—		—		58,638
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		—		—		(11,779)		(11,779)
Cash dividends declared ($1.43 per share)	—		—		(21,388)		—		—		(21,388)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		1,807		—		—		—		1,807
Restricted awards granted	—		(4,204)		—		4,204		—		—
Exercise of 5,009 stock options	—		(193)		—		485		—		292
Purchase of 178,529 treasury shares	—		—		—		(17,896)		—		(17,896)
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	47,619	$	174,834	$	817,549	$	(230,944)	$	(122,318)	$	686,740

	Common Stock		Capital Surplus		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)		Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2024	$	47,619	$	176,506	$	852,757	$	(230,499)	$	(115,719)	$	730,664
Net income	—		—		63,729		—		—		63,729
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—		—		—		20,221		20,221
Cash dividends declared ($1.58 per share)	—		53		(23,064)		—		—		(23,011)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		1,505		—		—		—		1,505
Restricted awards granted	—		(5,211)		—		5,211		—		—
Purchase of 255,494 treasury shares	—		—		—		(28,893)		—		(28,893)
Balance at June 30, 2025	$	47,619	$	172,853	$	893,422	$	(254,181)	$	(95,498)	$	764,215

To be read with the attached notes to consolidated financial statements.

6

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

City Holding Company and Subsidiaries

(in thousands)

	Six months ended June 30,
	2025		2024
Net income	$	63,729	$	58,638
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization, net	4,614		3,947
(Recovery of) Provision for credit losses	(2,000)		320
Depreciation of premises and equipment	2,096		2,114
Deferred income tax expense	1,437		1,446
Net periodic pension (benefit) cost	(48)		31
Unrealized and realized investment securities losses (gains), net	118		(211)
Stock-compensation expense	1,505		1,807
Excess tax expense from stock-compensation	473		273
Increase in value of bank-owned life insurance	(2,095)		(1,751)
Loans held for sale
Loans originated for sale	(9,692)		(7,100)
Proceeds from the sale of loans originated for sale	8,807		7,148
Gain on sale of loans	(157)		(48)
Change in accrued interest receivable	(1,004)		(1,536)
Change in other assets	(11,539)		3,435
Change in other liabilities	3,490		(8,023)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	59,734		60,490
Net (increase) decrease in loans	(61,983)		13,569
Securities available-for-sale
Purchases	(225,845)		(192,555)
Proceeds from sales of securities available-for-sale	14,882		—
Proceeds from maturities and calls	98,545		57,744
Other investments
Purchases	(257)		(221)
Proceeds from sales	24		162
Purchases of premises and equipment	(641)		(1,102)
Proceeds from the disposals of premises and equipment	46		93
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance policies	—		223
Payments for low income housing tax credits	(4,164)		(8,270)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	(179,393)		(130,357)
Net increase in non-interest-bearing deposits	38,798		11,856
Net increase in interest-bearing deposits	65,882		121,246
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings	14,179		(12,188)
Proceeds from long-term debt	—		50,000
Purchases of treasury stock	(28,893)		(17,896)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	—		292
Lease payments	(371)		(379)
Dividends paid	(23,201)		(21,354)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities	66,394		131,577
(Decrease) Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents	(53,265)		61,710
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	225,389		156,276
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period	$	172,124	$	217,986
Supplemental Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for interest	$	44,119	$	38,639
Cash paid for income taxes	13,372		14,975

To be read with the attached notes to consolidated financial statements.

7

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

June 30, 2025

Note A -        Background and Basis of Presentation

City Holding Company ("City Holding"), a West Virginia corporation headquartered in Charleston, West Virginia, is a registered financial holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act and conducts its principal activities through its wholly-owned subsidiary, City National Bank of West Virginia ("City National"). City National is a retail and consumer-oriented community bank with 96 banking offices in West Virginia (58), Kentucky (22), Virginia (13) and southeastern Ohio (3). City National provides credit, deposit, and wealth and investment management services to its customers in a broad geographical area that includes many rural and small community markets in addition to larger cities including Charleston (WV), Huntington (WV), Martinsburg (WV), Ashland (KY), Lexington (KY), Winchester (VA) and Staunton (VA). In addition to its branch network, City National's delivery channels include automated-teller-machines ("ATMs"), interactive-teller machines ("ITMs"), mobile banking, debit cards, interactive voice response systems, and Internet technology.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements, which are unaudited, include all of the accounts of City Holding and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company"). All material intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The consolidated financial statements include all adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations and financial condition for each of the periods presented. Such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that can be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025. The Company’s accounting and reporting policies conform with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information, with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Such policies require management to make estimates and develop assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes. Actual results could differ from management’s estimates.

The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 has been derived from audited financial statements included in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report to Shareholders.  Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles have been omitted.  These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the 2024 Annual Report of the Company.

Note B -        Recent Accounting Pronouncements    

Recently Adopted

In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-01, "Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope Application of Profits Interest Awards." The amendment clarifies how an entity determines whether a profits interest or similar award is within the scope of ASC Topic 718 or not a share-based payment arrangement and therefore within the scope of other guidance. This ASU became effective for the Company on March 31, 2025. The adoption of ASU No. 2024-01 did not have a material impact to the Company's financial statements.

In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-02, "Codification Improvements: Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements." The amendment removes various references to the FASB’s Concepts Statements from the FASB’s Accounting Standards Codification (Codification or GAAP). This ASU became effective for the Company on March 31, 2025. The adoption of ASU No. 2024-02 did not have a material impact to the Company's financial statements.

Pending Adoption

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures." The amendment requires companies to disclose, on an annual basis, specific categories in the effective tax rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. In addition, ASU 2023-09 requires companies to disclose additional information about income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 will be effective for annual periods beginning January 1, 2025 and will be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. The adoption of ASU No. 2023-09 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements, but will impact our income tax disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, "Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Topic 230): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses." The amendment requires disclosure of disaggregated information about

8

specific expense categories underlying certain income statement expense line items. This ASU will become effective for the Company on December 31, 2027. The adoption of ASU No. 2024-03 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

Note C -     Reportable Segment

The Company conducts its business activities through community banking. Community banking revolves around serving the community and customers where the bank has branches and offices. Community banking consists of lending, depository, and trust relationships.

The Company’s chief executive officer is in charge of allocating the Company’s resources and assessing the Company's performance, and as such, has been identified as the chief operating decision maker. The chief operating decision maker regularly reviews a multitude of reports that have a varying level of combined detail on products offered, however, all of the information and activity reviewed fall under the definition of community banking.

Based on the business activities and information reviewed by the chief operating decision maker, the Company has one reportable segment — Community Banking.

The accounting policies of the community banking segment are the same as those for the Company described in Note A. In accordance with ASC Topic 280, the Company has concluded that consolidated net income is the measure of segment profit or loss that is required to be reported because it is the measure determined in accordance with measurement principles that are most consistent with US GAAP. As the Company only has one reportable segment, total segment net income and total segment assets are equivalent to the results disclosed in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income (reported as "Income Available to Common Shareholders" and Consolidated Balance Sheets (reported as "Total Assets"), respectively.

Note D -     Investments

The aggregate carrying and approximate fair values of investment securities follow (in thousands).  Fair values are based on quoted market prices, where available.  If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable financial instruments.

	June 30, 2025								December 31, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Securities available-for-sale:
Obligations of states and
political subdivisions	$	181,301	$	66	$	15,394	$	165,973	$	199,131	$	139	$	15,519	$	183,751
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. government agencies	1,467,378		4,800		111,216		1,360,962		1,334,755		1,993		134,667		1,202,081
Private label	5,078		—		105		4,973		5,096		—		163		4,933
Trust preferred securities	4,608		—		178		4,430		4,605		141		—		4,746
Corporate securities	26,786		84		785		26,085		26,862		144		1,211		25,795
Total Securities Available-for-Sale	$	1,685,151	$	4,950	$	127,678	$	1,562,423	$	1,570,449	$	2,417	$	151,560	$	1,421,306

The Company's other investment securities include marketable equity securities and non-marketable equity securities held for investment. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company held $5.9 million and $6.2 million, respectively, in marketable equity securities. Changes in the fair value of the marketable equity securities are recorded in "unrealized losses recognized on equity securities still held, net" in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company's non-marketable securities consist of securities with limited marketability, such as stock in the Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB") or the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB"). At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company held $23.9 million and $23.6 million, respectively, in non-marketable equity securities. These securities are carried at cost due to the restrictions placed on their transferability.

The majority of the Company's investment securities are mortgage-backed. These securities are collateralized by both residential and commercial properties. The mortgage-backed securities in which the Company has invested are predominantly issued by government-sponsored agencies such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Ginnie Mae. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 there were no securities of any non-governmental issuer whose aggregate carrying value or estimated fair value exceeded 10% of shareholders' equity.

9

Certain investment securities owned by the Company were in an unrealized loss position (i.e., amortized cost basis exceeded the estimated fair value of the securities) as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.  The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s investments aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands):

	June 30, 2025
	Less Than Twelve Months				Twelve Months or Greater				Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Securities available-for-sale:
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	6,350	$	126	$	149,636	$	15,268	$	155,986	$	15,394
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. Government agencies	54,417		8,663		715,841		102,553		770,258		111,216
Private label	—		—		4,973		105		4,973		105
Trust preferred securities	4,430		178		—		—		4,430		178
Corporate securities	—		—		24,364		785		24,364		785
Total available-for-sale	$	65,197	$	8,967	$	894,814	$	118,711	$	960,011	$	127,678

	December 31, 2024
	Less Than Twelve Months				Twelve Months or Greater				Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Securities available-for-sale:
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	19,724	$	422	$	151,508	$	15,097	$	171,232	$	15,519
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. Government agencies	114,560		12,669		710,651		121,998		825,211		134,667
Private label	—		—		4,933		163		4,933		163
Trust preferred securities	—		—		—		—		—		—
Corporate securities	—		—		24,035		1,211		24,035		1,211
Total available-for-sale	$	134,284	$	13,091	$	891,127	$	138,469	$	1,025,411	$	151,560

As of June 30, 2025, management does not intend to sell any impaired security, and it is not more than likely that it will be required to sell any impaired security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis. The unrealized losses on debt securities are primarily the result of interest rate changes, credit spread fluctuations on agency-issued mortgage-related securities, general financial market uncertainty and market volatility. These conditions should not prohibit the Company from receiving its contractual principal and interest payments on its debt securities. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach their maturity date or repricing date. Due to the previously mentioned factors, as of June 30, 2025, management believes the unrealized losses detailed in the table above are temporary and therefore no allowance for credit losses has been recognized on the Company’s securities. Should the impairment of any of these securities become other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the investment will be reduced and the resulting loss will be recognized in net income in the period the other-than-temporary impairment is identified, while any noncredit loss will be recognized in other comprehensive income.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities at June 30, 2025, by contractual maturity, is shown in the following table (in thousands).  Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because the issuers of the securities may have the right to prepay obligations without prepayment penalties.  Mortgage-backed securities have been allocated to their respective maturity groupings based on their contractual maturity.

	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-Sale Debt Securities
Due in one year or less	$	16,326	$	16,256
Due after one year through five years	146,381		141,565
Due after five years through ten years	296,725		281,560
Due after ten years	1,225,719		1,123,042
Total	$	1,685,151	$	1,562,423

10

Proceeds from sales, gross gains and gross losses recognized by the Company from investment security transactions are summarized in the table below (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Proceeds on sales of available for sale securities	$	14,882	$	—	$	14,882	$	—
Gross realized gains on available for sale securities sold	$	237	$	—	$	237	$	—
Gross realized losses on available for sale securities sold	(87)		—		(87)		(1)
Net realized available for sale securities gains (losses)	$	150	$	—	$	150	$	(1)
Gross unrealized gains recognized on equity securities still held	$	26	$	375	$	62	$	247
Gross unrealized losses recognized on equity securities still held	(289)		(11)		(330)		(35)
Net unrealized (losses) gains recognized on equity securities still held	$	(263)	$	364	$	(268)	$	212

The carrying value of securities pledged to secure public deposits and for other purposes as required or permitted by law approximated $689 million and $694 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Note E -        Loans

The following table summarizes the Company’s major classifications for loans (in thousands):

	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	409,317	$	419,838
1-4 Family	199,400		197,258
Hotels	380,496		389,660
Multi-family	221,970		240,943
Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied	740,104		707,265
Non Residential Owner Occupied	236,935		233,497
Commercial real estate	1,778,905		1,768,623
Residential real estate	1,884,449		1,823,610
Home equity	207,906		199,192
Consumer	52,795		57,816
Demand deposit account (DDA) overdrafts	5,824		5,697
Gross loans	4,339,196		4,274,776
Allowance for credit losses	(19,724)		(21,922)
Net loans	$	4,319,472	$	4,252,854
Construction loans included in:
Commercial real estate	28,781		24,681
Residential real estate	$	6,416	$	7,547

The Company’s commercial and residential real estate construction loans are primarily secured by real estate within the Company’s principal markets.  These loans were originated under the Company’s loan policies, which are focused on the risk characteristics of the loan portfolio, including construction loans. In the judgment of the Company's management, adequate consideration has been given to these loans in establishing the Company's allowance for credit losses (see Note F for additional information).

11

Note F -      Allowance for Credit Losses

The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for credit losses, by portfolio loan classification, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands).  The allocation of a portion of the allowance in one portfolio segment does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other portfolio segments.

	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		(Recovery of) provision for credit losses		Ending Balance
Six months ended June 30, 2025
Commercial and industrial	$	4,541	$	(30)	$	52	$	(1,553)	$	3,010
1-4 Family	1,366		—		33		(9)		1,390
Hotels	2,355		(220)		—		(1)		2,134
Multi-family	1,390		—		—		28		1,418
Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied	3,001		—		48		81		3,130
Non Residential Owner Occupied	1,725		—		—		29		1,754
Commercial real estate	9,837		(220)		81		128		9,826
Residential real estate	5,731		(49)		50		(286)		5,446
Home equity	643		(98)		100		(97)		548
Consumer	381		(165)		34		21		271
DDA overdrafts	789		(706)		753		(213)		623
	$	21,922	$	(1,268)	$	1,070	$	(2,000)	$	19,724
	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision for (recovery of) credit losses		Ending Balance
Six months ended June 30, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	4,474	$	(367)	$	63	$	62	$	4,232
1-4 Family	1,402		(68)		23		5		1,362
Hotels	2,211		—		—		217		2,428
Multi-family	1,002		—		—		(11)		991
Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied	4,077		(3)		3		(283)		3,794
Non Residential Owner Occupied	2,453		—		150		(206)		2,397
Commercial real estate	11,145		(71)		176		(278)		10,972
Residential real estate	5,398		(305)		228		400		5,721
Home equity	490		(148)		47		181		570
Consumer	269		(135)		122		121		377
DDA Overdrafts	969		(729)		742		(166)		816
	$	22,745	$	(1,755)	$	1,378	$	320	$	22,688

12

	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		(Recovery of) provision for credit losses		Ending Balance
Three months ended June 30, 2025
Commercial and industrial	$	4,761	$	—	$	15	$	(1,766)	$	3,010
1-4 Family	1,420		—		6		(36)		1,390
Hotels	2,130		—		—		4		2,134
Multi-family	1,409		—		—		9		1,418
Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied	3,156		—		45		(71)		3,130
Non Residential Owner Occupied	1,780		—		—		(26)		1,754
Commercial real estate	9,895		—		51		(120)		9,826
Residential real estate	5,420		(49)		49		26		5,446
Home equity	593		(97)		96		(44)		548
Consumer	287		(36)		25		(5)		271
DDA overdrafts	713		(327)		328		(91)		623
	$	21,669	$	(509)	$	564	$	(2,000)	$	19,724
	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		(Recovery of) provision for credit losses		Ending Balance
Three months ended June 30, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	4,275	$	(61)	$	38	$	(20)	$	4,232
1-4 Family	1,394		(37)		12		(7)		1,362
Hotels	2,257		—		—		171		2,428
Multi-family	999		—		—		(8)		991
Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied	4,012		(3)		3		(218)		3,794
Non Residential Owner Occupied	2,421		—		150		(174)		2,397
Commercial real estate	11,083		(40)		165		(236)		10,972
Residential real estate	5,137		(286)		179		691		5,721
Home equity	507		(121)		38		146		570
Consumer	426		(20)		24		(53)		377
DDA Overdrafts	882		(373)		335		(28)		816
	$	22,310	$	(901)	$	779	$	500	$	22,688

Management systematically monitors the loan portfolio and the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis to provide for expected losses inherent in the portfolio. Management assesses the risk in each loan type based on historical trends, the general economic environment of its local markets, individual loan performance and other relevant factors. The Company's estimate of future economic conditions utilized in its provision estimate is primarily dependent on expected unemployment ranges over a two-year period. Beyond two years, a straight line reversion to historical average loss rates is applied over the life of the loan pool in the migration methodology. The vintage methodology applies future average loss rates based on net losses in historical periods where the unemployment rate was within the forecasted range.

Individual credits in excess of $1 million are selected at least annually for detailed loan reviews, which are utilized by management to assess the risk in the portfolio and the appropriateness of the allowance.

Non-Performing Loans

13

Interest income on loans is accrued and credited to operations based upon the principal amount outstanding, using methods that generally result in level rates of return.  Loan origination fees, and certain direct costs, are deferred and amortized as an adjustment to the yield over the term of the loan.  The accrual of interest generally is discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days past due as to principal or interest for all loan types.  However, any loan may be placed on non-accrual status if the Company receives information that indicates a borrower is unable to meet the contractual terms of its respective loan agreement. Other indicators considered for placing a loan on non-accrual status include the borrower’s involvement in bankruptcies, foreclosures, repossessions, litigation and any other situation resulting in doubt as to whether full collection of contractual principal and interest is attainable.  When interest accruals are discontinued, unpaid interest recognized in income in the current year is reversed, and interest accrued in prior years is charged to the allowance for credit losses.  Management may elect to continue the accrual of interest when the net realizable value of collateral exceeds the principal balance and related accrued interest, and the loan is in the process of collection.

Generally for all loan classes, interest income during the period the loan is non-performing is recorded on a cash basis after recovery of principal is reasonably assured.  Cash payments received on nonperforming loans are typically applied directly against the outstanding principal balance until the loan is fully repaid.  Generally, loans are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, the borrower has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status and loans past due over 90 days still accruing as of June 30, 2025 (in thousands):

	Non-accrual With No		Non-accrual With		Loans Past Due
	Allowance for		Allowance for		Over 90 Days
	Credit Losses		Credit Losses		Still Accruing
Commercial & Industrial	$	502	$	98	$	—
1-4 Family	—		109		—
Hotels	1,686		—		—
Multi-family	—		—		—
Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied	—		288		—
Non Residential Owner Occupied	5,760		1,672		—
Commercial Real Estate	7,446		2,069		—
Residential Real Estate	—		3,602		—
Home Equity	—		283		63
Consumer	—		—		—
Total	$	7,948	$	6,052	$	63

14

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status and loans past due over 90 days still accruing as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

	Non-accrual With No		Non-accrual With		Loans Past Due
	Allowance for		Allowance for		Over 90 Days
	Credit Losses		Credit Losses		Still Accruing
Commercial & Industrial	$	590	$	2,571	$	—
1-4 Family	—		134		—
Hotels	—		—		—
Multi-family	—		—		—
Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied	—		346		—
Non Residential Owner Occupied	6,012		1,341		—
Commercial Real Estate	6,012		1,821		—
Residential Real Estate	—		2,823		156
Home Equity	—		212		26
Consumer	—		—		—
Total	$	6,602	$	7,427	$	182

The Company recognized no interest income on non-accrual loans during each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

As of June 30, 2025, the company had one commercial and industrial loan, one hotel loan, and three owner occupied commercial real estate loans that were considered individually evaluated collateral-dependent loans totaling $7.9 million. The company had one commercial and industrial and three owner occupied commercial real estate individually evaluated collateral dependent loans recorded at $6.6 million as of December 31, 2024. Changes in the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent loans are reported as a provision for credit loss or a recovery of credit loss in the period of change.

Generally, all loan types are considered past due when the contractual terms of a loan are not met and the borrower is 30 days or more past due on a payment.  Furthermore, residential and home equity loans are generally subject to charge-off when the loan becomes 120 days past due, depending on the estimated fair value of the collateral less cost to dispose, versus the outstanding loan balance.  Commercial loans are generally charged off when the loan becomes 120 days past due.  Open-end consumer loans are generally charged off when the loan becomes 90 days past due.

15

The following tables present the aging of the amortized cost basis in past-due loans as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 by class of loan (in thousands):

	June 30, 2025
	30-59		60-89		90+		Total		Current		Non-		Total
	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Loans		accrual		Loans
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	408,717	$	600	$	409,317
1-4 Family	182		—		—		182		199,109		109		199,400
Hotels	—		—		—		—		378,810		1,686		380,496
Multi-family	—		—		—		—		221,970		—		221,970
Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied	—		—		—		—		739,816		288		740,104
Non Residential Owner Occupied	20		—		—		20		229,483		7,432		236,935
Commercial real estate	202		—		—		202		1,769,188		9,515		1,778,905
Residential real estate	5,618		879		—		6,497		1,874,350		3,602		1,884,449
Home Equity	695		30		63		788		206,835		283		207,906
Consumer	163		—		—		163		52,632		—		52,795
Overdrafts	321		15		—		336		5,488		—		5,824
Total	$	6,999	$	924	$	63	$	7,986	$	4,317,210	$	14,000	$	4,339,196

	December 31, 2024
	30-59		60-89		90+		Total		Current		Non-		Total
	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Loans		accrual		Loans
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	416,677	$	3,161	$	419,838
1-4 Family	106		—		—		106		197,018		134		197,258
Hotels	—		—		—		—		389,660		—		389,660
Multi-family	—		—		—		—		240,943		—		240,943
Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied	—		—		—		—		706,919		346		707,265
Non Residential Owner Occupied	134		—		—		134		226,010		7,353		233,497
Commercial real estate	240		—		—		240		1,760,550		7,833		1,768,623
Residential real estate	6,014		842		156		7,012		1,813,775		2,823		1,823,610
Home Equity	687		189		26		902		198,078		212		199,192
Consumer	145		128		—		273		57,543		—		57,816
Overdrafts	384		7		—		391		5,306		—		5,697
Total	$	7,470	$	1,166	$	182	$	8,818	$	4,251,929	$	14,029	$	4,274,776

Loan Restructurings

The Company evaluates all loan restructurings in accordance with ASU No. 2022-02 for loan modifications to determine if the restructuring results in a new loan or a continuation of the existing loan. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that result in a direct change in the timing or amount of contractual cash flows include situations where there is principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, term extensions, and combinations of the listed modifications. Therefore, the disclosures related to loan restructurings are only for modifications that directly affect cash flows. As of December 31, 2024 the Company had one loan considered to be restructured

16

with a total balance of $0.2 million. The Company had five loans considered to be restructured with a total balance of $6.3 million as of June 30, 2025.

A loan that is considered a restructured loan may be subject to the individually evaluated loan analysis, otherwise, the restructured loan will remain in the appropriate segment in the Allowance for Credit Losses model and associated reserves will be adjusted based on changes in the discounted cash flows resulting from the modification of the restructured loan.

Credit Quality Indicators

All commercial loans within the portfolio are subject to internal risk rating.  All non-commercial loans are evaluated based on payment history.  The Company’s internal risk ratings for commercial loans are:  Exceptional, Good, Acceptable, Pass/Watch, Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful.  Each internal risk rating is defined in the loan policy using the following criteria:  balance sheet yields; ratios and leverage; cash flow spread and coverage; prior history; capability of management; market position/industry; potential impact of changing economic, legal, regulatory or environmental conditions; purpose; structure; collateral support; and guarantor support.  Risk grades are generally assigned by the primary lending officer and are periodically evaluated by the Company’s internal loan review process.  Based on an individual loan’s risk grade, estimated loss percentages are applied to the outstanding balance of the loan to determine the amount of expected loss.

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information regarding the customer’s debt service ability, capacity and overall collateral position, along with other economic trends and historical payment performance.  The risk rating for each credit is updated when the Company receives current financial information, the loan is reviewed by the Company’s internal loan review and credit administration departments, or the loan becomes delinquent or impaired.  The risk grades are updated a minimum of annually for loans rated Exceptional, Good, Acceptable, or Pass/Watch.  Loans rated Special Mention, Substandard or Doubtful are reviewed at least quarterly.  The Company uses the following definitions for its risk ratings:

Risk Rating	Description
Pass Ratings:
(a) Exceptional	Loans classified as exceptional are secured with liquid collateral conforming to the internal loan policy.  Loans rated within this category pose minimal risk of loss to the bank.
(b) Good	Loans classified as good have similar characteristics that include a strong balance sheet, satisfactory debt service coverage ratios, strong management and/or guarantors, and little exposure to economic cycles. Loans in this category generally have a low chance of loss to the bank.
(c) Acceptable	Loans classified as acceptable have acceptable liquidity levels, adequate debt service coverage ratios, experienced management, and have average exposure to economic cycles.  Loans within this category generally have a low risk of loss to the bank.
(d) Pass/watch	Loans classified as pass/watch have erratic levels of leverage and/or liquidity, cash flow is volatile and the borrower is subject to moderate economic risk.  A borrower in this category poses a low to moderate risk of loss to the bank.
Special mention	Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness(es) that deserves management’s close attention.  The potential weakness could result in deterioration of the loan repayment or the bank’s credit position at some future date.  A loan rated in this category poses a moderate loss risk to the bank.
Substandard	Loans classified as substandard reflect a customer with a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt.  Loans in this category have the possibility that the bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected and the bank’s collateral value is weakened by the financial deterioration of the borrower.
Doubtful	Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristics that make collection of the full contract amount highly improbable.  Loans rated in this category are most likely to cause the bank to have a loss due to a collateral shortfall or a negative capital position.

17

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 is as follows (in thousands), with the loans acquired from Citizens categorized by their origination date:

													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
June 30, 2025	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Commercial and industrial
Pass	$	20,663	$	60,954	$	56,231	$	23,409	$	58,196	$	50,899	$	131,802	$	402,154
Special mention	—		72		4		—		—		—		—		76
Substandard	—		47		127		894		57		1,984		3,978		7,087
Total	$	20,663	$	61,073	$	56,362	$	24,303	$	58,253	$	52,883	$	135,780	$	409,317
YTD Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	30	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	30

													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
December 31, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Commercial and industrial
Pass	$	65,161	$	63,650	$	26,201	$	62,445	$	36,440	$	21,148	$	109,869	$	384,914
Special mention	60		5		—		—		—		—		—		65
Substandard	1,134		452		1,926		548		2,449		2,051		26,299		34,859
Total	$	66,355	$	64,107	$	28,127	$	62,993	$	38,889	$	23,199	$	136,168	$	419,838

													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
June 30, 2025	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Commercial real estate -
1-4 Family
Pass	$	17,710	$	35,634	$	24,804	$	35,041	$	26,141	$	44,736	$	10,174	$	194,240
Special mention	—		—		—		1,318		—		723		—		2,041
Substandard	—		—		—		1,639		406		1,074		—		3,119
Total	$	17,710	$	35,634	$	24,804	$	37,998	$	26,547	$	46,533	$	10,174	$	199,400
YTD Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

18

													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
December 31, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Commercial real estate -
1-4 Family
Pass	$	39,992	$	28,545	$	38,562	$	27,846	$	18,218	$	29,102	$	10,011	$	192,276
Special mention	—		—		180		—		842		613		—		1,635
Substandard	—		—		1,688		411		312		936		—		3,347
Total	$	39,992	$	28,545	$	40,430	$	28,257	$	19,372	$	30,651	$	10,011	$	197,258

													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
June 30, 2025	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Commercial real estate -
Hotels
Pass	$	11,990	$	46,581	$	49,399	$	76,308	$	28,468	$	143,437	$	—	$	356,183
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		24,313		—		24,313
Total	$	11,990	$	46,581	$	49,399	$	76,308	$	28,468	$	167,750	$	—	$	380,496
YTD Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	220	$	—	$	220

													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
December 31, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Commercial real estate -
Hotels
Pass	$	46,980	$	48,278	$	78,225	$	31,161	$	6,742	$	152,896	$	288	$	364,570
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		25,090		—		25,090
Total	$	46,980	$	48,278	$	78,225	$	31,161	$	6,742	$	177,986	$	288	$	389,660

19

													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
June 30, 2025	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Commercial real estate -
Multi-family
Pass	$	22,303	$	53,980	$	6,759	$	17,954	$	18,643	$	99,811	$	1,530	$	220,980
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		538		452		—		—		990
Total	$	22,303	$	53,980	$	6,759	$	18,492	$	19,095	$	99,811	$	1,530	$	221,970
YTD Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
December 31, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Commercial real estate -
Multi-family
Pass	$	73,914	$	6,939	$	18,191	$	19,174	$	56,587	$	63,314	$	1,825	$	239,944
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		542		457		—		—		—		999
Total	$	73,914	$	6,939	$	18,733	$	19,631	$	56,587	$	63,314	$	1,825	$	240,943

20

													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
June 30, 2025	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Commercial real estate -
Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied
Pass	$	45,362	$	80,996	$	107,462	$	113,479	$	89,265	$	256,474	$	18,946	$	711,984
Special mention	—		—		—		543		87		24,329		—		24,959
Substandard	—		65		—		—		136		2,960		—		3,161
Total	$	45,362	$	81,061	$	107,462	$	114,022	$	89,488	$	283,763	$	18,946	$	740,104
YTD Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
December 31, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Commercial real estate -
Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied
Pass	$	76,051	$	110,212	$	115,753	$	92,783	$	53,513	$	213,886	$	16,284	$	678,482
Special mention	—		—		839		92		486		24,108		—		25,525
Substandard	73		15		—		139		—		3,031		—		3,258
Total	$	76,124	$	110,227	$	116,592	$	93,014	$	53,999	$	241,025	$	16,284	$	707,265

21

													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
June 30, 2025	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Commercial real estate -
Non Residential Owner Occupied
Pass	$	18,334	$	22,046	$	42,825	$	27,988	$	35,981	$	66,242	$	4,365	$	217,781
Special mention	—		—		360		—		—		1,995		—		2,355
Substandard	—		462		3,955		810		406		10,801		365		16,799
Total	$	18,334	$	22,508	$	47,140	$	28,798	$	36,387	$	79,038	$	4,730	$	236,935
YTD Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
December 31, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Commercial real estate -
Non Residential Owner Occupied
Pass	$	23,376	$	45,011	$	28,830	$	38,061	$	15,154	$	58,846	$	3,938	$	213,216
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		2,029		—		2,029
Substandard	—		3,713		842		1,950		1,167		10,221		359		18,252
Total	$	23,376	$	48,724	$	29,672	$	40,011	$	16,321	$	71,096	$	4,297	$	233,497

22

													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
June 30, 2025	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Commercial real estate -
Total
Pass	$	115,699	$	239,237	$	231,248	$	270,770	$	198,498	$	610,702	$	35,015	$	1,701,169
Special mention	—		—		360		1,861		87		27,046		—		29,354
Substandard	—		527		3,955		2,987		1,401		39,147		365		48,382
Total	$	115,699	$	239,764	$	235,563	$	275,618	$	199,986	$	676,895	$	35,380	$	1,778,905
YTD Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	220	$	—	$	220
													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
December 31, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Commercial real estate -
Total
Pass	$	260,313	$	238,984	$	279,562	$	209,025	$	150,213	$	518,042	$	32,346	$	1,688,485
Special mention	—		—		1,019		92		1,327		26,751		—		29,189
Substandard	73		3,728		3,073		2,958		1,479		39,279		359		50,949
Total	$	260,386	$	242,712	$	283,654	$	212,075	$	153,019	$	584,072	$	32,705	$	1,768,623
													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
June 30, 2025	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Residential real estate
Performing	$	147,263	$	215,758	$	196,498	$	340,311	$	272,754	$	637,639	$	70,624	$	1,880,847
Non-performing	328		286		214		361		343		1,904		166		3,602
Total	$	147,591	$	216,044	$	196,712	$	340,672	$	273,097	$	639,543	$	70,790	$	1,884,449
YTD Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	49	$	—	$	49
													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
December 31, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Residential real estate
Performing	$	230,045	$	209,641	$	355,495	$	283,509	$	223,004	$	451,144	$	67,949	$	1,820,787
Non-performing	$	179	$	91	$	44	$	628	$	—	$	1,521	$	360	$	2,823
Total	$	230,224	$	209,732	$	355,539	$	284,137	$	223,004	$	452,665	$	68,309	$	1,823,610

23

													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
June 30, 2025	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Home equity
Performing	$	12,479	$	29,471	$	22,712	$	10,243	$	4,526	$	8,218	$	119,974	$	207,623
Non-performing	—		—		—		—		—		25		258		283
Total	$	12,479	$	29,471	$	22,712	$	10,243	$	4,526	$	8,243	$	120,232	$	207,906
YTD Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	98	$	98

													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
December 31, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Home equity
Performing	$	31,751	$	25,164	$	11,344	$	5,232	$	2,832	$	7,346	$	115,311	$	198,980
Non-performing	—		—		—		—		—		—		212		212
Total	$	31,751	$	25,164	$	11,344	$	5,232	$	2,832	$	7,346	$	115,523	$	199,192

													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
June 30, 2025	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Consumer
Performing	$	9,316	$	12,504	$	16,445	$	8,816	$	1,663	$	1,760	$	2,291	$	52,795
Non-performing	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	9,316	$	12,504	$	16,445	$	8,816	$	1,663	$	1,760	$	2,291	$	52,795
YTD Gross Charge-offs	$	—	$	27	$	14	$	88	$	1	$	32	$	3	$	165

													Revolving
	Term Loans												Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year and Risk Level												Amortized
December 31, 2024	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Cost Basis		Total
Consumer
Performing	$	17,621	$	21,062	$	11,628	$	2,374	$	1,456	$	1,180	$	2,495	$	57,816
Non-performing	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	17,621	$	21,062	$	11,628	$	2,374	$	1,456	$	1,180	$	2,495	$	57,816

24

Note G -    Derivative Instruments

The Company has exposure to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions, including interest rate risk, which are managed through use of derivative instruments. The Company's maintains non-hedging interest swap derivatives with customer counterparties. Additionally, the Company has fair value hedge derivative relationships on certain available-for-sale securities and loan relationships.

Certain financial instruments, including derivatives, may be eligible for offset in the consolidated balance sheet and/or subject to master netting arrangements. The Company's derivative transactions with financial institution counterparties are generally executed under International Swaps and Derivative Association ("ISDA") master agreements which include "right of setoff" provisions. In such cases there is generally a legally enforceable right to offset recognized amounts and there may be an intention to settle such amounts on a net basis. Nonetheless, the Company does not generally offset financial instruments for financial reporting purposes.

Pursuant to the Company's agreements with certain of its derivative financial institution counterparties, the Company may receive collateral or post collateral, generally in the form of securities, based upon mark-to-mark positions. The Company received collateral with a value of $37.0 million and $57.3 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Non-hedging Interest Rate Derivatives

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company primarily utilizes non-hedging derivative financial instruments with commercial banking customers to facilitate their interest rate management strategies. For these instruments, the Company acts as an intermediary for its customers and has offsetting contracts with financial institution counterparties. Changes in the fair value of these underlying derivative contracts generally offset each other and do not significantly impact the Company's results of operations.

The following table summarizes the notional and fair value of these derivative instruments (in thousands):

	June 30, 2025				December 31, 2024
	Notional Amount		Fair Value		Notional Amount		Fair Value
Non-hedging interest rate derivatives:
Customer counterparties:
Loan interest rate swap - assets	$	187,936	$	3,708	$	43,075	$	1,264
Loan interest rate swap - liabilities	513,384		34,739		623,844		49,993
Non-hedging interest rate derivatives:
Financial institution counterparties:
Loan interest rate swap - assets	531,384		35,541		641,844		51,075
Loan interest rate swap - liabilities	187,936		3,708		43,075		1,264

The following table summarizes the change in fair value of these derivative instruments (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Change in Fair Value Non-Hedging Interest Rate Derivatives:
Other (expense) income - derivative assets	$	(4,350)	$	(367)	$	(12,354)	$	6,499
Other income (expense) - derivative liabilities	4,350		367		12,354		(6,499)
Other (expense) income - derivative liabilities	(119)		(8)		(279)		84

Loans associated with a customer counterparty loan interest rate swap agreement may be subject to a make whole penalty upon termination of the agreement. The dollar amount of the make whole penalty varies based on the remaining term of the agreement and market rates at that time. The make whole penalty is secured by equity in the specific collateral securing the loan. The Company estimates the make whole penalty when determining if there is sufficient collateral to pay off both the potential make whole penalty and the outstanding loan balance at the origination of the loan. In the event of a customer default,

25

the make whole penalty is capitalized into the existing loan balance; however, no guarantees can be made that the collateral will be sufficient to cover both the make whole provision and the outstanding loan balance at the time of foreclosure.

Fair Value Hedges

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company entered into a series of fair value hedge agreements to reduce the interest rate risk associated with the change in fair value of certain securities. The total notional amount of these agreements was $150 million and the amortized cost of the hedged assets was $268.3 million and $282.5 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the fair value hedge agreements were effective. The gains or losses on these hedges are recognized in current earnings as fair value changes.

The following table summarizes the financial statement impact of these derivative instruments (in thousands):

	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value	$	(1,903)	$	(4,740)
Other assets	1,698		4,581
Cumulative adjustment to Interest and dividends on investment securities	205		159

In addition to the agreements entered into in the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company has less than $0.1 million of other fair value hedges to reduce the interest rate risk associated with the change in fair value of certain securities as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company entered into a fair value hedge agreement to reduce the interest rate risk associated with the change in fair value of certain loans. The total notional amount of these agreements was $100 million. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the fair value hedge agreements were effective. The gains or losses on these hedges are recognized in current earnings as fair value changes.

The following table summarizes the financial statement impact of these derivative instruments (in thousands):

	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Gross loans	$	(280)	$	(582)
Other assets	266		566
Cumulative adjustment to Interest and fees on loans	14		16

Note H -     Employee Benefit Plans

Restricted Shares, Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs"), Performance Share Units ("PSUs")

The Company records compensation expense with respect to restricted shares, RSUs and PSUs (collectively, the "restricted shares") in an amount equal to the fair value of the common stock covered by each award on the date of grant. These restricted shares become fully vested after various periods of continued employment from the respective dates of grant. The Company is entitled to an income tax deduction in an amount equal to the taxable income reported by the holders of the restricted shares when the restrictions are released and the shares are issued. Compensation is being charged to expense over the respective vesting periods.

Restricted shares are forfeited if the awarded officer or employee terminates his employment with the Company prior to the lapsing of restrictions. The Company records forfeitures of restricted stock as treasury share repurchases and any compensation cost previously recognized is reversed in the period of forfeiture.  Recipients of restricted shares do not pay any cash consideration to the Company for the shares, and, except for restricted stock units and performance share units, have the right to vote all shares subject to such grant and receive all dividends with respect to such shares, whether or not the shares have vested.  For restricted shares that have performance-based criteria, management has evaluated those criteria and has determined that, as of June 30, 2025, the criteria were probable of being met.

26

A summary of the Company’s restricted shares activity and related information is presented below:

	Six months ended June 30,
	2025			2024
	Restricted Awards	Average Market Price at Grant		Restricted Awards	Average Market Price at Grant
Outstanding at January 1	134,949	$	84.90	135,558	$	79.19
Granted	40,495	114.73		28,680	100.32
Vested/Forfeited	(42,120)	72.16		(33,298)	77.59
Outstanding at June 30	133,324	$	97.59	130,940	$	84.22

Information regarding stock-based compensation associated with restricted shares is provided in the following table (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Stock-based compensation expense associated with restricted shares, RSUs, and PSUs	$	838	$	707	$	1,557	$	1,455
At period-end:					June 30, 2025		June 30, 2024
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense associated with restricted shares					$	8,174	$	6,429
Weighted average period (in years) in which the above amount is expected to be recognized					3.3		3.4

Shares issued in conjunction with restricted stock awards are issued from available treasury shares. If no treasury shares are available, new shares would be issued from available authorized shares. During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, all shares issued in connection with restricted stock awards were issued from available treasury stock.

Benefit Plans

The Company provides retirement benefits to its employees through the City Holding Company 401(k) Plan and Trust (the “401(k) Plan”), which is intended to be compliant with Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) section 404(c). The Company also maintains a frozen defined benefit pension plan (the “Defined Benefit Plan”), which was inherited from the Company's acquisition of the plan sponsor (Horizon Bancorp, Inc.). The Defined Benefit Plan was frozen in 1999 and maintains a December 31st year-end for purposes of computing its benefit obligations.

The following table presents the components of the Company's net periodic benefit cost, which is included in the line item "other expenses" in the consolidated statements of income (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Components of net periodic cost:
Interest cost	$	131	$	129	$	262	$	259
Expected return on plan assets	(206)		(207)		(411)		(414)
Net amortization and deferral	51		93		101		186
Net Periodic Pension (Benefit) Cost	$	(24)	$	15	$	(48)	$	31

27

Note I -         Commitments and Contingencies

Credit-Related Financial Instruments

The Company is a party to certain financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers.  The Company has entered into agreements with certain customers to extend credit or provide a conditional commitment to provide payment on drafts presented in accordance with the terms of the underlying credit documents. The Company also provides overdraft protection to certain demand deposit customers that represent an unfunded commitment.  Overdraft protection commitments, which are included with other commitments below, are uncollateralized and are paid at the Company’s discretion.  Conditional commitments generally include standby and commercial letters of credit. Standby letters of credit represent an obligation of the Company to a designated third party contingent upon the failure of a customer of the Company to perform under the terms of the underlying contract between the customer and the third party. Commercial letters of credit are issued specifically to facilitate trade or commerce. Under the terms of a commercial letter of credit, drafts will be drawn when the underlying transaction is consummated, as intended, between the customer and a third party. The majority of the Company's commitments have variable interest rates. The funded portion of these financial instruments is reflected in the Company’s balance sheet, while the unfunded portion of these commitments is not reflected in the balance sheet.  

The table below presents a summary of the contractual obligations of the Company resulting from significant commitments (in thousands):

	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Commitments to extend credit:
Home equity lines	$	251,485	$	248,664
Commercial real estate	107,882		141,967
Other commitments	345,468		347,744
Standby letters of credit	2,038		2,170
Commercial letters of credit	10,126		8,432

Loan commitments and standby and commercial letters of credit have credit risks essentially the same as those involved in extending loans to customers and are subject to the Company’s standard credit policies. Collateral is obtained based on management’s credit assessment of the customer. Management does not anticipate any material losses as a result of these commitments.

Litigation

The Company is engaged in various legal actions that it deems to be in the ordinary course of business. As these legal actions are resolved, the Company could realize positive and/or negative impact to its financial performance in the period in which these legal actions are ultimately resolved. There can be no assurance that current legal actions will have an immaterial impact on financial results, either positive or negative, or that no material legal actions may be presented in the future. As of June 30, 2025 management expects the resolution of existing legal actions will not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

28

Note J -         Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The activity in accumulated other comprehensive loss is presented in the tables below (in thousands). All amounts are shown net of tax, which is calculated using a combined federal and state income tax rate approximating 23%.

	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,
	Defined						Defined
	Benefit		Securities				Benefit		Securities
	Pension		Available-				Pension		Available-
	Plan		-for-Sale		Total		Plan		-for-Sale		Total
2025
Beginning Balance	$	(1,442)	$	(98,509)	$	(99,951)	$	(1,442)	$	(114,277)	$	(115,719)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications	—		4,568		4,568		—		20,336		20,336
Amounts reclassified from other comprehensive income	—		(115)		(115)		—		(115)		(115)
	—		4,453		4,453		—		20,221		20,221
Ending Balance	$	(1,442)	$	(94,056)	$	(95,498)	$	(1,442)	$	(94,056)	$	(95,498)
2024
Beginning Balance	$	(2,581)	$	(119,023)	$	(121,604)	$	(2,581)	$	(107,958)	$	(110,539)
Other comprehensive (loss) before classifications	—		(714)		(714)		—		(11,780)		(11,780)
Amounts reclassified from other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		1		1
	—		(714)		(714)		—		(11,779)		(11,779)
Ending Balance	$	(2,581)	$	(119,737)	$	(122,318)	$	(2,581)	$	(119,737)	$	(122,318)

	Amounts reclassified from Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
	Three months ended				Six months ended				Affected line item
	June 30,				June 30,				in the Consolidated Statements
	2025		2024		2025		2024		of Income
Securities available-for-sale:
Net securities (losses) reclassified into earnings	$	150	$	—	$	150	$	(1)	Losses on sale of investment securities, net
Related income tax expense	(35)		—		(35)		—		Income tax expense (benefit)
Net effect on accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	115	$	—	$	115	$	(1)

29

Note K - Earnings per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share using the two class method (in thousands, except per share data): 

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income available to common shareholders	$	33,387	$	29,115	$	63,729	$	58,638
Less: earnings allocated to participating securities	(306)		(258)		(541)		(519)
Net earnings allocated to common shareholders	$	33,081	$	28,857	$	63,188	$	58,119
Distributed earnings allocated to common stock	$	11,346	$	10,418	$	22,691	$	20,835
Undistributed earnings allocated to common stock	21,735		18,439		40,497		37,284
Net earnings allocated to common shareholders	$	33,081	$	28,857	$	63,188	$	58,119
Average shares outstanding	14,466		14,695		14,541		14,721
Effect of dilutive securities:
Employee stock awards	5		15		10		19
Shares for diluted earnings per share	14,471		14,710		14,551		14,740
Basic earnings per share	$	2.29	$	1.96	$	4.35	$	3.95
Diluted earnings per share	$	2.29	$	1.96	$	4.35	$	3.94

Anti-dilutive options are not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the options’ exercise price are greater than the average market price of the common shares and therefore, the effect is anti-dilutive. The Company had no anti-dilutive options for any of the periods shown above.

Note L -     Fair Value Measurements

Fair value of an asset or liability is the price that would be received to sell that asset or paid to transfer that liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.  ASC Topic 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company bases fair value of assets and liabilities on quoted market prices, prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.  If such information is not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that primarily use, as inputs, observable market-based parameters.  Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure that financial instruments are recorded at fair value.  These adjustments may include amounts to reflect counterparty creditworthiness, as well as unobservable parameters.  Any such valuation adjustments are applied consistently over time.  The Company’s valuation methodologies may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values.  While management believes the Company’s valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.  Furthermore, the reported fair value amounts have not been comprehensively revalued since the presentation dates, and therefore, estimates of fair value after the balance sheet date may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.  A more detailed description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities

30

measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below.

Financial Assets and Liabilities

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value for financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis.

Securities Available for Sale.  Securities available for sale are reported at fair value utilizing Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 inputs.  The fair value of securities available for sale is determined by utilizing a market approach by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (other than forced or distressed transactions) that occur in sufficient volume or matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities.  If such measurements are unavailable, the security is classified as Level 3.  Significant judgment is required to make this determination.

The Company utilizes a third party pricing service provider to value its Level 1 and Level 2 investment securities.  Annually, the Company obtains an independent auditor’s report from its third party pricing service provider regarding its controls over investment securities. On a quarterly basis, the Company reprices its debt securities with a third party that is independent of the primary pricing service provider to verify the reasonableness of the fair values.

Derivatives. Derivatives are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs.  The Company utilizes a market approach by obtaining dealer quotations to value its customer interest rate swaps.  The Company’s derivatives are included within "other assets" and "other liabilities" in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Derivative assets are typically secured through securities with financial counterparties or cross collateralization with a borrowing customer. Derivative liabilities are typically secured by the Company pledging securities to financial counterparties or, in the case of a borrowing customer, by the right of setoff. The Company considers factors such as the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties, right of setoff, and remaining maturities in determining the appropriate fair value adjustments. All derivative counterparties approved by the Company's Asset and Liability Committee ("ALCO") are regularly reviewed, and appropriate business action is taken to adjust the exposure to certain counterparties, if necessary. Counterparty exposure is evaluated by netting positions that are subject to master netting agreements, as well as considering the amount of marketable collateral securing the position. This approach used to estimate impacted exposures to counterparties is also used by the Company to estimate its own credit risk in derivative liability positions. To date, no material losses have been incurred due to a counterparty's inability to pay any undercollateralized position. There was no significant change in the value of derivative assets and liabilities attributed to credit risk that would have resulted in a derivative credit risk valuation adjustment at June 30, 2025.

31

The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.  Financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include individually evaluated loans reported at the fair value of the underlying collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral.  Collateral values are estimated using Level 3 inputs based on observable market data for both real estate collateral and non-real estate collateral.  The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value (in thousands):

	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
June 30, 2025
Recurring fair value measurements
Financial Assets
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	165,973	$	—	$	165,973	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. Government agencies	1,360,962		—		1,360,962		—
Private label	4,973		—		4,973		—
Trust preferred securities	4,430		—		4,430		—
Corporate securities	26,085		—		26,085		—
Marketable equity securities	5,889		1,707		4,182		—
Derivative assets	41,213		—		41,213		—
Financial Liabilities
Derivative liabilities	38,447		—		38,447		—
Nonrecurring fair value measurements
Non-Financial Assets
Other real estate owned	185		—		—		185
December 31, 2024
Recurring fair value measurements
Financial Assets
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	183,751	$	—	$	183,751	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. Government agencies	1,202,081		—		1,202,081		—
Private label	4,933		—		4,933		—
Trust preferred securities	4,746		—		4,746		—
Corporate securities	25,795		—		25,795		—
Marketable equity securities	6,157		1,682		4,475		—
Derivative assets	57,491		—		57,491		—
Financial Liabilities
Derivative liabilities	51,257		—		51,257		—
Nonrecurring fair value measurements
Non-Financial Assets
Other real estate owned	754		—		—		754

32

Changes in Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents the changes in Level 3 assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis during the periods indicated (in thousands):

    

	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Beginning balance	$	—	$	1,871
Changes in fair value	—		—
Changes due to principal reduction	—		(1,871)
Ending balance	$	—	$	—

No transfers into or out of Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy occurred during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 or year ended December 31, 2024.

The Company's financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) include individually evaluated loans that were remeasured and reported at fair value through a specific valuation allowance allocation of the allowance for credit losses based upon the fair value of the underlying collateral (in thousands).  The fair value of individually evaluated loans is estimated using one of several methods, including collateral value, liquidation value and discounted cash flows.  The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of collateral for collateral-dependent individually evaluated loans primarily relate to discounts applied to the customers’ reported amount of collateral.  The amount of collateral discount depends upon the marketability of the underlying collateral.  Generally, the Company has applied collateral discounts, ranging from 10% to 30%. As of June 30, 2025, the company had one commercial and industrial loan, one hotel loan, and three owner occupied commercial real estate loans that were considered individually evaluated collateral-dependent loans totaling $7.9 million. The Company had one commercial and industrial and three owner occupied commercial real estate individually evaluated collateral dependent loans recorded at $6.6 million as of December 31, 2024. The Company had no Level 2 financial assets and liabilities that were measured on a nonrecurring basis as of June 30, 2025 or as of December 31, 2024.

Non-Financial Assets and Liabilities

The Company has no non-financial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.  Certain non-financial assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include other real estate owned (“OREO”), which is measured at the lower of cost or fair value.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC Topic 825 “Financial Instruments,” as amended, requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate that value.  In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques.  Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including discount rates and estimate of future cash flows.  In that regard, the derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, could not be realized in immediate settlement of the instrument. ASC Topic 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented do not represent the underlying value of the Company.

33

The following table represents the estimates of fair value of financial instruments (in thousands). For short-term financial assets such as cash and cash equivalents, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the relatively short time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization. For financial liabilities such as noninterest-bearing demand, interest-bearing demand and savings deposits, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to these products having no stated maturity.

	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
June 30, 2025
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	172,124	$	172,124	$	172,124	$	—	$	—
Securities available-for-sale	1,562,423		1,562,423		—		1,562,423		—
Marketable equity securities	5,889		5,889		1,707		4,182		—
Net loans	4,319,472		4,204,241		—		—		4,204,241
Accrued interest receivable	21,654		21,654		—		21,654		—
Derivative assets	41,213		41,213		—		41,213		—
Liabilities:
Deposits	5,248,820		5,142,772		3,865,573		1,277,199		—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	339,834		339,834		—		339,834		—
FHLB long-term advances	150,000		151,403		—		151,403		—
Accrued interest payable	5,630		5,630		—		5,630		—
Derivative liabilities	38,447		38,447		—		38,447		—
December 31, 2024
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	225,389	$	225,389	$	225,389	$	—	$	—
Securities available-for-sale	1,421,306		1,421,306		—		1,421,306		—
Marketable equity securities	6,157		6,157		1,682		4,475		—
Net loans	4,252,854		4,126,124		—		—		4,126,124
Accrued interest receivable	20,650		20,650		—		20,650		—
Derivative assets	57,491		57,491		—		57,491		—
Liabilities:
Deposits	5,144,150		5,039,503		3,799,701		1,239,802		—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	325,655		325,655		—		325,655		—
FHLB long-term advances	150,000		149,137		—		149,137		—
Accrued interest payable	6,798		6,798		—		6,798		—
Derivative liabilities	51,257		51,257		—		51,257		—

34

Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The accounting policies of the Company conform with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and require management to make estimates and develop assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and related footnotes. These estimates and assumptions are based on information available to management as of the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ significantly from management’s estimates. As this information changes, management’s estimates and assumptions used to prepare the Company’s financial statements and related disclosures may also change. The most significant accounting policies followed by the Company are presented in Note One to the audited financial statements included in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report to Shareholders. The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the Consolidated Financial Statements, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the 2024 Annual Report of the Company.  Based on the sensitivity of financial statement amounts to the methods, assumptions, and estimates underlying those amounts, management has identified: (i) the determination of the allowance for credit losses (ii) income taxes and (iii) acquisition and preliminary purchase price accounting to be the accounting areas that require the most subjective or complex judgments and, as such, could be most subject to revision as new information becomes available.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans' amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Loans are charged off against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off in the future. Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics, such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level, or term, as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in unemployment rates, property values, or other relevant factors. These evaluations are conducted at least quarterly and more frequently if deemed necessary. Additionally, all commercial loans within the portfolio are subject to internal risk grading. Risk grades are generally assigned by the primary lending officer and are periodically evaluated by the Company’s internal loan review process.

In evaluating the appropriateness of its allowance for credit losses, the Company stratifies the loan portfolio into six major groupings. The Company has identified the following portfolio segments and measures the allowance for credit losses using the following methods:

Portfolio Segment	Measurement Method
Commercial and industrial	Migration
Commercial real estate:
1-4 family	Migration
Hotels	Migration
Multi-family	Migration
Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied	Migration
Non Residential Owner Occupied	Migration
Residential real estate	Vintage
Home equity	Vintage
Consumer	Vintage

Migration is an analysis that tracks a closed pool of loans for a configurable period of time and calculates a loss ratio on only those loans in the pool at the start date based on outstanding balance. Vintage is a predictive loss model that includes a reasonable approximation of probable and estimable future losses by tracking each loan's net losses over the life of the loan as compared to its original balance. For demand deposit overdrafts, the allowance for credit losses is measured using the historical loss rate. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are not

35

included in the collective evaluation. When management determines that foreclosure is probable, the expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate.

Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of the loan, adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals, and modifications unless either of the following applies: management has a reasonable expectation at the reporting date that a restructured loan will be executed with an individual borrower or the extension or renewal options are included in the original or modified contract at the reporting date and are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company.

The Company uses a number of economic variables in its scenarios to estimate the Allowance for credit losses (ACL), with the most significant drivers being an unemployment rate forecast and qualitative adjustments. In the June 30, 2025 estimate, the Company assumed a 2-year unemployment forecast range of 4.2% to 4.7%, changed from 4.1% to 4.7% for the March 31, 2025 estimate. Historical loss rates from periods where the average unemployment rate matches the forecast range are considered when calculating the forecast period loss rate. In total, the changes in loss rates decreased the reserve $0.5 million for the quarter.

Based on sensitivity analysis of all portfolios, a 0.0050% change (slight improvement or decline on bank's scale) in all 11 qualitative risk factors (where assigned) would have a $2.3 million impact on the reserve allocation. Changing each factor by 0.01% (moderate improvement or decline) would have a $4.5 million, impact. Management recognizes that these are extreme scenarios and it is very unlikely that all risk factors would change by 0.005% or 0.01% simultaneously. For the June 30, 2025 estimate, management did not adjust any qualitative factors utilized in the previous quarter.

Income Taxes

The Company is subject to federal and state income taxes in the jurisdictions in which it conducts business.  In computing the provision for income taxes, management must make judgments regarding interpretation of laws in those jurisdictions.  Because the application of tax laws and regulations for many types of transactions is susceptible to varying interpretations, amounts reported in the financial statements could be changed at a later date upon final determinations by taxing authorities.  On a quarterly basis, the Company estimates its annual effective tax rate for the year and uses that rate to provide for income taxes on a year-to-date basis.  The amount of unrecognized tax benefits could change over the next twelve months as a result of various factors.  However, management cannot currently estimate the range of possible change.  The Company is currently open to audit under the statute of limitations by the Internal Revenue Service and various state taxing authorities for the years ended December 31, 2021 and forward.

The effective tax rate is calculated by taking the statutory rate and adjusting for permanent and discrete items. The discrete items can vary between periods but historically have remained consistent.

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted on July 4, 2025. The OBBBA makes permanent certain expiring tax provisions of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and introduces new provisions affecting both businesses and individuals. We are currently evaluating the provisions of the OBBBA, but do not expect the impacts to be material to our financial statements.

36

Financial Summary

Six months ended June 30, 2025 vs. 2024

The Company's financial performance is summarized in the following table:

	Six months ended June 30,
	2025			2024
Net income available to common shareholders (in thousands)	$	63,729		$	58,638
Earnings per common share, basic	$	4.35		$	3.95
Earnings per common share, diluted	$	4.35		$	3.94
Dividend payout ratio	36.3		%	36.3		%
ROA*	1.96		%	1.89		%
ROE*	17.1		%	17.1		%
ROATCE*	21.7		%	22.4		%
Average equity to average assets ratio	11.5		%	11.0		%

*ROA (Return on Average Assets) is a measure of the effectiveness of asset utilization. ROE (Return on Average Equity) is a measure of the return on shareholders' investment. ROATCE (Return on Average Tangible Common Equity) is a measure of the return on shareholders' equity, less intangible assets.

The Company's net interest income was $114.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $109.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 (see Net Interest Income). The Company recorded a recovery of credit losses of $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to a provision for credit losses of $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 (see Allowance for Credit Losses). As further discussed under the caption Non-Interest Income and Non-Interest Expense, non-interest income increased $1.1 million and non-interest expense increased $4.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Financial Summary

Three months ended June 30, 2025 vs. 2024

The Company's financial performance is summarized in the following table:

	Three months ended June 30,
	2025			2024
Net income available to common shareholders (in thousands)	$	33,387		$	29,115
Earnings per common share, basic	$	2.29		$	1.96
Earnings per common share, diluted	$	2.29		$	1.96
Dividend payout ratio	34.5		%	36.4		%
ROA(1)	2.03		%	1.85		%
ROE(1)	17.9		%	17.0		%
ROATCE(1)	22.7		%	22.2		%
Average equity to average assets ratio	11.4		%	10.9		%

(1)    ROA (Return on Average Assets) is a measure of the effectiveness of asset utilization. ROE (Return on Average Equity) is a measure of the return on shareholders' investment. ROATCE (Return on Average Tangible Common Equity) is a measure of the return on shareholders' equity, less intangible assets.

The Company's net interest income was $58.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to $54.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 (see Net Interest Income). The Company recorded a $2.0 million recovery of credit losses for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to a $0.5 million provision for credit losses for the three

37

months ended June 30, 2024 (see Allowance for Credit Losses). As further discussed under the caption Non-Interest Income and Non-Interest Expense, non-interest income increased $0.3 million and non-interest expense increased $2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024.

Balance Sheet Analysis

Selected balance sheet fluctuations from the year ended December 31, 2024 are summarized in the following table (in millions, except percentages):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Cash and cash equivalents	$	172.1	$	225.4	$	(53.3)	(23.6)	%
Total investment securities	1,592.2		1,451.1		141.1		9.7
Gross loans	4,339.2		4,274.8		64.4		1.5
Total deposits	5,248.8		5,144.2		104.6		2.0

Cash and cash equivalents decreased $53.3 million (23.6%) from December 31, 2024 to $172.1 million at June 30, 2025, primarily due to an increase in investment securities and increase in gross loans, which was partially offset by increase in deposits and share repurchases.

Total investment securities increased $141.1 million (9.7%) from December 31, 2024 to $1.59 billion at June 30, 2025, due to mortgage-backed security purchases.

Gross loans increased $64.4 million (1.5%) from December 31, 2024 to $4.34 billion at June 30, 2025. Residential real estate loans increased $60.8 million (3.3%), commercial real estate loans increased $10.3 million (0.6%), and home equity loans increased $8.7 million (4.4%) during the first six months of 2025. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in commercial and industrial loans of $10.5 million (2.5%) and a decrease in consumer loans of $5.0 million (8.7%).

Total deposits increased $104.6 million (2.0%) from December 31, 2024 to $5.2 billion at June 30, 2025. Non-interest-bearing demand deposit balances increased $38.8 million, time deposit balances increased $38.4 million, and savings deposits increased $28.8 million.

Net Interest Income

Six months ended June 30, 2025 vs. 2024

The Company’s net interest income increased from $109.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $114.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The Company’s tax equivalent net interest income increased $5.6 million to $115.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $109.5 the six months ended June 30, 2024. The increase in net interest income was due to an increase in average loan balances ($370.0 million) and decrease in cost of interest bearing liabilities (10 basis points) which increased net interest income by $11.0 million and $3.3 million, respectively. Additionally, an increase in average balance of investment securities ($88.2 million) increased net interest income by $2.0 million.

These increases were partially offset by a decrease in yield (38 basis points) on loans and increase in average balance of interest bearing liabilities ($384.6 million) which decreased net interest income by $8.6 million and $5.2 million, respectively. The Company’s reported net interest margin decreased slightly from 3.91% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to 3.90% for the six months ended June 30, 2025.

38

Table One

Average Balance Sheets and Net Interest Income

(in thousands, except percentages)

Assets	Six months ended June 30,
	2025						2024
	Average Balance		Interest		Yield/ Rate		Average Balance		Interest		Yield/ Rate
Loan portfolio(1):
Residential real estate(2)	$	2,051,918	$	53,137	5.22	%	$	1,962,337	$	48,912	5.01	%
Commercial, financial, and agriculture(2)	2,189,980		68,516		6.31		2,062,016		67,504		6.58
Installment loans to individuals(2),(3)	59,658		1,852		6.26		68,144		1,997		5.89
Total loans	4,301,556		123,505		5.79		4,092,497		118,413		5.82
Securities:
Taxable	1,367,994		29,292		4.32		1,251,253		25,987		4.18
Tax-exempt(4)	131,348		1,818		2.79		159,871		2,111		2.66
Total securities	1,499,342		31,110		4.18		1,411,124		28,098		4.00
Deposits in depository institutions	155,820		3,446		4.46		127,902		3,490		5.49
Total interest-earning assets	5,956,718		158,061		5.35		5,631,523		150,001		5.36
Cash and due from banks	96,508						100,985
Bank premises and equipment	69,907						71,723
Goodwill and intangible assets	159,438						161,932
Other assets	295,190						311,358
Less: allowance for credit losses	(22,206)						(22,918)
Total assets	$	6,555,555					$	6,254,603
Liabilities
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	1,339,633	$	6,629	1.00	%	$	1,302,135	$	7,284	1.12	%
Savings deposits	1,242,470		4,573		0.74		1,251,292		4,505		0.72
Time deposits(2)	1,274,536		22,142		3.50		1,099,059		18,205		3.33
Customer repurchase agreements	346,666		6,476		3.77		325,028		7,521		4.65
FHLB long-term advances	150,000		3,120		4.19		143,407		2,991		4.19
Total interest-bearing liabilities	4,353,305		42,940		1.99		4,120,921		40,506		1.98
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	1,349,998						1,332,091
Other liabilities	100,872						113,945
Stockholders’ equity	751,380						687,646
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	6,555,555					$	6,254,603
Net interest income			$	115,121					$	109,495
Net yield on earning assets					3.90	%					3.91	%

39

(1)	For purposes of this table, non-accruing loans have been included in average balances and the following amounts (in thousands) of net loan fees have been included in interest income:
		2025		2024
	Loan fees, net	$	207	$	193
(2)	Included in the above table are the following amounts (in thousands) for the accretion of the fair value adjustments related to the Company's acquisitions:
		2025		2024
	Residential real estate	$	79	$	118
	Commercial, financial and agriculture	1,206		1,747
	Installment loans to individuals	4		12
	Time deposits	10		84
		$	1,299	$	1,961
(3)	Includes the Company’s consumer and DDA overdrafts loan categories.
(4)	Computed on a fully federal tax-equivalent basis assuming a tax rate of approximately 21%.

Table Two

Rate/Volume Analysis of Changes in Interest Income and Interest Expense

(in thousands)

	Six months ended June 30, 2025 vs. 2024
Interest-earning assets:	Increase (Decrease) Due to Change In:
	Volume		Rate		Net
Loan portfolio
Residential real estate	$	2,227	$	1,998	$	4,225
Commercial, financial, and agriculture	4,178		(3,166)		1,012
Installment loans to individuals	(248)		104		(144)
Total loans	6,157		(1,064)		5,093
Securities:
Taxable	2,418		887		3,305
Tax-exempt(1)	(376)		82		(294)
Total securities	2,042		969		3,011
Deposits in depository institutions	760		(804)		(44)
Total interest-earning assets	$	8,959	$	(899)	$	8,060
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	209	$	(864)	$	(655)
Savings deposits	(32)		100		68
Time deposits	2,899		1,038		3,937
Customer repurchase agreements	499		(1,544)		(1,045)
FHLB long-term advances	137		(8)		129
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$	3,712	$	(1,278)	$	2,434
Net Interest Income	$	5,247	$	379	$	5,626

(1)Computed on a fully federal tax-equivalent basis assuming a tax rate of approximately 21%.

40

Net Interest Income

Three months ended June 30, 2025 vs. 2024

The Company’s net interest income increased approximately $4.3 million, or 7.9%, from $54.6 million during the second quarter of 2024 to $58.9 million during the second quarter of 2025. The Company’s tax equivalent net interest income increased approximately $4.3 million from $54.8 million for the second quarter of 2024 to $59.1 million for the second quarter of 2025. Net interest income increased by $3.2 million due to an increase in average loan balances ($217.8 million) and by $1.7 million due to a decrease in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities (10 basis points). Additionally, net interest income increased by $1.0 million due to an increase in average investment security balances ($83.8 million).

These increases were partially offset by an increase in average balance of interest-bearing liabilities ($204.5 million) which lowered net interest income by $1.7 million. The Company’s reported net interest margin increased from 3.87% for the second quarter of 2024 to 3.95% for the second quarter of 2025.

41

Table One

Average Balance Sheets and Net Interest Income

(in thousands, except percentages)

Assets	Three months ended June 30,
	2025						2024
	Average Balance		Interest		Yield/ Rate		Average Balance		Interest		Yield/ Rate
Loan portfolio(1):
Residential real estate(2)	$	2,068,082	$	27,015	5.24	%	$	1,969,769	$	24,763	5.06	%
Commercial, financial, and agriculture(2)	2,184,357		34,640		6.36		2,055,263		33,524		6.56
Installment loans to individuals(2),(3)	57,783		933		6.49		67,432		998		5.95
Total loans	4,310,222		62,588		5.82		4,092,464		59,285		5.83
Securities:
Taxable	1,416,770		15,347		4.34		1,302,197		13,947		4.31
Tax-exempt(4)	128,165		904		2.82		158,894		1,060		2.68
Total securities	1,544,935		16,251		4.22		1,461,091		15,007		4.13
Deposits in depository institutions	147,662		1,644		4.47		139,852		1,920		5.52
Total interest-earning assets	6,002,819		80,483		5.38		5,693,407		76,212		5.38
Cash and due from banks	94,199						103,004
Bank premises and equipment	69,523						71,491
Goodwill and intangible assets	159,164						161,607
Other assets	291,943						316,440
Less: allowance for credit losses	(22,127)						(22,694)
Total assets	$	6,595,521					$	6,323,255
Liabilities
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	1,343,532	$	3,332	0.99	%	$	1,320,402	$	3,845	1.17	%
Savings deposits	1,247,766		2,302		0.74		1,248,330		2,232		0.72
Time deposits(2)	1,283,806		10,858		3.39		1,125,036		9,820		3.51
Customer repurchase agreements	359,626		3,307		3.69		336,434		3,900		4.66
FHLB long-term advances	150,000		1,568		4.19		150,000		1,568		4.20
Total interest-bearing liabilities	4,384,730		21,367		1.95		4,180,202		21,365		2.06
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	1,363,481						1,341,642
Other liabilities	97,480						112,301
Shareholders’ equity	749,830						689,110
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	6,595,521					$	6,323,255
Net interest income			$	59,116					$	54,847
Net yield on earning assets					3.95	%					3.87	%

42

(1)	For purposes of this table, non-accruing loans have been included in average balances and the following amounts (in thousands) of net loan fees have been included in interest income:
		2025		2024
	Loan fees, net	$	6	$	60
(2)	Included in the above table are the following amounts (in thousands) for the accretion of the fair value adjustments related to the Company's acquisitions:
		2025		2024
	Residential real estate	$	57	$	72
	Commercial, financial and agriculture	676		683
	Installment loans to individuals	—		6
	Time deposits	3		21
		$	736	$	782
(3)	Includes the Company’s consumer and DDA overdrafts loan categories.
(4)	Computed on a fully federal tax-equivalent basis assuming a tax rate of 21%.

Table Two

Rate/Volume Analysis of Changes in Interest Income and Interest Expense

(in thousands)

	Three months ended June 30, 2025 vs. 2024
Interest-earning assets:	Increase (Decrease) Due to Change In:
	Volume		Rate		Net
Loan portfolio
Residential real estate	$	1,239	$	1,013	$	2,252
Commercial, financial, and agriculture	2,111		(995)		1,116
Installment loans to individuals	(143)		80		(63)
Total loans	3,207		98		3,305
Securities:
Taxable	1,230		170		1,400
Tax-exempt(1)	(206)		48		(158)
Total securities	1,024		218		1,242
Deposits in depository institutions	108		(384)		(276)
Total interest-earning assets	$	4,339	$	(68)	$	4,271
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing demand deposits	$	68	$	(581)	$	(513)
Savings deposits	(1)		71		70
Time deposits	1,390		(352)		1,038
Customer repurchase agreements	270		(863)		(593)
FHLB long-term advances	—		—		—
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$	1,727	$	(1,725)	$	2
Net Interest Income	$	2,612	$	1,657	$	4,269

(1) Computed on a fully federal taxable equivalent using a tax rate of 21%.

43

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Management of the Company uses measures in its analysis of the Company's performance other than those in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America ("GAAP"). These measures are useful when evaluating the underlying performance of the Company's operations. The Company's management believes that these non-GAAP measures enhance comparability of results with prior periods and demonstrate the effects of significant gains and charges in the current period. The Company's management believes that investors may use these non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate the Company's financial performance without the impact of those items that may obscure trends in the Company's performance. These disclosures should not be viewed as a substitute for financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP, nor are they comparable to non-GAAP financial measures that may be presented by other companies. The following table reconciles fully taxable equivalent net interest income with net interest income as derived from the Company's financial statements, as well as other non-GAAP measures (dollars in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,
	2025			2024			2025		2024
Net interest income ("GAAP")	$	58,924		$	54,625		$	114,739	$	109,052
Taxable equivalent adjustment	192			222			$	382	$	443
Net interest income, fully taxable equivalent	$	59,116		$	54,847		$	115,121	$	109,495
Equity to assets ("GAAP")	11.58		%	10.83		%
Effect of goodwill and other intangibles, net	(2.18)			(2.33)
Tangible common equity to tangible assets	9.40		%	8.50		%

44

Loans

Table Three

Loan Portfolio

The composition of the Company's loan portfolio as of the dates indicated follows (in thousands):

	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024		June 30, 2024
Commercial and industrial	$	409,317	$	419,838	$	408,312
1-4 Family	199,400		197,258		195,992
Hotels	380,496		389,660		370,954
Multi-family	221,970		240,943		190,390
Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied	740,104		707,265		668,330
Non Residential Owner Occupied	236,935		233,497		235,993
Commercial real estate	1,778,905		1,768,623		1,661,659
Residential real estate	1,884,449		1,823,610		1,797,260
Home equity	207,906		199,192		179,607
Consumer	52,795		57,816		62,352
DDA overdrafts	5,824		5,697		3,683
Total loans	$	4,339,196	$	4,274,776	$	4,112,873

Loan balances increased $64.4 million from December 31, 2024 to June 30, 2025.

The commercial and industrial ("C&I") loan portfolio consists of loans to corporate borrowers that are primarily in small to mid-size industrial and commercial companies. Collateral securing these loans includes equipment, machinery, inventory, receivables and vehicles. C&I loans are considered to contain a higher level of risk than other loan types, although care is taken to minimize these risks. Numerous risk factors impact this portfolio, including industry specific risks such as the economy, new technology, labor rates and cyclicality, as well as customer specific factors, such as cash flow, financial structure, operating controls and asset quality. C&I loans decreased $10.5 million from December 31, 2024 to June 30, 2025.

Commercial real estate loans consist of commercial mortgages, which generally are secured by nonresidential and multi-family residential properties, including hotel/motel and apartment lending. Commercial real estate loans are made to many of the same customers and carry similar industry risks as C&I loans. Commercial real estate loans increased $10.3 million from December 31, 2024 to June 30, 2025. At June 30, 2025, $28.8 million of the commercial real estate loans were for commercial properties under construction.

In order to group loans with similar risk characteristics, the portfolio is further segmented by product types:

◦Commercial 1-4 Family loans increased $2.1 million from December 31, 2024 to June 30, 2025. Commercial 1-4 Family loans consist of residential single-family, duplex, triplex, and fourplex rental properties and totaled $199.4 million as of June 30, 2025. Risk characteristics are driven by rental housing demand as well as economic and employment conditions. These properties exhibit greater risk than multi-family properties due to fewer income sources.

◦Hotel loans decreased $9.2 million from December 31, 2024 to June 30, 2025. The Hotel portfolio is comprised of all lodging establishments and totaled $380.5 million as of June 30, 2025. Risk characteristics relate to the demand for travel.

◦Multi-family loans decreased $19.0 million from December 31, 2024 to June 30, 2025. Multi-family consists of 5 or more family residential apartment lending. The portfolio totaled $222.0 million as of June 30, 2025. Risk characteristics are driven by rental housing demand as well as economic and employment conditions.

◦Non-residential commercial real estate includes properties such as retail, office, warehouse, storage, healthcare, entertainment, religious, and other nonresidential commercial properties. The non-residential product type is further segmented into owner- and non-owner occupied properties. Nonresidential non-owner occupied commercial real estate totaled $740.1 million at June 30, 2025 and increased $32.8 million from December 31, 2024 to June 30, 2025.

45

◦Nonresidential owner-occupied commercial real estate totaled $236.9 million at June 30, 2025 and increased $3.4 million from December 31, 2024. Risk characteristics relate to levels of consumer spending and overall economic conditions.

Residential real estate loans increased $60.8 million from December 31, 2024 to June 30, 2025. Residential real estate loans represent loans to consumers that are secured by a first lien on residential property. Residential real estate loans provide for the purchase or refinance of a residence and first-lien home equity loans allow consumers to borrow against the equity in their home. These loans primarily consist of single family five- and seven-year adjustable rate mortgages with terms that amortize up to 30 years. The Company also offers fixed-rate residential real estate loans that are generally sold in the secondary market that are not included on the Company's balance sheet; the Company does not retain the servicing rights to these loans. Residential mortgage loans are generally underwritten to comply with Fannie Mae guidelines, while the home equity loans are underwritten with typically less documentation, but with lower loan-to-value ratios and shorter maturities.  At June 30, 2025, $6.4 million of the residential real estate loans were for properties under construction.

Home equity loans increased $8.7 million during the first six months of 2025. The Company's home equity loans represent loans to consumers that are secured by a second (or junior) lien on a residential property. Home equity loans allow consumers to borrow against the equity in their home without paying off an existing first lien. These loans consist of home equity lines of credit ("HELOC") and amortized home equity loans that require monthly installment payments. Home equity loans are underwritten with less documentation, lower loan-to-value ratios and for shorter terms than residential mortgage loans. The amount of credit extended is directly related to the value of the real estate at the time the loan is made.

Consumer loans may be secured by automobiles, boats, recreational vehicles and other personal property or they may be unsecured. The Company monitors the risk associated with these types of loans by monitoring such factors as portfolio growth, lending policies and economic conditions. Underwriting standards are continually evaluated and modified based upon these factors. Consumer loans decreased by $5.0 million during the first six months of 2025.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Management systematically monitors the loan portfolio and the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis to provide for expected losses inherent in the portfolio. Management assesses the risk in each loan type based on historical trends, the general economic environment of its local markets, individual loan performance and other relevant factors. The Company's estimate of future economic conditions utilized in its provision estimate is primarily dependent on expected unemployment ranges over a two-year period. Beyond two years, a straight line reversion to historical average loss rates is applied over the life of the loan pool in the migration methodology. The vintage methodology applies future average loss rates based on net losses in historical periods where the unemployment rate was within the forecasted range. As a result of the Company’s quarterly analysis of the adequacy of the Allowance for Credit Losses, the Company recorded a recovery of credit losses of $2.0 million in the second quarter of 2025 compared to a $0.5 million provision for credit losses recorded in the second quarter of 2024.

Individual credits in excess of $1 million are selected at least annually for detailed loan reviews, which are utilized by management to assess the risk in the portfolio and the appropriateness of the allowance.

Determination of the Allowance for Credit Losses is subjective in nature and requires management to periodically reassess the validity of its assumptions. Differences between actual losses and estimated losses are assessed such that management can timely modify its evaluation model to ensure that adequate provision has been made for risk in the total loan portfolio.

Based on the Company’s analysis of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses and in consideration of the known factors utilized in computing the allowance, management believes that the allowance for credit losses as of June 30, 2025 is adequate to provide for expected losses inherent in the Company’s loan portfolio. Future provisions for credit losses will be dependent upon trends in loan balances including the composition of the loan portfolio, changes in loan quality and loss experience trends, and recoveries of previously charged-off loans, among other factors.

46

Table Four

Allocation of the Allowance for Credit Losses

The allocation of the allowance for credit losses is shown in the table below (in thousands). The allocation of a portion of the allowance in one portfolio loan classification does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other portfolio segments.

	As of June 30,				As of December 31,
	2025		2024		2024
Commercial and industrial	$	3,010	$	4,232	$	4,541
1-4 Family	1,390		1,362		1,366
Hotels	2,134		2,428		2,355
Multi-family	1,418		991		1,390
Non Residential Non-Owner Occupied	3,130		3,794		3,001
Non Residential Owner Occupied	1,754		2,397		1,725
Commercial real estate	9,826		10,972		9,837
Residential real estate	5,446		5,721		5,731
Home equity	548		570		643
Consumer	271		377		381
DDA overdrafts	623		816		789
Allowance for Credit Losses	$	19,724	$	22,688	$	21,922

The Allowance for Credit Losses decreased slightly from $21.9 million at December 31, 2024 to $19.7 million at June 30, 2025. The Company recorded a recovery of credit losses of $2.0 million in the second quarter of 2025, compared to a provision for credit losses of $0.5 million for the comparable period in 2024 and no provision for credit losses for the first quarter of 2025. The recovery of credit losses in the second quarter was primarily due to an upgrade of a specific credit that was downgraded in the third quarter of 2023, but has since seen improved financial performance. This upgrade released $1.4 million of ACL reserves. Additionally, $0.3 million of reserves were reversed due to payoffs on purchase credit deteriorated loans during the quarter ended June 30, 2025. From January 1, 2023 through June 30, 2025, the Company had cumulative net charge-offs of $3.1 million.

Non-Interest Income and Non-Interest Expense

Six months ended June 30, 2025 vs. 2024

(in millions, except percentages)

	Six months ended June 30,
	2025		2024		$ Change		% Change
Net investment securities (losses) gains	$	(0.1)	$	0.2	$	(0.3)	(150.0)	%
Non-interest income, excluding net investment securities (losses) gains	38.1		36.6		1.5		4.1
Non-interest expense	76.6		72.7		3.9		5.4

Non-Interest Income: Non-interest income was $38.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to $36.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company reported $0.2 million of realized investment gains and $0.3 million of unrealized fair value losses on the Company's equity securities compared to $0.2 million of unrealized fair value gains during the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Excluding net investment securities gains and losses, non-interest income increased from $36.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 to $38.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. The increase was largely attributable to an increase in wealth and investment management fee income of $0.5 million (9.9%), an increase in service charges of $0.4 million (2.9%), and an increase in bank owned life insurance of $0.4 million (23.1%).

Non-Interest Expense: Non-interest expenses increased $3.9 million (5.4%), from $72.7 million in the first six months of 2024 to $76.6 million in the first six months of 2025 primarily due to an increase in salaries and employee benefits

47

($1.6 million), equipment and software related expense ($1.0 million), other tax-related matters ($0.5 million), and other expenses ($0.5 million).

Income Tax Expense: The Company’s effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was 18.4% compared to 19.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Non-Interest Income and Non-Interest Expense

Three months ended June 30, 2025 vs. 2024

(in millions, except percentages)

	Three months ended June 30,
	2025		2024	$ Change		% Change
Net investment securities (losses) gains	$	(0.1)	0.4	$	(0.5)	125.0	%
Non-interest income, excluding net investment securities (losses) gains	19.4		18.6	0.8		4.3
Non-interest expense	39.0		36.8	2.2		6.0

Non-Interest Income: Non-interest income was $19.2 million during the quarter ended June 30, 2025, as compared to $18.9 million during the quarter ended June 30, 2024. During the second quarter of 2025, the Company reported $0.2 million of realized investment gains and $0.3 million of unrealized fair value losses on the Company’s equity securities as compared to $0.4 million of unrealized fair value gains on the Company’s equity securities during the second quarter of 2024.

Exclusive of these items, non-interest income increased $0.8 million, or 4.3%, from $18.6 million for the second quarter of 2024 to $19.4 million for the second quarter of 2025. This increase was attributable to an increase of $0.3 million in service fees, an increase of $0.3 million in wealth and investment management fee income, and an increase of $0.2 million in bank owned life insurance.

Non-Interest Expense: Non-interest expenses increased $2.2 million, or 6.1%, from $36.8 million in the second quarter of 2024 to $39.0 million in the second quarter of 2025. This increase was largely due to an increase of $1.2 million in salaries and employee benefits due to increased health insurance costs and salary adjustments. In addition, equipment and software related expenses increased $0.4 million, other tax-related matters increased $0.3 million, and repossessed asset losses increased $0.3 million.

Income Tax Expense: The Company's effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024 was 18.9%, and 19.7%, respectively.

Risk Management

Market risk is the risk of loss due to adverse changes in current and future cash flows, fair values, earnings or capital due to adverse movements in interest rates and other factors, including foreign exchange rates, underlying credit risk and commodity prices. Because the Company has no significant foreign exchange activities and holds no commodities, interest rate risk represents the primary market risk factor affecting the Company’s balance sheet and net interest margin. Significant changes in interest rates by the Federal Reserve could result in similar changes in SOFR interest rates, prime rates, and other benchmark interest rates that could affect the estimated fair value of the Company’s investment securities portfolio, interest paid on the Company’s short-term and long-term borrowings, interest earned on the Company’s loan portfolio and interest paid on its deposit accounts. The Company utilizes derivative instruments, primarily in the form of interest rate swaps, to help manage its interest rate risk on commercial loans.

The Company’s ALCO has been delegated the responsibility of managing the Company’s interest-sensitive balance sheet accounts to maximize earnings while managing interest rate risk. ALCO, comprised of various members of executive and senior management, is also responsible for establishing policies to monitor and limit the Company’s exposure to interest rate risk and to manage the Company’s liquidity position. ALCO satisfies its responsibilities through at least quarterly meetings during which product pricing issues, liquidity measures, and interest sensitivity positions are monitored.

In order to measure and manage its interest rate risk, the Company uses an asset/liability management and simulation software model to periodically update the interest sensitivity position of the Company’s balance sheet. The model is also used to perform analyses that measure the impact on net interest income and capital as a result of various changes in the interest rate environment. Such analyses quantify the effects of various interest rate scenarios on projected net interest income.

48

The Company’s policy objective is to avoid negative fluctuations in net income or the economic value of equity of more than 15% within a 12-month period, assuming an immediate parallel increase or decrease of 100 to 300 basis points. The Company measures the long-term risk associated with sustained increases and decreases in rates through analysis of the impact to changes in rates on the economic value of equity.

The following table summarizes the sensitivity of the Company’s net income to various interest rate scenarios. The results of the sensitivity analyses presented below differ from the results used internally by ALCO in that, in the analyses below, interest rates are assumed to have an immediate and sustained parallel shock. The Company recognizes that rates are volatile, but rarely move with immediate and parallel effects. Internally, the Company considers a variety of interest rate scenarios that are deemed possible while considering the level of risk it is willing to assume in “worst-case” scenarios such as shown by the following:

Immediate Basis Point Change in Interest Rates	Implied Federal Funds Rate Associated with Change in Interest Rates		Estimated Increase or Decrease in Net Income Over 12 Months
June 30, 2025
+300	7.50	%	(0.1)	%
+200	6.50		4.0
+100	5.50		6.3
-100	3.50		(2.2)
-200	2.50		(6.7)
-300	1.50		(11.1)
December 31, 2024
+300	7.50	%	3.2	%
+200	6.50		5.9
+100	5.50		7.0
-100	3.50		(2.9)
-200	2.50		(7.8)
-300	1.50		(13.2)

These estimates are highly dependent upon assumptions made by management, including, but not limited to, assumptions regarding the manner in which interest-bearing demand deposit and savings deposit accounts reprice in different interest rate scenarios, changes in the composition of deposit balances, pricing behavior of competitors, prepayments of loans and deposits under alternative rate environments, and new business volumes and pricing. As a result, there can be no assurance that the estimates above will be achieved in the event that interest rates increase or decrease during the remainder of 2025 and beyond.  The estimates above do not necessarily imply that the Company will experience increases in net income if market interest rates rise.  The table above indicates how the Company’s net income behaves relative to an increase in rates compared to what would otherwise occur if rates remain stable.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

The Company evaluates the adequacy of liquidity at both the City Holding level and at the City National level. At the City Holding level, the principal source of cash is dividends from City National. Dividends paid by City National to City Holding are subject to certain legal and regulatory limitations. Generally, any dividends in amounts that exceed the earnings retained by City National in the current year plus retained net profits for the preceding two years must be approved by regulatory authorities. At June 30, 2025, City National could pay dividends up to $100.2 million plus net profits for the remainder of 2025, as defined by statute, up to the dividend declaration date without prior regulatory permission.

Additionally, City Holding anticipates continuing the payment of dividends on its common stock, which are expected to approximate $45.8 million on an annualized basis over the next 12 months based on common shares outstanding at June 30, 2025.  However, dividends to shareholders can, if necessary, be suspended. In addition to these anticipated cash needs, City Holding has operating expenses and other contractual obligations, which are estimated to require $2.2 million of additional cash

49

over the next 12 months. As of June 30, 2025, City Holding reported a cash balance of $65.9 million and management believes that City Holding’s available cash balance, together with cash dividends from City National, will be adequate to satisfy its funding and cash needs over the next 12 months.

As illustrated in the consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company generated $59.7 million of cash from operating activities during the first six months of 2025, primarily from interest income received on loans and investments, net of interest expense paid on deposits and borrowings.  The Company utilized $179.4 million of cash in investing activities during the first six months of 2025, primarily due to purchases of available-for-sale securities of $225.8 million and a net increase in loans of $62.0 million. These purchases were partially offset by proceeds from maturities and calls on investment securities of $98.5 million and proceeds of $14.9 million on sales of investment securities. The Company generated $66.4 million of cash in financing activities during the first six months of 2025, principally as a result of a net increase in interest-bearing deposits of $65.9 million, a net increase in non-interest bearing deposits of $38.8 million, and an increase in customer repurchase agreements of $14.2 million. These increases were partially offset by purchases of treasury stock of $28.9 million and dividends paid of $23.2 million.

City National has borrowing facilities with the Federal Reserve Bank and the Federal Home Loan Bank that can be accessed as necessary to fund operations and to provide contingency funding. These borrowing facilities are collateralized by various loans held on City National’s balance sheet. As of June 30, 2025, City National had the capacity to borrow an additional $1.6 billion from these existing borrowing facilities. In addition, approximately $669 million of City National’s investment securities were pledged to collateralize customer repurchase agreements and various deposit accounts, leaving approximately $924 million of City National’s investment securities unpledged at June 30, 2025. City National also segregates certain mortgage loans, mortgage-backed securities, and other investment securities in a separate subsidiary so that it can separately monitor the asset quality of these primarily mortgage-related assets, which could be used to raise cash through securitization transactions or obtain additional equity or debt financing if necessary.

The Company manages its asset and liability mix to balance its desire to maximize net interest income against its desire to minimize risks associated with capitalization, interest rate volatility, and liquidity. Historically, the Company has utilized derivative instruments, when appropriate, to assist this goal. During the year ending December 31, 2020, the Company entered into three $50 million swap agreements that hedged interest rate risk on certain pools of the Company’s investment securities. These agreements require the Company to pay rates ranging from 0.20% to 0.24%, while receiving the federal funds effective rate in return. Interest income and changes in market valuations from these swap agreements are recognized as investment income in the accompanying statements of income. These agreements mature in October ($50 million) and November ($100 million) of 2025. During the year ending December 31, 2023, the Company entered into a $100 million swap agreement that hedged interest rate risk on certain loans of the Company. This agreement requires the Company to pay 3.60%, while receiving SOFR in return. Interest income and changes in market valuations from this swap agreement are recognized as loan interest income in the accompanying statements of income. This agreement matures in March 2026.

With respect to liquidity, the Company has chosen a conservative posture and believes that its liquidity position is strong. The Company’s net loan to asset ratio is 65.5% as of June 30, 2025 and deposit balances fund 79.6% of total assets. The Company has obligations to extend credit, but these obligations are primarily associated with existing home equity loans that have predictable borrowing patterns across the portfolio. The Company has investment security balances with carrying values that totaled $1.6 billion at June 30, 2025, and that exceeded the Company’s non-deposit sources of borrowing, which totaled $489.8 million.  Further, the Company’s deposit mix has a high proportion of transaction and savings accounts that fund 60.0% of the Company’s total assets. As interest rates increase, deposit balances may decline or the composition of the deposit portfolio may shift to higher yielding deposit products, such as money market accounts or time deposits.

As the following table reflects, approximately 15% (estimated) of the Company's deposits were uninsured (either with balances above $250,000 or not collateralized by investment securities) as of June 30, 2025.

50

Estimated Uninsured Deposits by Deposit Type

	June 30, 2025		March 31, 2025
Noninterest-Bearing Demand Deposits	16	%	15	%
Interest-Bearing Deposits
Demand Deposits	14	%	15	%
Savings Deposits	12	%	13	%
Time Deposits	17	%	17	%
Total Deposits	15	%	15	%

The amounts listed above represent management's best estimate as of the respective period shown of uninsured deposits (either with balances above $250,000 or not collateralized by investment securities).

Capital Resources

Shareholders' equity increased $33.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to net income of $63.7 million and other comprehensive income of $20.2 million. These increases were partially offset by the repurchase of 255,494 common shares at a weighted average price of $113.09 per share ($28.9 million) as part of a one million share repurchase plan authorized by the Board of Directors in January 2024, and cash dividends declared of $23.0 million.

The Basel III Capital Rules require City Holding and City National to maintain minimum CET 1, Tier 1 and Total Capital ratios, along with a capital conservation buffer, effectively resulting in new minimum capital ratios (which are shown in the table below). The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of CET 1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the conservation buffer (or below the combined capital conservation buffer and countercyclical capital buffer, when the latter is applied) will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall. The Basel III Capital Rules also provide for a “countercyclical capital buffer” that is applicable to only certain covered institutions and does not have any current applicability to the Company.

51

The Company’s regulatory capital ratios for both City Holding and City National include the 2.5% capital conservation buffer are illustrated in the following tables (in thousands, except percentages):

June 30, 2025	Actual				Minimum Required - Basel III				Required to be Considered Well Capitalized
	Capital Amount		Ratio		Capital Amount		Ratio		Capital Amount		Ratio
CET I Capital
City Holding Company	$	702,729	16.8	%	$	293,079	7.0	%	$	272,145	6.5	%
City National Bank	630,437		15.1		292,170		7.0		271,300		6.5
Tier I Capital
City Holding Company	702,729		16.8		355,882		8.5		334,948		8.0
City National Bank	630,437		15.1		354,777		8.5		333,908		8.0
Total Capital
City Holding Company	722,480		17.3		439,619		10.5		418,684		10.0
City National Bank	650,185		15.6		438,255		10.5		417,385		10.0
Tier I Leverage Ratio
City Holding Company	702,729		10.7		262,705		4.0		328,381		5.0
City National Bank	630,437		9.6		261,893		4.0		327,366		5.0

December 31, 2024	Actual				Minimum Required - Basel III				Required to be Considered Well Capitalized
	Capital Amount		Ratio		Capital Amount		Ratio		Capital Amount		Ratio
CET I Capital
City Holding Company	$	688,707	16.5	%	$	291,989	7.0	%	$	271,133	6.5	%
City National Bank	563,301		13.6		291,068		7.0		270,277		6.5
Tier I Capital
City Holding Company	688,707		16.5		354,558		8.5		333,702		8.0
City National Bank	563,301		13.6		353,439		8.5		332,649		8.0
Total Capital
City Holding Company	709,820		17.0		437,983		10.5		417,127		10.0
City National Bank	584,415		14.1		436,602		10.5		415,811		10.0
Tier I Leverage Ratio
City Holding Company	688,707		10.6		259,325		4.0		324,156		5.0
City National Bank	563,301		8.7		258,477		4.0		323,096		5.0

As of June 30, 2025, management believes that City Holding Company and its banking subsidiary, City National, were “well capitalized.”  City Holding is subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by the Federal Reserve, while City National is subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”).  Regulatory agencies can initiate certain mandatory actions if either City Holding or City National fails to meet the minimum capital requirements, as shown above.  As of June 30, 2025, management believes that City Holding and City National have met all capital adequacy requirements.

Depository institutions and depository institution holding companies that have less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets and meet other qualifying criteria, including a leverage ratio of greater than 9%, off–balance–sheet exposures of 25% or less of total consolidated assets and trading assets plus trading liabilities of 5% or less of total consolidated

52

assets, are deemed “qualifying community banking organizations” and are eligible to opt into the “community bank leverage ratio framework.” A qualifying community banking organization that elects to use the community bank leverage ratio framework and that maintains a leverage ratio of greater than 9% is considered to have satisfied the generally applicable risk–based and leverage capital requirements under the Basel III Rules and, if applicable, is considered to have met the “well capitalized” ratio requirements for purposes of its primary federal regulator’s prompt corrective action rules. The Company and its subsidiary bank do not have any immediate plans to elect to use the community bank leverage ratio framework but may make such an election in the future.

Item 3 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The information called for by this item is provided under the caption “Risk Management” under Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and under "Note G - Derivative Instruments" under Item 1 - Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 4 - Controls and Procedures

Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company carried out an evaluation, with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective in timely alerting them to material information relating to the Company required to be included in the Company’s periodic SEC filings.  There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2025 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Part II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.Legal Proceedings

The Company is engaged in various legal actions that it deems to be in the ordinary course of business. As these legal actions are resolved, the Company could realize positive and/or negative impact to its financial performance in the period in which these legal actions are ultimately resolved. There can be no assurance that current actions will have immaterial results, either positive or negative, or that no material actions may be presented in the future.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Readers should carefully consider the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

53

Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On January 31, 2024, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the Company to buy back up to 1,000,000 shares of its common stock (approximately 7% of outstanding shares) in open market transactions at prices that are accretive to the earnings per share of continuing shareholders. No time limit was placed on the duration of the share repurchase program. As part of this authorization, the Company terminated its previous repurchase program that was approved in May 2022. The following table sets forth information regarding the Company's common stock repurchases transacted during the quarter ended June 30, 2025, and there were no purchases during May or June of 2025:

				Total Number	Maximum Number
				of Shares Purchased	of Shares that May
				as Part of Publicly	Yet Be Purchased
	Total Number of	Average Price		Announced Plans	Under the Plans
Period	Shares Purchased	Paid per Share		or Programs	or Programs
April 1, 2025 - April 30, 2025	174,894	$	111.09	434,023	565,977

Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

54

Item 5.Other Information

During the three months ended June 30, 2025, none of our directors or officers informed us of the adoption or modification, or termination of a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement as those terms are defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408.

Additionally, none of our directors or officers informed us of the adoption or termination of a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.

55

Item 6.Exhibits

The exhibits required to be filed or furnished with this Form 10-Q are attached hereto or incorporated herein by reference as shown in the following "Exhibit Index."

Exhibit Index

The following exhibits are filed herewith or are incorporated herein by reference.

Exhibit	Description
2	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 18, 2022, by and among City Holding Company and Citizens Commerce Bancshares, Inc. (attached to, and incorporated by reference from, City Holding Company’s Form 8-K dated October 18, 2022, and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 18, 2022).
3(a)	Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of City Holding Company (attached to, and incorporated by reference from City Holding Company's Form 10-Q Quarterly Report for the quarter ending September 30, 2021, filed November 4, 2021 with the Securities Exchange Commission).
3(b)	Amended and Restated Bylaws of City Holding Company, revised December 18, 2019 (attached to, and incorporated by reference from, City Holding Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 20, 2019 with the Securities and Exchange Commission).
4(a)	Rights Agreement dated as of June 13, 2001 (attached to, and incorporated by reference from, City Holding Company's Form 8–A, filed June 22, 2001, with the Securities and Exchange Commission).
4(b)	Amendment No. 1 to the Rights Agreement dated as of November 30, 2005 (attached to, and incorporated by reference from, City Holding Company’s Amendment No. 1 on Form 8-A, filed December 21, 2005, with the Securities and Exchange Commission).
31(a)	Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for Charles R. Hageboeck.
31(b)	Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for David L. Bumgarner.
32(a)	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for Charles R. Hageboeck.
32(b)	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for David L. Bumgarner.
101	Interactive Data File - The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema*
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase*
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase*
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase*
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase*
104	Cover Page Interactive Data file (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
* Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, these interactive data files are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 or Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and otherwise are not subject to liability.

56

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

City Holding Company

(Registrant)

/s/ Charles R. Hageboeck

Charles R. Hageboeck

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ David L. Bumgarner

David L. Bumgarner

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

Date: August 6, 2025

57