485APOS

485APOS 1 d838470d485apos.htm 485APOS 485APOS

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 27, 2019

Securities Act of 1933 Registration No. 33-73404

Investment Company Act of 1940 Registration No. 811-08236

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM N-1A

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER


		*THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933*		☒
		Pre-Effective Amendment No.		☐
		Post-Effective Amendment No. 154		☒

and/or

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER


		*THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940*		☒
		Amendment No. 156		☒

(Check appropriate box or boxes)

NORTHERN FUNDS

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

50 South LaSalle Street

Chicago, Illinois 60603

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

800-595-9111

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)

Name and Address of Agent for Service:

with a copy to:

Diana E. McCarthy

Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP

One Logan Square

Suite 2000

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103

Jose J. Del Real

Kevin P. O’Rourke

The Northern Trust Company

50 South LaSalle Street

Chicago, Illinois 60603

It Is Proposed That This Filing Become Effective (Check Appropriate Box):

☐

immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)

☐

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b)

☒

60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

☐

On (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

☐

75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)

☐

On (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485

If appropriate, check the following box:

☐

This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

NORTHERN FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

SUPPLEMENT DATED [ ] TO THE PROSPECTUS DATED JULY 31, 2019, AS SUPPLEMENTED

This supplement supersedes the Prospectus supplement dated November 4, 2019.

The second sentence of the first paragraph under the section entitled “FUND SUMMARIES – U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund – Principal Investment Strategies” on page 19 of the Prospectus is deleted and replaced with the following:

Subject to the foregoing 99.5% investment strategy requirement, under normal circumstances, the Fund will seek to invest at least 50% of its net assets in the following security types that pay interest that generally is exempt from state income taxation:

•

U.S. Treasury bills;

•

U.S. Treasury notes;

•

U.S. Treasury STRIPS;

•

Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB);

•

Federal Farm Credit Bank (FFCB); and

•

Tennessee Valley Authority.

The second and third paragraphs of the section entitled “Investment Objectives” in the “Additional Information on Investment Objectives, Principal Investment Strategies and Related Risks, Description of Securities and Common Investment Techniques” section of the Prospectus on page 41 are deleted and replaced with the following:

During extraordinary market conditions and interest rate environments, all or any portion of the assets of the Funds may be uninvested, or with respect to the Municipal Money Market Fund, invested in taxable instruments. Uninvested assets do not generate income. The Funds may not achieve their investment objectives during this time.

Under unusual circumstances, the U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund may invest less than 50% of its net assets in U.S. government securities that pay interest exempt from state income taxation. The Fund may also invest in repurchase agreements that are fully collateralized by cash or U.S. government securities and hold uninvested cash.

The section entitled “FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS” beginning on page 54 of the Prospectus is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

THE FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS TABLES ARE INTENDED TO HELP YOU UNDERSTAND A FUND’S FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2019 AND THE PAST FIVE FISCAL YEARS.

Certain information reflects the financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the tables represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in a Fund for a share held for the entire period (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). The information for the six-months ended September 30, 2019 has been derived from the Funds’ unaudited semi-annual financial statements included in the Funds’ semi-annual report dated September 30, 2019. The information for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 has been derived from financial statements that have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Funds’ financial statements, is included in the Funds’ annual report. Copies of the semi-annual and annual report are available upon request and without charge.

MONEY MARKET FUND


Selected per share data	SIX MONTHS ENDED SEP 30, 2019 (UNAUDITED)			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2019			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2018			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2017			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2016			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2015
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:
Net investment income		0.01			0.02			0.01			—	⁽¹⁾		—	⁽¹⁾		—	⁽¹⁾
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)⁽²⁾		—			—			—			—			—			—
Net increase from payment by affiliate on affiliate transactions		—			—			—			—	⁽³⁾		—	⁽⁴⁾		—
Total from Investment Operations		0.01			0.02			0.01			—			—			—

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS PAID:
From net investment income		(0.01	)		(0.02	)		(0.01	)		—	⁽⁵⁾		—	⁽⁵⁾		—	⁽⁵⁾
From net realized gains		—			—			—			—	⁽⁶⁾		—	⁽⁶⁾		—
Total Distributions Paid		(0.01	)		(0.02	)		(0.01	)		—			—			—

Net Asset Value, End of Period	$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00

Total Return⁽⁷⁾		1.09	%		2.05	%		1.10	%		0.42	%		0.05	%		0.01	%
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS:
Net assets, in thousands, end of period	$	552,684		$	608,370		$	336,019		$	164,606		$	7,561,742		$	8,844,593
Ratio to average net assets of:⁽⁸⁾
Expenses, net of reimbursements and credits⁽⁹⁾		0.35	%		0.35	%		0.29	%		0.34	%		0.26	%		0.17	%
Expenses, before reimbursements and credits		0.38	%		0.38	%		0.43	%		0.37	%		0.36	%		0.39	%
Net investment income, net of reimbursements and credits⁽⁹⁾		2.16	%		2.05	%		1.09	%		0.22	%		0.05	%		0.01	%
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements and credits		2.13	%		2.02	%		0.95	%		0.19	%		(0.05	)%		(0.21	)%

⁽¹⁾

Per share amounts from net investment income were less than $0.01 per share.

⁽²⁾

Per share amounts from net realized and unrealized gains (losses) were less than $0.01 per share.

⁽³⁾

The Fund received a cash contribution from Northern Trust Corporation, the parent company of NTI, of approximately $136,000. The voluntary cash contribution represents less than $0.01 per share and had no effect on the Fund’s total return.

⁽⁴⁾

The Fund received a cash contribution from Northern Trust Corporation, the parent company of NTI, of approximately $8,190,000. The voluntary cash contribution represents less than $0.01 per share and had no effect on the Fund’s total return.

⁽⁵⁾

Per share amounts from distributions paid from net investment income were less than $0.01 per share.

⁽⁶⁾

Per share amount from distributions paid from net realized gains was less than $0.01 per share.

⁽⁷⁾

Assumes investment at net asset value at the beginning of the period, reinvestment of all dividends and distributions, and a complete redemption of the investment at net asset value at the end of the period. The total return is not annualized for periods less than one year.

⁽⁸⁾

Annualized for periods less than one year.

⁽⁹⁾

The impact on Net Assets due to any custody credits is less than 0.005%.

MUNICIPAL MONEY MARKET FUND


Selected per share data	SIX MONTHS ENDED SEP 30, 2019 (UNAUDITED)			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2019			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2018			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2017			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2016			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2015
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:
Net investment income		0.01			0.01			0.01			—	⁽¹⁾		—	⁽¹⁾		—	⁽¹⁾
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)		—			—			—			0.01			—	⁽²⁾		—	⁽²⁾
Net increase from payment by affiliate on affiliate transactions		—			—			—			—	⁽³⁾		—			—
Total from Investment Operations		0.01			0.01			0.01			0.01			—			—

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS PAID:
From net investment income		(0.01	)		(0.01	)		(0.01	)		(0.01	)		—	⁽⁴⁾		—	⁽⁴⁾
From net realized gains		—			—			—			—	⁽⁵⁾		—	⁽⁵⁾		—	⁽⁵⁾
Total Distributions Paid		(0.01	)		(0.01	)		(0.01	)		(0.01	)		—			—

Net Asset Value, End of Period	$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00

Total Return⁽⁶⁾		0.62	%		1.16	%		0.79	%		0.53	%		0.02	%		0.02	%
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS:
Net assets, in thousands, end of period	$	358,131		$	468,126		$	876,896		$	203,856		$	5,660,876		$	6,273,372
Ratio to average net assets of:⁽⁷⁾
Expenses, net of reimbursements and credits⁽⁸⁾		0.35	%		0.35	%		0.22	%		0.34	%		0.09	%		0.07	%
Expenses, before reimbursements and credits		0.39	%		0.37	%		0.38	%		0.37	%		0.36	%		0.39	%
Net investment income, net of reimbursements and credits⁽⁸⁾		1.25	%		1.14	%		0.81	%		0.11	%		0.01	%		0.01	%
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements and credits		1.21	%		1.12	%		0.65	%		0.08	%		(0.26	)%		(0.31	)%

⁽¹⁾

Per share amounts from net investment income were less than $0.01 per share.

⁽²⁾

Per share amounts from net realized and unrealized gains (losses) were less than $0.01 per share.

⁽³⁾

The Fund received a cash contribution from Northern Trust Corporation, the parent company of NTI, of approximately $91,000. The voluntary cash contribution represents less than $0.01 per share and had no effect on the Fund’s total return.

⁽⁴⁾

Per share amounts from distributions paid from net investment income were less than $0.01 per share.

⁽⁵⁾

Per share amount from distributions paid from net realized gains was less than $0.01 per share.

⁽⁶⁾

⁽⁷⁾

Annualized for periods less than one year.

⁽⁸⁾

The impact on Net Assets due to any custody credits is less than 0.005%.

U.S. GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND


Selected per share data	SIX MONTHS ENDED SEP 30, 2019 (UNAUDITED)			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2019			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2018			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2017			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2016			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2015
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:
Net investment income		0.01			0.02			0.01			—	⁽¹⁾		—	⁽¹⁾		—	⁽¹⁾
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)⁽²⁾		—			—			—			—			—			—
Total from Investment Operations		0.01			0.02			0.01			—			—			—

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS PAID:
From net investment income		(0.01	)		(0.02	)		(0.01	)		—	⁽³⁾		—	⁽³⁾		—	⁽³⁾
Total Distributions Paid		(0.01	)		(0.02	)		(0.01	)		—			—			—

Net Asset Value, End of Period	$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00

Total Return⁽⁴⁾		1.03	%		1.79	%		0.78	%		0.12	%		0.01	%		0.01	%
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS:
Net assets, in thousands, end of period	$	14,711,446		$	19,213,579		$	15,995,919		$	16,481,941		$	3,359,761		$	1,763,668
Ratio to average net assets of:⁽⁵⁾
Expenses, net of reimbursements and credits⁽⁶⁾		0.35	%		0.35	%		0.35	%		0.35	%		0.22	%		0.09	%
Expenses, before reimbursements and credits		0.36	%		0.36	%		0.36	%		0.36	%		0.36	%		0.40	%
Net investment income, net of reimbursements and credits⁽⁶⁾		2.05	%		1.80	%		0.77	%		0.15	%		0.01	%		0.01	%
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements and credits		2.04	%		1.79	%		0.76	%		0.14	%		(0.13	)%		(0.30	)%

⁽¹⁾

Per share amounts from net investment income were less than $0.01 per share.

⁽²⁾

Per share amounts from net realized and unrealized gains (losses) were less than $0.01 per share.

⁽³⁾

Per share amounts from distributions paid from net investment income were less than $0.01 per share.

⁽⁴⁾

⁽⁵⁾

Annualized for periods less than one year.

⁽⁶⁾

The impact on Net Assets due to any custody credits is less than 0.005%.

U.S. GOVERNMENT SELECT MONEY MARKET FUND


Selected per share data	SIX MONTHS ENDED SEP 30, 2019 (UNAUDITED)			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2019			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2018			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2017			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2016			FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAR 31, 2015
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:
Net investment income		0.01			0.02			0.01			—	⁽¹⁾		—	⁽¹⁾		—	⁽¹⁾
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)⁽²⁾		—			—			—			—			—			—
Total from Investment Operations		0.01			0.02			0.01			—			—			—

LESS DISTRIBUTIONS PAID:
From net investment income		(0.01	)		(0.02	)		(0.01	)		—	⁽³⁾		—	⁽³⁾		—	⁽³⁾
Total Distributions Paid		(0.01	)		(0.02	)		(0.01	)		—			—			—

Net Asset Value, End of Period	$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00		$	1.00

Total Return⁽⁴⁾		1.02	%		1.79	%		0.78	%		0.15	%		0.02	%		0.01	%
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS:
Net assets, in thousands, end of period	$	2,623,138		$	3,791,180		$	3,778,047		$	3,281,067		$	3,887,950		$	3,359,681
Ratio to average net assets of:⁽⁵⁾
Expenses, net of reimbursements and credits⁽⁶⁾		0.35	%		0.35	%		0.35	%		0.35	%		0.20	%		0.09	%
Expenses, before reimbursements and credits		0.37	%		0.37	%		0.37	%		0.36	%		0.36	%		0.39	%
Net investment income, net of reimbursements and credits⁽⁶⁾		2.05	%		1.78	%		0.80	%		0.14	%		0.01	%		0.01	%
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements and credits		2.03	%		1.76	%		0.78	%		0.13	%		(0.15	)%		(0.29	)%

⁽¹⁾

Per share amounts from net investment income were less than $0.01 per share.

⁽²⁾

Per share amounts from net realized and unrealized gains (losses) were less than $0.01 per share.

⁽³⁾

Per share amounts from distributions paid from net investment income were less than $0.01 per share.

⁽⁴⁾

⁽⁵⁾

Annualized for periods less than one year.

⁽⁶⁾

The impact on Net Assets due to any custody credits is less than 0.005%.

Please retain this Supplement with your Prospectus for future reference.

50 South LaSalle Street

P.O. Box 75986

Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986

800-637-1380

northerntrust.com/funds

NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUND (NORXX)

MUNICIPAL MONEY MARKET FUND (NOMXX)

U.S. GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND (NOGXX)

U.S. GOVERNMENT SELECT MONEY MARKET FUND (NOSXX)

Prospectus dated July 31, 2019

You could lose money by investing in the Funds.

Although each of the Funds seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, it cannot guarantee it will do so. The Money Market Fund and the Municipal Money Market Fund may impose a fee upon sale of your shares or may temporarily suspend your ability to sell shares if such Fund’s liquidity falls below required minimums because of market conditions or other factors.

Beginning on January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), paper copies of Northern Funds shareholder reports will no longer be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports from Northern Funds or from your financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or bank. Instead, the reports will be made available on the Funds’ website (northerntrust.com/funds) and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report.

If you have already elected to receive your shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and you need not take any action. You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from Northern Funds electronically at any time by contacting your financial intermediary (such as a broker-dealer or bank) or, if your account is held directly with Northern Funds, by calling the Northern Funds Center at 800-595-9111 or by sending an e-mail request to: northern-funds@ntrs.com.

You may elect to receive all future reports in paper free of charge. If you invest through a financial intermediary, please contact your financial intermediary to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports. If you invest directly with Northern Funds, you can inform Northern Funds that you wish to continue receiving paper copies of your shareholder reports by calling the Northern Funds Center at 800-595-9111 or by sending an e-mail request to: northern-funds@ntrs.com. Your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all Northern Funds you hold in your account at the financial intermediary or through an account with Northern Funds. You must provide separate instructions to each of your financial intermediaries.

An investment in a Fund is not a deposit of any bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), any other government agency, or The Northern Trust Company, its affiliates, subsidiaries or any other bank. The Funds’ sponsor has no legal obligation to provide financial support to the Funds, and you should not expect that the sponsor will provide financial support to the Funds at any time.

The SEC has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.


NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		1		MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

TABLE OF CONTENTS



3	FUND SUMMARIES

	3	MONEY MARKET FUND

	9	MUNICIPAL MONEY MARKET FUND

	15	U.S. GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND

	19	U.S. GOVERNMENT SELECT MONEY MARKET FUND

23	INVESTMENT ADVISER

24	MANAGEMENT FEES

25	OTHER FUND SERVICES

26	PURCHASING AND SELLING SHARES

	26	PURCHASING SHARES

	26	OPENING AN ACCOUNT

	28	SELLING SHARES

	29	LIQUIDITY FEES AND REDEMPTION GATES – MONEY MARKET FUND AND MUNICIPAL MONEY MARKET FUND

31	ACCOUNT POLICIES AND OTHER INFORMATION

37	DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

38	TAX CONSIDERATIONS

40	SECURITIES, TECHNIQUES AND RISKS

	40	ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS, DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES AND COMMON INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES

54	FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

60	FOR MORE INFORMATION


MONEY MARKET FUNDS		2		NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

FUND SUMMARIES

MONEY MARKET FUND

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The Fund seeks to maximize current income to the extent consistent with the preservation of capital and maintenance of liquidity by investing exclusively in high quality money market instruments.

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.


Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fees			0.33%

Other Expenses⁽¹⁾			0.05%

Transfer Agent Fees			0.02%

Other Operating Expenses			0.03%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses			0.38%

Expense Reimbursement⁽²⁾			(0.03)%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement⁽²⁾			0.35%

⁽¹⁾

Other Expenses have been restated to reflect current fees.

⁽²⁾

Northern Trust Investments, Inc. has contractually agreed to reimburse a portion of the operating expenses of the Fund (other than certain excepted expenses, i.e., Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, the compensation paid to each Independent Trustee of the Trust, expenses of third party consultants engaged by the Board of Trustees, membership dues paid to the Investment Company Institute and Mutual Fund Directors Forum, expenses in connection with the negotiation and renewal of the revolving credit facility, extraordinary expenses and interest) to the extent the “Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses” exceed 0.35%. The “Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement” may be higher than the contractual limitation as a result of the excepted expenses that are not reimbursed. This contractual limitation may not be terminated before July 31, 2020 without the approval of the Board of Trustees.

EXAMPLE

The following Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:


1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$36	$119	$210	$477

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

The Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing in a broad range of high-quality, U.S. dollar-denominated government, bank and commercial obligations that are available in the money markets, including:

∎

Obligations of U.S. banks (including obligations of foreign branches of such banks);

∎

Obligations of foreign commercial banks;

∎

Commercial paper and other obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. and foreign corporations and other issuers;

∎

Corporate bonds, notes, paper and other instruments that are of high-quality;

∎

Asset-backed securities and asset-backed commercial paper;

∎

Securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or by its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises and custodial receipts with respect thereto;

∎

Securities issued or guaranteed by one or more foreign governments or political subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities;

∎

Repurchase agreements; and

∎

Municipal securities issued or guaranteed by state or local governmental bodies.

Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 25% of its total assets in securities issued by companies in the financial services group of industries. Companies in the financial services group of industries include but are not limited to U.S. and non-U.S. companies involved in banking, mortgage, consumer or specialized finance, investment banking, securities brokerage, asset management and custody, insurance, financial investment, real estate and mortgage finance and financial conglomerates, and related asset-backed securities. The Fund may, however, for temporary defensive purposes, invest less than 25% of its total assets in the financial services industry if warranted due to adverse economic conditions or if investing less than 25% of its total assets in the financial services industry appears to be in the best interest of shareholders.


NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		3		MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUND

The Fund is a money market fund that seeks to maintain a stable net asset value (“NAV”) of $1.00 per share.

The Fund operates as a “retail money market fund,” as defined under Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. As a “retail money market fund” under Rule 2a-7, the Fund (1) is permitted to continue to use the amortized cost method of valuation to seek to maintain a stable NAV of $1.00 share price, and (2) the Board of Trustees (the “Board”) will be permitted to impose a “liquidity fee” on redemptions from the Fund (up to 2%) or temporarily restrict redemptions from the Fund for up to 10 business days during a 90-day period, as described in more detail under “Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares.”

The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) imposes strict requirements on the investment quality, maturity, diversification and liquidity of the Fund’s investments.

Accordingly, the Fund’s investments must have a remaining maturity of no more than 397 days and must be high quality. The Fund’s investment adviser may consider, among other things, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks as well as general market conditions when deciding whether to buy or sell investments for the Fund.

PRINCIPAL RISKS

ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES RISK. Asset-backed securities represent interests in pools of assets such as mortgages, commercial or consumer loans, or receivables and other financial assets. Asset-backed securities are subject to credit, interest rate, prepayment, extension, valuation and liquidity risk. These securities, in most cases, are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government and are subject to the risk of default on the underlying asset or loan, particularly during periods of economic downturn. Those asset-backed securities that are guaranteed as to the timely payment of interest and principal by a government entity, are not guaranteed as to market price, which will fluctuate. Small movements in interest rates (both increases and decreases) may quickly and significantly reduce the value of certain asset-backed securities.

COMMERCIAL PAPER RISK. Investments in commercial paper are subject to the risk that the issuer cannot issue enough new commercial paper to satisfy its obligations with respect to its outstanding commercial paper, also known as rollover risk. Commercial paper is also susceptible to changes in the issuer’s financial condition or credit quality. In addition, under certain circumstances commercial paper may become illiquid or may suffer from reduced liquidity. Commercial paper is generally unsecured, which increases the credit risk associated with this type of investment.

CREDIT (OR DEFAULT) RISK is the risk that the inability or unwillingness of an issuer or guarantor of a fixed-income security, or a counterparty to a repurchase or other transaction, to meet its principal or interest payments or other financial obligations will adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments and its returns. Changes in the credit rating of a debt security or of the issuer of a debt security held by the Fund could have a similar effect.

CYBERSECURITY RISK is the risk of an unauthorized breach and access to fund assets, fund or customer data (including private shareholder information), or proprietary information, or the risk of an incident occurring that causes the Fund, the investment adviser, custodian, transfer agent, distributor and other service providers and financial intermediaries to suffer data breaches, data corruption or lose operational functionality or prevent Fund investors from purchasing, redeeming or exchanging shares or receiving distributions. The Fund and its investment adviser have limited ability to prevent or mitigate cybersecurity incidents affecting third party service providers. Successful cyber-attacks or other cyber-failures or events affecting the Fund or its service providers may adversely impact and cause financial losses to the Fund or its shareholders.

DEBT EXTENSION RISK is the risk that an issuer will exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation held by the Fund (such as an asset-backed security) later than expected. This may happen during a period of rising interest rates. Under these circumstances, the value of the obligation will decrease, and the Fund will suffer from the inability to invest in higher yielding securities.

FINANCIAL SERVICES INDUSTRY RISK is the risk that, because the Fund will invest under normal market conditions at least 25% of its total assets in the financial services industry, the Fund will be subject to greater risk of loss by economic, business, political or other developments which generally affect this industry. Changes in government regulation and interest rates and economic downturns can have a significant negative effect on issuers in the financial services sector, including the price of their securities or their ability to meet their payment obligations.

FOREIGN SECURITIES RISK is the risk that a foreign security, even if it is a U.S. dollar-denominated foreign security, could lose value as a result of political, financial and economic events in foreign countries, more or less stringent foreign securities regulations and accounting and disclosure standards or other factors. In addition, the Fund will be subject to the risk that an issuer of foreign sovereign debt or the government authorities that control the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to repay the principal or interest when due.


MONEY MARKET FUNDS		4		NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUND

GUARANTOR (OR CREDIT ENHANCEMENT) RISK is the risk that changes in credit quality of a U.S. or foreign bank, insurance company or other financial institution or such entity’s failure to fulfill its obligations could cause the Fund’s investments to decline in value. Adverse developments in the banking or bond insurance industries also may negatively affect the Fund.

INCOME RISK is the risk that falling interest rates will cause the Fund’s income to decline. Income risk is generally higher for short-term debt securities.

INTEREST RATE RISK is the risk that during periods of rising interest rates, the Fund’s yield (and the market value of its securities) will tend to be lower than prevailing market rates; in periods of falling interest rates, the Fund’s yield (and the market value of its securities) will tend to be higher. Securities with longer maturities tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates, causing them to be more volatile than securities with shorter maturities. Securities with shorter maturities tend to provide lower returns and be less volatile than securities with longer maturities. If interest rates rise, the Fund’s yield may not increase proportionately, and the maturities of income securities that have the ability to be prepaid or called by the issuer may be extended. Changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on the markets and the Fund’s investments. A general rise in interest rates may cause investors to move out of fixed income securities on a large scale, which could adversely affect the price and liquidity of fixed income securities and could also result in increased redemptions for the Fund. A low or declining interest rate environment may prevent the Fund from providing a positive yield or paying Fund expenses out of Fund assets and could lead to a decline in the Fund’s share price. Fluctuations in interest rates may also affect the liquidity of fixed income securities and instruments held by the Fund.

LARGE SHAREHOLDER RISK is the risk that the Fund may experience adverse effects when certain large shareholders, including funds or accounts over which the Fund’s investment adviser or an affiliate of the investment adviser has investment discretion, purchase or redeem large amounts of shares of the Fund. Such large shareholder redemptions, which may occur rapidly and unexpectedly, may cause the Fund to sell its securities at times it would not otherwise do so, which may negatively impact its liquidity and/or net asset value. Such sales may also accelerate the increase of taxable income to shareholders if these sales result in gains, and may also increase transaction costs. In addition, large redemptions could lead to an increase in the Fund’s expense ratio due to expenses being allocated over a smaller asset base. Large share purchases of the Fund may adversely affect the Fund’s performance to the extent that the Fund is delayed in investing or otherwise maintains a larger cash position than it ordinarily would.

LIQUIDITY FEE AND REDEMPTION GATE RISK is the risk that the Fund may impose a “liquidity fee” (up to 2%) or “redemption gate” that temporarily restricts your ability to sell shares for up to 10 business days if the Fund’s liquidity falls below required minimums because of market conditions or other factors.

LIQUIDITY RISK is the risk that the Fund will not be able to pay redemption proceeds in a timely manner because of unusual market conditions, an unusually high volume of redemption requests, legal restrictions impairing its ability to sell particular securities or close out derivative positions at an advantageous market price or other reasons. Certain portfolio securities may be less liquid than others, which may make them difficult or impossible to sell at the time and the price that the Fund would like and the Fund may have to lower the price, sell other securities instead or forgo an investment opportunity. In addition, less liquid securities may be more difficult to value and markets may become less liquid when there are fewer interested buyers or sellers or when dealers are unwilling or unable to make a market for certain securities. For these same reasons, less liquid securities that the Fund may want to invest in may be difficult or impossible to purchase. Federal banking regulations may also cause certain dealers to reduce their inventories of certain securities, which may further decrease the Fund’s ability to buy or sell such securities. All of these risks may increase during periods of market turmoil and could have a negative effect on the Fund’s performance.

MANAGEMENT RISK is the risk that a strategy used by the Fund’s investment adviser may fail to produce the intended results or that imperfections, errors or limitations in the tools and data used by the investment adviser may cause unintended results.

MARKET RISK is the risk that the value of the Fund’s investments may increase or decrease in response to expected, real or perceived economic, political or financial events in the U.S. or global markets. The frequency and magnitude of such changes in value cannot be predicted. Certain securities and other investments held by the Fund may experience increased volatility, illiquidity, or other potentially adverse effects in response to changing market conditions, inflation, changes in interest rates, lack of liquidity in the bond or equity markets, volatility in the equities markets or adverse investor sentiment. The market value of the securities in which the Fund invests may go up or down in response to the prospects of particular sectors or governments and/or general economic conditions throughout the world due to increasingly interconnected global economies and financial markets.


NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		5		MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUND

MUNICIPAL MARKET VOLATILITY RISK is the risk that the Fund may be adversely affected by the volatile municipal market. The increased presence of nontraditional participants (such as proprietary trading desks of investment banks and hedge funds) or the absence of traditional participants (such as individuals, insurance companies, banks and life insurance companies) in the municipal markets may lead to greater volatility in the markets because non-traditional participants may trade more frequently or in greater volume. The municipal market can be significantly affected by adverse tax, legislative, or political changes and the financial condition of the issuers of municipal securities. In recent years an increasing number of municipal issuers have defaulted on obligations, been downgraded or commenced insolvency proceedings. Municipalities continue to experience difficulties in the current economic and political environment.

MUNICIPAL SECURITIES RISK is the risk that municipal securities may be subject to credit/default risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk and certain additional risks. The Fund may be more sensitive to adverse economic, business or political developments if it invests more than 25% of its assets in the debt securities of similar projects (such as those relating to education, health care, housing, transportation, and utilities), industrial development bonds, or in particular types of municipal securities (such as general obligation bonds, private activity bonds and moral obligation bonds). Municipal securities may be fully or partially backed or enhanced by the taxing authority of a local government, by the current or anticipated revenues from a specific project or specific assets, or by the credit of, or liquidity enhancement provided by, a private issuer. Special factors, such as legislative changes, and state and local economic and business developments, may adversely affect the yield and/or value of the Fund’s investments in municipal securities. The secondary market for municipal obligations also tends to be less well-developed and less liquid than many other securities markets, which may limit the Fund’s ability to sell its municipal obligations at attractive prices.

PREPAYMENT (OR CALL) RISK is the risk that because many issuers of fixed-income securities have an option to prepay their fixed-income securities, the exercise of such option may result in a decreased rate of return and a decline in value of those securities and accordingly, a decline in the Fund’s net asset value. Issuers may be more likely to prepay their securities if interest rates fall. If this happens, the Fund will not benefit from the rise in the market price of the securities that normally accompanies a decline in interest rates, and will be forced to reinvest prepayment proceeds at a time when yield on securities available in the market are lower than the yield on prepaid securities. The Fund may also lose any premium it paid to purchase the securities.

STABLE NAV RISK is the risk that the Fund will not be able to maintain an NAV per share of $1.00 at all times. A significant enough market disruption or drop in market prices of securities held by the Fund, especially at a time when the Fund needs to sell securities to meet shareholder redemption requests, could cause the value of the Fund’s shares to decrease to a price less than $1.00 per share. If the Fund fails to maintain a stable NAV (or if there is a perceived threat of such a failure) the Fund could be subject to increased redemption activity, which could adversely affect its NAV.

U.S. GOVERNMENT SECURITIES RISK is the risk that the U.S. government will not provide financial support to its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises if it is not obligated to do so by law. Certain U.S. government securities purchased by the Fund are neither issued nor guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury and, therefore, may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. It is possible that the issuers of such securities will not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future.

You could lose money by investing in the Fund. Although the Fund seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, the Fund cannot guarantee it will do so. The Fund may impose a fee upon sale of your shares or may temporarily suspend your ability to sell shares if the Fund’s liquidity falls below required minimums because of market conditions or other factors. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of any bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, any other government agency, or The Northern Trust Company, its affiliates, subsidiaries or any other bank. The Fund’s sponsor has no legal obligation to provide financial support to the Fund, and you should not expect that the sponsor will provide financial support to the Fund at any time.


MONEY MARKET FUNDS		6		NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUND

FUND PERFORMANCE

The bar chart and table that follow provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the performance of the Fund from year to year.

The Fund’s past performance is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.

Updated performance information for the Fund is available and may be obtained on the Fund’s website at northerntrust.com/funds or by calling 800-595-9111.

CALENDAR YEAR TOTAL RETURN*

LOGO

* Year to date total return for the six months ended June 30, 2019 is 1.14%. For the periods shown in the bar chart above, the highest quarterly return was 0.53% in the fourth quarter of 2018, and the lowest quarterly return was 0.00% in the second quarter of 2015.

AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN

(For the periods ended December 31, 2018)


	Inception Date		1-Year			5-Year			10-Year			Since Inception
Money Market Fund		4/11/94		1.80	%		0.61	%		0.32	%		2.39	%

The 7-day yield for the Fund as of December 31, 2018: 2.28%. For the current 7-day yield call 800-595-9111 or visit northerntrust.com/funds.

MANAGEMENT

INVESTMENT ADVISER. Northern Trust Investments, Inc. (“NTI”), an indirect subsidiary of Northern Trust Corporation, serves as the investment adviser of the Fund. The Northern Trust Company, an affiliate of NTI, serves as transfer agent, custodian and sub-administrator to the Fund.

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES

The Fund has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to limit all beneficial owners of the Fund to natural persons. A natural person is an individual human being with a social security number, taxpayer identification number, passport, and/or other government-issued identification evidencing nationality or residence. Shareholders must furnish to the Fund, or an authorized financial intermediary, if any, an account application that provides certain information (e.g., social security number or government-issued identification, such as a driver’s license or passport) that confirms that such shareholder is a natural person. Shareholders who do not qualify as a natural person, such as institutional investors, are not permitted to own shares of the Fund.

You may open an account directly with Northern Funds (the “Trust”) with a minimum initial investment of $2,500 in the Fund ($500 for an IRA; $250 under the Automatic Investment Plan; and $500 for employees of Northern Trust and its affiliates). The minimum subsequent investment is $50 (except for reinvestments of distributions for which there is no minimum). The Fund reserves the right to waive these minimums. You may also purchase Fund shares through your account at Northern Trust (or an affiliate) or an authorized intermediary.

On any business day, you may sell (redeem) or exchange shares through your account by contacting your Northern Trust account representative or authorized intermediary. If you purchase shares directly from the Trust, you may sell (redeem) or exchange your shares in one of the following ways:

∎

By Mail – Send a written request to: Northern Funds, P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986.

∎

By Telephone – Authorize the telephone privilege on your New Account Application. Call 800-595-9111 to use the telephone privilege.

∎

By Wire – Authorize wire redemptions on your New Account Application and have proceeds sent by federal wire transfer to a previously designated bank account (the minimum redemption amount by this method is $250). You will be charged $15 for each wire redemption unless the designated bank account is maintained at Northern Trust or an affiliated bank. Call 800-595-9111 for instructions.

∎

By Systematic Withdrawal – If you own shares of the Fund with a minimum value of $10,000, you may elect to have a fixed sum redeemed at regular intervals and distributed in cash or reinvested in one or more other funds of the Trust. Call 800-595-9111 for an application form and additional information. The minimum amount is $250 per withdrawal.


NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		7		MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUND

∎

By Exchange – Complete the Exchange Privilege section of your New Account Application to exchange shares of one fund in the Trust for shares of another fund in the Trust. Shares being exchanged must have a value of at least $1,000 ($2,500 if a new account is being established by the exchange, $500 if the new account is an IRA). Call 800-595-9111 for more information.

∎

By Internet – You may initiate transactions between Northern Trust banking and Fund accounts by using Northern Trust Private Passport. For details and to sign up for this service, go to northerntrust.com/funds or contact your Relationship Manager.

The Fund is permitted to impose a liquidity fee on redemptions (up to 2%) or temporarily restrict redemptions from the Fund for up to 10 business days during a 90-day period (a redemption gate), in the event that the Fund’s weekly liquid assets fall below the following thresholds:

∎

30% weekly liquid assets – If the Fund’s weekly liquid assets fall below 30% of the Fund’s total assets as of the end of a business day, and the Board of Trustees determines it is in the best interests of the Fund, the Board may impose a liquidity fee of no more than 2% of the amount redeemed and/or a redemption gate that temporarily suspends the right of redemption. Liquidity fees and/or redemption gates may be implemented as early as the same business day that weekly liquid assets of the Fund fall below 30% of the total assets.

∎

10% weekly liquid assets – If the Fund’s weekly liquid assets fall below 10% of the Fund’s total assets as of the end of a business day, the Fund will impose, at the beginning of the next business day, a liquidity fee of 1% of the amount redeemed, unless the Board determines that imposing such a fee would not be in the best interests of the Fund or determines that a lower or higher fee (not to exceed 2%) would be in the best interests of the Fund.

TAX INFORMATION

PAYMENTS TO BROKERS-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES

If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.


MONEY MARKET FUNDS		8		NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MUNICIPAL MONEY MARKET FUND

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The Fund seeks to provide, to the extent consistent with the preservation of capital and prescribed portfolio standards, a high level of income exempt from regular federal income tax by investing primarily in municipal instruments.

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.


Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fees			0.33%

Other Expenses⁽¹⁾			0.04%

Transfer Agent Fees			0.02%

Other Operating Expenses			0.02%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses			0.37%

Expense Reimbursement⁽²⁾			(0.02)%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement⁽²⁾			0.35%

⁽¹⁾

Other Expenses have been restated to reflect current fees.

⁽²⁾

EXAMPLE


1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$36	$117	$206	$466

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

The Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing primarily in high quality short-term municipal instruments, the interest on which is exempt from regular federal income tax. High quality instruments are those that present minimal credit risk as determined by the Fund’s investment adviser. The high level of income sought by the Fund is relative to yields currently available in the tax-exempt marketplace. Municipal instruments may include:

∎

Fixed, variable and floating rate notes and similar debt instruments;

∎

Asset-backed securities that are considered municipal instruments (such as trust certificates backed by municipal bonds);

∎

Tax-exempt commercial paper;

∎

Municipal bonds, notes, paper or other instruments; and

∎

Municipal bonds and notes that are guaranteed as to principal and interest or backed by the U.S. government or by its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises.

Except in extraordinary circumstances, at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets will be invested in debt instruments that pay interest that is exempt from regular federal income tax. The Fund limits its investments in Alternative Minimum Tax (“AMT”) obligations (also known as “private activity bonds”), so that the Fund ordinarily will not invest in such obligations except during temporary defensive periods or when non-AMT obligations are unavailable. AMT obligations pay interest that may be treated as an item of tax preference to shareholders under the federal AMT. To the extent that the Fund invests in AMT obligations, a portion of the Fund’s dividends may be subject to federal income tax for shareholders subject to AMT.

The Fund is a money market fund that seeks to maintain a stable net asset value (“NAV”) of $1.00 per share.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) imposes strict requirements on the investment quality, maturity, diversification and liquidity of the Fund’s investments.


NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		9		MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MUNICIPAL MONEY MARKET FUND

PRINCIPAL RISKS

DEBT EXTENSION RISK is the risk that an issuer will exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation held by the Fund (such as an asset-backed security) later than expected. This may happen during a period of rising interest rates. Under these circumstances, the value of the obligation will decrease and the Fund will suffer from the inability to invest in higher yielding securities.

GEOGRAPHIC AND SECTOR RISK is the risk that if the Fund invests a significant portion of its total assets in certain issuers within the same state, geographic region or economic sector, an adverse economic, business or political development affecting that state, region or sector may affect the value of the Fund’s investments more than if its investments were not so concentrated in such geographic region or economic sector.

INCOME RISK is the risk that falling interest rates will cause the Fund’s income to decline. Income risk is generally higher for short-term debt securities.


MONEY MARKET FUNDS		10		NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MUNICIPAL MONEY MARKET FUND

rapidly and unexpectedly, may cause the Fund to sell its securities at times it would not otherwise do so, which may negatively impact its liquidity and/or net asset value. Such sales may also accelerate the increase of taxable income to shareholders if these sales result in gains, and may also increase transaction costs. In addition, large redemptions could lead to an increase in the Fund’s expense ratio due to expenses being allocated over a smaller asset base. Large share purchases of the Fund may adversely affect the Fund’s performance to the extent that the Fund is delayed in investing or otherwise maintains a larger cash position than it ordinarily would.


NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		11		MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MUNICIPAL MONEY MARKET FUND

from the rise in the market price of the securities that normally accompanies a decline in interest rates, and will be forced to reinvest prepayment proceeds at a time when yield on securities available in the market are lower than the yield on prepaid securities. The Fund may also lose any premium it paid to purchase the securities.

TAX RISK is the risk that future legislative or administrative changes, court decisions or noncompliant conduct by issuers may materially affect the value of municipal instruments, the ability of the Fund to pay tax-exempt dividends, or may otherwise prevent the Fund from realizing the full current benefit of the tax-exempt status of such securities. Any such change could affect the value of an investment in the Fund.

VARIABLE OR FLOATING RATE INSTRUMENTS RISK is the risk that securities with variable or floating rates can be less sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with fixed interest rates, but may decline in value and negatively impact the Fund, particularly if changes in prevailing interest rates are more frequent or sudden than the rate changes for the variable or floating rate securities, which only occur periodically. Although variable and floating rate securities are less sensitive to interest rate risk than fixed-rate securities, they are subject to credit risk and default risk, which could impede their value.

FUND PERFORMANCE

The bar chart and table that follow provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the performance of the Fund from year to year.

The Fund’s past performance is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.

Updated performance information for the Fund is available and may be obtained on the Fund’s website at northerntrust.com/funds or by calling 800-595-9111.

CALENDAR YEAR TOTAL RETURN*

LOGO

* Year to date total return for the six months ended June 30, 2019 is 0.64%. For the periods shown in the bar chart above, the highest quarterly return was 0.33% in the fourth quarter of 2018, and the lowest quarterly return was 0.00% in the third quarter of 2015.

AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN

(For the periods ended December 31, 2018)


	Inception Date		1-Year			5-Year			10-Year			Since Inception
Municipal Money Market Fund		4/11/94		1.07	%		0.44	%		0.24	%		1.56	%

The 7-day yield for the Fund as of December 31, 2018:1.38%. For the current 7-day yield call 800-595-9111 or visit northerntrust.com/funds.

MANAGEMENT


MONEY MARKET FUNDS		12		NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MUNICIPAL MONEY MARKET FUND

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES

∎

By Mail – Send a written request to: Northern Funds, P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986.

∎

By Telephone – Authorize the telephone privilege on your New Account Application. Call 800-595-9111 to use the telephone privilege.

∎


NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		13		MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MUNICIPAL MONEY MARKET FUND

TAX INFORMATION

When you sell your shares, you will generally recognize a capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between your adjusted tax basis in the shares and the amount received. Any liquidity fees you incur on shares redeemed will generally decrease the amount of any capital gain (or increase the amount of any capital loss) you recognize with respect to such redemption. The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. However, the Fund anticipates that substantially all of its income dividends will be “exempt-interest dividends” that are generally exempt from regular federal income tax. In certain instances, dividends paid by the Fund, while exempt from regular federal income tax, may be subject to the federal AMT. State and local income taxes may apply to all or a portion of the exempt-interest dividends paid by the Fund. Tax-exempt institutions, IRAs and other tax advantaged retirement accounts will not gain an additional benefit through investment in the Fund because such investors are already tax-exempt.

PAYMENTS TO BROKERS-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES


MONEY MARKET FUNDS		14		NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

U.S. GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The Fund seeks to maximize current income to the extent consistent with the preservation of capital and maintenance of liquidity by investing exclusively in high quality money market instruments.

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.


Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fees			0.33%

Other Expenses⁽¹⁾			0.03%

Transfer Agent Fees			0.02%

Other Operating Expenses			0.01%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses			0.36%

Expense Reimbursement⁽²⁾			(0.01)%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement⁽²⁾			0.35%

⁽¹⁾

Other Expenses have been restated to reflect current fees.

⁽²⁾

EXAMPLE


1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$36	$115	$201	$455

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

The Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing, under normal circumstances, substantially all (and at least 99.5%) of its total assets in cash, securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or by a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an instrumentality of the U.S. government pursuant to authority granted by the Congress of the United States or any certificate of deposit of any of the foregoing, and repurchase agreements that are fully collateralized by cash or such securities. The Fund, under normal circumstances, will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in U.S. government securities and repurchase agreements collateralized solely by U.S. government securities.

The Fund operates as a “government money market fund” under Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. As a “government money market fund” under Rule 2a-7, the Fund (1) is permitted to use the amortized cost method of valuation to seek to maintain a stable net asset value (“NAV”) of $1.00 share price, and (2) is not required to impose a liquidity fee and/or a redemption gate on fund redemptions that might apply to other types of money market funds should certain triggering events specified in Rule 2a-7 occur.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) imposes strict requirements on the investment quality, maturity, diversification and liquidity of the Fund’s investments. Accordingly, the Fund’s investments must have a remaining maturity of no more than 397 days and must be high quality. The Fund’s investment adviser may consider, among other things, credit, interest rate and prepayment risks as well as general market conditions when deciding whether to buy or sell investments for the Fund.

PRINCIPAL RISKS


NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		15		MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

U.S. GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND

data breaches, data corruption or lose operational functionality or prevent Fund investors from purchasing, redeeming or exchanging shares or receiving distributions. The Fund and its investment adviser have limited ability to prevent or mitigate cybersecurity incidents affecting third party service providers. Successful cyber-attacks or other cyber-failures or events affecting the Fund or its service providers may adversely impact and cause financial losses to the Fund or its shareholders.

Successful cyber-attacks or other cyber-failures or events affecting the Fund or its service providers may adversely impact the Fund or its shareholders.

DEBT EXTENSION RISK is the risk that an issuer will exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation held by the Fund (such as an asset-backed security) later than expected. This may happen during a period of rising interest rates. Under these circumstances, the value of the obligation will decrease and the Fund will suffer from the inability to invest in higher yielding securities.

INCOME RISK is the risk that falling interest rates will cause the Fund’s income to decline. Income risk is generally higher for short-term debt securities.

LARGE SHAREHOLDER RISK is the risk that the Fund may experience adverse effects when certain large shareholders, including funds or accounts over which the fund’s investment adviser or an affiliate of the investment adviser has investment discretion, purchase or redeem large amounts of shares of the Fund. Such large shareholder redemptions, which may occur rapidly and unexpectedly, may cause the Fund to sell its securities at times it would not otherwise do so, which may negatively impact its liquidity and/or net asset value. Such sales may also accelerate the increase of taxable income to shareholders if these sales result in gains, and may also increase transaction costs. In addition, large redemptions could lead to an increase in the Fund’s expense ratio due to expenses being allocated over a smaller asset base. Large share purchases of the Fund may adversely affect the Fund’s performance to the extent that the Fund is delayed in investing or otherwise maintains a larger cash position than it ordinarily would.


MONEY MARKET FUNDS		16		NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

U.S. GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND

cause the value of the Fund’s shares to decrease to a price less than $1.00 per share. If the Fund fails to maintain a stable NAV (or if there is a perceived threat of such a failure), the Fund could be subject to increased redemption activity, which could adversely affect its NAV.

You could lose money by investing in the Fund. Although the Fund seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, the Fund cannot guarantee it will do so. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of any bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, any other government agency, or The Northern Trust Company, its affiliates, subsidiaries or any other bank. The Fund’s sponsor has no legal obligation to provide financial support to the Fund, and you should not expect that the sponsor will provide financial support to the Fund at any time.

FUND PERFORMANCE

The bar chart and table that follow provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the performance of the Fund from year to year.

The Fund’s past performance is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.

Updated performance information for the Fund is available and may be obtained on the Fund’s website at northerntrust.com/funds or by calling 800-595-9111.

CALENDAR YEAR TOTAL RETURN*

LOGO

* Year to date total return for the six months ended June 30, 2019 is 1.06%. For the periods shown in the bar chart above, the highest quarterly return was 0.49% in the fourth quarter of 2018, and the lowest quarterly return was 0.00% in the fourth quarter of 2015.

AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN

(For the periods ended December 31, 2018)


	Inception Date		1-Year			5-Year			10-Year			Since Inception
U.S. Government Money Market Fund		4/11/94		1.53	%		0.44	%		0.23	%		2.29	%

The 7-day yield for the Fund as of December 31, 2018: 2.11%. For the current 7-day yield call 800-595-9111 or visit northerntrust.com/funds.

MANAGEMENT

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES


NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		17		MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

U.S. GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND

∎

By Mail – Send a written request to: Northern Funds, P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986.

∎

By Telephone – Authorize the telephone privilege on your New Account Application. Call 800-595-9111 to use the telephone privilege.

∎

By Check – If you authorize the checkwriting privilege on your New Account Application, you may redeem shares of the Fund by check in amounts of $250 or more. In the event that the Fund is required to redeem and sell Fund shares at a price other than $1.00 per share, the checkwriting privilege for the Fund will be suspended until the Fund is able to redeem and sell Fund shares at a stable NAV of $1.00 per share.

∎

TAX INFORMATION

The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or a combination of the two, unless you are investing through a tax-exempt or tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. Distributions may be taxable upon withdrawal from tax-deferred accounts.

PAYMENTS TO BROKERS-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES


MONEY MARKET FUNDS		18		NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

U.S. GOVERNMENT SELECT MONEY MARKET FUND

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE

The Fund seeks to maximize current income to the extent consistent with the preservation of capital and maintenance of liquidity by investing exclusively in high quality money market instruments.

FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE FUND

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.


Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)

None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fees			0.33%

Other Expenses⁽¹⁾			0.04%

Transfer Agent Fees			0.02%

Other Operating Expenses			0.02%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses			0.37%

Expense Reimbursement⁽²⁾			(0.02)%

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement⁽²⁾			0.35%

⁽¹⁾

Other Expenses have been restated to reflect current fees.

⁽²⁾

EXAMPLE


1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$36	$117	$206	$466

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

The Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing, under normal circumstances, substantially all (and at least 99.5%) of its total assets in cash, securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or by a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an instrumentality of the U.S. government pursuant to authority granted by the Congress of the United States or any certificate of deposit of any of the foregoing, and repurchase agreements that are fully collateralized by cash or such securities. Subject to the foregoing 99.5% investment strategy requirement, under normal circumstances, the Fund will seek to acquire only those U.S. government securities paying interest that generally is exempt from state income taxation. The Fund, under normal circumstances, will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in U.S. government securities and repurchase agreements collateralized solely by U.S. government securities.

PRINCIPAL RISKS


NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		19		MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

U.S. GOVERNMENT SELECT MONEY MARKET FUND

DEBT EXTENSION RISK is the risk that an issuer will exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation held by the Fund (such as an asset-backed security) later than expected. This may happen during a period of rising interest rates. Under these circumstances, the value of the obligation will decrease and the Fund will suffer from the inability to invest in higher yielding securities.

INCOME RISK is the risk that falling interest rates will cause the Fund’s income to decline. Income risk is generally higher for short-term debt securities.


MONEY MARKET FUNDS		20		NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

U.S. GOVERNMENT SELECT MONEY MARKET FUND

FUND PERFORMANCE

The bar chart and table that follow provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the performance of the Fund from year to year.

The Fund’s past performance is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.

Updated performance information for the Fund is available and may be obtained on the Fund’s website at northerntrust.com/funds or by calling 800-595-9111.

CALENDAR YEAR TOTAL RETURN*

LOGO

* Year to date total return for the six months ended June 30, 2019 is 1.05%. For the periods shown in the bar chart above, the highest quarterly return was 0.48% in the fourth quarter of 2018, and the lowest quarterly return was 0.00% in the fourth quarter of 2015.

AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURN

(For the periods ended December 31, 2018)


	Inception Date		1-Year			5-Year			10-Year			Since Inception
U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund		12/12/94		1.53	%		0.44	%		0.23	%		2.23	%

The 7-day yield for the Fund as of December 31, 2018: 2.10%. For the current 7-day yield call 800-595-9111 or visit northerntrust.com/funds.

MANAGEMENT

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES


NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		21		MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

U.S. GOVERNMENT SELECT MONEY MARKET FUND

∎

By Mail – Send a written request to: Northern Funds, P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986.

∎

By Telephone – Authorize the telephone privilege on your New Account Application. Call 800-595-9111 to use the telephone privilege.

∎

TAX INFORMATION

PAYMENTS TO BROKERS-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES


MONEY MARKET FUNDS		22		NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

INVESTMENT ADVISER

This Prospectus describes four money market funds (each a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”), which are currently offered by Northern Funds (the “Trust”).

Northern Trust Investments, Inc. (“NTI” or the “Investment Adviser”), an indirect subsidiary of Northern Trust Corporation, serves as the Investment Adviser of the Funds and is responsible for their overall administration. NTI is located at 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603.

NTI is an Illinois State Banking Corporation and an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. It primarily manages assets for institutional and individual separately managed accounts, investment companies and bank common and collective funds.

Northern Trust Corporation is regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as a financial holding company under the U.S. Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. Unless otherwise indicated, NTI and The Northern Trust Company (“TNTC”) are referred to collectively in this Prospectus as “Northern Trust.”

As of June 30, 2019, Northern Trust Corporation, through its affiliates, had assets under custody of $8.52 trillion, and assets under investment management of $1.18 trillion.

Under the Management Agreement with the Trust, the Investment Adviser, subject to the general supervision of the Trust’s Board of Trustees, is responsible for making investment decisions for the Funds and for placing purchase and sale orders for portfolio securities, as well as for providing administration services to the Funds.


NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		23		MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MANAGEMENT FEES

As compensation for advisory services and administration services and the assumption of related expenses, NTI is entitled to a management fee, computed daily and payable monthly, at annual rates set forth in the table below (expressed as a percentage of each Fund’s respective average daily net assets). The table also reflects the management fees paid by each of the Funds for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 (expressed as a percentage of each Fund’s respective average daily net assets).

NTI has contractually agreed to reimburse a portion of the operating expenses of each Fund (other than certain fees and expenses shown in the table under the caption “Fees and Expenses of the Fund” in each Fund’s Fund Summary) so that “Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement” do not exceed the amount shown in the footnote to the table under the caption “Fees and Expenses of the Fund” in each Fund’s Fund Summary. The “Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement” for a Fund may be higher than the contractual limitation for the Fund as a result of certain excepted expenses that are not reimbursed. The contractual expense reimbursement arrangement is expected to continue until at least July 31, 2020. The contractual expense reimbursement arrangement will continue automatically thereafter for periods of one year (each such one-year period, a “Renewal Year”). The arrangement may be terminated, as to any succeeding Renewal Year, by NTI or a Fund upon 60 days’ written notice prior to the end of the current Renewal Year. The Board of Trustees may terminate the arrangement at any time with respect to a Fund if it determines that it is in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders.

NTI may reimburse additional expenses or waive all or a portion of the management fees of the Funds from time to time, including to avoid a negative yield. Any such additional expense reimbursement or fee waiver would be voluntary and could be implemented, increased or decreased, or discontinued at any time. There is no guarantee that a Fund will be able to avoid a negative yield.

A discussion regarding the Board of Trustees’ basis for its most recent approval of the Funds’ Management Agreement will be available in the Funds’ semi-annual report to shareholders for the six-month period ending September 30, 2019.


Fund	Contractual Management Fee Rate		Management Fees Paid for Fiscal Year Ended 3/31/19
MONEY MARKET		0.33%		0.33%
MUNICIPAL MONEY MARKET		0.33%		0.33%
U.S. GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET		0.33%		0.33%
U.S. GOVERNMENT SELECT MONEY MARKET		0.33%		0.33%


MONEY MARKET FUNDS		24		NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

OTHER FUND SERVICES

TNTC serves as Transfer Agent and Custodian for each Fund. The Transfer Agent performs various shareholder servicing functions, and any shareholder inquiries should be directed to it. TNTC also performs certain administrative services for the Funds pursuant to a sub-administration agreement with NTI. NTI pays TNTC for its sub-administration services out of its management fees, which do not represent additional expenses to the Funds.

TNTC, as Transfer Agent, is entitled to transfer agent fees at an annual rate of 0.019% of the average daily net assets of each Fund. TNTC, as Custodian, receives an amount based on a pre-determined schedule of charges approved by the Trust’s Board of Trustees.

TNTC, NTI and other Northern Trust affiliates may provide other services to the Funds and receive compensation for such services, if consistent with the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and the rules, exemptive orders and no-action letters issued by the SEC thereunder. Unless required, investors in a Fund may or may not receive specific notice of such additional services and fees.

Shares of the Trust are distributed by Northern Funds Distributors, LLC (“NFD”), Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine, 04101. NFD is not affiliated with TNTC, NTI, or any other Northern Trust affiliate.


NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		25		MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

PURCHASING AND SELLING SHARES

THE TRUST IS A FAMILY OF NO-LOAD MUTUAL FUNDS THAT OFFERS A SELECTION OF FUNDS TO INVESTORS, EACH WITH A DISTINCT INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND RISK/REWARD PROFILE.

The descriptions in the Fund Summaries may help you decide whether a Fund or Funds fit your investment needs. Keep in mind, however, that no guarantee can be made that a Fund will meet its investment objective, and no Fund should be relied upon as a complete investment program. The Trust also offers other funds, including equity, fixed-income and multi-manager funds, which are described in separate prospectuses.

Please note that the fee and expense information shown under “Fees and Expenses of the Fund” in the Fund Summaries beginning on page 3 does not reflect any charges that may be imposed by TNTC, its affiliates, financial intermediaries and other institutions on their customers. (For more information, please see “Account Policies and Other Information—Financial Intermediaries” on page 34.)

PURCHASING SHARES

You may purchase shares directly from the Trust or, if you maintain certain accounts, through Northern Trust and certain other institutions. With certain limited exceptions, the Funds are generally available only to investors residing in the United States or through a United States based financial intermediary and may not be distributed by a foreign financial intermediary.

The Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund have each adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to limit all beneficial owners of the Fund to natural persons. A natural person is an individual human being with a social security number, taxpayer identification number, passport, and/or other government-issued identification evidencing nationality or residence. Shareholders must furnish to a Fund, or an authorized financial intermediary, if any, an account application that provides certain information (e.g., social security number or government-issued identification, such as a driver’s license or passport) that confirms that such shareholder is a natural person. Shareholders who do not qualify as a natural person, such as institutional investors, are not permitted to own shares of a Fund.

If you have any questions or need assistance in opening an investment account or purchasing shares, call 800-595-9111.

OPENING AN ACCOUNT

THROUGH AN AUTHORIZED INTERMEDIARY. The Trust may authorize certain institutions acting as financial intermediaries (including banks, trust companies, brokers and investment advisers) to accept purchase orders from their customers on behalf of the Funds. See “Account Policies and Other Information—Financial Intermediaries” beginning on page 34 for additional information regarding purchases of Fund shares through authorized intermediaries.

DIRECTLY FROM THE FUNDS. You may open a shareholder account and purchase shares directly from the Funds with a minimum initial investment per Fund of $2,500 ($500 for an IRA; $250 under the Automatic Investment Plan; and $500 for employees of Northern Trust and its affiliates). The minimum subsequent investment is $50 (except for reinvestments of distributions for which there is no minimum). The Funds reserve the right to waive these minimums.

For your convenience, there are a number of ways to invest directly in the Funds:

BY MAIL

∎

Read this Prospectus carefully.

∎

Complete and sign the New Account Application.

∎

Enclose a check payable to Northern Funds.

∎

If you are investing on behalf of a corporation or other entity, your New Account Application must be accompanied by acceptable evidence of authority (if applicable).

∎

Mail your check, acceptable evidence of authority (if applicable) and completed New Account Application to:

Northern Funds

P.O. Box 75986

Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986

∎

Additional documentation may be required to fulfill the requirements of the “Customer Identification Program” described beginning on page 34.

∎

For overnight delivery use the following address:

Northern Funds

801 South Canal Street

Chicago, Illinois 60607

∎

For subsequent investments:

∎

Enclose your check with the investment slip portion of the confirmation of your previous investment; or

∎

Indicate on your check or a separate piece of paper your name, address and account number.


MONEY MARKET FUNDS		26		NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

All checks must be payable in U.S. dollars and drawn on a bank located in the United States. Cash, travelers checks, money orders and third party checks are not acceptable.

BY WIRE OR AUTOMATED CLEARING HOUSE (“ACH”) TRANSFER TO OPEN A NEW ACCOUNT:

∎

For more information or instructions regarding the purchase of shares, call the Northern Funds Center at 800-595-9111.

∎

Complete a New Account Application and send it to:

Northern Funds

P.O. Box 75986

Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986

TO ADD TO AN EXISTING ACCOUNT:

∎

Have your bank wire federal funds or effect an ACH transfer to:

The Northern Trust Company

Chicago, Illinois

ABA Routing No. 0710-00152

(Reference 10-Digit Fund account number, with no spaces (e.g., ##########))

(Reference Shareholder’s Name)

BY DIRECT DEPOSIT

TO PURCHASE ADDITIONAL SHARES:

∎

Determine if your employer has direct deposit capabilities through the ACH.

∎

Have your employer send payments to:

ABA Routing No. 0710-00152

(Reference 10-Digit Fund account number, with no spaces

(e.g., ##########))

(Reference Shareholder’s Name)

∎

The minimum periodic investment for direct deposit is $50.

BY AUTOMATIC INVESTMENT

TO OPEN A NEW ACCOUNT:

∎

Complete a New Account Application, including the Automatic Investment section.

∎

Send it to:

Northern Funds

P.O. Box 75986

Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986

∎

The minimum initial investment in each of the Funds is $250; $50 for monthly minimum additions.

TO ADD TO AN EXISTING ACCOUNT:

∎

Call 800-595-9111 to obtain an Automatic Investment Plan Form.

∎

The minimum for automatic investment additions is $50.

If you discontinue participation in the plan, the Funds reserve the right to redeem your account involuntarily, upon 30 days’ written notice, if the account’s NAV is $1,000 or less. Involuntary redemptions will not be made if the value of shares in an account falls below the minimum amount solely because of a decline in the Fund’s NAV.

BY DIRECTED REINVESTMENT

You may elect to have your income dividend and capital gain distributions automatically invested in another Northern Funds account.

∎

Complete the “Choose Your Dividend and Capital Gain Distributions” section on the New Account Application.

∎

Reinvestments can only be directed to an existing Northern Funds account (which must meet the minimum investment requirement).

BY EXCHANGE

You may open a new account or add to an existing account by exchanging shares of one fund of the Trust for shares of any other fund offered by the Trust. See “Selling Shares—By Exchange.”

BY INTERNET

You may initiate transactions between Northern Trust banking and Northern Funds accounts by using Northern Trust Private Passport. For details and to sign up for this service, go to northerntrust.com/funds or contact your Relationship Manager.

THROUGH NORTHERN TRUST AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS

If you have an account with Northern Trust, you may purchase shares through Northern Trust. You also may purchase shares through other financial institutions that have entered into agreements with the Trust. To determine whether you may purchase shares through your institution, contact your institution directly or call 800-595-9111. Northern Trust and other financial institutions may impose charges against your account which will reduce the net return on an investment in a


NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		27		MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

Fund. These charges may include asset allocation fees, account maintenance fees, sweep fees, compensating balance requirements or other charges based upon account transactions, assets or income.

SELLING SHARES

THROUGH AN AUTHORIZED INTERMEDIARY. If you purchase shares from an authorized intermediary, you may sell (redeem) shares by contacting your financial intermediary. See “Account Policies and Other Information—Financial Intermediaries” beginning on page 34 for additional information regarding sales (redemptions) of Fund shares through authorized intermediaries.

REDEEMING AND EXCHANGING DIRECTLY FROM THE FUNDS

If you purchased shares directly from the Funds or, if you purchased your shares through an account at Northern Trust or another financial institution and you appear on Fund records as the registered holder, you may redeem all or part of your shares using one of the methods described below.

BY MAIL

SEND A WRITTEN REQUEST TO:

Northern Funds

P.O. Box 75986

Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986

THE REDEMPTION REQUEST MUST INCLUDE:

∎

The number of shares or the dollar amount to be redeemed;

∎

The Fund account number;

∎

The signatures of all account owners;

∎

A signature guarantee also is required if:

–

The proceeds are to be sent elsewhere than the address of record, or

–

The redemption amount is greater than $100,000.

BY WIRE

If you authorize wire redemptions on your New Account Application, you can redeem shares and have the proceeds sent by federal wire transfer to a previously designated bank account.

∎

You will be charged $15 for each wire redemption unless the designated bank account is maintained at Northern Trust or an affiliated bank.

∎

Call the Transfer Agent at 800-595-9111 for instructions.

∎

The minimum amount that may be redeemed by this method is $250.

BY CHECK—U.S. GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND AND U.S. GOVERNMENT SELECT MONEY MARKET FUND

If you authorize the checkwriting privilege on your New Account Application, you may redeem shares of the U.S. Government Money Market Fund and U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund by check in amounts of $250 or more. If your account is already open:

∎

Call 800-595-9111 for the appropriate form.

∎

The application must be signed by each person whose name appears on the account and must be accompanied by a signature guarantee.

∎

Dividends are earned until the check clears the Transfer Agent.

∎

Checks you write will not be returned to you, although copies are available upon request.

∎

A fee of $20 will be charged to the account if there are insufficient funds to cover the amount of the redemption by check.

∎

To place a stop payment request, call 800-595-9111. A $20 fee will be charged to the account.

∎

You may not use checks to close an account or redeem shares purchased within the past fifteen days.

∎

In accordance with the requirements of Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act, the Funds’ Transfer Agent must have the capability to redeem and sell shares of the Funds at a price based on the current NAV per share, including the capability to redeem and sell at prices that do not correspond to the stable $1.00 NAV or price per share. In the event that a Fund is required to redeem and sell Fund shares at a price other than $1.00 per share, the checkwriting privilege for that Fund will be suspended until the Fund is able to redeem and sell Fund shares at a stable NAV of $1.00 per share.

BY SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL

If you own shares of a Fund with a minimum value of $10,000, you may elect to have a fixed sum redeemed at regular intervals and distributed in cash or reinvested in one or more other funds of the Trust.


MONEY MARKET FUNDS		28		NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

∎

Call 800-595-9111 for an application form and additional information.

∎

The minimum amount is $250 per withdrawal.

BY EXCHANGE

The Trust offers you the ability to exchange shares of one fund in the Trust for shares of another fund in the Trust.

∎

When opening an account, complete the Exchange Privilege section of the New Account Application or, if your account is already opened, send a written request to:

Northern Funds

P.O. Box 75986

Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986

∎

Shares being exchanged must have a value of at least $1,000 ($2,500 if a new account is being established by the exchange, $500 if the new account is an IRA).

∎

Call 800-595-9111 for more information.

BY TELEPHONE

∎

If you authorize the telephone privilege on your New Account Application, you may redeem shares by telephone.

∎

If your account is already opened, send a written request to:

Northern Funds

P.O. Box 75986

Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986

∎

The request must be signed by each owner of the account and must be accompanied by signature guarantees.

∎

Call 800-595-9111 to use the telephone privilege.

During periods of unusual economic or market activity, telephone redemptions may be difficult to implement. In such event, shareholders should follow the procedures outlined on page 28 under “Selling Shares—By Mail” and outlined below under “Selling Shares—By Internet.”

BY INTERNET

REDEEMING AND EXCHANGING THROUGH NORTHERN TRUST AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS

If you purchased your shares through an account at Northern Trust or through another financial institution, you may redeem or exchange your shares according to the instructions pertaining to that account.

∎

Although the Trust imposes no charges when you redeem shares of a Fund, when shares are purchased through an account at Northern Trust or through other financial institutions, a fee may be charged by those institutions for providing services in connection with your account.

∎

Contact your account representative at Northern Trust or at another financial institution for more information about redemptions or exchanges.

LIQUIDITY FEES AND REDEMPTION GATES—MONEY MARKET FUND AND MUNICIPAL MONEY MARKET FUND

For the Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund only, each Fund may impose a liquidity fee of up to 2% on redemptions from a Fund or temporarily restrict redemptions from a Fund for up to 10 business days in any given 90-day period (a “redemption gate”) in the event that a Fund’s weekly liquid assets fall below the following thresholds:

30% weekly liquid assets—If a Fund’s weekly liquid assets fall below 30% of the Fund’s total assets as of the end of a business day, and the Board of Trustees determines it is in the best interests of the Fund, the Board of Trustees may impose a liquidity fee of no more than 2% of the amount redeemed and/or a redemption gate that temporarily suspends the right of redemption. Liquidity fees and/or redemption gates may be implemented as early as the same business day that weekly liquid assets of a Fund fall below 30% of the total assets.

10% weekly liquid assets—If a Fund’s weekly liquid assets fall below 10% of the Fund’s total assets as of the end of a business day, the Fund will impose, at the beginning of the next business day, a liquidity fee of 1% of the amount redeemed, unless the Board determines that imposing the fee would not be in the best interests of the Fund or determines that a lower or higher fee (not to exceed 2%) would be in the best interests of the Fund.

If the Board imposes a redemption gate, the Fund, and the Fund’s authorized intermediaries will not accept redemption orders until the Fund has notified shareholders that the redemption gate has been lifted. Any redemption orders submitted while a redemption gate is in effect will be cancelled without further notice. If you still wish to redeem shares once


NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		29		MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

the redemption gate has been lifted, you will need to submit a new redemption request to the Fund or the Fund’s authorized intermediaries.

Liquidity fees and redemption gates may be terminated at any time at the discretion of the Board of Trustees. In addition, liquidity fees and redemption gates will terminate at the beginning of the next business day once a Fund has invested 30% or more of its total assets in weekly liquid assets. A Fund may only suspend redemptions for up to 10 business days in any 90-day period.

Liquidity fees would generally be used to assist a Fund to stem redemptions during times of market stress.

A liquidity fee imposed by a Fund will reduce the amount you will receive upon the redemption of your shares, and will generally decrease the amount of any capital gain or increase the amount of any capital loss you will recognize with respect to the redemption.

Any announcement regarding the imposition of a liquidity fee or redemption gate, or the termination of a liquidity fee or a redemption gate, will be available at a Fund’s website, northerntrust.com/funds, and will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form N-CR.

If a Fund’s weekly liquid assets fall below 10% of its total assets, the Fund reserves the right to permanently suspend redemptions and liquidate if the Board determines that it is not in the best interests of the Fund to continue operating.

Additional information regarding liquidity fees and redemption gates is included in the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”).


MONEY MARKET FUNDS		30		NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

ACCOUNT POLICIES AND OTHER INFORMATION

AUTOMATIC INVESTMENT ARRANGEMENTS. You may purchase shares through your account at Northern Trust either by directing automatic investment of cash balances in excess of certain agreed upon amounts or by directing investments from time to time on a non-automatic basis. Northern Trust will place a purchase order generated under an automatic investment direction either on the Business Day (see “Business Day” on page 34) that funds are available in the account or on the next Business Day, depending upon the terms of the automatic investment arrangement. Similarly, Northern Trust will place a redemption order generated under an automatic investment direction either on the Business Day Northern Trust calculates the redemption amount needed to bring the account balance up to the agreed upon amount or on the next Business Day, depending upon the terms of the automatic investment arrangement. If a redemption order is placed on the next Business Day, Northern Trust normally will provide funds by provisionally crediting your account on the day the calculation is made. You should contact Northern Trust for more information about its automatic investment arrangements.

CALCULATING SHARE PRICE. The Trust issues shares and redeems shares at NAV. The NAV for each Fund is calculated by dividing the value of the Fund’s net assets by the number of the Fund’s outstanding shares. The NAV is calculated on each Business Day as of 1:00 p.m. Central time for each Fund. Fund shares may be priced on days when the New York Stock Exchange (the “Exchange”) is closed if the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (“SIFMA”) recommends that the bond markets remain open for all or part of the day or on days when the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (the “New York Fed”) is open. The NAV used in determining the price of your shares is the one calculated after your purchase, exchange or redemption order is received in good order as described on page 34.

Each Fund seeks to maintain a stable NAV of $1.00 per share by valuing the obligations held by it at amortized cost in accordance with SEC regulations. Amortized cost will normally approximate fair value.

TIMING OF PURCHASE REQUESTS. Purchase requests received in good order and accepted by the Transfer Agent or other authorized intermediary on any Business Day by 1:00 p.m. Central time will be executed the day they are received by either the Transfer Agent or other authorized intermediary, at that day’s closing share price for the applicable Fund(s), provided that one of the following occurs:

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The Transfer Agent receives the payment in federal or other immediately available funds on the same Business Day by 1:00 p.m. Central time; or

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The requests are placed by a financial or authorized intermediary that has entered into a servicing agreement or other agreement with the Trust or its agent and payment in federal or other immediately available funds is received by the Transfer Agent by the close of the same Business Day in accordance with the terms of the Trust’s or its agent’s agreement with the intermediary.

Purchase requests received in good order by the Transfer Agent or other authorized intermediary on a non-Business Day or after the deadlines described above on a Business Day will be executed on the next Business Day, at that day’s closing share price for the applicable Fund(s), provided that payment is made as noted above.

IN-KIND PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS. The Trust reserves the right to accept payment for shares in the form of securities that are permissible investments for a Fund. The Trust also reserves the right to pay redemptions by a distribution “in-kind” of securities (instead of cash) from a Fund. See the SAI for further information about the terms of these purchases and redemptions.

MISCELLANEOUS PURCHASE INFORMATION.

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You will be responsible for all losses and expenses of a Fund, and purchase orders may be cancelled, in the event of any failure to make payment according to the procedures outlined in this Prospectus. In addition, a $20 charge will be imposed if a check does not clear.

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Exchanges into the Funds from another Fund in the Trust may be subject to any redemption fee imposed by the other Fund.

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You may initiate transactions between Northern Trust banking and Northern Funds accounts by using Northern Trust Private Passport. For additional details, please go to northerntrust.com/funds or contact your Relationship Manager.

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Shares of a Fund are entitled to the dividends declared by the Fund beginning on the Business Day the purchase order is executed, provided payment in federal or other immediately available funds is received by the Transfer Agent by the time designated in “Timing of Purchase Requests” above.

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The Trust and NFD each reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to suspend the offering of shares of a Fund or to reject any purchase order, in whole or in part, when, in the judgment of management, such suspension or rejection is in the best interests of the Fund. The Trust also reserves the right to change or discontinue any of its purchase procedures.


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In certain circumstances, the Trust may advance the time by which purchase orders must be received. See “Early Closings” on page 34.

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If the Transfer Agent cannot locate an investor for a period of time specified by appropriate state law, the investor’s account may be deemed legally abandoned and then escheated (transferred) to such state’s unclaimed property administrator in accordance with statutory requirements.

TIMING OF REDEMPTION AND EXCHANGE REQUESTS. Redemption and exchange requests received in good order by the Transfer Agent or other authorized intermediary on any Business Day by 1:00 p.m. Central time will be executed on the same day at that day’s closing share price for the applicable Fund(s).

Redemption and exchange requests received in good order by the Transfer Agent or other authorized intermediary on a non-Business Day or after 1:00 p.m. Central time on a Business Day will be executed the next Business Day at that day’s closing share price for the applicable Fund(s).

PAYMENT OF REDEMPTION PROCEEDS. If your account is held directly with a Fund, it is expected that the Fund will typically pay out redemption proceeds to shareholders by the next Business Day following receipt of a redemption request.

If your account is held through an intermediary, the length of time to pay redemption proceeds typically depends, in part, on the terms of the agreement in place between the intermediary and a Fund. For redemption proceeds that are paid either directly to you from a Fund or to your intermediary for transmittal to you, it is expected that payments will typically be made by wire, by ACH or by issuing a check by the next Business Day following receipt of a redemption request in good order from the intermediary by a Fund. Redemption requests that are processed through investment professionals that utilize the National Securities Clearing Corporation will generally settle one to three Business Days following receipt of a redemption request in good order.

However, if you have recently purchased shares with a check or through an electronic transaction, payment may be delayed as discussed below under “Miscellaneous Redemption Information.”

It is expected that payment of redemption proceeds will normally be made from uninvested cash or short-term investments, proceeds from the sale of portfolio securities, or borrowing through the Trust’s committed, unsecured credit facility (see “Credit Facility and Borrowing,” beginning on page 42). It is possible that stressed market conditions or large shareholder redemptions may result in the need for utilization of a Fund’s ability to redeem in-kind in order to meet shareholder redemption requests. A Fund reserves the right to pay all or part of your redemption proceeds in readily marketable securities instead of cash (redemption in-kind). Redemption in-kind proceeds will typically be made by delivering the selected securities to the redeeming shareholder within seven days after the receipt of the redemption request in good order by a Fund.

MISCELLANEOUS REDEMPTION INFORMATION. All redemption proceeds will be sent by check unless the Transfer Agent is directed otherwise. Redemption proceeds also may be wired. Redemptions are subject to the following restrictions:

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For the Money Market Fund and the Municipal Money Market Fund, the Board may impose a liquidity fee of up to 2% on redemptions from the Fund or temporarily restrict redemptions from the Fund for up to 10 business days in any given 90-day period. See “Liquidity Fees and Redemption Gates—Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund” beginning on page 29.

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The Trust reserves the right to defer crediting, sending or wiring redemption proceeds for up to 7 days (or such longer period permitted by the SEC) after receiving the redemption order if, in its judgment, an earlier payment could adversely affect a Fund. The processing of redemptions may be suspended, and the delivery of redemption proceeds may be delayed beyond seven days, depending on the circumstances, for any period: (i) during which the NYSE is closed (other than on holidays or weekends), or during which trading on the NYSE is restricted; (ii) when an emergency exists that makes the disposal of securities owned by a Fund or the determination of the fair value of the Fund’s net assets not reasonably practicable; or (iii) as permitted by order of the SEC for the protection of Fund shareholders.

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If you are redeeming recently purchased shares by check or electronic transaction, your redemption request may not be paid until your check or electronic transaction has cleared. This may delay your payment for up to 10 days.

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Redemption requests made to the Transfer Agent by mail must be signed by a person authorized by acceptable documentation on file with the Transfer Agent.

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Dividends on shares are earned through and including the day prior to the day on which they are redeemed.

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The Trust reserves the right, on 30 days’ written notice, to redeem the shares held in any account if, at the time of redemption, the NAV of the remaining shares in the account falls below $1,000. Involuntary redemptions will not be made if the value of shares in an account falls below the minimum solely because of a decline in a Fund’s NAV.


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Subject to applicable law, the Trust and the Transfer Agent reserve the right to redeem shares held by any shareholder who provides incorrect or incomplete account information or when such involuntary redemptions are necessary to avoid adverse consequences to the Trust and its shareholders or the Transfer Agent.

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Subject to applicable law, the Trust, Northern Trust and their agents reserve the right to involuntarily redeem or suspend an account at the Fund’s then current NAV, in cases of disruptive conduct, suspected fraudulent or illegal activity, inability to verify the identity or natural person status of an investor, or other circumstances determined by the Trust and Northern Trust to be in the best interest of the Trust and its shareholders.

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The Trust, Northern Trust and their agents reserve the right, without notice, to freeze any account and/or suspend account services when: (i) notice has been received of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, or a legal claim against an account; (ii) upon initial notification to Northern Trust of a shareholder’s or authorized agent’s death until Northern Trust receives required documentation in correct form; or (iii) if there is reason to believe a fraudulent transaction may occur or has occurred.

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The Trust may require any information from the shareholder reasonably necessary to ensure that a redemption request has been duly authorized.

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You may initiate transactions between Northern Trust banking and the Trust’s accounts by using Northern Trust Private Passport. For additional details, please go to northerntrust.com/funds or contact your Relationship Manager.

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The Trust reserves the right to change or discontinue any of its redemption procedures.

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The Trust does not permit redemption proceeds to be sent by outgoing International ACH Transaction (“IAT”). An IAT is a payment transaction involving a financial institution’s office located outside U.S. territorial jurisdiction.

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In certain circumstances, the Trust may advance the time by which redemption and exchange orders must be received. See “Early Closings” on page 34.

EXCHANGE PRIVILEGES. You may exchange shares of one fund in the Trust for shares of another fund in the Trust only if the registration of both accounts is identical. Both accounts must have the same owner’s name and title, if applicable. An exchange is a redemption of shares of one fund and the purchase of shares of another fund in the Trust. If the shares redeemed are held in a taxable account, an exchange is considered a taxable event and may result in a gain or loss. The Trust reserves the right to waive or modify minimum investment requirements in connection with exchanges. For the Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund, exchanges may be subject to liquidity fees and redemption gates. See “Liquidity Fees and Redemption Gates—Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund” beginning on page 29.

The Trust reserves the right to change or discontinue the exchange privilege at any time upon 60 days’ written notice to shareholders and to reject any exchange request. Exchanges are only available in states where an exchange can legally be made. Before making an exchange, you should read the Prospectus for the shares you are acquiring.

EXCESSIVE TRADING IN FUND SHARES. The Board of Trustees of the Trust has not adopted, on behalf of the Funds, policies and procedures with respect to frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund shares in light of the nature and high quality of the Funds’ investments. Each Fund reserves the right to refuse a purchase order if management of the Funds determines that the purchase may not be in the best interests of the Funds.

TELEPHONE TRANSACTIONS. All calls may be recorded or monitored. The Transfer Agent has adopted procedures in an effort to establish reasonable safeguards against fraudulent telephone transactions. If reasonable measures are taken to verify that telephone instructions are genuine, the Trust and its service providers will not be responsible for any loss resulting from fraudulent or unauthorized instructions received over the telephone. In these circumstances, shareholders will bear the risk of loss. During periods of unusual market activity, you may have trouble placing a request by telephone. In this event, consider sending your request in writing or follow the procedures found on pages 27 or 29 for initiating transactions by the Internet.

The proceeds of redemption orders received by telephone will be sent by check, wire or transfer according to proper instructions. All checks will be made payable to the shareholder of record and mailed only to the shareholder’s address of record.

The Trust reserves the right to refuse a telephone redemption subject to applicable law.

MAKING CHANGES TO YOUR ACCOUNT INFORMATION. You may make changes to wiring instructions only in writing. You may make changes to an address of record or certain other account information in writing or by telephone. Written instructions must be accompanied by acceptable evidence of authority (if applicable). A signature guarantee also may be required from an institution participating in the Stock Transfer Agency Medallion Program (“STAMP”). Additional requirements may be imposed. In accordance with SEC regulations, the Trust


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and Transfer Agent may charge a shareholder reasonable costs in locating a shareholder’s current address.

SIGNATURE GUARANTEES. If a signature guarantee is required, it must be from an institution participating in STAMP, or other acceptable evidence of authority (if applicable) must be provided. Additional requirements may be imposed by the Trust. In addition to the situations described in this Prospectus, the Trust may require signature guarantees in other circumstances based on the amount of a redemption request or other factors.

BUSINESS DAY. A “Business Day” is each Monday through Friday that the New York Fed is open for business, except as noted below. The New York Fed is closed on the following national holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The Funds may also close on days when the New York Fed is open but the Exchange is closed, such as Good Friday.

GOOD ORDER. A purchase, redemption or exchange request is considered to be “in good order” when all necessary information is provided and all required documents are properly completed, signed and delivered, including acceptable evidence of authority (if applicable). Requests must include the following:

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The account number (if issued) and Fund name;

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The amount of the transaction, in dollar amount or number of shares;

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For redemptions and exchanges (other than online, telephone or wire redemptions), the signature of all account owners exactly as they are registered on the account;

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Required signature guarantees, if applicable;

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Other supporting legal documents and certified resolutions that might be required in the case of estates, corporations, trusts and other entities or forms of ownership. Call 800-595-9111 for more information about documentation that may be required of these entities.

Additionally, a purchase order initiating the opening of an account will not be considered to be “in good order” unless the investor has provided all information required by the Trust’s “Customer Identification Program” described below.

CUSTOMER IDENTIFICATION PROGRAM. Federal law requires the Trust to obtain, verify and record identifying information, which may include the name, residential or business street address, date of birth (for an individual), social security or taxpayer identification number or other identifying information for each investor who opens or reopens an account with the Trust. Applications without this information, or without an indication that a social security or taxpayer identification number has been applied for, may not be accepted. After acceptance, to the extent permitted by applicable law or the Trust’s customer identification program, the Trust reserves the right to: (a) place limits on account transactions until an investor’s identity is verified; (b) refuse an investment in the Trust; or (c) involuntarily redeem an investor’s shares and close an account in the event that an investor’s identity is not verified. The Trust and its agents will not be responsible for any loss in an investor’s account resulting from an investor’s delay in providing all required identifying information or from closing an account and redeeming an investor’s shares when an investor’s identity is not verified.

EARLY CLOSINGS. The Funds reserve the right to advance the time for accepting purchase, redemption or exchange orders for same Business Day credit when the Exchange and/or the bond market close early, trading on the Exchange is restricted, an emergency arises or as otherwise permitted by the SEC. In addition, on any Business Day when SIFMA recommends that the bond markets close early, each Fund reserves the right to close at or prior to the SIFMA recommended closing time. If a Fund does so, it will cease granting same Business Day credit for purchase and redemption orders received at the Fund’s closing time and credit will be given on the next Business Day. In addition, the Board of Trustees of the Trust also may, for any Business Day, decide to change the time as of which a Fund’s NAV is calculated in response to new developments such as altered trading hours, or as otherwise permitted by the SEC.

EMERGENCY OR UNUSUAL EVENTS. In the event the Exchange does not open for business because of an emergency or unusual event, the Trust may, but is not required to, open one or more Funds for purchase, redemption and exchange transactions if the Federal Reserve wire payment system is open. To learn whether a Fund is open for business during an emergency situation or unusual event, please call 800-595-9111 or visit northerntrust.com/funds.

FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES. The Trust may authorize certain institutions acting as financial intermediaries (including banks, trust companies, brokers and investment advisers) to accept purchase, redemption and exchange orders from their customers on behalf of the Funds. These authorized intermediaries also may designate other intermediaries to accept such orders, if approved by the Trust. A Fund will be deemed to have received an order when the order is accepted by the authorized intermediary, and the order will be priced at the Fund’s per share NAV next determined, provided that the authorized intermediary forwards the order (and payment for any purchase order) to the Transfer Agent on behalf of the


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Trust within agreed-upon time periods. If the order (or payment for any purchase order) is not received by the Transfer Agent within such time periods, the authorized intermediary may be liable for fees and losses and the transaction may be cancelled.

The Trust may enter into agreements with certain financial intermediaries, including affiliates of Northern Trust, that perform support services for their customers who own Fund shares (“Service Organizations”). These support services may include:

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assisting investors in processing purchase, exchange and redemption requests;

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processing dividend and distribution payments from the Funds;

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providing information to customers showing their positions in the Funds; and

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providing subaccounting with respect to Fund shares beneficially owned by customers or the information necessary for subaccounting.

For their services, Service Organizations may receive fees from a Fund at annual rates of up to 0.15% of the average daily NAV of the shares covered by their agreements. Because these fees are paid out of the Funds’ assets on an on-going basis, they will increase the cost of your investment in the Funds.

The Funds’ arrangements with Service Organizations under the agreements are governed by a Service Plan, which has been adopted by the Board of Trustees.

Northern Trust also may provide compensation to certain dealers and Service Organizations, for marketing and distribution in connection with the Trust. Northern Trust may also sponsor informational meetings, seminars and other similar programs designed to market the Trust. The amount of such compensation and payments may be made on a one-time and/or periodic basis, and may represent all or a portion of the annual fees earned by the Investment Adviser (after adjustments). The additional compensation and payments will be paid by Northern Trust or its affiliates and will not represent an additional expense to the Trust or its shareholders. Such payments may provide incentives for financial intermediaries to make shares of the Funds available to their customers, and may allow the Funds greater access to such parties and their customers than would be the case if no payments were paid.

Investors purchasing shares of a Fund through a financial intermediary should read their account agreements with the financial intermediary carefully. A financial intermediary’s requirements may differ from those listed in this Prospectus. A financial intermediary also may impose account charges, such as asset allocation fees, account maintenance fees and other charges that will reduce the net return on an investment in a Fund. If an investor has agreed with a particular financial intermediary to maintain a minimum balance and the balance falls below this minimum, the investor may be required to redeem all or a portion of the investor’s investment in a Fund.

Conflict of interest restrictions may apply to the receipt of compensation by a Service Organization or other financial intermediary in connection with the investment of fiduciary funds in Fund shares. Institutions, including banks regulated by the Comptroller of the Currency, Federal Reserve Board and state banking commissions, and investment advisers and other money managers subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, the Department of Labor or state securities commissions, are urged to consult their legal counsel.

State securities laws regarding the registration of dealers may differ from federal law. As a result, Service Organizations and other financial intermediaries investing in the Funds on behalf of their Customers may be required to register as dealers.

PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS. The Funds, or their duly authorized service providers, may publicly disclose holdings of all Funds in accordance with regulatory requirements, such as periodic portfolio disclosure in filings with the SEC.

The Trust publishes on its website, northerntrust.com/funds, no later than the fifth business day of each month and for a period of not less than six months, a complete schedule of a Funds’ holdings and certain other information regarding portfolio holdings of each Fund as of the last business day of the prior month. Certain portfolio information concerning the Funds will be provided in monthly holdings reports to the SEC on Form N-MFP2. Form N-MFP2 will be made available to the public on the SEC’s EDGAR database immediately upon filing after the end of the month to which the information pertains, and a link to each of the most recent 12 months of filings on Form N-MFP2 will be provided on the Trust’s website.

A further description of the Trust’s Policy on Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings is available in the SAI.

SHAREHOLDER COMMUNICATIONS. Shareholders of record will be provided each year with a semiannual report showing portfolio investments and other information as of September 30 and with an annual report containing audited financial statements as of March 31. If we have received appropriate written consent, we send a single copy of all materials, including prospectuses, financial reports, proxy statements or information statements to all shareholders who share the same mailing address, even if more than one person in a household holds shares of a Fund.


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If you do not want your mailings combined with those of other members of your household, you may opt-out at any time by contacting the Northern Funds Center by telephone at 800-595-9111 or by mail at Northern Funds, P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986. You also may send an e-mail to northern-funds@ntrs.com. The Funds will begin sending individual copies to you within 30 days after receipt of your opt-out notice.

The Trust may reproduce this Prospectus in electronic format that may be available on the Internet. If you have received this Prospectus in electronic format you, or your representative, may contact the Transfer Agent for a free paper copy of this Prospectus by writing to the Northern Funds Center at P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986, calling 800-595-9111 or by sending an e-mail to: northern-funds@ntrs.com.


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DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

DIVIDENDS AND CAPITAL GAIN DISTRIBUTIONS OF EACH FUND ARE AUTOMATICALLY REINVESTED IN ADDITIONAL SHARES OF THE SAME FUND WITHOUT ANY SALES CHARGE.

You may, however, elect to have dividends or capital gain distributions (or both) paid in cash or reinvested in shares of another Fund in the Trust at its NAV per share. If you would like to receive dividends or distributions in cash or have them reinvested in another fund in the Trust, you must notify the Transfer Agent in writing. This election will become effective for distributions paid two days after its receipt by the Transfer Agent. Dividends and distributions only may be reinvested in a fund in the Trust in which you maintain an account.

Dividend and capital gain distributions that are returned to a Fund as undeliverable will be reinvested into your account upon return receipt at the Fund’s then current NAV. Also, future distributions will be reinvested until the Fund receives valid delivery instructions.

Each Fund’s net investment income is declared as a dividend on each Business Day and paid monthly. Dividends will also be paid promptly upon a total redemption of shares in an account not subject to a standing order for the purchase of additional shares. Net investment income includes interest accrued on the Fund’s assets less the Fund’s estimated expenses. Net realized short-term capital gains may be distributed from time to time during the Trust’s fiscal year (but not less frequently than annually). The Funds do not expect to realize net long-term capital gains. Shares begin earning dividends on the day an order is executed if payment in immediately available funds is received by the Transfer Agent by the time designated on page 31 under “Timing of Purchase Requests.” Otherwise, shares begin earning dividends on the day payment in federal or other immediately available funds is received. Shares earn dividends through and including the day prior to the day they are redeemed.


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TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The following is a summary of certain tax considerations that may be relevant to an investor in a Fund. The discussions of the federal income tax consequences in this Prospectus and the SAI are based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and the regulations issued under it, and court decisions and administrative interpretations, as in effect on the date of this Prospectus. Future legislative or administrative changes or court decisions may significantly alter the statements included herein, and any such changes or decisions may be retroactive. Except where otherwise indicated, the discussion relates to shareholders who are individual U.S. citizens or residents and is based on current tax law. You should consult your tax professional for further information regarding federal, state, local and/or foreign tax consequences relevant to your specific situation.

When you sell your shares, you will generally recognize a capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between your adjusted tax basis in the shares and the amount received. Capital losses in any year are deductible only to the extent of capital gains, plus, in the case of a non-corporate taxpayer, generally $3,000 of income. Certain other special tax rules may apply to your capital gains or losses on Fund shares. Any liquidity fees you incur on shares redeemed will generally decrease the amount of any capital gain (or increase the amount of any capital loss) you recognize with respect to such redemption.

DISTRIBUTIONS. Each Fund intends to qualify as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes and to distribute to shareholders substantially all of its net investment income each year. Except as otherwise noted below, you will generally be subject to federal income tax at ordinary rates on the Funds’ distributions to you regardless of whether they are paid in cash or reinvested in Fund shares. U.S. individuals with “modified adjusted gross income” exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly) and trusts and estates with income above certain thresholds are subject to the Medicare contribution tax on their “net investment income,” which includes non-exempt interest, dividends and capital gains at a rate of 3.8%. You will be notified annually of the tax status of distributions to you.

The Funds will generally be invested in debt instruments and not in shares of stock on which dividend income will be received. As a result, the Funds do not expect to pay dividends that are eligible for the reduced tax rate on corporate dividends or that will qualify for the dividends-received deduction for corporations.

Dividends and distributions from each Fund will generally be taxable to you in the tax year in which they are paid, with one exception. Dividends and distributions declared by a Fund in October, November or December and paid in January are taxed as though they were paid by December 31.

Except as stated below, you may be subject to state and local taxes on Fund distributions and redemptions. State income taxes may not apply, however, to the portions of each Fund’s distributions, if any, that are attributable to interest on certain types of federal securities or interest on securities issued by the particular state or municipalities within the state.

There are certain tax requirements that each Fund must follow in order to qualify as a regulated investment company and to avoid federal income taxation. In their efforts to adhere to these requirements, the Funds may have to limit their investment activity in some types of instruments.

IRAS AND OTHER TAX-QUALIFIED PLANS. One major exception to the preceding tax principles is that distributions on shares held in an IRA (or other tax-qualified plan) will not be currently taxable unless shares are acquired with borrowed funds.

REDEMPTIONS. Redemptions are treated as sales for tax purposes and generally are taxable events for shareholders that are subject to tax. In general, if Fund shares are sold, a shareholder will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale and the shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares. As long as the Funds maintain a constant net asset value of $1.00 per share, generally no gain or loss should be recognized upon the sale of shares of the Funds.

BACKUP WITHHOLDING. The Trust will be required in certain cases to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury 24% of the dividends and gross sales proceeds paid to any shareholder (i) who had provided either an incorrect tax identification number or no number at all, (ii) who is subject to backup withholding by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) for failure to report the receipt of taxable interest or dividend income properly, or (iii) who has failed to certify to the Trust, when required to do so, that he or she is not subject to backup withholding or that he or she is an “exempt recipient.”

MUNICIPAL MONEY MARKET FUND. The Municipal Money Market Fund expects to pay “exempt-interest dividends” that are generally exempt from regular federal income tax. However, a portion of the exempt-interest dividends paid by the Municipal Money Market Fund generally will be an item of tax preference for purposes of determining federal AMT liability. Exempt-interest dividends will also be considered along with other adjusted gross income in determining whether any Social Security or railroad retirement payments received by you are subject to federal income taxes.

In all cases, distributions, if any, derived from net long-term capital gains will generally be taxable to you as long-term


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capital gains, and any dividends derived from short-term capital gains and taxable interest income will be taxable to you as ordinary income.

Interest on indebtedness incurred by a shareholder to purchase or carry shares of the Municipal Money Market Fund generally will not be deductible for federal income tax purposes.

U.S. TAX TREATMENT OF FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS. Fund distributions attributable to Fund income such as interest will generally be subject to a 30% withholding tax when paid to foreign shareholders. The withholding tax may, however, be reduced (and in some cases eliminated) under an applicable tax treaty between the United States and a shareholder’s country of residence or incorporation, provided that the shareholder furnishes the Funds with a properly completed Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable, to establish entitlement for these treaty benefits. Dividends reported as short-term capital gain dividends or interest-related dividends are not subject to U.S. withholding tax. The exemption may not apply, however, if the recipient’s investment in a Fund is connected to a trade or business of the recipient in the United States or if the recipient is present in the United States for 183 days or more in a year and certain other conditions are met. However, dividends reported as exempt-interest dividends are generally not subject to U.S. withholding tax. In addition, the Funds are required to withhold 30% tax on certain payments to certain foreign entities that do not meet specified information reporting requirements under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act.

All foreign investors should consult their own tax professionals regarding the tax consequences in their country of residence of an investment in a Fund.

STATE AND LOCAL TAXES. You may also be subject to state and local taxes on income and gain attributable to your ownership of Fund shares. State income taxes may not apply, however, to the portions of a Fund’s distributions, if any, that are attributable to interest earned by the Fund on U.S. government securities. You should consult your tax professional regarding the tax status of distributions in your state and locality.

CONSULT YOUR TAX PROFESSIONAL. Your investment in the Funds could have additional tax consequences. You should consult your tax professional for information regarding all tax consequences applicable to your investments in the Funds. More tax information relating to the Funds is provided in the SAI. This short summary is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning.


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SECURITIES, TECHNIQUES AND RISKS

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS, DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES AND COMMON INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES

The following provides additional information regarding each Fund’s investment objective, principal investment strategies and related risks discussed in the Fund Summaries—Principal Investment Strategies section for each Fund, as well as information about additional investment strategies and techniques that a Fund may employ in pursuing its investment objective. Principal investment strategies and risks for each Fund are noted in parenthesis. The Funds also may make other types of investments to the extent permitted by applicable law. Additional information about the Funds, their investment strategies and risks can also be found in the Funds’ SAI.

All investments carry some degree of risk that will affect the value of a Fund, its yield and investment performance and the price of its shares. An investment in each of the Funds is not a deposit of any bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC, any other government agency or Northern Trust, its affiliates, subsidiaries or any other bank. Although each of the Funds seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, it is possible to lose money by investing in the Funds.

The Funds seek to maintain a stable NAV of $1.00 per share. Consistent with this policy, each of the Funds:

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Limits its dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity to 60 days or less;

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Limits its dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity without regard to maturity shortening provisions applicable to variable and floating rate securities (also known as dollar-weighted average portfolio life) to 120 days or less;

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Buys securities with remaining maturities of 397 days or less or securities otherwise permitted to be purchased because of maturity shortening provisions under Rule 2a-7; and

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Invests only in U.S. dollar-denominated securities that represent minimal credit risks.

SEC regulations require each Fund to limit its dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity to 60 days or less, and its dollar-weighted average portfolio life to 120 days or less. Each Fund also is required to comply with SEC requirements with respect to the liquidity of the Fund’s investments. Specifically, the Money Market, U.S. Government Money Market and U.S. Government Select Money Market Funds are required to hold at least 10% of their total assets in “daily liquid assets,” and each Fund, including the Municipal Money Market Fund, is required to hold at least 30% of its total assets in “weekly liquid assets.” For these purposes, daily and weekly liquid assets are calculated as of the end of each business day. Daily liquid assets include: cash; direct obligations of the U.S. government; securities that will mature or are subject to a demand feature that is exercisable and payable within one business day; and amounts receivable and due unconditionally within one business day on pending sales of fund securities. Weekly liquid assets include: cash; direct obligations of the U.S. government; certain U.S. government agency discount notes without provision for the payment of interest with remaining maturities of 60 days or less; securities that will mature or are subject to a demand feature that is exercisable and payable within five business days; and amounts receivable and due unconditionally within five business days on pending sales of fund securities.

In addition, each Fund limits its investments to “Eligible Securities” as defined by the SEC. Securities in which such Funds may invest may not earn as high a level of income as long-term or lower quality securities, which generally have greater market risk and more fluctuation in market value.

Rule 2a-7 requires money market funds to purchase securities that have a remaining maturity of no more than 397 calendar days (unless otherwise permitted under Rule 2a-7), and (i) which have been determined by a money market fund’s board of trustees (or the fund’s investment adviser, if the board of trustees delegates such power to the adviser) to present minimal credit risks to the fund; (ii) are issued by other investment companies that are money market funds; or (iii) are U.S. government securities.

NTI considers several factors including the capacity of each security’s issuer or guarantor to meet its financial obligations.

In accordance with current SEC regulations, each Fund generally will not invest more than (1) 5% of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase in the securities of any single issuer (and certain affiliates of that issuer); and (2) 10% of the value of its total assets at the time of purchase in the securities subject to demand features or guarantees of any single institution. The Funds may, however, invest up to 25% of their total assets in the securities of a single issuer for up to three Business Days. These limitations do not apply to cash, certain repurchase agreements, U.S. government securities or securities of other investment companies that are money market funds. In addition, securities subject to demand features and guarantees are subject to different diversification requirements as described in the SAI.

STABLE NAV RISK (principal risk for all Funds) is the risk that a Fund will not be able to maintain a NAV per share of $1.00 at all times. If a Fund fails to maintain a stable NAV (or if there is a perceived threat of such a failure), the Funds could be subject to increased redemption activity, which could adversely affect their NAV. A significant enough market disruption or drop in


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market prices of securities held by a Fund, especially at a time when the Fund needs to sell securities to meet shareholder redemption requests, could cause the value of the Fund’s shares to decrease to a price less than $1.00 per share.

LIQUIDITY FEE AND REDEMPTION GATE RISK (principal risk for the Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund) is the risk that each of the Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund may impose a “liquidity fee” (up to 2%) or “redemption gate” that temporarily restricts your ability to sell shares for up to 10 business days if such Fund’s liquidity falls below required minimums because of market conditions or other factors. An investment in the Money Market Fund and/or Municipal Money Market Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or The Northern Trust Company, its affiliates, subsidiaries or any other bank. The Money Market and Municipal Money Market Funds’ sponsor has no legal obligation to provide financial support to the Fund, and you should not expect that the sponsor will provide financial support to a Fund at any time.

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES. A Fund’s investment objective may be changed by the Trust’s Board of Trustees without shareholder approval. Shareholders will, however, be notified of any changes. Any such change may result in a Fund having an investment objective different from the objective that the shareholder considered appropriate at the time of investment in the Fund.

During extraordinary market conditions and interest rate environments, all or any portion of the assets of the Money Market Fund, Municipal Money Market Fund and the U.S. Government Money Market Fund may be uninvested, or with respect to the Municipal Money Market Fund, invested in taxable instruments. Uninvested assets do not generate income. The Funds may not achieve their investment objectives during this time.

Under unusual circumstances, such as when appropriate securities that are exempt from state taxes are unavailable, the U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund also may invest in U.S. government securities that are not exempt from state taxation and qualified repurchase agreements, and hold uninvested cash. Cash assets will not generate income. The U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund may not achieve its investment objective during this time.

ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES (principal strategy for the Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund). Asset-backed securities are sponsored by entities such as government agencies, banks, financial companies and commercial or industrial companies. Asset-backed securities represent participations in, or are secured by and payable from, pools of assets such as mortgages, motor vehicle installment sale contracts, installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property, receivables from revolving credit (credit card) agreements, municipal securities and other financial assets.

Such asset pools are securitized through the use of privately formed trusts or special purpose corporations. Payments or distributions of principal and interest may be guaranteed up to certain amounts and for a certain time period by a letter of credit or a pooled insurance policy issued by a financial institution, or by other credit enhancements.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Funds may purchase asset-backed securities (such as mortgage-backed securities) that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or by its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises and for the Money Market Fund and the Municipal Money Market Fund, other types of asset-backed securities that are “Eligible Securities” as defined by the SEC.

SPECIAL RISKS. In addition to credit and market risk, asset-backed securities may involve prepayment risk because the underlying assets (loans) may be prepaid at any time. Prepayment (or call) risk is the risk that an issuer will exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation held by a Fund (such as an asset-backed security) sooner than expected. This may happen during a period of falling interest rates. Accordingly, a Fund’s ability to maintain positions in such securities will be affected by reductions in the principal amount of such securities resulting from prepayments, and its ability to reinvest the returns of principal at comparable yields is subject to generally prevailing interest rates at that time.

The value of these securities also may change because of actual or perceived changes in the creditworthiness of the originator, the service agent, the financial institution providing the credit support, or the counterparty. Unlike mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government or government-sponsored enterprises, mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers do not have a government or government-sponsored enterprise guarantee (but may have other credit enhancement), and may, and frequently do, have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics. Credit supports generally apply only to a fraction of a security’s value. Like other fixed-income securities, when interest rates rise, the value of an asset-backed security generally will decline. However, when interest rates decline, the value of an asset-backed security with prepayment features may not increase as much as that of other fixed-income securities. In addition, non-mortgage asset-backed securities involve certain risks not presented by mortgage-backed securities. Primarily, these securities do not have the benefit of the same security interest in the underlying collateral. Credit


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card receivables generally are unsecured, and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws.

Automobile receivables are subject to the risk that the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may not have an effective security interest in all of the obligations backing the receivables. If the issuer of the security has no security interest in the related collateral, there is the risk that a Fund could lose money if the issuer defaults. The economic recession that commenced in the United States in 2008 introduced a period of heightened levels of default on the receivables and loans underlying asset-backed securities than were historically experienced. A future economic downturn could increase the risk that such assets underlying asset-backed securities purchased by the Funds will also suffer greater levels of default than were historically experienced.

In addition to prepayment risk, investments in mortgage-backed securities comprised of subprime mortgages and investments in other asset-backed securities of underperforming assets may be subject to a higher degree of credit risk, valuation risk and liquidity risk.

BORROWINGS AND REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. The Funds may borrow money from banks and may enter into reverse repurchase agreements with banks and other financial institutions.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Each Fund may borrow money from banks and enter into reverse repurchase agreements with banks and other financial institutions in amounts not exceeding one-fourth of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed). The Funds may enter into reverse repurchase agreements when the Investment Adviser expects that the interest income to be earned from the investment of the transaction proceeds will be greater than the related interest expense.

SPECIAL RISKS. Borrowings and reverse repurchase agreements involve leveraging. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of money market securities held by a Fund subject to the Fund’s agreement to repurchase them at a mutually agreed upon date and price (including interest). If the securities held by the Funds decline in value while these transactions are outstanding, the NAV of the Funds’ outstanding shares will decline in value by proportionately more than the decline in value of the securities. In addition, reverse repurchase agreements involve the risks that (a) the interest income earned by a Fund (from the investment of the proceeds) will be less than the interest expense of the transaction; (b) the market value of the securities sold by a Fund will decline below the price the Fund is obligated to pay to repurchase the securities; and (c) the securities may not be returned to the Fund.

COMMERCIAL PAPER RISK (principal risk for the Money Market Fund). Commercial paper is a short-term obligation with a maturity generally ranging from one to 270 days and is issued by U.S. or foreign companies or other entities in order to finance their current operations. Such investments are generally unsecured and usually discounted from their value at maturity. The value of commercial paper may be affected by changes in the credit rating or financial condition of the issuing entities and will tend to fall when interest rates rise and rise when interest rates fall. Asset-backed commercial paper may be issued by structured investment vehicles or other conduits that are organized to issue the commercial paper and to purchase trade receivables or other financial assets. The repayment of asset-backed commercial paper depends primarily on the cash collections received from such an issuer’s underlying asset portfolio and the issuer’s ability to issue new asset-backed commercial paper (See also “Asset-Backed Securities” above).

Investments in commercial paper are subject to the risk that the issuer cannot issue enough new commercial paper to satisfy its obligations with respect to its outstanding commercial paper, also known as rollover risk. Commercial paper is also susceptible to changes in the issuer’s financial condition or credit quality. In addition, under certain circumstances commercial paper may become illiquid or may suffer from reduced liquidity. Commercial paper is generally unsecured, which increases the credit risk associated with this type of investment.

CREDIT FACILITY AND BORROWING. The Funds, the other funds of the Trust, and affiliated funds of Northern Institutional Funds (each a “Portfolio”, and together the “Portfolios”) have jointly entered into a revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) whereby the Funds, the other funds in the Trust, and the Portfolios may borrow for the temporary funding of shareholder redemptions or for other temporary or emergency purposes. Pursuant to the Credit Facility, the participating Portfolios and funds may borrow up to an aggregate commitment amount of $250 million (the “Commitment Limit”) at any time, subject to asset coverage and other limitations as specified in the Credit Facility and under the 1940 Act. The Funds may borrow up to the maximum amount allowable under their current prospectuses and SAIs, subject to various other legal, regulatory or contractual limits, including the asset coverage limits in the Credit Facility. Borrowing results in interest expense and other fees and expenses for the Funds that may impact a Fund’s expenses, including any net expense ratios. The costs of borrowing may reduce a Fund’s yield. If a Fund borrows pursuant to the Credit Facility, it is charged interest at a variable rate. Each Fund also pays a commitment fee equal to its pro rata share of the unused portion of the Credit Facility. The availability of funds under the Credit Facility can be


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affected by other participating Portfolios’ or funds’ borrowings under the Credit Facility. As such, a Fund may be unable to borrow (or borrow further) under the Credit Facility if the Commitment Limit has been reached.

CREDIT (OR DEFAULT) RISK (principal risk for all Funds) is the risk that an issuer of fixed-income securities held by a Fund may default on its obligation to pay interest and repay principal. Generally, the lower the credit rating of a security, the greater the risk that the issuer of the security will default on its obligation. High quality securities are generally believed to have relatively low degrees of credit risk. The Funds intend to enter into financial transactions with counterparties that are creditworthy at the time of the transactions. There is always the risk that the Investment Adviser’s analysis of creditworthiness is incorrect or may change due to market conditions. Concerns over an issuer’s ability to make principal or interest payments may cause the value of a fixed income security to decline. To the extent that a Fund focuses its transactions with a limited number of counterparties, it will be more susceptible to the risks associated with one or more counterparties.

CUSTODIAL RECEIPTS FOR TREASURY SECURITIES. Custodial receipts are participations in trusts that hold U.S. Treasury securities and are sold under such names as TIGRs (Treasury Income Growth Receipts) and CATS (Certificates of Accrual on Treasury Securities). Like other stripped obligations, they entitle the holder to future interest payments or principal payments on the U.S. Treasury securities.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with their investment objectives and strategies, the Funds may invest a portion of their assets in custodial receipts.

SPECIAL RISKS. Like other stripped securities (which are described below), stripped custodial receipts may be subject to greater price volatility than ordinary debt obligations because of the way in which their principal and interest are returned to investors. Custodial receipts may not be considered obligations of the U.S. government or other issuer of the security held by the custodian for the purposes of securities laws. If for tax purposes a Fund is not considered to be the owner of the securities held in the underlying trust or custodial account, the Fund may suffer adverse tax consequences. As a holder of custodial receipts, a Fund will bear its proportionate share of the fees or expenses charged to the custodial account.

CYBERSECURITY RISK (principal risk for all Funds). With the increased use of the Internet and because information technology (“IT”) systems and digital data underlie most of the Funds’ operations, the Funds and their investment adviser, custodian, transfer agent, distributor and other service providers and the financial intermediaries of each (collectively “Service Providers”) are exposed to the risk that their operations and data may be compromised as a result of internal and external cyber-failures, breaches or attacks (“Cyber Risk”). This could occur as a result of malicious or criminal cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include actions taken to: (i) steal or corrupt data maintained online or digitally, (ii) gain unauthorized access to or release confidential information, (iii) shut down a Fund or Service Provider website through denial-of-service attacks, or (iv) otherwise disrupt normal business operations. However, events arising from human error, faulty or inadequately implemented policies and procedures or other systems failures unrelated to any external cyber-threat may have effects similar to those caused by deliberate cyber-attacks.

Successful cyber-attacks or other cyber-failures or events affecting the Funds or their Service Providers may adversely impact a Fund or its shareholders. For instance, such attacks, failures or other events may interfere with the processing of shareholder transactions, impact a Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, cause the release of private shareholder information or confidential Fund information, impede trading, or cause reputational damage. Such attacks, failures or other events could also subject the Funds or their Service Providers to regulatory fines, penalties or financial losses, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. Insurance protection and contractual indemnification provisions may be insufficient to cover these losses. The Funds or their Service Providers may also incur significant costs to manage and control Cyber Risk. While the Funds and their Service Providers have established IT and data security programs and have in place business continuity plans and other systems designed to prevent losses and mitigate Cyber Risk, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems, including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified or that cyber-attacks may be highly sophisticated.

Cyber Risks are also present for issuers of securities or other instruments in which the Funds invest, which could result in material adverse consequences for such issuers, and may cause the Funds’ investment in such issuers to lose value.

DERIVATIVES. Each Fund may purchase certain “derivative” instruments. A derivative is a financial instrument whose value is derived from, or based upon, the performance of underlying assets, interest rates, or other indices. Derivatives include structured securities such as collateralized mortgage obligations and other types of asset-backed securities, “stripped” securities and various floating rate instruments.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. A Fund may invest in derivatives when the Investment Adviser believes the potential risks and rewards are consistent with the Fund’s objective, strategies and overall risk profile.


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SPECIAL RISKS. Engaging in derivative transactions involves special risks, including (a) market risk that the Fund’s derivatives position will lose value; (b) credit risk that the counterparty to the transaction will default; (c) leveraging risk that the value of the derivative instrument will decline more than the value of the assets on which it is based; (d) risks pertaining to illiquid investments that a Fund will be unable to sell its position because of lack of market depth or disruption; (e) pricing risk that the value of a derivative instrument will be difficult to determine; and (f) operations risk that loss will occur as a result of inadequate systems or human error. Many types of derivatives have been developed recently and have not been tested over complete market cycles. For these reasons, a Fund may suffer a loss whether or not the analysis of the Investment Adviser is accurate.

FINANCIAL SERVICES INDUSTRY RISK (principal risk for Money Market Fund). The financial services industry includes the group of industries within the financial services sector. Asset-backed securities with underlying assets related to the financial services industry are grouped by the Investment Adviser within the financial services industry. Companies in the financial services group of industries include but are not limited to U.S. and non-U.S. companies involved in banking, mortgage, consumer or specialized finance, investment banking, securities brokerage, asset management and custody, insurance, financial investment, real estate and mortgage finance and financial conglomerates, and related asset-backed securities.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Money Market Fund will concentrate its investments in the financial services industry. Therefore, under normal market conditions, the Money Market Fund will invest at least 25% of its total assets in securities issued by companies in the financial services industry. The Money Market Fund may, however, for temporary defensive purposes, invest less than 25% of its total assets in the financial services industry if warranted due to adverse economic conditions or if investing less than 25% of its total assets in the financial services industry appears to be in the best interest of shareholders.

SPECIAL RISKS. Because the Money Market Fund will under normal market conditions invest at least 25% of its total assets in the financial services industry, the Fund will be subject to greater risk of loss by economic, business, political or other developments which generally affect this industry. Changes in government regulation, interest rates and economic downturns can have a significant negative effect on issuers in the financial services sector, including the price of their securities or their ability to meet their payment obligations. The profitability of financial services companies is dependent on the availability and cost of capital and can be significantly affected by changes in interest rates and monetary policy. Financial services companies are also exposed to losses if borrowers and other counterparties experience financial problems and/or cannot repay their obligations. Financial services companies also are subject to extensive government regulation, including policy and legislative changes in the United States and other countries that are changing many aspects of financial regulation. In June 2016, the United Kingdom held a referendum election and voters elected to withdraw from the European Union. Financial services companies that operate in the United Kingdom or European Union could be disproportionately impacted by volatile trading markets and significant and unpredictable currency fluctuations caused by these actions. (See also, “Market Events Risk” below).

When interest rates go up, the value of securities issued by many types of financial services companies generally goes down. In many countries, financial services and the companies that provide them are regulated by governmental entities, which can increase costs for new services or products and make it difficult to pass increased costs on to consumers. In certain areas, deregulation of financial services companies has resulted in increased competition and reduced profitability for certain companies.

The profitability of many types of financial services companies may be adversely affected in certain market cycles, including periods of rising interest rates, which may restrict the availability and increase the cost of capital, and declining economic conditions, which may cause credit losses due to financial difficulties of borrowers. Because many types of financial services companies are vulnerable to these economic cycles, a large portion of the Fund’s investments may lose value during such periods.

FOREIGN INVESTMENTS (principal strategy for the Money Market Fund). The Money Market Fund may invest in U.S. dollar-denominated obligations issued or guaranteed by one or more foreign governments or any of their political subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities, foreign commercial banks and foreign branches of U.S. banks. The Money Market Fund also may invest in U.S. dollar-denominated commercial paper and other obligations of foreign issuers. Foreign government obligations may include debt obligations of supranational entities, including international organizations (such as The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (also known as the World Bank)) and international banking institutions and related government agencies.

SPECIAL RISKS. Foreign securities involve special risks and costs, which are considered by the Investment Adviser in evaluating the creditworthiness of issuers and making investment decisions for the Money Market Fund. Foreign securities fluctuate in price because of political, financial, social and economic events in foreign countries (including, for example,


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military confrontations, war and terrorism). A foreign security could also lose value because of more or less stringent foreign securities regulations and less stringent accounting and disclosure standards. In addition, foreign markets may have greater volatility than domestic markets and foreign securities may be less liquid and harder to value than domestic securities.

Certain foreign markets may rely heavily on particular industries or foreign capital and are more vulnerable to diplomatic developments, the imposition of economic sanctions against a particular country or countries, organizations, entities and/or individuals, changes in international trading patterns, trade barriers, and other protectionist or retaliatory measures. International trade barriers or economic sanctions against foreign countries, organizations, entities and/or individuals may adversely affect a Fund’s foreign holdings or exposures.

Foreign securities, and in particular foreign debt securities, are sensitive to changes in interest rates. In addition, investment in the securities of foreign governments involves the risk that foreign governments may default on their obligations or may otherwise not respect the integrity of their debt.

Investment in foreign securities may involve higher costs than investment in U.S. securities, including higher transaction and custody costs as well as the imposition of additional taxes by foreign governments. Foreign investments also may involve risks associated with the level of currency exchange rates, less complete financial information about the issuers, less market liquidity, more market volatility and political instability. Moreover, clearance and settlement procedures may differ from those in the U.S. and in certain markets such procedures have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, thus making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Future political and economic developments, the possible imposition of withholding taxes on dividend income, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign holdings, the possible establishment of exchange controls or freezes on the convertibility of currency, trade restrictions (including tariffs) or the adoption of other governmental restrictions might adversely affect an investment in foreign securities. Additionally, foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks may be subject to less stringent reserve requirements and to different accounting, auditing and recordkeeping requirements.

GEOGRAPHIC AND SECTOR RISK (principal risk for the Municipal Money Market Fund). If a Fund invests a significant portion of its total assets in securities of issuers within the same state, geographic region or economic sector, an adverse economic, business or political development affecting that state, region or sector may affect the value of a Fund’s investments more than if its investments were not so concentrated.

GUARANTOR (OR CREDIT ENHANCEMENT) RISK (principal risk for Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund) is the risk that changes in credit quality of a U.S. or foreign bank, insurance company or other financial institution or such entity’s failure to fulfill its obligations could cause a Fund’s investments in securities backed by guarantees, letters of credit, insurance or other credit enhancements issued by such bank or institution to decline in value. Guarantees, letters of credit, insurance or other credit enhancements do not protect a Fund or its shareholders from losses caused by declines in a security’s market value. In addition, having multiple securities’ credit enhanced by the same enhancement provider will increase the adverse effects on a Fund that are likely to result from a downgrading of, or a default by, such enhancement provider. Adverse developments in the banking or bond insurance industries also may negatively affect a Fund.

ILLIQUID OR RESTRICTED INVESTMENTS. An illiquid investment is an investment that a Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions within 7 calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. Illiquid securities include repurchase agreements and time deposits with notice/termination dates of more than seven days, certain variable amount master demand notes that cannot be called within seven days, certain insurance funding agreements (see “Insurance Funding Agreements” on page 46), derivative instruments, and securities and other financial instruments that are not readily marketable, and 144A Securities (as defined below), and both foreign and domestic securities that are not readily marketable, unless, based upon a review of the relevant market, trading and investment-specific considerations, those investments are determined not to be illiquid, .

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Pursuant to Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act, a Fund may invest up to 5% of its net assets in illiquid investments. A domestically traded security that is not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”) will not be considered illiquid if the Investment Adviser determines that an adequate trading market exists for that security. If otherwise consistent with their investment objectives and strategies, the Funds may purchase commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act and securities that are not registered under the 1933 Act but can be sold to “qualified institutional buyers” in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act (“Rule 144A Securities”). These securities will not be considered illiquid so long as the Investment Adviser determines that, under guidelines approved by the Trust’s Board of Trustees, an adequate trading market exists. The Trust has implemented a liquidity risk management program and related procedures to identify illiquid investments pursuant to Rule 22e-4, and the Trustees have approved the


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designation of the Investment Adviser to administer the Trust’s liquidity risk management program and related procedures.

SPECIAL RISKS. Because illiquid and restricted investments may be difficult to sell at an acceptable price, they may be subject to greater volatility and may result in a loss to a Fund. The practice of investing in Rule 144A Securities and commercial paper available to qualified institutional buyers could increase the level of a Fund’s illiquidity during any period that qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in purchasing these securities. Investments purchased by a Fund that are liquid at the time of purchase may subsequently become illiquid due to events relating to the issuer, market events, economic conditions and/or investor perception. To the extent an investment held by a Fund is deemed to be an illiquid investment or a less liquid investment, a Fund will be exposed to greater liquidity risk.

INCOME RISK (principal risk for all Funds) is the risk that falling interest rates will cause a Fund’s income to decline. Income risk is generally higher for short-term debt securities.

INSURANCE FUNDING AGREEMENTS. An insurance funding agreement (“IFA”) is an agreement that requires a Fund to make cash contributions to a deposit fund of an insurance company’s general account. The insurance company then credits interest to the Fund for a set time period.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Money Market Fund may invest in IFAs issued by insurance companies that meet quality and credit standards established by the Investment Adviser.

SPECIAL RISKS. IFAs are not insured by a government agency—they are backed only by the insurance company that issues them. As a result, they are subject to default risk of the non-governmental issuer. In addition, the transfer of IFAs may be restricted and an active secondary market in IFAs currently does not exist. This means that it may be difficult or impossible to sell an IFA at an appropriate price or that these investments may be considered illiquid.

INTEREST RATE RISK (principal risk for all Funds). A Fund’s yield will vary with changes in interest rates. During periods of rising interest rates, a Fund’s yield (and the market value of its securities) will tend to be lower than prevailing market rates; in periods of falling interest rates, a Fund’s yield (and the market value of its securities) will tend to be higher. In a period of rising interest rates, a Fund’s yield may not rise as quickly as the yields of certain other short-term investments. Investments held by a Fund with longer maturities will tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than investments with shorter maturities. If interest rates rise, the Funds’ yields may not increase proportionately. Changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on the markets and the Funds’ investments. A low interest rate environment may prevent a Fund from providing a positive yield or paying Fund expenses out of Fund assets and could lead to a decline in a Fund’s share price. Additionally, securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises have historically involved little risk of loss of principal if held to maturity. However, due to fluctuations in interest rates, the market value of such securities held by a Fund may vary.

INTERFUND BORROWING AND LENDING. The SEC has granted an exemption permitting the Funds to participate in an interfund borrowing and lending program. This interfund borrowing and lending program allows the Funds to borrow money from other funds in the Trust and other affiliated portfolios of Northern Institutional Funds (each a “Portfolio,” and together the “Portfolios”) advised by NTI, and to lend money to other funds in the Trust, for temporary or emergency purposes. The interfund borrowing and lending program is currently not operational. The interfund borrowing and lending program is subject to a number of conditions, including, among other things, the requirements that (1) a Fund may not borrow or lend money through the program unless it receives a more favorable interest rate than is available from a bank loan rate or investment yield rate respectively; (2) loans will be secured on an equal priority basis with at least an equivalent percentage of collateral to loan value as any outstanding bank loan that requires collateral; (3) loans will have a maturity no longer than that of any outstanding bank loan (and in any event not over seven days); (4) if an event of default occurs under any agreement evidencing an outstanding bank loan to a Fund, the event of default will automatically (without need for action or notice by the lending Fund or Portfolio) constitute an immediate event of default under the Interfund Lending Agreement entitling the lending Fund or Portfolio to call the interfund loan (and exercise all rights with respect to any collateral) and that such call will be made if the bank exercises its right to call its loan under its agreement with a Fund; (5) a Fund may not borrow money if the loan would cause its outstanding borrowings from all sources to exceed 10% of its net assets at the time of the loan, except that a Fund may borrow up to 33 1/3% of its total assets through the program or from other sources if each interfund loan is secured by the pledge of segregated collateral with a market value of at least 102% of the outstanding principal value of the loan; (6) a Fund may not loan money if the loan would cause its aggregate outstanding loans through the program to exceed 15% of its net assets at the time of the loan; (7) a Fund’s interfund loans to any one Fund shall not exceed 5% of the lending Fund’s net assets; and (8) a Fund’s borrowings through the program will not exceed the greater of 125% of the Fund’s total net cash redemptions or 102% of the Fund’s sales fails (when a sale of securities “fails,” due to circumstances beyond the Fund’s


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control) for the preceding seven calendar days as measured at the time of the loan. In addition, a Fund may participate in the interfund borrowing and lending program only if and to the extent that such participation is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies. The Board of Trustees of the Trust is responsible for overseeing the interfund borrowing and lending program. A delay in repayment to a lending Fund could result in a lost investment opportunity or additional lending costs.

INVESTMENT COMPANIES. To the extent consistent with their investment objectives and strategies, the Funds may invest in securities issued by other affiliated or unaffiliated investment companies.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Investments by a Fund in other investment companies will be subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act and SEC orders. Although the Funds do not expect to do so in the foreseeable future, each Fund is authorized to invest substantially all of its assets in an open-end investment company or a series thereof that has substantially the same investment objective, strategies and fundamental restrictions as the Fund.

SPECIAL RISKS. As a shareholder of another investment company, a Fund would be subject to the same risks as any other investor in that company. It would also bear a proportionate share of any fees or expenses paid by that company. These expenses would be in addition to the management fees and other expenses the Fund bears directly in connection with its own operations.

LARGE SHAREHOLDER RISK (principal risk for all Funds). To the extent a significant percentage of the shares of a Fund are owned or controlled by a small number of account shareholders (or a single account shareholder), including funds or accounts over which the Investment Adviser or an affiliate of the Investment Adviser has investment discretion, the Fund is subject to the risk that those shareholders may purchase or redeem Fund shares in significant amounts rapidly or unexpectedly, including as a result of an asset allocation decision made by the Investment Adviser or an affiliate of the Investment Adviser and may adversely affect a Fund’s performance if the Investment Adviser is forced to sell portfolio securities or invest cash when the Investment Adviser would not otherwise choose to do so. Redemptions of a large number of shares may affect the liquidity of a Fund’s portfolio, increase the Fund’s transaction costs, and accelerate the realization of taxable income and/or gains.

LIQUIDITY RISK (principal risk for the Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund) is the risk that a Fund will not be able to pay redemption proceeds within the time periods described in this Prospectus because of unusual market conditions, an unusually high volume of redemption requests, legal restrictions impairing its ability to sell particular securities or close derivative positions at an advantageous market price or other reasons. Certain portfolio securities may be less liquid than others, which may make them difficult or impossible to sell at the time and the price that a Fund would like or difficult to value. A Fund may have to lower the price, sell other securities instead or forgo an investment opportunity. In addition, certain assets that a Fund wants to buy may be difficult or impossible to purchase. Any of these events could have a negative effect on fund management or performance. For the Money Market Fund and the Municipal Money Market Fund, these factors may result in a Fund imposing a liquidity fee or redemption gate that temporarily restricts your ability to sell shares for up to 10 business days if such Fund’s liquidity falls below required minimums. Liquidity risk may be the result of, among other things, the reduced number and capacity of traditional market participants to make a market in fixed income securities. As a general matter, dealers recently have been less willing to make markets for fixed income securities. The potential for liquidity risk may be magnified by a rising interest rate environment or other circumstances where investor redemptions from money market and other fixed income mutual funds may be higher than normal, potentially causing increased supply in the market due to selling activity. Funds with principal investment strategies that involve investments in securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations, foreign securities, derivatives or securities with potential market and/or credit risk tend to have the greatest exposure to liquidity risk. All of these risks may increase during periods of market volatility. The liquidity of certain assets, such as privately issued and non-investment grade mortgage- and asset-backed securities, may be difficult to ascertain and may change over time. Transactions in less liquid securities may entail transaction costs that are higher than those for transactions in more liquid securities.

MARKET EVENTS RISK relates to the increased volatility, depressed valuations, decreased liquidity and heightened uncertainty in the financial markets throughout the world during the past decade. These conditions may recur.

The U.S. government and the Federal Reserve, as well as certain foreign governments and central banks, have taken steps to support financial markets, including by keeping interest rates at historically low levels. This and other government intervention may not work as intended, particularly if the efforts are perceived by investors as being unlikely to achieve the desired results. In recent years, the U.S. government and Federal Reserve have reduced their market support activities and have begun raising interest rates. Certain foreign governments and central banks have implemented so-called negative interest rates (e.g., charging depositors who keep their cash at a bank)


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to spur economic growth. Governmental or central bank actions, including interest rate increases, measures to address budget deficits, or contrary actions by different governments, as well as downgrades of sovereign debt, fluctuations in oil and commodity prices, dramatic changes in currency exchange rates and geopolitical events (including war and terror attacks) could negatively affect financial markets generally, increase market volatility and reduce the value and liquidity of securities in which a Fund invests.

Policy and legislative changes in the United States and in other countries (such as the UK referendum vote to exit the EU, as further discussed below) may also contribute to decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the financial markets.

Political turmoil within the U.S. and abroad may also impact the Funds. Although the U.S. government has honored its credit obligations, it remains possible that the U.S. could default on its obligations. While it is impossible to predict the consequences of such an unprecedented event, it is likely that a default by the U.S. would be highly disruptive to the U.S. and global securities markets and could significantly impair the value of the Funds’ investments. Similarly, political events within the United States at times have resulted, and may in the future result, in a shutdown of government services, which could negatively affect the U.S. economy, decrease the value of many Fund investments, and increase uncertainty in or impair the operation of the U.S. or other securities markets. The U.S. is also considering significant increases in infrastructure and national defense spending which, coupled with lower federal taxes, could lead to increased government borrowing and higher interest rates. The equity and debt markets may react strongly to this possibility, which could increase volatility, especially if the market’s expectations for such changes are not borne out.

Economies and financial markets throughout the world are increasingly interconnected. Economic, financial or political events, trading and tariff arrangements, terrorism, natural disasters and other circumstances in one country or region could have profound impacts on global economies or markets. As a result, whether or not a Fund directly invests in securities of issuers located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of a Fund’s investments may be negatively affected.

In June 2016, voters in the UK approved a referendum to leave the EU (“Brexit”). The UK gave notice in March 2017 of its withdrawal from the EU and commenced negotiations on the terms of withdrawal. There is significant market uncertainty regarding Brexit’s ramifications, and the range and potential implications of possible political, regulatory, economic, and market outcomes are difficult to predict. Political events, including nationalist unrest in Europe and uncertainties surrounding the sovereign debt of a number of EU countries and the viability of the EU itself, also may cause market disruptions. If one or more countries leave the EU or the EU dissolves, the world’s securities markets likely will be significantly disrupted. Moreover, the uncertainty about the ramifications of Brexit may cause significant volatility and/or declines in the value of the Euro and British pound. The terms and date of the withdrawal remain in flux as of the date of this Prospectus. Brexit (and in particular a hard Brexit, i.e., an exit in which the UK leaves not only the EU, but also the EU single market and the EU customs union, and without agreements on trade, finance and other key elements) may cause significant market volatility and illiquidity, currency fluctuations, deterioration in economic activity, a decrease in business confidence, and increased likelihood of a recession in the UK. This may increase redemptions from Funds that hold impacted securities, or cause the value of a Fund’s securities that are economically tied to the UK or EU to decline. Additionally, it is possible that measures could be taken to revote on the issue of Brexit, or that portions of the UK could seek to separate and remain a part of the EU. Market factors, such as the demand for particular portfolio securities, may cause the price of certain portfolio securities to fall while the price of other securities rise or remain unchanged.

MUNICIPAL AND RELATED INSTRUMENTS (principal strategy for the Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund). Municipal instruments include debt obligations issued by or on behalf of states, territories and possessions of the United States and their political subdivisions, agencies, authorities and instrumentalities. Municipal instruments include both “general” and “revenue” bonds and may be issued to obtain funds for various public purposes. General obligations are secured by the issuer’s pledge of its full faith, credit and taxing power. Revenue obligations are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities. In some cases, revenue bonds also are payable from the proceeds of a special excise or other specific revenue source such as lease payments from the user of a facility being financed.

Some municipal instruments, known as private activity bonds, are issued to finance projects for private companies. Private activity bonds are usually revenue obligations since they typically are payable by the private user of the facilities financed by the bonds.

Municipal instruments also include “moral obligation” bonds, municipal leases, certificates of participation and asset-backed securities such as custodial receipts. Moral obligation bonds are supported by a moral commitment but not a legal obligation of a state or municipality. Municipal leases and participation certificates present the risk that the state or municipality involved will not appropriate the monies to meet scheduled


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payments on an annual basis. Custodial receipts represent interests in municipal instruments held by a trustee or custodian.

Certain municipal obligations are issued with interest rates that adjust periodically. Such municipal floating-rate debt obligations are generally indexed to the London Interbank Offer Rate, the Securities Industry and Financial Market Association index, the Consumer Price Index or other indices. Municipal floating-rate debt obligations include, but are not limited to, municipal floating rate notes, floating-rate notes issued by tender option bond trusts, auction rate preferred securities, synthetic floating-rate securities (e.g., a fixed-rate instrument that is subject to a swap agreement converting a fixed rate to a floating rate) and other municipal instruments with floating interest rates (such as variable rate demand preferred shares and variable rate term preferred shares).

The Municipal Money Market Fund may acquire “stand-by commitments” relating to the municipal instruments it holds. Under a stand-by commitment, a dealer agrees to purchase, at the Municipal Money Market Fund’s option, specified municipal instruments at a specified price. A stand-by commitment may increase the cost, and thereby reduce the yield, of the municipal instruments to which the commitment relates. A Fund will acquire stand-by commitments solely to facilitate portfolio liquidity and does not intend to exercise its rights for trading purposes.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Although it is not its current policy to do so on a regular basis, the Municipal Money Market Fund may invest more than 25% of its total assets in municipal instruments the interest upon which is paid solely from revenues of similar projects. However, the Municipal Money Market Fund does not intend to invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in industrial development bonds or similar obligations where the non-governmental entities supplying the revenues to be paid are in the same industry.

The Municipal Money Market Fund may also invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in municipal instruments whose issuers are in the same state.

To the extent consistent with their investment objectives and principal investment strategies, the Funds may invest from time to time in municipal instruments or other securities issued by state and local governmental bodies. Generally, this will occur when the yield of municipal instruments, on a pre-tax basis, is comparable to that of other permitted short-term taxable investments. Dividends paid by the Funds, other than the Municipal Money Market Fund, on such investments will be taxable to shareholders.

SPECIAL RISKS. Municipal instruments may be backed by letters of credit, insurance or other forms of credit enhancement issued by foreign and domestic banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions. If the credit quality of these banks and financial institutions declines, a Fund could suffer a loss to the extent that the Fund is relying upon this credit support. Foreign institutions can present special risks relating to higher transaction and custody costs, the imposition of additional taxes by foreign governments, less complete financial information, less market liquidity, more market volatility and political instability. Foreign banks, insurance companies and financial institutions may be subject to less stringent reserve requirements, and to different accounting, auditing and recordkeeping requirements than U.S. banks.

In addition, a single enhancement provider may provide credit enhancement to more than one of a Fund’s investments. Having multiple securities credit enhanced by the same enhancement provider will increase the adverse effects on the Fund that are likely to result from a downgrading of, or a default by, such an enhancement provider. Adverse developments in the banking or bond insurance industries also may negatively affect a Fund. Bond insurers that provide credit enhancement for large segments of the fixed-income markets, particularly the municipal bond market, may be more susceptible to being downgraded or defaulting during recessions or similar periods of economic stress. Municipal bonds may be covered by insurance that guarantees timely interest payments and repayment of principal on maturity. If a bond’s insurer fails to fulfill its obligations or loses its credit rating, the value of the bond could drop. Insurance does not protect a Fund or its shareholders from losses caused by declines in a bond’s market value.

Also, an insurance company’s exposure to securities involving subprime mortgages may cause a municipal bond insurer’s rating to be downgraded or may cause the bond insurer to become insolvent, which may affect the prices and liquidity of municipal obligations insured by the insurance company.

In addition, when a substantial portion of a Fund’s assets is invested in instruments that are used to finance facilities involving a particular industry, whose issuers are in the same state or which otherwise are related, there is a possibility that an economic, business or political development affecting one instrument would likewise affect the related instrument.

In recent periods an increasing number of municipal issuers have defaulted on obligations, been downgraded or commenced insolvency proceedings. Any of these effects could have a significant impact on the prices of some or all of the municipal instruments held by a Fund.

OPERATIONAL RISK. The Investment Adviser to the Funds and other Fund service providers may be subject to operational risk and may experience disruptions and operating errors. In


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particular, these errors or failures in systems and technology, including operational risks associated with reliance on third party service providers, may adversely affect a Fund’s ability to calculate its net asset values in a timely manner, including over a potentially extended period. While service providers are required to have appropriate operational risk management policies and procedures in place, their methods of operational risk management may differ from those of the Funds in the setting of priorities, the personnel and resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. The Investment Adviser, through its monitoring and oversight of service providers, seeks to ensure that service providers take appropriate precautions to avoid and mitigate risks that could lead to disruptions and operating errors. However, it is not possible for the Investment Adviser or other Fund service providers to identify all of the operational risks that may affect a Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects.

PREPAYMENT (OR CALL) RISK (principal risk for all Funds) is the risk that prepayment of the underlying mortgages or other collateral of some fixed-income securities may result in a decreased rate of return and a decline in value of those securities. As interest rates fall and certain obligations are paid off by obligors more quickly than originally anticipated, the Funds may invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields.

REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS (principal strategy for all Funds). Repurchase agreements involve the purchase of securities by a Fund subject to the seller’s agreement to repurchase them at a mutually agreed upon date and price.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with its respective investment objective and principal investment strategies, each Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with domestic and foreign financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers that are deemed to be creditworthy by the Investment Adviser. Although the securities subject to a repurchase agreement may have maturities exceeding one year, settlement of the agreement generally will not occur more than one year after a Fund acquires the securities.

SPECIAL RISKS. In the event of a default, a Fund will suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from the sale of the underlying securities and other collateral are less than the repurchase price and the Fund’s costs associated with delay and enforcement of the repurchase agreement. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, a Fund could suffer additional losses if a court determines that the Fund’s interest in the collateral is unenforceable by the Fund. If a Fund enters into a repurchase agreement with a foreign financial institution, it may be subject to the same risks associated with foreign investments (see “Foreign Investments” on page 44).

The Funds intend to enter into transactions with counterparties that are creditworthy at the time of the transactions. There is always the risk that the Investment Adviser’s analysis of creditworthiness is incorrect or may change due to market conditions. To the extent that a Fund focuses its transactions with a limited number of counterparties, it will be more susceptible to the risks associated with one or more counterparties.

With respect to collateral received in repurchase transactions or other investments, a Fund may have significant exposure to the financial services and mortgage markets. Such exposure, depending on market conditions, could have a negative impact on the Fund, including minimizing the value of any collateral.

STRIPPED SECURITIES. These securities are issued by the U.S. government (or an agency, instrumentality or a sponsored enterprise), foreign governments, banks and other issuers. They entitle the holder to receive either interest payments or principal payments that have been “stripped” from a debt obligation. These obligations include stripped mortgage-backed securities, which are derivative multi-class mortgage securities.

The Treasury Department has facilitated transfers of ownership of zero coupon securities by accounting separately for the beneficial ownership of particular interest coupon and principal payments on Treasury securities through the Federal Reserve book-entry record-keeping system. The Federal Reserve program as established by the Treasury Department is known as “Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities” or “STRIPS.” Under the STRIPS program, a Fund will be able to have its beneficial ownership of zero coupon securities recorded directly in the book-entry record-keeping system in lieu of having to hold certificates or other evidences of ownership of the underlying U.S. Treasury securities.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with their investment objectives and strategies, the Funds may purchase stripped securities, including securities registered in the STRIPS program.

SPECIAL RISKS. Stripped securities are very sensitive to changes in interest rates and to the rate of principal prepayments. A rapid or unexpected change in either interest rates or principal prepayments could depress the price of stripped securities held by the Funds and adversely affect a Fund’s investment performance.

STRUCTURED SECURITIES. The value of such securities is determined by reference to changes in the value of specific currencies, interest rates, commodities, securities, indices or other financial indicators (the “Reference”) or the relative change in two or more References. The interest rate or the principal amount payable upon maturity or redemption may be increased or decreased depending upon changes in the


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applicable Reference. Examples of structured securities include, but are not limited to, asset-backed commercial paper, structured notes and other debt obligations, where the principal repayment at maturity is determined by the value of a specified security or securities index.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Each Fund may invest in structured securities to the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies.

SPECIAL RISKS. Structured securities present additional risk that the interest paid to a Fund on a structured security will be less than expected. The terms of some structured securities may provide that in certain circumstances no principal is due at maturity and, therefore, a Fund could suffer a total loss of its investment. Structured securities may be positively or negatively indexed, so that appreciation of the Reference may produce an increase or decrease in the interest rate or value of the security at maturity. In addition, changes in the interest rates or the value of the security at maturity may be a multiple of changes in the value of the Reference. Consequently, structured securities may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of securities. Structured securities also may be more volatile, less liquid and more difficult to accurately price than less complex securities due to their derivative nature.

TAX RISK (principal risk for the Municipal Money Market Fund). There is no guarantee that the income from the Municipal Money Market Fund’s municipal securities will remain exempt from federal income tax and the AMT. Unfavorable legislation, adverse interpretations by federal or state authorities, litigation or noncompliant conduct by the issuer of a municipal security could affect the tax-exempt status of municipal securities. For example, on December 22, 2017, the President signed into law H.R. 1, originally known as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.” The law repeals the rules related to tax credit bonds and the exclusion from gross income for interest on a bond issued to advance refund another bond and is effective for bonds issued after December 31, 2017, but does not affect the tax treatment of bonds issued prior to January 1, 2018.

The Municipal Money Market Fund may purchase municipal securities the interest on which, in the opinion of the Investment Adviser at the time the securities are issued, is exempt from federal income tax and, as applicable, the AMT. There is no guarantee that this opinion is correct, and there is no assurance that the IRS or state authorities will agree with Investment Adviser’s opinion. If the IRS or a state authority determines that an issuer of a municipal security has not complied with applicable requirements, interest from the security could become subject to regular federal income tax and/or the AMT, possibly retroactively to the date the security was issued, and the value of the security could decline significantly and a portion of the distributions to Fund shareholders could be recharacterized as taxable. Future litigation or legislation could also adversely affect the tax status of municipal securities held by the Municipal Money Market Fund.

TAXABLE INVESTMENTS (principal strategy for the Money Market Fund). Taxable investments include U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of U.S. banks, foreign commercial banks and securities issued or guaranteed by foreign governments; high quality commercial paper and other obligations; high quality corporate bonds and notes; asset-backed securities; securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or by its agencies or instrumentalities and related custodial receipts; and repurchase agreements relating to the above instruments. The Municipal Money Market Fund may invest from time to time, on a temporary basis or for temporary defensive purposes, in short-term taxable instruments that are “Eligible Securities” as defined by the SEC for money market funds. Dividends paid by the Municipal Money Market Fund that are derived from interest paid on taxable investments generally will be taxable to each Fund’s shareholders as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes. The Municipal Money Market Fund may not achieve its investment objective when its assets are invested in taxable obligations.

TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS. For capital preservation and liquidity, each Fund may have a greater concentration in short-term securities, including investing up to all of its assets in overnight securities, which may result in a reduction of a Fund’s yield.

In addition, if the Municipal Money Market Fund takes a temporary position, it may distribute income subject to federal, state and/or local taxes. Although the Investment Adviser has the ability to take temporary positions, it may choose not to do so for a variety of reasons, even during volatile market conditions.

U.S. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS (principal strategy for the Money Market Fund, U.S. Government Money Market Fund and U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund). These instruments include U.S. Treasury obligations, such as bills, notes and bonds, which generally differ only in terms of their interest rates, maturities and time of issuance. They also include obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or by its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. Securities guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or by its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises are deemed to include (a) securities for which the payment of principal and interest is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit issued by the U.S. government or by an agency, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise thereof, and (b) participations in loans made to foreign governments or


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their agencies that are so guaranteed. U.S. treasury obligations also include floating rate public obligations of the U.S. Treasury.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with their investment objective and strategies, the Funds may invest in a variety of U.S. Treasury obligations and in other obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or by its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises.

SPECIAL RISKS. Not all U.S. government obligations carry the same credit support. Although many U.S. government securities are issued by entities chartered or sponsored by Acts of Congress, such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) and the Federal Home Loan Banks, such securities are neither issued nor guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury and, therefore, are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Some, such as those of the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, although this guarantee applies only to principal and interest payments and does not apply to losses resulting from declines in the market value of these securities. Other obligations, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; and others are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase the agency’s obligations. Still others are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality or sponsored enterprise. The maximum potential liability of the issuers of some U.S. government securities may greatly exceed their current resources, including their legal right to support from the U.S. Treasury. It is possible that these issuers will not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises if it is not obligated to do so by law. In addition, the secondary market for certain participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies may be limited.

An agency of the U.S. government has placed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship, a statutory process with the objective of returning the entities to normal business operations. It is unclear what effect this conservatorship will have on the securities issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. As a result, these securities are subject to more credit risk than U.S. government securities that are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States (e.g. U.S. Treasury bonds).

To the extent a Fund invests in debt instruments or securities of non-U.S. government entities that are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, pursuant to the FDIC Debt Guarantee Program (the “Debt Guarantee Program”) or other similar programs, there is a possibility that the guarantee provided under the Debt Guarantee Program or other similar programs may be discontinued or modified at a later date.

Floating rate public obligations of the U.S. Treasury (“Floating Rate Notes” or “FRNs”) have interest rates that adjust periodically. FRNs’ floating interest rates may be higher or lower than the interest rates of fixed-rate bonds of comparable quality with similar maturities. Securities with floating rates can be less sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with fixed interest rates, but may decline in value and negatively impact the Fund, particularly if changes in prevailing interest rates are more frequent or sudden than the rate changes for the FRNs, which only occur periodically (see “Variable and Floating Rate Instruments” below).

VALUATION RISK. The sale price a Fund could receive for a security may differ from the Fund’s valuation of the security, particularly for securities that trade in low volume or volatile markets, or that are valued using a fair value methodology. Because portfolio securities of certain Funds may be traded on non-U.S. exchanges, and non-U.S. exchanges may be open on days when the Fund does not price its shares, the value of the securities in the Fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell the Fund’s shares.

VARIABLE AND FLOATING RATE INSTRUMENTS (principal strategy for the Municipal Money Market Fund). Variable and floating rate instruments have interest rates that periodically are adjusted either at set intervals or that float at a margin tied to a specified index rate. These instruments include floating rate Treasury obligations, variable amount master demand notes and long-term variable and floating rate bonds (sometimes referred to as “Put Bonds”) where the Fund obtains at the time of purchase the right to put the bond back to the issuer or a third party at par at a specified date.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Each of the Funds may invest in variable and floating rate instruments to the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies.

SPECIAL RISKS. Variable and floating rate instruments are subject to many of the same risks as fixed rate instruments, particularly credit risk and default risk, which could impede their value. Because there is no active secondary market for certain variable and floating rate instruments, they may be more difficult to sell if the issuer defaults on its payment obligations or during periods when the Fund is not entitled to exercise its demand rights. As a result, the Funds could suffer a loss with respect to these instruments. In addition, variable and floating rate instruments are subject to changes in value based on changes in market interest rates or changes in the issuer’s or


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guarantor’s creditworthiness. In addition, there may be a lag between an actual change in the underlying interest rate benchmark and the reset time for an interest payment of a variable or floating instrument, which could harm or benefit a Fund, depending on the interest rate environment or other circumstances. In a rising interest rate environment, for example, a floating or variable rate instrument that does not reset immediately would prevent a Fund from taking full advantage of rising interest rates in a timely manner.

In 2017, the UK’s Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) warned that the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) may cease to be available or appropriate for use by 2021. The unavailability of LIBOR presents risks to the Funds, including the risk that any pricing or adjustments to a Fund’s investments resulting from a substitute reference rate may adversely affect the Fund’s performance and/or NAV.

WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES, DELAYED DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS AND FORWARD COMMITMENTS. A purchase of “when-issued” securities refers to a transaction made conditionally because the securities, although authorized, have not yet been issued. A delayed delivery or forward commitment transaction involves a contract to purchase or sell securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond the customary settlement period.

INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Each Fund may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis. Although the Funds generally would purchase securities in these transactions with the intention of acquiring the securities, the Funds may dispose of such securities prior to settlement if the Investment Adviser deems it appropriate to do so.

SPECIAL RISKS. Purchasing securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis involves the risk that the value of the securities may decrease by the time they actually are issued or delivered. Conversely, selling securities in these transactions involves the risk that the value of the securities may increase by the time they actually are issued or delivered. Therefore, these transactions may have a leveraging effect on a Fund, making the value of an investment in the Fund more volatile and increasing the Fund’s overall investment exposure. These transactions also involve the risk that the counterparty may fail to deliver the security or cash on the settlement date.

OTHER SECURITIES. Additionally, the Funds may purchase other types of securities or instruments similar to those described in these sections if otherwise consistent with the Funds’ investment objectives and strategies. You should carefully consider the risks discussed in these sections before investing in a Fund.

The Funds may invest in other securities and are subject to further restrictions and risks that are described in the SAI. Additional information about the Funds, their investments and related risks can also be found in “Investment Objectives and Strategies” in the SAI.


NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		53		MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

THE FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS TABLES ARE INTENDED TO HELP YOU UNDERSTAND A FUND’S FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE FOR THE PAST FIVE YEARS.

Certain information reflects the financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the tables represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in a Fund for a share held for the entire period (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 has been derived from financial statements that have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Funds’ financial statements, is included in the Funds’ annual report, which is available upon request and without charge.


MONEY MARKET FUNDS		54		NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH 31,


MONEY MARKET FUND
Selected per share data	2019			2018			2017			2016			2015
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year		$1.00			$1.00			$1.00			$1.00			$1.00
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:
Net investment income		0.02			0.01			—	⁽¹⁾		—	⁽¹⁾		—	⁽¹⁾
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)⁽²⁾		—			—			—			—			—
Net increase from payment by affiliate		—			—			—	⁽³⁾		—	⁽⁴⁾		—
Total from Investment Operations		0.02			0.01			—			—			—
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS PAID:
From net investment income		(0.02	)		(0.01	)		—	⁽⁵⁾		—	⁽⁵⁾		—	⁽⁵⁾
From net realized gains		—			—			—	⁽⁶⁾		—	⁽⁶⁾		—
Total Distributions Paid		(0.02	)		(0.01	)		—			—			—
Net Asset Value, End of Year		$1.00			$1.00			$1.00			$1.00			$1.00
Total Return⁽⁷⁾		2.05	%		1.10	%		0.42	%		0.05	%		0.01	%
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS:
Net assets, in thousands, end of year		$608,370			$336,019			$164,606			$7,561,742			$8,844,593
Ratio to average net assets of:
Expenses, net of reimbursements and credits⁽⁸⁾		0.35	%		0.29	%		0.34	%		0.26	%		0.17	%
Expenses, before reimbursements and credits		0.38	%		0.43	%		0.37	%		0.36	%		0.39	%
Net investment income, net of reimbursements and credits⁽⁸⁾		2.05	%		1.09	%		0.22	%		0.05	%		0.01	%
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements and credits		2.02	%		0.95	%		0.19	%		(0.05	)%		(0.21	)%

(1)

Per share amounts from net investment income were less than $0.01 per share.

(2)

Per share amounts from net realized and unrealized gains (losses) were less than $0.01 per share.

(3)

(4)

(5)

Per share amounts from distributions paid from net investment income were less than $0.01 per share.

(6)

Per share amount from distributions paid from net realized gains was less than $0.01 per share.

(7)

Assumes investment at net asset value at the beginning of the year, reinvestment of all dividends and distributions, and a complete redemption of the investment at net asset value at the end of the year.

(8)

The impact on Net Assets due to any custody credits is less than 0.005%.


NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		55		MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS


MUNICIPAL MONEY MARKET FUND
Selected per share data	2019			2018			2017			2016			2015
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year		$1.00			$1.00			$1.00			$1.00			$1.00
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:
Net investment income		0.01			0.01			—	⁽¹⁾		—	⁽¹⁾		—	⁽¹⁾
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)		—			—			0.01			—	⁽²⁾		—	⁽²⁾
Net increase from payment by affiliate		—			—			—	⁽³⁾		—			—
Total from Investment Operations		0.01			0.01			0.01			—			—
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS PAID:
From net investment income		(0.01	)		(0.01	)		(0.01	)		—	⁽⁴⁾		—	⁽⁴⁾
From net realized gains		—			—			—	⁽⁵⁾		—	⁽⁵⁾		—	⁽⁵⁾
Total Distributions Paid		(0.01	)		(0.01	)		(0.01	)		—			—
Net Asset Value, End of Year		$1.00			$1.00			$1.00			$1.00			$1.00
Total Return⁽⁶⁾		1.16	%		0.79	%		0.53	%		0.02	%		0.02	%
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS:
Net assets, in thousands, end of year		$468,126			$876,896			$203,856			$5,660,876			$6,273,372
Ratio to average net assets of:
Expenses, net of reimbursements and credits⁽⁷⁾		0.35	%		0.22	%		0.34	%		0.09	%		0.07	%
Expenses, before reimbursements and credits		0.37	%		0.38	%		0.37	%		0.36	%		0.39	%
Net investment income, net of reimbursements and credits⁽⁷⁾		1.14	%		0.81	%		0.11	%		0.01	%		0.01	%
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements and credits		1.12	%		0.65	%		0.08	%		(0.26	)%		(0.31	)%

(1)

Per share amounts from net investment income were less than $0.01 per share.

(2)

Per share amounts from net realized and unrealized gains (losses) were less than $0.01 per share.

(3)

(4)

Per share amounts from distributions paid from net investment income were less than $0.01 per share.

(5)

Per share amount from distributions paid from net realized gains was less than $0.01 per share.

(6)

(7)

The impact on Net Assets due to any custody credits is less than 0.005%.


MONEY MARKET FUNDS		56		NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH 31,


U.S. GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND
Selected per share data	2019			2018			2017			2016			2015
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year		$1.00			$1.00			$1.00			$1.00			$1.00
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:
Net investment income		0.02			0.01			—	⁽¹⁾		—	⁽¹⁾		—	⁽¹⁾
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)⁽²⁾		—			—			—			—			—
Total from Investment Operations		0.02			0.01			—			—			—
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS PAID:
From net investment income		(0.02	)		(0.01	)		—	⁽³⁾		—	⁽³⁾		—	⁽³⁾
Total Distributions Paid		(0.02	)		(0.01	)		—			—			—
Net Asset Value, End of Year		$1.00			$1.00			$1.00			$1.00			$1.00
Total Return⁽⁴⁾		1.79	%		0.78	%		0.12	%		0.01	%		0.01	%
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS:
Net assets, in thousands, end of year		$19,213,579			$15,995,919			$16,481,941			$3,359,761			$1,763,668
Ratio to average net assets of:
Expenses, net of reimbursements and credits⁽⁵⁾		0.35	%		0.35	%		0.35	%		0.22	%		0.09	%
Expenses, before reimbursements and credits		0.36	%		0.36	%		0.36	%		0.36	%		0.40	%
Net investment income, net of reimbursements and credits⁽⁵⁾		1.80	%		0.77	%		0.15	%		0.01	%		0.01	%
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements and credits		1.79	%		0.76	%		0.14	%		(0.13	)%		(0.30	)%

(1)

Per share amounts from net investment income were less than $0.01 per share.

(2)

Per share amounts from net realized and unrealized gains (losses) were less than $0.01 per share.

(3)

Per share amounts from distributions paid from net investment income were less than $0.01 per share.

(4)

(5)

The impact on Net Assets due to any custody credits is less than 0.005%.


NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		57		MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH 31,


U.S. GOVERNMENT SELECT MONEY MARKET FUND
Selected per share data	2019			2018			2017			2016			2015
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year		$1.00			$1.00			$1.00			$1.00			$1.00
INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS:
Net investment income		0.02			0.01			—	⁽¹⁾		—	⁽¹⁾		—	⁽¹⁾
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)⁽²⁾		—			—			—			—			—
Total from Investment Operations		0.02			0.01			—			—			—
LESS DISTRIBUTIONS PAID:
From net investment income		(0.02	)		(0.01	)		—	⁽³⁾		—	⁽³⁾		—	⁽³⁾
Total Distributions Paid		(0.02	)		(0.01	)		—			—			—
Net Asset Value, End of Year		$1.00			$1.00			$1.00			$1.00			$1.00
Total Return⁽⁴⁾		1.79	%		0.78	%		0.15	%		0.02	%		0.01	%
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS:
Net assets, in thousands, end of year		$3,791,180			$3,778,047			$3,281,067			$3,887,950			$3,359,681
Ratio to average net assets of:
Expenses, net of reimbursements and credits⁽⁵⁾		0.35	%		0.35	%		0.35	%		0.20	%		0.09	%
Expenses, before reimbursements and credits		0.37	%		0.37	%		0.36	%		0.36	%		0.39	%
Net investment income, net of reimbursements and credits⁽⁵⁾		1.78	%		0.80	%		0.14	%		0.01	%		0.01	%
Net investment income (loss), before reimbursements and credits		1.76	%		0.78	%		0.13	%		(0.15	)%		(0.29	)%

(1)

Per share amounts from net investment income were less than $0.01 per share.

(2)

Per share amounts from net realized and unrealized gains (losses) were less than $0.01 per share.

(3)

Per share amounts from distributions paid from net investment income were less than $0.01 per share.

(4)

(5)

The impact on Net Assets due to any custody credits is less than 0.005%.


MONEY MARKET FUNDS		58		NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK


NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		59		MONEY MARKET FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

FOR MORE INFORMATION

ANNUAL/SEMIANNUAL REPORTS AND STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Additional information about the Funds’ investments is available in the Funds’ annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the Funds’ annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds’ performance during their last fiscal year.

Additional information about the Funds and their policies is also available in the Funds’ SAI. The SAI is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus (and is legally considered part of this Prospectus).

The Funds’ annual and semiannual reports and the SAI are available free upon request by calling the Northern Funds Center at 800-595-9111 or by sending an email request to: northern-funds@ntrs.com. The SAI and other information are available from a financial intermediary (such as a broker-dealer or bank) through which the Fund’s shares may be purchased or sold.

TO OBTAIN OTHER INFORMATION AND FOR SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES:

BY TELEPHONE

Call 800-595-9111

BY MAIL

Northern Funds

P.O. Box 75986

Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986

ON THE INTERNET

The Funds’ documents are available online and may be downloaded from:

∎

The EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov (text-only).

∎

Northern Funds’ website at northerntrust.com/funds.

Reports and other information about Northern Funds are available on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s internet site at http://www.sec.gov. You also may obtain copies of Northern Funds’ documents, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request to: publicinfo@sec.gov.

811-08236


MONEY MARKET FUNDS		60		NORTHERN FUNDS PROSPECTUS		MM PRO (7/19)

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (“SAI”) SUPPLEMENT

NORTHERN FUNDS

MONEY MARKET FUNDS

SUPPLEMENT DATED [ ] TO THE SAI DATED JULY 31, 2019

The second paragraph on the cover page of the SAI is deleted and replaced with the following:

The audited financial statements for the Funds and related reports of Deloitte & Touche, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, contained in the annual report to the Funds’ shareholders for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, are incorporated herein by reference in the section entitled “Financial Statements.” The unaudited financial statements for the Funds, contained in the semi-annual report to the Funds’ shareholders for the six-months ended September 30, 2019, are also incorporated herein by reference in the section entitled “Financial Statements.” No other parts of the annual or semi-annual reports are incorporated by reference herein. Copies of the annual and semi-annual reports may be obtained upon request and without charge by calling 800-595-9111 (toll-free).

The eighth paragraph under the section entitled “INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES” on page 4 of the SAI is deleted and replaced with the following:

U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, substantially all (and at least 99.5%) of its total assets in cash, securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or by a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an instrumentality of the U.S. government pursuant to authority granted by the Congress of the United States or any certificate of deposit for any of the foregoing, and repurchase agreements that are fully collateralized by cash or such securities. Subject to the foregoing 99.5% investment strategy requirement, under normal circumstances, the Fund will seek to invest at least 50% of its net assets in the following security types that pay interest that generally is exempt from state income taxation:

•

U.S. Treasury bills;

•

U.S. Treasury notes;

•

U.S. Treasury STRIPS;

•

Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB);

•

Federal Farm Credit Bank (FFCB); and

•

Tennessee Valley Authority.

The Fund, under normal circumstances, will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in U.S. government securities and repurchase agreements collateralized solely by U.S. government securities.

The section entitled “FINANCIAL STATEMENTS” on page 75 of the SAI is deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following:

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The audited financial statements of the Funds and related reports of Deloitte & Touche, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, contained in the annual report to the Funds’ shareholders for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 (the “Annual Report”), are hereby incorporated by reference herein. The unaudited financial statements of the Funds contained in the semi-annual report to the Funds’ shareholders for the six-months ended September 30, 2019 (the “Semi-Annual Report”) are also hereby incorporated by reference herein. No other parts of the Annual Report, including without limitation, “Management’s Discussion of Fund Performance,” or the Semi-Annual Report are incorporated by reference herein. Copies of the Funds’ Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report may be obtained upon request and without charge, from the Transfer Agent by writing to the Northern Funds Center, P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986 or by calling 800-595-9111 (toll-free).

Please retain this Supplement with your SAI for future reference.

50 South LaSalle Street

P.O. Box 75986

Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986

800-637-1380

northerntrust.com/funds

NORTHERN FUNDS

(THE “TRUST”)

PART B

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

July 31, 2019

MONEY MARKET FUND (NORXX)

MUNICIPAL MONEY MARKET FUND (NOMXX)

U.S. GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND (NOGXX)

U.S. GOVERNMENT SELECT MONEY MARKET FUND (NOSXX)

This Statement of Additional Information dated July 31, 2019 (the “SAI”) is not a prospectus. This SAI should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus dated July 31, 2019, as amended or supplemented from time to time, for the Money Market Fund, Municipal Money Market Fund, U.S. Government Money Market Fund and the U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund (each a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”) of Northern Funds (the “Prospectus”). A copy of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge from the Trust’s transfer agent, The Northern Trust Company (in such capacity, the “Transfer Agent”) by writing to the Northern Funds Center, P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986 or by calling 800-595-9111. Capitalized terms not otherwise defined have the same meaning as in the Prospectus.

The audited financial statements for the Funds and related reports of Deloitte & Touche, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, contained in the annual reports to the Funds’ shareholders for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, are incorporated herein by reference in the section entitled “Financial Statements.” No other parts of the annual reports are incorporated by reference herein. Copies of the annual and semi-annual reports may be obtained upon request and without charge by calling 800-595-9111 (toll-free).

NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS NOT CONTAINED IN THIS SAI OR IN THE PROSPECTUS IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFERING MADE BY THE PROSPECTUS AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE TRUST OR ITS DISTRIBUTOR. THE PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFERING BY THE TRUST OR BY THE DISTRIBUTOR IN ANY JURISDICTION IN WHICH SUCH OFFERING MAY NOT LAWFULLY BE MADE.

You could lose money by investing in the Funds. Although each of the Funds seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, it cannot guarantee it will do so. The Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund may impose a fee upon the sale of your shares or may temporarily suspend your ability to sell shares if such Fund’s liquidity falls below required minimums because of market conditions or other factors. An investment in a Fund is not a deposit of any bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), any other government agency or The Northern Trust Company (“TNTC”), its affiliates, subsidiaries or any other bank. The Funds’ sponsor has no legal obligation to provide financial support to the Funds, and you should not expect that the sponsor will provide financial support to the Funds at any time.

INDEX


	Page
ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT INFORMATION		3
Classification and History		3
Investment Objectives and Strategies		3
Investment Restrictions		27
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings		31
Money Market Fund Material Events—Financial Support Provided to the Funds		32

ADDITIONAL TRUST INFORMATION		33
Trustees and Officers		33
Leadership Structure		39
Risk Oversight		40
Trustee Experience		41
Standing Board Committees		43
Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares		44
Trustee and Officer Compensation		44
Code of Ethics		46
Investment Adviser, Transfer Agent and Custodian		46
Brokerage Transactions		51
Conflicts of Interest		53
Proxy Voting		55
Distributor		57
Service Organizations		58
Counsel and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		58
In-Kind Purchases and Redemptions		59
Redemption Fees and Requirements		59
Automatic Investing Plan		59
Directed Reinvestments		59
Redemptions and Exchanges		60
Retirement Plans		60
Expenses		60

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION		62

NET ASSET VALUE		64
Liquidity Fees and Redemption Gates—Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund		65

TAXES		67
Federal—General Information		67
Federal—Tax-Exempt Information		68
State and Local Taxes		69
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders		69

DESCRIPTION OF SHARES		71

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS		75

OTHER INFORMATION		76

APPENDIX A		A-1

ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT INFORMATION

CLASSIFICATION AND HISTORY

Northern Funds (the “Trust”) is an open-end management investment company. Each Fund is classified as diversified under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).

Each Fund is a series of the Trust that was formed as a Delaware statutory trust on February 7, 2000 under an Agreement and Declaration of Trust (as amended from time to time, the “Trust Agreement”). The Trust also offers other funds, including equity, equity index, fixed income, multi-manager and asset allocation funds, which are not described in this SAI.

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES

The following supplements the investment objectives, strategies and risks of the Funds as set forth in the Prospectus. The investment objectives of the Funds may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) without shareholder approval. Except as expressly noted below, each Fund’s investment strategies may be changed without shareholder approval. In addition to the instruments discussed below and in the Prospectus, each Fund may purchase other types of financial instruments, however designated, whose investment and credit quality characteristics are determined by Northern Trust Investments, Inc. (“NTI” or the “Investment Adviser,” and collectively with TNTC, “Northern Trust”) to be substantially similar to those of any other investment otherwise permitted by a Fund’s investment strategies.

With respect to the Money Market Fund, to the extent required by Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regulations, shareholders of such Fund will be provided with sixty days’ notice in the manner prescribed by the SEC before any change in the Fund’s policy stated in the Prospectus to invest at least 80% of its net assets in the particular type of investment suggested by its name. With respect to the Municipal Money Market Fund, the Fund’s policy to invest at least 80% of its net assets in tax-exempt investments as described is a fundamental policy that may not be changed without shareholder approval. For these purposes, “net assets” include the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes and the amount of “net assets” is measured at the time of purchase. With respect to the U.S. Government Money Market Fund and U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund, such Funds’ policies to invest at least 99.5% of their respective total assets in cash, securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or by a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an instrumentality of the U.S. government pursuant to authority granted by the Congress of the United States or any certificate of deposit for any of the foregoing, and repurchase agreements that are fully collateralized by cash or such securities will be in accordance with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act.

Money Market Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing in a broad range of high-quality, U.S. dollar-denominated government, bank and commercial obligations that are available in the money markets, including: obligations of U.S. banks (including obligations of foreign branches of such banks); obligations of foreign commercial banks; commercial paper and other obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. and foreign corporations and other issuers; corporate bonds, notes, paper and other instruments that are of high quality; asset-backed securities and asset-backed commercial paper; securities issued or guaranteed as to principal or interest by the U.S. government and its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises and custodial receipts with respect thereto; securities issued or guaranteed by one or more foreign governments or political subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities; repurchase agreements; and municipal securities issued or guaranteed by state and local government bodies.

Municipal Money Market Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing primarily in high quality short-term municipal instruments, the interest on which is exempt from regular federal income tax. High quality instruments are those that present minimal credit risk as determined by the Investment Adviser. The high level of income sought by the Fund is relative to yields currently available in the tax-exempt marketplace.

Municipal instruments may include fixed, variable and floating rate notes and similar debt instruments; asset-backed securities that are considered municipal instruments (such as trust certificates backed by municipal bonds); tax-exempt commercial paper; municipal bonds, notes, paper or other instruments; and municipal bonds and notes that are guaranteed as to principal and interest or backed by the U.S. government or by its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises.

Except in extraordinary circumstances, at least 80% of the Municipal Money Market Fund’s net assets will be invested in debt instruments that pay interest that is exempt from regular federal income tax. The Fund limits its investments in Alternative Minimum Tax (“AMT”) obligations (also known as “private activity bonds”), so that the Fund ordinarily will not invest in such obligations except during temporary defensive periods or when non-AMT obligations are unavailable. AMT obligations pay interest that may be treated as an item of tax preference to shareholders under the federal AMT. To the extent that the Fund invests in AMT obligations, a portion of the Fund’s dividends may be subject to federal income tax for shareholders subject to AMT.

The Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund each operate as a “retail money market fund,” as defined under Rule 2a-7 of the 1940 Act. As a “retail money market fund” under Rule 2a-7, the Funds: (1) will continue to use the amortized cost method of valuation to seek to maintain a stable net asset value (“NAV”) of $1.00 share price, and (2) the Board will be permitted to impose a liquidity fee on redemptions from the Fund (up to 2%) or temporarily restrict redemptions from the Fund for up to 10 business days during a 90-day period, as described in more detail under “Net Asset Value—Liquidity Fees and Redemption Gates—Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund” beginning on page 65.

U.S. Government Money Market Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, substantially all (and at least 99.5%) of its total assets in cash, securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or by a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an instrumentality of the U.S. government pursuant to authority granted by the Congress of the United States or any certificate of deposit for any of the foregoing, and repurchase agreements that are fully collateralized by cash or such securities. The Fund, under normal circumstances, will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in U.S. government securities and repurchase agreements collateralized solely by U.S. government securities.

U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, substantially all (and at least 99.5%) of its total assets in cash, securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or by a person controlled or supervised by and acting as an instrumentality of the U.S. government pursuant to authority granted by the Congress of the United States or any certificate of deposit for any of the foregoing, and repurchase agreements that are fully collateralized by cash or such securities. Subject to the foregoing 99.5% investment strategy requirement, under normal circumstances, the Fund will seek to acquire only those U.S. government securities paying interest that generally is exempt from state income taxation. The Fund, under normal circumstances, will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in U.S. government securities and repurchase agreements collateralized solely by U.S. government securities.

The U.S. Government Money Market Fund and U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund each operate as a “government money market fund” as defined under Rule 2a-7 of the 1940 Act. As a “government money market fund” under Rule 2a-7, the Funds (1) use the amortized cost method of valuation to seek to maintain a stable NAV of $1.00 share price, and (2) are not required to impose a liquidity fee and/or a redemption gate on fund redemptions that might apply to other types of money market funds should certain triggering events specified in Rule 2a-7 occur.

ASSET-BACKED (INCLUDING MORTGAGE-BACKED) SECURITIES. To the extent described in the Prospectus, the Funds may purchase asset-backed securities, which are securities backed by mortgages, installment contracts, credit card receivables, municipal securities or other financial assets. The investment

characteristics of asset-backed securities differ from those of traditional fixed-income securities. Asset-backed securities represent interests in “pools” of assets in which payments of both interest and principal on the securities are made periodically, thus in effect “passing through” such payments made by the individual borrowers on the assets that underlie the securities, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of the securities. The average life of asset-backed securities varies with the maturities of the underlying instruments, and the average life of a mortgage-backed instrument, in particular, is likely to be substantially less than the original maturity of the mortgage pools underlying the securities as a result of mortgage prepayments. For this and other reasons, an asset-backed security normally is subject to both call risk and extension risk, and an asset-backed security’s stated maturity may be shortened. In addition, the security’s total return may be difficult to predict precisely. These differences can result in significantly greater price and yield volatility than is the case with traditional fixed-income securities.

If an asset-backed security is purchased at a premium, a prepayment rate that is faster than expected will reduce yield to maturity, while a prepayment rate that is slower than expected will have the opposite effect of increasing yield to maturity.

Conversely, if an asset-backed security is purchased at a discount, faster than expected prepayments will increase, while slower than expected prepayments will decrease, yield to maturity. In calculating a Fund’s average weighted maturity, the maturity of asset-backed securities will be based on estimates of average life. Prepayments on asset-backed securities generally increase with falling interest rates and decrease with rising interest rates; furthermore, prepayment rates are influenced by a variety of economic and social factors. In general, the collateral supporting non-mortgage asset-backed securities is of shorter maturity than mortgage loans and is less likely to experience substantial prepayments.

Asset-backed securities acquired by certain Funds may include collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”). CMOs provide the holder with a specified interest in the cash flow of a pool of underlying mortgages or other mortgage-backed securities. Issuers of CMOs ordinarily elect to be taxed as pass-through entities known as real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”). CMOs are issued in multiple classes, each with a specified fixed or floating interest rate and a final distribution date. The relative payment rights of the various CMO classes may be structured in a variety of ways, and normally are considered derivative securities. In some cases CMOs may be highly leveraged and very speculative. The Funds will not purchase “residual” CMO interests, which normally exhibit greater price volatility.

There are a number of important differences among the agencies, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises of the U.S. government that issue mortgage-related securities and among the securities that they issue. Mortgage-related securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) include Ginnie Mae Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, which are guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by Ginnie Mae and backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, which means that the U.S. government guarantees that the interest and principal will be paid when due. Ginnie Mae is a wholly-owned U.S. government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Ginnie Mae certificates also are supported by the authority of Ginnie Mae to borrow funds from the U.S. Treasury to make payments under its guarantee.

Mortgage-backed securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) include Fannie Mae Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, which are solely the obligations of Fannie Mae and are not backed by or entitled to the full faith and credit of the United States, except as described below, but are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury. Fannie Mae is a stockholder-owned corporation chartered under an Act of the U.S. Congress. Fannie Mae certificates are guaranteed as to timely payment of the principal and interest by Fannie Mae. Mortgage-related securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) include Freddie Mac Mortgage Participation Certificates. Freddie Mac is a corporate instrumentality of the United States, created pursuant to an Act of Congress. Freddie Mac certificates are not guaranteed by the United States or by any Federal Home Loan Banks and do not

constitute a debt or obligation of the United States or of any Federal Home Loan Bank. Freddie Mac certificates entitle the holder to timely payment of interest, which is guaranteed by Freddie Mac. Freddie Mac guarantees either ultimate collection or timely payment of all principal payments on the underlying mortgage loans. When Freddie Mac does not guarantee timely payment of principal, Freddie Mac may remit the amount due on account of its guarantee of ultimate payment of principal after default.

From time to time, proposals have been introduced before Congress for the purpose of restricting or eliminating federal sponsorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The Trust cannot predict what legislation, if any, may be proposed in the future in Congress with regard to such sponsorship or which proposals, if any, might be enacted. Such proposals, if enacted, might materially and adversely affect the availability of government guaranteed mortgage-backed securities and the Funds’ liquidity and value.

There is risk that the U.S. government will not provide financial support to its agencies, authorities, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. A Fund may purchase U.S. government securities that are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, such as those issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The maximum potential liability of the issuers of some U.S. government securities held by a Fund may greatly exceed their current resources, including their legal right to support from the U.S. Treasury. It is possible that these issuers will not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future.

The volatility and disruption that impacted the capital and credit markets during late 2008 and into 2009 have led to increased market concerns about Freddie Mac’s and Fannie Mae’s ability to withstand future credit losses associated with securities held in their investment portfolios, and on which they provide guarantees, without the direct support of the federal government. On September 7, 2008, both Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae were placed under the conservatorship of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”).

Under the plan of conservatorship, the FHFA has assumed control of, and generally has the power to direct, the operations of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and is empowered to exercise all powers collectively held by their respective shareholders, directors and officers, including the power to: (1) take over the assets of and operate Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae with all the powers of the shareholders, the directors, and the officers of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and conduct all business of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (2) collect all obligations and money due to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (3) perform all functions of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae that are consistent with the conservator’s appointment; (4) preserve and conserve the assets and property of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; and (5) contract for assistance in fulfilling any function, activity, action or duty of the conservator. In addition, in connection with the actions taken by the FHFA, the U.S. Treasury Department (the “Treasury”) entered into certain preferred stock purchase agreements with each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, which established the Treasury as the holder of a new class of senior preferred stock in each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, which stock was issued in connection with financial contributions from the Treasury to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae.

The conditions attached to the financial contribution made by the Treasury to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and the issuance of this senior preferred stock placed significant restrictions on the activities of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae must obtain the consent of the Treasury to, among other things: (i) make any payment to purchase or redeem its capital stock or pay any dividend other than in respect of the senior preferred stock issued to the Treasury, (ii) issue capital stock of any kind, (iii) terminate the conservatorship of the FHFA except in connection with a receivership, or (iv) increase its debt beyond certain specified levels. In addition, significant restrictions were placed on the maximum size of each of Freddie Mac’s and Fannie Mae’s respective portfolios of mortgages and mortgage-backed securities, and the purchase agreements entered into by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae provide that the maximum size of their portfolios of these assets must decrease by a specified percentage each year. The future status and role of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae could be impacted by (among other things): the actions taken and restrictions placed on Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae by the FHFA in its role as conservator; the restrictions placed on Freddie Mac’s and Fannie Mae’s operations and activities as a result of the senior preferred stock investment made by the Treasury; market

responses to developments at Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; and future legislative and regulatory action that alters the operations, ownership, structure and/or mission of these institutions, each of which may, in turn, impact the value of, and cash flows on, any mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, including any such mortgage-backed securities held by the Funds.

The economic recession that commenced in the United States in 2008 introduced a period of heightened levels of default on receivables and loans underlying asset-backed securities than were historically experienced. A future economic downturn could increase the risk that such assets underlying asset-backed securities purchased by the Funds will also suffer greater levels of default than were historically experienced.

In addition, privately issued mortgage-backed securities (as well as other types of asset-backed securities) do not have the backing of any U.S. government agency, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise. The seller or servicer of the underlying mortgage obligations generally will make representations and warranties to certificate-holders as to certain characteristics of the mortgage loans and as to the accuracy of certain information furnished to the trustee in respect of each such mortgage loan. Upon a breach of any representation or warranty that materially and adversely affects the interests of the related certificate-holders in a mortgage loan, the seller or servicer generally will be obligated either to cure the breach in all material respects, to repurchase the mortgage loan or, if the related agreement so provides, to substitute in its place a mortgage loan pursuant to the conditions set forth therein. Such a repurchase or substitution obligation may constitute the sole remedy available to the related certificate-holders or the trustee for the material breach of any such representation or warranty by the seller or servicer. To provide additional investor protection, some mortgage-backed securities may have various types of credit enhancements, reserve funds, subordination provisions or other features. Non-mortgage asset-backed securities involve certain risks that are not presented by mortgage-backed securities. Primarily, these securities do not have the benefit of the same security interest in the underlying collateral. Credit card receivables generally are unsecured and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which have given debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. Most issuers of automobile receivables permit the servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the related automobile receivables. In addition, because of the large number of vehicles involved in a typical issuance and technical requirements under state laws, the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may not have an effective security interest in all of the obligations backing such receivables. Therefore, there is a possibility that recoveries on repossessed collateral may not, in some cases, be able to support payments on these securities.

Asset-backed securities acquired by the Funds may also include collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”). CDOs include collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”) and collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and other similarly structured securities.

A CBO is a trust or other special purpose entity (“SPE”) that is typically backed by a diversified pool of fixed-income securities (which may include high risk, below investment grade securities). A CLO is a trust or other SPE that is typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and non-U.S. senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. Investments in CLOs organized outside of the United States may not be deemed to be foreign securities if a CLO is collateralized by a pool of loans, a substantial portion of which are U.S. loans. Although certain CDOs may receive credit enhancement in the form of a senior-subordinate structure, over-collateralization or bond insurance, such enhancement may not always be present and may fail to protect a Fund against the risk of loss on default of the collateral. Certain CDOs may use derivatives contracts to create “synthetic” exposure to assets rather than holding such assets directly, which entails the risks of derivative instruments described elsewhere in this SAI. CDOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses, which are in addition to those of a Fund.

For both CBOs and CLOs, the cash flows from the SPE are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche, which bears the first loss from defaults from the bonds or loans in the SPE and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default (though such protection is not complete). Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CBO or CLO typically has higher ratings and lower yields than its underlying securities, and may be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CBO or CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as investor aversion to CBO or CLO securities as a class. Interest on certain tranches of a CDO may be paid in kind (paid in the form of obligations of the same type rather than cash), which involves continued exposure to default risk with respect to such payments.

The risks of an investment in a CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the CDO in which a Fund invests. Normally, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CDOs may be characterized by a Fund as illiquid securities. However, an active dealer market may exist for CDOs, allowing a CDO to qualify for Rule 144A transactions. In addition to the normal risks associated with fixed-income securities and asset-backed securities generally discussed elsewhere in this SAI, CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) a Fund may invest in tranches of CDOs that are subordinate to other tranches; (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results; and (v) the CDO’s manager may perform poorly or default.

BORROWINGS. The Funds may engage in borrowing transactions as a means of raising cash to satisfy redemption requests, for other temporary or emergency purposes or, to the extent permitted by their investment policies, to raise additional cash to be invested in other securities or instruments in an effort to increase the Funds’ investment returns. Reverse repurchase agreements may be considered to be a type of borrowing.

When the Funds invest borrowing proceeds in other securities, the Funds will be at risk for any fluctuations in the market value of the securities in which the proceeds are invested. Like other leveraging risks, this makes the value of an investment in the Funds more volatile and increases a Fund’s overall investment exposure. In addition, if a Fund’s return on its investment of the borrowing proceeds does not equal or exceed the interest that the Fund is obligated to pay under the terms of a borrowing, engaging in these transactions will lower the Fund’s return.

The Funds may be required to liquidate portfolio securities at a time when it would be disadvantageous to do so in order to make payments with respect to their borrowing obligations. This could adversely affect a Fund’s strategy and result in lower returns. Interest on any borrowings will be a Fund expense and will reduce the value of the Funds’ shares. The Funds may borrow on a secured or on an unsecured basis. If a Fund enters into a secured borrowing arrangement, a portion of the Fund’s assets will be used as collateral. During the term of the borrowing, the Funds will remain at risk for any fluctuations in the market value of these assets in addition to any securities purchased with the proceeds of the loan. In addition, the Funds may be unable to sell the collateral at a time when it would be advantageous to do so, which could adversely affect the Fund’s strategy and result in lower returns. The Funds would also be subject to the risk that the lender may file for bankruptcy, become insolvent, or otherwise default on its obligations to return the collateral to the Funds. In the event of a default by the lender, there may be delays, costs and risks of loss involved in a Fund’s exercising its rights with respect to the collateral or those rights may be limited by other contractual agreements or obligations or by applicable law.

COMMERCIAL PAPER, BANKERS’ ACCEPTANCES, CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT, TIME DEPOSITS AND BANK NOTES. To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Funds may invest in commercial paper. Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by banks or bank holding companies, corporations and finance

companies. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a specified return. Bankers’ acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are “accepted” by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.

Fixed time deposits are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties that vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. There are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third party. Bank notes generally rank junior to deposit liabilities of banks and pari passu with other senior, unsecured obligations of the bank. Bank notes are classified as “other borrowings” on a bank’s balance sheet, while deposit notes and certificates of deposit are classified as deposits. Bank notes are not insured by the FDIC or any other insurer. Deposit notes are insured by the FDIC only to the extent of $250,000 per depositor per bank.

The Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund, to the extent such obligations are U.S. dollar-denominated, may invest a portion of their assets in the obligations of foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks. Such obligations include Eurodollar Certificates of Deposit (“ECDs”), which are U.S. dollar-denominated certificates of deposit issued by offices of foreign and domestic banks located outside the United States; Eurodollar Time Deposits (“ETDs”), which are U.S. dollar-denominated deposits in a foreign branch of a U.S. bank or a foreign bank; Canadian Time Deposits (“CTDs”), which are essentially the same as ETDs except they are issued by Canadian offices of major Canadian banks; Schedule Bs, which are obligations issued by Canadian branches of foreign or domestic banks; Yankee Certificates of Deposit (“Yankee CDs”), which are U.S. dollar-denominated certificates of deposit issued by a U.S. branch of a foreign bank and held in the United States; and Yankee Bankers’ Acceptances (“Yankee BAs”), which are U.S. dollar-denominated bankers’ acceptances issued by a U.S. branch of a foreign bank and held in the United States.

Commercial paper is generally unsecured and usually discounted from its value at maturity. The value of commercial paper may be affected by changes in the credit rating or financial condition of the issuing entities and will tend to fall when interest rates rise and rise when interest rates fall. Investments in commercial paper are subject to the risk that the issuer cannot issue enough new commercial paper to satisfy its obligations with respect to its outstanding commercial paper, also known as rollover risk. Commercial paper is also susceptible to changes in the issuer’s financial condition or credit quality. In addition, under certain circumstances commercial paper may become illiquid or may suffer from reduced liquidity. Commercial paper purchased by certain Funds may include asset-backed commercial paper. Asset-backed commercial paper is issued by a SPE that is organized to issue the commercial paper and to purchase trade receivables or other financial assets. The credit quality of asset-backed commercial paper depends primarily on the quality of these assets and the level of any additional credit support. The repayment of asset-backed commercial paper depends primarily on the cash collections received from such an issuer’s underlying asset portfolio and the issuer’s ability to issue new asset-backed commercial paper.

Since certain Funds may hold investments in non-U.S. bank obligations, an investment in the Funds involves certain additional risks. Such investment risks include future political and economic developments, the possible imposition of non-U.S. withholding taxes on interest income payable on such obligations held by the Funds, the possible seizure or nationalization of non-U.S. deposits and the possible establishment of exchange controls or other non-U.S. governmental laws or restrictions applicable to the payment of the principal of and interest on certificates of deposit or fixed time deposits that might affect adversely such payment on such obligations held by the Funds. Additionally, there may be less public information available about non-U.S. entities. Non-U.S. issuers may be subject to less governmental regulation and supervision than U.S. issuers. Non-U.S. issuers also generally are not bound by uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. issuers. See also “Foreign Investments—General” beginning on page 11.

CUSTODIAL RECEIPTS FOR TREASURY SECURITIES. To the extent consistent with their investment objectives and strategies, the Funds (other than the U.S. Government Money Market Fund and U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund) may acquire U.S. government obligations and their unmatured interest coupons that have been separated (“stripped”) by their holder, typically a custodian bank or investment brokerage firm. Having separated the interest coupons from the underlying principal of the U.S. government obligations, the holder will resell the stripped securities in custodial receipt programs with a number of different names, such as TIGRs (Treasury Income Growth Receipts) and CATS (Certificates of Accrual on Treasury Securities). The stripped coupons are sold separately from the underlying principal, which usually is sold at a deep discount because the buyer receives only the right to receive a future fixed payment on the security and does not receive any rights to periodic interest (cash) payments. The underlying U.S. Treasury bonds and notes themselves are held in book-entry form at the Federal Reserve Bank or, in the case of bearer securities (i.e., unregistered securities, which are ostensibly owned by the bearer or holder), in trust on behalf of the owners. Counsel to the underwriters of these certificates or other evidences of ownership of U.S. Treasury securities have stated that, in their opinion, purchasers of the stripped securities most likely will be deemed the beneficial holders of the underlying U.S. government obligations for federal tax purposes. The Trust is unaware of any binding legislative, judicial or administrative authority on this issue. Custodial receipts may not be considered obligations of the U.S. government or other issuer of the security held by the custodian for the purposes of securities laws. If for tax purposes a Fund is not considered to be the owner of the securities held in the underlying trust or custodial account, the Fund may suffer adverse tax consequences. As a holder of custodial receipts, the Fund will bear its proportionate share of the fees or expenses charged to the custodial account.

CYBERSECURITY RISK. With the increased use of technologies such as mobile devices and Web-based or “cloud” applications, and the dependence on the Internet and computer systems to conduct business, the Funds are susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. In general, cybersecurity incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events (arising from external or internal sources) that may cause the Funds to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, physical damage to a computer or network system or lose operational capacity. Cybersecurity attacks include, but are not limited to, infection by malicious software, such as malware or computer viruses or gaining unauthorized access to digital systems, networks or devices that are used to service the Funds’ operations (e.g., through “hacking,” “phishing” or malicious software coding) or other means for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cybersecurity attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on the Funds’ websites (i.e., efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users). In addition, authorized persons could inadvertently or intentionally release confidential or proprietary information stored on the Funds’ systems.

Cybersecurity incidents affecting the Investment Adviser, other service providers (including, but not limited to, the sub-administrator, custodian, sub-custodians, transfer agent and financial intermediaries) or the Funds’ shareholders have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses to both the Funds and shareholders, interference with the Funds’ ability to calculate their NAV, impediments to trading, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business and the Funds to process transactions (including fulfillment of Fund share purchases and redemptions), violations of applicable privacy and other laws (including the release of private shareholder information) and attendant breach notification and credit monitoring costs, regulatory fines, penalties, litigation costs, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, forensic investigation and remediation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. Similar adverse consequences could result from cybersecurity incidents affecting issuers of securities in which the Funds invest, counterparties with which the Funds engage in transactions, governmental and other regulatory authorities, exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies and other financial institutions (including financial intermediaries and other service providers) and other parties. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to safeguard against and reduce the risk of any cybersecurity incidents in the future. In addition to administrative, technological and procedural safeguards, the Investment Adviser has established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent or reduce the impact of, such cybersecurity incidents. However, there are inherent limitations in such plans and

systems, including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified, as well as the rapid development of new threats. Furthermore, the Funds and their investment adviser have limited ability to prevent or mitigate cybersecurity incidents affecting third-party service providers, and the Funds cannot control the cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by their service providers or any other third parties whose operations may affect the Funds or their shareholders. The Funds and their shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.

DEMAND FEATURES AND GUARANTEES. To the extent consistent with Rule 2a-7 of the 1940 Act, its investment objective and strategies, each Fund may invest a significant percentage of its assets in securities that have demand features, guarantees or similar credit and liquidity enhancements. A demand feature permits the holder of the security to sell the security within a specified period of time at a stated exercise price and entitles the holder of the security to receive an amount equal to the approximate amortized cost of the security plus accrued interest. A guarantee permits the holder of the security to receive, upon presentment to the guarantor, the principal amount of the underlying security plus accrued interest when due or upon default. A guarantee is the unconditional obligation of an entity other than the issuer of the security. Demand features and guarantees can effectively:

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shorten the maturity of a variable or floating rate security;

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enhance the security’s credit quality; and

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enhance the ability to sell the security.

The aggregate price for a security subject to a demand feature or a guarantee may be higher than the price that would otherwise be paid for the security without the guarantee or the demand feature. When a Fund purchases securities subject to guarantees or demand features, there is an increase in the cost of the underlying security and a corresponding reduction in its yield. Securities with demand features may involve certain expenses and risks, including the inability of the issuer of the security to pay for the underlying securities at the time the demand is exercised, non-marketability of the security and differences between the maturity of the underlying security and the maturity of the demand security. Because each Fund invests in securities backed by banks and other financial institutions, changes in the credit quality of these institutions could cause losses to the Fund.

FOREIGN INVESTMENTS—GENERAL. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, each Fund may invest in U.S. dollar-denominated foreign securities, including bonds and other fixed income securities of foreign issuers, and may also agree to enter into repurchase agreement transactions with foreign financial institutions. Foreign fixed-income securities may include eurodollar convertible securities, which are fixed-income securities that are issued in U.S. dollars outside the United States and are convertible into or exchangeable for equity securities of the same or a different issuer. The Money Market Fund also may invest in U.S. dollar-denominated obligations issued or guaranteed by one or more foreign governments or any of their political subdivisions, agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises, as well as other foreign issuers. These obligations may be issued by supranational entities, including international organizations (such as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (also known as the World Bank)) designed or supported by governmental entities to promote economic reconstruction or development and international banking institutions and related government agencies.

Investment in foreign securities involves special risks. These include market risk, interest rate risk and the risks of investing in securities of foreign issuers and of companies whose securities are principally traded outside the United States on foreign exchanges or foreign over-the-counter markets. Market risk involves the possibility that security prices will decline over short or even extended periods. The markets tend to be cyclical, with periods of generally rising prices and periods of generally declining prices. These cycles will affect the value of a Fund to the extent that it invests in foreign securities. The holdings of the Funds, to the extent that they invest in fixed-income securities, will be sensitive to changes in interest rates and the interest rate environment. Generally, the prices of bonds and debt securities fluctuate inversely with interest rate changes.

There are other risks and costs involved in investing in foreign securities, which are in addition to the usual risks inherent in domestic investments. Investment in foreign securities involves higher costs than investment in U.S. securities, including higher transaction and custody costs as well as the imposition of additional taxes by foreign governments. Foreign investments also involve risks associated with less complete financial information about the issuers, less market liquidity, more market volatility and political instability. Future political, financial, social and economic developments in foreign countries (including, for example, military confrontations, war and terrorism), the possible imposition of withholding taxes on dividend income, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign holdings, the possible establishment of exchange controls or freezes on the convertibility of currency, trade restrictions (including tariffs), or the adoption of other governmental restrictions might adversely affect an investment in foreign securities. Additionally, foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks are subject to less stringent reserve requirements, and to different accounting, auditing and recordkeeping requirements. Also, the legal remedies for investors may be more limited than the remedies available in the United States. Additionally, many countries throughout the world are dependent on a healthy U.S. economy and are adversely affected when the U.S. economy weakens or its markets decline. For example, the decline in the U.S. subprime mortgage market quickly spread throughout global credit markets, triggering a liquidity crisis that affected fixed-income and equity markets around the world.

The energy, materials and agriculture sectors may account for a large portion of a foreign country’s exports. Any changes in these sectors or fluctuations in the commodity markets could have an adverse impact on a country’s economy. Commodity prices may be influenced or characterized by unpredictable factors, including where applicable, high volatility, changes in supply and demand relationships, weather, agriculture, trade, pestilence, changes in interest rates and monetary and other governmental policies, action and inaction. Securities of companies held by a Fund that are dependent on a single commodity, or are concentrated in a single commodity sector, may typically exhibit even higher volatility attributable to commodity prices.

European countries can be affected by the significant fiscal and monetary controls that the European Economic and Monetary Union (“EMU”) imposes for membership. Europe’s economies are diverse, its governments are decentralized, and its cultures vary widely. Several European Union (“EU”) countries, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Spain and Portugal, have faced budget issues, some of which may have negative long-term effects for the economies of those countries and other EU countries. There is continued concern about national-level support for the euro and the accompanying coordination of fiscal and wage policy among EMU member countries. Member countries are required to maintain tight control over inflation, public debt, and budget deficit to qualify for membership in the EMU. These requirements can severely limit the ability of EMU member countries to implement monetary policy to address regional economic conditions.

In June of 2016, the United Kingdom (the “UK”) approved a referendum to leave the EU, commonly referred to as “Brexit,” which sparked depreciation in the value of the British pound and heightened risk of continued worldwide economic volatility. Pursuant to Article 50 of the Treaty of Lisbon, the UK gave notice in March 2017 of its withdrawal from the EU and commenced negotiations on the terms of withdrawal. It is unclear what the potential consequences of the UK’s withdrawal may be. It is possible that measures could be taken to revote the issue of the withdrawal, or that regions of the UK could seek to separate and remain a part of the EU. As a result of the anticipated withdrawal, a Fund may be exposed to volatile trading markets and significant and unpredictable currency fluctuations over a short period of time, and potentially lower economic growth in the UK, Europe and globally. Securities issued by companies domiciled in the UK could be subject to changing regulatory and tax regimes. Banking and financial services companies that operate in the UK or EU could be disproportionately impacted by these actions.

The terms and date of withdrawal remain in flux as of the date of this SAI. Brexit and particularly a hard Brexit, (i.e., an exit in which the UK leaves not only the EU but also the EU single market and EU customs union, and without agreements in trade, finance and other key elements) may cause greater market volatility and illiquidity, currency fluctuations, deterioration in economic activity, a decrease in business confidence, and increased likelihood of a recession in the UK. This may increase redemptions from Funds that hold impacted

securities or cause the value of a Fund’s securities that are economically tied to the UK or EU to decline. Market factors, such as the demand for particular portfolio securities, may cause the price of certain portfolio securities to fall while the price of other securities rise or remain unchanged. Further insecurity in EU membership or the abandonment of the euro could exacerbate market and currency volatility and negatively impact the Funds’ investments in securities issued by companies located in EU countries. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is not clear but could be significant and far-reaching.

Many non-governmental issuers, and even certain governments, have defaulted on, or been forced to restructure, their debts; many other issuers have faced difficulties obtaining credit or refinancing existing obligations; financial institutions have in many cases required government or central bank support, have needed to raise capital, and/or have been impaired in their ability to extend credit; and financial markets in Europe and elsewhere have experienced extreme volatility and declines in asset values and liquidity. These difficulties may continue, worsen or spread within and without Europe. Responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not work, may result in social unrest and may limit future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences.

Further defaults or restructurings by governments and others of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world.

To the extent consistent with their investment objectives and strategies, certain Funds may invest in foreign debt, including the securities of foreign governments. Several risks exist concerning such investments, including the risk that foreign governments may default on their obligations, may not respect the integrity of such debt, may attempt to renegotiate the debt at a lower rate, and may not honor investments by U.S. entities or citizens.

Dividends and interest payable on a Fund’s foreign portfolio securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes. To the extent such taxes are not offset by credits or deductions allowed to investors under U.S. federal income tax law, they may reduce the net return to the shareholders. See “Taxes” beginning on page 67.

The Funds’ income and, in some cases, capital gains from foreign stocks and securities will be subject to applicable taxation in certain of the countries in which they invest, and treaties between the United States and such countries may not be available in some cases to reduce the otherwise applicable tax rates. See “Taxes” beginning on page 67.

Foreign securities are generally held outside the United States in the primary market for the securities in the custody of certain eligible foreign banks and trust companies, as permitted under the 1940 Act (“foreign sub-custodians”). Settlement practices for foreign securities may differ from those in the United States. Some countries have limited governmental oversight and regulation of industry practices, stock exchanges, depositories, registrars, brokers and listed companies, which increases the risk of corruption and fraud and the possibility of losses to the Funds. In particular, under certain circumstances, foreign securities may settle on a delayed delivery basis, meaning that the Funds may be required to make payment for securities before the Funds have actually received delivery of the securities or deliver securities prior to the receipt of payment. Typically, in these cases, the Funds will receive evidence of ownership in accordance with the generally accepted settlement practices in the local market entitling the Funds to deliver payment at a future date, but there is a risk that the security will not be delivered to the Funds or that payment will not be received, although the Funds and their foreign sub-custodians take reasonable precautions to mitigate this risk.

Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Such delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when a portion of the assets of a Fund remains uninvested and no return is earned on such assets. The inability of a Fund to make intended security purchases or sales due to settlement problems could result in missed attractive investment opportunities, losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in value of the portfolio securities or, if the Fund has

entered into a contract to sell the securities, possible liability to the purchaser. Losses can also result from lost, stolen or counterfeit securities; defaults by brokers and banks; failures or defects of the settlement system; or poor and improper record keeping by registrars and issuers.

Certain Funds may invest a significant percentage of their assets in the securities of issuers located in geographic regions with securities markets that are highly developed, liquid and subject to extensive regulation, including Japan. Japan’s economy has historically lagged that of its Asian neighbors and other major developed economies, and it has experienced lengthy periods of recession and deterioration of its competitiveness. Although Japan has attempted to reform its political process and deregulate its economy to address the situation, there is no guarantee that these efforts will succeed.

Japan’s economy is heavily dependent upon international trade, and is especially sensitive to trade barriers and disputes. Domestic or foreign trade sanctions or other protectionist measures may also adversely impact Japan’s economy. In particular, Japan relies on large imports of agricultural products, raw materials and fuels. Japan also remains heavily dependent on oil imports, and a substantial rise in commodity prices, or a fall-off in Japan’s manufactured exports, may affect Japan’s economy adversely. Additionally, slowdowns in the economies of key trading partners such as the United States, China and countries in Southeast Asia could have a negative impact on the Japanese economy.

Furthermore, Japan has an aging workforce. It is a labor market undergoing fundamental structural changes, as traditional lifetime employment clashes with the need for increased labor mobility, which may adversely affect Japan’s economic competitiveness.

The Japanese yen has fluctuated widely at times and any increase in its value may cause a decline in exports that could weaken the economy. The Japanese yen may also be affected by currency volatility elsewhere in Asia, particularly Southeast Asia.

The Japanese securities markets are less regulated than the U.S. markets. Evidence has emerged from time to time of distortion of market prices to serve political or other purposes. Shareholders’ rights also are not always enforced.

Japan has had territorial disputes and/or defense issues with China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, among others. In the past several years, Japan’s relationship with North Korea has been especially strained because of increased nuclear and military activity by North Korea. Japan’s disputes with neighboring countries have the potential to cause uncertainty in the Japanese markets and affect the overall Japanese economy in times of crisis.

Japan is located in a part of the world that has historically been prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes and tsunamis and is economically sensitive to environmental events. Any such event could result in a significant adverse impact on the Japanese economy.

FOREIGN INVESTMENTS—LIQUIDITY AND TRADING VOLUME RISKS. A Fund that invests a significant percentage of its assets in foreign securities may be subject to the liquidity and trading volume risks associated with international investing. Due to market conditions, including uncertainty regarding the price of a security, it may be difficult for the Fund to buy or sell foreign portfolio securities at a desirable time or price, which could result in investment losses. This risk of portfolio illiquidity is heightened with respect to small- and mid-cap securities, generally, and foreign small- and mid-cap securities in particular. A Fund may have to lower the selling price, liquidate other investments, or forego another, more appealing investment opportunity as a result of illiquidity in the markets. The Investment Adviser will fair value in good faith any securities it deems to be illiquid under consistently applied procedures established by the Board. Market conditions are always changing and vary by country and industry sector, and investing in international markets involves unique risks. In the wake of the 2007-2009 financial crisis, trading volumes in both emerging and developed international

markets declined significantly and have stayed at generally reduced levels since then. Although it is difficult to accurately assess trends in trading volumes in foreign markets, because some amount of activity has migrated to alternative trading venues, a reduction in trading volumes may pose challenges to a Fund. This is particularly so for Funds that invest in small- and mid-cap companies, which usually have lower trading volumes and take sizeable positions in portfolio companies. As a result of lower trading volumes, it may take longer to buy or sell the securities of such companies, which can exacerbate a Fund’s exposure to volatile markets. A Fund may also be limited in its ability to execute favorable trades in foreign portfolio securities in response to changes in company prices and fundamentals. If a Fund is forced to sell securities to meet redemption requests or other cash needs, or in the case of an event affecting liquidity in a particular market or markets, it may be forced to dispose of those securities under disadvantageous circumstances and at a loss. As a Fund grows in size, these considerations take on increasing significance and may adversely impact performance.

FORWARD COMMITMENTS, WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES AND DELAYED-DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS. Each Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued basis or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment (sometimes called delayed-delivery) basis. These transactions involve a commitment by a Fund to purchase or sell securities at a future date. The price of the underlying securities (usually expressed in terms of yield) and the date when the securities will be delivered and paid for (the settlement date) are fixed at the time the transaction is negotiated. When-issued purchases and forward commitment transactions normally are negotiated directly with the other party. In addition, recently finalized rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) include mandatory margin requirements that require a Fund to post collateral in connection with its To Be Announced (“TBA”) transactions. There is no similar requirement applicable to a Fund’s TBA counterparties. The required collateralization of TBA trades could increase the cost of TBA transactions to a Fund and impose added operational complexity.

A Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued basis or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis only with the intention of completing the transaction and actually purchasing or selling the securities. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, a Fund may dispose of or negotiate a commitment after entering into it. A Fund also may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. A Fund may realize a capital gain or loss in connection with these transactions.

When a Fund purchases securities on a when-issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment basis, the Fund will segregate liquid assets having a value (determined daily) at least equal to the amount of the Fund’s purchase commitments or will otherwise cover its position. These procedures are designed to ensure that a Fund will maintain sufficient assets at all times to cover its obligations under when-issued purchases, forward commitments and delayed-delivery transactions. For purposes of determining a Fund’s average dollar-weighted maturity, the maturity of when-issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment securities will be calculated from the commitment date.

ILLIQUID OR RESTRICTED INVESTMENTS. Pursuant to Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act, each Fund may invest up to 5% of its net assets in illiquid investments. An illiquid investment is an investment that a Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions within 7 calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment.

The Funds may purchase commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”) and investments that are not registered under the 1933 Act but can be sold to “qualified institutional buyers” in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. These investments will not be considered illiquid so long as the Investment Adviser determines, under guidelines approved by the Board, that an adequate trading market exists. This practice could increase the level of illiquidity during any period that qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in purchasing these investments. To the extent an investment held by a Fund is deemed to be an illiquid investment or a less liquid investment, the Fund will be exposed to greater liquidity risk.

The Trust has implemented a liquidity risk management program and related procedures to identify illiquid investments pursuant to Rule 22e-4, and the Trustees have approved the designation of the Investment Adviser to administer the Trust’s liquidity risk management program and related procedures.

INFLATION-INDEXED SECURITIES. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, each Fund may invest in inflation-indexed securities, which are fixed-income securities whose value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. Two structures are common: the U.S. Treasury and some other issuers utilize a structure that accrues inflation into the principal value of the security; most other issuers pay out the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) accruals as part of a semi-annual coupon.

Inflation-indexed securities issued by the U.S. Treasury have varying maturities and pay interest on a semi-annual basis equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. If the periodic adjustment rate measuring inflation falls, the principal value of inflation-indexed bonds will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed in the case of U.S. Treasury inflation-indexed bonds, even during a period of deflation. However, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed and will fluctuate. If a Fund purchases inflation-indexed securities on the secondary market whose principal values have been adjusted upward due to inflation since issuance, the Fund may experience a loss if there is a subsequent period of deflation. A Fund also may invest in other inflation-related bonds that may or may not provide a similar guarantee. If a guarantee of principal is not provided, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal amount.

The value of inflation-indexed bonds is expected to change in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates in turn are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if the rate of inflation rises at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-indexed bonds. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-indexed bonds. Any increase in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond will be considered taxable ordinary income, even though investors do not receive their principal until maturity.

While these securities are expected to be protected from long-term inflationary trends, short-term increases in inflation may lead to a decline in value. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates), investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the bond’s inflation measure.

The periodic adjustment of U.S. inflation-indexed bonds is tied to the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (“CPI-U”), which is calculated monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPI-U is a measurement of changes in the cost of living, made up of components such as housing, food, transportation and energy. Inflation-indexed bonds issued by a foreign government are generally adjusted to reflect a comparable inflation index calculated by that government. There can be no assurance that the CPI-U or any foreign inflation index will accurately measure the real rate of inflation in the prices of goods and services. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the rate of inflation in a foreign country will be correlated to the rate of inflation in the United States.

The taxation of inflation-indexed Treasury securities is similar to the taxation of conventional bonds. Both interest payments and the difference between original principal and the inflation-adjusted principal will be treated as interest income subject to taxation. Interest payments are taxable when received or accrued. The inflation adjustment to the principal is subject to tax in the year the adjustment is made, not at maturity of the security when the cash from the repayment of principal is received. If an upward adjustment has been made (which typically should happen), investors in non-tax-deferred accounts will pay taxes on this amount currently. Decreases in the indexed principal can be deducted only from current or previous interest payments reported as income. Inflation-indexed Treasury securities therefore have a potential cash flow mismatch to an investor,

because investors must pay taxes on the inflation-adjusted principal before the repayment of principal is received. It is possible that, particularly for high income tax bracket investors, inflation-indexed Treasury securities would not generate enough income in a given year to cover the tax liability they could create. This is similar to the current tax treatment for zero-coupon bonds and other discount securities. If inflation-indexed Treasury securities are sold prior to maturity, capital losses or gains are realized in the same manner as traditional bonds. The Funds, however, distribute income on a monthly basis. Fund investors will receive dividends that represent both the interest payments and the principal adjustments of the inflation-indexed securities held in the Fund.

INSURANCE FUNDING AGREEMENTS. To the extent consistent with their investment objectives and strategies, the Funds may invest in insurance funding agreements (“IFAs”). An IFA is normally a general obligation of the issuing insurance company and not a separate account. The purchase price paid for an IFA becomes part of the general assets of the insurance company, and the contract is paid from the company’s general assets. Generally, IFAs are not assignable or transferable without the permission of the issuing insurance companies, and an active secondary market in IFAs may not exist. Therefore, IFAs will be subject to a Fund’s limitation on illiquid investments when the Fund may not demand payment of the principal amount within seven days and a reliable trading market is absent.

INVESTMENT COMPANIES. With respect to the investments of the Funds in the securities of other affiliated and unaffiliated investment companies, such investments generally will be limited so that, as determined after a purchase is made, either: (a) not more than 3% of the total outstanding stock of such investment company will be owned by a Fund, the Trust as a whole and its affiliated persons (as defined in the 1940 Act); or (b) (i) not more than 5% of the value of the total assets of a Fund will be invested in the securities of any one investment company, (ii) not more than 10% of the value of its total assets will be invested in the aggregate in securities of investment companies as a group, and (iii) not more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company will be owned by the Fund. Pursuant to an exemptive order, the limits will not apply to the investment of securities lending collateral by the Funds in certain investment portfolios advised by NTI. In addition, these limits will not apply to the investment of uninvested cash balances in shares of registered or unregistered money market funds whether affiliated or unaffiliated. The foregoing exemption, however, only applies to an unregistered money market fund that (i) limits its investments to those in which a money market fund may invest under Rule 2a-7 of the 1940 Act, and (ii) undertakes to comply with all the other provisions of Rule 2a-7.

Investments by the Funds in other investment companies, including exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), will be subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act except as permitted by SEC orders. The Funds may rely on SEC orders that permit them to invest in certain ETFs beyond the limits contained in the 1940 Act, subject to certain terms and conditions. Generally, these terms and conditions require the Board to approve policies and procedures relating to certain of the Funds’ investments in ETFs. These policies and procedures require, among other things, that (i) the Investment Adviser conducts the Funds’ investment in ETFs without regard to any consideration received by the Funds or any of their affiliated persons and (ii) the Investment Adviser certifies to the Board quarterly that it has not received any consideration in connection with an investment by the Funds in an ETF, or if it has, the amount and purpose of the consideration will be reported to the Board and an equivalent amount of advisory fees shall be waived by the Investment Adviser.

Certain investment companies whose securities are purchased by the Funds may not be obligated to redeem such securities in an amount exceeding 1% of the investment company’s total outstanding securities during any period of less than 30 days. Therefore, such securities that exceed this amount may be illiquid.

If required by the 1940 Act, each Fund expects to vote the shares of other investment companies that are held by it in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of such securities.

To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, a Fund may invest all or substantially all of its assets in a single open-end investment company or series thereof with substantially the same investment

objective, strategy and restrictions as the Fund. However, each Fund currently intends to limit its investments in securities issued by other investment companies to the extent described above. A Fund may adhere to other limitations with respect to its investments in securities issued by other investment companies if required or permitted by the SEC or deemed to be in the best interests of the Trust. As noted in the Prospectus, a Fund may invest in securities of other investment companies subject to the restrictions set forth above.

LARGE TRADE NOTIFICATIONS. The transfer agent may from time to time receive notice that an authorized institution or other financial intermediary has received an order for a large trade in a Fund’s shares. The Investment Adviser may determine to enter into portfolio transactions in anticipation of that order, even though the order will not be processed until the following business day. This practice provides for a closer correlation between the time shareholders place trade orders and the time a Fund enters into portfolio transactions based on those orders, and permits a Fund to be more fully invested in investment securities, in the case of purchase orders, and to more orderly liquidate their investment positions, in the case of redemption orders. On the other hand, the authorized institution or other financial intermediary may not ultimately process the order. In this case, a Fund may be required to borrow assets to settle the portfolio transactions entered into in anticipation of that order, and would therefore incur borrowing costs. A Fund may also suffer investment losses on those portfolio transactions. Conversely, a Fund would benefit from any earnings and investment gains resulting from such portfolio transactions.

LIQUIDITY RISK. Liquidity risk is the risk that the Funds will not be able to pay redemption proceeds within the time periods described in a timely manner because of unusual market conditions, an unusually high volume of redemption requests, legal restrictions impairing the Funds’ ability to sell particular securities or close out derivative positions at an advantageous market price or other reasons. Certain portfolio securities may be less liquid than others, which may make them difficult or impossible to sell at the time and the price that the Funds would like or difficult to value. The Funds may have to lower the price, sell other securities instead or forgo an investment opportunity. In addition, less liquid securities may be more difficult to value and markets may become less liquid when there are fewer interested buyers or sellers or when dealers are unwilling or unable to make a market for certain securities. For the same reason, less liquid securities that the Funds may want to invest in may be difficult or impossible to purchase. Federal banking regulations may also cause certain dealers to reduce their inventories of certain securities, which may further decrease the Funds’ ability to buy or sell such securities. All of these risks may increase during periods of market turmoil and could have a negative effect on portfolio management or performance. These factors may result in the Money Market Fund or Municipal Money Market Fund imposing a liquidity fee or redemption gate that temporarily restricts shareholders’ ability to sell shares for up to 10 business days if such Fund’s liquidity falls below required minimums. See “Net Asset Value—Liquidity Fees and Redemption Gates—Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund” beginning on page 65. Liquidity risk may be the result of, among other things, the reduced number and capacity of traditional market participants to make a market in fixed income securities. The potential for liquidity risk may be magnified by a rising interest rate environment or other circumstances where investor redemptions from money market and other fixed income mutual funds may be higher than normal, potentially causing increased supply in the market due to selling activity. All of these risks may increase during periods of market volatility. The liquidity of certain assets, such as privately issued and non-investment grade mortgage- and asset-backed securities, may be difficult to ascertain and may change over time. Transactions in less liquid securities may entail transaction costs that are higher than those for transactions in more liquid securities.

MUNICIPAL INSTRUMENTS. To the extent consistent with their investment objectives and strategies, the Funds may invest in municipal instruments. The Municipal Money Market Fund invests its assets primarily in municipal instruments. Opinions relating to the validity of municipal instruments and to federal and state tax issues relating to these securities are rendered by bond counsel to the respective issuing authorities at the time of issuance. Such opinions may contain various assumptions, qualifications or exceptions that are reasonably acceptable to the Investment Adviser. Neither the Trust nor the Investment Adviser will review the proceedings relating to the issuance of municipal instruments or the bases for such opinions.

Municipal instruments generally are issued to finance public works, such as airports, bridges, highways, housing, health-related entities, transportation-related projects, educational programs, water and pollution control and sewer works. They also are issued to repay outstanding obligations, to raise funds for general operating expenses and to make loans to other public institutions and for other facilities. Municipal instruments include private activity bonds issued by or on behalf of public authorities. Private activity bonds are or have been issued to obtain funds to provide, among other things, privately operated housing facilities, pollution control facilities, convention or trade show facilities, mass transit, airport, port or parking facilities and certain local facilities for water supply, gas, electricity or sewage or solid waste disposal. Private activity bonds also are issued to privately held or publicly owned corporations in the financing of commercial or industrial facilities.

State and local governments are authorized in most states to issue private activity bonds for such purposes in order to encourage corporations to locate within their communities. The principal and interest on these obligations may be payable from the general revenues of the users of such facilities.

Municipal instruments include both “general” and “revenue” obligations. General obligations are secured by the issuer’s pledge of its full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Revenue obligations are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue source such as lease revenue payments from the user of the facility being financed. Industrial development bonds are in most cases revenue securities and are not payable from the unrestricted revenues of the issuer. Consequently, the credit quality of an industrial revenue bond usually is directly related to the credit standing of the private user of the facility involved.

Within the principal classifications of municipal instruments described above there are a variety of categories, including municipal bonds, municipal notes, municipal leases, asset-backed securities such as custodial receipts and participation certificates. Municipal notes include tax, revenue and bond anticipation notes of short maturity, generally less than three years, which are issued to obtain temporary funds for various public purposes. Municipal leases and participation certificates are obligations issued by state and local governments or authorities to finance the acquisition of equipment and facilities. Participation certificates may represent participation in a lease, an installment purchase contract, or a conditional sales contract. Certain municipal lease obligations (and related participation certificates) may include “non-appropriation” clauses, which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. Custodial receipts are underwritten by securities dealers or banks and evidence ownership of future interest payments, principal payments or both on certain municipal securities. Municipal leases (and participations in such leases) present the risk that a municipality will not appropriate funds for the lease payments. The Investment Adviser will determine the credit quality of any unrated municipal leases on an ongoing basis, including an assessment of the likelihood that the leases will not be canceled.

To the extent consistent with their investment objectives and strategies, the Funds also may invest in “moral obligation” bonds, which normally are issued by special purpose public authorities. If the issuer of a moral obligation bond is unable to meet its debt service obligations from current revenues, it may draw on a reserve fund (if such a fund has been established), the restoration of which is a moral commitment but not a legal obligation of the state or municipality that created the issuer.

Municipal bonds with a series of maturity dates are called serial bonds. To the extent consistent with their investment objectives and strategies, the Funds may purchase serial bonds and other long-term securities provided that they have remaining maturities meeting the Funds’ maturity requirements. The Funds also may purchase long-term variable and floating rate bonds (sometimes referred to as “put bonds”) where a Fund obtains at the time of purchase the right to put the bond back to the issuer or a third party at par at least every thirteen months. Put bonds with conditional puts (that is, puts that cannot be exercised if the issuer defaults on its payment obligations) will present risks that are different than those of other municipal instruments because of the possibility that the Fund might hold long-term put bonds on which defaults occur following acquisition by the Fund.

To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Funds may acquire securities in the form of custodial receipts evidencing rights to receive a specific future interest payment, principal payment or both on certain municipal obligations. Such obligations are held in custody by a bank on behalf of the holders of the receipts. These custodial receipts are known by various names, including “Municipal Receipts,” “Municipal Certificates of Accrual on Tax-Exempt Securities” (“M-CATS”) and “Municipal Zero-Coupon Receipts.” The Funds also may purchase certificates of participation that, in the opinion of counsel to the issuer, are exempt from regular federal income tax. Certificates of participation are a type of floating or variable rate of obligation that represents interests in a pool of municipal obligations held by a bank.

To the extent consistent with their investment objectives and strategies, the Funds may invest in “tax credit bonds.” A tax credit bond is defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) as a “qualified tax credit bond” (which includes a qualified forestry conservation bond, a new clean renewable energy bond, a qualified energy conservation bond and a qualified zone academy bond, each of which must meet certain requirements specified in the Code), a “build America bond” (which includes certain qualified bonds issued before January 1, 2011) or certain other specified bonds. On December 22, 2017, the President signed into law H.R. 1, originally known as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.” The law repeals the rules related to tax credit bonds and is effective for bonds issued after December 31, 2017, but does not affect the tax treatment of bonds issued prior to January 1, 2018.

An issuer’s obligations under its municipal instruments are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the Federal Bankruptcy Code, and laws, if any, which may be enacted by federal or state legislatures extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations or upon the ability of municipalities to levy taxes. The power or ability of an issuer to meet its obligations for the payment of interest on and principal of its municipal instruments may be materially adversely affected by litigation or other conditions.

From time to time, proposals have been introduced before Congress for the purpose of restricting or eliminating the federal income tax exemption for interest on municipal instruments. For example, under the Tax Reform Act of 1986, interest on certain private activity bonds must be included in an investor’s federal alternative minimum taxable income, and corporate investors must include all tax-exempt interest in their federal alternative minimum taxable income. Also, under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the rules related to credit tax bonds and the exclusion from gross income for interest on a bond issued to advance refund another bond were repealed. The Trust cannot predict what legislation, if any, may be proposed in the future in Congress as regards the federal income tax status of interest on municipal instruments or which proposals, if any, might be enacted. Such proposals, if enacted, might materially and adversely affect the availability of municipal instruments for investment by the Municipal Money Market Fund and the Fund’s liquidity and value. In such an event, the Board would reevaluate the Fund’s investment objectives and strategies and consider changes in their structure or possible dissolution.

Certain of the municipal instruments held by a Fund may be insured as to the timely payment of principal and interest. The insurance policies usually will be obtained by the issuer of the municipal instrument at the time of its original issuance. In the event that the issuer defaults on an interest or principal payment, the insurer will be notified and will be required to make payment to the bondholders. There is, however, no guarantee that the insurer will meet its obligations. In addition, such insurance will not protect against market fluctuations caused by changes in interest rates and other factors. Moreover, the insurers’ exposure to securities involving subprime mortgages may cause a municipal bond insurer’s rating to be downgraded or may cause the bond insurer to become insolvent, which may affect the prices and liquidity of municipal obligations insured by the insurance company. A Fund may invest more than 25% of its total assets in municipal instruments covered by insurance policies.

In addition, a single enhancement provider may provide credit enhancement to more than one of a Fund’s investments. Having multiple securities’ credit enhanced by the same enhancement provider will increase the adverse effects on a Fund that are likely to result from a downgrading of, or a default by, such an enhancement provider. Adverse developments in the banking or bond insurance industries also may negatively affect a Fund. Bond insurers that provide credit enhancement for large segments of the fixed-income markets, particularly the municipal bond market, may be more susceptible to being downgraded or defaulting during recessions or similar period of economic stress. Municipal bonds may be covered by insurance that guarantees timely interest payments and repayment of principal on maturity. If a bond’s insurer fails to fulfill its obligations or loses its credit rating, the value of the bond could drop. Insurance does not protect a Fund or its shareholders from losses caused by declines in a bond’s market value.

Municipal instruments purchased by the Funds may be backed by letters of credit or other forms of credit enhancement issued by foreign (as well as domestic) banks and other financial institutions. A change in the credit quality of these banks and financial institutions could, therefore, cause loss to a Fund that invests in municipal instruments. Letters of credit and other obligations of foreign financial institutions may involve certain risks in addition to those of domestic obligations.

To the extent consistent with their investment objectives and strategies, the Funds may invest in municipal leases, which may be considered liquid under guidelines established by the Board . The guidelines will provide for determination of the liquidity of a municipal lease obligation based on factors including the following: (i) the frequency of trades and quotes for the obligation; (ii) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential buyers; (iii) the willingness of dealers to undertake to make a market in the security; and (iv) the nature of the marketplace trades, including the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer. The Investment Adviser, under guidelines approved by the Board, also will consider the marketability of a municipal lease obligation based upon an analysis of the general credit quality of the municipality issuing the obligation and the essentiality to the municipality of the property covered by the lease.

Currently, it is not the intention of the Municipal Money Market Fund to invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in municipal instruments whose issuers are located in the same state.

As stated below, as a matter of fundamental policy, at least 80% of the Municipal Money Market Fund’s net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) will be invested in debt instruments, the interest on which is, in the opinion of bond counsel or counsel for issuers, if any, exempt from regular federal income tax, except in extraordinary circumstances such as when the Investment Adviser believes that market conditions indicate that the Fund should adopt a temporary defensive posture by holding uninvested cash or investing in taxable securities. Interest earned on “private activity bonds” that is treated as an item of tax preference under federal alternative minimum tax will be deemed by the Municipal Money Market Fund to be exempt from regular federal income tax for the purposes of this policy. Taxable investments by the Municipal Money Market Fund will consist exclusively of instruments that may be purchased by registered or unregistered money market portfolios. The risks associated with these investments are described in the Prospectus.

OPERATIONAL RISK. The Investment Adviser and other Fund service providers may experience disruptions or operating errors arising from factors such as processing errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel, and errors caused by third-party service providers or trading counterparties. In particular, these errors or failures in systems and technology, including operational risks associated with reliance on third party service providers, may affect a Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV in a timely manner, including over a potentially extended period. While service providers are required to have appropriate operational risk management policies and procedures, their methods of operational risk management may differ from those of the Funds in the setting of priorities, the personnel and resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. The Investment Adviser, through its monitoring and oversight of service providers, seeks to ensure that service providers take appropriate precautions to avoid and

mitigate risks that could lead to disruptions and operating errors. However, it is not possible for the Investment Adviser or other Fund service providers to identify all of the operational risks that may affect a Fund or to develop processes and controls to completely eliminate or mitigate their occurrence or effects.

REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Funds may agree to purchase portfolio securities from domestic and foreign financial institutions subject to the seller’s agreement to repurchase them at a mutually agreed upon date and price (“repurchase agreements”). Repurchase agreements may be considered to be loans under the 1940 Act. Although the securities subject to a repurchase agreement may bear maturities exceeding one year, settlement for the repurchase agreement generally will not be more than one year after a Fund’s acquisition of the securities and normally will be within a shorter period of time. Securities subject to repurchase agreements normally are held either by the Trust’s custodian or subcustodian (if any), or in the Federal Reserve/Treasury Book-Entry System.

A Fund may permit the seller’s obligation to be novated to the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (“FICC”) pursuant to an agreement between the Fund, FICC and the seller as a sponsoring member of FICC. In such case, the FICC would become the Fund’s counterparty. A Fund will make payment for such securities only upon physical delivery or evidence of book-entry transfer to the account of the sponsoring member, the custodian or a bank acting as agent for the Fund. The Fund would become subject to the FICC’s rules, which may limit the Fund’s rights and remedies (including recourse to collateral) or delay or restrict the rights and remedies, and expose the Fund to the risk of FICC’s insolvency.

The seller under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain the value of the securities subject to the agreement in an amount exceeding the repurchase price (including accrued interest). Default by the seller or FICC would, however, expose a Fund to possible loss because of adverse market action or delay in connection with the disposition of the underlying obligations. In addition, in the event of a bankruptcy, a Fund could suffer additional losses if a court determines that the Fund’s interest in the collateral is unenforceable. If a Fund enters into a repurchase agreement involving securities the Fund could not purchase directly, and the counterparty defaults, the Fund may become the holder of securities that it could not purchase. Apart from the risks associated with bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, there is also the risk that the seller or FICC may fail to repurchase the security. If the market value of the securities subject to the repurchase agreement becomes less than the repurchase price (including accrued interest), generally, the seller of the securities or FICC will be required to deliver additional securities so that the market value of all securities subject to the repurchase agreement equals or exceeds the repurchase price.

Regulations that began to take effect in 2019 require certain bank-regulated counterparties and certain of their affiliates to include in certain financial contracts, including many repurchase agreements and purchase and sale contracts, terms that delay or restrict the rights of counterparties, such as a Fund, to terminate such agreements, take foreclosure action, exercise other default rights or restrict transfers of credit support in the event that the counterparty and/or its affiliates are subject to certain types of resolution or insolvency proceedings. It is possible that these new requirements, as well as potential additional government regulation and other developments in the market, could adversely affect a Fund’s ability to terminate existing repurchase agreements and purchase and sale contracts or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.

In the event of default by a foreign counterparty in a repurchase agreement, a Fund may be unable to successfully assert a claim to the collateral under foreign laws. As a result, repurchase agreements with a foreign financial institution may involve higher credit risks than repurchase agreements with domestic financial institutions. Moreover, certain foreign countries may have less developed and less regulated banking systems and auditing, accounting and financial reporting systems than the United States. In addition, repurchase agreements with foreign financial institutions located in emerging markets, or relating to emerging markets, may involve foreign financial institutions or counterparties with lower credit ratings than domestic financial institutions. (See also “Foreign Investments—General” beginning on page 11 for additional discussion of the risks of investments with foreign institutions).

Pursuant to exemptive relief granted by the SEC, and to the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, certain Funds, and certain other money market portfolios advised by NTI and TNTC, may enter into joint repurchase agreements with non-affiliated counterparties through a master repurchase agreement. NTI administers and manages these joint repurchase agreements in accordance with and as part of its duties under its management agreement with the Funds and does not collect any additional fees from the Funds for such services.

REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. Each Fund may borrow funds by selling portfolio securities to financial institutions such as banks and broker/dealers and agreeing to repurchase them at a mutually specified date and price (“reverse repurchase agreements”). The Funds may use the proceeds of reverse repurchase agreements to purchase other securities either maturing, or under an agreement to resell, on a date simultaneous with or prior to the expiration of the reverse repurchase agreement. Reverse repurchase agreements are considered to be borrowings under the 1940 Act. The use of reverse repurchase agreements may be regarded as leveraging and, therefore, speculative. Furthermore, reverse repurchase agreements involve the risks that (i) the interest income earned in the investment of the proceeds will be less than the interest expense, (ii) the market value of the securities retained in lieu of sale by a Fund may decline below the price of the securities the Fund has sold but is obligated to repurchase, (iii) the market value of the securities sold will decline below the price at which the Fund is required to repurchase them and (iv) the securities will not be returned to the Fund. The Funds will pay interest on amounts obtained pursuant to a reverse repurchase agreement. While reverse repurchase agreements are outstanding, the Funds will segregate liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the market value of the securities, plus accrued interest, subject to the agreement.

In addition, if the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, such buyer or its trustee or receiver may receive an extension of time to determine whether to enforce a Fund’s obligations to repurchase the securities and the Fund’s use of the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement may effectively be restricted pending such decision. Additionally, regulations that began to take effect in 2019 require certain bank-regulated counterparties and certain of their affiliates to include in certain financial contracts, including many reverse repurchase agreements, terms that delay or restrict the rights of counterparties, such as a Fund, to terminate such agreements, take foreclosure action, exercise other default rights or restrict transfers of credit support in the event that the counterparty and/or its affiliates are subject to certain types of resolution or insolvency proceedings. It is possible that these new requirements, as well as potential additional government regulation and other developments in the market, could adversely affect a Fund’s ability to terminate existing reverse repurchase agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.

STANDBY COMMITMENTS. The Municipal Money Market Fund may enter into standby commitments with respect to municipal instruments it holds. Under a standby commitment, a dealer agrees to purchase at the Fund’s option a specified municipal instrument. Standby commitments may be exercisable by the Municipal Money Market Fund at any time before the maturity of the underlying municipal instruments and may be sold, transferred or assigned only with the instruments involved.

The Municipal Money Market Fund expects that standby commitments generally will be available without the payment of any direct or indirect consideration. However, if necessary or advisable, the Municipal Money Market Fund may pay for a standby commitment either separately in cash or by paying a higher price for municipal instruments, which are acquired subject to the commitment (thus reducing the yield to maturity otherwise available for the same securities). The total amount paid in either manner for outstanding standby commitments held by the Fund will not exceed 1/2 of 1% of the value of the Fund’s total assets calculated immediately after each standby commitment is acquired.

The Municipal Money Market Fund intends to enter into standby commitments only with dealers, banks and broker-dealers that, in NTI’s opinion, present minimal credit risks. The Municipal Money Market Fund will acquire standby commitments solely to facilitate portfolio liquidity and does not intend to exercise its rights thereunder for trading purposes. The acquisition of a standby commitment will not affect the valuation of the

underlying municipal instrument. The actual standby commitment will be valued at zero in determining NAV. Accordingly, where the Municipal Money Market Fund pays directly or indirectly for a standby commitment, the Fund’s costs will be reflected as an unrealized loss for the period during which the commitment is held by the Municipal Money Market Fund and will be reflected in realized gain or loss when the commitment is exercised or expires.

STRIPPED SECURITIES. To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Funds (including the U.S. Government Money Market Fund and U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund to the extent such stripped securities are Treasury Department strips), may purchase stripped securities. The Treasury Department has facilitated transfers of ownership of zero coupon securities by accounting separately for the beneficial ownership of particular interest coupon and principal payments on Treasury securities through the Federal Reserve book-entry record-keeping system. The Federal Reserve program as established by the Treasury Department is known as “Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities” or “STRIPS.” The Funds may purchase securities registered in the STRIPS program. Under the STRIPS program, a Fund will be able to have its beneficial ownership of zero coupon securities recorded directly in the book-entry record-keeping system in lieu of having to hold certificates or other evidences of ownership of the underlying U.S. Treasury securities.

Other types of stripped securities may be purchased by the Funds (except the U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund), including stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBS”). SMBS usually are structured with two or more classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions from a pool of mortgage-backed obligations. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving all of the interest, while the other class receives all of the principal. However, in some instances, one class will receive some of the interest and most of the principal while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. If the underlying obligations experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, a Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in these securities. The market value of the class consisting entirely of principal payments generally is extremely volatile in response to changes in interest rates. The yields on a class of SMBS that receives all or most of the interest generally are higher than prevailing market yields on other mortgage-backed obligations because their cash flow patterns also are volatile and there is a risk that the initial investment will not be recouped fully. SMBS issued by the U.S. government (or a U.S. government agency, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise) may be considered liquid under guidelines established by the Board if they can be disposed of promptly in the ordinary course of business at a value reasonably close to that used in the calculation of the NAV per share.

STRUCTURED SECURITIES. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, each of the Funds may purchase structured securities. These fixed-income instruments are structured to recast the investment characteristics of the underlying security or reference asset. If the issuer is a unit investment trust or other special purpose vehicle, the structuring will typically involve the deposit with or purchase by such issuer of specified instruments (such as commercial bank loans or securities) and/or the execution of various derivative transactions, and the issuance by that entity of one or more classes of securities (structured securities) backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying instruments. The cash flow on the underlying instruments may be apportioned among the newly issued structured securities to create securities with different investment characteristics, such as varying maturities, payment priorities and interest rate provisions, and the extent of such payments made with respect to structured securities is dependent on the extent of the cash flow on the underlying instruments. Investments in these securities may be structured as a class that is either subordinated or unsubordinated to the right of payment of another class. Subordinated structured securities typically have higher rates of return and present greater risks than unsubordinated structured products.

A Fund’s investments in these instruments are indirectly subject to the risks associated with derivative instruments, including, among others, credit risk, default or similar event risk, counterparty risk, interest rate risk, leverage risk and management risk. Because structured securities typically involve no credit enhancement, their credit risk generally will be equivalent to that of the underlying instruments. These securities generally are

exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. Accordingly, there may be no established trading market for the securities and they may constitute illiquid investments. Structured securities may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of debt securities because the investor bears the risk of the underlying security or reference asset. Structured securities may also be more volatile, less liquid, and more difficult to price accurately than less complex securities or more traditional debt securities.

SUPRANATIONAL BANK OBLIGATIONS. Each Fund, to the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, may invest in obligations of supranational banks. Supranational banks are international banking institutions designed or supported by national governments to promote economic reconstruction, development or trade among nations (e.g., the World Bank). Obligations of supranational banks may be supported by appropriated but unpaid commitments of their member countries and there is no assurance that these commitments will be undertaken or met in the future. See also “Foreign Investments—General” beginning on page 11.

TRADING RISK. In order to engage in certain transactions on behalf of a Fund, the Investment Adviser will be subject to (or cause a Fund to become subject to) the rules, terms and/or conditions of any venues through which it trades securities, derivatives or other instruments. This includes, but is not limited to, where the Investment Adviser and/or a Fund may be required to comply with the rules of certain exchanges, execution platforms, trading facilities, clearinghouses and other venues, or may be required to consent to the jurisdiction of any such venues. The rules, terms and/or conditions of any such venue may result in the Investment Adviser (and/or a Fund) being subject to, among other things, margin requirements, additional fees and other charges, disciplinary procedures, reporting and recordkeeping, position limits and other restrictions on trading, settlement risks and other related conditions on trading set out by such venues.

U.S. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS. Examples of the types of U.S. government obligations that may be acquired by the Funds include U.S. Treasury Bills, Treasury Notes and Treasury Bonds. The Funds also may acquire obligations of Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration, Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae, General Services Administration, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Freddie Mac, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks and the Maritime Administration.

Securities guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or by its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises also are deemed to include (i) securities for which the payment of principal and interest is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit issued by the U.S. government or by any agency, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise thereof, and (ii) participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies that are so guaranteed.

To the extent consistent with their investment objectives and strategies, the Funds may invest in a variety of U.S. Treasury obligations and obligations issued by or guaranteed by the U.S. government or by its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. Not all U.S. government obligations carry the same credit support. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises if it were not obligated to do so by law. There is no assurance that these commitments will be undertaken or complied with in the future. In addition, the secondary market for certain participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies may be limited. In the absence of a suitable secondary market, such participations are generally considered illiquid.

Many states grant tax-free status to dividends paid to shareholders of a fund from interest income earned by that fund from direct obligations of the U.S. government, subject in some states to minimum investment requirements that must be met by the fund. Investments in securities issued by Ginnie Mae or Fannie Mae, bankers’ acceptances, commercial paper and repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government securities do not generally qualify for tax-free treatment.

VARIABLE AND FLOATING RATE INSTRUMENTS. Variable and floating rate instruments have interest rates that periodically are adjusted either at set intervals or that float at a margin in relation to a generally recognized index rate. These instruments include long-term floating rate public obligations of the U.S. Treasury and variable and floating rate bonds (sometimes referred to as “put bonds”) where a Fund obtains at the time of purchase the right to put the bond back to the issuer or a third party at par at a specified date.

With respect to the variable and floating rate instruments that may be acquired by the Funds, the Investment Adviser will consider the earning power, cash flows and other liquidity ratios of the issuers and guarantors of such instruments and, if the instruments are subject to demand features, will monitor their financial status and ability to meet payment on demand. Where necessary to ensure that a variable or floating rate instrument meets the Funds’ quality requirements, the issuer’s obligation to pay the principal of the instrument will be backed by an unconditional bank letter or line of credit, guarantee or commitment to lend.

The Funds will invest in variable and floating rate instruments only when the Investment Adviser deems the investment to involve minimal credit risk. Unrated variable and floating rate instruments will be determined by the Investment Adviser to be of comparable quality at the time of the purchase to rated instruments that may be purchased by the Funds. In determining weighted average portfolio maturity, an instrument may, subject to the SEC’s regulations, be deemed to have a maturity shorter than its nominal maturity based on the period remaining until the next interest rate adjustment or the time the Fund involved can recover payment of principal as specified in the instrument. In determining weighted average life under Rule 2a-7(d)(1)(iii) (“WAL”), a floating rate instrument shall be deemed to have a maturity equal to the period remaining until the principal amount can be recovered through demand.

Variable and floating rate instruments that may be purchased by the Funds include variable amount master demand notes, which permit the indebtedness thereunder to vary in addition to providing for periodic adjustments in the interest rate.

Variable and floating rate instruments held by a Fund will be subject to the Fund’s limitation on illiquid investments, absent a reliable trading market, when the Fund may not demand payment of the principal amount within seven days. Because there is no active secondary market for certain variable and floating rate instruments, they may be more difficult to sell if the issuer defaults on its payment obligations or during periods when the Fund is not entitled to exercise its demand rights. As a result, the Fund could suffer a loss with respect to these instruments.

The Funds’ investments, payment obligations and financing terms may be based on floating rates, such as London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), Euro Interbank Offered Rate and other similar types of reference rates (each, a “Reference Rate”). On July 27, 2017, the Chief Executive of the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), which regulates LIBOR, announced that the FCA will no longer persuade nor compel banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR and certain other Reference Rates after 2021. Such announcement indicates that the continuation of LIBOR and other Reference Rates on the current basis cannot and will not be guaranteed after 2021. This announcement and any additional regulatory or market changes may have an adverse impact on a Fund’s investments, performance or financial condition. Until then, the Funds may continue to invest in instruments that reference such rates or otherwise use such Reference Rates due to favorable liquidity or pricing.

In advance of 2021, regulators and market participants will work together to identify or develop successor Reference Rates and how the calculation of associated spreads (if any) should be adjusted. Additionally, prior to 2021, it is expected that industry trade associations and participants will focus on the transition mechanisms by which the Reference Rates and spreads (if any) in existing contracts or instruments may be amended, whether through market-wide protocols, fallback contractual provisions, bespoke negotiations or amendments or otherwise. Nonetheless, the termination of certain Reference Rates presents risks to the Funds. At this time, it is not possible to exhaustively identify or predict the effect of any such changes, any establishment of alternative Reference Rates or any other reforms to Reference Rates that may be enacted in the United Kingdom or

elsewhere. The elimination of a Reference Rate or any other changes or reforms to the determination or supervision of Reference Rates could have an adverse impact on the market for or value of any securities or payments linked to those Reference Rates and other financial obligations held by a Fund or on its overall financial condition or results of operations. In addition, any substitute Reference Rate and any pricing adjustments imposed by a regulator or by counterparties or otherwise may adversely affect a Fund’s performance and/or NAV.

YIELDS AND RATINGS. The yields on certain obligations, including the instruments in which the Funds may invest, are dependent on a variety of factors, including general market conditions, conditions in the particular market for the obligation, financial condition of the issuer, size of the offering, maturity of the obligation and ratings of the issue. The ratings of S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), DBRS Ratings Limited (“DBRS”), Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) and Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) represent their respective opinions as to the quality of the obligations they undertake to rate. Ratings, however, are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, obligations with the same rating, maturity and interest rate may have different market prices. For a more complete discussion of ratings, see Appendix A to this SAI.

Subject to the limitations stated in the Prospectus, if a security held by a Fund undergoes a rating revision, the Fund may continue to hold the security if the Investment Adviser determines such retention is warranted.

INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS

Each Fund is subject to the fundamental investment restrictions enumerated below, which may be changed with respect to a particular Fund only by a vote of the holders of a majority of such Fund’s outstanding shares as described in “Description of Shares” beginning on page 71.

No Fund may:

(1) Make loans, except through (a) the purchase of debt obligations in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and strategies, (b) repurchase agreements with banks, brokers, dealers and other financial institutions, (c) loans of securities, and (d) loans to affiliates of the Fund to the extent permitted by law.

(2) Purchase or sell real estate or real estate limited partnerships, but this restriction shall not prevent a Fund from investing directly or indirectly in portfolio instruments secured by real estate or interests therein.

(3) Invest in commodities or commodity contracts, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemptions therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time; and each Fund may invest in currency and financial instruments and contracts that are commodities or commodity contracts.

(4) Invest in companies for the purpose of exercising control or management.

(5) Act as underwriter of securities, except as a Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio instruments in accordance with its investment objective and portfolio management strategies.

(6) Purchase securities (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities and repurchase agreements collateralized by such obligations) if such purchase would cause 25% or more in the aggregate of the market value of the total assets of a Fund to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers having their principal business activities in the same industry, provided that (a) with respect to each Fund, other than the Money Market Fund, there is no limitation, and each Fund reserves freedom of action, when otherwise consistent with its investment strategies, to concentrate its investments in obligations (other than commercial paper) issued or guaranteed by U.S. banks (including foreign branches of U.S. banks) and U.S. branches of foreign banks and repurchase agreements and securities loans collateralized by such U.S. government obligations or such bank obligations; and (b) for the

Money Market Fund only, this limitation does not apply to securities issued by companies having their principal activities in the financial services industry, and the Money Market Fund will invest under normal market conditions at least 25% of its total assets in securities issued by companies in the financial services industry, provided further that the Money Market Fund may, for temporary defensive purposes, invest less than 25% of its total assets in securities issued by companies in the financial services industry. For the purpose of this restriction, state and municipal governments and their agencies and authorities are not deemed to be industries; as to utility companies, the gas, electric, water and telephone businesses are considered separate industries; for all Funds, except the Money Market Fund, personal credit finance companies and business credit finance companies are deemed to be separate industries; wholly-owned finance companies are considered to be in the industries of their parents if their activities are primarily related to financing the activities of their parents; and for the Money Market Fund only, the financial services industry is deemed to include the group of industries within the financial services sector.

(7) Borrow money, except that to the extent permitted by applicable law (a) a Fund may borrow from banks, other affiliated investment companies and other persons, and may engage in reverse repurchase agreements and other transactions which involve borrowings, in amounts up to 33 1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) or such other percentage permitted by law, (b) a Fund may borrow up to an additional 5% of its total assets for temporary purposes, (c) a Fund may obtain such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities, and (d) a Fund may purchase securities on margin. If due to market fluctuations or other reasons a Fund’s borrowings exceed the limitations stated above, the Trust will promptly reduce the borrowings of a Fund in accordance with the 1940 Act. In addition, as a matter of fundamental policy, a Fund will not issue senior securities to the extent such issuance would violate applicable law.

(8) Make any investment inconsistent with the Fund’s classification as a diversified company under the 1940 Act.

(9) Notwithstanding any of a Fund’s other fundamental investment restrictions (including, without limitation, those restrictions relating to issuer diversification, industry concentration and control), each Fund may: (a) purchase securities of other investment companies to the full extent permitted under Section 12 or any other provision of the 1940 Act (or any successor provision thereto) or under any regulation or order of the SEC; and (b) invest all or substantially all of its assets in a single open-end investment company or series thereof with substantially the same investment objective, strategies and fundamental restrictions as the Fund.

For the purposes of Investment Restriction Nos. 1 and 7 above, the Funds have received an exemptive order from the SEC permitting them to participate in lending and borrowing arrangements with affiliates.

In applying Investment Restriction No. 8 above, a security is considered to be issued by the entity, or entities, whose assets and revenues back the security. A guarantee of a security is not deemed to be a security issued by the guarantor when the value of all securities issued and guaranteed by the guarantor, and owned by a Fund, does not exceed 10% of the value of the Fund’s total assets.

The freedom of action reserved in Investment Restriction No. 6 with respect to U.S. branches of foreign banks is subject to the requirement that they are subject to the same regulation as domestic branches of U.S. banks. The freedom of action reserved with respect to foreign branches of U.S. banks is subject to the requirement that the U.S. parent of the foreign branch be unconditionally liable in the event that the foreign branch failed to pay on its instruments for any reason. Obligations of U.S. branches of foreign banks may include certificates of deposit, bank and deposit notes, bankers’ acceptances and fixed time deposits. These obligations may be general obligations of the parent bank or may be limited to the issuing branch. Such obligations will meet the criteria for “Eligible Securities” as defined by the SEC under Rule 2a-7 of the 1940 Act.

Also, as a matter of fundamental policy, changeable only with the approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Municipal Money Market Fund, at least 80% of the net assets of the Fund plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes (“net assets”) measured at the time of purchase of the Municipal Money Market Fund will be invested in debt instruments, the interest on which is, in the opinion of bond counsel or counsel for issuers, exempt from regular federal income tax, except in extraordinary circumstances such as when the Investment Adviser believes that market conditions indicate that the Fund should adopt a temporary defensive posture by holding uninvested cash or investing in taxable securities. Investments in such debt instruments may be direct or indirect (for example, through investments in other investment companies or pools). Interest earned on “private activity bonds” that is treated as an item of tax preference under the federal alternative minimum tax will be deemed by the Municipal Money Market Fund to be exempt from regular federal income tax for purposes of determining whether the Fund meets this fundamental policy.

Securities held in escrow or separate accounts in connection with a Fund’s investment practices as described in this SAI and the applicable Prospectus are not deemed to be mortgaged, pledged or hypothecated for purposes of the foregoing restrictions.

Notwithstanding Investment Restriction No. 7, each Fund intends, as a non-fundamental policy, to limit all borrowings to no more than 25% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed).

As a matter of non-fundamental investment policy, the following applies to, but is not a part of, Investment Restriction No. 6 for the Money Market Fund only: Companies in the financial services group of industries include, but are not limited to, U.S. and non-U.S. companies involved in banking, mortgage, consumer or specialized finance, investment banking, securities brokerage, asset management and custody, insurance, financial investment, real estate and mortgage finance and financial conglomerates, and related asset-backed securities. NTI may analyze the characteristics of a particular issuer and security and assign an industry classification consistent with those characteristics in the event that either a third-party classification provider used by NTI or another Fund service provider does not assign a classification or assigns a classification inconsistent with that believed appropriate by NTI based on its analysis of the economic characteristics of the issuer.

Each Fund may follow non-fundamental operational policies that are more restrictive than its fundamental investment limitations, as set forth in the Prospectus and this SAI, in order to comply with applicable laws and regulations, including the provisions of and regulations under the 1940 Act. In particular, the Funds intend to comply with the various requirements of Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act, as applicable, which regulates money market mutual funds, including the diversification requirements of Rule 2a-7. The Funds may change these operational policies to reflect changes in the laws and regulations without the approval of its shareholders.

Each Fund intends, as a non-fundamental policy, to diversify its investments in accordance with current SEC regulations. Investments in securities (excluding cash, cash items, certain repurchase agreements, U.S. government securities and securities of other investment companies that are money market funds) will be limited to: (1) not more than 5% of the value of a Fund’s total assets at the time of purchase of any single issuer (and certain affiliates of that issuer), except that 25% of the value of the total assets of the Funds may be invested in the securities of any one issuer for a period of up to three Business Days; and (2) not more than 10% of the value of a Fund’s total assets at the time of purchase in the securities subject to demand features or guarantees from an institution. For the Money Market Fund, U.S. Government Money Market Fund and U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund, subject to certain exceptions, immediately after the acquisition of any demand features or guarantees (i.e., generally, the right to sell the security at a price equal to its approximate amortized cost (for a demand feature) or principal amount (for a guarantee) plus accrued interest), with respect to 100% of the assets of a Fund, no more than 10% of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in securities issued by or subject to demand features or guarantees issued by the same issuer. For the Municipal Money Market Fund, subject to certain exceptions, immediately after the acquisition of the security, any demand features or guarantees, with respect to 85% of the assets of the Fund, no more than 10% of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in

securities issued by or subject to demand features or guarantees issued by the same issuer. Certain affiliated issuers will be treated as a single issuer for purposes of these requirements. Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act requires money market funds to purchase securities that have a remaining maturity of no more than 397 calendar days (unless otherwise permitted under Rule 2a-7) and (i) which have been determined by a money market fund’s board of trustees (or the fund’s investment adviser, if the board of trustees delegates such power to the adviser) to present minimal credit risks to the fund; or (ii) are issued by other investment companies that are money market funds; or (iii) are U.S. government securities. NTI considers several factors, including the capacity of each security’s issuer or guarantor to meet its financial obligations. Securities in which the Funds may invest may not earn as high a level of income as long-term or lower quality securities, which generally have greater market risk and more fluctuation in market value.

The following descriptions from the 1940 Act may assist shareholders in understanding the above policies and restrictions.

Concentration and Industry Classification. The SEC has presently defined concentration as investing 25% or more of an investment company’s net assets in an industry or group of industries, with certain exceptions. Except to the extent otherwise provided in Investment Restriction No. 6, for the purpose of determining industry classification, a Fund may use any one of the following: Bloomberg Industry Group Classification, Bloomberg Barclays Indices Global Sector Classification Scheme, S&P, J.J. Kenny Municipal Purpose Codes, FT Interactive Industrial Codes, Securities Industry Classification Codes or the Global Industry Classification Standard. For the purpose of determining the percentage of the Funds’ total assets invested in securities of issuers having their principal business activities in a particular industry, (i) an asset-backed security will be classified separately based on the nature of its underlying assets; (ii) state and municipal governments and their agencies and authorities are not deemed to be industries; (iii) as to utility companies, the gas, electric, water and telephone businesses are considered separate industries; (iv) for all Funds, except the Money Market Fund, personal credit finance companies and business credit finance companies are deemed to be separate industries; (v) wholly-owned financial companies are considered to be in the industries of their parents if their activities are primarily related to financing the activities of their parents; and (vi) for the Money Market Fund only: (i) the financial services industry is deemed to include the group of industries within the financial services sector, (ii) notwithstanding the foregoing, asset-backed securities with underlying assets related to the financial services industry will be grouped in the financial services industry; and (iii) NTI may analyze the characteristics of a particular issuer and security and assign an industry classification consistent with those characteristics in the event that either a third-party classification provider used by NTI or another Fund service provider does not assign a classification or assigns a classification inconsistent with that believed appropriate by NTI based on its analysis of the economic characteristics of the issuer.

Borrowing. The 1940 Act presently allows a Fund to borrow from any bank (including pledging, mortgaging or hypothecating assets) in an amount up to 33-1/3% of its total assets, including the amount borrowed (not including temporary borrowings not in excess of 5% of its total assets).

Senior Securities. Senior securities may include any obligation or instrument issued by a Fund evidencing indebtedness. The 1940 Act generally prohibits Funds from issuing senior securities, although it does not treat certain transactions as senior securities, such as certain borrowings, short sales, reverse repurchase agreements, firm commitment agreements and standby commitments, with appropriate earmarking or segregation of assets to cover such obligation.

Lending. Under the 1940 Act, a Fund may only make loans if expressly permitted by its investment policies. The Funds’ non-fundamental investment policy on lending is set forth above.

Underwriting. Under the 1940 Act, underwriting securities involves a Fund purchasing securities directly from an issuer for the purpose of selling (distributing) them or participating in any such activity either directly or indirectly. Under the 1940 Act, a diversified Fund may not make any commitment as underwriter, if immediately

thereafter the amount of its outstanding underwriting commitments, plus the value of its investments in securities of issuers (other than investment companies) of which it owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities, exceeds 25% of the value of its total assets.

Real Estate. The 1940 Act does not directly restrict a Fund’s ability to invest in real estate, but does require that every Fund have a fundamental investment policy governing such investments. The Funds have adopted a fundamental policy that would prohibit direct investment in real estate or securities issued by REITs. However, the Funds are permitted to invest directly or indirectly in portfolio instruments secured by real estate or interests therein.

Securities held in escrow or separate accounts in connection with the Funds’ investment practices described in this SAI and the Prospectus are not deemed to be mortgaged, pledged or hypothecated for purposes of the foregoing restrictions.

Any Investment Restriction which involves a maximum percentage (other than the restriction set forth above with respect to borrowing money) will not be considered violated unless an excess over the percentage occurs immediately after, and is caused by, an acquisition or encumbrance of securities or assets of, or borrowings by, a Fund. The 1940 Act requires that if the asset coverage for borrowings at any time falls below 33 1/3% of its total assets including the amount borrowed) plus an additional 5% of its total assets for temporary purposes, the Fund will, within three days thereafter (not including Sundays and holidays), reduce the amount of its borrowings to an extent that the net asset coverage of such borrowings shall conform to such limits. As of the date of this SAI, the Funds do not engage in securities lending.

Although the foregoing Investment Restrictions would permit the Funds to acquire options, enter into forward currency contracts and engage in short sales and interest rate and currency swaps, they are not currently permitted to engage in these transactions under SEC regulations.

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

The Board has adopted a policy on disclosure of portfolio holdings, which it believes is in the best interest of the Funds’ shareholders. The policy provides that neither the Funds nor their Investment Adviser, Distributor or any agent, or any employee thereof (“Fund Representative”) will disclose a Fund’s portfolio holdings information to any person other than in accordance with the policy. For purposes of the policy, “portfolio holdings information” means a Fund’s actual portfolio holdings, as well as non-public information about its trading strategies or pending transactions including the portfolio holdings, trading strategies or pending transactions of any actively managed commingled fund portfolio which contains identical holdings as the Fund. Under the policy, neither a Fund nor any Fund Representative may solicit or accept any compensation or other consideration in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information. A Fund Representative may provide portfolio holdings information to third parties if such information has been included in a Fund’s public filings with the SEC or is disclosed on the Trust’s publicly accessible website. Information posted on the Trust’s website may be separately provided to any person commencing the day after it is first published on the Trust’s website.

Portfolio holdings information that is not filed with the SEC or posted on the publicly available website may be provided to third parties only if the third party recipients are required to keep all portfolio holdings information confidential and are prohibited from trading on the information they receive. Disclosure to such third parties must be approved in advance by the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”). Disclosure to providers of auditing, custody, proxy voting and other similar services for the Funds, as well as rating and ranking organizations, will generally be permitted; however, information may be disclosed to other third parties (including, without limitation, individuals, institutional investors, and intermediaries that sell shares of a Fund) only upon approval by the CCO, who must first determine that the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for doing so. In general, each recipient of non-public portfolio holdings information must sign a confidentiality and

non-trading agreement, although this requirement will not apply when the recipient is otherwise subject to a duty of confidentiality as determined by the CCO. In accordance with the policy, the recipients who receive non-public portfolio holdings information on an ongoing basis are as follows: the Investment Adviser and its affiliates, the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm, the Funds’ custodian, the Funds’ legal counsel, the Funds’ financial printer (Donnelley Financial Solutions), the Funds’ pricing vendors, and the Funds’ proxy voting service and subsidiary (Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. and Securities Class Action Service, LLC); certain industry reporting providers (iMoneyNet); certain rating and ranking organizations, including Moody’s, Fitch and S&P; and the following vendors that provide portfolio analytical tools: Barclays Capital, BlackRock Solutions, Bloomberg, FactSet and Thomson Reuters. These entities are obligated to keep such information confidential. Third-party providers of custodial or accounting services to a Fund may release non-public portfolio holdings information of the Fund only with the permission of Fund Representatives. From time to time, portfolio holdings information may be provided to broker-dealers solely in connection with a Fund seeking portfolio securities trading recommendations. Portfolio holdings information may also be provided to financial institutions solely for the purpose of funding borrowings under the Trust’s line of credit. In providing this information, reasonable precautions, including limitations on the scope of the portfolio holdings information disclosed, are taken in an effort to avoid any potential misuse of the disclosed information.

The Funds currently publish on the Trust’s website, northerntrust.com/funds, no later than the fifth business day of each month and for a period of not less than six months, a complete schedule of portfolio holdings for each Fund and certain other information required by Rule 2a-7 regarding each Fund’s portfolio holdings as of the last business day of the prior month. A Fund may publish on the website complete portfolio holdings information more frequently if it has a legitimate business purpose for doing so.

Portfolio holdings also are currently disclosed through required filings with the SEC. Each Fund files its portfolio holdings with the SEC and the holdings are publicly made available twice each fiscal year on Form N-CSR (with respect to each annual period and semiannual period) and twice each fiscal year on Form N-PORT (with respect to the first and third quarters of the Funds’ fiscal year). Certain information with respect to the Funds will be provided in monthly holdings reports to the SEC on Form N-MFP2. Form N-MFP2 will be made available to the public on the SEC’s EDGAR database immediately upon filing after the end of the month to which the information pertains, and a link to each of the most recent 12 months of filings on Form N-MFP2 will be provided on the Trust’s website. In addition, in the event that the Funds file information regarding certain material events with the SEC on Form N-CR, the Funds will disclose on their website certain information that the Funds are required to report on Form N-CR. Such material events include the provision of any financial support by an affiliated person of a Fund or a decline in weekly liquid assets below 10% of a Fund’s total assets. This information will appear on a Fund’s website no later than the same business day on which a Fund files Form N-CR with the SEC and will be available on a Fund’s website for at least one year. Shareholders may obtain a Fund’s Forms N-CSR, N-PORT (and its predecessor Form N-Q), N-MFP2 and N-CR filings on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Under the policy, the Board is to receive information, on a quarterly basis, regarding any other disclosures of non-public portfolio holdings information that were permitted during the preceding quarter.

MONEY MARKET FUND MATERIAL EVENTS—FINANCIAL SUPPORT PROVIDED TO THE FUNDS

On December 15, 2016, Northern Trust Corporation made a capital contribution to the Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund in the amounts of $135,923.69 and $90,585.57, respectively. Northern Trust Corporation is the parent company of NTI, the investment adviser to the Funds. Each of the Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund was required to disclose additional information about this event on Form N-CR and to file this form with the SEC. Any Form N-CR filing submitted by a Fund is available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

ADDITIONAL TRUST INFORMATION

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS

The Board is responsible for the management and business and affairs of the Funds. Set forth below is information about the Trustees and the Officers of Northern Funds as of the date of this SAI. Each Trustee has served in that capacity since he or she was originally elected or appointed to the Board. As of the date of this SAI, each Trustee oversees a total of 50 portfolios in the Northern Funds Complex—Northern Funds offers 43 portfolios and Northern Institutional Funds consists of 7 portfolios.

NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES


NAME, AGE, ADDRESS⁽¹⁾, POSITIONS HELD WITH TRUST AND LENGTH OF SERVICE AS TRUSTEE⁽²⁾	PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS DURING PAST FIVE YEARS	OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD BY TRUSTEE⁽³⁾
Therese M. Bobek Age: 58 Trustee since 2019	• Adjunct Lecturer in the Masters of Accountancy Program, University of Iowa Tippie College of Business since 2018; • Partner in National Auditing Services and Chief Auditor Network Leader, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (an accounting firm) from 2010 - 2018; • Assurance Partner, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP from 1997 to 2018.	• None

Ingrid LaMae A. de Jongh Age: 53 Trustee since 2019	• Head of School Management and Technology, Success Academy Charter Schools since 2016; • Member of the Board of Directors of Bank Leumi USA since 2016; • Partner in Accenture (global management consulting and professional services firm) from 1987 to 2012; • Member of the Board of Directors, Member of Nominating and Governance and Compensating Committees of Carver Bancorp from 2014 to 2018.	• None

⁽¹⁾	Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996.

⁽²⁾

Each Trustee will hold office for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (i) the next meeting of shareholders, if any, called for the purpose of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee and until the election and qualification of his or her successor, if any, elected at such meeting; (ii) the date a Trustee resigns or retires, or a Trustee is removed by the Board or shareholders, in accordance with the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust; or (iii) in accordance with the current resolutions of the Board (which may be changed without shareholder vote) on the earlier of the completion of 15 years of service on the Board and the last day of the calendar year in which he or she attains the age of seventy-five years. The 15-year service limit does not apply to the service of Trustees of the Trust who began serving on the Board prior to July 1, 2016.

⁽³⁾	This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (i.e., public companies) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act, as amended.

NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES (CONTINUED)


NAME, AGE, ADDRESS⁽¹⁾, POSITIONS HELD WITH TRUST AND LENGTH OF SERVICE AS TRUSTEE⁽²⁾	PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS DURING PAST FIVE YEARS	OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD BY TRUSTEE⁽³⁾
Mark G. Doll Age: 69 Trustee since 2013	• Member of the State of Wisconsin Investment Board since 2015; • Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer, Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company from 2008 to 2012; • Senior Vice President—Public Markets, Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company from 2002 to 2008; • President, Northwestern Mutual Series Fund, Mason Street Advisors and Mason Street Funds from 2002 to 2008; • Chairman, Archdiocese of Milwaukee Finance Council from 2005 to 2015; • Member of Investment Committee of Greater Milwaukee Foundation from 2003 to 2015.	• None

Sandra Polk Guthman Age: 75 Trustee since 2000 and Chairperson since 2015	• Chair since 1988 and CEO from 1993 to 2012 of Polk Bros. Foundation (an Illinois not-for-profit corporation); • Trustee of Rush University Medical Center since 2007; • Director of National Public Finance Guarantee Corporation (f/k/a MBIA Insurance Corp. of Illinois) (a municipal bond insurance company) from 1994 to 2014; • Trustee of Wellesley College from 2010 to 2016.	• None

⁽¹⁾	Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996.

⁽²⁾

⁽³⁾	This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (i.e., public companies) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act, as amended.

NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES (CONTINUED)


NAME, AGE, ADDRESS⁽¹⁾, POSITIONS HELD WITH TRUST AND LENGTH OF SERVICE AS TRUSTEE⁽²⁾	PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS DURING PAST FIVE YEARS	OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD BY TRUSTEE⁽³⁾
Thomas A. Kloet Age: 61 Trustee since 2015 and Vice Chairperson since February 14, 2019	• Chair of Boards of The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC, NASDAQ PHLX LLC and NASDAQ BX, Inc. since 2016; • Executive Director and Chief Executive Officer, TMX Group, Ltd. (financial services company and operator of stock, derivatives exchanges, their clearing operations and securities depository) from 2008 to 2014.	• Nasdaq, Inc.

David R. Martin Age: 62 Trustee since 2017	• Chief Financial Officer, Neo Tech (an electronics manufacturer) since June 2019; • Adjunct professor, University of Texas, McCombs School of Business since 2017; • Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (an investment manager) from 2007 to 2016; • Executive Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer of Janus Capital Group Inc. (an investment manager) from 2005 to 2007; • Senior Vice President, Finance of Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (an investment banking and securities brokerage firm) from 1999 to 2005.	• None

⁽¹⁾	Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996.

⁽²⁾

⁽³⁾	This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (i.e., public companies) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act, as amended.

NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES (CONTINUED)


NAME, AGE, ADDRESS⁽¹⁾, POSITIONS HELD WITH TRUST AND LENGTH OF SERVICE AS TRUSTEE⁽²⁾	PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS DURING PAST FIVE YEARS	OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD BY TRUSTEE⁽³⁾
Cynthia R. Plouché Age: 62 Trustee since 2014	• Assessor, Moraine Township, Illinois from January 2014 to June 2018; • Trustee of AXA Premier VIP Trust (Registered investment company—34 portfolios) from 2001 to May 2017; • Senior Portfolio Manager and member of Investment Policy Committee, Williams Capital Management, LLC from 2006 to 2012; • Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer of Blaylock-Abacus Asset Management, Inc. from June 2003 to 2006; • Founder, Chief Investment Officer and Managing Director of Abacus Financial Group from May 1991 to 2003, a manager of fixed income portfolios for institutional clients.	• Barings Fund Trust (registered investment company—8 portfolios); Barings Global Short Duration High Yield Fund (closed-end investment company advised by Barings LLC)

Mary Jacobs Skinner Age: 61 Trustee since 1998	• Executive Committee member and Chair, Public Policy Committee, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital since 2016; • Director, Pathways Awareness Foundation since 2000; • Harvard Advanced Leadership Fellow—2016; • Retired in 2015 as partner in the law firm of Sidley Austin LLP; • Director, Chicago Area Foundation for Legal Services from 1995 to 2013.	• None

⁽¹⁾	Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996.

⁽²⁾

⁽³⁾	This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (i.e., public companies) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act, as amended.

INTERESTED TRUSTEE

NAME, AGE, ADDRESS⁽¹⁾,
POSITIONS HELD WITH
TRUST AND LENGTH OF
SERVICE AS TRUSTEE⁽²⁾

PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS
DURING PAST FIVE YEARS

OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD
BY TRUSTEE⁽³⁾

Darek Wojnar⁽⁴⁾

Age 53

Trustee since 2019

• Director and Executive Vice President, Head of Funds and Managed Accounts Group at Northern Trust Investments, Inc. since January 2018;

• Head of Exchange Traded Funds at Hartford Funds from 2014 to 2017;

• Managing Director at Lattice Strategies, LLC from 2014 to 2016;

• Managing Director, Head of US iShares Product at BlackRock from 2005 to 2013.

• Flex Shares Trust (registered investment company—26 portfolios)

⁽¹⁾	Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996.

⁽²⁾

⁽³⁾	This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (i.e., public companies) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act, as amended.

⁽⁴⁾	An “interested person,” as defined by the 1940 Act. Mr. Wojnar is deemed to be an “interested” Trustee because he is an officer, director, employee, and a shareholder of Northern Trust Corporation and/or its affiliates.

OFFICERS OF THE TRUST


NAME, AGE, ADDRESS, POSITIONS HELD WITH TRUST AND LENGTH OF SERVICE⁽¹⁾		PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
Peter K. Ewing Age: 60 50 South LaSalle Street Chicago, Illinois 60603 President since March 2017		Director of Product Management, ETFs and Mutual Funds, Northern Trust Investments, Inc. since 2017; Director of Northern Trust Investments Inc. since 2017; Director of ETF Product Management, Northern Trust Investments, Inc. from 2010 to 2017; Senior Vice President of The Northern Trust Company and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. since 2010; President of FlexShares Trust since 2017; Vice President of FlexShares Trust from 2011 to 2017.

Kevin P. O’Rourke Age: 48 50 South LaSalle Street Chicago, Illinois 60603 Vice President since 2015		Senior Vice President of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. since 2014; Vice President of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. from 2009 to 2014.

Brian Meikel Age: 52 50 South LaSalle Street Chicago, Illinois 60603 Interim Chief Compliance Officer since 2018		Interim Chief Compliance Officer of 50 South Capital Advisors, LLC and Alpha Core Strategies Fund since July 2019; Vice President of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. since 2014; Interim Chief Compliance Officer of FlexShares Trust from 2018 to July 2019; Chief Compliance Officer of BMO Asset Management—Harris Investment Management from 2006 to 2013.

Darlene Chappell Age: 56 50 South LaSalle Street Chicago, Illinois 60603 Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer since 2009		Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer for Northern Trust Investments, Inc., Northern Trust Securities, Inc. and Alpha Core Strategies Fund since 2009; Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer for 50 South Capital Advisors, LLC since 2015; Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer for Equity Long/Short Opportunities Fund and FlexShares Trust since 2011; Vice President and Compliance Consultant for The Northern Trust Company since 2006; Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer for The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut from 2009 to 2013 and Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc. from 2009 to 2011.

Randal E. Rein Age: 48 50 South LaSalle Street Chicago, Illinois 60603 Treasurer since 2008		Senior Vice President of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. since 2010; Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer of FlexShares Trust since 2011; Treasurer of Alpha Core Strategies Fund from 2008 to 2018; Treasurer of Equity Long/Short Opportunities Fund from 2011 to 2018.

Michael J. Pryszcz Age: 51 801 South Canal Street Chicago, Illinois 60607 Assistant Treasurer since 2008		Senior Vice President of Fund Accounting of The Northern Trust Company since 2010.

⁽¹⁾	Each Officer serves until his or her resignation, removal or retirement, or election of his or her successor. Each Officer also holds the same office with Northern Institutional Funds.

OFFICERS OF THE TRUST (CONTINUED)


NAME, AGE, ADDRESS, POSITIONS HELD WITH TRUST AND LENGTH OF SERVICE⁽¹⁾		PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
Richard N. Crabill Age: 51 2160 East Elliott Road Tempe, Arizona 85284 Assistant Treasurer since 2008		Senior Vice President of Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company since 2011; Vice President of Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company from 2005 to 2011.

Michael G. Meehan Age: 48 50 South LaSalle Street Chicago, Illinois 60603 Assistant Treasurer since 2011		Senior Vice President of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. since 2016; Vice President of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. from 2011 to 2016; Assistant Treasurer of Alpha Core Strategies Fund and Equity Long/Short Opportunities Fund from 2011 to 2018.

Gregory A. Chidsey Age: 50 801 South Canal Street Chicago, Illinois 60607 Assistant Treasurer since 2013		Senior Vice President of Financial Reporting of The Northern Trust Company since 2010.

Jose J. Del Real, Esq. Age: 41 50 South LaSalle Street Chicago, Illinois 60603 Secretary since 2018		Senior Legal Counsel and Senior Vice President of The Northern Trust Company since 2017; Senior Legal Counsel and Vice President of The Northern Trust Company from 2015 to 2017; Assistant Secretary of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. since 2016; Legal Counsel and Vice President of The Northern Trust Company from 2014 to 2015; Vice President and Regulatory Administration Senior Attorney of The Northern Trust Company from 2012 to 2014; Assistant Secretary of Northern Funds and Northern Institutional Funds from 2011 to 2014 and from 2015 to November 2018; Assistant Secretary of FlexShares Trust from 2015 to December 2018; Secretary of FlexShares Trust since December 2018.

Angela R. Burke, Esq. Age: 36 50 South LaSalle Street Chicago, Illinois 60603 Assistant Secretary since 2018		Vice President of The Northern Trust Company since 2016; Attorney of Jackson National Asset Management, LLC and Assistant Secretary of Jackson Variable Series Trust from 2013 to 2015.

⁽¹⁾	Each Officer serves until his or her resignation, removal or retirement, or election of his or her successor. Each Officer also holds the same office with Northern Institutional Funds.

As a result of the responsibilities assumed by the Trust’s service providers, the Trust itself requires no employees.

Each officer holds comparable positions with Northern Institutional Funds and certain officers hold comparable positions with certain other investment companies of which Northern Trust Corporation, or an affiliate thereof, is the investment adviser, custodian, transfer agent and/or administrator.

LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE. The Board is currently composed of nine Trustees, eight of whom are not “interested persons” as defined in the 1940 Act (“non-interested Trustee”), and one of whom is an “interested person” as defined in the 1940 Act (“interested Trustee”). The Chairperson of the Board, Sandra Polk Guthman, is a non-interested Trustee. Darek Wojnar is considered an interested Trustee because he is an officer, director,

employee, and a shareholder of Northern Trust Corporation and/or its affiliates. Each Trustee was nominated to serve on the Board because of his or her experience, skills and qualifications. See “Trustee Experience” below. The Board believes that its leadership structure is consistent with industry practices and is appropriate in light of the size of the Trust and the nature and complexity of its business. In particular:

•

Board Composition. The Trustees believe that having a super-majority of non-interested Trustees (at least 75%) is appropriate and in the best interest of shareholders. The Trustees also believe that having Mr. Wojnar serve as an interested Trustee brings management and financial insight that is important to certain of the Board’s decisions and is also in the best interest of shareholders.

•

Non-Interested Trustee Meetings and Executive Sessions. The Trustees believe that meetings of the non-interested Trustees and meetings in executive session, including with independent counsel, help prevent conflicts of interest from occurring. The Trustees also believe that these sessions allow the non-interested Trustees to deliberate candidly and constructively, separately from management, in a manner that affords honest disagreement and critical questioning.

RISK OVERSIGHT. Risk oversight is a part of the Board’s general oversight of the Funds and is addressed as part of various Board and committee activities. Day-to-day risk management functions are subsumed within the responsibilities of the Investment Adviser and other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), which carry out the Funds’ investment management and business affairs. Each of the Investment Adviser and other service providers employ a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify various events or circumstances that may give rise to risks, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they occur. Each of the Investment Adviser and other service providers have their own independent interests in risk management, and their policies and methods of risk management will depend on their functions and business models. The Investment Adviser has a dedicated risk management function that is headed by a Chief Risk Officer.

Currently, the Board receives and reviews risk reports on a quarterly basis from the Investment Adviser’s Chief Risk Officer. The Audit Committee reviews and discusses these reports with the Investment Adviser’s Chief Risk Officer prior to their presentation to the Board. These reports cover risk areas that include, but are not limited to, credit risk, investment risk, operational risk, fiduciary risk, compliance risk, market and liquidity risk and strategic risk. These reports are intended to provide the Trustees with a forward-looking view of risk and the manner in which the Investment Adviser is managing various risks.

The Audit Committee, in addition to its risk management responsibilities, plays an important role in the Board’s risk oversight. Working with the Funds’ independent registered accountants, the Audit Committee ensures that the Funds’ annual audit scope includes risk-based considerations, such that the auditors consider the risks potentially impacting the audit findings as well as risks to the Funds’ financial position and operations.

The Valuation Committee reviews risk related reports related to the Funds on a quarterly basis. These reports are intended to test the valuations of the Funds under highly stressed market conditions. The Committee also reviews know your customer reports on a quarterly basis, which are designed to track shareholder concentrations in the Funds and the ability of the Funds to withstand large redemptions.

The Board also monitors and reviews the Funds’ performance metrics, and regularly confers with the Investment Adviser on performance-related issues.

The Trust’s CCO reports to the Board at least quarterly regarding compliance risk issues. In addition to providing quarterly reports, the CCO provides an annual report to the Board in accordance with the Funds’ compliance policies and procedures. The CCO regularly discusses relevant compliance risk issues affecting the Funds during meetings with the non-interested Trustees and counsel. The CCO updates the Board on the application of the Funds’ compliance policies and procedures and discusses how they mitigate risk. The CCO also reports to the Board immediately regarding any problems associated with the Funds’ compliance policies and procedures that could expose (or that might have the potential to expose) the Funds to risk.

TRUSTEE EXPERIENCE. Each Trustee is required to possess certain qualities such as integrity, intelligence, the ability to critically discuss and analyze issues presented to the Board and an understanding of a trustee’s fiduciary obligations with respect to a registered investment company. In addition to these qualities, the following is a description of certain other Trustee attributes, skills, experiences and qualifications.

NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES

Therese M. Bobek: Ms. Bobek has had a 35-year career with PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP (“PwC”), serving a wide variety of public and privately held clients with external audits, internal auditing and risk advisory services. Ms. Bobek is a former partner in PwC’s national office, where she most recently led a nationwide network of partners and managers whose main responsibility was to support audit quality in the field. She is also an adjunct lecturer for Advanced Auditing in the Masters of Accountancy program at the University of Iowa’s Henry B. Tippie College of Business. Ms. Bobek has been a Board Member of Metropolitan Family Services and a Board Member of the Illinois Society of CPAs. She has also served as a member and Chair of the University of Iowa Professional Accounting Council, a voluntary council of business leaders supporting accounting education. She has served as a non-interested Trustee of Northern Funds and Northern Institutional Funds since January 2019.

Ingrid LaMae A. de Jongh: Ms. de Jongh served as a partner in the global financial services strategy at Accenture, and was with the global management consulting and professional services firm from 1987 through 2012. While at Accenture, she helped global financial institutions improve their business performance by developing strategies and business models, and implementing business change programs and systems. Since 2016, she has been Head of School Management and Technology at Success Academy Charter Schools, the largest network and highest-performing free, public charter schools in New York City. Ms. de Jongh is a former member of the Board of Carver Bancorp, Inc. in New York City, where she served as a member of the Nominating and Governance Committees and the Compensation Committee. She is currently on the Board of Directors of Bank Leumi USA. Ms. de Jongh had previously served from 2011 to 2013 as a member of the U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Advisory Council for Minority Business Enterprises. She has served as a non-interested Trustee of Northern Funds and Northern Institutional Funds since January 2019.

Mark G. Doll: Mr. Doll has over 40 years of experience in the investment management industry. He was Chief Investment Officer of Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company from 2008 to 2012. During that time, he was responsible for over $180 billion in account assets, and managed the Northwestern Mutual Series, Inc., a 1940 Act registered mutual fund complex offering 28 portfolios. During his 40-year career at Northwestern Mutual, Mr. Doll oversaw all aspects of the company’s publicly traded assets. As Chief Investment Officer, he was a member of the seven-person management committee that oversaw all aspects of Northwestern Mutual’s asset management business. Mr. Doll’s extensive experience in mutual fund and separate account management provided him with significant knowledge of equity, fixed income and money market funds. He has served as a non-interested Trustee of Northern Funds and Northern Institutional Funds since 2013.

Sandra Polk Guthman: Ms. Guthman has been the chair since 1988 and was the chief executive officer from 1993 to 2012 of Polk Bros. Foundation, a multi-million dollar private foundation. In her capacity as chief executive officer, she analyzed investments for the foundation and therefore also has experience supervising and evaluating investment advisers and their performance. From 2011 to June 2015, she also served on the Investment Committee of Wellesley College, providing additional experience in supervising and evaluating investment advisers and their performance. In addition, Ms. Guthman has experience in the securities industry generally as a result of her service as a director of MBIA Insurance Corp. of Illinois, a private municipal bond insurance company, now known as National Public Finance Guarantee Corporation. Ms. Guthman has also chaired a number of governance and nominating committees of other boards of directors and served previously on the board of directors of a Chicago bank. She also is familiar with the functions of the Board and its oversight responsibilities with respect to the Investment Adviser and the other Fund service providers as a result of her service as a non-interested Trustee of Northern Funds since 2000 and Northern Institutional Funds since 1997.

Thomas A. Kloet: Mr. Kloet is a long-time financial industry executive and former Chief Executive Officer of TMX Group, Ltd., a financial services company and operator of stock, derivatives exchanges, their clearing operations and securities depository. As a result of this position, Mr. Kloet is familiar with financial, investment and business matters. He also understands the functions of a board through his service during the past six years on the Boards of TMX Group, Ltd.; Nasdaq Inc. (and the Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC as well as certain other subsidiaries of Nasdaq, Inc. where he has served as Board Chair since 2016); Box Options Exchange; FTSE-TMX Global Debt Capital Markets, Inc.; Bermuda Stock Exchange, Inc.; the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada and the World Federation of Exchanges. He is a certified public accountant, a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and is an emeritus member of the Board of Elmhurst College. He has served as a non-interested Trustee of Northern Funds and Northern Institutional Funds since 2015.

Mr. Kloet serves on the Board of Directors of Nasdaq, Inc. Northern Trust Corporation (“NTC”), parent company of NTI, and its affiliates (including affiliated fund complexes) pay listing fees, market data fees, GRC (governance risk and compliance) software fees and similar fees to Nasdaq, Inc. and its affiliates, The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC and Nasdaq OMX Nordic OY and BWise Internal Control Inc. (collectively, “Nasdaq”). The total of these payments were $691,960 and $762,730 in each of 2017 and 2018, respectively, which are immaterial to Nasdaq’s gross revenues. Nasdaq, Inc. paid The Northern Trust Company, an affiliate of NTI, $380,994 and $422,984 in each of 2017 and 2018, respectively, for managing Nasdaq’s pension funds, which are immaterial to NTC’s gross revenues. In consideration of the immaterial amounts involved in the foregoing transactions, Mr. Kloet is not considered to have a material business or professional relationship with NTI or its affiliates.

David R. Martin: As of June 2019, Mr. Martin became Chief Financial Officer for Neo Tech, an electronics manufacturer. Mr. Martin was Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer from 2007 to 2016 of Dimensional Fund Advisors LP, a global investment manager that provides its services largely to investment companies or their local equivalent (mutual funds in the United States). The funds are held primarily by clients of independent financial advisors but they are also held by institutional clients (who may invest in separate accounts), pensions and profit sharing plans, corporations, defined contribution plans, endowments, state and municipal entities, and sovereign wealth funds. Mr. Martin had oversight responsibilities for all finance and accounting, real estate and compliance functions while at Dimensional, including the implementation of a global transfer pricing methodology. He also served as a director on eight internal Dimensional boards. During his 35 year career in corporate finance, Mr. Martin also had senior management positions at Janus Capital Group, Inc. and Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. and senior level finance positions at First Interstate Bank of Texas, N.A. and Texas Commerce Bancshares, Inc. Mr. Martin is familiar with the functions of mutual fund boards and their oversight responsibilities and the operations of fund advisers and other service providers. He is also well versed in risk management and financial matters affecting mutual funds. He has served as a non-interested Trustee of Northern Funds and Northern Institutional Funds since 2017.

Cynthia R. Plouché: Ms. Plouché has an extensive background in the financial services industry. Until May 2017, she served as lead Independent Trustee and chair of the Audit Committee of the Board of Trustees of AXA Premier VIP Trust, a registered investment company. She currently serves as an Independent Trustee of Barings Fund Trust, a registered investment company and an Independent Trustee of Barings Global Short Duration High Yield Fund, a closed-end investment company. She also has served as portfolio manager and chief investment officer for other registered investment advisers. Ms. Plouché is therefore familiar with the functions of mutual fund boards and their oversight responsibilities and the operations of fund advisers and other service providers. In addition, Ms. Plouché served as Township Assessor for Moraine, Illinois from January 2014 to June 2018. She has served as a non-interested Trustee of Northern Funds and Northern Institutional Funds since 2014.

Mary Jacobs Skinner: Ms. Skinner was a partner until November 30, 2015 at Sidley Austin LLP, a large international law firm, in which she managed a regulatory-based practice. As a result of this position, Ms. Skinner is familiar with legal, regulatory and financial matters. She was a Harvard Advanced Leadership

Fellow in 2016. She also is familiar with the functions of the Board and its oversight responsibilities with respect to the Investment Adviser and other Fund service providers as a result of her service as a Trustee of Northern Funds since 1998 and Northern Institutional Funds since 2000.

INTERESTED TRUSTEE

Darek Wojnar, CFA: Mr. Wojnar is the Executive Vice President and Head of the Funds and Managed Accounts Group at NTI. He principally leads the development, management and distribution of Northern Funds, Northern Institutional Funds, FlexShares Trust and related business activities. Mr. Wojnar also oversees the Managed Accounts practice for NTI, which offers investment advisory solutions to financial intermediaries and their clients. With extensive business experience and a history of successfully building strong teams, Mr. Wojnar’s broad executive responsibilities include developing long-term strategies, executing operating plans, managing client and vendor relationships and developing and retaining talented professionals. Mr. Wojnar has also had a series of executive positions at other fund groups, including head of ETFs for Hartford Funds, managing director and head of US iShares product at BlackRock and executive director at UBS Global Asset Management. He has served as an interested Trustee of Northern Funds and Northern Institutional Funds since January 2019.

STANDING BOARD COMMITTEES. The Board has established four standing committees in connection with its governance of the Trust: Audit, Governance, Valuation and Executive.

The Audit Committee consists of five members: Messrs. Martin (Chairperson), Doll (ex-officio), Kloet, and Mses. Bobek and Guthman (ex-officio). The Audit Committee oversees the audit process and provides assistance to the full Board with respect to fund accounting, tax compliance and financial statement matters. In performing its responsibilities, the Audit Committee selects and recommends annually to the entire Board an independent registered public accounting firm to audit the books and records of the Trust for the ensuing year, and reviews with the firm the scope and results of each audit. The Audit Committee also is designated as the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Audit Committee convenes at least four times each year to meet with the independent registered public accounting firm to review the scope and results of the audit and to discuss other non-audit matters as requested by the Board’s Chairperson, the Committee Chairperson or the independent registered public accounting firm. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the Audit Committee convened five times.

The Governance Committee consists of four members: Mses. Plouché (Chairperson), Guthman (ex-officio), Skinner and Mr. Kloet. The functions performed by the Governance Committee include, among other things, selecting and nominating candidates to serve as non-interested Trustees, reviewing and making recommendations regarding Trustee compensation, developing policies regarding Trustee education and, subject to Board oversight, supervising the Trust’s CCO and reviewing information and making recommendations to the Board in connection with the Board’s annual consideration of the Trust’s management, custody and transfer agency and service agreements. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the Governance Committee convened five times.

As stated above, each Trustee holds office for an indefinite term until the occurrence of certain events. In filling Board vacancies, the Governance Committee will consider nominees recommended by shareholders. Nominee recommendations should be submitted to Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996.

The Valuation Committee consists of five members: Messrs. Doll (Chairperson), Martin (ex-officio) and Wojnar and Mses. de Jongh and Guthman (ex officio). The Valuation Committee is authorized to act for the Board in connection with the valuation of portfolio securities of the Funds in accordance with the Trust’s valuation procedures. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the Valuation Committee convened four times.

The Executive Committee consists of four members: Mses. Guthman (Chairperson) and Plouché and Messrs. Doll and Martin. The Executive Committee is comprised of the Chairperson of the Board as well as the Chairpersons of the Governance, Valuation and Audit Committees, with the remaining Trustees each serving as an alternate in the event of an emergency. The Executive Committee is granted the power to act on behalf of the full Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Trust, to be exercised when circumstances impair the ability of the Board or its committees to conduct business. In particular, the Executive Committee may take action with respect to: (1) the valuation of securities; and (2) the suspension of redemptions. The Executive Committee was formed on May 21, 2015 and will convene as necessary upon notice by the Chairperson of the Committee. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the Executive Committee did not convene.

TRUSTEE OWNERSHIP OF FUND SHARES. The following table shows the dollar range of shares of the Funds owned by each Trustee in the Funds included in this SAI and other investment portfolios of the Northern Funds and Northern Institutional Funds.


Information as of December 31, 2018
Name of Non-Interested Trustee	Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Funds included in this SAI	Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies⁽¹⁾
Therese M. Bobek⁽²⁾	None	Over $100,000
Ingrid LaMae A. de Jongh⁽²⁾	None	None
Mark G. Doll	None	Over $100,000
Sandra Polk Guthman	Money Market Fund – $10,001 – $50,000	Over $100,000
Thomas A. Kloet	None	Over $100,000
David R. Martin	None	$50,001 – $100,000
Cynthia R. Plouché	None	Over $100,000
Mary Jacobs Skinner	U.S. Government Money Market Fund – $50,001 – $100,000	Over $100,000⁽³⁾

Name of Interested Trustee

Dollar Range of Equity Securities in each Fund

included in this SAI

Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity
Securities in All Registered Investment
Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family
of Investment Companies⁽¹⁾

Darek Wojnar⁽²⁾

None

⁽¹⁾	The Northern Funds Complex consists of Northern Institutional Funds and Northern Funds. As of December 31, 2018, Northern Funds offered 43 portfolios and Northern Institutional Funds consisted of 7 portfolios.

⁽²⁾	Mses. Bobek and de Jongh and Mr. Wojnar became Trustees effective January 1, 2019.

⁽³⁾	Includes amounts in Ms. Skinner’s Deferred Compensation Plan account, which is treated as if invested in the U.S. Government Portfolio of Northern Institutional Funds.

TRUSTEE AND OFFICER COMPENSATION. The Trust pays each Trustee who is not an officer, director or employee of Northern Trust Corporation or its subsidiaries annual fees for his or her services as a Trustee of the Trust and as a member of the respective Board committees. In recognition of their services, the fees paid to the Board and Committee chairpersons are larger than the fees paid to other members of the Board and Committees. The Trustees also are reimbursed for travel expenses incurred in connection with attending such meetings. The Trust also may pay the incidental costs of a Trustee to attend training or other types of conferences relating to the investment company industry.

The following tables set forth certain information with respect to the compensation of each non-interested and interested Trustee of the Trust for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.

Non-Interested Trustees


	Money Market Fund		Municipal Money Market Fund		U.S. Government Money Market Fund		U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund		Total Compensation from Fund Complex⁽¹⁾
William L. Bax⁽²⁾	$	943	$	943	$	14,450	$	3,770	$	195,000
Therese M. Bobek⁽³⁾		259		259		4,140		1,035		56,250
Ingrid LaMae A. de Jongh⁽³⁾		259		259		4,140		1,035		56,250
Mark G. Doll		1,260		1,260		19,511		5,039		263,750
Sandra Polk Guthman		1,409		1,409		21,822		5,635		295,000
Thomas A. Kloet		1,253		1,253		19,418		5,012		262,500
David R. Martin		1,133		1,133		17,566		4,531		237,500
Cynthia R. Plouché		1,158		1,158		17,974		4,630		251,600
Mary Jacobs Skinner⁽⁴⁾		1,201		1,201		18,590		4,805		251,250	⁽³ ⁾
Casey J. Sylla⁽²⁾		943		943		14,450		3,770		195,000

Interested Trustees


	Money Market Fund	Municipal Money Market Fund	U.S. Government Money Market Fund	U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund	Total Compensation from Fund Complex⁽¹⁾
Shundrawn A. Thomas⁽²⁾⁽⁵⁾	None	None	None	None	None
Darek Wojnar⁽³⁾⁽⁵⁾	None	None	None	None	None

⁽¹⁾	The Northern Funds Complex consists of Northern Institutional Funds and Northern Funds. As of March 31, 2019, Northern Funds offered 43 portfolios and Northern Institutional Funds consisted of 7 portfolios.

⁽²⁾	Effective December 31, 2018, William L. Bax and Casey J. Sylla retired as Trustees. Also, effective December 31, 2018, Shundrawn Thomas resigned from the Board.

⁽³⁾	Mses. Bobek and de Jongh and Mr. Wojnar became Trustees effective January 1, 2019.

⁽⁴⁾	Ms. Skinner did not defer compensation for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. During that time, Ms. Skinner earned $4,575 in accrued interest from previous years’ deferred compensation.

⁽⁵⁾	As “interested” Trustees who are officers, directors and employees of Northern Trust Corporation and/or its affiliates, Messrs. Thomas and Wojnar did not receive any compensation from the Trust for their services.

The Trust does not provide pension or retirement benefits to its Trustees.

Prior to August 22, 2013, each Trustee was entitled to participate in the Northern Funds Deferred Compensation Plan (the “D.C. Plan”). Effective August 22, 2013, the Trustees may no longer defer their compensation. Any amounts deferred and invested under the D.C. Plan shall remain invested pursuant to the terms of the D.C. Plan. Under the D.C. Plan, a Trustee may have elected to have his or her deferred fees treated as if they had been invested by the Trust in the shares of the Global Tactical Asset Allocation Fund of Northern Funds or the U.S. Government Portfolio of Northern Institutional Funds and/or at the discretion of the Trust, another money market fund selected by the Trust that complied with the provisions of Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act or one or more short-term fixed-income instruments selected by the Trust that are “eligible securities” as defined by that rule. The amount paid to the Trustees under the D.C. Plan will be determined based upon the performance of such investments. Deferral of Trustees’ fees will not obligate the Trust to retain the service of any Trustee or obligate a Fund to any level of compensation to the Trustee. The Trust may invest in underlying securities without shareholder approval.

The Trust’s officers do not receive fees from the Trust for services in such capacities. Northern Trust Corporation and/or its affiliates, of which Mses. Burke and Chappell and Messrs., Chidsey, Crabill, Del Real, Ewing, Meehan, Meikel, O’Rourke, Pryszcz, and Rein are officers, receive fees from the Trust as Investment Adviser, Custodian and Transfer Agent.

CODE OF ETHICS

The Trust and its Investment Adviser have adopted codes of ethics (the “Codes of Ethics”) under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. Northern Funds Distributors, LLC (“NFD” or the “Distributor”), an unaffiliated principal underwriter of the Trust, is exempt from the requirements of Rule 17j-1(c)(1) and (c)(2) of the 1940 Act. The Codes of Ethics permit personnel, subject to the Codes of Ethics and their provisions, to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Trust.

INVESTMENT ADVISER, TRANSFER AGENT AND CUSTODIAN

NTI, an indirect subsidiary of Northern Trust Corporation, serves as the Investment Adviser and provides investment advisory and administration services to the Funds. Northern Trust Corporation is regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as a financial holding company under the U.S. Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. NTI is located at 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603.

TNTC is the principal subsidiary of Northern Trust Corporation and serves as the sub-administrator, transfer agent and custodian for the Funds. TNTC is located at 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603. TNTC is a member of the Federal Reserve System. Since 1889, TNTC has administered and managed assets for individuals, institutions and corporations. Unless otherwise indicated, NTI and TNTC are referred to collectively in this SAI as “Northern Trust.”

As of June 30, 2019, Northern Trust Corporation, through its affiliates, had assets under custody of $8.52 trillion, and assets under investment management of $1.18 trillion.

Management Agreement

NTI provides the Funds with investment advisory and administration services under a single agreement (the “Management Agreement”) and fee structure. Under the Management Agreement with NTI for the Funds, subject to the general supervision of the Board, NTI makes decisions with respect to, and places orders for, all purchases and sales of portfolio securities for each Fund and also provides certain administration services to the Funds.

NTI is also responsible for monitoring and preserving the records required to be maintained under the regulations of the SEC (with certain exceptions unrelated to its activities for the Trust). In making investment recommendations for the Funds, if any, investment advisory personnel of NTI may not inquire or take into consideration whether issuers of securities proposed for purchase or sale for the Funds’ accounts are customers of TNTC’s commercial banking department. These requirements are designed to prevent investment advisory personnel for the Funds from knowing which companies have commercial business with TNTC and from purchasing securities where they know the proceeds will be used to repay loans to the bank.

The Management Agreement has been approved by the Board, including the “non-interested” Trustees and by shareholders of each Fund.

The Management Agreement provides that generally in selecting brokers or dealers to place orders for transactions on (i) common and preferred stocks, the Investment Adviser shall use its best judgment to obtain the best overall terms available; and (ii) on bonds and other fixed-income obligations, the Investment Adviser shall attempt to obtain the best net price and execution. Purchases by the Funds from underwriters of portfolio securities normally include a commission or concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter, and purchases from dealers include the spread between the dealer’s cost for a given security and the resale price of the security.

Transactions on U.S. stock exchanges involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions. On exchanges on which commissions are negotiated, the cost of transactions may vary among different brokers. In assessing the best overall terms available for any transaction, the Investment Adviser is to consider all factors it deems relevant, including the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer, and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, both for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. In evaluating the best overall terms available and in selecting the broker or dealer to execute a particular transaction, the Investment Adviser may consider the brokerage and research services provided to the Funds and/or other accounts over which the Investment Adviser or an affiliate exercises investment discretion. A broker or dealer providing brokerage and/or research services may receive a higher commission than another broker or dealer would receive for the same transaction. These brokerage and research services may include but are not limited to, furnishing of advice, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in securities and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities. The Investment Adviser also may obtain economic statistics, forecasting services, industry and company analyses, portfolio strategies, quantitative data, quotation services, order management systems for certain purposes, certain news services, credit rating services, testing services, execution services, market information systems, consulting services from economists and political analysts and computer software or on-line data feeds. These services and products may disproportionately benefit other accounts. For example, research or other services paid for through the Funds’ commissions may not be used in managing the Funds. In addition, other accounts may receive the benefit, including disproportionate benefits, of economies of scale or price discounts in connection with products or services that may be provided to the Funds and to such other accounts. To the extent that the Investment Adviser uses soft dollars, it will not have to pay for those products or services itself. The Investment Adviser may receive research that is bundled with the trade execution, clearing, and/or settlement services provided by a particular broker-dealer. In that event, the research will effectively be paid for by client commissions that will also be used to pay for execution, clearing and settlement services provided by the broker-dealer and will not be paid by the Investment Adviser.

Member States of the European Union recently put in place new laws and regulations to implement the second Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (“MiFID II”). This law imposes new regulatory obligations and costs, including with respect to the processes and conditions under which global asset managers may acquire investment research. Investment managers subject to MiFID II may not receive investment research from brokers unless the investment manager pays for such research directly from its own resources or research is paid for from a separate source (or a combination of the two methods). Although the Investment Adviser is organized in the U.S., it may be affected by MiFID II if the Investment Adviser seeks to (i) aggregate trades on behalf of a Fund with those of vehicles that are directly subject to MiFID II, (ii) use brokers based in the European Union, or (iii) make use of advisory personnel who are subject to European Union regulation.

The Investment Adviser and its affiliates may also receive products and services that provide both research and non-research benefits to them (“mixed-use items”). The research portion of mixed-use items may be paid for with soft dollars. When paying for the research portion of mixed-use items with soft dollars, the Investment Adviser must make a good faith allocation between the cost of the research portion and the cost of the non-research portion of the mixed-use items. The Investment Adviser will pay for the non-research portion of the mixed-use items with hard dollars.

Supplemental research information so received is in addition to, and not in lieu of, services required to be performed by the Investment Adviser and does not reduce the management fees payable to the Investment

Adviser by the Funds. The Trustees will periodically review the commissions paid by the Funds to consider whether the commissions paid over representative periods of time appear to be reasonable in relation to the benefits inuring to the Funds. It is possible that certain of the supplemental research or other services received will primarily benefit one or more other investment companies or other accounts. Conversely, a Fund may be the primary beneficiary of the research or services received as a result of portfolio transactions effected for such other account or investment company.

The Funds may participate, if and when practicable, in bidding for the purchase of portfolio securities directly from an issuer in order to take advantage of the lower purchase price available to members of a bidding group. The Funds will engage in this practice, however, only when the Investment Adviser believes such practice to be in the Funds’ interests.

On occasions when the Investment Adviser deems the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interests of a Fund as well as other fiduciary or agency accounts (“other accounts”) managed by the Investment Adviser, the Management Agreement provides that the Investment Adviser, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may aggregate the securities to be sold or purchased for the Funds with those to be sold or purchased for such other accounts in order to obtain the best net price and execution. In such an event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Investment Adviser in the manner it considers to be the most equitable and consistent with its obligations to the Fund and other accounts involved. In some instances, this procedure may adversely affect the size of the position obtainable for a Fund or the amount of the securities that are able to be sold for a Fund. To the extent that the execution and price available from more than one broker or dealer are believed to be comparable, the Management Agreement permits the Investment Adviser, at its discretion but subject to applicable law, to select the executing broker or dealer on the basis of the Investment Adviser’s opinion of the reliability and quality of the broker or dealer.

The Investment Adviser is also responsible for providing certain administration services to the Funds pursuant to the Management Agreement. Subject to the general supervision of the Board, the Investment Adviser provides supervision of all aspects of the Funds’ operations and performs the customary services of an administrator, including but not limited to the following corporate treasury, secretarial and “blue sky” services: (a) maintaining office facilities and furnishing corporate officers for the Funds; (b) furnishing data processing services, clerical services, and executive and administrative services and standard stationery and office supplies; (c) performing all functions ordinarily performed by the office of a corporate treasurer, and furnishing the services and facilities ordinarily incident thereto, such as expense accrual monitoring and payment of the Funds’ bills, preparing monthly reconciliation of the Funds’ expense records, updating projections of annual expenses, preparing materials for review by the Board, and compliance testing; (d) preparing and arranging for printing of financial statements; (e) preparing and filing the Funds’ federal and state tax returns (other than those required to be filed by the Funds’ custodian and transfer agent) and providing shareholder tax information to the Funds’ transfer agent; (f) assisting the Funds’ Investment Adviser, at the Investment Adviser’s request, in monitoring and developing compliance procedures for the Funds which include, among other matters, procedures to assist the Investment Adviser in monitoring compliance with each Fund’s investment objective, policies, restrictions, tax matters and applicable laws and regulations; (g) assisting in product development; (h) performing oversight/management responsibilities such as the supervision and coordination of certain of the Funds’ service providers; (i) performing corporate secretarial services such as assisting in maintaining corporate records and the good standing status of the Trust in its state of organization; (j) performing “blue sky” compliance functions; (k) monitoring the Funds’ arrangements with respect to services provided by Service Organizations (as defined below) to their customers who are the beneficial owners of shares, pursuant to agreements between the Funds and such Service Organizations; (l) performing certain legal services such as preparing and filing annual Post-Effective Amendments to the Funds’ registration statement and other SEC filings for the Funds; and (m) computing and determining on the days and at the times specified in the Funds’ then-current Prospectus, the NAV of each share of each Fund and the net income of each Fund. Pursuant to a Sub-Administration Agreement, NTI has delegated certain of the above administration services to TNTC.

Unless sooner terminated, the Trust’s Management Agreement will continue in effect with respect to each Fund until June 30, 2019. Thereafter, the Management Agreement will continue in effect for successive 12-month periods, provided that the continuance is approved at least annually (i) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Management Agreement or “interested persons” (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of any party thereto, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval and (ii) by the Trustees or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of such Fund (as defined under “Description of Shares”).

The Management Agreement is terminable at any time without penalty by the Trust (by specified Trustee or shareholder action) or by the Investment Adviser, on 60 days’ written notice.

The Management Agreement provides that the Investment Adviser may render similar services to others so long as its services under the Management Agreement are not impaired thereby. The Management Agreement also provides that the Trust will indemnify the Investment Adviser against certain liabilities (including, with respect to the advisory services provided by the Investment Adviser under the Management Agreement, liabilities under the federal securities laws relating to untrue statements or omissions of material fact and actions that are in accordance with the terms of the Management Agreement) or, in lieu thereof, contribute to resulting losses.

Northern Trust Corporation and its affiliates may act as an underwriter of various securities. Under the 1940 Act, the Funds are precluded, subject to certain exceptions, from purchasing in the primary market those securities with respect to which Northern Trust Corporation or an affiliate is serving as a principal underwriter. In the opinion of Northern Trust Corporation or an affiliate, this limitation will not significantly affect the ability of the Funds to pursue their respective investment objectives.

In the Management Agreement, the Investment Adviser agrees that the name “Northern” may be used in connection with the Trust’s business on a royalty-free basis. TNTC has reserved to itself the right to grant the non-exclusive right to use the name “Northern” to any other person. The Management Agreement provides that at such time as the Management Agreement is no longer in effect, the Trust will cease using the name “Northern.”


	CONTRACTUAL MANAGEMENT FEE RATE
Money Market Fund		0.33	%
Municipal Money Market Fund		0.33	%
U.S. Government Money Market Fund		0.33	%
U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund		0.33	%

For the fiscal years indicated below, the amount of management fees paid by each of the Funds was as follows:


	Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2019		Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2018		Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2017
Money Market Fund	$	1,657,210	$	674,186	$	11,208,704
Municipal Money Market Fund		2,209,660		1,651,592		8,679,595
U.S. Government Money Market Fund		57,154,519		51,463,649		33,495,827
U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund		11,943,437		11,404,023		11,859,456

Transfer Agency and Service Agreement

Under its Transfer Agency and Service Agreement with the Trust, TNTC as Transfer Agent has undertaken to perform certain services for the Funds, including but not limited to the following: (i) answer shareholder inquiries and respond to requests for information regarding the Trust; (ii) process purchase and redemption transactions; (iii) establish and maintain shareholder accounts and subaccounts; (iv) furnish confirmations in accordance with applicable law, and provide periodic account statements to each shareholder; (v) furnish proxy statements and proxies, annual and semi-annual financial statements, and dividend, distribution and tax notices to shareholders; (vi) act as dividend disbursing agent; (vii) report abandoned property to state authorities; (viii) impose, collect, account for and administer redemption fees, if applicable, on redemptions and exchanges; (ix) process, handle and account for all “as of” transactions; (x) conduct daily reviews of management reports related to late trading and daily value reviews with respect to the Trust’s excessive trading policies; and (xi) maintain appropriate records relating to its services. The Trust may appoint one or more sub-transfer agents in the performance of its services.

As compensation for the services rendered by TNTC under the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement and the assumption by TNTC of related expenses, for the periods through July 31, 2019, TNTC is entitled to a fee from the Trust, payable monthly, at an annual rate of 0.015% of the average daily net assets of each of the Funds. In addition, TNTC may be reimbursed for certain expenses as provided under the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement. Effective August 1, 2019, the Trust pays TNTC a monthly fee based on an annual rate of 0.0190% of each Fund’s average daily net assets. In addition, TNTC may be reimbursed for certain expenses as provided in the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement. The Transfer Agency and Service Agreement shall continue indefinitely until terminated by the Trust by not less than 90 days’ written notice or by the Transfer Agent by not less than six months written notice.

For the fiscal years indicated below, the amount of transfer agent fees paid by each of the Funds was as follows:


	Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2019		Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2018		Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2017
Money Market Fund	$	75,335	$	30,648	$	509,442
Municipal Money Market Fund		100,449		75,079		394,493
U.S. Government Money Market Fund		2,598,191		2,339,490		1,522,517
U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund		542,937		518,416		539,042

Custody Agreement

Under its Custody Agreement with the Trust, TNTC (the “Custodian”) (i) holds each Fund’s cash and securities, (ii) maintains such cash and securities in separate accounts in the name of each Fund, (iii) makes receipts and disbursements of funds on behalf of each Fund, (iv) receives, delivers and releases securities on behalf of each Fund, (v) collects and receives all income, principal and other payments in respect of the Fund’s investments held by the Custodian, (vi) to the extent applicable to the Funds, is responsible for the Funds’ foreign custody arrangements pertaining to its activities under the Custody Agreement, and (vii) maintains all records of its activities and obligations under the Custody Agreement. The Custodian may appoint one or more sub-custodians and shall oversee the maintenance by any sub-custodian of any securities or other assets held by any Fund. The Custody Agreement provides that the Custodian will use reasonable care, prudence and diligence with respect to its obligations under the Custody Agreement and the safekeeping of the Funds’ property and shall be liable to and shall indemnify the Trust from and against any loss that occurs as a result of the failure of the Custodian or a sub-custodian to exercise reasonable care, prudence and diligence with respect to their respective obligations under the Custody Agreement and the safekeeping of such property. The Custodian is not responsible for any act, omission, or default of, or for the solvency of, any eligible securities depository, nor is the Custodian responsible for any act, omission, or default of, or for the solvency of, any broker or agent that it or a sub-custodian appoints and uses unless such appointment and use is made or done negligently or in bad faith.

As compensation for the domestic custody services rendered with respect to each applicable Fund, and the assumption by the Custodian of certain related expenses, for periods through July 31, 2019, the Custodian was entitled to payment from the Trust as follows: (a) a basic custodial fee of (i) $18,000 annually for each Fund; plus (ii) 1/100th of 1% annually of each Fund’s average daily net assets to the extent they exceed $100 million, plus (b) a fixed dollar fee for each trade in portfolio securities; plus (c) a fixed dollar fee for each time that the Custodian receives or transmits funds via wire; plus (d) reimbursement of other out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Custodian. The fees referred to in clauses (b) and (c) are subject to annual upward adjustments based on increases in the CPI-U, provided that the Custodian may permanently or temporarily waive all or any portion of any upward adjustment. The Custodian’s fees under the Custody Agreement are subject to reduction based on each Fund’s daily-uninvested U.S. cash balances (if any). The Custody Agreement shall continue indefinitely until terminated by the Trust by not less than 60 days’ written notice, or by the Custodian by not less than 90 days’ written notice.

To the extent applicable to each Fund, as compensation for the foreign custody services rendered to the Trust by the Custodian with respect to a Fund, and the assumption by the Custodian of certain related expenses, for periods through July 31, 2019, the Custodian was entitled to payment from the Trust as follows: (i) $35,000 annually for each Fund; plus (ii) 9/100th of 1% annually of each Fund’s average daily net assets; plus (iii) reimbursement for other out-of-pocket fees incurred by the Custodian.

Effective August 1, 2019, the Custodian receives from the Trust, with respect to services rendered to each Fund: (i) an annual fixed fee; plus (ii) an annual percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets; plus (iii) an annual fixed dollar fee for each portfolio holding; plus (iv) fixed dollar fees for each trade in portfolio securities; plus (v) reimbursement for other out-of-pocket fees incurred by the Custodian.

For the fiscal years indicated below, the amount of custodian fees (after custodian credits, if any) paid by each Fund was as follows:


	Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2019		Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2018		Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2017
Money Market Fund	$	90,373	$	57,380	$	394,648
Municipal Money Market Fund		86,154		68,926		288,207
U.S. Government Money Market Fund		1,836,349		1,671,684		1,107,329
U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund		421,016		401,575		406,985

BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS

For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, all Fund transactions for the Funds were executed on a principal basis and, therefore, no brokerage commissions were paid by the Funds. Purchases by the Funds from underwriters of Fund securities, however, normally include a commission or concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter, and purchases from dealers include the spread between the dealer’s cost for a given security and the resale price of the security. The Funds did not pay concessions or commissions during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

To the extent that a Fund effects brokerage transactions with any broker/dealer affiliated directly or indirectly with the Investment Adviser, such transactions, including the frequency thereof, the receipt of any commissions payable in connection therewith, and the selection of the affiliated broker/dealer effecting such transactions, will be fair and reasonable to the shareholders of the Fund. No commissions were paid by the Funds described in this SAI to any direct or indirect “affiliated” persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds. Many over-the-counter issues, including corporate debt and government securities, are often traded on a “net” basis (i.e., without commission) through dealers, or otherwise involve transactions directly with the issuer of an instrument. With respect to over-the-counter transactions, the Investment Adviser will normally deal directly

with dealers who make a market in the instruments involved except in those circumstances where more favorable prices and execution are available elsewhere. The cost of domestic securities purchased from underwriters includes an underwriting commission or concession, and the prices at which securities are purchased from and sold to dealers include a dealer’s mark-up or mark-down.

The Trust is required to identify any securities of its “regular brokers or dealers” or their parents that the Funds acquired during the most recent fiscal year.

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the Money Market Fund acquired and sold securities of the following regular broker/dealers and owned the following amounts of securities of such regular broker/dealers, as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act, or their parent companies:


Name of Regular Broker/ Dealer of which the Fund Acquired and Sold Securities	Parent Company Name (if applicable)	As of March 31, 2019, the Fund Owned the Following Approximate Aggregate Market Value of Securities
Bank of Nova Scotia	N/A	$	3,000,000
Citigroup	N/A		15,574,000
JPMorgan Chase Securities	N/A		34,983,000
Merrill Lynch	N/A		10,000,000

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the U.S. Government Money Market Fund acquired and sold securities of the following regular broker/dealers and owned the following amounts of securities of such regular broker/dealers, as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act, or their parent companies:


Name of Regular Broker/ Dealer of which the Fund Acquired and Sold Securities	Parent Company Name (if applicable)	As of March 31, 2019, the Fund Owned the Following Approximate Aggregate Market Value of Securities
Bank of America	N/A	$	6,113,000
Bank of New York Mellon	N/A		1,000,000,000
Citigroup	N/A		4,740,000
ING Bank N.V.	N/A		650,000,000
JPMorgan Chase Securities	N/A		50,000,000
Nomura Securities	N/A		2,970,000,000
Royal Bank of Canada	N/A		1,000,000,000

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund acquired and sold securities of the following regular broker/dealers and owned the following amounts of securities of such regular broker/dealers, as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act, or their parent companies:


Name of Regular Broker/ Dealer of which the Fund Acquired and Sold Securities	Parent Company Name (if applicable)	As of March 31, 2019, the Fund Owned the Following Approximate Aggregate Market Value of Securities
Bank of America	N/A	$	440,000,000
Bank of Nova Scotia	N/A		235,000,000
Barclays	N/A		100,000,000
Citigroup	N/A		55,629,000
JPMorgan Chase Securities	N/A		400,000,000

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the Municipal Money Market Fund did not acquire, sell or own any securities of its regular broker/dealers or their parent companies.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

NTI’s portfolio managers are often responsible for managing one or more Northern Funds, as well as other client accounts, including exchange-traded funds, separate accounts and other pooled investment vehicles. A Fund’s manager may manage various client accounts that may have materially higher or lower fee arrangements than the Fund. The side-by-side management of these accounts may raise potential conflicts of interest relating to cross trading, the allocation of investment opportunities and the aggregation and allocation of trades. In addition, while portfolio managers generally only manage accounts with similar investment strategies, it is possible, that due to varying investment restrictions among accounts certain investments are made for some accounts and not others or conflicting investment positions could be taken among accounts. Some portfolio managers may be dual officers of one or more NTI affiliates and undertake investment advisory duties for the affiliates. The portfolio managers have a responsibility to manage all client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. NTI seeks to provide best execution of all securities transactions and aggregate and then allocate securities to client accounts in a fair and timely manner. To this end, NTI has developed policies and procedures designed to mitigate and manage the potential conflicts of interest that may arise from side-by-side management.

NTI may have a financial incentive to favor accounts with performance-based fees because there may be an opportunity to earn greater fees on such accounts compared to accounts without performance-based fees. As a result, NTI may have an incentive to direct its best investment ideas to or allocate the sequencing of trades in favor of the account that pays a performance fee. NTI may also have an incentive to recommend investments that may be riskier or more speculative than those that it would recommend under a different fee arrangement.

NTI may invest client accounts in affiliated investment pools. If appropriate and consistent with the client’s investment objectives and applicable law, NTI may recommend to clients investment pools in which it or an affiliate provides services for a fee. NTI has an incentive to allocate investments to these types of affiliated investment pools in order to generate additional fees for NTI or its affiliates. In addition, NTI could direct its best investment ideas to these investment products or investment pools to the potential disadvantage of the Funds.

As NTI becomes aware of additional potential or actual conflicts of interest, they will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis.

NTI manages its client accounts consistent with applicable law and follows its own policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to treat clients fairly and to prevent any client or group of clients from being systematically favored or disadvantaged.

NTI provides advice and makes investment decisions for client accounts that it believes are consistent with each client’s stated investment objectives and guidelines. Advice given to clients or investment decisions made for clients may differ from, or may conflict with, advice given or investment decisions made for clients of an NTI affiliate. Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding the Trust may benefit NTI or its affiliates or another account or fund managed by NTI or its affiliates. Actions taken with respect to NTI’s and its affiliates’ other funds or accounts managed by them may adversely impact the Funds, and actions taken by the Funds may benefit NTI or its affiliates or their other funds or accounts. NTI may also invest in the same securities that it or its affiliates recommend to clients. When NTI or an affiliate currently holds for its own benefit the same securities as a client, it could be viewed as having a potential conflict of interest.

Generally, NTI will not, as principal for its own account, buy securities from or sell securities to any client. It is possible that an affiliate, will, as principal, purchase securities from or sell securities to its clients.

From time to time securities to be sold on behalf of a client may be suitable for purchase by another client. In such instances, if NTI determines in good faith that the transaction is in the best interest of each client, it may arrange for the securities to be crossed between client accounts at an independently determined fair market value and in compliance with the 1940 Act, if applicable. Cross-trades present conflicts of interest, as there may be an

incentive for NTI to favor one client to the disadvantage of another. Cross-trades are only effected as permitted under applicable law and regulation and consistent with the client’s guidelines, with any restrictions. NTI does not receive fees or commissions for these transactions. NTI and the Trust have adopted policies on cross-trades that may be effected between the Funds and another client account. NTI conducts periodic reviews of trades for consistency with these policies.

NTI has established certain policies and procedures designed to address conflicts of interest that may arise between its employees and clients as well as between clients and NTI or its affiliates. NTI’s employees must act in the best interests of its clients and generally do not have knowledge of proprietary trading positions or certain other operations of affiliates.

Receipt of research from brokers who execute client transactions involve conflicts of interest. To the extent that NTI uses commissions to obtain research services for NTI or TNTC, NTI or TNTC will receive a benefit as it will not have to pay for the research, products or services itself. NTI may, therefore, have an incentive to select or recommend a broker-dealer based on its interest in receiving research rather than in obtaining the lowest commission rate on the transaction. NTI or TNTC may also obtain research services from brokerage commissions incurred by client accounts that may not directly benefit such client accounts. Similarly, clients may benefit from research even if trades placed on their behalf did not contribute to the compensation of the broker-dealer providing such research. NTI and TNTC do not seek to allocate research services to client accounts proportionately to the commissions that the client accounts generate.

Also, NTI and TNTC may receive products and services that are mixed use. In these cases, NTI or TNTC will use commissions to pay only for the eligible portion of the product or service that assists NTI or TNTC in the investment decision-making process. Any ineligible portion of the product will be paid directly by NTI or TNTC. NTI or TNTC makes a good faith effort to reasonably allocate such items and keeps records of such allocations although clients should be aware of the potential conflicts of interest.

NTI may provide investment advice to its affiliates and may provide investment advisory services to affiliates’ clients or as an investment adviser to the registered or unregistered investment pools in which these clients may invest. TNTC and NTI share a common trading desk and may have shared arrangements with investment research vendors. Also, these affiliates may provide marketing services to NTI, including the referral of certain clients.

NTI may have common management and officers with some of its affiliates. NTI shares facilities with affiliates and relies on TNTC and other affiliates for various administrative support, including information technology, human resources, business continuity, legal, compliance, finance, enterprise risk management, internal audit and general administrative support.

NTI’s affiliations may create potential conflicts of interest. NTI seeks to mitigate the potential conflicts of interest to ensure accounts are managed at all times in a client’s best interests and in accordance with client investment objectives and guidelines through regular account reviews attended by investment advisory, compliance and senior management staff. NTI also seeks to mitigate potential conflicts of interest through a governance structure and by maintaining policies and procedures that include, but are not limited to, personal trading, custody and trading.

Various non-affiliated investment advisers that may manage NTI client accounts, or may be recommended to NTI clients, may use an NTI affiliate for banking, trust, custody, administration, brokerage and related services for which NTI’s affiliate may receive fees. NTI does not recommend or utilize non-affiliated investment advisers based upon their use of NTI affiliates.

Given the interrelationships among NTI and its affiliates, there may be other or different potential conflicts of interest that arise in the future that are not included in this section.

To the extent permitted by applicable law, NTI may make payments to authorized dealers and other financial intermediaries (“Intermediaries”) from time to time to promote the Funds. These payments may be made out of NTI’s assets, or amounts payable to NTI rather than as a separately identifiable charge to the Funds. These payments may compensate Intermediaries for, among other things: marketing the Funds; access to the Intermediaries’ registered representatives or salespersons, including at conferences and other meetings; assistance in training and education of personnel; marketing support; and/or other specified services intended to assist in the distribution and marketing of the Funds. The payments may also, to the extent permitted by applicable regulations, contribute to various non-cash and cash incentive arrangements to promote certain products, as well as sponsor various educational programs, sales contests and/or for subaccounting, administrative and/or shareholder processing services that are in addition to the fees paid for these services for such products.

PROXY VOTING

The Trust has delegated the voting of portfolio securities to the Investment Adviser. The Investment Adviser has adopted the proxy voting policies and procedures applicable to Northern Trust Corporation and its affiliates (the “Northern Proxy Voting Policy”) for the voting of proxies on behalf of client accounts for which the Investment Adviser has voting discretion, including the Funds. Under the Northern Proxy Voting Policy, shares are to be voted in the best interests of the Funds.

A Proxy Committee comprised of senior investment and compliance officers of Northern Trust Corporation, including officers of the Investment Adviser, has adopted certain guidelines (the “Proxy Guidelines”) concerning various corporate governance issues. The Proxy Committee has the responsibility for the content, interpretation and application of the Proxy Guidelines and may apply these Proxy Guidelines with a measure of flexibility. The Investment Adviser has retained an independent third party proxy voting service (the “Service Firm”) to review proxy proposals and to make voting recommendations to the Proxy Committee in a manner consistent with the Proxy Guidelines. The Proxy Committee will apply the Proxy Guidelines as discussed below to any such recommendation.

The Proxy Guidelines provide that the Proxy Committee will generally vote for or against various proxy proposals, usually based upon certain specified criteria. As an example, the Proxy Guidelines provide that the Proxy Committee will generally vote in favor of:

•

Shareholder proposals in support of the appointment of a lead independent director;

•

Shareholder proposals requesting that the board of a company be comprised of a majority of independent directors;

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Proposals to repeal classified boards and to elect all directors annually;

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Shareholder proposals calling for directors in uncontested elections to be elected by an affirmative majority of votes cast where companies have not adopted a written majority voting (or majority withhold) policy;

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Shareholder proposals that ask a company to submit its poison pill for shareholder ratification;

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Shareholder proposals to lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements for charter and bylaw amendments;

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Shareholder proposals to lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements for mergers and other significant business combinations, while taking into account ownership structure, quorum requirements, and vote requirements;

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Management proposals to reduce the par value of common stock, while taking into account accompanying corporate governance concerns;

•

Management proposals to implement a reverse stock split, provided that the reverse split does not result in an increase of authorized but unissued shares of more than 100% after giving effect to the shares needed for the reverse split;

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Proposals to approve an ESOP (employee stock ownership plan) or other broad based employee stock purchase or ownership plan, or to increase authorized shares for such existing plans, except in cases when the number of shares allocated to such plans is “excessive” (i.e., generally greater than ten percent (10%) of outstanding shares); and

•

Proposals requesting that a company take reasonable steps to ensure that women and minority candidates are in the pool from which board nominees are chosen or that request that women and minority candidates are routinely sought as part of every board search the company undertakes.

The Proxy Guidelines also provide that the Proxy Committee will generally vote against:

•

Shareholder proposals requesting that the board of a company be comprised of a supermajority of independent directors;

•

Proposals to elect director nominees if it is a CEO who sits on more than two public boards or a non-CEO who sits on more than four public company boards;

•

Proposals to classify the board of directors;

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Shareholder proposals requiring directors to own a minimum amount of a company stock in order to qualify as a director or to remain on the board;

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Shareholder proposals to impose age and term limits unless the company is found to have poor board refreshment and director succession practices;

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Proposals for multi-class exchange offers and multi-class recapitalizations;

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Management proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote to approve mergers and other significant business combinations, while taking into account ownership structure, quorum requirements, and vote requirements;

•

Management proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote to approve charter and bylaw amendments; and

•

Shareholder proposals to eliminate, direct, or otherwise restrict charitable contributions.

For proxy proposals that under the Proxy Guidelines are to be voted on a case by case basis, the Proxy Committee provides supplementary instructions to the Service Firm to guide it in making vote recommendations.

Except as otherwise provided in the Northern Proxy Voting Policy, the Proxy Committee may vote proxies contrary to the recommendations of the Service Firm if it determines that such action is in the best interest of a Fund. In exercising its discretion, the Proxy Committee may take into account a wide array of factors relating to the matter under consideration, the nature of the proposal and the company involved. As a result, the Proxy Committee may vote in one manner in the case of one company and in a different manner in the case of another where, for example, the past history of the company, the character and integrity of its management, the role of outside directors, and the company’s record of producing performance for investors justifies a high degree of confidence in the company and the effect of the proposal on the value of the investment. Similarly, poor past performance, uncertainties about management and future directions, and other factors may lead the Proxy Committee to conclude that particular proposals present unacceptable investment risks and should not be supported. In addition, the Proxy Committee also evaluates proposals in context. For example, a particular proposal may be acceptable standing alone, but objectionable when part of an existing or proposed package. Special circumstances may also justify casting different votes for different clients with respect to the same proxy vote.

The Investment Adviser or its affiliates may occasionally be subject to conflicts of interest in the voting of proxies due to business or personal relationships it maintains with persons having an interest in the outcome of certain votes. For example, the Investment Adviser or its affiliates may provide trust, custody, investment management, brokerage, underwriting, banking and related services to accounts owned or controlled by companies whose management is soliciting proxies. Occasionally, the Investment Adviser or its affiliates may also have business or personal relationships with other proponents of proxy proposals, participants in proxy contests, corporate directors or candidates for directorships. The Investment Adviser may also be required to vote proxies for securities issued by Northern Trust Corporation or its affiliates or on matters in which the Investment Adviser or its affiliates have a direct financial interest, such as shareholder approval of a change in the advisory fees paid by a Fund. The Investment Adviser seeks to address such conflicts of interest through various measures, including the establishment, composition and authority of the Proxy Committee and the retention of the Service Firm to perform proxy review and vote recommendation functions. The Proxy Committee has the responsibility to determine whether a proxy vote involves a conflict of interest and how the conflict should be addressed in conformance with the Northern Proxy Voting Policy. The Proxy Committee may resolve such conflicts in any of a variety of ways, including without limitation the following: (i) voting in accordance with the Proxy Guidelines based recommendation of the Service Firm; (ii) voting in accordance with the recommendation of an independent fiduciary appointed for that purpose; (iii) voting pursuant to client direction by seeking instructions from the Board; or (iv) by voting pursuant to a “mirror voting” arrangement under which shares are voted in the same manner and proportion as shares over which the Investment Adviser does not have voting discretion. The method selected by the Proxy Committee may vary depending upon the facts and circumstances of each situation.

The Investment Adviser may choose not to vote proxies in certain situations. This may occur, for example, in situations where the exercise of voting rights could restrict the ability to freely trade the security in question (as is the case, for example, in certain foreign jurisdictions known as “blocking markets”). In circumstances in which the Service Firm does not provide recommendations for a particular proxy, the Proxy Committee may obtain recommendations from analysts at the Investment Adviser who review the issuer in question or the industry in general. The Proxy Committee will apply the Proxy Guidelines as discussed above to any such recommendation.

This summary and the Northern Proxy Voting Policy and Proxy Guidelines, as adopted by the Investment Adviser, are posted in the Account Resources section of the Northern Funds’ website, northerntrust.com/funds. You may also obtain, upon request and without charge, a paper copy of the Northern Proxy Voting Policy and Proxy Guidelines or an SAI by calling 800-595-9111.

Information regarding how the Funds voted proxies, if any, relating to portfolio securities for the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 will be available, without charge, upon request, by contacting Northern Trust or by visiting the Northern Funds’ website at northerntrust.com/funds or the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov.

DISTRIBUTOR

The Trust, on behalf of the Funds, has entered into a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) under which NFD, with principal offices at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101, as agent, distributes the shares of each Fund on a continuous basis. NFD continually distributes shares of the Funds on a best efforts basis. NFD has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of Fund shares. NFD and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Trust.

The Investment Adviser pays the cost of printing and distributing prospectuses to persons who are not shareholders of the Trust (excluding preparation and typesetting expenses) and of certain other distribution efforts. No compensation is payable by the Trust to NFD for such distribution services. However, the Investment Adviser has entered into an agreement (the “Distribution Services Agreement”) with NFD under which it makes payments to NFD in consideration for certain distribution-related services. The payments made by the Investment Adviser to NFD under the Distribution Services Agreement do not represent an additional expense to the Trust or its shareholders. The Distribution Agreement provides that the Trust will indemnify NFD against

certain liabilities relating to untrue statements or omissions of material fact except those resulting from the reliance on information furnished to the Trust by NFD, or those resulting from the willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence of NFD, or NFD’s breach of confidentiality.

Under a License Agreement (the “License Agreement”) with Foreside Distributors, LLC (“Foreside Distributors”), Northern Trust Corporation agrees that the name “Northern Funds” may be used by Foreside Distributors and its subsidiary, NFD, in connection with providing services to the Trust on a royalty-free basis. Northern Trust Corporation has reserved to itself the right to grant the non-exclusive right to use the name “Northern Funds” to any other person. The License Agreement provides that at such time as the License Agreement is no longer in effect, Foreside Distributors and NFD will cease using the name “Northern Funds.”

SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS

As stated in the Funds’ Prospectus, the Funds may enter into agreements from time to time with Service Organizations providing for support services to customers of the Service Organizations who are the beneficial owners of Fund shares. Under the agreements, the Funds may pay Service Organizations up to 0.15% (on an annualized basis) of the average daily NAV of the shares beneficially owned by their customers. Support services provided by Service Organizations under their agreements may include: (i) processing dividend and distribution payments from the Funds; (ii) providing information periodically to customers showing their share positions; (iii) arranging for bank wires; (iv) responding to customer inquiries; (v) providing subaccounting with respect to shares beneficially owned by customers or the information necessary for subaccounting; (vi) forwarding shareholder communications; (vii) assisting in processing share purchase, exchange and redemption requests from customers; (viii) assisting customers in changing dividend options, account designations and addresses; and (ix) other similar services requested by the Funds.

The Funds’ arrangements with Service Organizations under the agreements are governed by a Service Plan, which has been adopted by the Board. In accordance with the Service Plan, the Board reviews, at least quarterly, a written report of the amounts expended in connection with the Funds’ arrangements with Service Organizations and the purposes for which the expenditures were made. In addition, the Funds’ arrangements with Service Organizations must be approved annually by a majority of the Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Funds as defined in the 1940 Act and have no direct or indirect financial interest in such arrangements (the “Disinterested Trustees”).

The Board believes that there is a reasonable likelihood that its arrangements with Service Organizations will benefit each Fund and its shareholders. Any material amendment to the arrangements with Service Organizations under the agreements must be approved by a majority of the Board (including a majority of the Disinterested Trustees). No fees were paid to Service Organizations during the Funds’ three most recent fiscal years.

Investors who purchase shares through financial intermediaries will be subject to the procedures of those intermediaries through which they purchase shares, which may include charges, investment minimums, cutoff times and other restrictions in addition to, or different from, those listed herein. Information concerning any charges or services will be provided to customers by the financial intermediary through which they purchase shares. Investors purchasing shares of the Funds through financial intermediaries should acquaint themselves with their financial intermediary’s procedures and should read the Prospectus in conjunction with any materials and information provided by their financial intermediary. The financial intermediary, and not its customers, will be the shareholder of record, although customers may have the right to vote shares depending upon their arrangement with the intermediary.

COUNSEL AND INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, with offices at One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-6996 and 191 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606-1698, serves as counsel to the Trust, as well as its non-interested Trustees.

Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, 111 South Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606, has been appointed to serve as an independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust. In addition to audit services, an affiliate of Deloitte & Touche LLP reviews the Trust’s federal and state tax returns.

IN-KIND PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS

Payment for shares of a Fund may, in the discretion of Northern Trust, be made in the form of securities that are permissible investments for the Fund as described in the Prospectus. For further information about this form of payment, contact the Transfer Agent. In connection with an in-kind securities payment, a Fund will require, among other things, that the securities be valued on the day of purchase in accordance with the pricing methods used by the Fund and that the Fund receive satisfactory assurances that it will have good and marketable title to the securities received by it; that the securities be in proper form for transfer to the Fund; and that adequate information be provided concerning the basis and other tax matters relating to the securities.

Although each Fund generally will redeem shares in cash, each Fund reserves the right to pay redemptions by a distribution in-kind of securities (instead of cash) from such Fund. The securities distributed in-kind would be readily marketable and would be valued for this purpose using the same method employed in calculating the Fund’s NAV per share. If a shareholder receives redemption proceeds in-kind, the shareholder should expect to incur transaction costs upon the disposition of the securities received in the redemption. For the Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund, in-kind redemptions will be subject to any liquidity fees and redemption gates imposed on redemptions.

REDEMPTION FEES AND REQUIREMENTS

Shares of the Funds are sold and generally redeemed without any purchase or redemption charge imposed by the Trust. However, for the Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund, redemptions may be subject to any liquidity fees and redemption gates imposed on redemptions. See “Net Asset Value—Liquidity Fees and Redemption Gates—Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund” beginning on page 65.

AUTOMATIC INVESTING PLAN

The Automatic Investing Plan permits an investor to use “Dollar Cost Averaging” in making investments. Instead of trying to time market performance, a fixed dollar amount is invested in shares at predetermined intervals. This may help investors reduce their average cost per share because the agreed upon fixed investment amount allows more shares to be purchased during periods of lower share prices and fewer shares during periods of higher share prices. In order to be effective, Dollar Cost Averaging usually should be followed on a sustained, consistent basis. Investors should be aware, however, that shares bought using Dollar Cost Averaging are purchased without regard to their price on the day of investment or to market trends. Dollar Cost Averaging does not assure a profit and does not protect against losses in a declining market. In addition, while investors may find Dollar Cost Averaging to be beneficial, it will not prevent a loss if an investor ultimately redeems shares at a price that is lower than their purchase price. An investor may want to consider his or her financial ability to continue purchases through periods of low price levels.

DIRECTED REINVESTMENTS

In addition to having your income dividends and/or capital gains distributions reinvested in shares of the Fund from which such distributions are paid, you may elect the directed reinvestment option and have dividends and capital gains distributions automatically invested in another Northern Fund. Reinvestments can only be directed to an existing Northern Funds account (which must meet the minimum investment requirement). Directed reinvestments may be used to invest funds from a regular account to another regular account, from a qualified plan account to another qualified plan account, or from a qualified plan account to a regular account.

Directed reinvestments from a qualified plan account to a regular account may have adverse tax consequences, including imposition of a penalty tax and, therefore, you should consult your own tax adviser before commencing these transactions.

REDEMPTIONS AND EXCHANGES

Exchange requests received on a business day prior to the time shares of the Funds involved in the request are priced will be processed on the date of receipt. “Processing” a request means that shares in a Fund from which the shareholder is withdrawing an investment will be redeemed at the NAV per share next determined on the date of receipt. Shares of a new Fund into which the shareholder is investing also normally will be purchased at the NAV per share next determined coincident to or after the time of redemption. Exchange requests received on a business day after the time shares of the Funds involved in the request are priced and will be processed on the next business day in the manner described above. However, for the Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund, redemptions related to an exchange request may be subject to liquidity fees and redemption gates imposed on redemptions. See “Net Asset Value—Liquidity Fees and Redemption Gates—Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund” beginning on page 65.

The Trust may redeem shares involuntarily to reimburse a Fund for any loss sustained by reason of the failure of a shareholder to make full payment for shares purchased by the shareholder or to collect any charge relating to a transaction effected for the benefit of a shareholder that is applicable to Fund shares as provided in the Funds’ Prospectus from time to time. The Trust reserves the right on 30 days’ written notice, to redeem the shares held in any account if at the time of redemption, the NAV of the remaining shares in the account falls below $1,000. Such involuntary redemptions will not be made if the value of shares in an account falls below the minimum solely because of a decline in the Fund’s NAV. The Trust also may involuntarily redeem shares held by any shareholder who provides incorrect or incomplete account information or when such redemptions are necessary to avoid adverse consequences to the Funds and their shareholders or the Transfer Agent. Additionally, subject to applicable law, the Trust reserves the right to involuntarily redeem an account at the Fund’s then current NAV, in cases of disruptive conduct, suspected fraudulent or illegal activity, inability to verify the identity of an investor, or in other circumstances where redemption is determined to be in the best interest of the Trust and its shareholders.

The Trust, Northern Trust and their agents also reserve the right, without notice, to freeze any account and/or suspend account services when: (i) notice has been received of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, or a legal claim against an account; (ii) upon initial notification to Northern Trust of a shareholder’s death until Northern Trust receives required documentation in correct form; or (iii) if there is reason to believe a fraudulent transaction may occur or has occurred.

RETIREMENT PLANS

Shares of the Funds may be purchased in connection with certain tax-sheltered retirement plans, including profit-sharing plans, 401(k) plans, money purchase pension plans, target benefit plans and individual retirement accounts. Further information about how to participate in these plans, the fees charged and the limits on contributions can be obtained from Northern Trust. To invest through any of the tax-sheltered retirement plans, please call Northern Trust for information and the required separate application. To determine whether the benefits of a tax-sheltered retirement plan are available and/or appropriate, a shareholder should consult with a tax adviser.

EXPENSES

Except as set forth above and in this SAI, each Fund is responsible for the payment of its expenses. These expenses include, without limitation: the fees and expenses payable to the Investment Adviser, Transfer Agent and Custodian; brokerage fees and commissions; fees for the registration or qualification of Fund shares under

federal or state securities laws taxes; interest; costs of liability insurance, fidelity bonds, indemnification or contribution; any costs, expenses or losses arising out of any liability of, or claim for damages or other relief asserted against the Trust for violation of any law; legal, tax and auditing fees and expenses; expenses of preparing and printing prospectuses, statements of additional information, proxy materials, reports and notices and distributing of the same to the Funds’ shareholders and regulatory authorities; compensation and expenses of its non-interested Trustees; payments to Service Organizations; fees of industry organizations such as the Investment Company Institute and Mutual Fund Directors Forum; acquired fund fees and expenses; expenses of third party consultants engaged by the Board; expenses in connection with the negotiation and renewal of the revolving credit facility; and miscellaneous and extraordinary expenses incurred by the Trust.

NTI has contractually agreed to reimburse a portion of the Funds’ operating expenses (other than certain excepted expenses, i.e., acquired fund fees and expenses, the compensation paid to each Independent Trustee of the Trust, expenses of third party consultants engaged by the Board, membership dues paid to the Investment Company Institute and Mutual Fund Directors Forum, expenses in connection with the negotiation and renewal of the revolving credit facility, extraordinary expenses and interest) so that “Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement” do not exceed the amount shown in the footnote to the table under the caption “Fees and Expenses of the Fund” in each Fund’s Fund Summary during the current fiscal year. The “Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Expense Reimbursement” for a Fund may be higher than the contractual limitation for the Fund as a result of certain excepted expenses that are not reimbursed. The contractual expense reimbursement arrangements are expected to continue until at least July 31, 2020. The expense reimbursement arrangements will continue automatically for periods of one year (each such one-year period, a “Renewal Year”). The arrangements may be terminated, as to any succeeding Renewal Year, by NTI or a Fund upon 60 days’ written notice prior to the end of the current Renewal Year. The Board may terminate the arrangement at any time with respect to a Fund if it determines that it is in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders.

For the fiscal years indicated below, NTI contractually reimbursed expenses for each of the Funds as follows:


	Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2019		Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2018		Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2017
Money Market Fund	$	148,575	$	139,628	$	489,454
Municipal Money Market Fund		113,686		117,467		334,658
U.S. Government Money Market Fund		1,569,283		1,407,940		904,391
U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund		457,563		466,182		423,819

NTI may reimburse additional expenses or waive all or a portion of the management fees of the Funds from time to time, including to avoid a negative yield. Any such additional expense reimbursement or waiver would be voluntary and could be implemented, increased or decreased, or discontinued at any time. There is no guarantee that a Fund will be able to avoid a negative yield.

For the fiscal years indicated below, NTI voluntarily reimbursed expenses for the Funds as follows:


	Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2019		Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2018		Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2017
Money Market Fund	$	942	$	131,298	$	229,522
Municipal Money Market Fund		1,812		656,748		163,542
U.S. Government Money Market Fund		0		0		0
U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund		0		0		0

PERFORMANCE INFORMATION

You may call 800-595-9111 to obtain the current 7-day yield and other performance information or visit northerntrust.com/funds. Performance reflects fee waivers, if any, and expense reimbursements, as previously discussed in this SAI. If such fee waivers, if any, and expense reimbursements were not in place, a Fund’s performance would have been reduced.

The performance of the Funds may be compared to the performance of other money market funds with similar investment objectives and other relevant indices or to rankings prepared by independent services or other financial or industry publications that monitor the performance of mutual funds. For example, the performance of a Fund may be compared to data prepared by iMoneyNet, Inc. or other independent mutual fund reporting services. Performance data as reported in national financial publications such as Money Magazine, Morningstar, Forbes, Barron’s, The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, or in publications of a local or regional nature, also may be used in comparing the performance of a Fund.

From time to time, the Funds may advertise their “yields” and “effective yields” and the Municipal Money Market Fund may advertise its “tax-equivalent yields” and “tax-equivalent effective yields.” These yield figures will fluctuate, are based on historical earnings and are not intended to indicate future performance. “Yield” refers to the net investment income generated by an investment in the Fund over a seven-day period identified in the advertisement. This net investment income is then “annualized.” That is, the amount of net investment income generated by the investment during that week is assumed to be generated each week over a 52-week period and is shown as a percentage of the investment.

In arriving at quotations as to “yield,” the Trust first determines the net change, exclusive of capital changes, during the seven-day period in the value of a hypothetical pre-existing account having a balance of one share at the beginning of the period, then divides such net change by the value of the account at the beginning of the period to obtain the base period return, and then multiplies the base period return by 365/7.

“Effective yield” is calculated similarly but, when annualized, the net investment income earned by an investment in the Fund is assumed to be reinvested. The “effective yield” will be slightly higher than the “yield” because of the compounding effect of this assumed reinvestment. The “effective yield” with respect to the shares of a Fund is computed by adding 1 to the base period return (calculated as above), raising the sum to a power equal to 365 divided by 7, and subtracting 1 from the result.

The “tax-equivalent yield” demonstrates the level of taxable yield necessary to produce an after-tax yield equivalent to a Fund’s tax-free yield. It is calculated by taking that portion of the seven-day “yield” that is tax-exempt and adjusting it to reflect the tax savings associated with a stated tax rate. The “tax-equivalent current yield” will always be higher than the Fund’s yield.

“Tax-equivalent yield” is computed by dividing the tax-exempt portion of the yield by 1 minus a stated income tax rate, and then adding the quotient to the taxable portion of the yield, if any. There may be more than one tax-equivalent yield if more than one stated income tax rate is used.

The “tax-equivalent effective yield” demonstrates the level of taxable yield necessary to produce an after-tax yield equivalent to a Fund’s tax-free effective yield. It is calculated by taking that portion of the seven-day “effective yield” that is tax-exempt and adjusting it to reflect the tax savings associated with a stated tax rate. The “tax-equivalent effective yield” will always be higher than the Fund’s effective yield.

“Tax-equivalent effective yield” is computed by dividing the tax-exempt portion of the effective yield by 1 minus a stated income tax-rate, and then adding the quotient to the taxable portion of the effective yield, if any. There may be more than one tax-equivalent effective yield, if more than one stated income tax rate is used.

Quotations of yield, effective yield, tax-equivalent yield and tax-equivalent effective yield provided by the Trust are carried to at least the nearest hundredth of one percent. Any fees imposed by Northern Trust, its affiliates or financial intermediaries on their customers in connection with investments in the Funds are not reflected in the calculation of yields for the Funds. A money market portfolio also may quote, from time to time, total return in accordance with SEC regulations.

The Funds’ yields may not provide a basis for comparison with bank deposits and other investments that provide a fixed yield for a stated period of time. The Funds’ yields fluctuate, unlike bank deposits or other investments that pay a fixed yield for a stated period of time. The annualization of one week’s income is not necessarily indicative of future actual yields. Actual yields will depend on such variables as portfolio quality, average portfolio maturity, the type of portfolio instruments acquired, changes in money market interest rates, Fund expenses and other factors. Yields are one basis investors may use to analyze shares of a Fund as compared to comparable shares of other money market funds and other investment vehicles. However, yields of other money market funds and other investment vehicles may not be comparable because of the foregoing variables, and differences in the methods used in valuing their portfolio instruments, computing NAV and determining yield.

NET ASSET VALUE

As stated in the Prospectuses, the Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund each intend to qualify and operate as a “retail money market fund,” and the U.S. Government Money Market Fund and U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund each operate as a “government money market fund” under Rule 2a-7 of the 1940 Act. Each of the Funds is permitted to and seeks to maintain a NAV of $1.00 per share and, in this connection, values its instruments on the basis of amortized cost pursuant to Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act. This method values a security at its cost on the date of purchase and thereafter assumes a constant amortization to maturity of any discount or premium, regardless of the impact of fluctuating interest rates on the market value of the instrument. While this method provides certainty in valuation, it may result in periods during which value, as determined by amortized cost, is higher or lower than the price a Fund would receive if the Fund sold the instrument. During such periods, the yield to investors in the Fund may differ somewhat from that obtained in a similar entity, which uses available indications as to market value to value its portfolio instruments. For example, if the use of amortized cost resulted in a lower (higher) aggregate Fund value on a particular day, a prospective investor in the Fund would be able to obtain a somewhat higher (lower) yield and ownership interest than would result from investment in such similar entity and existing investors would receive less (more) investment income and ownership interest. However, the Trust expects that the procedures and limitations referred to in the following paragraphs of this section will tend to minimize the differences referred to above.

Under Rule 2a-7, the Board, in supervising the Trust’s operations and delegating special responsibilities involving portfolio management to the Investment Adviser, has established procedures that are intended, taking into account current market conditions and the Funds’ investment objectives, to stabilize the NAV of each Fund, as computed for the purposes of purchases and redemptions, at $1.00 per share. The Trustees’ procedures include periodic monitoring of the difference (the “Market Value Difference”) between the amortized cost value per share and the NAV per share based upon available indications of market value. Available indications of market value used by the Trust consist of actual market quotations or appropriate substitutes, which reflect current market conditions and include (i) quotations or estimates of market value for individual portfolio instruments and/or (ii) values for individual portfolio instruments derived from market quotations relating to varying maturities of a class of money market instruments. In the event the Market Value Difference of a given Fund exceeds certain limits or NTI believes that the Market Value Difference may result in material dilution or other unfair results to investors or existing shareholders, the Trust will take action in accordance with the 1940 Act (e.g., selling portfolio instruments to shorten average portfolio maturity or to realize capital gains or losses, reducing or suspending shareholder income accruals, redeeming shares in-kind, or utilizing a NAV per share based upon available indications of market value, which under such circumstances would vary from $1.00) to eliminate or reduce to the extent reasonably practicable any material dilution or other unfair results to investors or existing shareholders that might arise from Market Value Differences. In particular, if losses were sustained by a Fund, the number of outstanding shares might be reduced in order to maintain a NAV per share of $1.00. Such reduction would be effected by having each shareholder proportionately contribute to the Fund’s capital the necessary shares to restore such NAV per share. Each shareholder will be deemed to have agreed to such contribution in these circumstances by investing in the Fund.

Rule 2a-7 requires that each Fund limit its investments to instruments (i) that the Investment Adviser determines (pursuant to guidelines established by the Board) to present minimal credit risks; or (ii) are issued by other investment companies that are money market funds; or (iii) are U.S. government securities. The Rule also requires that each Fund maintain a dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity (not more than 60 days) and a dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity without regard to maturity shortening provisions applicable to variable and floating rate securities (also known as dollar-weighted average portfolio life) of 120 days or less appropriate to its policy of maintaining a stable NAV per share and precludes the purchase of any instrument deemed under the Rule to have a remaining maturity of more than 397 calendar days, (as calculated pursuant to Rule 2a-7). Should the disposition of a portfolio security result in a dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity of more than 60 days, the Rule requires a Fund to invest its available cash in such a manner as to reduce such maturity to the prescribed limit as soon as reasonably practicable.

Each Fund is required to comply with SEC requirements with respect to the liquidity of the Fund’s investments. Specifically, each of the Money Market Fund, U.S. Government Money Market Fund and U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund is required to hold at least 10% of its total assets in “daily liquid assets,” and each Fund, including the Municipal Money Market Fund, is required to hold at least 30% of its total assets in “weekly liquid assets.” For these purposes, daily and weekly liquid assets are calculated as of the end of each business day. Daily liquid assets include: cash; direct obligations of the U.S. government; securities that will mature or are subject to a demand feature that is exercisable and payable within one business day; and amounts receivable and due unconditionally within one business day on pending sales of portfolio securities. Weekly liquid assets include: cash; direct obligations of the U.S. government; certain U.S. government, agency discount notes without provision for the payment of interest with remaining maturities of 60 days or less; securities that will mature or are subject to a demand feature that is exercisable and payable within five business days; and amounts receivable and due unconditionally within five business days on pending sales of portfolio securities.

The time at which transactions and shares are priced and the time by which orders must be received may be changed in case of an emergency or if regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange is stopped at a time other than 4:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time. The Trust reserves the right to reprocess purchase, redemption and exchange transactions that were processed at a NAV other than the Fund’s official closing NAV. For instance, if a pricing error is discovered that impacts the Fund’s NAV, the corrected NAV would be the official closing NAV and the erroneous NAV would be a NAV other than the Fund’s official closing NAV. Those transactions that were processed using the erroneous NAV may then be reprocessed using the official closing NAV.

The Funds may also close on days when the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“New York Fed”) is open but the New York Stock Exchange is closed, such as Good Friday, and when the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (“SIFMA”) recommends that the bond markets close early, each Fund reserves the right to close at or prior to the SIFMA recommended closing time. If a Fund does so, it will cease granting same day credit for purchase and redemption orders received at the Fund’s closing time and credit will be given on the next Business Day. The Trust reserves the right to advance the time by which purchase and redemption orders must be received for same business day credit as otherwise permitted by the SEC. In addition, each Fund may compute its NAV as of any time permitted pursuant to any exemption, order or statement of the SEC or its staff.

A Business Day is defined as each Monday through Friday that the New York Fed is open for business, except as noted below. The New York Fed is closed on the following national holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Columbus Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.

The Investment Adviser is not required to calculate the NAV of a Fund on days during which no shares are tendered to a Fund for redemption and no orders to purchase or sell shares are received by a Fund, or on days on which there is an insufficient degree of trading in the Fund’s portfolio securities for changes in the value of such securities to affect materially the NAV per share.

LIQUIDITY FEES AND REDEMPTION GATES—MONEY MARKET FUND AND MUNICIPAL MONEY MARKET FUND

The Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund may impose a liquidity fee of up to 2% on redemptions from a Fund (a “liquidity fee”) or temporarily restrict redemptions from the Fund for up to 10 business days in any given 90-day period (a “redemption gate”) in the event that a Fund’s weekly liquid assets fall below the following thresholds:

•

30% weekly liquid assets—If a Fund’s weekly liquid assets fall below 30% of a Fund’s total assets as of the end of a business day, and the Board determines it is in the best interests of the Fund, the Board may impose a liquidity fee of no more than 2% of the amount redeemed and/or a redemption gate that

temporarily suspends the right of redemption. Liquidity fees and/or redemption gates may be implemented as early as the same business day that weekly liquid assets of a Fund fall below 30% of the total assets.

•

10% weekly liquid assets—If a Fund’s weekly liquid assets fall below 10% of the Fund’s total assets as of the end of a business day, the Fund will impose, at the beginning of the next business day, a liquidity fee of 1% of the amount redeemed, unless the Board determines that imposing such a fee would not be in the best interests of the Fund or determines that a lower or higher fee (not to exceed 2%) would be in the best interests of the Fund.

If the Board imposes a redemption gate, the Fund and the Fund’s intermediaries will not accept redemption orders until the Fund has notified shareholders that the redemption gate has been lifted. Any redemption orders submitted while a redemption gate is in effect will be cancelled without further notice. If you still wish to redeem shares once the redemption gate has been lifted, you will need to submit a new redemption request to the Fund or the Fund’s authorized agent or intermediaries. Liquidity fees and redemption gates may be terminated at any time at the discretion of the Board. In addition, liquidity fees and redemption gates will terminate at the beginning of the next business day once a Fund has invested 30% or more of its total assets in weekly liquid assets. A Fund may only suspend redemptions for up to 10 business days in any 90-day period.

Liquidity fees would generally be used to assist a Fund to stem redemptions during times of market stress. A liquidity fee imposed by a Fund will reduce the amount you will receive upon the redemption of your shares, and will generally decrease the amount of any capital gain or increase the amount of any capital loss you will recognize with respect to the redemption. The Board generally expects that a liquidity fee or redemption gate would be imposed, if at all, during periods of extraordinary market stress. While the Board may, in its discretion, impose a liquidity fee or redemption gate at any time after the weekly liquid assets of a Fund falls below 30% of such Fund’s total assets, the Board generally expects that a liquidity fee or redemption gate would be imposed only after the Fund has notified intermediaries and shareholders that a liquidity fee or redemption gate will be imposed (generally, as of the beginning of the next business day following the announcement that the Fund has imposed the liquidity fee or redemption gate). If a Fund’s weekly liquid assets fall below 10% of the Fund’s total assets, the Fund reserves the right to permanently suspend redemptions and liquidate if the Board determines that it is not in the best interests of the Fund to continue operating. Any announcement regarding the imposition of a liquidity fee or redemption gate, or the termination of a liquidity fee or a redemption gate, will be available at the Funds’ website, northerntrust.com/funds, and will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form N-CR.

The U.S. Government Money Market Fund and U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund currently do not intend to avail themselves of the ability to impose liquidity fees and/or redemption gates. However, the Board reserves the right, with notice to shareholders, to change this policy with respect to a Fund, thereby permitting the U.S. Government Money Market Fund and U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund to impose such fees and gates in the future.

TAXES

The following summarizes certain additional tax considerations generally affecting the Funds and their shareholders that are not described in the Prospectus. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the tax treatment of the Funds or their shareholders, and the discussions here and in the Prospectus are not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Potential investors should consult their tax advisers with specific reference to their own tax situations.

The discussions of the federal tax consequences in the Prospectus and this SAI are based on the Code and the regulations issued under it, and court decisions and administrative interpretations, as in effect on the date of this SAI. Future legislative or administrative changes or court decisions may significantly alter the statements included herein, and any such changes or decisions may be retroactive.

FEDERAL—GENERAL INFORMATION

Each Fund intends to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1, of the Code. As a regulated investment company, each Fund generally is exempt from federal income tax on its net investment income and realized capital gains which it distributes to shareholders. To qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company, it must meet three important tests each year.

First, each Fund must derive with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign currencies, other income derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in stock, securities or currencies, or net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships.

Second, generally, at the close of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, at least 50% of the value of each Fund’s assets must consist of cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and securities of other issuers as to which (a) the Fund has not invested more than 5% of the value of its total assets in securities of the issuer and (b) the Fund does not hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer, and no more than 25% of the value of each Fund’s total assets may be invested in the securities of (1) any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies), (2) two or more issuers that the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or (3) one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships.

Third, each Fund must distribute an amount equal to at least the sum of 90% of its investment company taxable income (net investment income and the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss), before taking into account any deduction for dividends paid, and 90% of its tax-exempt income, if any, for the year.

Each Fund intends to comply with these requirements. If a Fund were to fail to make sufficient distributions, it could be liable for corporate income tax and for excise tax in respect of the shortfall or, if the shortfall is large enough, the Fund could be disqualified as a regulated investment company. If for any taxable year a Fund were not to qualify as a regulated investment company, all its taxable income would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders. In that event, taxable shareholders would recognize dividend income on distributions (including distributions attributable to tax-exempt income) to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, and corporate shareholders could be eligible for the dividends-received deduction.

The Code imposes a non-deductible 4% excise tax on regulated investment companies that fail to currently distribute an amount equal to specified percentages of their ordinary taxable income with certain modifications and capital gain net income (excess of capital gains over capital losses) by the end of each calendar year. Each Fund intends to make sufficient distributions or deemed distributions of its ordinary taxable income and capital gain net income each calendar year to avoid liability for this excise tax.

For federal income tax purposes, each Fund is permitted to carry forward a net capital loss realized in its taxable years beginning before December 23, 2010 to offset its own capital gains, if any, during the eight years following the year of the loss. These amounts are available to be carried forward to offset future capital gains to the extent permitted by the Code and applicable tax regulations.

The Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010 changed the carryforward periods for capital loss carryforwards of funds. For capital losses realized in taxable years beginning after December 22, 2010 (the “Enactment Date”), the eight-year limitation has been eliminated, so that any capital losses realized by a Fund in the taxable year beginning after December 22, 2010 and in subsequent taxable years will be permitted to be carried forward indefinitely and will retain their character as short- or long-term capital losses. Capital loss carryovers from taxable years beginning prior the Enactment Date are still subject to the eight-year limitation. The Code provides for coordination of capital loss carryovers arising in taxable years before and after the Enactment Date by requiring that capital loss carryovers from taxable years beginning after the Enactment Date be applied before capital loss carryovers from taxable years beginning prior to the Enactment Date. This could cause all or a portion of the pre-Enactment Date losses to expire before they can be used.

Capital losses that were incurred in taxable years beginning after the Enactment Date and will be carried forward indefinitely are as follows:


Fund	Short-Term Capital Loss Carryforward (000s)		Long-Term Capital Loss Carryforward (000s)
Municipal Money Market Fund	$	66		0

FEDERAL—TAX-EXEMPT INFORMATION

As described in the Prospectus, the Municipal Money Market Fund is designed to provide investors with federally tax-exempt interest income. The Municipal Money Market Fund is not intended to constitute a balanced investment program and is not designed for investors seeking capital appreciation or maximum tax-exempt income irrespective of fluctuations in principal. Tax-exempt institutions and retirement plans qualified under Section 401 of the Code, H.R. 10 plans and individual retirement accounts are generally tax-exempt and, therefore, would not gain any additional benefit from the Municipal Money Market Fund’s dividends being tax-exempt. In addition, the Municipal Money Market Fund may not be an appropriate investment for persons or entities that are “substantial users” of facilities financed by private activity bonds or “related persons” thereof. “Substantial user” is defined under U.S. Treasury Regulations to include a non-exempt person which regularly uses a part of such facilities in its trade or business and whose gross revenues derived with respect to the facilities financed by the issuance of bonds are more than 5% of the total revenues derived by all users of such facilities, or which occupies more than 5% of the usable area of such facilities or for which such facilities or a part thereof were specifically constructed, reconstructed or acquired. “Related persons” include certain related natural persons, affiliated corporations, partnerships and their partners and S corporations and their shareholders.

In order for the Municipal Money Market Fund to pay federal exempt-interest dividends with respect to any taxable year, at the close of each taxable quarter at least 50% of the aggregate value of the total assets of the Fund must consist of tax-exempt obligations. An exempt-interest dividend is any dividend or part thereof (other than a capital gain dividend) paid by the Fund and designated as an exempt-interest dividend in a written notice furnished to shareholders. But the aggregate amount of dividends so designated by the Municipal Money Market Fund cannot exceed the excess of the amount of interest exempt from tax under Section 103 of the Code received by the Fund during the taxable year over any amounts disallowed as deductions under Sections 265 and 171(a)(2) of the Code. The percentage of total dividends paid by the Municipal Money Market Fund with respect to any taxable year which qualifies as federal exempt-interest dividends will be the same for all shareholders receiving dividends from the Fund with respect to such year.

In purchasing tax-exempt obligations, the Municipal Money Market Fund intends to rely on opinions of bond counsel or counsel to the issuers of the tax-exempt obligations as to the excludability of interest on those obligations from gross income for federal income tax purposes. The Municipal Money Market Fund will not undertake independent investigations concerning the tax-exempt status of such obligations, nor does it guarantee or represent that bond counsels’ opinions are correct. Bond counsels’ opinions will generally be based in part upon covenants by the issuers and related parties regarding continuing compliance with federal tax requirements. Tax laws not only limit the purposes for which tax-exempt bonds may be issued and the supply of such bonds, but also contain numerous and complex requirements that must be satisfied on a continuing basis in order for bonds to be and remain tax-exempt. If the issuer of a bond or a user of a bond-financed facility fails to comply with such requirements at any time, interest on the bond could become taxable, retroactive to the date the obligation was issued. In that event, a portion of the Municipal Money Market Fund’s distributions attributable to interest the Fund received on such bond for the current year and for prior years could be characterized or recharacterized as taxable income.

Corporate taxpayers will be required to take into account all exempt-interest dividends from the Municipal Money Market Fund in determining certain adjustments for alternative minimum tax purposes.

The Municipal Money Market Fund will determine annually the percentages of its respective net investment income that are exempt from tax, which constitute an item of tax preference for purposes of the federal alternative minimum tax, and which are fully taxable, and will apply these percentages uniformly to all dividends declared from net investment income during that year. These percentages may differ significantly from the actual percentages for any particular day.

Shareholders will be advised annually as to the federal income tax consequences of distributions made by the Municipal Money Market Fund. The Municipal Money Market Fund is required to report to the Internal Revenue Service the amount of exempt interest dividends paid to a shareholder.

STATE AND LOCAL TAXES

Although each Fund expects to qualify as a “regulated investment company” and to be relieved of all or substantially all federal income taxes, depending upon the extent of its activities in states and localities in which its offices are maintained, in which its agents or independent contractors are located or in which it is otherwise deemed to be conducting business, each Fund may be subject to the tax laws of such states or localities.

TAXATION OF NON-U.S. SHAREHOLDERS

Dividends paid by the Fund to non-U.S. shareholders are generally subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate or a reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty to the extent derived from investment income and short-term capital gains. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. shareholder will be required to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable, certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. Certain interest related dividends and short term capital gain dividends as designated by the Fund are not subject to this 30% withholding tax if the shareholder provides a properly completed Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E, as applicable. The withholding tax does not apply to regular dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder who provides a Form W-8ECI, certifying that the dividends are effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Instead, the effectively connected dividends will be subject to regular U.S. income tax as if the non-U.S. shareholder were a U.S. shareholder. A

non-U.S. corporation receiving effectively connected dividends may also be subject to additional “branch profits tax” imposed at a rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate). A non-U.S. shareholder who fails to provide an IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E or other applicable form may be subject to backup withholding at the appropriate rate.

In general, United States federal withholding tax will not apply to any gain or income realized by a non-U.S. shareholder in respect of any distributions of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses, exempt-interest dividends, or upon the sale or other disposition of shares of the Fund.

Ordinary dividends paid to a non-U.S. shareholder that fails to make certain required certifications, or that is a “foreign financial institution” as defined in Section 1471 of the Code and that does not meet the requirements imposed on foreign financial institutions by Section 1471, are generally subject to a U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate. The extent, if any, to which such withholding tax may be reduced or eliminated by an applicable tax treaty is unclear. A non-U.S. shareholder may be exempt from the withholding described in this paragraph under an intergovernmental agreement between the U.S. and a foreign government, provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.

DESCRIPTION OF SHARES

The Trust Agreement permits the Board to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest of one or more separate series representing interests in one or more investment portfolios. The Trustees of the Trust may hereafter create series in addition to the Trust’s 43 existing series, which represent interests in the Trust’s 43 respective portfolios, four of which are described in this SAI.

The Trustees may appoint separate Trustees with respect to one or more series or classes of the Trust’s shares (the “Series Trustees”). To the extent provided by the Trustees in the appointment of Series Trustees, Series Trustees: (i) may, but are not required to, serve as Trustees of the Trust or any other series or class of the Trust; (ii) may have, to the exclusion of any other Trustee of the Trust, all the powers and authorities of Trustees under the Trust Agreement with respect to such series or class; and/or (iii) may have no power or authority with respect to any other series or class. There are currently no Series Trustees for the Trust.

Under the terms of the Trust Agreement, each share of each Fund has a par value of $0.0001, which represents a proportionate interest in the particular Fund with each other share of its class in the same Fund and is entitled to such dividends and distributions out of the income belonging to the Fund as are declared by the Trustees. Upon any liquidation of a Fund, shareholders of each class of a Fund are entitled to share pro rata in the net assets belonging to that class available for distribution. Shares do not have any preemptive or conversion rights. The right of redemption is described under “Account Policies and Other Information” in the Prospectus. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the 1940 Act, the right of a shareholder to redeem shares and the date of payment by a Fund may be suspended for more than seven days (i) for any period during which the New York Stock Exchange is closed, other than the customary weekends or holidays, or trading in the markets the Fund normally utilizes is closed or is restricted as determined by the SEC, (ii) during any emergency, as determined by the SEC, as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund to dispose of instruments owned by it or fairly to determine the value of its net assets, (iii) with respect to the Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund, during the imposition of a redemption gate for up to 10 business days in any given 90-day period in the event that a Fund’s weekly liquid assets fall below certain thresholds (see “Net Asset Value—Liquidity Fees and Redemption Gates—Money Market Fund and Municipal Money Market Fund” beginning on page 65), or (iv) for such other period as the SEC may by order permit for the protection of the shareholders of the Fund. The Trust also may suspend or postpone the recordation of the transfer of its shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions. In addition, shares of each Fund are redeemable at the unilateral option of the Trust. Shares when issued as described in the Prospectus are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, except as stated below. In the interests of economy and convenience, certificates representing shares of the Funds are not issued.

The proceeds received by each Fund for each issue or sale of its shares, and all net investment income, realized and unrealized gain and proceeds thereof, subject only to the rights of creditors, will be specifically allocated to and constitute the underlying assets of that Fund. The underlying assets of each Fund will be segregated on the books of account, and will be charged with the liabilities in respect to that Fund and with a share of the general liabilities of the Trust. Expenses with respect to the Funds and other funds of the Trust normally are allocated in proportion to the NAV of the respective funds except where allocations of direct expenses can otherwise be fairly made.

NOTICE: Under Section 72.1021(a) of the Texas Property Code, initial investors in the Funds who are Texas residents may designate a representative to receive notices of abandoned property in connection with Fund shares. Texas shareholders who wish to appoint a representative should notify the Trust’s Transfer Agent by writing to the Northern Funds Center, P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986 or by calling 800-595-9111 to obtain a form for providing written notice to the Trust.

Each Fund and other funds of the Trust entitled to vote on a matter will vote in the aggregate and not by fund, except as required by law or when the matter to be voted on affects only the interests of shareholders of a particular fund.

Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that any matter required by the provisions of the 1940 Act or applicable state law, or otherwise, to be submitted to the holders of the outstanding voting securities of an investment company such as the Trust shall not be deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of each investment portfolio affected by such matter. Rule 18f-2 further provides that an investment portfolio shall be deemed to be affected by a matter unless the interests of each investment portfolio in the matter are substantially identical or the matter does not affect any interest of the investment portfolio. Under the Rule, the approval of an investment advisory agreement or any change in a fundamental investment policy would be effectively acted upon with respect to an investment portfolio only if approved by a majority of the outstanding shares of such investment portfolio. However, the Rule also provides that the ratification of the appointment of independent accountants, the approval of principal underwriting contracts and the election of Trustees are exempt from the separate voting requirements stated above.

The Trust is not required to hold annual meetings of shareholders and does not intend to hold such meetings. In the event that a meeting of shareholders is held, each share of the Trust will be entitled, as determined by the Trustees without the vote or consent of shareholders, either to one vote for each share (and proportionate fractional votes for fractional shares held) or to one vote for each dollar of NAV represented by such shares on all matters presented to shareholders, including the election of Trustees (this method of voting being referred to as “dollar-based voting”). However, to the extent required by the 1940 Act or otherwise determined by the Trustees, series and classes of the Trust will vote separately from each other. Shareholders of the Trust do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of Trustees and, accordingly, the holders of more than 50% of the aggregate voting power of the Trust may elect all of the Trustees, irrespective of the vote of the other shareholders. Meetings of shareholders of the Trust, or any series or class thereof, may be called by the Trustees, certain officers or upon the written request of holders of 10% or more of the shares entitled to vote at such meeting. The power to call a vote with respect to shareholders of the Funds is vested exclusively with the Board. To the extent required by law, the Trust will assist in shareholder communications in connection with a meeting called by shareholders. The shareholders of the Trust will have voting rights only with respect to the limited number of matters specified in the Trust Agreement and such other matters as the Trustees may determine or may be required by law.

The Trust Agreement authorizes the Trustees, without shareholder approval (except as stated in the next paragraph), to cause the Trust, or any series thereof, to merge or consolidate with any corporation, association, trust or other organization or sell or exchange all or substantially all of the property belonging to the Trust, or any series thereof. In addition, the Trustees, without shareholder approval, may adopt a “master-feeder” structure by investing substantially all of the assets of a series of the Trust in the securities of another open-end investment company or pooled portfolio.

The Trust Agreement also authorizes the Trustees, in connection with the merger, consolidation, termination or other reorganization of the Trust or any series or class, to classify the shareholders of any class into one or more separate groups and to provide for the different treatment of shares held by the different groups, provided that such merger, consolidation, termination or other reorganization is approved by a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of each group of shareholders that are so classified.

The Board may not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trust, amend or otherwise supplement the Trust Agreement or amend and restate a trust investment to reduce the rights, duties, powers, authorities and responsibilities of the Trustees, except to the extent such action does not violate the 1940 Act. Subject to the foregoing, the Trust Agreement permits the Trustees to amend the Trust Agreement without a shareholder vote. However, shareholders of the Trust have the right to vote on any

amendment: (i) that would adversely affect the voting rights of shareholders; (ii) that is required by law to be approved by shareholders; (iii) that would amend the voting provisions of the Trust Agreement; or (iv) that the Trustees determine to submit to shareholders.

The Trust Agreement permits the termination of the Trust or of any series or class of the Trust: (i) by a majority of the affected shareholders at a meeting of shareholders of the Trust, series or class; or (ii) by a majority of the Trustees without shareholder approval if the Trustees determine that such action is in the best interest of the Trust or its shareholders. The factors and events that the Trustees may take into account in making such determination include: (i) the inability of the Trust or any series or class to maintain its assets at an appropriate size; (ii) changes in laws or regulations governing the Trust, or any series or class thereof, or affecting assets of the type in which it invests; or (iii) economic developments or trends having a significant adverse impact on their business or operations.

Under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (the “Delaware Act”), shareholders are not personally liable for obligations of the Trust. The Delaware Act entitles shareholders of the Trust to the same limitation of liability as is available to shareholders of private for-profit corporations. However, no similar statutory or other authority limiting statutory trust shareholder liability exists in many other states. As a result, to the extent that the Trust or a shareholder is subject to the jurisdiction of courts in such other states, those courts may not apply Delaware law and may subject the shareholders to liability. To offset this risk, the Trust Agreement: (i) contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Trust and requires that notice of such disclaimer be given in each agreement, obligation and instrument entered into or executed by the Trust or its Trustees and (ii) provides for indemnification out of the property of the applicable series of the Trust of any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust solely by reason of being or having been a shareholder and not because of the shareholder’s acts or omissions or for some other reason. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss beyond his or her investment because of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which all of the following factors are present: (i) a court refuses to apply Delaware law; (ii) the liability arises under tort law or, if not, no contractual limitation of liability is in effect; and (iii) the applicable series of the Trust is unable to meet its obligations.

The Trust Agreement provides that the Trustees will not be liable to any person other than the Trust or a shareholder and that a Trustee will not be liable for any act as a Trustee. However, nothing in the Trust Agreement protects a Trustee against any liability to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office. The Trust Agreement provides for indemnification of Trustees, officers and agents of the Trust unless the recipient is liable by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office.

The Trust Agreement provides that each shareholder, by virtue of becoming such, will be held to have expressly assented and agreed to the terms of the Trust Agreement and to have become a party thereto.

In addition to the requirements of Delaware law, the Trust Agreement provides that a shareholder of the Trust may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (i) shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under Delaware law who hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust, or 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which such action relates, must join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (ii) the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trust Agreement also provides that no person, other than the Trustees, who is not a shareholder of a particular series or class shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of or with respect to such series or class. The Trustees will be entitled to retain counsel or other advisers in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisers in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.

The term “majority of the outstanding shares” of either the Trust or a fund or investment portfolio means, with respect to the approval of an investment advisory agreement, or a change in a fundamental investment policy, the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the shares of the Trust or such Fund or portfolio present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or such Fund or portfolio are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or such Fund or portfolio.

The Trust’s by-laws state that, unless the Trust consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forums for any Shareholder (including a beneficial owner) to bring (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Trust, (ii) any action asserting a claim or breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any Trustee, officer or employee, if any, of the Trust to the Trust or the Trust’s Shareholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against the Trust, its Trustees, officers or employees, if any, arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act or the Trust’s Trust Instrument or by-laws; or (iv) any action asserting a claim against the Trust, its Trustees, officers or employees, if any, governed by the internal affairs doctrine, shall be a state or federal court located within the State of Delaware. The Trust’s by-laws also state that any persons or entity that is a shareholder of the Trust shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the foregoing provisions of the Trust’s by-laws.

As of June 30, 2019, TNTC and its affiliates held of record outstanding shares of the Funds as agent, custodian, trustee or investment adviser on behalf of their customers. For certain Funds, the amount of shares held of record may be more than 25%. TNTC has advised the Trust that the following persons (whose mailing address, unless otherwise indicated, is: c/o The Northern Trust Company, 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603) owned of record or are known by the Funds to have beneficially owned 5% or more of the outstanding shares of any Fund as of June 30, 2019:


	Number of Shares		% of Fund
Money Market Fund
National Financial Services LLC		62,785,985		11.11	%
Halle Residential Community Property		31,627,744		5.57	%
Robert J.W. Moran Revocable Trust UAD		30,650,000		5.40	%

Municipal Money Market Fund
Elaine T. Marshall Revocable Trust		53,525,000		12.96	%
Estenson Trust		30,917,251		7.48	%
National Financial Services LLC		28,713,465		6.95	%

U.S. Government Money Market Fund
National Financial Services LLC		2,340,050,856		15.78	%

U.S. Government Select Money Market Fund
National Financial Services LLC		333,031,192		12.66	%

To the extent that any shareholder is the beneficial owner of more than 25% of the outstanding shares of any Fund, such shareholder may be deemed a “control person” of that Fund for purposes of the 1940 Act.

As of June 30, 2019, the Trust’s Trustees and officers as a group owned beneficially less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each Fund.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The audited financial statements of the Funds and related reports of Deloitte & Touche, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, contained in the annual report to the Funds’ shareholders for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 (the “Annual Report”), are hereby incorporated by reference herein. No other parts of the Annual Report, including without limitation, “Management’s Discussion of Fund Performance,” are incorporated by reference herein. Copies of the Funds’ Annual and Semiannual Reports may be obtained upon request and without charge, from the Transfer Agent by writing to the Northern Funds Center, P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986 or by calling 800-595-9111 (toll-free).

OTHER INFORMATION

Statements contained in the Prospectus or in this SAI as to the contents of any contract or other documents referred to are not necessarily complete, and in each instance reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which the Prospectus and this SAI form a part, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference. The Registration Statement, including the exhibits filed therewith, may be examined at the office of the SEC in Washington, D.C. or on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

APPENDIX A

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS

Short-Term Credit Ratings

An S&P Global Ratings short-term issue credit rating is generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. The following summarizes the rating categories used by S&P Global Ratings for short-term issues:

“A-1”—A short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

“A-2”—A short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.

“A-3”—A short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken an obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

“B”—A short-term obligation rated “B” is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.

“C”—A short-term obligation rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

“D”—A short-term obligation rated “D” is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to “D” if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.

Local Currency and Foreign Currency Ratings—S&P Global Ratings’ issuer credit ratings make a distinction between foreign currency ratings and local currency ratings. A foreign currency rating on an issuer will differ from the local currency rating on it when the obligor has a different capacity to meet its obligations denominated in its local currency, vs. obligations denominated in a foreign currency.

Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) short-term ratings are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment.

Moody’s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:

“P-1”—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

“P-2”—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.

A-1

“P-3”—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.

“NP”—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.

“NR”—Is assigned to an unrated issuer.

Fitch, Inc. / Fitch Ratings Ltd. (“Fitch”) short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term deposit ratings may be adjusted for loss severity. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short-term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets. The following summarizes the rating categories used by Fitch for short-term obligations:

“F1”—Securities possess the highest short-term credit quality. This designation indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.

“F2”—Securities possess good short-term credit quality. This designation indicates good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.

“F3”—Securities possess fair short-term credit quality. This designation indicates that the intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.

“B”—Securities possess speculative short-term credit quality. This designation indicates minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

“C”—Securities possess high short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.

“RD”—Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.

“D”—Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.

Plus (+) or minus (-)—The “F1” rating may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show the relative status within that major rating category.

“NR”—Is assigned to an unrated issue of a rated issuer.

The DBRS^® Ratings Limited (“DBRS”) short-term debt rating scale provides an opinion on the risk that an issuer will not meet its short-term financial obligations in a timely manner. Ratings are based on quantitative and qualitative considerations relevant to the issuer and the relative ranking of claims. The R-1 and R-2 rating categories are further denoted by the sub-categories “(high)”, “(middle)”, and “(low)”.

The following summarizes the ratings used by DBRS for commercial paper and short-term debt:

“R-1 (high)”—Short-term debt rated “R-1 (high)” is of the highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is exceptionally high. Unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.

A-2

“R-1 (middle)”—Short-term debt rated “R-1 (middle)” is of superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is very high. Differs from “R-1 (high)” by a relatively modest degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.

“R-1 (low)”—Short-term debt rated “R-1 (low)” is of good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is substantial. Overall strength is not as favorable as higher rating categories. May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.

“R-2 (high)”—Short-term debt rated “R-2 (high)” is considered to be at the upper end of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.

“R-2 (middle)”—Short-term debt rated “R-2 (middle)” is considered to be of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events or may be exposed to other factors that could reduce credit quality.

“R-2 (low)”—Short-term debt rated “R-2 (low)” is considered to be at the lower end of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events. A number of challenges are present that could affect the issuer’s ability to meet such obligations.

“R-3”—Short-term debt rated “R-3” is considered to be at the lowest end of adequate credit quality. There is a capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due. May be vulnerable to future events and the certainty of meeting such obligations could be impacted by a variety of developments.

“R-4”—Short-term debt rated “R-4” is considered to be of speculative credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is uncertain.

“R-5”—Short-term debt rated “R-5” is considered to be of highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to the capacity to meet short-term financial obligations as they fall due.

“D”—Short-term debt rated “D” is assigned when the issuer has filed under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or winding up statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of grace periods, a downgrade to “D” may occur. DBRS may also use “SD” (Selective Default) in cases where only some securities are impacted, such as the case of a “distressed exchange”.

Long-Term Credit Ratings

The following summarizes the ratings used by S&P Global Ratings for long-term issues:

“AAA”—An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.

“AA”—An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.

“A”—An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.

“BBB”—An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

A-3

“BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C”—Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.

“BB”—An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

“B”—An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB”, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

“CCC”—An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.

“CC”—An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The “CC” rating is used when a default has not yet occurred but S&P Global Ratings expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.

“C”—An obligation rated “C” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.

“D”—An obligation rated “D” is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or 30 calendar days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. An obligation’s rating is lowered to “D” if it is subject to a distressed exchange offer.

Plus (+) or minus (-)—The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

“NR”—This indicates that a rating has not been assigned, or is no longer assigned.

Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks—S&P Global Ratings’ issuer credit ratings make a distinction between foreign currency ratings and local currency ratings. An issuer’s foreign currency rating will differ from its local currency rating when the obligor has a different capacity to meet its obligations denominated in its local currency, vs. obligations denominated in a foreign currency.

Moody’s long-term ratings are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. Such ratings reflect both on the likelihood of default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment. The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for long-term debt:

“Aaa”—Obligations rated “Aaa” are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.

“Aa”—Obligations rated “Aa” are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.

A-4

“A”—Obligations rated “A” are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.

“Baa”—Obligations rated “Baa” are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.

“Ba”—Obligations rated “Ba” are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.

“B”—Obligations rated “B” are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.

“Caa”—Obligations rated “Caa” are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.

“Ca”—Obligations rated “Ca” are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.

“C”—Obligations rated “C” are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.

Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from “Aa” through “Caa.” The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.

“NR”—Is assigned to unrated obligations.

The following summarizes long-term ratings used by Fitch:

“AAA”—Securities considered to be of the highest credit quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.

“AA”—Securities considered to be of very high credit quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.

“A”—Securities considered to be of high credit quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.

“BBB”—Securities considered to be of good credit quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.

“BB”—Securities considered to be speculative. “BB” ratings indicate that there is an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.

“B”—Securities considered to be highly speculative. “B” ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.

“CCC”—A “CCC” rating indicates that substantial credit risk is present.

“CC”—A “CC” rating indicates very high levels of credit risk.

“C”—A “C” rating indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.

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Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned “RD” or “D” ratings but are instead rated in the “CCC” to “C” rating categories, depending on their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Fitch believes that this approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.

Plus (+) or minus (-) may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the “AAA” obligation rating category, or to corporate finance obligation ratings in the categories below “CCC”.

“NR”—Is assigned to an unrated issue of a rated issuer.

The DBRS long-term rating scale provides an opinion on the risk of default. That is, the risk that an issuer will fail to satisfy its financial obligations in accordance with the terms under which an obligation has been issued. Ratings are based on quantitative and qualitative considerations relevant to the issuer, and the relative ranking of claims. All rating categories other than AAA and D also contain subcategories “(high)” and “(low)”. The absence of either a “(high)” or “(low)” designation indicates the rating is in the middle of the category. The following summarizes the ratings used by DBRS for long-term debt:

“AAA”—Long-term debt rated “AAA” is of the highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is exceptionally high and unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.

“AA”—Long-term debt rated “AA” is of superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered high. Credit quality differs from “AAA” only to a small degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.

“A”—Long-term debt rated “A” is of good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is substantial, but of lesser credit quality than “AA.” May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.

“BBB”—Long-term debt rated “BBB” is of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.

“BB”—Long-term debt rated “BB” is of speculative, non-investment grade credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is uncertain. Vulnerable to future events.

“B”—Long-term debt rated “B” is of highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to the capacity to meet financial obligations.

“CCC”, “CC” and “C”—Long-term debt rated in any of these categories is of very highly speculative credit quality. In danger of defaulting on financial obligations. There is little difference between these three categories, although “CC” and “C” ratings are normally applied to obligations that are seen as highly likely to default, or subordinated to obligations rated in the “CCC” to “B” range. Obligations in respect of which default has not technically taken place but is considered inevitable may be rated in the “C” category.

“D”—A security rated “D” is assigned when the issuer has filed under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or winding up statute or there is a failure to satisfy an obligation after the exhaustion of grace periods, a downgrade to “D” may occur. DBRS may also use “SD” (Selective Default) in cases where only some securities are impacted, such as the case of a “distressed exchange”.

Municipal Note Ratings

An S&P Global Ratings U.S. municipal note rating reflects S&P Global Ratings’ opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note

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rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, S&P Global Ratings’ analysis will review the following considerations:

•

Amortization schedule—the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and

•

Source of payment—the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.

Municipal Short-Term Note rating symbols are as follows:

“SP-1”—A municipal note rated “SP-1” exhibits a strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.

“SP-2”—A municipal note rated “SP-2” exhibits a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.

“SP-3”—A municipal note rated “SP-3” exhibits a speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.

“D”—This rating is assigned upon failure to pay the note when due, completion of a distressed exchange offer, or the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions.

Moody’s uses the Municipal Investment Grade (“MIG”) scale to rate U.S. municipal bond anticipation notes of up to five years maturity. Municipal notes rated on the MIG scale may be secured by either pledged revenues or proceeds of a take-out financing received prior to note maturity. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation, and the issuer’s long-term rating is only one consideration in assigning the MIG rating. MIG ratings are divided into three levels—“MIG-1” through “MIG-3” while speculative grade short-term obligations are designated “SG”. The following summarizes the ratings used by Moody’s for short-term municipal obligations:

“MIG-1”—This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.

“MIG-2”—This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.

“MIG-3”—This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.

“SG”—This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.

“NR”—Is assigned to an unrated obligation.

In the case of variable rate demand obligations (“VRDOs”), a two-component rating is assigned: a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody’s evaluation of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moody’s evaluation of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (“demand feature”). The second element uses a rating from a variation of the MIG scale called the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or “VMIG” scale. The rating transitions on the VMIG scale differ from those on the Prime scale to reflect the risk that external liquidity support generally will terminate if the issuer’s long-term rating drops below investment grade.

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“VMIG-1”—This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

“VMIG-2”—This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

“VMIG-3”—This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

“SG”—This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

“NR”—Is assigned to an unrated obligation.

About Credit Ratings

An S&P Global Ratings issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects S&P Global Ratings’ view of the obligor’s capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and this opinion may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.

Ratings assigned on Moody’s global long-term and short-term rating scales are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities.

Fitch’s credit ratings provide an opinion on the relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Fitch credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving the money owed to them in accordance with the terms on which they invested. Fitch’s credit ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign financial, bank, insurance, and public finance entities (including supranational and sub-national entities) and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.

Credit ratings provided by DBRS are forward-looking opinions about credit risk which reflect the creditworthiness of an issuer, rated entity, and/or security. Credit ratings are not statements of fact. While historical statistics and performance can be important considerations, credit ratings are not based solely on such; they include subjective considerations and involve expectations for future performance that cannot be guaranteed. To the extent that future events and economic conditions do not match expectations, credit ratings assigned to issuers and/or securities can change. Credit ratings are also based on approved and applicable Methodologies (“Methodologies”), which are periodically updated and when material changes are deemed necessary, this may also lead to rating changes.

Credit ratings typically provide an opinion on the risk that investors may not be repaid in accordance with the terms under which the obligation was issued. In some cases, credit ratings may also include consideration for the

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relative ranking of claims and recovery, should default occur. Credit ratings are meant to provide opinions on relative measures of risk and are not based on expectations of any specific default probability, nor are they meant to predict such.

The data and information on which DBRS bases its opinions is not audited or verified by DBRS, although, DBRS conducts a reasonableness review of information received and relied upon in accordance with its Methodologies and policies.

DBRS uses rating symbols as a concise method of expressing its opinion to the market, but there are a limited number of rating categories for the possible slight risk differentials that exist across the rating spectrum and DBRS does not assert that credit ratings in the same category are of “exactly” the same quality.

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PART C: OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 28.

EXHIBITS

The following exhibits are incorporated herein by reference to:

Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 to such Registration Statement filed on July 29, 1996 (Accession No. 0000893220-96-001248) (“PEA No. 11”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to such Registration Statement filed on May 28, 1999 (Accession No. 0000893220-99-000673) (“PEA No. 22”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to such Registration Statement filed on October 15, 1999 (Accession No. 0000893220-99-001176) (“PEA No. 27”),

Post-Effective Amendment Nos. 30 and 31 to such Registration Statement filed on May 15, 2000 (Accession Nos. 0000927405-00-000135 and 0000927405-00-000136) (“PEA Nos. 30 and 31”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 to such Registration Statement filed on August 1, 2000 (Accession No. 0000948221-00-000340) (“PEA No. 34”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to such Registration Statement filed on March 9, 2001 (Accession No. 0000912057-01-007427) (“PEA No. 35”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 38 to such Registration Statement filed on May 30, 2002 (Accession No. 0000912057-02-022419) (“PEA No. 38”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 39 to such Registration Statement filed on July 29, 2003 (Accession No. 0001047469-03-025437) (“PEA No. 39”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 to such Registration Statement filed on July 26, 2004 (Accession No. 0000950137-04-005850) (“PEA No. 40”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 to such Registration Statement filed on December 1, 2004 (Accession No. 0000950137-04-010606) (“PEA No. 41”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 to such Registration Statement filed on May 25, 2005 (Accession No. 0000950137-05-006454) (“PEA No. 42”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 to such Registration Statement filed on December 16, 2005 (Accession No. 0000950137-05-015036) (“PEA No. 45”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to such Registration Statement filed on March 27, 2006 (Accession No. 0000950137-06-003828) (“PEA No. 46”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 to such Registration Statement filed on June 22, 2006 (Accession No. 0000950137-06-007089) (“PEA No. 49”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to such Registration Statement filed on July 28, 2006 (Accession No. 0000950137-06-008268) (“PEA No. 50”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 53 to such Registration Statement filed on May 30, 2007 (Accession No. 0000950137-07-008254) (“PEA No. 53”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 57 to such Registration Statement filed on August 13, 2007 (Accession No. 0000950137-07-012261) (“PEA No. 57”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 58 to such Registration Statement filed on September 7, 2007 (Accession No. 0000950137-07-013913) (“PEA No. 58”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 59 to such Registration Statement filed on July 1, 2008 (Accession No. 0001193125-08-145069) (“PEA No. 59”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 60 to such Registration Statement filed on July 29, 2008 (Accession No. 0001193125-08-160161) (“PEA No. 60”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to such Registration Statement filed on November 17, 2008 (Accession No. 0001193125-08-237777) (“PEA No. 63”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 to such Registration Statement filed on March 31, 2009 (Accession No. 0001193125-09-069646) (“PEA No. 64”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 to such Registration Statement filed on June 22, 2009 (Accession No. 0001193125-09-134909) (“PEA No. 65”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 68 to such Registration Statement filed on September 8, 2009 (Accession No. 0001193125-09-188660) (“PEA No. 68”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 69 to such Registration Statement filed on January 4, 2010 (Accession No. 0001193125-10-000472) (“PEA No. 69”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to such Registration Statement filed on May 28, 2010 (Accession No. 0000950130-10-000276) (“PEA No. 71”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 to such Registration Statement filed on July 29, 2010 (Accession No. 0001193125-10-170156) (“PEA No. 74”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 76 to such Registration Statement filed on May 16, 2011 (Accession No. 0001193125-11-141481) (“PEA No. 76”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 77 to such Registration Statement filed on July 27, 2011 (Accession No. 0001193125-11-199060) (“PEA No. 77”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 78 to such Registration Statement filed on July 27, 2011 (Accession No. 0001193125-11-199111) (“PEA No. 78”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 81 to such Registration Statement filed on March 21, 2012 (Accession No. 0001193125-12-125352) (“PEA No. 81”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 86 to such Registration Statement filed on July 23, 2012 (Accession No. 0001193125-12-310585) (“PEA No. 86”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 91 to such Registration Statement filed on August 17, 2012 (Accession No. 0001193125-12-360787) (“PEA No. 91”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 93 to such Registration Statement filed on December 7, 2012 (Accession No. 0001193125-12-495705) (“PEA No. 93”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 95 to such Registration Statement filed on March 22, 2013 (Accession No. 0001193125-13-121464) (“PEA No. 95”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 98 to such Registration Statement filed on July 22, 2013 (Accession No. 0001193125-13-297456) (“PEA No. 98”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 102 to such Registration Statement filed on October 15, 2013 (Accession No. 0001193125-13-400061) (“PEA No. 102”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 to such Registration Statement filed on July 24, 2014 (Accession No. 0001193125-14-279075) (“PEA No. 104”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 105 to such Registration Statement filed on July 24, 2014 (Accession No. 0001193125-14-279120) (“PEA No. 105”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 108 to such Registration Statement filed on July 24, 2015 (Accession No. 0001193125-15-262844) (“PEA No. 108”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 109 to such Registration Statement filed on July 24, 2015 (Accession No. 0001193125-15-262896) (“PEA No. 109”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 112 to such Registration Statement filed on March 10, 2016 (Accession No. 0001193125-16-500061) (“PEA No. 112”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 114 to such Registration Statement filed on July 28, 2016 (Accession No. 0001193125-16-662187) (“PEA No. 114”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 117 to such Registration Statement filed on September 28, 2016 (Accession No. 0001193125-16-723779) (“PEA No. 117”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 119 to such Registration Statement filed on October 13, 2016 (Accession No. 0001193125-16-737780) (“PEA No. 119”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 130 to such Registration Statement filed on July 28, 2017 (Accession No. 0001193125-17-240466) (“PEA No. 130”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 132 to such Registration Statement filed on August 18, 2017 (Accession No. 0001193125-17-262163) (“PEA No. 132”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 134 to such Registration Statement filed on September 1, 2017 (Accession No. 0001193125-17-275678) (“PEA No. 134”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 136 to such Registration Statement filed on November 17, 2017 (Accession No. 0001193125-17-347104) (“PEA No. 136”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 138 to such Registration Statement filed on May 31, 2018 (Accession No. 0001193125-18-180423) (“PEA No. 138”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 139 to such Registration Statement filed on July 26, 2018 (Accession No. 0001193125-18-227916) (“PEA No. 139”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 140 to such Registration Statement filed on August 8, 2018 (Accession No. 0001193125-18-242912) (“PEA No. 140”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 141 to such Registration Statement filed on September 14, 2018 (Accession No. 0001193125-18-274246) (“PEA No. 141”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 146 to such Registration Statement filed on October 23, 2018 (Accession No. 0001193125-18-304376) (“PEA No.146”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 148 to such Registration Statement filed on November 9, 2018 (Accession No. 0001193125-18-323865) (“PEA No. 148”),

Post-Effective Amendment No. 150 to such Registration Statement filed on January 7, 2019 (Accession No. 0001193125-19-003910) (“PEA No. 150”), and

Post-Effective Amendment No. 152 to such Registration Statement filed on July 26, 2019 (Accession No. 0001193125-19-203715) (“PEA No. 152”).


a)	(1)	Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated February 7, 2000 filed as Exhibit (a)(19) to PEA Nos. 30 and 31.

	(2)	Amendment No. 1 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated February 8, 2000 filed as Exhibit (a)(2) to PEA No. 34.

	(3)	Amendment No. 2 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated May 2, 2000 filed as Exhibit (a)(3) to PEA No. 34.

	(4)	Amendment No. 3 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated September 25, 2000 filed as Exhibit (a)(1) to PEA No. 35.

	(5)	Amendment No. 4 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated February 2, 2001 filed as Exhibit (a)(2) to PEA No. 35.

	(6)	Amendment No. 5 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated July 29, 2003 filed as Exhibit (a)(6) to PEA No. 39.

	(7)	Amendment No. 6 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated October 26, 2004 filed as Exhibit (a)(7) to PEA No. 41.

	(8)	Amendment No. 7 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated February 11, 2005 filed as Exhibit (a)(8) to PEA No. 42.


		(9)		Amendment No. 8 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated May 6, 2005 filed as Exhibit (a)(9) to PEA No. 42.

		(10)		Amendment No. 9 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated November 4, 2005 filed as Exhibit (a)(10) to PEA No. 45.

		(11)		Amendment No. 10 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated February 16, 2006 filed as Exhibit (a)(11) to PEA No. 46.

		(12)		Amendment No. 11 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated May 5, 2006 filed as Exhibit (a)(12) to PEA No. 49.

		(13)		Amendment No. 12 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated May 4, 2006 filed as Exhibit (a)(13) to PEA No. 49.

		(14)		Amendment No. 13 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated May 5, 2006 filed as Exhibit (a)(14) to PEA No. 49.

		(15)		Amendment No. 14 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated June 20, 2006 filed as Exhibit (a)(15) to PEA No. 50.

		(16)		Amendment No. 15 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated February 16, 2007 filed as Exhibit (a)(16) to PEA No. 53.

		(17)		Amendment No. 16 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated February 15, 2007 filed as Exhibit (a)(17) to PEA No. 53.

		(18)		Amendment No. 17 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated August 3, 2007 filed as Exhibit (a)(18) to PEA No. 57.

		(19)		Amendment No. 18 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated August 3, 2007 filed as Exhibit (a)(19) to PEA No. 57.

		(20)		Amendment No. 19 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated November 2, 2007 filed as Exhibit (a)(20) to PEA No. 60.

		(21)		Amendment No. 20 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated August 8, 2008 filed as Exhibit (a)(21) to PEA No. 63.

		(22)		Amendment No. 21 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated November 7, 2008 filed as Exhibit (a)(22) to PEA No. 63.

		(23)		Amendment No. 22 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated May 8, 2009 filed as Exhibit (a)(23) to PEA No. 65.

		(24)		Amendment No. 23 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated August 28, 2009 filed as Exhibit (a)(24) to PEA No. 68.

		(25)		Amendment No. 24 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated December 14, 2009 filed as Exhibit (a)(25) to PEA No. 71.

		(26)		Amendment No. 25 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective May 14, 2010 filed as Exhibit (a)(26) to PEA No. 74.

		(27)		Amendment No. 26 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective July 31, 2010 filed as Exhibit (a)(27) to PEA No. 74.

		(28)		Amendment No. 27 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective August 11, 2010 filed as Exhibit (a)(28) to PEA No. 76.

		(29)		Amendment No. 28 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective February 18, 2011 filed as Exhibit (a)(29) to PEA No. 76.

		(30)		Amendment No. 29 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective May 18, 2012 filed as Exhibit (a)(30) to PEA No. 86.

		(31)		Amendment No. 30 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective August 9, 2012 filed as Exhibit (a)(31) to PEA No. 91.

		(32)		Amendment No. 31 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective November 9, 2012 filed as Exhibit (a)(32) to PEA No. 93.

		(33)		Amendment No. 32 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective February 15, 2013 filed as Exhibit (a)(33) to PEA No. 95.

		(34)		Amendment No. 33 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective August 22, 2013 filed as Exhibit (a)(34) to PEA No. 102.

		(35)		Amendment No. 34 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective August 22, 2013 filed as Exhibit (a)(35) to PEA No. 104.


	(36)	Amendment No. 35 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective February 14, 2014 filed as Exhibit (a)(36) to PEA No. 104.

	(37)	Amendment No. 36 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective December 5, 2014 filed as Exhibit (a)(37) to PEA No. 108.

	(38)	Amendment No. 37 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective August 21, 2015 filed as Exhibit (a)(38) to PEA No. 112.

	(39)	Amendment No. 38 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective March 9, 2016 filed as Exhibit (a)(39) to PEA No. 112.

	(40)	Amendment No. 39 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective May 19, 2016 filed as Exhibit (a)(40) to PEA No. 114.

	(41)	Amendment No. 40 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective June 17, 2016 filed as Exhibit (a)(41) to PEA No. 114.

	(42)	Amendment No. 41 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust effective July 22, 2016 filed as Exhibit (a)(42) to PEA No. 114.

	(43)	Amendment No. 42 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated August 25, 2016 filed as Exhibit (a)(43) to PEA No. 117.

	(44)	Amendment No. 43 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated October 7, 2016 filed as Exhibit (a)(44) to PEA No. 119.

	(45)	Amendment No. 44 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated May 18, 2017 filed as Exhibit (a)(45) to PEA No. 130.

	(46)	Amendment No. 45 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated July 28, 2017 filed as Exhibit (a)(46) to PEA No. 136.

	(47)	Amendment No. 46 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated August 24, 2017 filed as Exhibit (a)(47) to PEA No. 136.

	(48)	Amendment No. 47 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated August 24, 2017 filed as Exhibit (a)(48) to PEA No. 136.

	(49)	Amendment No. 48 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated October 19, 2018 filed as Exhibit (a)(49) to PEA No. 148.

b)	(1)	Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted August 2, 2000 filed as Exhibit (b)(1) to PEA No. 38.

	(2)	Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted March 31, 2003 filed as Exhibit (b)(2) to PEA No. 39.

	(3)	Amendment No. 2 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted July 29, 2003 filed as Exhibit (b)(3) to PEA No. 39.

	(4)	Amendment No. 3 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted April 27, 2004 filed as Exhibit (b)(4) to PEA No. 40.

	(5)	Amendment No. 4 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted July 27, 2004 filed as Exhibit (b)(5) to PEA No. 41.

	(6)	Amendment No. 5 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted June 20, 2006 filed as Exhibit (b)(6) to PEA No. 50.

	(7)	Amendment No. 6 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted February 14, 2008 filed as Exhibit (b)(7) to PEA No. 60.

	(8)	Amendment No. 7 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted November 5, 2010 filed as Exhibit (b)(8) to PEA No. 76.

	(9)	Amended and Restated Amendment No. 8 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted August 19, 2015 as Amended and Restated on August 24, 2017 filed as Exhibit (b)(9) to PEA No. 136.

	(10)	Amendment No. 9 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted August 20, 2015 filed as Exhibit (b)(10) to PEA No. 112.

c)		Articles IV, V, VI, VII and IX of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated February 7, 2000 filed as Exhibit (a)(19) to PEA Nos. 30 and 31.

d)	(1)	Management Agreement between Northern Funds and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. dated June 30, 2014 is filed as Exhibit (d)(1) to PEA No. 104.


		(2)		Management Agreement between Northern Funds (on behalf of the Multi-Manager Funds) and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(2) to PEA No. 104.

		(3)		Amended and Restated Exhibit A to the Management Agreement between Northern Funds (on behalf of the Multi-Manager Funds) and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. dated May 2, 2016 filed as Exhibit (d)(3) to PEA No. 114.

		(4)		Amended and Restated Exhibit A dated August 18, 2017 to the Management Agreement between Northern Funds and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. filed as Exhibit (d)(6) to PEA No. 132.

		(5)		Amended and Restated Exhibit A dated November 17, 2017 to the Management Agreement between Northern Funds (on behalf of the Multi-Manager Funds) and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. filed as Exhibit (d)(5) to PEA No. 136.

		(6)		Fee Reduction Commitment between Northern Funds (on behalf of the Active M Emerging Markets Equity Fund, Multi-Manager Global Real Estate Fund, Active M International Equity Fund and Multi-Manager High Yield Opportunity Fund) and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. dated June 15, 2016 filed as Exhibit (d)(4) to PEA No. 114.

		(7)		Fee Reduction Commitment between Northern Funds (on behalf of the Large Cap Value Fund, International Equity Fund and Small Cap Core Fund) and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. dated July 31, 2017 filed as Exhibit (d)(5) to PEA No. 130.

		(8)		Expense Reimbursement Agreement between Northern Funds and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(128) to PEA No. 104.

		(9)		Expense Reimbursement Agreement between Northern Funds (on behalf of the Multi-Manager Funds) and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(129) to PEA No. 104.

		(10)		Amended and Restated Exhibit A to the Expense Reimbursement Agreement between the Registrant and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. filed as Exhibit (d)(7) to PEA No. 114.

		(11)		Amended and Restated Exhibit A to Expense Reimbursement Agreement between the Registrant and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. dated June 15, 2016 filed as Exhibit (d)(8) to PEA No. 114.

		(12)		Amended and Restated Exhibit A to Expense Reimbursement Agreement between the Registrant and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. dated June 15, 2016 filed as Exhibit (d)(11) to PEA No. 130.

		(13)		Expense Reimbursement Agreement between the Registrant and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. dated January 1, 2017 filed as Exhibit (d)(13) to PEA No. 130.

		(14)		Expense Reimbursement Agreement between the Registrant and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. (with respect to the U.S. Quality ESG Fund) dated August 18, 2017 filed as Exhibit (d)(12) to PEA No. 132.

		(15)		Expense Reimbursement Agreement dated November 17, 2017 between the Registrant (on behalf of the Northern Engage360^™ Fund) and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. filed as Exhibit (d)(15) to PEA No. 136.

		(16)		Expense Reimbursement Agreement dated April 1, 2018 between the Registrant (on behalf of the High Yield Fixed Income Fund and the High Yield Municipal Fund) and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. filed as Exhibit (d)(16) to PEA No. 139.

		(17)		Expense Reimbursement Agreement dated July 31, 2018 between the Registrant (on behalf of the Short Bond Fund, Short-Intermediate U.S. Government Fund and U.S. Government Fund) and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. filed as Exhibit (d)(17) to PEA No. 139.

		(18)		Amended and Restated Agreement to Reimburse Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses between the Registrant (on behalf of the Short Bond Fund, Short-Intermediate U.S. Government Fund and U.S. Government Fund) and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. dated October 23, 2018 filed as Exhibit (d)(18) to PEA No. 146.

		(19)		Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Ariel Investments, LLC dated November 17, 2017 filed as Exhibit (d)(58) to PEA No. 136.^*

		(20)		Amendment No. 1 dated February 28, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Ariel Investments, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(20) to PEA No. 152.^*

		(21)		Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Aristotle Capital Management, LLC dated November 17, 2017 filed as Exhibit (d)(59) to PEA No. 136.^*

		(22)		Amendment No. 1 dated March 28, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Aristotle Capital Management, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(22) to PEA No. 152.^*

		(23)		Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Ashmore Investment Management Limited dated February 16, 2017 filed as Exhibit (d)(14) to PEA No. 130.^*

		(24)		Amendment No. 1 dated March 28, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Ashmore Investment Management Limited filed as Exhibit (d)(24) to PEA No. 152.^*


		(25)		Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and Axiom International Investors, LLC dated November 19, 2008 filed as Exhibit (d)(58) to PEA No. 64.^*

		(26)		Assumption Agreement dated October 1, 2009 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Axiom International Investors, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(35) to PEA No. 69.

		(27)		Assumption Agreement dated December 30, 2010 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Axiom International Investors, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(101) to PEA No. 78.

		(28)		Amendment No. 1 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Axiom International Investors LLC dated October 1, 2012 filed as Exhibit (d)(98) to PEA No. 98.^*

		(29)		Amendment No. 2 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Axiom International Investors, LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(136) to PEA No. 105.

		(30)		Amendment No. 3 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Axiom International Investors LLC dated June 17, 2016 filed as Exhibit (d)(20) to PEA No. 130.

		(31)		Amendment No. 4 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Axiom International Investors LLC dated February 23, 2018 filed as Exhibit (d)(27) to PEA No. 139.^*

		(32)		Amendment No. 5 dated March 1, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Axiom International Investors LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(32) to PEA No. 152.^*

		(33)		Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Brandes Investment Partners, L.P. dated August 25, 2017 filed as Exhibit (d)(60) to PEA No. 136.^*

		(34)		Amendment No. 1 dated February 28, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Brandes Investment Partners, L.P. filed as Exhibit (d)(34) to PEA No. 152.^*

		(35)		Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Brookfield Investment Management Inc. dated November 24, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(156) to PEA No. 109.^*

		(36)		Amendment No. 1 dated January 4, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Brookfield Public Securities Group LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(36) to PEA No. 152.

		(37)		Amendment No. 2 dated March 26, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Brookfield Public Securities Group LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(37) to PEA No. 152.^*

		(38)		Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Causeway Capital Management LLC dated June 10, 2016 filed as Exhibit (d)(21) to PEA No. 114.^*

		(39)		Amendment No. 1 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Causeway Capital Management LLC dated June 17, 2016 filed as Exhibit (d)(27) to PEA No. 130.

		(40)		Amendment No. 2 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Causeway Capital Management LLC dated March 1, 2017 filed as Exhibit (d)(28) to PEA No. 130.

		(41)		Amendment No. 3 dated March 14, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Causeway Capital Management LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(41) to PEA No. 152. ^*

		(42)		Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and DDJ Capital Management, LLC dated September 19, 2012 filed as Exhibit (d)(95) to PEA No. 98.^*

		(43)		Amendment No. 1 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and DDJ Capital Management, LLC dated October 1, 2012 filed as Exhibit (d)(96) to PEA No. 98.^*

		(44)		Amendment No. 2 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and DDJ Capital Management, LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(164) to PEA No. 105.

		(45)		Amendment No. 3 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and DDJ Capital Management, LLC dated December 1, 2017 filed as Exhibit (d)(36) to PEA No. 139.^*

		(46)		Amendment No. 4 dated April 1, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and DDJ Capital Management, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(46) to PEA No. 152.^*

		(47)		Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and EARNEST Partners, LLC dated November 17, 2017 filed as Exhibit (d)(62) to PEA No. 136.^*

		(48)		Amendment No. 1 dated February 28, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and EARNEST Partners, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(48) to PEA No. 152.^*


		(49)		Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Global Evolution USA, LLC dated June 29, 2018 filed as Exhibit (d)(39) to PEA No. 139.^*

		(50)		Amendment No. 1 dated February 28, 2019 Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Global Evolution USA, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(50) to PEA No. 152.^*

		(51)		Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Lazard Asset Management LLC dated March 7, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(125) to PEA No. 98.^*

		(52)		Amendment No. 1 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Lazard Asset Management LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(142) to PEA No. 105.^*

		(53)		Amendment No.2 dated March 28, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Lazard Asset Management LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(53) to PEA No. 152.^*

		(54)		Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Maple-Brown Abbott Limited dated November 17, 2016 filed as Exhibit (d)(38) to PEA No. 130.^*

		(55)		Amendment No. 1 dated March 28, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Maple-Brown Abbott Limited filed as Exhibit (d)(55) to PEA No. 152.^*

		(56)		Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Massachusetts Financial Services Company dated November 20, 2017 filed as Exhibit (d)(45) to PEA No. 139.^*

		(57)		Amendment No. 1 dated April 15, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Massachusetts Financial Services Company filed as Exhibit (d)(57) to PEA No. 152.^*

		(58)		Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Neuberger Berman Fixed Income LLC dated July 1, 2011 filed as Exhibit (d)(128) to PEA No. 78.^*

		(59)		Amendment No. 1 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Neuberger Berman Fixed Income LLC dated January 1, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(116) to PEA No. 98.^*

		(60)		Amendment No. 2 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Neuberger Berman Fixed Income LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(166) to PEA No. 105.

		(61)		Amendment No. 3 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Neuberger Berman Investment Advisers LLC dated March 1, 2017 filed as Exhibit (d)(42) to PEA No. 130.

		(62)		Amendment No. 4 dated May 10, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Neuberger Berman Investment Advisers LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(62) to PEA No. 152.^*

		(63)		Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Nomura Corporate Research and Asset Management, Inc. dated June 10, 2016 filed as Exhibit (d)(36) to PEA No. 114.^*

		(64)		Amendment No. 1 dated November 15, 2018 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Nomura Corporate Research and Asset Management, Inc. filed as Exhibit (d)(64) to PEA No. 152.^*

		(65)		Amendment No. 2 dated February 28, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Nomura Corporate Research and Asset Management, Inc. filed as Exhibit (d)(65) to PEA No. 152.^*

		(66)		Amended and Restated Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and PanAgora Asset Management, Inc. dated September 1, 2018 filed as Exhibit (d)(66) to PEA No. 152.^*

		(67)		Amendment No. 1 dated March 4, 2019 to the Amended and Restated Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and PanAgora Asset Management, Inc. filed as Exhibit (d)(67) to PEA No. 152.^*

		(68)		Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Segall Bryant & Hamill, LLC dated April 30, 2018 filed as Exhibit (d)(58) to PEA No. 139.^*

		(69)		Amendment No. 1 dated February 28, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Segall Bryant & Hamill, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(69) to PEA No. 152.^*

		(70)		Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Strategic Global Advisors, LLC dated November 17, 2017 filed as Exhibit (d)(65) to PEA No. 136.^*

		(71)		Amendment No. 1 dated February 28, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Strategic Global Advisors, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(71) to PEA No. 152.^*


	(72)	Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Victory Capital Management Inc. dated November 19, 2015 filed as Exhibit (d)(43) to PEA No. 114.^*

	(73)	Amendment No. 1 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Victory Capital Management, Inc. dated June 17, 2016 filed as Exhibit (d)(52) to PEA No. 130.

	(74)	Amendment No. 2 dated March 20, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Victory Capital Management Inc. filed as Exhibit (d)(74) to PEA No. 152.^*

	(75)	Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and WCM Investment Management dated August 21, 2015 filed as Exhibit (d)(108) to PEA No. 112.^*

	(76)	Amendment No. 1 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and WCM Investment Management dated June 17, 2016 filed as Exhibit (d)(54) to PEA No. 130.

	(77)	Amendment No. 2 dated February 28, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and WCM Investment Management filed as Exhibit (d)(77) to PEA No. 152.^*

	(78)	Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Wellington Management Company LLP dated August 25, 2017 filed as Exhibit (d)(67) to PEA No. 136.^*

	(79)	Amendment No. 1 dated April 8, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Wellington Management Company LLP filed as Exhibit (d)(79) to PEA No. 152.^*

	(80)	Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and Westwood Global Investments, LLC dated November 19, 2008 filed as Exhibit (d)(60) to PEA No. 64.^*

	(81)	Assumption Agreement dated October 1, 2009 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Westwood Global Investments, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(54) to PEA No. 69.

	(82)	Assumption Agreement dated December 30, 2010 among Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Westwood Global Investments, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(122) to PEA No. 78.

	(83)	Amendment No. 1 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, Inc., The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut and Westwood Global Investments, LLC dated January 1, 2013 filed as Exhibit (d)(123) to PEA No. 98.^*

	(84)	Amendment No. 2 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Westwood Global Investments, LLC dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (d)(140) to PEA No. 105.

	(85)	Amendment No. 3 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Westwood Global Investments, LLC dated June 17, 2016 filed as Exhibit (d)(60) to PEA No. 130.

	(86)	Amendment No. 4 dated April 8, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Westwood Global Investments, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(86) to PEA No. 152.^*

	(87)	Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement dated November 15, 2018 between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and ARK Investment Management LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(87) to PEA No. 152.^*

	(88)	Amendment No. 1 dated April 16, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and ARK Investment Management LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(88) to PEA No. 152.^*

	(89)	Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement dated November 15, 2018 between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Mar Vista Investment Partners, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(89) to PEA No. 152.^*

	(90)	Amendment No. 1 dated February 28, 2019 to the Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Mar Vista Investment Partners, LLC filed as Exhibit (d)(90) to PEA No. 152.^*

e)	(1)	Distribution Agreement between Registrant and Northern Funds Distributors, LLC dated May 31, 2017 filed as Exhibit (e)(1) to PEA No. 130.

	(2)	Amended and Restated Schedule A dated November 17, 2017 to the Distribution Agreement between Registrant and Northern Funds Distributors, LLC filed as Exhibit (e)(2) to PEA No. 136.

f)		None.

g)	(1)	Custody Agreement between Northern Funds and The Northern Trust Company dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (g)(1) to PEA No. 104.


	(2)	Amended and Restated Schedule A to the Custody Agreement between Northern Funds and The Northern Trust Company dated August 22, 2019 is filed herewith.

	(3)	Amended and Restated Schedule B dated November 17, 2017 to the Custody Agreement between Northern Funds and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (g)(3) to PEA No. 136.

	(4)	Amendment to the Custody Agreement between Northern Funds and The Northern Trust Company is filed herewith.

h)	(1)	Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Registrant and The Northern Trust Company dated June 30, 2014 filed as Exhibit (h)(1) to PEA No. 104.

	(2)	Amended and Restated Schedule A dated November 17, 2017 to the Transfer Agency and Services Agreement between Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (h)(2) to PEA No. 136.

	(3)	Amendment dated November 15, 2018 to the Transfer Agency and Services Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (h)(4) to PEA No. 150.

	(4)	Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Services Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company is filed herewith.

	(5)	Amended and Restated Service Plan, adopted as of April 1, 1994 and most recently revised as of September 15, 1999, and Related Agreement filed as Exhibit (h)(11) to PEA No. 27.

	(6)	Amended and Restated Service Plan, adopted on April 1, 1994 and amended on May 2, 2000 and filed as Exhibit (h)(16) to PEA No. 34, and Related Forms of Servicing Agreement as amended on February 13, 2004 filed as Exhibit (h)(19) to PEA 40.

	(7)	Amended and Restated Service Plan, adopted on April 1, 1994 and amended on May 2, 2000 and November 19, 2015, and Form of Services Agreement, filed as Exhibit (h)(6) to PEA No. 114.

	(8)	Amended and Restated Service Plan, adopted on April 1, 1994 and amended on May 2, 2000, November 19, 2015 and April 1, 2017, and Form of Services Agreement filed as Exhibit (h)(9) to PEA No. 130.

	(9)	Plan of Reorganization by Northern Institutional Funds, on behalf of its Core Bond Portfolio, Short Bond Portfolio and U.S. Treasury Index Portfolio and Northern Funds, on behalf of its Core Bond Fund, Short Bond Fund and U.S. Treasury Index Fund, dated August 9, 2012 is filed as Exhibit (h)(47) to PEA No. 95.

	(10)	Plan of Reorganization by Northern Institutional Funds, on behalf of its Acquired Funds and Northern Funds, on behalf of its Acquiring Funds, dated August 9, 2012 is filed as Exhibit (h)(48) to PEA No. 95.

	(11)	Plan of Reorganization by Northern Funds, on behalf of its Large Cap Growth Fund and its Large Cap Core Fund, and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. (“NTI”) is filed as Exhibit (h)(43) to PEA No. 108.

	(12)	Plan of Reorganization by Northern Funds, on behalf of its Large Cap Equity Fund and Large Cap Core Fund, and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. filed as Exhibit (h)(13) to PEA No. 130.

i)		Opinion and Consent of Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP is filed herewith.

j)		Consent of Deliotte & Touche LLP is filed herewith.

k)		None.

l)	(1)	Purchase Agreement dated March 31, 1994 filed as Exhibit 13(a) to PEA No. 11.

	(2)	Purchase Agreement dated March 14, 1994 filed as Exhibit 13(b) to PEA No. 11.

	(3)	Purchase Agreement dated December 31, 1998 for shares of the High Yield Fixed Income Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(4) to PEA No. 22.

	(4)	Purchase Agreement dated December 31, 1998 for shares of the High Yield Municipal Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(5) to PEA No. 22.

	(5)	Purchase Agreement dated September 3, 1999 for shares of the Small Cap Index Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(6) to PEA No. 27.

	(6)	Purchase Agreement dated September 3, 1999 for shares of the Income Equity Fund, Stock Index Fund, Growth Equity Fund, Technology Fund, International Growth Equity Fund and Small Cap Index Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(7) to PEA No. 27.

	(7)	Purchase Agreement dated September 30, 1999 for shares of the Small Cap Growth Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(8) to PEA No. 27.


		(8)		Purchase Agreement dated September 30, 1999 for shares of the Short-Intermediate U.S. Government Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(9) to PEA No. 27.

		(9)		Purchase Agreement dated September 30, 1999 for shares of the California Intermediate Tax-Exempt Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(10) to PEA No. 27.

		(10)		Purchase Agreement dated September 30, 1999 for shares of the Arizona Tax-Exempt Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(11) to PEA No. 27.

		(11)		Purchase Agreement dated October 1, 1999 for shares of the U.S. Government Fund, Intermediate Tax-Exempt Fund, Fixed Income Fund, Tax-Exempt Fund, California Tax-Exempt Fund, International Fixed Income Fund, Arizona Tax-Exempt Fund, California Intermediate Tax-Exempt Fund and Short-Intermediate U.S. Government Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(12) to PEA No. 27.

		(12)		Purchase Agreement dated August 2, 2000 for shares of the Large Cap Value Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(1) to PEA No. 35.

		(13)		Purchase Agreement dated February 14, 2005 for shares of the Mid Cap Index Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(19) to PEA No. 42.

		(14)		Purchase Agreement dated February 14, 2005 for shares of the International Equity Index Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(20) to PEA No. 42.

		(15)		Purchase Agreement dated December 5, 2005 for shares of the Enhanced Large Cap Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(21) to PEA No. 45.

		(16)		Purchase Agreement dated February 17, 2006 for shares of the Emerging Markets Equity Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(22) to PEA No. 46.

		(17)		Purchase Agreement dated May 5, 2006 for shares of the Active M International Equity Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(23) to PEA No. 50.

		(18)		Purchase Agreement dated May 5, 2006 for shares of the Global Real Estate Index Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(24) to PEA No. 50.

		(19)		Purchase Agreement dated February 16, 2007 for shares of the Bond Index Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(25) to PEA No. 53.

		(20)		Purchase Agreement dated August 3, 2007 for shares of the Short-Intermediate Tax-Exempt Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(27) to PEA No. 58.

		(21)		Purchase Agreement dated November 2, 2007 for shares of the Global Sustainability Index Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(28) to PEA No. 59.

		(22)		Purchase Agreement dated November 17, 2008 for shares of the Active M Emerging Markets Equity Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(30) to PEA No. 63.

		(23)		Purchase Agreement dated November 17, 2008 for shares of the Multi-Manager Global Real Estate Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(31) to PEA No. 63.

		(24)		Purchase Agreement dated May 8, 2009 for shares of the Ultra-Short Fixed Income Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(32) to PEA No. 65.

		(25)		Purchase Agreement dated May 8, 2009 for shares of the Tax-Advantaged Ultra-Short Fixed Income Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(33) to PEA No. 65.

		(26)		Purchase Agreement dated August 29, 2009 for shares of the Multi-Manager High Yield Opportunity Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(34) to PEA No. 68.

		(27)		Purchase Agreement dated May 20, 2011 for shares of the Global Tactical Asset Allocation Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(38) to PEA No. 77.

		(28)		Purchase Agreement dated May 18, 2012 for shares of the Multi-Manager Global Listed Infrastructure Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(39) to PEA No. 86.

		(29)		Purchase Agreement dated August 9, 2012 for shares of the Core Bond Fund is filed as Exhibit (l)(32) to PEA No. 95.

		(30)		Purchase Agreement dated August 9, 2012 for shares of the Short Bond Fund is filed as Exhibit (l)(33) to PEA No. 95.

		(31)		Purchase Agreement dated August 9, 2012 for shares of the U.S. Treasury Index Fund is filed as Exhibit (l)(34) to PEA No. 95.

		(32)		Purchase Agreement dated October 15, 2013 for shares of the Multi-Manager Emerging Markets Debt Opportunity Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(39) to PEA No. 102.

		(33)		Purchase Agreement dated August 18, 2017 for shares of the U.S. Quality ESG Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(39) to PEA No. 132.


	(34)	Purchase Agreement dated November 17, 2017 for shares of the Northern Engage360^™ Fund filed as Exhibit (l)(36) to PEA No. 136.

m)		None.

n)		None.

o)		None.

p)	(1)	Amended Code of Ethics of the Trust revised on February 19, 2009 filed as Exhibit (p)(1) to PEA No. 65.

	(2)	Amended Code of Ethics of Northern Trust Investments, Inc. adopted February 1, 2005, as amended May 16, 2017 filed as Exhibit (p)(2) to PEA No. 139.

	(3)	Code of Ethics of Axiom International Investors LLC as updated August 2018 filed as Exhibit (p)(3) to PEA No. 152.

	(4)	Code of Ethics of Westwood Global Investments, LLC filed as Exhibit (p)(4) to PEA No. 152.

	(5)	Code of Ethics of PanAgora Asset Management, Inc., dated December 31, 2018 filed as Exhibit (p)(5) to PEA No. 152.

	(6)	Code of Ethics of Neuberger Berman Investment Advisers LLC dated January 2019 filed as Exhibit (p)(6) to PEA No. 152.

	(7)	Code of Ethics of Brookfield Public Securities Group LLC dated March 2019 filed as Exhibit (p)(7) to PEA No. 152.

	(8)	Code of Ethics of Massachusetts Financial Services Company dated February 1, 2019 filed as Exhibit (p)(8) to PEA No. 152.

	(9)	Code of Ethics of DDJ Capital Management LLC as updated August 25, 2015 filed as Exhibit (p)(9) to PEA No. 130.

	(10)	Code of Ethics of WCM Investment Management dated January 1, 2019 filed as Exhibit (p)(10) to PEA No. 152.

	(11)	Code of Ethics of Causeway Capital Management LLC revised June 3, 2019 filed as Exhibit (p)(11) to PEA No. 152.

	(12)	Code of Ethics of Victory Capital Management Inc. dated July 1, 2018 filed as Exhibit (p)(12) to PEA No. 152.

	(13)	Code of Ethics of Nomura Corporate Research and Asset Management Inc. dated January 31, 2018 filed as Exhibit (p)(16) to PEA No. 139.

	(14)	Code of Ethics of Ashmore Investment Management Limited revised November 2018 filed as Exhibit (p)(14) to PEA No. 152.

	(15)	Code of Ethics of Maple-Brown Abbott Limited dated June 20, 2018 filed as Exhibit (p)(15) to PEA No. 152.

	(16)	Code of Ethics of Ariel Investments, LLC as amended December 31, 2018 filed as Exhibit (p)(16) to PEA No. 152.

	(17)	Code of Ethics of Aristotle Capital Management dated July 31, 2018 filed as Exhibit (p)(17) to PEA No. 152.

	(18)	Code of Ethics of Segall Bryant & Hamill, LLC dated October 1, 2018 filed as Exhibit (p)(18) to PEA No. 152.

	(19)	Code of Ethics of EARNEST Partners revised July 10, 2018 filed as Exhibit (p)(19) to PEA No. 152.

	(20)	Code of Ethics of Strategic Global Advisors, LLC as revised April 12, 2018 filed as Exhibit (p)(24) to PEA No. 139.

	(21)	Code of Ethics of Brandes Investment Partners, L.P. as amended March 29, 2018 filed as Exhibit (p)(25) to PEA No. 139.

	(22)	Code of Ethics of Global Evolution USA, LLC dated September 2018 filed as Exhibit (p)(22) to PEA No. 152.

	(23)	Code of Ethics of Wellington Management Company LLP dated April 30, 2017 filed as Exhibit (p)(27) to PEA No. 139.

	(24)	Code of Ethics of Lazard Asset Management LLC filed as Exhibit (p)(24) to PEA No. 152.

	(25)	Code of Ethics of Mar Vista Investment Partners, LLC dated April 15, 2019 filed as Exhibit (p)(25) to PEA No. 152.

	(26)	Code of Ethics of ARK Investment Management, LLC amended January 25, 2019 filed as Exhibit (p)(26) to PEA No. 152.

(q)		Powers of Attorney dated February 14, 2019 for Northern Funds filed as Exhibit (q) to PEA No. 152.

*	Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

ITEM 29.

PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH THE REGISTRANT

Northern Funds (the “Registrant”) is controlled by its Board of Trustees. As of the date of this Registration Statement, Northern Institutional Funds, a Delaware statutory trust, is under common control with the Registrant.

ITEM 30.

INDEMNIFICATION

Section 3 of Article IV of the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated February 7, 2000, as amended, provides for indemnification of the Registrant’s officers and Trustees under certain circumstances. A copy of such Agreement and Declaration of Trust was filed as Exhibit (a)(19) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 30/31 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A and is incorporated herein by reference.

Section 11 of the Registrant’s Management Agreement between the Registrant and Northern Trust Investments, Inc., the investment adviser for each series of the Registrant (the “Investment Adviser” or “NTI”), provide for indemnification of the Investment Adviser or, in lieu thereof, contribution by Registrant, in connection with certain claims and liabilities relating to advisory and administration services to which the Investment Adviser may be subject. Copies of the Management Agreements were filed as Exhibits (d)(1) and (d)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A and are incorporated herein by reference.

Section 3 of the Distribution Agreement dated May 31, 2017 between the Registrant and Northern Funds Distributors, LLC (“NFD”) provides that the Registrant will indemnify NFD against certain liabilities relating to untrue statements, or alleged untrue statements, or omissions of material fact except those resulting from the reliance on information furnished to the Registrant by NFD, or those resulting from the willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence of NFD, or NFD’s breach of confidentiality. Section 3 of the Distribution Agreement also provides that NFD will indemnify the Trustees and officers of the Registrant against certain liabilities relating to untrue statements or omissions of material fact resulting from the reliance on information furnished to the Registrant by NFD, and those liabilities resulting from NFD’s willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence or reckless disregard of its duties and obligations under the Distribution Agreement, or NFD’s breach of its confidentiality obligations under the Distribution Agreement. A copy of the Distribution Agreement was filed as Exhibit (e)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 130 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A and is incorporated herein by reference.

A mutual fund trustee and officer liability policy purchased by the Registrant insures the Registrant and its Trustees and officers, subject to the policy’s coverage limits and exclusions and varying deductibles, against loss resulting from claims by reason of any act, error, omission, misstatement, misleading statement, neglect or breach of duty.

ITEM 31.

BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF THE INVESTMENT ADVISER

NTI is an indirect subsidiary of Northern Trust Corporation. NTI is an Illinois State Banking Corporation and an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. It primarily manages assets for institutional and individual separately managed accounts, investment companies and bank common and collective funds. Northern Trust Corporation is regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as a financial holding company under the U.S. Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. NTI is located at 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603.

Set forth below is a list of officers and directors of NTI and the Sub-Advisers of the Multi-Manager Funds, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years. The tables below were provided to the Registrant by the Investment Adviser and Sub-Advisers for inclusion in the Trust’s Registration Statement. The information for the Sub-Advisers is as of November 27, 2019.


Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI)	Name of Other Company	Position with Other Company
Abunassar, John Director and Senior Vice President

Bartholomew, Richard Executive Vice President and Chief Risk Officer

Browne, Robert P. Director, Executive Vice President, Chief Investment Officer and Senior Trust Officer	50 South Capital Advisors, LLC	Chief Investment Officer

Carberry, Craig R. Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary	The Northern Trust Company 50 South Capital Advisors, LLC FlexShares Trust Northern Institutional Funds Northern Funds	Associate General Counsel and Senior Vice President Secretary Chief Legal Officer Chief Legal Officer Chief Legal Officer

Carlson, Christopher W. Director, Executive Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer and Cashier

Chappell, Darlene Vice President and Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer	50 South Capital Advisors, LLC FlexShares Trust Northern Institutional Funds Northern Funds	AML Compliance Officer AML Compliance Officer AML Compliance Officer AML Compliance Officer

Del Real, Jose J. Senior Vice President, Senior Legal Counsel and Assistant Secretary	The Northern Trust Company FlexShares Trust Northern Institutional Funds Northern Funds	Senior Legal Counsel and Senior Vice President Secretary Secretary Secretary

Ewing, Peter K. Director and Senior Vice President	The Northern Trust Company FlexShares Trust Northern Institutional Funds Northern Funds	Senior Vice President President and Principal Executive Officer President and Principal Executive Officer President and Principal Executive Officer

Hawkins, Sheri B. Director and Senior Vice President

Teufel, Maya G. Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer	FlexShares Trust	Chief Compliance Officer

Thomas, Shundrawn A. Director, President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman	The Northern Trust Company	Executive Vice President

Wickert, Ryan M. Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Wojnar, Darek Director and Executive Vice President	FlexShares Trust Northern Institutional Funds Northern Funds	Trustee Trustee Trustee

Ariel Investments, LLC (“Ariel”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Northern Engage360^™ Fund. Ariel is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
Ariel		801-18767

Aristotle Capital Management, LLC (“Aristotle Capital”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Northern Engage360^™ Fund. Aristotle Capital is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
Aristotle Capital		801-60014

ARK Investment Management, LLC (“ARK”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Northern Engage360^™ Fund. ARK is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
ARK		801-79081

Ashmore Investment Management Limited (“Ashmore”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Emerging Markets Debt Opportunity Fund. Ashmore is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
Ashmore		801-55109

Axiom International Investors, LLC (“Axiom”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Active M Emerging Markets Equity Fund. Axiom is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
Axiom		801-56651

Brandes Investment Partners, LP. (“Brandes”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Active M International Equity Fund. Brandes is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
Brandes		801-24896

Brookfield Public Securities Group LLC (“Brookfield PS”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Global Real Estate Fund. BIM is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
Brookfield PS		801-34605

Causeway Capital Management LLC (“Causeway”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Active M International Equity Fund. Causeway is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
Causeway		801-60343

DDJ Capital Management, LLC (“DDJ”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager High Yield Opportunity Fund. DDJ is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
DDJ		801-55001

EARNEST Partners, LLC (“EARNEST Partners”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Northern Engage360^™ Fund. EARNEST Partners is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
EARNEST Partners		801-56189

Global Evolution USA, LLC (“Global Evolution”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Emerging Markets Debt Opportunity Fund. Global Evolution is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
Global Evolution		801-78371

Lazard Asset Management LLC (“Lazard”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Global Listed Infrastructure Fund. Lazard is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
Lazard		801-61701

Maple-Brown Abbott Limited (“MBA”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Global Listed Infrastructure Fund. MBA is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
MBA		801-96184

Mar Vista Investment Partners, LLC (“Mar Vista”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Northern Engage360^™ Fund. Mar Vista is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
Mar Vista		801-68369

Massachusetts Financial Services Company (“MFS”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager Global Real Estate Fund. MFS is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
MFS		801-17352

Neuberger Berman Investment Advisers LLC (“NBIA”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager High Yield Opportunity Fund. NBIA is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
NBIA		801-61757

Nomura Corporate Research and Asset Management Inc. (“Nomura”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Multi-Manager High Yield Opportunity Fund. Nomura is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
Nomura		801-38965

PanAgora Asset Management, Inc. (“PanAgora”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Active M Emerging Markets Equity Fund. PanAgora is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
PanAgora		801-35497

Segall Bryant & Hamill, LLC (“SBH”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Northern Engage360^™ Fund. SBH is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
SBH		801-47232

Strategic Global Advisors, LLC (“SGA”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Northern Engage360^™ Fund. SGA is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
SGA		801-108843

Victory Capital Management Inc. (“Victory Capital”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Active M International Equity Fund. Victory Capital is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
Victory Capital		801-46878

WCM Investment Management (“WCM”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Active M International Equity Fund. WCM is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
WCM		801-11916

Wellington Management Company LLP (“Wellington”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Active M International Equity Fund. Wellington is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
Wellington		801-15908

Westwood Global Investments LLC (“Westwood”) is a sub-adviser for the Registrant’s Active M Emerging Markets Equity Fund. Westwood is an investment adviser registered under the Advisers Act. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADV and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-adviser and other required information:


SUB-ADVISER		FILE-NO.
Westwood		801-61776

ITEM 32.

PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITERS

(a)

Northern Funds Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”) serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, as of November 27, 2019:

Northern Funds

Northern Institutional Funds

(b)

The following are the Officers and Managers of the Distributor, the Registrant’s underwriter, none of whom serves as an officer of the Registrant. The Distributor’s main business address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101.


Name	Address	Position(s) with Distributor	Position(s) with Registrant
Richard J. Berthy	Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 Portland, ME 04101	President, Treasurer and Manager	None
Mark A. Fairbanks	Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 Portland, ME 04101	Vice President	None
Jennifer E. Hoopes	Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 Portland, ME 04101	Secretary	None
Nanette K. Chern	Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 Portland, ME 04101	Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer	None
Jennifer K. DiValerio	899 Cassatt Road 400 Berwyn Park, Suite 110 Berwyn, PA 19312	Vice President	None

(c)

Not applicable.

ITEM 33.

LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS

The Agreement and Declaration of Trust, By-Laws and minute books of the Registrant and all other accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained under Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the Rules promulgated thereunder are in the physical possession of The Northern Trust Company and NTI, each located at 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603. Records for Northern Funds Distributors, LLC, the distributor, are located at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101.

ITEM 34.

MANAGEMENT SERVICES

Not Applicable.

ITEM 35.

UNDERTAKINGS

Not Applicable.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 154 to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Chicago and State of Illinois on the 27th day of November, 2019.


NORTHERN FUNDS

By:		/s/ Peter K. Ewing
		Peter K. Ewing
		President

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act this Post-Effective Amendment No. 154 to Registrant’s Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.


Name	Title	Date

/s/ Peter K. Ewing	President (Principal Executive Officer)	November 27, 2019
Peter K. Ewing
/s/ Randal E. Rein	Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)	November 27, 2019
Randal E. Rein
/s/ Therese M. Bobek	Trustee	November 27, 2019
Therese M. Bobek
/s/ Mark G. Doll	Trustee	November 27, 2019
Mark G. Doll
/s/ Sandra Polk Guthman	Trustee	November 27, 2019
Sandra Polk Guthman
/s/ Thomas A. Kloet	Trustee	November 27, 2019
Thomas A. Kloet
/s/ David R. Martin	Trustee	November 27, 2019
David R. Martin
/s/ Cynthia R. Plouché	Trustee	November 27, 2019
Cynthia R. Plouché
/s/ Mary Jacobs Skinner	Trustee	November 27, 2019
Mary Jacobs Skinner
/s/ Ingrid LaMae A. De Jongh	Trustee	November 27, 2019
Ingrid LaMae A. De Jongh
/s/ Darek Wojnar	Trustee	November 27, 2019
Darek Wojnar

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit No.		Description

(g)(2)		Amended and Restated Schedule A to the Custody Agreement between Northern Funds and The Northern Trust Company dated August 22, 2019.

(g)(4)		Amendment to the Custody Agreement between Northern Funds and The Northern Trust Company.

(h)(4)		Amendment to the Transfer Agency and Services Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company.

(i)		Opinion and Consent of Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP dated November 27, 2019.

(j)		Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP dated November 27, 2019.