485APOS 1 f15-0642.htm 485APOS FILING

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 18, 2015
1933 Act Registration File No. 033-68666
1940 Act File No. 811-08004

 

 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

_____________________

 

FORM N-1A

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 ý

 

Pre-Effective Amendment No. __ ¨

 

Post-Effective Amendment No. 165 ý

 

and

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940

 

Amendment No. 167 ý

_____________________

 

ASTON FUNDS
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

120 North LaSalle Street
Chicago, Illinois 60602
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code: (312) 268-1400

 

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

Stuart D. Bilton,
Chief Executive Officer and President

Aston Funds

120 North LaSalle Street

Chicago, Illinois 60602

 

Copy to:

Deborah B. Eades

Vedder Price P.C.

222 North LaSalle Street

Chicago, Illinois 60601

_____________________

 

It is proposed that this filing will become effective:

 

¨immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
¨on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b)
¨60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
¨on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
ý75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
¨on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of rule 485.

 

If appropriate, check the following box:

 

¨this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

 

 

  

 

 

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted. 

 

(ASTON FUNDS LOGO)  

  

Aston Funds

 

ASTON/River Road Focused Absolute Value Fund

  

Prospectus

 

_____ __, 2015

 

A diversified, actively managed fund family with a process-driven approach to investing. 

         
    Ticker Symbols
         
    Class N   Class I
ASTON/River Road Focused Absolute Value Fund   _____   _____

  

Not FDIC Insured. No Bank Guarantee. May Lose Value. 

 

The Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these or any mutual fund’s shares or determined if this prospectus is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a crime.

 

 
 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
     
    Page
     
ASTON/River Road Focused Absolute Value Fund   2
     
Additional Information Regarding Investment Strategies   6
     
Portfolio Holdings   8
     
Investment Terms   9
     
Management of the Fund   11
     
Investment Adviser   11
Subadviser   11
Portfolio Managers   11
Related Performance   12
     
Shareholder Information   13
     
Opening an Account   13
Exchanging Shares   15
Selling/Redeeming Shares   16
Transaction Policies   19
Account Policies and Dividends   20
Additional Investor Services   21
Distribution and Services Plan 12b-1 Fees   21
Payments to Intermediaries   21
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage Commissions   22
     
Dividends, Distributions and Taxes   23
     
Financial Highlights   25
     
General Information   26

 

 
 

 

 

ASTON/River Road Focused Absolute Value Fund

 

INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE 

The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation. 

 

FEES AND EXPENSES  

The tables below describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. 

 

ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES 

(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

           
    Class N Shares     Class I Shares    
Management Fees     0.80 %     0.80 %  
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees     0.25 %     None    
Other Expenses(a)     3.29 %     3.29 %  
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(a)     0.01 %     0.01 %  
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses     4.35 %     4.10 %  
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement(b)     (3.09 )%     (3.09 )%  
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement(b)     1.26 %     1.01 %  

(a)The average expense ratios of other expenses and acquired fund fees and expenses in the table are estimates for the current fiscal year.

(b)The investment adviser is contractually obligated to waive management fees and/or reimburse ordinary operating expenses, not including investment-related costs (such as brokerage commissions), interest, taxes, extraordinary expenses and acquired fund fees and expenses, through February 28, 2017, to the extent that operating expenses exceed 1.25% of the Fund’s average daily net assets with respect to Class N shares and 1.00% of the Fund’s average daily net assets with respect to Class I shares (the “Operating Expense Limit”). Prior to February 28, 2017, the arrangement may be amended or terminated for a class only by a vote of the Board of Trustees of Aston Funds. For a period of up to three years from the end of the fiscal year during which fees were waived or expenses were reimbursed, the investment adviser is entitled to be reimbursed by the Fund for such fees waived and expenses reimbursed from the commencement of operations through the completion of the first three full fiscal years to the extent that the Fund’s total annual operating expenses for a class, not including investment-related costs (such as brokerage commissions), interest, taxes, extraordinary expenses and acquired fund fees and expenses, remains at or below the Operating Expense Limit after such reimbursement.

 

Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example shows the operating expenses you would incur as a shareholder if you invested $10,000 in the Fund over the time periods shown and you redeem all your shares at the end of those periods. The example assumes that the average annual return was 5%, operating expenses remained the same and expenses were capped for one year in each period.

 

Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on the above assumptions, your costs would be: 

                       
    1 Year   3 Years  
Class N Shares     $ 128       $ 1,037    
Class I Shares       103         963    

  

PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual Fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not available. 

 

PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

 

Under normal conditions, the Fund principally invests in a portfolio of equity securities of U.S. and non-U.S. companies of all market capitalizations. In pursuing its investment strategy, the Fund will primarily invest in common stocks, real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) and publicly traded partnerships (“PTPs”), including, but not limited to, master limited partnerships (“MLPs”). The Fund may invest in non-U.S. companies through depositary receipts or by directly investing in securities listed on foreign exchanges. The Fund’s investments in non-U.S. companies may include those that are organized in or have material business interests tied to emerging market countries. The Fund may also invest in other investment companies, including open-end funds, closed-end funds and exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”). 

 

The subadviser’s investment philosophy is based upon its proprietary Absolute Value® approach, which seeks to provide attractive, sustainable, low volatility returns over the long term,

 

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while minimizing downside portfolio risk. The subadviser uses systematic and dynamic proprietary research to analyze companies based on the following critical investment criteria:

 

Security price that is at a discount to valuation as determined by the subadviser’s unique and proprietary Absolute Value® valuation methodology

Attractive business model

Shareholder-oriented management

Financial strength

Undiscovered, underfollowed or misunderstood companies

 

In managing the Fund, the subadviser employs a concentrated, all-cap strategy comprised of the subadviser’s “best ideas” across all of its core strategies. These “best ideas” are the result of the subadviser’s risk/reward assessment, which is based on the subadviser’s conviction about a company and opinion about the company’s discount to valuation. 

 

To manage risk, the subadviser employs a structured sell discipline. 

 

The subadviser’s investment strategy is highly opportunistic and may result in high portfolio turnover. 

 

The Fund is classified as non-diversified. Under normal conditions, the subadviser expects that the Fund will invest in the securities of a limited number of issuers. 

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS
You could lose money by investing in the Fund. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s investment objective will be achieved. The following is a summary of the principal risks of investing in the Fund.

 

Convertible Securities Risk. Convertible preferred stocks, which are convertible into shares of the issuer’s common stock and pay regular dividends, and convertible bonds, which are convertible into shares of the issuer’s common stock and bear interest, are subject to the risks of equity securities and fixed income securities. The lower the conversion premium, the more likely the price of the convertible security will follow the price of the underlying common stock. Conversely, higher premium convertible securities are more likely to exhibit the behavior of bonds because the likelihood of conversion is lower, which may cause their prices to fall as interest rates rise.

 

The value of a convertible security is also affected by the credit quality of the issuer and any call provisions. There is the risk that the issuer of convertible preferred stock will not be able to make dividend payments or that the issuer of a convertible bond will not be able to make principal and/or interest payments.

 

Emerging Market Securities Risk. In addition to general foreign securities risks described below, investing in emerging market countries is subject to a number of risks, including: 

•           Economic structures that are less diverse and mature than those of developed countries 

•           Less stable political systems and less developed legal systems 

•           National policies that may restrict foreign investment 

•           Wide fluctuations in the value of investments, possibly as a result of significant currency exchange rate fluctuations 

•           Smaller securities markets making investments less liquid 

•           Special custody arrangements 

 

Foreign Securities Risk. Investing in the securities of foreign issuers involves special risks and considerations in addition to those typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. These risks are heightened for issuers located in emerging markets. The securities of foreign companies may be less liquid and their prices may fluctuate more widely than those traded in U.S. markets. Foreign companies and markets may also have less governmental supervision. There may be difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations against, and little public information about, the companies. Trades typically take more time to settle and clear, and the costs of buying and selling foreign securities are generally higher than the costs associated with buying and selling securities traded in U.S. markets.

 

The values of the foreign securities held by the Fund may be affected by changes in currency exchange rates or control regulations. If a local currency gains against the U.S. dollar, the value of a holding denominated in that currency increases in U.S. dollar terms. If a local currency declines against the U.S. dollar, the value of the holding decreases in U.S. dollar terms. Changes in economic, tax or foreign investment policies, or other political, governmental or economic actions, can adversely affect the value of the foreign securities held by the Fund. In foreign countries, accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and other regulatory practices and requirements are generally different from those required for U.S. companies. Investments in securities of foreign issuers may also be subject to foreign withholding and other taxes.

 

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Investment Company Risk. The Fund may invest in securities of other investment companies, including ETFs, open-end funds and closed-end funds. The risks of investing in other investment companies typically reflect the risks of the types of securities in which those investment companies invest. Investments in ETFs and closed-end funds are subject to the additional risk that shares of the fund may trade at a premium or discount to their net asset value per share. When the Fund invests in another investment company, shareholders of the Fund bear their proportionate share of the other investment company’s fees and expenses as well as their share of the Fund’s fees and expenses.

 

Liquidity Risk. When there is no willing buyer and a security cannot be readily sold at the desired time or price, the Fund may need to accept a lower price or may not be able to sell the security at all. An inability to sell securities, at the Fund’s desired price or at all, can adversely affect the Fund’s value or prevent the Fund from being able to take advantage of other investment opportunities. Less liquid securities are more difficult to dispose of at their recorded values and are subject to wider bid-ask spreads and volatility.

 

Manager Risk. The performance of the Fund is dependent upon the investment adviser’s skill in selecting managers and the subadviser’s skill in making appropriate investments. As a result, the Fund may underperform its benchmark or its peers.

 

Market Risk. The Fund’s share price can move down in response to stock market conditions, changes in the economy or changes in a particular company’s stock price. An individual stock may decline in value even when the value of stocks in general is rising.

 

New Fund Risk. The Fund is newly formed and does not have an operating history. If the Fund does not grow to a viable size due to market factors, performance or the inability to attract assets, the Fund may be liquidated at any time without shareholder approval and at a time that may not be favorable for all shareholders. Such liquidation could have negative tax consequences for shareholders.

 

Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund may invest a larger percentage of its assets in a given security than a diversified fund. As a result, it may be more susceptible to a single adverse economic, political or regulatory occurrence affecting one or more issuers and may experience increased volatility due to its concentrated investments in those securities.

 

Portfolio Turnover Risk. Frequent trading of the Fund’s portfolio holdings may result in a higher than average level of capital gains, including short-term capital gains, and will result in greater transaction costs to the Fund. To the extent distributions to shareholders are made from net short-term capital gains (i.e., net capital gain on securities held or treated as held by the Fund for one year or less minus any net capital losses on securities held or treated as held by the Fund for more than one year), the distributions will be taxed at ordinary income rates for federal income tax purposes, rather than at the lower long-term capital gains rates. Greater transaction costs and higher expenses as a result of portfolio turnover can negatively impact the Fund’s performance.

 

PTP Risk. Investing in PTPs (including MLPs) involves special risks in addition to those typically associated with publicly traded companies. PTPs are exposed to the risks of their underlying assets, which in many cases includes the same types of risks as energy and natural resources companies, such as commodity pricing risk, supply and demand risk and depletion and exploration risk. PTPs are also subject to capital markets risk, which is the risk that they are unable to raise capital to execute their growth strategies. PTPs are also subject to tax risk, which is the risk that PTPs may lose their partnership status for tax purposes.

 

REIT Risk. Securities of REITs may be affected by changes in the values of their underlying properties. REITs depend generally on their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions to shareholders or unitholders, which may be subject to defaults by borrowers and self-liquidations. Some REITs may have limited diversification and may be subject to risks inherent in investments in a limited number of properties, in a narrow geographic area, or in a single property type. Real estate prices are also affected by general economic conditions. When growth is slowing, demand for property decreases and prices and rents may decline. High or rising interest rates, which result in high or rising mortgage and financing costs, may restrain buying and selling activity, reducing the appeal of real estate investments. Distributions from REITs generally are taxed as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes.

 

Small-Cap and Mid-Cap Company Risk. Investing in securities of small-cap and mid-cap companies may involve greater risks than investing in securities of larger, more established companies. Small-cap and mid-cap companies generally have limited product lines, markets, and financial resources. Their securities may trade less frequently and in more limited volumes than the securities of larger, more established companies. Also, small-cap and mid-cap companies are typically subject to greater changes in earnings and business prospects than larger companies. As a result, their stock prices may experience greater volatility and may decline more than those of large-cap companies in market downturns.

 

Value Style Risk. Value investing involves buying stocks that the subadviser believes are out of favor and/or undervalued in comparison to their peers or their prospects for growth. Typically, the valuation levels of value stocks are less than those of growth stocks. Because different types of stocks go in and out of favor with prevailing market and economic conditions, the Fund’s performance may be adversely affected when value stocks underperform. 

 

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FUND PERFORMANCE
The Fund is newly organized and does not have a full calendar year of operations. Performance information will be included in the Fund’s next annual or semi-annual shareholder report. 

 

MANAGEMENT
Aston Asset Management, LLC serves as the investment adviser to the Fund. River Road Asset Management, LLC (“River Road”) serves as the subadviser to the Fund.

 

Mr. R. Andrew Beck, Chief Executive Officer and President of River Road, and Mr. Thomas S. Forsha, CFA, Co-Chief Investment Officer of River Road, serve as Portfolio Managers of the Fund. 

 

PURCHASE AND SALE OF FUND SHARES
Shares of the Fund may be purchased, exchanged, or redeemed on any business day by written request (Aston Funds, P.O. Box 9765, Providence, Rhode Island 02940), wire transfer, online access (www.astonfunds.com), or by telephone (800-992-8151). Investors who wish to purchase, exchange or redeem Fund shares through a broker-dealer should contact the broker-dealer directly. 

                   
Class and Account Type   Minimum Initial
Investment
  Subsequent
Investments
 
Class N—Regular Accounts     $ 2,500     $ 50  
Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs)     $ 500     $ 50  
Education Savings Accounts (ESAs)     $ 500     $ 50  
Custodial Accounts for Minors (UGMA/UTMA)     $ 500     $ 50  
Class I—Institutional Accounts     $ 100,000     $ 50  

 

TAX INFORMATION
The Fund’s distributions are generally taxable as ordinary income or capital gains for federal income tax purposes, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred account such as a 401(k) or individual retirement account. Distributions on investments made through tax-deferred vehicles, such as 401(k) plans or IRAs, may be taxed later upon withdrawal of assets from those plans or accounts. 

 

PAYMENTS TO BROKER-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

 

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Additional Information Regarding Investment Strategies

 

The Fund generally intends to purchase securities for long-term investment. However, the Fund may at times purchase securities in anticipation of relatively short-term gains. The Fund may trim its position in a security or eliminate a security from its portfolio for various reasons, including in connection with the Fund’s liquidity requirements, as a result of the security having reached a target price ratio or yield objective determined by the Fund’s subadviser, the subadviser’s loss of confidence in the company’s management, the subadviser’s belief that another security offers a better opportunity, or by reason of an unforeseen economic or other development. The Fund may also sell a security and simultaneously purchase the same or a comparable security to take advantage of short-term differentials in securities prices.

 

In addition to the principal investment strategies described in the Fund’s Summary, there may be times when the Fund uses secondary investment strategies in seeking to achieve its investment objective.

 

Information regarding such secondary strategies, as well as additional information regarding certain principal strategies, is shown below. 

 

Convertible Securities  

Convertible securities are fixed income or equity securities that pay interest or dividends, respectively, and that may be exchanged on certain terms into common stock of the issuer. 

 

Because of the conversion feature, the market value of convertible securities tends to move together with the market value of the underlying common stock. The value of convertible securities is also affected by prevailing interest rates, the credit quality of the issuer and any call provisions. There is the risk that the issuer of convertible preferred stock will not be able to make dividend payments or that the issuer of a convertible bond will not be able to make principal and/or interest payments, as well as the risk that the holder of the security may not take advantage of the convertible features in the appropriate time frame.

 

Defensive Strategy
There may be times when the Fund takes temporary positions that may not follow its principal investment strategies for defensive reasons or when a Fund may hold relatively high positions of short-term investment as a residual of the investment process. This includes investing all or a portion of its total assets in cash or cash equivalents, such as money market securities and repurchase agreements. Although the Fund would do this in seeking to avoid losses, following a defensive strategy could reduce the benefit from any market upswing and impair the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objective.

 

Depositary Receipts of Foreign Securities
Depositary receipts represent ownership of securities in foreign companies and are held in banks and trust companies. They can include American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), which are traded on U.S. exchanges and are U.S. dollar-denominated, European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”), which are traded on European exchanges and may not be denominated in the same currency as the security they represent, and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”), which are issued globally and evidence a similar ownership arrangement.

 

Although ADRs, EDRs and GDRs do not eliminate the risks inherent in investing in the securities of foreign issuers, which include market, political, currency and regulatory risk, by investing in ADRs, EDRs or GDRs rather than directly in securities of foreign issuers, the Fund may avoid currency risks during the settlement period for purchases or sales. In general, there is a large, liquid market in the United States for many ADRs. The information available for ADRs is subject to the accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards of the domestic market or exchange on which they are traded, in which standards are more uniform and more exacting than those to which many foreign issuers may be subject. The Fund may invest in ADRs sponsored or unsponsored by the issuer of the underlying security. In the case of an unsponsored ADR, the Fund may bear higher expenses and encounter greater difficulty in receiving shareholder communications than it would have with a sponsored ADR.

 

Emerging Market Securities 

Emerging market securities are securities issued by corporations, governments and other issuers located in emerging markets, which are countries whose economies and securities markets are considered by the World Bank to be emerging or developing. Emerging market countries may be located in such regions as Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, Southern Europe, Eastern Europe and Africa. Emerging market securities are subject to a number of risks in addition to general foreign securities risks.

 

Equity Securities
Equity securities represent a share of an issuer’s earnings and assets, after the issuer pays its liabilities. The Fund cannot predict the income it will receive from equity securities because issuers generally have discretion as to the payment of any dividends or distributions. However, equity securities offer greater potential for appreciation than many other types of securities because their values may increase with the value of the issuer’s business. Types of equity securities include common stocks,

 

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preferred stocks, convertible preferred stocks, warrants and rights, and other securities that represent underlying local shares, such as depositary receipts.

 

Foreign Securities
Foreign securities are securities issued by corporations, governments and other issuers located outside the United States. Foreign securities are subject to risks in addition to the risks associated with securities with comparable terms of issuers located in the United States.

 

Other Investment Companies 

The Fund may invest in securities of other investment companies, including ETFs, open-end funds and closed-end funds. An ETF is an investment company, shares of which are traded on a securities exchange. Shares of an ETF may also be purchased and redeemed directly from the ETF under certain circumstances. Typically, an ETF seeks to track the performance of an index by holding in its portfolio shares of all the companies, or a representative sample of the companies, that are components of a particular index; however, some ETFs are actively managed. Closed-end funds are investment companies that typically issue a fixed number of shares that trade on a securities exchange or over-the-counter. Shares of a closed-end fund may not be purchased or redeemed directly from the fund. The risks of investment in other investment companies typically reflect the risk of the types of securities in which the funds invest. Investments in ETFs and closed-end funds are subject to the additional risk that shares of the fund may trade at a premium or discount to their net asset value per share. When the Fund invests in another investment company, shareholders of the Fund bear their proportionate share of the other investment company’s fees and expenses as well as their share of the Fund’s fees and expenses.

 

Preferred Stocks
Preferred stocks are stocks that typically pay dividends at a specified rate. Dividends are paid on preferred stocks before they are paid on common stocks. In addition, preferred stockholders have priority over common stockholders as to the proceeds from the liquidation of a company’s assets, but are subordinate to the other claims of all creditors.

 

PTPs  

PTPs include master limited partnerships and certain other partnerships that meet conditions contained in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). In order to be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, a PTP must generally derive a substantial amount of its income and gains from certain sources, including from the exploration, development, mining or production, processing, refining, transportation or marketing of minerals or natural resources. Other PTPs may be treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes if certain other limited exceptions under the Code apply. PTPs are typically organized as either limited partnerships or limited liability companies and are listed and traded on a U.S. securities exchange.

 

REITs
REITs are generally publicly traded pooled investment vehicles that invest all or a portion of their assets in real estate or in mortgages and loans collateralized by real estate. Equity REITs invest primarily in office buildings, apartment complexes, industrial facilities, shopping centers and other types of real estate that produce income from rentals. Mortgage REITs invest primarily in mortgages and derive their income from interest payments. REITs usually specialize in a particular type of property and may concentrate their investments in particular geographical areas. REITs issue stocks and most REIT stocks trade on the major stock exchanges or over-the-counter.

 

Royalty Income Trusts
Royalty income trusts are entities that typically passively manage royalties and net working interests in oil-, gas- or mineral-producing properties and rely on outside drilling or mining companies to extract the resources. Royalty income trusts can be organized in a variety of ways in the United States, Canada and other countries. Beneficial units in royalty income trusts generally represent interests in profits derived from the production of oil, gas or other minerals on the relevant properties. Royalty income trusts generally do not guarantee minimum distributions or return of capital.

 

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Portfolio Holdings

 

A description of the policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) and on our website at www.astonfunds.com.

 

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Investment Terms

 

The following is a list of terms with definitions that you may find helpful as you read this prospectus.

 

American Depositary Receipts (ADRs). ADRs represent ownership of securities in foreign stock and are issued by U.S. banks and trust companies. ADRs are denominated in U.S. dollars and are traded on U.S. exchanges.

 

Bottom-Up Analysis. Bottom-up analysis is an investment approach in which securities are researched and chosen on their individual characteristics with less consideration given to economic or market cycles.

 

Closed-End Fund. A closed-end fund is a registered investment company that typically issues a fixed number of shares that trade on a securities exchange or over-the-counter.

 

Diversification. Diversification is the practice of investing in a broad range of securities in an effort to reduce risk.

 

Emerging Markets. Emerging markets are countries whose economies and securities markets are considered by the World Bank to be emerging or developing. Emerging market countries may be located in such regions as Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, Southern Europe, Eastern Europe and Africa.

 

Equity Securities. Equity securities are ownership interests in corporations and other entities, such as common stocks, preferred stocks (including convertible preferred stocks), warrants and rights and other securities that represent underlying local shares, such as depositary receipts.

 

Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF). An ETF is an investment company, shares of which are traded on an exchange. Typically, an ETF seeks to track the performance of an index by holding in its portfolio all of the securities, or a representative sample of the securities, that are components of a particular index; however, some ETFs are actively managed.

 

European Depositary Receipts (EDRs). EDRs represent ownership of securities in foreign stock, are issued by a foreign bank and are traded on European exchanges. EDRs are generally denominated in foreign currencies and may not be denominated in the same currency as the securities they represent. Generally, EDRs are designed for use in the foreign securities markets.

 

Expense Ratio. A fund’s expense ratio is its cost of doing business, expressed as a percentage of its net assets and disclosed in a prospectus.

 

Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs). GDRs represent ownership of securities in foreign stock and are issued by a foreign bank. GDRs are generally denominated in foreign currencies and may not be denominated in the same currency as the securities they represent. Generally, GDRs are designed for use in the foreign securities markets.

 

Investment Objective. A fund’s investment objective is the goal that an investor and a mutual fund seek together. Examples include current income, total return, long-term capital growth, etc.

 

Issuer. An issuer is a company, municipality or government agency that issues a security, such as a stock, bond or money market security.

 

Large-Cap Stocks. Large-cap stocks are stocks issued by large companies. A large-cap company may be defined as one having a market capitalization, at the time of acquisition, within the range of market capitalizations of companies constituting the Russell 1000 Index. Typically, large-cap companies are established, well-known companies; some may be multinationals.

 

Limited Partnerships. A limited partnership is a business organization with one or more general partners who manage the business and are personally liable for the partnership’s debts, and one or more limited partners who are liable only to the extent of their investment in the partnership.

 

Management Fee. The management fee is the amount that a mutual fund pays to the investment adviser for its services.

 

Market Capitalization. Market capitalization is the value of a corporation or other entity as determined by the market price of its securities.

 

Mid-Cap Stocks. Mid-cap stocks are stocks issued by mid-sized companies. A mid-cap company may be defined as one having a market capitalization, at the time of acquisition, within the range of market capitalizations of companies constituting the Russell Midcap Index.

 

Mutual Fund. A mutual fund is an investment company that stands ready to buy back its shares at their current net asset value. Most mutual funds continuously offer new shares to investors.

 

Net Asset Value (NAV). The NAV is the per share value of a mutual fund, found by subtracting the fund’s liabilities from its assets and dividing by the number of shares outstanding. Mutual funds calculate their NAVs at least once a day.

 

Publicly Traded Partnerships (PTPs). PTPs are limited partnerships that have interests traded in the public equity securities market.

 

Prospectus  |  9

 
 

 

Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). REITs are pooled investment vehicles that typically invest directly in real estate, in mortgages and loans collateralized by real estate, or in a combination of the two.

 

Royalty Income Trusts. Royalty income trusts are trusts whose securities are listed on a securities exchange, generally in Canada or the United States, and that typically passively manage royalties and net working interests in oil-, gas- or mineral-producing properties and rely on outside drilling or mining companies to extract the resources. Royalty income trusts generally pay out to unit holders the majority of the cash flow that they receive from the production and sale of underlying oil, gas or mineral reserves. The amount of distributions paid on royalty income trust units will vary from time based on production levels, commodity prices, royalty rates and certain expenses, deductions and costs, as well as on the distribution payouts ratio policies adopted.

 

Small-Cap Stocks. Small-cap stocks are stocks issued by smaller companies. A small-cap company may be defined as one having a market capitalization, at the time of acquisition, within the range of market capitalizations of companies constituting the Russell 2000 Index.

 

Total Return. Total return is a measure of a fund’s performance that encompasses all elements of return: dividends, capital gains distributions and changes in net asset value. Total return is the change in value of an investment over a given period, assuming investment of dividends and capital gains distributions, expressed as a percentage of the initial investment.

 

12b-1 Fee. A 12b-1 fee is a mutual fund fee, named for the SEC rule that permits it, used to pay for distribution costs (such as advertising and commissions paid to dealers) and shareholder services. If a fund has a 12b-1 fee, it is found in the fee table of its prospectus. (See “Distribution and Services Plan 12b-1 Fees” in the “Shareholder Information” Section.)

 

Value Style Investing. Value style investing involves buying stocks that are out of favor and/or believed to be trading for less than their intrinsic value. Valuations of value stocks, as measured by traditional valuation metrics, may be lower than those of growth stocks.

 

Volatility. A historical measure of the variation in the price of a security. High volatility means that prices have changed dramatically, while low volatility means that prices have not fluctuated dramatically in the past. Volatility is often used as a proxy for the risk of a security. 

 

Prospectus  |  10

 
 

 

 

Management of the Fund

 

INVESTMENT ADVISER
Aston Asset Management, LLC
Aston Asset Management, LLC (“Aston” or the “Adviser”), 120 North LaSalle Street, 25th Floor, Chicago, Illinois 60602, is the investment adviser to the Fund. Aston is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Affiliated Managers Group, Inc. (“AMG”). More information on AMG is available in the SAI. Aston was formed in April 2006 and as of ________, 2015, Aston had approximately $__._ billion in assets under management.

 

Aston provides investment advisory, mutual fund administration and distribution-related services to Aston Funds. Aston manages the Fund by selecting an investment manager (the “Subadviser”) to manage the Fund’s portfolio on a subadvisory basis. Aston is responsible for identifying and selecting the Fund’s investment managers, monitoring the performance of such managers, and terminating managers.

 

The Fund operates under a “manager-of-managers” structure pursuant to which the investment adviser to the Fund may allocate and reallocate the assets of the Fund between and among subadvisers in reliance upon any applicable manager-of-managers exemptive order (and any amendments thereto) granted by the SEC and deemed to be in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders or any future rule that may be adopted by the SEC. At present, two such exemptive orders are available to the Fund: an exemptive order issued by the SEC to Aston and Aston Funds that enables Aston, subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees, but without the need for shareholder approval, to retain and terminate subadvisers, engage new subadvisers (including entering into new subadvisory agreements) and make material revisions to the terms of subadvisory agreements; and an exemptive order issued by the SEC to AMG Funds LLC (“AMG Funds”), the wholly-owned subsidiary of AMG through which AMG holds its interests in Aston, which allows AMG Funds and any entity that controls AMG Funds, that AMG Funds controls or that is under common control with AMG Funds to enter into and materially amend contracts with subadvisers for the funds managed by such entity without shareholder approval.

 

General
As the investment adviser to the Fund, Aston is paid an annual management fee based on the average daily net assets of the Fund. Out of its fee, Aston pays the Subadviser of the Fund. The investment advisory agreement with Aston may be terminated at any time by the Fund or by Aston upon 60 days’ written notice to the other party. The Fund may effect termination by an action of the Board of Trustees or by a vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities.

 

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the Fund’s investment advisory agreement and subadvisory agreement will be available in the Fund’s first shareholder report.

 

SUBADVISER
River Road Asset Management, LLC, Meidinger Tower, 462 South Fourth Street, Suite 2000, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, was founded in 2005. AMG holds an indirect, majority equity interest in River Road, and members of River Road’s senior management team hold a substantial minority equity interest in the firm. As of _________, 2015, River Road managed approximately $__ billion in assets. 

 

PORTFOLIO MANAGERS

 

R. Andrew Beck, Chief Executive Officer and President of River Road, serves as Portfolio Manager of the Fund. Mr. Beck was formerly employed as Senior Vice President and Portfolio Manager for Commonwealth SMC (SMC Capital, Inc.) from 1999-2005. Mr. Beck received his BS from the University of Louisville and his MBA from Babson College.

 

Mr. Thomas S. Forsha, CFA, Co-Chief Investment Officer of River Road, serves as Portfolio Manager of the Fund. Mr. Forsha was formerly employed by ABN AMRO from 1998 to 2005, where he served as equity analyst and portfolio manager and was responsible for the management of the North America equity allocation of the firm’s Global High Income Equity Fund. He received his BS in Finance from The Ohio State University’s Fisher College of Business and his MBA from The University of Chicago’s Graduate School of Business. Mr. Forsha holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation and is a member of the CFA Institute and the CFA Society of Louisville.

 

Additional information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers and each portfolio manager’s ownership of securities of the Fund is available in the SAI.

 

Prospectus  |  11

 
 

 

River Road Focused Absolute Value Related Performance
The following tables present the performance of a composite of all fully discretionary accounts managed by River Road in the Focused Absolute Value strategy. As of December 31, 2014, the composite was comprised of four accounts and had assets of $5.0 million. The clients for these accounts are employees of River Road. The investment objective, policies and strategies of the ASTON/River Road Focused Absolute Value Fund are substantially similar to those of the accounts comprising the composite.

  

The performance of the composite does not represent the historical performance of the ASTON/River Road Focused Absolute Value Fund and should not be considered indicative of future performance of the Fund. Results may differ because of, among other factors, differences in brokerage commissions, account expenses including management fees, the size of positions taken in relation to account size, diversification of the portfolio, timing of purchases and sales and availability of cash for new investment.

 

The performance of the composite presented below is not calculated using the same methodology as that which is prescribed for performance calculations used by registered investment companies. The net-of-fee returns below are calculated by deducting investment management fees and other fees and expenses (including sales loads) incurred by the accounts from gross returns. Gross returns are calculated in accordance with Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®). In addition, the accounts for which performance is presented are not subject to the same types of expenses as the Fund. If the Fund’s fees and expenses had been used in calculating the composite’s performance, the performance of the composite would have been lower. After February 24, 2010, the composites’ accounts were not subject to investment management fees. Accordingly, the net-of-fee returns presented include actual fees paid by the account(s) in the composite through February 24, 2010. After that date, the net-of-fee returns presented are not actual fees paid by the account(s), but are representative fees that would be paid by the clients using the highest rate in the fee tier.

 

The accounts comprising the composite are not subject to certain investment limitations, diversification requirements and other restrictions imposed by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and the Code, which if applicable, may have adversely affected the performance results of the composite. The results for different products may vary.

 

Total Return
  Year End River Road Focused
Absolute Value

Composite
Russell 3000
Value

Index
  2014 10.20%     12.70%
  2013 38.75%     32.69%
  2012 17.43%     17.55%
  2011 6.39%      -0.10%
  2010 30.68%     16.23%
  2009 32.53%     19.76%
     

 

Average Annual Total Return
(For the periods ended December 31, 2014)
  Period River Road Focused Absolute Value
Composite
Russell 3000
Value

Index
  One Year 10.20%   12.70%  
  Three Years 21.55%   20.68%  
  Five Years 20.08%   15.34%  
  Since Inception(a) 22.07%   16.06%  

(a) Since Inception return is computed from January 1, 2009.


Prospectus  |  12

 

 
 

 

 

Shareholder Information

 

OPENING AN ACCOUNT

nRead this prospectus carefully.

nDetermine how much you want to invest. The minimum initial and subsequent investment requirements for the applicable class of the Fund are as follows:

 

Class and Account Type  Minimum Initial Investment   Subsequent Investments 
Class N—Regular Accounts  $2,500   $50 
Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs)  $500   $50 
Education Savings Accounts (ESAs)  $500   $50 
Uniform Gift to Minor Accounts/Uniform Transfer to Minor Accounts (UGMA/UTMA)  $500   $50 
Class I—Institutional Accounts  $100,000   $50 

 

nMinimum initial investment requirements may be waived:

nFor trustees of Aston Funds, employees of Aston, Aston’s employees’ spouses, the Subadviser’s employees, the Subadviser’s employees’ spouses, and affiliates of Aston.

nBy means of a “letter of intent” from an investor or financial adviser/consultant expressing intent to purchase shares over a specified period of time to meet the minimum investment requirement (Class I only).

nFor certain omnibus accounts, mutual fund advisory platforms and registered investment advisors, banks, trust companies or similar financial institutions investing for their own accounts or for the accounts of their clients or customers for whom such institution is exercising investment discretion, or otherwise acting on behalf of clients or customers.

nFor individual accounts of a financial intermediary that charges an ongoing fee to its customers for its services or offers Fund shares through a no-load network or platform, and for accounts invested through fee-based advisory accounts, certain “wrap” programs and similar programs with approved financial intermediaries.

nBy Aston Funds at its discretion.

 

nBalances within the Fund may be aggregated to meet the Class I minimum initial investment requirements for the accounts of:
nClients of a financial adviser/consultant or clients of a financial intermediary that acts in an advisory capacity.

nImmediate family members (i.e., an individual’s spouse, parents, children, siblings and in-laws).

nA corporation or other legal entity.

 

nComplete the account application and carefully follow the instructions. If you have any questions, please call 800-992-8151. Remember to complete the “Purchase, Exchange and Redemption Authorization” section of the account application to establish your account privileges, and to avoid any delay and inconvenience of needing to request these in writing at a later date.
nPurchase, exchange and redemption requests (each, an “Investment Request”) must be in “good order.” Investment Requests received in “good order” and processed before the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) market close, typically 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time (“ET”), receive that business day’s closing NAV. Investment Requests received after that time receive the following business day’s NAV.
nAn Investment Request received that is not in “good order” will receive the NAV on the date the Investment Request is received in “good order.”

 

An Investment Request is in “good order” when:  

nThe account number and Fund name are included;

nThe amount of the transaction is specified in dollars or shares;

nSignatures of all owners appear exactly as they are registered on the account in original form, as photocopies are not acceptable;

nAny required Medallion Signature Guarantees are included; and

nOther supporting legal documents (as necessary) are present, including such “Requirements for Written Requests” as described later in this “Shareholder Information” Section.

 

Make your initial investment using the following table as a guideline. If your Investment Request is your initial purchase into the Fund, your account number will be assigned to you upon the Fund’s receipt of the Investment Request in “good order.”

 

Prospectus  |  13

 

 
 


 
             
   
TO OPEN AN ACCOUNT
   
TO ADD TO AN ACCOUNT ($50 MINIMUM)
 
   
Buying Shares Through Your Financial Representative
 
             
 
Your financial representative is responsible for transmitting the order promptly.
 
Your financial representative is responsible for transmitting the order promptly.
 
             
Buying Shares By Mail: Aston Funds P.O. Box 9765 Providence, Rhode Island 02940
Buying Shares Via Overnight Delivery: Aston Funds 4400 Computer Drive Westborough, Massachusetts 01581
             
 
Complete and sign your application.
 
Return the investment slip from a statement with your check in the envelope provided and mail to us at the above address.
 
 
We accept checks, bank drafts and money orders for purchases. Checks must be drawn on U.S. banks. There is a charge of a minimum of $20 for returned checks. Please see “Other Features” later in this “Shareholder Information” Section.
 
We accept checks, bank drafts, money orders, wires and ACH for purchases. Checks must be drawn on U.S. banks. There is a charge of a minimum of $20 for returned checks. Please see “Other Features” later in this “Shareholder Information” Section.
 
 
Make checks payable to Aston Funds and mail them to the address listed above.
 
Make checks payable to Aston Funds and mail them to the address listed above.
 
 
We do not accept cash, traveler’s checks, temporary checks, post-dated checks, credit card courtesy checks or second/third party checks (which are checks made payable to someone other than Aston Funds, including you).
 
We do not accept cash, traveler’s checks, temporary checks, post-dated checks, credit card courtesy checks or second/ third party checks (which are checks made payable to someone other than the Fund, including you).
 
 
If you anticipate the need to make subsequent trades via telephone or via bank transfer (wire transfer or ACH transfer), please indicate that in the “Purchase, Exchange and Redemption Authorizations” section of your account application.
 
For purchases via bank wire transfer or ACH transfer, give the following wire/ACH information to your bank:
 
The Bank of New York Mellon
ABA #011001234
For: Aston Funds
A/C 0000733296
FBO “Aston Fund Number”
“Your Account Number”
“Your Name”
 
 
 
If you have indicated on your account application that you intend to make trades in your account via ACH bank transfer, please verify that your bank or credit union is a member of the ACH (Automated Clearing House).
 
 
 
   
       
For your protection, our current Internet capabilities allow Class N and Class I shareholders to check balances and transfer monies only between Aston Funds in the same class. Please contact us via mail with a signed letter of instruction for all other changes to your account.
 
             
   
Buying Shares By Phone: 800-992-8151
 
             
 
You cannot open an account over the phone.
 
When you are ready to add to your account, call Aston Funds and tell the representative the Fund name, account number, the name(s) in which the account is registered and the amount of your investment.
 
       
To place your request with an Investor Services Associate, call between 9:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. ET, Monday - Friday.
 
       
Trade authorizations via telephone or via bank must be valid and on file, as indicated on the “Purchase, Exchange and Redemption Authorizations” section of your account application.
 
       
For purchases via bank wire or ACH transfer, instruct your bank to wire or ACH transfer the amount of your investment and provide your bank with the below information. Your bank may charge a fee for wire or ACH transfers:
 
             
         
The Bank of New York Mellon
 
         
ABA #011001234
 
         
For: Aston Funds
 
         
A/C 0000733296
 
         
FBO “Aston Fund Number”
 
         
“Your Account Number”
 
         
“Your Name”
 
             
 
Prospectus  |  14
 
 
 

 

 
             
   
TO OPEN AN ACCOUNT
   
TO ADD TO AN ACCOUNT ($50 MINIMUM)
 
Buying Shares By Internet: www.astonfunds.com
             
 
(Class N shares only*)
       
 
To open a new account you’ll need to provide bank account information plus the social security number and date of birth for each account owner and beneficiary.
 
Complete the “Purchase, Exchange and Redemption Authorization” section of your account application.
 
 
Open an account online by completing the Aston Funds online account application.
 
or
 
Self-register for online account access at www.astonfunds.com. Your social security number or employer identification number, account number and other security validating information will be required for registration.
 
  (Class N and Class I shares)  
When you are ready to add to your account, access your account through Aston Funds’ website and enter your purchase instructions in the secure area for shareholders only called “Shareholder Account Access.” ACH purchases on the Internet may take 3 or 4 business days.
 
 
Download the appropriate account application(s) from the website. Complete and sign the application(s). Make your check payable to Aston Funds and mail it to the address under “By Mail” above.
 
For your protection, our current Internet capabilities allow Class N and Class I shareholders to check balances and transfer monies only between Aston Funds in the same class. Please contact us via mail with a signed letter of instruction for all other changes to your account.
 
             
*Class I shares are not eligible for the establishment of new accounts through the Aston Funds website.
 
The Fund and its agents will not be responsible for any unauthorized telephone or online order when reasonable procedures designed to verify the identity of the investor are followed.
 
Other Aston Funds and share classes are available through separate prospectuses. Please call 800-992-8151 for more information.
 
EXCHANGING SHARES
When you exchange your shares, you authorize the sale of your shares in one fund to purchase shares of another fund. In other words, you are requesting a sale and then a purchase. The exchange of your shares may be a taxable event for federal income tax purposes if the shares are not held in a tax-deferred account and may subject you to a redemption fee. After you have opened an account with us, you can exchange your shares within Aston Funds to meet your changing investment goals or other needs. This privilege is not designed for frequent trading (which may subject you to a redemption fee) and may be difficult to implement in times of drastic market changes.
 
You can exchange shares from one Aston Fund to another within the same class of shares. All exchanges to open new accounts must meet the minimum initial investment requirements. Exchanges may be made by mail, through the Internet or by phone at 800-992-8151 if you chose this option when you opened your account.
 
In addition to exchanging into shares of other Aston Funds, you may also exchange Fund shares for shares in the Agency share class of the JPMorgan Liquid Assets Money Market Fund (the “JPMorgan Fund”). The JPMorgan Fund is not offered by this prospectus. The JPMorgan Fund prospectus, including applicable investment minimums, is available by contacting Aston Funds by mail, through the Internet or by phone at 800-992-8151. Please read the JPMorgan Fund prospectus carefully before investing.
 
For federal income tax purposes, each exchange into a different fund is treated as a sale and a new purchase. As a result, an investor holding shares in a non-tax-deferred account is generally subject to federal income tax on any appreciation on the shares exchanged.
 
Aston Funds reserves the right to limit, impose charges upon, terminate or otherwise modify the exchange privilege, subject to applicable law. All exchange requests must be in “good order.”
 
Aston Funds may allow eligible shareholders to convert their shares between classes within the Fund, for example from Class I to Class N or vice versa, if offered in the shareholder’s state of residence. No sales charges or other charges will apply to any such exchange. For federal income tax purposes, a same-fund exchange is not expected to result in the recognition by the investor of a capital gain or loss.
 
Prospectus  |  15
 
 
 

 

 
SELLING/REDEEMING SHARES
You can sell your shares to meet your changing investment goals or other needs. All redemption requests must be in “good order.” The following table shows guidelines for selling shares.
             
   
APPLIES TO
   
TO SELL SOME OR ALL OF YOUR SHARES
 
   
Selling Through Your Financial Representative
 
             
 
All share classes and accounts of any type.
 
Your financial representative is responsible for transmitting the order promptly.
 
             
Selling Shares By Mail: Aston Funds  P.O. Box 9765 Providence, Rhode Island 02940
Selling Shares Via Overnight Delivery: Aston Funds 4400 Computer Drive Westborough, Massachusetts 01581
             
 
All share classes and accounts of any type.
 
Write and sign a letter of instruction indicating the Fund name, Fund number, your account number, the name(s) in which the account is registered and the dollar value or number of shares you wish to sell.
 
 
Sales or redemptions of any size please see the “Medallion Signature Guarantees” section, later in this “Shareholder Information” section, to determine if a Medallion Signature Guarantee is required for your transaction.
 
Include all signatures and any additional documents that may be required. Signatures must be in original form, as photocopies are not accepted. Please see “Selling Shares in Writing” later in this “Shareholder Information” Section.
 
       
Mail to us at the address above.
 
       
A check will be mailed to the name(s) and address to which the account is registered. If you would like the check mailed to a different address, you must write a letter of instruction and have it Medallion Signature Guaranteed.
 
       
Proceeds may also be sent by wire or ACH. Please see “Other Features” later in this “Shareholder Information” section.
 
             
   
Selling Shares By Phone: 800-992-8151
 
             
 
Class N and Class I non-retirement accounts.
 
For automated service 24 hours a day using your touch-tone phone, call 800-992-8151.
 
 
Sales of up to $50,000 (for accounts with telephone account privileges).
 
To place your request with an Investor Services Associate, call between 9:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. ET, Monday - Friday.
 
       
A check will be mailed to the name(s) and address to which the account is registered. If you would like the check to be mailed to a different address, you must write a letter of instruction and have it Medallion Signature Guaranteed.
 
       
Proceeds may also be sent by wire or ACH. Please see “Other Features” later in this “Shareholder Information” Section.
 
       
The Fund reserves the right to refuse any telephone sales request and may modify the procedures at any time. The Fund makes reasonable attempts to verify that telephone instructions are genuine, but you are responsible for any loss that you may incur from telephone requests.
 
             
   
Selling Shares By Internet: www.astonfunds.com
 
             
 
Class N and Class I non-retirement accounts
 
Complete the “Purchase, Exchange and Redemption Authorization” section of your account application.
 
       
Self-register online for account access at www.astonfunds.com. Your social security number or employer identification number, account number and other security validating information will be required for registration.
 
       
When you are ready to redeem a portion of your account, access your account through Aston Funds’ website and enter your redemption instructions in the secure area for shareholders only called “Shareholder Account Access.” A check for the proceeds will be mailed to you at your address of record.
 
       
Proceeds may also be sent by wire or ACH. Please see “Other Features” later in this “Shareholder Information” section.
 
             
The Fund and its agents will not be responsible for any unauthorized telephone or online order when reasonable procedures designed to verify the identity of the investor are followed.
 
Prospectus  |  16
 
 
 

 

 
Selling Shares in Writing
In certain circumstances, you must make your request to sell shares in writing. You may need to include a Medallion Signature Guarantee (which protects you against fraudulent orders) and additional items with your request, as shown in the table below.
 
Medallion Signature Guarantees
 
We require Medallion Signature Guarantees if:
 
Your address of record has changed within the past 30 days;
 
You are selling more than $50,000 worth of shares; or
 
You are requesting payment other than by a check mailed to the address of record and payable to the registered owner(s) or other than by wire or ACH sent to the bank account of the registered owner(s).
 
What is a Medallion Signature Guarantee?
A Medallion Signature Guarantee verifies the authenticity of your signature and may be obtained from a domestic bank or trust company, broker, dealer, clearing agency, savings association or other financial institution that participates in a Medallion Program recognized by the Securities Transfer Association.
 
Medallion Signature Guarantees help ensure that major transactions or changes to your account are in fact authorized by you. For example, we require a Medallion Signature Guarantee on written redemption requests for more than $50,000. The three recognized Medallion Programs are Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program (STAMP), Stock Exchanges Medallion Program (SEMP) and NYSE Medallion Signature Program (NYSE MSP). Signature guarantees from financial institutions that do not participate in one of these programs will not be accepted.
 
A notary public stamp or seal cannot be substituted for a Medallion Signature Guarantee.
           
 
SELLER
   
REQUIREMENTS FOR WRITTEN REQUESTS
 
           
 
Owners of individual, joint, sole proprietorship,
 
Letter of instruction
 
 
UGMA/UTMA, or general partner accounts
 
On the letter, the signatures and titles of all persons authorized to sign for the account, exactly as the account is registered, must be in original form, as photocopies are not accepted
 
     
Medallion Signature Guarantee, if applicable (see above)
 
           
           
 
Owners of corporate or association accounts
 
Letter of instruction
 
     
On the letter, the signatures and titles of all persons authorized to sign for the account, exactly as the account is registered, must be in original form, as photocopies are not accepted
 
     
Medallion Signature Guarantee, if applicable (see above)
 
           
           
 
Owners or trustees of trust accounts
 
Letter of instruction
 
     
On the letter, the signature of the trustee(s) must be in original form, as photocopies are not accepted
 
     
If the names of all trustees are not registered on the account, a copy of the trust document certified within the past 12 months
 
     
Medallion Signature Guarantee, if applicable (see above)
 
           
           
 
Joint tenancy shareholders whose co-tenants are deceased
 
Letter of instruction signed by the surviving tenant must be in original form, as photocopies are not accepted
 
     
Certified copy of death certificate
 
     
Medallion Signature Guarantee, if applicable (see above)
 
           
           
  Executors of shareholder estates  
Letter of instruction signed by executor must be in original form, as photocopies are not accepted  
     
Certified copy of order appointing executor  
     
Medallion Signature Guarantee, if applicable (see above)  
           
           
  Administrators, conservators, guardians and other sellers or account types not listed above  
Call 800-992-8151 for instructions  
   
Medallion Signature Guarantee, if applicable (see above)  
           
           
  IRA accounts  
IRA distribution request form completed and signed. Call 800-992-8151 for a form, or download a form from our website, www.astonfunds.com.  
         
           

 

In addition to the situations described above, Aston Funds may require Medallion Signature Guarantees in other circumstances based on the amount of the redemption request or other factors.

 

Prospectus  |  17
 
 
 

 

 
 

Other Features

The following other features are also available to buy and sell shares of the Fund.

 

Wire. To purchase and sell shares via the Federal Reserve Wire System:

 

nYou must authorize Aston Funds to honor wire instructions before using this feature. Complete the appropriate section on the application when opening your account or call 800-992-8151 to add the feature after your account is opened. Call 800-992-8151 before your first use to verify that this feature is set up on your account.
nTo sell shares by wire, you must designate the U.S. commercial bank account(s) into which you wish the redemption proceeds deposited.

 

For accounts with existing wire instructions, wire redemptions may be placed over the phone. Consult your banking institution for any fees it may charge associated with wire transfers. Any changes made to existing wire instructions will only be accepted with a Medallion Signature Guaranteed letter of instruction.

 

Automated Clearing House (ACH). To transfer money between your bank account and your Aston Funds account(s):

 

nYou must authorize Aston Funds to honor ACH instructions before using this feature. Complete the appropriate section on the application when opening your account or call 800-992-8151 to add the feature after your account is opened. Call 800-992-8151 before your first use to verify that this feature is set up on your account.
nMost transfers are completed within three business days of your call. ACH purchases will receive the NAV calculated on the day the money is received.
nThere is no fee to your mutual fund account for this transaction.

 

Redemptions in Kind

The Fund has elected, under Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act, to pay sales proceeds in cash up to $250,000 or 1% of the Fund’s total value, whichever is less, during any 90-day period to any one shareholder.

 

Larger redemptions may be detrimental to existing shareholders. While we intend to pay all sales proceeds in cash, we reserve the right to make higher payments to you in the form of certain marketable securities of the Fund. This is called a “redemption in kind.” You may need to pay certain sales charges related to a redemption in kind, such as brokerage commissions, when you sell the securities. For shares that are not held in a tax deferred account, redemptions in kind are taxable events for federal income tax purposes in the same manner as when the sales proceeds are paid in cash.

 

Involuntary Redemptions

To reduce expenses, we may convert your Fund position(s), redeem your Fund position(s) and/or close your Fund position(s) if the balance in your Fund position(s) falls below the required investment minimum due to transaction activity or for any other reason. We may convert your position(s) in Class I shares of the Fund to the Class N shares of the Fund, if applicable. Unless you did not meet the minimum initial investment, we will give you 30 days’ notice before we convert, redeem, or close your Fund position(s). This gives you an opportunity to purchase enough shares to raise the value of your Fund position(s) above the applicable minimum initial investment. We will not redeem or close Fund position(s) in IRAs, Education Savings Accounts, custodial accounts for minors, or active Automatic Investment Plans because they do not meet the applicable minimum investment requirement. We may close Fund position(s) in IRAs, Education Savings Accounts, custodial accounts for minors, or active Automatic Investment Plans due to insufficient information as it relates to customer identification procedures. If these account types are invested in Class I shares below the required minimum investment, we may convert the Fund position(s) to Class N. Additionally, we will not convert Class I Fund position(s) where there is an effective “letter of intent.” Redemption fees will not be assessed on involuntary redemptions or involuntary conversions.

 

Prospectus  |  18

 
 

 

TRANSACTION POLICIES

Calculating Share Price

When you buy, exchange, or sell shares, the NAV next determined is used to price your purchase or sale. The NAV for each share class of the Fund is determined each business day at the close of regular trading on the NYSE (typically, 4:00 p.m. ET) by dividing the net assets of the class by the number of shares outstanding for the share class. Currently, the Fund observes the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. Generally, securities are priced using market quotes or, for debt securities, evaluated prices obtained from independent pricing services. If market quotations are not available or are deemed unreliable, securities are valued at fair value as determined by the Adviser in accordance with guidelines adopted and periodically reviewed by the Aston Funds Board of Trustees. These circumstances may arise, for instance, when trading in a security is suspended, the exchange or market on which a security is traded closes early, or the trading volume in a security is limited, calling into question the reliability of market quotations. In such a case, the Fund’s value for a security may be different from the last quoted market price. Fair value pricing for certain types of securities in which the Fund may invest, including prices received from pricing services, is inherently a process of estimates and judgments. Changes in the value of portfolio investments priced at fair value may be less frequent and of greater magnitude than changes in the price of securities that trade frequently in the market place, resulting in potentially greater net asset value volatility. In addition, due to the subjective and variable nature of fair value pricing, it is possible that the fair value determined for a particular security may be materially different from the value realized upon such security’s sale.

 

Quotations of foreign securities denominated in foreign currency are converted to U.S. dollar equivalents using foreign exchange quotations received from independent dealers. Events affecting the values of portfolio securities that occur between the time when their prices are determined and the close of regular trading on the NYSE may not be reflected in the calculation of NAV. If events materially affecting the value of such securities occur during such period, then these securities may be valued at fair value as determined by the Adviser in accordance with guidelines adopted by the Aston Funds Board of Trustees.

 

The Fund may invest in certain securities which are primarily listed on foreign exchanges that trade on weekends and other days when the Fund does not price its shares. Therefore, the value of the Fund’s holdings may change on days when you will not be able to purchase or redeem its shares.

 

In addition, changes in values in the U.S. markets subsequent to the close of a foreign market may affect the values of securities traded in the foreign market. The Trust has retained an independent statistical fair value pricing service to assist in the fair valuation of securities principally traded in foreign markets in order to adjust for possible changes in value that may occur between the close of the foreign exchange and the time as of which Fund shares are priced.

 

Execution of Requests

The Fund is open on each business day that the NYSE is open for trading. The NYSE is not open on weekends or national holidays. Investment requests are executed at the NAV next calculated after Aston Funds or an authorized broker or designee receives your mail, telephone or Internet request in “good order.” Purchase orders and redemption requests for the Fund must be received by the close of regular trading on the NYSE (typically, 4:00 p.m. ET) for same day processing. On days when the Federal Reserve Cash Settlement System closes earlier than normal, these times may be accelerated. Sales proceeds are normally sent the next business day, but are always sent within seven days of receipt of a request in “good order.” Brokers and their authorized designees are responsible for forwarding purchase orders and redemption requests to the Fund.

 

Shares of the Fund can also be purchased through broker-dealers, banks and trust departments that may charge you a transaction or other fee for their services. These fees are not charged if you purchase shares directly from Aston Funds.

 

The Fund may be required to “freeze” or redeem your account if there appears to be suspicious activity or if account information matches information on a government list of known terrorists or other suspicious persons.

 

Aston Funds reserves the right to:

 

nRefuse any purchase or exchange of shares if it could adversely affect the Fund or its operations;
nSuspend the offering of Fund shares;
nChange the initial and additional investment minimums or waive these minimums for any investor;
nDelay sending you your sales proceeds for up to 15 days if you purchased shares by check. A minimum charge of $20 will be assessed if any check used to purchase shares is returned; and
nChange, withdraw or waive various services, fees and account policies.

 

Customer Identification Program

Federal law requires Aston Funds to obtain, verify and record identifying information for each investor who opens or reopens an account with Aston Funds. An investor may be an individual or a person other than an individual (such as a corporation, partnership or trust). Such identifying information may include the name, residential or business street address, principal place of business, local office or other physical location (for a person other than an individual), date of birth (for an individual), social security or taxpayer identification number or other identifying information. Applications without the required information, or without any indication that a social security or taxpayer identification number has been applied for, may not be accepted. After acceptance, to the extent permitted by applicable law and its customer identification program, Aston Funds reserves the right (a) to place limits on transactions in any account until the identity of the investor is verified; or (b) to refuse an investment in Aston

 

Prospectus  |  19

 
 

 

Funds or to involuntarily redeem an investor’s shares at the current share price and close an account in the event that an investor’s identity is not verified within 90 days regardless of the type of account. This may cause shares in the investor’s account to be redeemed at a loss. If Aston Funds liquidates your account due to insufficient information as it relates to customer identification procedures, the liquidation may be taxable to you for federal income tax purposes. Aston Funds and its agents will not be responsible for any loss or adverse tax effect in an investor’s account resulting from the investor’s delay in providing all required identifying information or from closing an account and redeeming an investor’s shares when an investor’s identity cannot be verified.

 

Short-Term and Excessive Trading

The Fund is designed for long-term investors. The Fund discourages and does not knowingly accommodate short-term and excessive trading. Such trading increases brokerage and administrative costs, may result in increased taxable gains to remaining shareholders and may disrupt portfolio management. For example, the Fund may be unable to effectively invest the proceeds from certain purchase or exchange requests under certain market conditions or may incur losses on the sale of investments. These risks may be more pronounced for the Fund if it invests in securities that are more difficult to value or that are susceptible to pricing arbitrage (e.g., foreign securities, high yield securities and small cap securities). Thus, such trading may negatively impact the Fund’s NAV and result in dilution to long-term shareholders.

 

In an effort to protect long-term shareholders, Aston Funds’ Board of Trustees has adopted policies and procedures that seek to deter short-term trading and excessive trading and to detect such trading activity at levels that may be detrimental to the Fund. These policies and procedures include certain fair valuation practices intended to protect the Fund from time zone arbitrage with respect to foreign securities and other trading practices that seek to exploit stale prices; and the Fund reserves the right to:

n   Reject any purchase, including exchange purchases that could adversely affect the Fund or its operations.

n   Limit, terminate or otherwise modify the exchange privilege of any shareholder deemed to be engaged in activities that may be detrimental to the Fund.

n   Reject any purchase, including exchange purchases, from investors if there appears to be evidence of short-term or excessive trading.

n   Permanently prevent future purchases and exchanges from occurring in accounts where short-term or excessive trading is apparent.

n   Delay sending redemption proceeds for up to seven days (generally applies in cases of very large redemptions, excessive trading, or during unusual market conditions).

n   Suspend redemptions as permitted by law (e.g., in emergency situations).

 

In making the determination to exercise these rights, the Fund may consider an investor’s trading history in the Aston Funds and accounts under common ownership or control.

 

The Fund seeks to employ reasonable measures to detect short-term and excessive trading at levels that may be detrimental to the Fund. Accordingly, the Fund uses certain materiality and volume thresholds in applying the policies and procedures, but otherwise seeks to apply the policies and procedures uniformly to all shareholders. With respect to accounts held through intermediaries, such intermediaries generally are contractually obligated to provide the Fund with certain shareholder trading information. However, the Fund cannot directly control activity through all channels and is dependent on intermediaries to enforce the Fund’s policies and procedures. In certain cases, intermediaries may be unable to implement these policies or may not be able to implement policies and procedures in the same manner as the Fund due to system or other constraints. Shareholders who invest through omnibus accounts may be subject to policies and procedures that differ from those applied by the Fund to direct shareholders. The Fund reserves the right to limit an intermediary’s future access to the Fund, up to and including terminating the selling agreement with the intermediary. There is no assurance that the Fund’s policies and procedures will be effective in limiting and deterring short-term and excessive trading in all circumstances.

 

ACCOUNT POLICIES AND DIVIDENDS

Account Statements

In general, you will receive quarterly account statements. In addition, you will also receive account statements:

 

nAfter every transaction that affects your account balance (except for dividend reinvestments, Automatic Investment Plans or Systematic Withdrawal Plans); and
nAfter any change of name or address of the registered owner(s).

 

You will also receive an annual statement that describes the federal income tax characteristics of any dividends and distributions the Fund has paid to you during the year.

 

Aston Funds may charge a fee for certain services, such as providing historical account documents.

 

Mailings to Shareholders

To help reduce Fund expenses and environmental waste, Aston Funds combines mailings for multiple accounts going to a single household by delivering Fund reports (annual and semi-annual reports, prospectuses, etc.) in a single envelope. If you do not want us to continue consolidating your Fund mailings and would prefer to receive separate mailings with multiple copies of Fund reports, please call one of our Investor Services Associates at 800-992-8151.

 

Prospectus  |  20

 
 

 

Distributions

The Fund distributes income dividends and net capital gains. Income dividends represent the earnings from the Fund’s investments less its expenses; capital gains generally occur when the Fund sells a portfolio security for more than the original purchase price.

 

Dividends
The Fund will declare and pay dividends, if any, annually. Net capital gains, if any, will be distributed at least once a year, generally in December.

 

Dividend Reinvestments
Investors may have their dividends and distributions reinvested in additional shares of the Fund. If you choose this option, or if you do not indicate a choice, your dividends and distributions will be automatically reinvested on the dividend payable date. You can also choose to have a check for your dividends and distributions mailed to you by choosing this option on your account application.

 

Uncashed Checks
Checks should be cashed upon receipt, as interest will not be paid on uncashed checks. State escheat laws generally require Aston Funds to remit uncashed checks to the appropriate state after a specific period of time, which varies by state.

 

ADDITIONAL INVESTOR SERVICES
Automatic Investment Plan (Class N Shares only)
The Automatic Investment Plan (“AIP”) allows you to set up a scheduled transfer of funds from your bank account to the Aston Fund(s) of your choice. You determine the AIP investment amount (the minimum AIP investment amount is $50), and you can terminate the program at any time. The minimum initial investment for accounts containing an AIP instruction is the same as all other accounts. To take advantage of this feature, complete the appropriate sections of the account application.

 

Aston Funds Website
Aston Funds maintains a website located at www.astonfunds.com. You can purchase, exchange and redeem shares and access information such as your account balance and the Fund’s NAVs through our website. Self-register for online account access at www.astonfunds.com. Your social security number or employer identification number, account number and other security validity information will be required for registration. You may also need to have bank account information, wire instructions, ACH instructions or other options established on your account.

 

Aston Funds has procedures in place to try to prevent unauthorized access to your account information. The Fund and its agents will not be responsible for any losses resulting from unauthorized transactions on our website.

 

Systematic Withdrawal Plan (Class N Shares only)
This plan may be used for periodic withdrawals (at least $50 by check or ACH) from your account. To take advantage of this feature you must:

 

Have at least $50,000 in your account;
Determine the schedule: monthly, quarterly, semi-annually or annually; and
Call 800-992-8151 to add a Systematic Withdrawal Plan to your account.

 

Retirement Plans and Education Savings Accounts (Class N Shares)
Aston Funds offers a range of retirement plans, including Traditional, Roth, SIMPLE IRAs and SEP IRAs for Class N shareholders. Aston Funds also offers Education Savings Accounts for Class N shareholders, which allow you to save for qualified elementary, secondary and higher education costs. Using these plans, you can invest in any Aston Fund with a low minimum investment of $500. The annual maintenance fee for IRAs and Education Savings Accounts is $15 per account (not to exceed $30 per shareholder), but it is waived if you have $35,000 or more in assets. The fee is assessed every December for the current calendar year. To find out more, call Aston Funds at 800-992-8151.

 

DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICES PLAN 12b-1 FEES
To pay for the cost of promoting the Fund and servicing your shareholder account, the Fund has adopted a Rule 12b-1 plan for Class N shares. Under this plan, the Fund pays a fee at an annual rate of not more than 0.25% of the Fund’s Class N shares’ average daily net assets to the distributor for certain expenses associated with the distribution of Fund shares and administrative services provided to Fund shareholders. The fee is accrued daily and payable monthly. Over time, these fees may increase the cost of your investment and may cost more than paying other types of sales charges.

 

PAYMENTS TO INTERMEDIARIES
In addition to payments under a Rule 12b-1 plan, the Fund may bear costs associated with compensating intermediaries that perform sub-transfer agency, sub-accounting and/or shareholder services for Fund shareholder accounts. Aston may also compensate intermediaries that distribute and/or service investors in the Fund out of its own assets and not as an additional charge to the Fund. Additional payments to intermediaries may represent a premium over payments made by other fund families, and may create an added incentive for investment professionals to sell or recommend the Fund over other funds

 

Prospectus  |  21

 
 

 

offered by competing fund families. The additional payments may differ for each fund within the Aston Funds family of funds, including within the same intermediary, and across intermediaries, or within the same fund at the same intermediary.

 

PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS
The Subadviser attempts to obtain the best possible price and most favorable execution of transactions in portfolio securities. There may be times when the Subadviser may pay one broker-dealer a commission that is greater than the amount that another broker-dealer may charge for the same transaction. The Subadviser generally determines in good faith if the commission paid was reasonable in relation to the brokerage or research services provided by the broker-dealer. In selecting and monitoring broker-dealers and negotiating commissions, the Subadviser considers, among other factors, a broker-dealer’s reliability, availability of research, the quality of its execution services and its financial condition.

 

Prospectus  |  22

 
 

 

 
Dividends, Distributions and Taxes

 

Dividends and Distributions
The Fund pays dividends and distributes capital gains at different intervals. All dividends and distributions are automatically reinvested at NAV unless you choose to receive them in a cash payment. You can change your payment options at any time by writing to us.

 

Taxes
Certain tax considerations may apply to your investment in the Fund. The following is a general description of certain federal income tax considerations. Further information regarding the federal income tax consequences of investing in the Fund is included in the SAI. If you have any tax-related questions relating to your own investment in the Fund, please consult your tax adviser.

 

For federal income tax purposes:

 

The tax treatment of dividends and distributions is the same whether you reinvest the dividends and distributions or elect to receive them in cash. We will send you a statement with the federal income tax status of your dividends and distributions for the prior calendar year generally by February 15.
Distributions of any net investment income, other than “qualified dividend income,” are taxable to you as ordinary income.
Distributions of qualified dividend income (i.e., generally dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations and certain foreign corporations) generally will be taxed to individuals and other non-corporate investors in the Fund at federal income tax rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided you meet certain holding period and other requirements contained in the Code with respect to your Fund shares and the Fund meets similar holding period and other requirements with respect to the dividend paying stock. Dividends received by the Fund from most REITs and certain foreign corporations are not expected to qualify for treatment as qualified dividend income when distributed by the Fund.
If the Fund receives dividends from another investment company that qualifies as a regulated investment company, including an ETF, for federal income tax purposes and the investment company designates such dividends as qualified dividend income, then the Fund may in turn designate that portion of its distributions derived from those dividends as qualified dividend income, provided the Fund meets certain holding period and other requirements with respect to the shares of the investment company.
Distributions of net capital gain (net long-term capital gain less any net short-term capital loss) are taxable as long-term capital gain regardless of how long you may have held shares of the Fund. In contrast, distributions of net short-term capital gain (net short-term capital gain less any net long-term capital loss) are taxable as ordinary income regardless of how long you may have held shares of the Fund. Because distributions of net short-term capital gain are taxable as ordinary income, you generally cannot offset net short-term capital gain distributions you receive from the Fund with capital losses.
Some of the Fund’s investments may be subject to special provisions of the Code that may increase the amount of gain recognized by the Fund, defer the Fund’s losses, accelerate the Fund’s recognition of gain, affect the character of such income and affect the amount, timing and type of distributions from the Fund, which may increase the amount of taxes payable by you.
Distributions declared to the shareholders of record in October, November or December and paid on or before January 31 of the succeeding year will be treated for federal income tax purposes as if received by shareholders on December 31 of the year in which the distribution was declared.
When you sell shares or exchange shares for shares of another fund (other than shares held in a tax-deferred account) it generally is considered a taxable event for you. Depending on the purchase price and the sale price of the shares you sell or exchange, you may have a gain or a loss on the transaction. The gain or loss will generally be treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if you held your shares for more than one year. If you held your shares for one year or less, the gain or loss will generally be treated as a short-term capital gain or loss. You are responsible for any tax liabilities generated by your transactions.
An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including dividends and distributions received from the Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds a threshold amount.
If you do not provide Aston Funds with your complete and correct taxpayer identification number and required certification, or if the Internal Revenue Service so notifies us, you may be subject to backup withholding tax on dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds.
If you purchase shares of the Fund just before a dividend or distribution, you will pay the full price for the shares and receive a portion of the purchase price back as a taxable distribution. This is referred to as “buying a dividend.”
If the Fund qualifies (by having more than 50% of the value of its total assets at the close of the taxable year consist of stock or securities in foreign corporations or by being a qualified fund of funds) and elects to pass through foreign taxes paid on its investments during the year, such taxes will be reported to you as income. You may, however, be able to claim an offsetting tax credit or deduction on your federal income tax return, depending on your particular circumstances and provided you

 

Prospectus  |  23

 
 

 

meet certain holding period and other requirements. Tax-exempt holders of Fund shares, such as qualified tax-deferred retirement plans, will not benefit from such a deduction or credit.
The Fund’s ability to invest in some investments may be significantly limited by the federal income tax rules applicable to regulated investment companies.
Aston Funds is required to report cost basis and holding period information to both the Internal Revenue Service and shareholders for gross proceeds from the sales of shares of the Fund purchased on or after January 1, 2012. This information will be reported on Form 1099-B. The deadline for mailing Form 1099-B to shareholders is February 15. Absent shareholder instructions, Aston Funds will calculate and report cost basis information using its default method of average cost. If you hold shares of the Fund through a financial intermediary, the financial intermediary will be responsible for this reporting and the financial intermediary’s default cost basis method may apply. Please consult your tax adviser for additional information regarding cost basis reporting and your situation.

 

Prospectus  |  24

 
 

 

 
Financial Highlights

 

The Fund is new and does not have an operating history. Information, when available, will be included in the Fund’s next annual or semi-annual shareholder report.

 

Prospectus  |  25

 
 

 

 
General Information

 

If you wish to know more about Aston Funds, you will find additional information in the following documents:

 

SHAREHOLDER REPORTS
You will receive an unaudited semi-annual report dated April 30 and an annual report dated October 31, which is audited by an independent registered public accounting firm. The annual report contains a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.

 

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (SAI)
The SAI, which is incorporated into this prospectus by reference and dated ______ __, 2015, as amended from time to time, is available to you without charge and can be mailed to you upon request. It contains more detailed information about the Fund.

 

HOW TO OBTAIN REPORTS

 

Contacting Aston Funds
You can get free copies of the reports and SAI, request other information and obtain answers to your questions about the Fund by contacting: 

   
Address: Aston Funds
  P.O. Box 9765
  Providence, Rhode Island 02940
   
Phone: Shareholder Services & Fund Literature
  800-992-8151
   
  Investment Advisor Services
  800-597-9704
   
Website: www.astonfunds.com

 

Obtaining Information from the SEC
You can visit the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov to view the SAI and other information. You can also view and copy information about the Fund at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. To find out more about the Public Reference Room, you can call the SEC at 202-551-8090. Also, you can obtain copies of this information after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the SEC’s Public Reference Section, Washington D.C. 20549-1520.

 

Investment Company Act File Number: 811-8004

 

Prospectus  |  26

 
 

 

 

Aston Funds
P.O. Box 9765
Providence, Rhode Island 02940 

 

AST RR FAV 15

 

 
 

 

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

ASTON FUNDS

 

ASTON/River Road Focused Absolute Value Fund

 

  Ticker Symbols
  Class N   Class I
ASTON/River Road Focused Absolute Value Fund ______   ______

 

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

_____ __, 2015

 

This Statement of Additional Information dated ______ __, 2015 (“SAI”) provides supplementary information pertaining to shares representing interests in Class N shares and Class I shares of the ASTON/River Road Focused Absolute Value Fund (the “Fund”), one of twenty-eight available investment portfolios of Aston Funds (the “Trust”).

 

This SAI is not a prospectus and should be read only in conjunction with the Fund’s current prospectus dated _____ __, 2015, as amended or supplemented from time to time (the “Prospectus”). No investment in the Fund should be made without first reading the Prospectus. This SAI is incorporated by reference into the Prospectus.

 

You may obtain a prospectus, annual report or semi-annual report, when available, at no charge by contacting the Trust at Aston Funds, P.O. Box 9765, Providence, Rhode Island 02940 or 800-992-8151 or by downloading such information from www.astonfunds.com. The website does not form a part of the Prospectus or SAI.

 

SAI RR FAV 15

 

 
 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

  Page
The Fund 1
Investment Objectives, Strategies and Risk Considerations 1
Investment Restrictions 26
Trustees and Officers of the Trust 27
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures 35
Investment Advisory and Other Services 35
   
Investment Adviser 35
Subadviser 37
Administrator 39
Sub-administrator 39
Sub-administration Fees 40
Underwriter 40
Distribution and Services Plan 40
Custodian 41
Transfer Agent and Dividend Paying Agent 41
Counsel and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 41
   
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage Commissions 41
Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings 43
Description of Shares 44
Net Asset Value 46
Redemptions-In-Kind 47
Dividends 48
Federal Income Taxes 48
Performance Information 55
Financial Statements 56
Other Information 56
Appendix A A-1

 

i
 

 

NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS NOT CONTAINED IN THIS SAI OR IN THE PROSPECTUS IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFERINGS MADE BY THE PROSPECTUS. IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE TRUST OR THE DISTRIBUTOR. THE PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFERING BY THE TRUST OR THE DISTRIBUTOR IN ANY JURISDICTION IN WHICH SUCH OFFERING MAY NOT LAWFULLY BE MADE.

 

 
 

 

The Fund

 

Aston Funds, 120 N. LaSalle Street, 25th Floor, Chicago, Illinois 60602, is an open-end management investment company. The Fund is classified as diversified under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Fund is a series of the Trust, which was formed as a Delaware statutory trust on September 10, 1993.

 

Investment ObjectiveS, Strategies and Risk Considerations

 

The following supplements the information contained in the Prospectus concerning the investment objectives, strategies and risks of investing in the Fund. Except as otherwise stated below or in the Prospectus, the Fund may invest in the portfolio investments included in this section. The investment practices described below, except as further set forth in “Investment Restrictions,” are not fundamental and may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) without the approval of shareholders.

 

American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Continental Depositary Receipts (“CDRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”)

 

ADRs are securities, typically issued by a U.S. financial institution (a “depositary”), that evidence ownership interest in a security or a pool of securities issued by a foreign issuer and deposited with the depositary. EDRs, which are sometimes referred to as CDRs, are securities, typically issued by a non-U.S. financial institution, that evidence ownership interest in a security or a pool of securities issued by either a U.S. or foreign issuer. GDRs are issued globally and evidence a similar ownership arrangement. Generally, ADRs are designed for trading in the U.S. securities market, EDRs are designed for trading in European securities markets and GDRs are designed for trading in non-U.S. securities markets. Generally, depositary receipts may be available through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” facilities. A sponsored facility is established jointly by the issuer of the security underlying the receipt and a depositary, whereas an unsponsored facility may be established by a depositary without participation by the issuer of the underlying security. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of the unsponsored facility. The depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or to pass through, to the holders of the receipts, voting rights with respect to the deposited securities.

 

Borrowing

 

The Fund may not borrow money or issue senior securities, except as described in this paragraph or as described in “Investment Restrictions.” Any policy under “Investment Restrictions” that contradicts policies described in this paragraph governs the Fund’s policy on borrowing. The Fund may borrow from banks or enter into reverse repurchase agreements for temporary purposes in amounts up to one-third of the value of its total assets. The Fund may not mortgage, pledge or hypothecate any assets, except in connection with permitted borrowing or other permitted investment techniques. Any borrowing will be from a bank with asset coverage of at least 300%, if required. In the event that such asset coverage shall at any time fall below 300%, the Fund shall, within three days thereafter (not including Sundays or holidays) or such longer period as the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) may prescribe by rules and regulations, reduce the amount of its borrowings to such an extent that the asset coverage of such borrowings shall be at least 300%.

 

1
 

 

Convertible Securities

 

Common stock occupies the most junior position in a company’s capital structure. Convertible securities entitle the holder to exchange the securities for a specified number of shares of common stock, usually of the same company, at specified prices within a certain period of time, and to receive dividends, in the case of convertible preferred stock, or interest, in the case of convertible bonds, until the holder elects to convert or, if applicable, the security matures. The provisions of any convertible security determine its ranking in a company’s capital structure. In the case of subordinated convertible debentures, the holder’s claims on assets and earnings are subordinated to the claims of other creditors and are senior to the claims of preferred and common shareholders. In the case of convertible preferred stock, the holder’s claims on assets and earnings are subordinated to the claims of all creditors but are senior to the claims of common shareholders.

 

Cyber Security Risk

 

With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, the Fund is susceptible to operational, information security and related risks. In general, cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. Cyber attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g., through “hacking” or malicious software coding) for purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, or causing operational disruption. Cyber attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites (i.e., efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users). Cyber incidents affecting the Fund’s investment adviser or sub-adviser and other service providers (including, but not limited to, fund accountants, custodians, transfer agents and financial intermediaries) have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, potentially resulting in financial losses, interference with the Fund’s ability to calculate its NAV, impediments to trading, the inability of Fund investors to transact business, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs. Similar adverse consequences could result from cyber incidents affecting issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, counterparties with which the Fund engages in transactions, governmental and other regulatory authorities, exchange and other financial market operators, banks, brokers, dealers, insurance companies and other financial institutions (including financial intermediaries and service providers for fund shareholders) and other parties. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. Although service providers typically have business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber incidents, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Fund cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by its service providers or any other third parties whose operations may affect the fund or its shareholders. The Fund and its investors could be negatively impacted as a result.

 

Derivative Instruments

 

The term “derivatives” has been used to identify a range and variety of financial instruments. In general, a derivative is commonly defined as a financial instrument whose performance and value are derived, at least in part, from another source, such as the performance of an underlying asset, a specific security or an index of securities. As is the case with other types of investments, the Fund’s derivative instruments may entail various types and degrees of risk, depending upon the characteristics of the derivative instrument and the Fund’s overall portfolio.

 

The Fund may use derivative instruments for hedging purposes, to maintain liquidity, in anticipation of changes in the composition of its portfolio holdings, or as otherwise provided in the

 

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Prospectus. The Fund may use derivatives in an attempt to achieve its investment objective, as described in the Prospectus. The Fund will invest in one or more derivatives only to the extent that the instrument under consideration is judged by the investment adviser or the subadviser to be consistent with the Fund’s overall investment objective and policies. In making such judgment, the potential benefits and risks will be considered in relation to the Fund’s other portfolio investments.

 

Where not specified, investment limitations with respect to the Fund’s derivative instruments will be consistent with such Fund’s existing percentage limitations with respect to its overall investment policies and restrictions. The types of derivative securities in which the Fund is permitted to invest include, but are not limited to, forward commitments, foreign currency contracts, futures contracts, options, and swap agreements.

 

Certain investment transactions expose the Fund to an obligation to make future payments to third parties. Examples of these types of transactions, include, but are not limited to, derivatives such as swaps, futures, forwards, and options. To the extent that the Fund engages in such transactions, the Fund will (to the extent required by applicable law) either (1) segregate cash or liquid assets in the prescribed amount or (2) otherwise “cover” its future obligations under the transaction, such as by holding an offsetting investment. If the Fund segregates sufficient cash or other liquid assets or otherwise covers its obligations under such transactions, the Fund will not consider the transactions to be borrowings for purposes of its investment restrictions or “senior securities” under the 1940 Act, and therefore, such transactions will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement under the 1940 Act otherwise applicable to borrowings by the Fund.

 

In some cases (e.g., with respect to futures and forwards that are contractually required to “cash-settle”), the Fund will segregate cash or other liquid assets with respect to the amount of the daily net (marked-to-market) obligation arising from the transaction, rather than the notional amount of the underlying contract. By segregating assets in an amount equal to the net obligation rather than the notional amount, the Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if it set aside cash or other liquid assets equal to the notional amount of the contract, which may increase the risk associated with such transactions. Whenever the Fund is required to segregate assets for 1940 Act purposes, notations on the books of the Trust’s custodian or fund accounting agent are sufficient to constitute a segregated account.

 

Assets used as segregation or “cover” cannot be sold while the position in the corresponding transaction is open, unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of the Fund’s assets for segregation and “cover” purposes could impede portfolio management or the Fund’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations. Segregating assets or otherwise “covering” for these purposes does not necessarily limit the percentage of the assets of the Fund that may be at risk with respect to certain derivative transactions.

 

Emerging Market Securities

 

Investments in emerging market countries may be subject to additional and potentially higher risks than investments in developed countries or in foreign countries in general. Such additional risks include (i) less social, political and economic stability; (ii) a small market for securities and/or a low or nonexistent volume of trading, which result in a lack of liquidity and in greater price volatility; (iii) foreign exchanges and broker-dealers may be subject to less scrutiny and regulation by local authorities; (iv) certain national policies that may restrict the Fund’s investment opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; (v) foreign taxation; (vi) issuers facing restrictions on U.S. dollar or euro payments imposed by local governments may attempt to make dividend or interest payments to foreign investors in the local currency; (vii) investors may experience difficulty in enforcing legal claims related to the securities and/or local judges may favor the

 

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interests of the issuer over those of foreign investors; (viii) bankruptcy judgments may only be permitted to be paid in the local currency; (ix) limited public information regarding the issuer may result in greater difficulty in determining market valuations of the securities; and (x) infrequent financial reporting, substandard disclosure, and differences in accounting standards may make it difficult to ascertain the financial health of an issuer. In addition, unlike developed countries, many emerging countries’ economic growth rates highly depend on exports and inflows of external capital, making them more vulnerable to downturns of the world economy. Governments in certain developing countries may require that a governmental or quasi-governmental authority act as custodian of the Fund’s assets invested in such country. To the extent such governmental or quasi-governmental authorities do not satisfy the requirements of the 1940 Act with respect to the custody of the Fund’s cash and securities, the Fund’s investment in such countries may be limited or may be required to be effected through intermediaries. The risk of loss through governmental confiscation may be increased in such countries.

 

Many emerging market countries in which the Fund may invest lack the social, political, and economic stability characteristic of the United States. Political instability in emerging market countries can be common and may be caused by an uneven distribution of wealth, social unrest, labor strikes, civil wars, and religious oppression. Economic instability in emerging market countries may take the form of: (i) high interest rates; (ii) high levels of inflation, including hyperinflation; (iii) high levels of unemployment or underemployment; (iv) changes in government economic and tax policies, including confiscatory taxation (or taxes on foreign investments); and (v) imposition of trade barriers.

 

Currencies of emerging market countries are subject to significantly greater risks than currencies of developed countries. Some emerging market currencies may not be internationally traded or may be subject to strict controls by local governments, resulting in undervalued or overvalued currencies. Some emerging market countries have experienced balance of payment deficits and shortages in foreign exchange reserves. As a result, some governments have responded by restricting currency conversions. Future restrictive exchange controls could prevent or restrict a company’s ability to make dividend or interest payments in the original currency of the obligation (usually U.S. dollars). In addition, even though the currencies of some emerging market countries may be convertible into U.S. dollars, the conversion rates may differ from their actual market values.

 

Securities of issuers located in countries with developing securities markets pose greater liquidity risks and other risks than securities of issuers located in developed countries and traded in more established markets. Low liquidity in markets may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to buy and sell securities and cause increased volatility. Developing countries may at various times have less stable political environments than more developed nations. Changes of control may adversely affect the pricing of securities from time to time. Some developing countries may afford only limited opportunities for investing. In certain developing countries, the Fund may be able to invest solely or primarily through ADRs or similar securities and government approved investment vehicles, including closed-end investment companies.

 

The settlement systems in certain emerging markets, including Asian, South American and Eastern European countries, are less developed than those in more established markets. As a result, there may be a risk that settlement may be delayed and that cash or securities of the Fund may be in jeopardy because of failures or of defects in the systems used. In particular, market practice may require that payment be made prior to receipt of the security which is being purchased or that delivery of a security must be made before payment is received. In such cases, default by the executing broker or bank might result in a loss to the Fund investing in emerging market securities.

 

Governments of many emerging market countries have relied on international capital markets and other forms of foreign credit to finance large public spending programs, which has resulted in significant

 

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budget deficits. In certain cases, interest payments have become too overwhelming for these governments to meet, as these payments may represent a large percentage of a country’s total gross domestic product. Accordingly, these foreign obligations have become the subject of political debate and resulted in pressure on governments not to make payments to foreign creditors, but instead to use these funds for social programs. Either due to an inability to pay or submission to political pressure, some governments have been forced to seek a restructuring of their credit obligations, have declared a temporary suspension of interest payments, or have defaulted on their outstanding obligations. These events have adversely affected the values of securities issued by the governments and corporations domiciled in these emerging market countries and have negatively affected not only their costs of borrowing, but also their ability to borrow in the future.

 

Russian Securities

 

Recent events in Ukraine and the Russian Federation may have an adverse impact on the Fund. In response to recent political and military actions undertaken by Russia, the United States and European Union have instituted numerous sanctions against certain Russian officials and Russian entities. These sanctions, and other intergovernmental actions that may be undertaken against Russia in the future, may result in the devaluation of Russian currency, a downgrade in the country’s credit rating, and a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian stocks. These sanctions could result in the immediate freeze of Russian securities, including securities in the form of ADRs, impairing the ability of the fund to buy, sell, receive or deliver those securities. Retaliatory action by the Russian government could involve the seizure of U.S. and/or European residents’ assets and any such actions are likely to impair the value and liquidity of such assets. Any or all of these potential results could push Russia’s economy into a recession. These sanctions, and the continued disruption of the Russian economy, could have a negative effect on the performance of funds that have significant exposure to Russia, including the Fund.

 

Equity Securities

 

Equity securities represent a share of an issuer’s earnings and assets, after the issuer pays its liabilities. The Fund cannot predict the income it will receive from equity securities because issuers generally have discretion as to the payment of any dividends or distributions. However, equity securities offer greater potential for appreciation than many other types of securities, because their value may increase with the value of the issuer’s business. The following describes various types of equity securities in which the Fund invests.

 

Common Stocks

 

Common stocks are the most prevalent type of equity security. Common stocks receive the issuer’s earnings after the issuer pays its creditors and any preferred stockholders. As a result, changes in an issuer’s earnings may influence the value of its common stock.

 

Preferred Stocks

 

Preferred stocks have the right to receive specified dividends or distributions before the issuer makes payments on its common stock. In addition, preferred stockholders have priority over common stockholders as to the proceeds from the liquidation of a company’s assets but are subordinate to the claims of all other creditors. Some preferred stocks also participate in dividends and distributions paid on common stock. Preferred stocks may also permit the issuer to redeem the stock. The Fund may treat such redeemable preferred stock as a fixed income security.

 

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Warrants and Rights

 

Warrants give the Fund the option to buy the issuer’s equity securities at a specified price (the exercise price) at a specified future date (the expiration date). The Fund may buy the designated securities by paying the exercise price before the expiration date. Warrants may become worthless if the price of the stock does not rise above the exercise price by the expiration date. This increases the market risks of warrants as compared to the underlying security.

 

Rights are the same as warrants, except companies typically issue rights to existing stockholders.

 

Exchange-Traded Notes

 

Exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”) are securities that combine aspects of a bond and an exchange-traded fund (“ETF”). ETN returns are based upon the performance of a market index or other reference asset less fees, and can be held to maturity as a debt security. ETNs are traded on a securities exchange. Their value is based on their reference index or strategy and the credit quality of the issuer. ETNs are subject to the additional risk that they may trade at a premium or discount to value attributable to their reference index. When the Fund invests in an ETN, shareholders of the Fund bear their proportionate share of the ETN’s fees and expenses, as well as their share of the Fund’s fees and expenses. There may also not be an active trading market available for some ETNs. Additionally, trading of ETNs may be halted or delisted by the listing exchange under certain circumstances.

 

Fixed Income Securities

 

Fixed income securities represent a loan to the issuer to be repaid at, or under certain circumstances prior to, the specified maturity date, and obligate the issuer to pay interest at a specified rate. The rate may be a fixed percentage of the principal or adjusted periodically. Fixed income securities provide more regular income than equity securities. However, the returns on fixed income securities are limited and normally do not increase with the issuer’s earnings. This limits the potential appreciation of fixed income securities as compared to equity securities.

 

A security’s yield measures the annual income earned on a security as a percentage of its price. A security’s yield will increase or decrease depending upon whether it costs less (a discount) or more (a premium) than the principal amount. If the issuer redeems or calls the security before its scheduled maturity, the price and yield on a discount or premium security may change based upon the probability of an early redemption. Securities with higher risks generally have higher yields.

 

The following describes various types of fixed income securities in which the Fund may invest.

 

Treasury Securities

 

Treasury securities are direct obligations of the U.S. federal government. Treasury securities are generally regarded as having the lowest credit risks.

 

Agency Securities

 

Agency securities are issued or guaranteed by a U.S. federal agency or other government sponsored entity (a “GSE”) acting under federal authority. The U.S. government supports some GSEs with its full faith and credit. Other GSEs receive support through federal subsidies, loans or other benefits. A few GSEs have no explicit financial support, but are regarded as having implied support because the federal government sponsors their activities. Agency securities are generally regarded as having low credit risks, but not as low as treasury securities.

 

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Although a GSE guarantee protects against credit risks, it does not reduce the market and prepayment risks of these mortgage-backed securities.

 

Corporate Debt Securities

 

Corporate debt securities are fixed income securities issued by businesses. Notes, bonds, debentures and commercial paper are the most prevalent types of corporate debt securities. The Fund may also purchase interests in bank loans to companies. The credit risks of corporate debt securities vary widely among issuers.

 

In addition, the credit risk of an issuer’s debt security may vary based on its priority for repayment. For example, higher ranking (senior) debt securities have a higher priority than lower ranking (subordinated) securities. This means that the issuer might not make payments on subordinated securities while continuing to make payments on senior securities. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, holders of senior securities may receive amounts otherwise payable to the holders of subordinated securities. Some subordinated securities, such as trust preferred and capital securities notes, also permit the issuer to defer payments under certain circumstances. For example, insurance companies issue securities known as surplus notes that permit the insurance company to defer any payment that would reduce its capital below regulatory requirements.

 

Foreign Currency Contracts

 

Many international securities in which the Fund may invest will be denominated in foreign currencies. The Fund may engage in certain foreign currency transactions, such as forward foreign currency exchange contracts, to guard against fluctuations in currency exchange rates in relation to the U.S. dollar or to the weighting of particular foreign currencies. In addition, the Fund may buy and sell foreign currency futures contracts and options on foreign currencies and foreign currency futures. The Fund may use such investments for hedging purposes or as otherwise provided in the Prospectus, including for total return purposes. The Fund will not engage in such investments purely for speculative purposes.

 

A forward foreign currency exchange contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. By entering into a forward foreign currency exchange contract, the Fund “locks in” the exchange rate between the currency it will deliver and the currency it will receive for the duration of the contract. As a result, the Fund reduces its exposure to changes in the value of the currency it will deliver and increases its exposure to changes in the value of the currency it will exchange into. Contracts to sell foreign currencies would limit any potential gain which might be realized by the Fund if the value of the hedged currency increases. The Fund may enter into these contracts for the purpose of hedging against foreign exchange risks arising from the Fund’s investment or anticipated investment in securities denominated in foreign currencies. Such hedging transactions may not be successful and may eliminate any chance for the Fund to benefit from favorable fluctuations in relevant foreign currencies. In the case of a forward foreign currency exchange contract, the Fund will segregate cash or liquid securities at least in an amount equal to its obligations under the contract. Whenever the Fund is required to segregate assets for 1940 Act purposes, notations on the books of the Trust’s custodian or fund accounting agent are sufficient to constitute a segregated account. See also “Derivative Instruments.”

 

The Fund may also enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts for purposes of increasing exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one currency to another. To the extent that it does so, the Fund will be subject to the additional risk that the relative value of currencies will be different than anticipated by the particular Fund’s investment adviser

 

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or subadviser. The Fund may use one currency (or a basket of currencies) to hedge against adverse changes in the value of another currency (or a basket of currencies) when exchange rates between the two currencies are positively correlated. The Fund may also use foreign currency futures contracts and related options on currencies for the same reasons for which forward foreign currency exchange contracts are used.

 

The use of currency transactions can result in the Fund incurring losses as a result of a number of factors including the imposition of exchange controls, suspension of settlements, or the inability to deliver or receive a specified currency. 

 

For more information about futures contracts in general, see “Futures Contracts.” 

 

Foreign Securities

 

Foreign securities may subject the Fund to investment risks that differ in some respects from those related to investments in U.S. domestic issuers. Such risks may include: (i) costs in connection with conversions between various currencies; (ii) limited publicly available information regarding foreign issuers; (iii) lack of uniformity in accounting, auditing and financial standards and requirements; (iv) greater securities market volatility; (v) less liquidity of securities; (vi) less government supervision and regulation of securities markets; (vii) future adverse political and economic developments; (viii) the possible imposition of withholding taxes on interest, dividends or other income; (ix) possible seizure, nationalization, or expropriation of foreign deposits; (x) the possible establishment of exchange controls or taxation at the source; (xi) greater fluctuations in value due to changes in exchange rates; or (xii) the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions which might adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on such obligations. Such investments may also entail higher custodial fees and sales commissions than domestic investments. Foreign issuers of securities or obligations are often subject to accounting treatment and engage in business practices different from those with respect to domestic issuers of similar securities or obligations. Foreign banks and foreign branches of U.S. banks may be subject to less stringent reserve requirements than those applicable to domestic branches of U.S. banks. Government regulation in many of the countries of interest to the Fund may limit the extent of the Fund’s investment in companies in those countries. Further, it may be more difficult for the Fund’s agents to keep currently informed about corporate actions that may affect the prices of portfolio securities. Communications between the United States and foreign countries may be less reliable than within the United States, increasing the risk of delayed settlements of portfolio securities. Certain markets may require payment for securities before delivery. The Fund’s ability and decisions to purchase and sell portfolio securities may be affected by laws or regulations relating to the convertibility of currencies and repatriation of assets. Some countries restrict the extent to which foreigners may invest in their securities markets.

 

Investments in securities of foreign issuers are frequently denominated in foreign currencies (including the euro and other multinational currency units) and the value of the Fund’s assets measured in U.S. dollars may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency rates and in exchange control regulations, and the Fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency contracts as a hedge against possible variations in foreign exchange rates or to hedge a specific security transaction or portfolio position. Currently, only a limited market, if any, exists for hedging transactions relating to currencies in emerging markets, including Latin American and Asian markets. This may limit the Fund’s ability to effectively hedge its investments in such markets if it chose to do so.

 

Foreign investments involve risks unique to the local political, economic, and regulatory structures in place, as well as the potential for social instability, military unrest, or diplomatic

 

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developments that could prove adverse to the interests of U.S. investors. Individual foreign economies can differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of payments position. In addition, significant external political and economic risks currently affect some foreign countries. For example, both Taiwan and China still claim sovereignty over one another and there is a demilitarized border and hostile relations between North and South Korea. War and terrorism affect many countries, especially those in Africa and the Middle East. Many countries throughout the world are dependent on a healthy U.S. economy and are adversely affected when the U.S. economy weakens or its markets decline. For example, in 2007 and 2008, the meltdown in the U.S. subprime mortgage market quickly spread throughout global credit markets, triggering a liquidity crisis that affected fixed-income and equity markets around the world. European countries can be significantly affected by the tight fiscal and monetary controls that the European Economic and Monetary Union (“EMU”) imposes for membership. Europe’s economies are diverse, its governments are decentralized, and its cultures vary widely. In addition, the budget issues faced by several EU countries, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and Portugal, may have negative long-term effects for the economies of those countries and other EU countries. There is continued concern about national-level support for the euro and the accompanying coordination of fiscal and wage policy among EMU member countries. Member countries are required to maintain tight control over inflation, public debt, and budget deficit to qualify for membership in the EMU. These requirements can severely limit EMU member countries’ ability to implement monetary policy to address regional economic conditions.

 

Governments in certain foreign countries continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could have a significant effect on market prices of securities and payment of dividends. The economies of many foreign countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly affected by protective trade barriers and economic conditions of their trading partners. The enactment by these trading partners of protectionist trade legislation could have a significant adverse effect upon the securities markets of such countries.

 

In making investment decisions for the Fund, the investment adviser or subadviser evaluates the risks associated with investing Fund assets in a particular country, including risks stemming from a country’s financial infrastructure and settlement practices; the likelihood of expropriation, nationalization or confiscation of invested assets; prevailing or developing custodial practices in the country; the country’s laws and regulations regarding the safekeeping, maintenance and recovery of invested assets; the likelihood of government-imposed exchange control restrictions which could impair the liquidity of Fund assets maintained with custodians in that country; and risks from political acts of foreign governments. An investment adviser’s or subadviser’s decisions regarding these risks may not be correct or may prove to be unwise and any losses resulting from investing in foreign countries will be borne by the Fund.

 

Holding Fund assets in foreign countries presents additional risks including, but not limited to, the risks that a particular foreign custodian or depositary will not exercise proper care with respect to Fund assets or will not have the financial strength or adequate practices and procedures to properly safeguard Fund assets. The Fund may be precluded from investing in certain foreign countries until such time as adequate custodial arrangements can be established.

 

Forward Commitments, When-Issued Securities and Delayed Delivery Transactions

 

The Fund may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis and make contracts to purchase or sell securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond customary settlement time. Securities purchased or sold on a when-issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment basis involve a

 

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risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date. Although the Fund would generally purchase securities on a when-issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment basis with the intention of acquiring the securities, the Fund may dispose of such securities prior to settlement if its investment adviser or subadviser deems it appropriate to do so.

 

The Fund may dispose of or re-negotiate a when-issued or forward commitment after entering into these transactions. The Fund will normally realize a capital gain or loss in connection with these transactions. For purposes of determining the Fund’s average dollar-weighted maturity, the maturity of when-issued or forward commitment securities will be calculated from the commitment date.

 

When the Fund purchases securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis, the Fund will segregate cash or liquid securities having a value (determined daily) at least equal to the amount of the Fund’s purchase commitments. In the case of a forward commitment to sell portfolio securities, the Fund will segregate the portfolio securities while the commitment is outstanding. Whenever the Fund is required to segregate assets for 1940 Act purposes, notations on the books of the Trust’s custodian or fund accounting agent are sufficient to constitute a segregated account. See also “Derivative Instruments.”

 

These procedures are designed to ensure that the Fund will maintain sufficient assets at all times to cover its obligations under when-issued securities, forward commitments and delayed-delivery transactions.

 

Futures Contracts

 

Futures contracts are generally considered to be derivative instruments. Typically, maintaining a futures contract or selling an option thereon requires the Fund to deposit with a financial intermediary as security for its obligations an amount of cash or other specified assets (initial margin) which initially is typically 1% to 10% of the face amount of the contract (but may be higher in some circumstances). Additional cash or assets (variation margin) may be required to be deposited thereafter on a daily basis as the marked to market value of the contract fluctuates.

 

At maturity, a futures contract obligates the Fund to take or make delivery of certain securities or the cash value of a securities index. The Fund may sell a futures contract in order to offset a decrease in the market value of its portfolio securities that might otherwise result from a market decline. The Fund may do so either to hedge the value of its portfolio of securities as a whole, or to protect against declines, occurring prior to sales of securities, in the value of the securities to be sold. Conversely, the Fund may purchase a futures contract in anticipation of purchases of securities. In addition, the Fund may utilize futures contracts in anticipation of changes in the composition of its portfolio holdings or to seek exposure to a particular market or asset class in an attempt to achieve its objective.

 

For federal income tax purposes, some gains derived by the Fund from the use of such instruments will be treated as a combination of short-term and long-term capital gains and, if not offset by realized capital losses incurred by the Fund, will be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders as a combination of ordinary income and long-term capital gain.

 

The Fund may purchase and sell call and put options on futures contracts traded on an exchange or board of trade. When the Fund purchases an option on a futures contract, it has the right to assume a position as a purchaser or seller of a futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time during the option period. When the Fund sells an option on a futures contract, it becomes obligated to purchase or sell a futures contract if the option is exercised. In anticipation of a market advance, the Fund may purchase call options on futures contracts as a substitute for the purchase of futures contracts to hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities that the Fund intends to purchase. Similarly, if the

 

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market is expected to decline, the Fund might purchase put options or sell call options on futures contracts rather than sell futures contracts. In connection with the Fund’s position in a futures contract or option thereon, the Fund will segregate cash or liquid securities or will otherwise cover its position in accordance with applicable requirements of the SEC. Whenever the Fund is required to segregate assets for 1940 Act purposes, notations on the books of the Trust’s custodian or fund accounting agent are sufficient to constitute a segregated account. See also “Derivative Instruments.”

 

The Fund may enter into a contract for the purchase or sale for future delivery of securities, including index contracts. While futures contracts provide for the delivery of securities, deliveries usually do not occur. Contracts are generally terminated by entering into offsetting transactions.

 

The Fund may enter into such futures contracts to protect against the adverse effects of fluctuations in security prices or interest rates without actually buying or selling the securities. For example, if interest rates are expected to increase, the Fund might enter into futures contracts for the sale of debt securities. Such a sale would have much the same effect as selling an equivalent value of the debt securities owned by the Fund. If interest rates did increase, the value of the debt securities in the portfolio would decline, but the value of the futures contracts to the Fund would increase at approximately the same rate, thereby keeping the net asset value of the Fund from declining as much as it otherwise would have. Similarly, when it is expected that interest rates may decline, futures contracts may be purchased to hedge in anticipation of subsequent purchases of securities at higher prices. Since the fluctuations in the value of futures contracts should be similar to those of debt securities, the Fund could take advantage of the anticipated rise in value of debt securities without actually buying them until the market had stabilized. At that time, the futures contracts could be liquidated and the Fund could then buy debt securities on the cash market.

 

A stock index futures contract obligates the seller to deliver (and the purchaser to take) an amount of cash equal to a specific dollar amount times the difference between the value of a specific stock index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the agreement was made. Open futures contracts are valued on a daily basis and the Fund may be obligated to provide or receive cash reflecting any decline or increase in the contract’s value. No physical delivery of the underlying stocks in the index is made in the future.

 

With respect to options on futures contracts, when the Fund is temporarily not fully invested, it may purchase a call option on a futures contract to hedge against a market advance. The purchase of a call option on a futures contract is similar in some respects to the purchase of a call option on an individual security. Depending on the pricing of the option compared to either the price of the futures contract upon which it is based, or the price of the underlying debt securities, it may or may not be less risky than ownership of the futures contract or underlying debt securities. As with the purchase of futures contracts, when the Fund is not fully invested, it may purchase a call option on a futures contract to hedge against a market advance.

 

The writing of a call option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against the declining price of the security or foreign currency that is deliverable upon exercise of the futures contract. If the futures price at the expiration of the option is below the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium which provides a partial hedge against any decline that may have occurred in the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings. The writing of a put option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against the increasing price of the security or foreign currency, which is deliverable upon exercise of the futures contract. If the futures price at the expiration of the option is higher than the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium, which provides a partial hedge against any increase in the price of securities that the Fund intends to purchase.

 

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Call and put options on stock index futures are similar to options on securities except that, rather than the right to purchase or sell stock at a specified price, options on a stock index future give the holder the right to receive cash. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer’s futures margin account, which represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the futures contract. If an option is exercised on the last trading day prior to the expiration date of the option, the settlement will be made entirely in cash equal to the difference between the exercise price of the option and the closing price of the futures contract on the expiration date.

 

If a put or call option which the Fund has written is exercised, the Fund may incur a loss which will be reduced by the amount of the premium it received. Depending on the degree of correlation between changes in the value of its portfolio securities and changes in the value of its options positions, the Fund’s losses from existing options on futures may to some extent be reduced or increased by changes in the value of portfolio securities.

 

To the extent that market prices move in an unexpected direction, the Fund may not achieve the anticipated benefits of futures contracts or options on futures contracts or may realize a loss. For example, if the Fund is hedged against the possibility of an increase in interest rates and interest rates decrease instead, the Fund would lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value, which it has because it would have offsetting losses in its futures position. In addition, in such situations, if the Fund had insufficient cash, it may be required to sell securities from its portfolio to meet daily variation margin requirements. Such sales of securities may, but will not necessarily, be at increased prices which reflect the rising market. The Fund may be required to sell securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.

 

Options on securities, futures contracts, options on futures contracts and options on currencies may be traded on foreign exchanges. Such transactions may not be regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the United States, may not involve a clearing mechanism and related guarantees and are subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in or the prices of foreign securities. Some foreign exchanges may be principal markets so that no common clearing facility exists and a trader may look only to the broker for performance of the contract. The value of such positions also could be adversely affected by: (i) other complex foreign political, legal and economic factors; (ii) lesser availability than in the United States of data on which to make trading decisions; (iii) delays in the Trust’s ability to act upon economic events occurring in foreign markets during non-business hours in the United States; (iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and procedures and margin requirements than in the United States; and (v) lesser trading volume. In addition, unless the Fund hedges against fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which trading is done on foreign exchanges, any profits that the Fund might realize in trading could be eliminated by adverse changes in the exchange rate, or the Fund could incur losses as a result of those changes.

 

Further, with respect to options on futures contracts, the Fund may seek to close out an option position by writing or buying an offsetting position covering the same securities or contracts with the same exercise price and expiration date. The ability to establish and close out positions on options will be subject to the maintenance of a liquid secondary market, which cannot be assured.

 

Illiquid Securities

 

The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in securities that are illiquid. Securities are generally considered illiquid if they cannot be disposed of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the price at which the Fund values the security. Illiquid securities will generally include but are not limited to: insurance funding agreements, repurchase agreements and time deposits

 

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with notice; termination dates in excess of seven days; unlisted over-the-counter (“OTC”) options; swap agreements, interest rate caps, floors and collars; and certain securities which are subject to trading restrictions because they are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act). Foreign securities that are restricted as to resale in the U.S., but are freely tradable in their local market, are not considered illiquid.

 

Investment Company Shares

 

Investments by the Fund in other investment companies, including closed-end funds and ETFs, will be subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and in certain circumstances SEC exemptive orders. By investing in securities of an investment company, Fund shareholders will indirectly bear the fees and expenses of that investment company in addition to the Fund’s own fees and expenses. The Fund may rely on SEC orders that permit them to invest in certain investment companies beyond the limits contained in the 1940 Act, subject to certain terms and conditions of those orders. Pursuant to SEC rules, the Fund may invest in shares of affiliated and unaffiliated money market funds. The risks of investment in other investment companies typically reflect the risks of the types of securities in which those other investment companies invest.

 

        Open-End Mutual Funds

 

Open-end mutual funds are investment companies that issue new shares continuously and redeem shares daily. The risks of investment of open-end mutual funds typically reflect securities in which the funds invest. The net asset value per share of an open-end fund will fluctuate daily depending upon the performance of the securities held by the fund. Open-end mutual funds are offered in a wide variety of asset classes including: large-cap, mid-cap, small-cap, equity, international, sector, fixed-income and alternative non-traditional strategies. Each type of fund may have a different investment objective and strategy and different investment portfolio. Different funds may also be subject to different risks, volatility and fees and expenses. When the Fund invests in shares of an open-end fund, shareholders of the Fund bear their proportionate share of the open-end fund’s fees and expenses, as well as their share of the Fund’s fees and expenses.

 

        Exchange-Traded Funds

 

ETFs are typically organized as open-end investment companies or unit investment trusts. ETFs are traded on exchanges similar to stocks. A passive ETF is an investment company that seeks to track the performance of an index (before fees and expenses) by holding in its portfolio either the securities that comprise the index or a representative sample of the securities in the index. An actively managed ETF is an investment company that seeks to outperform the performance of an index. ETFs offer investment in a wide variety of asset classes, including: large-cap, mid-cap, small-cap, equity, international, commodities, real estate, fixed income, derivatives and currency.

 

Unlike interests in conventional mutual funds, ETFs are traded throughout the day on a national securities exchange, whereas mutual fund interests are typically only bought and sold at closing net asset values. ETFs are designed to be tradable in the secondary market on a national securities exchange on an intra-day basis, and to be created and redeemed principally in-kind in large blocks (typically 50,000 shares), called creation units, at each day’s next calculated net asset value. The in-kind creation or redemption is for a portfolio of the underlying securities of the ETF. There may also be a cash component. These arrangements are designed to protect ongoing shareholders from adverse effects on the portfolio of the ETF that could arise from frequent cash creation and redemption transactions. In a conventional mutual fund, redemptions can have an adverse tax impact on taxable shareholders because of the mutual fund’s need to sell portfolio securities to obtain cash to meet fund redemptions. These sales may generate taxable gains for the shareholders of the mutual fund, whereas an ETF’s in-kind redemption

 

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mechanism generally will not lead to a federal income tax event for the Fund or its ongoing shareholders. The Fund does not intend to purchase and redeem creation units, but intends to purchase and sell ETFs primarily through national securities exchanges.

 

There is a risk that the ETFs in which the Fund invests may terminate due to extraordinary events that may cause any of the service providers to the ETFs, such as the trustee or sponsor, to close or otherwise fail to perform their obligations to the ETF. Also, because the ETFs in which the Fund intends to principally invest may be granted licenses by agreement to use the indices as a basis for determining their compositions and/or otherwise to use certain trade names, the ETFs may terminate if such license agreements are terminated. In addition, an ETF may terminate if its entire net asset value falls below a certain amount. Although the Fund believes that, in the event of the termination of an underlying ETF, they will be able to invest instead in shares of an alternate ETF tracking the same market index or another market index with the same general market, there is no guarantee that shares of an alternate ETF would be available for investment at that time. Unlike many investment companies, many ETFs are not currently “actively” managed. Thus, an ETF would not necessarily sell a security because the security’s issuer was in financial trouble unless that security is removed from the index.

 

        Closed-End Funds

 

Closed-end funds are investment companies that typically issue a fixed number of shares that trade on a securities exchange or OTC. The risks of investing in closed-end funds typically reflect the risks of the types of securities in which the funds invest. Investments in closed-end funds are subject to the additional risk that shares of the fund may trade at a premium or discount to their net asset value per share. In addition, closed-end fund shares may be halted or delisted by the listing exchange. Closed-end funds come in many varieties and can have different investment objectives, strategies and investment portfolios. They also can be subject to different risks, volatility and fees and expenses. When the Fund invests in shares of a closed-end fund, shareholders of the Fund bear their proportionate share of the closed-end fund’s fees and expenses, as well as their share of the Fund’s fees and expenses.

 

Money Market Instruments

 

Money market instruments include but are not limited to the following: short-term corporate obligations, Certificates of Deposit (“CDs”), Eurodollar Certificates of Deposit (“Euro CDs”), Yankee Certificates of Deposit (“Yankee CDs”), foreign bankers’ acceptances, foreign commercial paper, letter of credit-backed commercial paper, time deposits, loan participations (“LPs”), variable- and floating-rate instruments, separately traded interest and principal securities (“STRIPS”) and master demand notes. Bank obligations may include bankers’ acceptances, negotiable certificates of deposit and non-negotiable time deposits earning a specified return, issued for a definite period of time by a U.S. bank that is a member of the Federal Reserve System or is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), or by a savings and loan association or savings bank that is insured by the FDIC. Bank obligations also include U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of foreign branches of U.S. banks or of U.S. branches of foreign banks, all of the same type as domestic bank obligations. Investments in bank obligations are limited to the obligations of financial institutions having more than $1 billion in total assets at the time of purchase.

 

Domestic and foreign banks are subject to extensive but different government regulations, which may limit the amount and types of their loans and the interest rates that may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the banking industry is largely dependent upon the availability and cost of funds to finance lending operations and the quality of underlying bank assets.

 

Investments in obligations of foreign branches of U.S. banks and of U.S. branches of foreign banks may subject the Fund to additional investment risks, including future political and economic

 

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developments, possible imposition of withholding taxes on interest income, possible seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, possible establishment of exchange controls or the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions which might adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on such obligations. In addition, foreign branches of U.S. banks and U.S. branches of foreign banks may be subject to less stringent reserve requirements and to different accounting, auditing, reporting and record keeping standards than those applicable to domestic branches of U.S. banks. Investments in the obligations of U.S. branches of foreign banks or foreign branches of U.S. banks will be made only when the investment adviser or subadviser believes that the credit risk with respect to the investment is minimal.

 

Euro CDs, Yankee CDs and foreign bankers’ acceptances involve risks that are different from investments in securities of U.S. banks. The major risk, which is sometimes referred to as “sovereign risk,” pertains to possible future unfavorable political and economic developments, possible withholding taxes, seizures of foreign deposits, currency controls, interest limitations or other governmental restrictions which might affect payment of principal or interest. Investment in foreign commercial paper also involves risks that are different from investments in securities of commercial paper issued by U.S. companies. Non-U.S. securities markets generally are not as developed or efficient as those in the United States Such securities may be less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. corporations. Non-U.S. issuers are not generally subject to uniform accounting and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. issuers. In addition, there may be less public information available about foreign banks, their branches and other issuers.

 

Time deposits usually trade at a premium over Treasuries of the same maturity. Investors regard such deposits as carrying some credit risk, which Treasuries may not. Also, investors regard time deposits as being sufficiently less liquid than Treasuries; hence, investors demand some extra yield for buying time deposits rather than Treasuries.

 

Commercial paper may include variable- and floating-rate instruments, which are unsecured instruments that permit the interest on indebtedness thereunder to vary. Variable-rate instruments provide for periodic adjustments in the interest rate. Floating-rate instruments provide for automatic adjustment of the interest rate whenever some other specified interest rate changes. Some variable- and floating-rate obligations are direct lending arrangements between the purchaser and the issuer and there may be no active secondary market. However, in the case of variable- and floating-rate obligations with the demand feature, the Fund may demand payment of principal and accrued interest at a time specified in the instrument or may resell the instrument to a third party. In the event an issuer of a variable- or floating-rate obligation defaulted on its payment obligation, the Fund might be unable to dispose of the note because of the absence of a secondary market and could, for this or other reasons, suffer a loss to the extent of the default. Substantial holdings of variable- and floating-rate instruments could reduce portfolio liquidity.

 

Options

 

A call option enables the purchaser, in return for the premium paid, to purchase securities from the writer of the option at an agreed price up to an agreed date. The advantage is that the purchaser may hedge against an increase in the price of securities it ultimately wishes to buy or may take advantage of a rise in a particular index. Except as otherwise provided in the Prospectus or in this SAI, the Fund will only purchase call options to the extent that the premiums paid on all outstanding call options do not exceed 20% of such Fund’s total assets. The Fund will only sell or write call options on a covered basis (e.g., on securities it holds in its portfolio). A put option enables the purchaser of the option, in return for the premium paid, to sell the security underlying the option to the writer at the exercise price during the option period. The writer of the option has the obligation to purchase the security from the purchaser of

 

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the option. The advantage is that the purchaser can be protected should the market value of the security decline or should a particular index decline. Except as otherwise provided in the Prospectus or in this SAI, the Fund will only purchase put options to the extent that the premiums on all outstanding put options do not exceed 20% of that Fund’s total assets. The Fund will only write put options on a secured basis. Cash or other collateral will be segregated by the Fund for such options. Whenever the Fund is required to segregate assets for 1940 Act purposes, notations on the books of the Trust’s custodian or fund accounting agent are sufficient to constitute a segregated account. The Fund will receive premium income from writing put options, although it may be required, when the put is exercised, to purchase securities at higher prices than the current market price. At the time of purchase, the Fund will receive premium income from writing call options, which may offset the cost of purchasing put options and may also contribute to that Fund’s total return. The Fund may lose potential market appreciation if the judgment of its investment adviser or subadviser is incorrect with respect to interest rates, security prices or the movement of indices. See also “Derivative Instruments.”

 

An option on a securities index gives the purchaser of the option, in return for the premium paid, the right to receive cash from the seller equal to the difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the option.

 

Closing transactions essentially let the Fund offset put options or call options prior to exercise or expiration. If the Fund cannot effect a closing transaction, it may have to hold a security it would otherwise sell, or deliver a security it might want to hold.

 

The Fund may use exchange-traded options, and as permitted by law, options traded OTC. It is the position of the SEC that OTC options are illiquid. Accordingly, the Fund will invest in such options only to the extent consistent with its 15% limit on investments in illiquid securities.

 

Options are generally considered to be derivative securities. Options may relate to particular securities, stock indices or financial instruments, they may or may not be listed on a national securities exchange and they may or may not be issued by the Options Clearing Corporation. Options trading is a highly specialized activity which entails greater than ordinary investment risk. Options on particular securities may be more volatile than the underlying securities, and on a percentage basis, an investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment in the underlying securities themselves.

 

The Fund will write call options only if they are “covered.” In the case of a call option on a security, the option is “covered” if the Fund owns the security underlying the call or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security without additional cash consideration (or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or liquid securities in such amount will be segregated by the Fund) upon conversion or exchange of other securities held by it. For a call option on an index, the option is covered if the Fund maintains with its custodian a diversified stock portfolio or liquid assets equal to the contract value.

 

A call option is also covered if the Fund holds a call on the same security or index as the call written where the exercise price of the call held is (i) equal to or less than the exercise price of the call written or (ii) greater than the exercise price of the call written provided the difference is maintained by the Fund in cash or liquid securities in a segregated account with its custodian or fund accounting agent. The Fund will write put options only if they are “secured” by liquid assets maintained in a segregated account by the Trust’s custodian or fund accounting agent in an amount not less than the exercise price of the option at all times during the option period. Whenever the Fund is required to segregate assets for 1940 Act purposes, notations on the books of the Trust’s custodian or fund accounting agent are sufficient to constitute a segregated account. See also “Derivative Instruments.” The Fund’s obligation to sell a security subject to a covered call option written by it, or to purchase a security subject to a secured put option written by it, may be terminated prior to the expiration date of the option by the Fund’s execution

 

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of a closing purchase transaction, which is effected by purchasing on an exchange an option of the same series as the previously written option. Such a purchase does not result in the ownership of an option. A closing purchase transaction will ordinarily be effected to realize a profit on an outstanding option, to prevent an underlying security from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying security or to permit the writing of a new option containing different terms on such underlying security. The cost of such a liquidation purchase plus transaction costs may be greater than the premium received upon the original option, in which event the Fund will have incurred a loss in the transaction.

 

There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option. An option writer, unable to effect a closing purchase transaction, will not be able to sell the underlying security (in the case of a covered call option) or liquidate the segregated securities (in the case of a secured put option) until the option expires or the optioned security is delivered upon exercise with the result that the writer in such circumstances will be subject to the risk of market decline or appreciation in the security during such period.

 

Purchasing Call Options. Except as otherwise provided in the Fund’s Prospectus or in this SAI, each Fund may purchase call options only to the extent that premiums paid by the Fund do not aggregate more than 20% of the Fund’s total assets. When the Fund purchases a call option, in return for a premium paid by the Fund to the writer of the option, the Fund obtains the right to buy the security underlying the option at a specified exercise price at any time during the term of the option. The writer of the call option, who receives the premium upon writing the option, has the obligation, upon exercise of the option, to deliver the underlying security against payment of the exercise price. The advantage of purchasing call options is that the Fund may alter portfolio characteristics and modify portfolio maturities without incurring the cost associated with transactions, except the cost of the option.

 

Following the purchase of a call option, the Fund may liquidate its position by effecting a closing sale transaction by selling an option of the same series as the option previously purchased. The Fund will realize a profit from a closing sale transaction if the price received on the transaction is more than the premium paid to purchase the original call option; the Fund will realize a loss from a closing sale transaction if the price received on the transaction is less than the premium paid to purchase the original call option.

 

Although the Fund will generally purchase only those call options for which there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange will exist for any particular option, or at any particular time, and for some options no secondary market on an exchange may exist. In such event, it may not be possible to effect closing transactions in particular options, with the result that the Fund would have to exercise its options in order to realize any profit and would incur brokerage commissions upon the exercise of such options and upon the subsequent disposition of the underlying securities acquired through the exercise of such options. Further, unless the price of the underlying security changes sufficiently, a call option purchased by the Fund may expire without any value to the Fund, in which event the Fund would realize a capital loss which will be short-term unless the option was held for more than one year.

 

Covered Call Writing. The Fund may write covered call options from time to time on such portions of its portfolio, without limit, as the investment adviser or subadviser determines is appropriate in pursuing the Fund’s investment objective. The advantage to the Fund of writing covered calls is that the Fund receives a premium that may provide additional income. However, if the security rises in value, the Fund may not fully participate in the market appreciation.

 

During the option period, a covered call option writer may be assigned an exercise notice by the broker-dealer, through whom such call option was sold, requiring the writer to deliver the underlying security against payment of the exercise price. This obligation is terminated upon the expiration of the

 

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option or upon entering a closing purchase transaction. A closing purchase transaction, in which the Fund, as writer of an option, terminates its obligation by purchasing an option of the same series as the option previously written, cannot be effected with respect to an option once the option writer has received an exercise notice for such option.

 

Closing purchase transactions will ordinarily be effected to realize a profit on an outstanding call option, to prevent an underlying security from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying security or to enable the Fund to write another call option on the underlying security with either a different exercise price or expiration date or both. The Fund may realize a net gain or loss from a closing purchase transaction depending upon whether the net amount of the original premium received on the call option is more or less than the cost of effecting the closing purchase transaction. Any loss incurred in a closing purchase transaction may be partially or entirely offset by the premium received from a sale of a different call option on the same underlying security. Such a loss may also be wholly or partially offset by unrealized appreciation in the market value of the underlying security. Conversely, a gain resulting from a closing purchase transaction could be offset in whole or in part by a decline in the market value of the underlying security.

 

If a call option expires unexercised, the Fund will realize a short-term capital gain in the amount of the premium on the option less the commission paid. Such a gain, however, may be offset by depreciation in the market value of the underlying security during the option period if such security is sold or there is another recognition event. If a call option is exercised, the Fund will realize a gain or loss from the sale of the underlying security equal to the difference between the cost of the underlying security and the proceeds of the sale of the security plus the amount of the premium on the option less the commission paid.

 

The Fund will write call options only on a covered basis, which means that the Fund will own the underlying security subject to a call option at all times during the option period. Unless a closing purchase transaction is effected, the Fund would be required to continue to hold a security which it might otherwise wish to sell, or deliver a security it would want to hold. The exercise price of a call option may be below, equal to, or above the current market value of the underlying security at the time the option is written.

 

Purchasing Put Options. Except as otherwise provided in the Fund’s Prospectus or in this SAI, the Fund will purchase put options only to the extent that the premiums on all outstanding put options do not exceed 20% of the Fund’s total assets. Except as otherwise provided in the Prospectus or in this SAI, with regard to the writing of put options, each Fund will limit the aggregate value of the obligations underlying such put options to 50% of its total assets. The purchase of the put option on substantially identical securities held by the Fund will constitute a short sale for federal income tax purposes, which may result in a short-term capital gain on the sale of the security if such substantially identical securities were held by that Fund for not more than one year as of the date of the short sale or were acquired by that Fund after the short sale and on or before the closing date of the short sale.

 

A put option purchased by the Fund gives it the right to sell one of its securities for an agreed price up to an agreed date. The Fund may purchase put options in order to protect against a decline in the market value of the underlying security below the exercise price less the premium paid for the option (“protective puts”). The ability to purchase put options allows the Fund to protect unrealized gains in an appreciated security in its portfolio without actually selling the security. If the security does not drop in value, the Fund will lose the value of the premium paid. The Fund may sell a put option which it has previously purchased prior to the sale of the securities underlying such option. Such sale will result in a net gain or loss depending on whether the amount received on the sale is more or less than the premium and other transaction costs paid on the put option.

 

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The Fund may sell a put option purchased on individual portfolio securities. Additionally, the Fund may enter into closing sale transactions. A closing sale transaction is one in which the Fund, when it is the holder of an outstanding option, liquidates its position by selling an option of the same series as the option previously purchased.

 

Writing Put Options. The Fund may also write put options on a secured basis which means that the Fund will segregate liquid assets with its custodian or fund accounting agent in an amount not less than the exercise price of the option at all times during the option period. Whenever the Fund is required to segregate assets, notations on the books of the Trust’s custodian or fund accounting agent are sufficient to constitute a segregated account. The amount of liquid assets held in the segregated account will be adjusted on a daily basis to reflect changes in the market value of the securities covered by the put option written by the Fund. Secured put options will generally be written in circumstances where the investment adviser or subadviser wishes to purchase the underlying security for the Fund’s portfolio at a price lower than the current market price of the security. In such event, the Fund would write a secured put option at an exercise price which, reduced by the premium received on the option, reflects the lower price it is willing to pay. See also “Derivative Instruments.”

 

Following the writing of a put option, the Fund may wish to terminate the obligation to buy the security underlying the option by effecting a closing purchase transaction. This is accomplished by buying an option of the same series as the option previously written. However, the Fund may not effect such a closing transaction after it has been notified of the exercise of the option.

 

Foreign Currency Options. The Fund may buy or sell put and call options on foreign currencies either on exchanges or in the OTC market. A put option on a foreign currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell a foreign currency at the exercise price until the option expires. A call option on a foreign currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to purchase the currency at the exercise price until the option expires. Currency options traded on U.S. or other exchanges may be subject to position limits that may limit the ability of the Fund to reduce foreign currency risk using such options.

 

Publicly Traded Partnerships. Publicly traded partnerships are generally limited partnerships (or limited liability companies), the units of which may be listed and traded on a securities exchange or are readily tradable on a secondary market (or its substantial equivalent). The Funds may invest in publicly traded partnerships that are treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes, subject to certain limitations contained in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), for qualification as a regulated investment company. These include master limited partnerships (“MLPs”) and other entities qualifying under limited exceptions in the Code. Many MLPs derive income and gain from the exploration, development, mining or production, processing, refining, transportation or marketing of any mineral or natural resource or from real property. The value of MLP units fluctuates predominantly based on prevailing market conditions and the success of the MLP. The Funds may purchase common units of a MLP on an exchange as well as directly from the MLP or other parties in private placements. Unlike owners of common stock of a corporation, owners of common units of a MLP have limited voting rights and have no ability to annually elect directors. MLPs generally distribute all available cash flow (cash flow from operations less maintenance capital expenditures) in the form of quarterly distributions, but a Fund will be required to include in its taxable income its allocable share of the MLP’s income regardless of whether any distributions are made by the MLP. Thus, if the distributions received by a Fund are less than that Fund’s allocable share of the MLP’s income, the Fund may be required to sell other securities so that it may satisfy the requirements to qualify as a regulated investment company and avoid federal income and excise taxes. Common units typically have priority as to minimum quarterly distributions. In the event of liquidation, common units have preference over subordinated units, but not debt or preferred units, to the remaining assets of the MLP.

 

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An investment in MLP units involves some risks that differ from an investment in the common stock of a corporation. Holders of MLP units have limited control and voting rights on matters affecting the partnership. Holders of MLP units of a particular MLP are also exposed to a remote possibility of liability for the obligations of that MLP under limited circumstances not expected to be applicable to the Funds. A Fund will not acquire any interests in MLPs that are believed to expose the assets of a Fund to liabilities incurred by the MLP. In addition, the value of a Fund’s investment in MLPs depends largely on the MLPs being treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes. If an MLP does not meet certain federal income tax requirements to maintain partnership status, or if it is unable to do so because of tax law changes, it would be taxed as a corporation. In that case, the MLP would be obligated to pay income tax at the entity level and distributions received by a Fund generally would be taxed as dividend income. As a result, there could be a reduction in a Fund’s cash flow and there could be a material decrease in the value of that Fund’s shares.

 

Real Estate Investment Trusts

 

Securities of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) may be affected by changes in the value of their underlying properties and by defaults by borrowers or tenants. Mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of the credit extended. Furthermore, REITs are dependent on specialized management skills. Some REITs may have limited diversification and may be subject to risks inherent in investments in a limited number of properties, in a narrow geographic area, or in a single property type. REITs depend generally on their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions to shareholders or unitholders, and may be subject to defaults by borrowers and to self-liquidations. Investment in REITs may subject the Fund to risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate, such as decreases in real estate values, overbuilding, increased competition and other risks related to local or general economic conditions, increases in operating costs and property taxes, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, possible environmental liabilities, regulatory limitations on rent and fluctuations in rental income. Equity REITs generally experience these risks directly through fee or leasehold interests, whereas mortgage REITs generally experience these risks indirectly through mortgage interests unless the mortgage REIT forecloses on the underlying real estate. Changes in interest rates may also affect the value of the Fund’s investment in REITs. Rising interest rates may cause the value of the REIT securities in which the Fund may invest to fall. Conversely, falling interest rates may cause their value to rise. Changes in the value of portfolio securities does not necessarily affect cash income derived from these securities but may affect the Fund’s net asset value. In addition, the performance of a REIT may be affected by its failure to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Code, or its failure to maintain exemption from registration under the 1940 Act.

 

Repurchase Agreements

 

The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements pursuant to which the Fund purchases portfolio assets from a bank or broker-dealer concurrently with an agreement by the seller to repurchase the same assets from the Fund at a later date at a fixed price. If the seller should default on its obligation to repurchase the underlying security, the Fund may experience delay or difficulty in exercising its right to realize upon the security. Additionally, the Fund may incur a loss if the value of the security should decline, as well as disposition costs in liquidating the security.

 

The repurchase price generally equals the price paid by the Fund plus interest negotiated on the basis of current short-term rates (which may be more or less than the rate on the securities underlying the repurchase agreement).

 

The financial institutions with which the Fund may enter into repurchase agreements are banks and non-bank dealers of U.S. government securities that are listed on the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s list of reporting dealers and banks, if such banks and non-bank dealers are deemed creditworthy

 

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by the investment adviser or subadviser. The investment adviser or subadviser will continue to monitor the creditworthiness of the seller under a repurchase agreement and will require the seller to maintain during the term of the agreement the value of the securities subject to the agreement at not less than the repurchase price.

 

Restricted Securities

 

The Fund will limit investments in securities of issuers which the Fund is restricted from selling to the public without registration under the 1933 Act to no more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets, excluding restricted securities eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A or Regulation S under the 1933 Act, that have been deemed to be liquid pursuant to guidelines adopted by the Board. Securities of foreign issuers that are restricted as to resale in the U.S., but are freely tradable in their local market, are not subject to this restriction.

 

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

 

Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by the Fund pursuant to the Fund’s agreement to repurchase the securities at an agreed upon price, date and rate of interest. During the reverse repurchase agreement period, the Fund continues to receive principal and interest payments on these securities. Such agreements are considered to be borrowings under the 1940 Act and may be entered into only for temporary or emergency purposes. While reverse repurchase transactions are outstanding, the Fund will segregate cash or liquid securities in an amount at least equal to the market value of the securities, plus accrued interest. (Liquid securities as used in the Prospectus and this SAI include equity securities and debt securities that are unencumbered and marked-to-market daily.) Whenever the Fund is required to segregate assets for 1940 Act purposes, notations on the books of the Trust’s custodian or fund accounting agent are sufficient to constitute a segregated account. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities sold by the Fund may decline below the price at which the Fund is obligated to repurchase such securities. See also “Derivative Instruments.”

 

Royalty Income Trusts

 

A royalty income trust is a trust whose securities are listed on a securities exchange, generally in Canada or the United States and that typically passively manage royalties and net working interests in oil-, gas- or mineral-producing properties and rely on outside drilling or mining companies to extract the resources.

 

Royalty income trusts generally pay out to unit holders the majority of the cash flow that they receive from the production and sale of underlying oil, gas or mineral reserves. The amount of distributions paid on royalty income trust units will vary from time to time based on production levels, commodity prices, royalty rates and certain expenses, deductions and costs, as well as on the distribution payout ratio policies adopted. As a result of distributing the bulk of their cash flow to unitholders, the ability of a royalty income trust to finance internal growth through exploration is limited. Royalty income trusts generally grow through acquisition of additional oil and gas properties or producing companies with proven reserves of oil, gas or other minerals funded through the issuance of additional equity or, where the trust is able, additional debt. Royalty income trusts are exposed to many of the same risks as energy and natural resources companies, such as commodity pricing risk, supply and demand risk and depletion and exploration risk.

  

21
 

 

Rule 144A Securities

 

The Fund may purchase securities which are not registered under the 1933 Act but which can be sold to “qualified institutional buyers” in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. This investment practice could have the effect of increasing the level of illiquidity in the Fund during any period that qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in purchasing these restricted securities. Rule 144A securities will not be considered illiquid unless it is determined by the investment adviser or subadviser, under guidelines approved by the Board, that an adequate trading market does not exist for these securities.

 

Securities Lending

 

The Fund may seek additional income at times by lending its portfolio securities to broker-dealers and financial institutions provided that: (1) the loan is secured by collateral that is continuously maintained in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned, (2) the Fund may call the loan at any time with proper notice and receive the securities loaned, (3) the Fund will continue to receive interest and/or dividends paid on the loaned securities and may simultaneously earn interest on the investment of any cash collateral, and (4) the aggregate market value of all securities loaned by the Fund will not at any time exceed 25% of the total assets of the Fund.

 

Collateral will normally consist of cash or cash equivalents, securities issued by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities or irrevocable letters of credit. Securities lending by the Fund involves the risk that the borrower may fail to return the loaned securities or maintain the proper amount of collateral. Therefore, the Fund will only enter into such lending after a review by the investment adviser or subadviser of the borrower’s financial statements, reports and other information as may be necessary to evaluate the creditworthiness of the borrower. Such reviews will be conducted on an ongoing basis as long as the loan is outstanding.

 

Short-Term Trading

 

Securities may be sold in anticipation of a market decline or purchased in anticipation of a market rise and later sold. In addition, a security may be sold and another purchased at approximately the same time to take advantage of what the Fund believes to be a temporary disparity in the normal yield relationship between the two securities. Such trading may be expected to increase the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate and the expenses incurred in connection with such trading and may result in recognition of greater levels of short-term capital gain, which is taxed for federal income tax purposes to shareholders as ordinary income when distributed by the Fund.

 

Swap Agreements

 

The Fund may enter into interest rate, index, equity and currency exchange rate swap agreements. These transactions would be entered into in an attempt to obtain a particular return when it is considered desirable to do so, possibly at a lower cost to the Fund than if the Fund had invested directly in the asset that yielded the desired return. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to more than one year. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments, which may be adjusted for an interest factor. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a “notional amount,” i.e., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign currency, or in a “basket” of securities representing a particular index.

 

22
 

 

It is expected that the obligations of parties to swap agreements to be entered into by the Fund would be calculated on a “net basis.” Consequently, the Fund’s current obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the “net amount”). The Fund’s current obligations under a swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against amounts owed to the Fund) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered by the maintenance of a segregated account consisting of liquid assets to limit any potential leveraging of the Fund’s portfolio. Whenever the Fund is required to segregate assets for 1940 Act purposes, notations on the books of the Trust’s custodian or fund accounting agent are sufficient to constitute a segregated account. See also “Derivative Instruments.”

 

Obligations under swap agreements so covered will not be construed to be “senior securities” for purposes of the Fund’s investment restriction concerning senior securities. Except as otherwise indicated in the Fund’s Prospectus or in this SAI, the Fund will not enter into a swap agreement with any single party if the net amount owed or to be received under existing contracts with that party would exceed 5% of the Fund’s assets.

 

Whether the Fund’s use of swap agreements will be successful in furthering its investment objective will depend on the investment adviser’s or the subadviser’s ability to correctly predict whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments. Because they are two-party contracts and because they may have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid investments. Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The Fund will enter into swap agreements only with counterparties that meet certain standards for creditworthiness (generally, such counterparties would have to be eligible counterparties under the terms of the Fund’s repurchase agreement guidelines). Certain restrictions imposed by the Code for qualification as a regulated investment company may limit the Fund’s ability to use swap agreements.

 

Potential Government Regulation of Derivatives

 

It is possible that government regulation of various types of derivative instruments, including futures and swap agreements, may limit or prevent the Fund from using such instruments as a part of its investment strategy, and could ultimately prevent the Fund from being able to achieve its investment objective. It is impossible to predict fully the effects of legislation and regulation in this area, but the effects could be substantial and adverse.

 

The futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations, and margin requirements. The SEC, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and the exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency, including, for example, the implementation or reduction of speculative position limits, the implementation of higher margin requirements, the establishment of daily price limits and the suspension of trading.

 

The regulation of swaps and futures transactions in the U.S. is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action. There is a possibility of future regulatory changes altering, perhaps to a material extent, the nature of an investment in the Fund or the ability of the Fund to continue to implement its investment strategies. In particular, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), which was signed into law in July 2010, sets forth a new legislative framework for OTC derivatives, such as swaps, in which the Fund may invest. Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act makes broad changes to the OTC derivatives market, grants

 

23
 

 

significant new authority to the SEC and the CFTC to regulate OTC derivatives and market participants, and will require clearing of many OTC derivatives transactions.

 

Under recently adopted rules and regulations, transactions in some types of swaps (including interest rate swaps and credit default swaps on North American and European indices) are required to be centrally cleared. In a transaction involving those swaps (“cleared derivatives”), the Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house, rather than a bank or broker. Since the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only clearing members can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund will hold cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives transactions, the Fund will make payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through its accounts at clearing members. Clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house.

 

In many ways, cleared derivative arrangements are less favorable to mutual funds than bilateral arrangements. For example, the Fund may be required to provide more margin for cleared derivatives transactions than for bilateral derivatives transactions. Also, in contrast to a bilateral derivatives transaction, following a period of notice to the Fund, a clearing member generally can require termination of an existing cleared derivatives transaction at any time or an increase in margin requirements above the margin that the clearing member required at the beginning of a transaction. Clearing houses also have broad rights to increase margin requirements for existing transactions or to terminate those transactions at any time. Any increase in margin requirements or termination of existing cleared derivatives transactions by the clearing member or the clearing house could interfere with the ability of the Fund to pursue its investment strategy. Further, any increase in margin requirements by a clearing member could expose the Fund to greater credit risk to its clearing member, because margin for cleared derivatives transactions in excess of a clearing house’s margin requirements typically is held by the clearing member. Also, the Fund is subject to risk if it enters into a derivatives transaction that is required to be cleared (or that the investment adviser or subadviser expects to be cleared), and no clearing member is willing or able to clear the transaction on the Fund’s behalf. In those cases, the transaction might have to be terminated, and the Fund could lose some or all of the benefit of the transaction, including loss of an increase in the value of the transaction and/or loss of hedging protection. In addition, the documentation governing the relationship between the Fund and clearing members is drafted by the clearing members and generally is less favorable to the Fund than typical bilateral derivatives documentation. For example, documentation relating to cleared derivatives generally includes a one-way indemnity by the Fund in favor of the clearing member for losses the clearing member incurs as the Fund’s clearing member and typically does not provide the Fund any remedies if the clearing member defaults or becomes insolvent.

 

Some types of cleared derivatives are required to be executed on an exchange or on a swap execution facility. A swap execution facility is a trading platform where multiple market participants can execute derivatives by accepting bids and offers made by multiple other participants in the platform. While this execution requirement is designed to increase transparency and liquidity in the cleared derivatives market, trading on a swap execution facility can create additional costs and risks for the Fund. For example, swap execution facilities typically charge fees, and if the Fund executes derivatives on a swap execution facility through a broker intermediary, the intermediary may impose fees as well. Also, the Fund may indemnify a swap execution facility, or a broker intermediary who executes cleared derivatives on a swap execution facility on the Fund’s behalf, against any losses or costs that may be incurred as a result of the Fund’s transactions on the swap execution facility.

 

These and other new rules and regulations could, among other things, further restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in, or increase the cost to the Fund of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of derivatives no longer available to the Fund, increasing margin or capital requirements, or otherwise limiting liquidity or increasing transaction costs. These regulations are new and evolving, so

 

24
 

 

their potential impact on the Fund and the financial system are not yet known. While the new regulations and central clearing of some derivatives transactions are designed to reduce systemic risk (i.e., the risk that the interdependence of large derivatives dealers could cause them to suffer liquidity, solvency or other challenges simultaneously), there is no assurance that the new clearing mechanisms will achieve that result, and in the meantime, as noted above, central clearing and related requirements expose the Fund to new kinds of risks and costs.

 

Temporary Defensive Positioning

 

The investments and strategies described throughout the Prospectus are those the subadviser intends to use under normal circumstances. When the subadviser determines that market or other conditions warrant, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in money market instruments or hold U.S. dollars. When the Fund is investing for temporary or defensive purposes, it is not pursuing its investment objective.

 

Unit Investment Trusts

 

A Unit Investment Trust (“UIT”) is a type of investment company. Investments in UITs are subject to regulations limiting the Fund’s acquisition of investment company securities. Standard and Poor’s Depositary Receipts (“SPDRs”), DIAMONDS, MDYs and similar investments are interests in UITs that may be obtained directly from the UIT or purchased in the secondary market. SPDRs consist of a portfolio of securities substantially similar to the component securities of the Standard and Poor’s 500 Composite Stock Price Index. DIAMONDS and MDYs consist of a portfolio of securities substantially similar to the component securities of the Dow Jones Industrial Average and of the Standard and Poor’s MidCap 400 Index, respectively.

 

The price of a UIT interest is derived and based upon the securities held by the UIT. Accordingly, the level of risk involved in the purchase or sale of a UIT interest is similar to the risk involved in the purchase or sale of traditional common stock, with the exception that the pricing mechanism for UITs is based on a basket of stocks. Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying UITs purchased or sold by the Fund could result in losses on UITs. Trading in UITs involves risks similar to the risks, involved in the writing of options on securities, described above under “Options.”

 

Interests in UITs are not individually redeemable, except upon termination of the UIT. To redeem, the Fund must accumulate a certain amount of UIT interests. The liquidity of small holdings of UITs, therefore, depends upon the existence of a secondary market. Upon redemption of a UIT interest, the Fund receives securities and cash identical to the deposit required of an investor wishing to purchase a UIT interest that day.

 

Other Investments

 

The Board may, in the future, authorize the Fund to invest in securities other than those listed here and in the Fund’s Prospectus, provided that such investment would be consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and that it would not violate any fundamental investment policies or restrictions applicable to the Fund.

 

CFTC Regulation

 

The Fund intends to operate in compliance with the exclusion from regulation as a “commodity pool” under the Commodity Exchange Act (the “CEA”) provided by CFTC Rule 4.5. Under this rule, the Fund will not be deemed to be a “commodity pool” under the CEA if the Fund uses commodity interests

 

25
 

 

solely for “bona fide hedging purposes” or, subject to certain exceptions, if the Fund limits its use of commodity interests for purposes other than bona fide hedging purposes such that (i) the aggregate initial margin and premium with respect to such commodity interests represents no more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s portfolio or (ii) the aggregate net notional value of such commodity interests does not represent more than 100% of the value of the Fund’s portfolio.

 

If the Fund were no longer able to claim the exclusion provided by Rule 4.5, the Fund would be required to register with the CFTC as a “commodity pool” and would become subject to regulation under the CEA, which could increase the Fund’s expenses, adversely affecting investment returns. In addition, in this event, Aston Asset Management, LLC (“Aston” or the “Adviser”) would be required to register with the CFTC as a “commodity pool operator” and the applicable subadviser would be required to register with the CFTC as a “commodity trading advisor.”

 

Investment Restrictions

 

The investment objective of the Fund and investment restrictions set forth below are fundamental policies and may not be changed without the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting shares (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund. Unless otherwise indicated, all percentage limitations governing the investments of the Fund apply only at the time of transaction. Accordingly, if a percentage restriction is adhered to at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in the percentage which results from a relative change in values or from a change in the Fund’s total assets will not be considered a violation.

 

The Fund may not:

 

(1)           Purchase or sell real estate (but this restriction shall not prevent the Fund from investing directly or indirectly in portfolio instruments secured by real estate or interests therein or acquiring securities of real estate investment trusts or other issuers that deal in real estate).

 

(2)          Purchase the securities of issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities) if immediately after such purchase the value of the Fund’s investments in such industry would exceed 25% of the value of the total assets of the Fund.

 

(3)          Act as an underwriter of securities, except that, in connection with the disposition of a security, the Fund may be deemed to be an “underwriter” as that term is defined in the 1933 Act.

 

(4)          Make loans, except as permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.

 

               (5)          Borrow money, except that the Fund may borrow from banks and enter into reverse repurchase agreements for temporary purposes in amounts up to one-third of the value of its total assets at the time of such borrowing.

 

               (6)           Issue senior securities (as defined in the 1940 Act), except in connection with permitted borrowings as described above or as permitted by rule, regulation or order of the SEC.

 

                (7)          Purchase physical commodities, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief or unless acquired as a result of the ownership of securities or instruments, but this restriction shall not prohibit the Fund from purchasing futures contracts, options, foreign currencies or forward contracts, swaps, caps, collars, floors and other financial instruments or from investing in securities of any kind.

 

26
 

Trustees and Officers of the Trust

Under Delaware law, the business and affairs of the Trust are managed under the direction of the Board. Information pertaining to the Trustees and officers of the Trust is set forth below. The term “officer” means the president, vice president, secretary, treasurer, controller or any other officer who performs a policy making function.

Name, Address, Age
and Position(s) with
Trust

 

Term of
Office(1)
and
Length
of Time
Served

 

Principal
Occupation(s) During
Past Five Years

 

Number of
Portfolios
in Fund
Complex(2)
Overseen
by Trustee

 

Other
Trusteeships/
Directorships
Held by
Trustee
During Past
Five Years

 

Experience,
Qualifications,
Attributes,
Skills for
Board
Membership

                     
Independent Trustees                    
                     
Bruce B. Bingham
c/o Aston Funds
120 N. LaSalle Street
Chicago, IL 60602
DOB:  12/1/48
Trustee
  Since 2014   Partner, Hamilton Partners (real estate development firm) (1987-present)   28   Director of The Yacktman Funds, Inc. (2 portfolios); Trustee of AMG Funds, AMG Funds I, AMG Funds II and AMG Funds III (45 portfolios)   Significant mutual fund board experience; business experience as a partner of a real estate development and investment firm; familiar with financial statements.
                     
William E. Chapman, II
c/o Aston Funds
120 N. LaSalle Street
Chicago, IL 60602
DOB:  9/23/41
Trustee; Independent Chairman
  Since 2010   President and Owner, Longboat Retirement Planning Solutions (1998-present); formerly Trustee of Bowdoin College (2002-2013); Hewitt Associates, LLC (part time) (provider of Retirement and Investment Education Seminars) (2002-2009)   28   Director of Harding, Loevner Funds, Inc. (6 portfolios); Trustee of Third Avenue Trust (5 portfolios); Trustee of Third Avenue Variable Trust (1 portfolio); Trustee of AMG Funds, AMG Funds I, AMG Funds II and AMG Funds III (45 portfolios)   Significant mutual fund board experience; significant executive experience with several financial services firms; continuing service as Independent Chairman of the Board and Chairman of the Trust’s Governance Committee.
                     
Edward J. Kaier
c/o Aston Funds
120 N. LaSalle Street
Chicago, IL 60602
DOB:  9/23/45
Trustee
  Since 2010   Attorney at Law and Partner, Teeters Harvey Marrone & Kaier LLP (2007-present); Attorney at Law and Partner, Hepburn Willcox Hamilton & Putnam, LLP (1977-2007)   28   Trustee of Third Avenue Trust (5 portfolios); Trustee of Third Avenue Variable Trust (1 portfolio); Trustee of The AMG Funds, AMG Funds I, AMG Funds II and AMG Funds III (45 portfolios)   Significant mutual fund board experience; practicing attorney; Chairman of the Trust’s Audit Committee.

 

27
 
                     

Name, Address, Age
and Position(s) with
Trust

 

Term of
Office(1)
and
Length
of Time
Served

 

Principal
Occupation(s) During
Past Five Years

 

Number of
Portfolios
in Fund
Complex(2)
Overseen
by Trustee

 

Other
Trusteeships/
Directorships
Held by
Trustee
During Past
Five Years

 

Experience,
Qualifications,
Attributes,
Skills for
Board
Membership

                     
Kurt Keilhacker
c/o Aston Funds
120 N. LaSalle Street
Chicago, IL 60602
DOB:  10/5/63
Trustee
  Since 2014   Managing Member, TechFund Europe (2000-present); Managing Member, TechFund Capital (1997-present); Managing Member, Clapham Partners I, LLC (2013 – present)   28   Trustee of AMG Funds, AMG Funds I, AMG Funds II;AMG Funds III (45 portfolios); Trustee of Gordon College and Board Member for 6wind SA   Significant board experience, including as a board member of private companies; significant experience as a managing member of private companies; significant experience in the venture capital industry; significant experience as co-founder of a number of technology companies.
                     
Steven J. Paggioli
c/o Aston Funds
120 N. LaSalle Street
Chicago, IL 60602
DOB:  4/3/50
Trustee
  Since 2010   Independent Consultant (2001-present); formerly Executive Vice President and Director, The Wadsworth Group (1986-2001); Executive Vice President, Secretary and Director, Investment Company Administration, LLC (1990-2001); Vice President, Secretary and Director, First Fund Distributors, Inc. (1991-2001)   28   Trustee, Professionally Managed Portfolios (45 portfolios); Advisory Board Member, Sustainable Growth Advisors, LP; Independent Director, Chase Investment Counsel; Trustee of AMG Funds, AMG Funds I, AMG Funds II and AMG Funds III (45 portfolios)   Significant board experience, including as a board member of mutual funds; significant executive experience with several financial services firms; former service with financial service regulator; Audit Committee financial expert.
                     
Richard F. Powers III
c/o Aston Funds
120 N. LaSalle Street
Chicago, IL 60602
DOB:  2/2/46 Trustee
  Since 2014   Adjunct Professor, Boston College (2011-present)   28   Director of Ameriprise Financial Inc. (2005-2009); Trustee of AMG Funds, AMG Funds I, AMG Funds II and AMG Fund III (45 portfolios)   Significant board experience; significant executive experience with several financial services firms; significant experience as President and Chief Executive Officer of a mutual fund complex.

 

28
 
                     

Name, Address, Age
and Position(s) with
Trust

 

Term of
Office(1)
and
Length
of Time
Served

 

Principal
Occupation(s) During
Past Five Years

 

Number of
Portfolios
in Fund
Complex(2)
Overseen
by Trustee

 

Other
Trusteeships/
Directorships
Held by
Trustee
During Past
Five Years

 

Experience,
Qualifications,
Attributes,
Skills for
Board
Membership

                     
Eric Rakowski
c/o Aston Funds
120 N. LaSalle Street
Chicago, IL 60602
DOB:  6/5/58
Trustee
  Since 2010   Professor, University of California at Berkeley School of Law (1990-present)   28   Director of Harding, Loevner Funds, Inc. (6 portfolios); Trustee of Third Avenue Trust (5 portfolios); Trustee of Third Avenue Variable Trust (1 portfolio); Trustee of AMG Funds, AMG Funds I, AMG Funds II and AMG Funds III (45 portfolios)   Significant mutual fund board experience; former practicing attorney; currently professor of law.
                     
Victoria Sassine
c/o Aston Funds  
120 N. LaSalle Street
Chicago, IL 60602
DOB:  8/11/65
Trustee
  Since 2014   Lecturer, Babson College (2007 – present)   28   Trustee of AMG Funds, AMG Funds I, AMG Funds II and AMG Funds III (45 portfolios)   Currently professor of finance; significant business and finance experience in strategic financial and operation management positions in a variety of industries; accounting experience in a global accounting firm; experience as a board member of various organizations; Certified Public Accountant (inactive).

 

29
 
                     

Name, Address, Age
and Position(s) with
Trust

 

Term of
Office(1)
and
Length
of Time
Served

 

Principal
Occupation(s) During
Past Five Years

 

Number of
Portfolios
in Fund
Complex(2)
Overseen
by Trustee

 

Other
Trusteeships/
Directorships
Held by
Trustee
During Past
Five Years

 

Experience,
Qualifications,
Attributes,
Skills for
Board
Membership

                     
Thomas R. Schneeweis
c/o Aston Funds
120 N. LaSalle Street
Chicago, IL 60602
DOB:  5/10/47
Trustee
  Since 2010   Professor Emeritus, University of Massachusetts (2013-present); Director, CISDM at the University of Massachusetts, (1996-2013); President, TRS Associates (1982-present); President, Alternative Investment Analytics, LLC (formerly Schneeweis Partners, LLC) (2001-2013); Partner, S Capital Management, LLC (2007-present); Professor of Finance, University of Massachusetts (1977-2013); Partner, White Bear Partners, LLC (2007-2010); Partner,  Northampton Capital Management, LLC (2004-2010)   28   Trustee of AMG Funds, AMG Funds I, AMG Funds II and AMG Funds III (45 portfolios)   Significant mutual fund board experience; professor emeritus of finance; significant executive experience with several investment partnerships.
                     
Interested Trustee                    
                     

Christine C. Carsman(3)

c/o Aston Funds

120 N. LaSalle Street

Chicago, IL 60602

DOB: 4/2/52

 

  Since 2014   Senior Vice President (2007-present) and Deputy General Counsel (2011-present); Chief Regulatory Counsel (2004-2011), Vice President (2004-2007), Affiliated Managers Group, Inc.; Chief Legal Officer, Aston Funds (2010—2014); Senior Counsel, Vice President and Director of Operational Risk Management and Compliance, Wellington Management Company, LLP (1995-2004)   28   Trustee of AMG Funds, AMG Funds I, AMG Funds II and AMG Funds III (45 portfolios)   Significant business, legal and risk management experience with several financial services firms; former practicing attorney at private law firm; significant experience as Chief Legal Officer.

 

30
 
                     

Name, Address, Age
and Position(s) with
Trust

 

Term of
Office(1)
and
Length
of Time
Served

 

Principal
Occupation(s) During
Past Five Years

 

Number of
Portfolios
in Fund
Complex(2)
Overseen
by Trustee

 

Other
Trusteeships/
Directorships
Held by
Trustee
During Past
Five Years

 

Experience,
Qualifications,
Attributes,
Skills for
Board
Membership

                     
Officer(s) Who Are Not Trustees                    
                     
Stuart D. Bilton, CFA
c/o Aston Funds  
120 N. LaSalle Street
Chicago, IL 60602
Age:  68
Chief Executive Officer and President
  Chief Executive Officer since 2010, President since 2014   Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, Aston Asset Management, LLC (2006-present)   N/A   N/A   N/A
                     
Gerald F. Dillenburg, CPA
c/o Aston Funds  
120 N. LaSalle Street
Chicago, IL 60602
Age:  47
Senior Vice President, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Compliance Officer
  Since 1996   Chief Compliance Officer, Aston Asset Management, LLC (2006-present); Chief Financial Officer, Aston Asset Management, LP (2006-2010)   N/A   N/A   N/A
                     
Mark J. Duggan
c/o Aston Funds  
120 N. LaSalle Street
Chicago, IL 60602
Age:  
Secretary and Chief Legal Officer
  Since 2015   Secretary and Chief Legal Officer, AMG Funds, AMG Funds I, AMG Funds II and AMG Funds III (2015-Present); Senior Vice President and Senior Counsel, AMG Funds LLC (2015- Present); Attorney, K&L Gates, LLP (2009- 2015)   N/A   N/A   N/A
                     

Laura M. Curylo, CPA

c/o Aston Funds

120 N. LaSalle Street

Chicago, IL 60602

Age: 45

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

  Since 2010   Chief Financial Officer, Aston Asset Management, LLC (2010-present); Vice President and Controller, Aston Asset Management, LLC (2006-present)   N/A   N/A   N/A

 

 
(1)A Trustee serves for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (i) removal by two-thirds of the Board or shareholders, (ii) resignation, death or incapacity, (iii) the election and qualification of his/her successor, in accordance with the By-Laws of the Trust, or (iv) the last day of the fiscal year in which he/she attains the age of 75 years. Officers serve for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (i) removal by the Board, (ii) resignation, death or incapacity, or (iii) the election and qualification of their successors, in accordance with the By-Laws of the Trust.
(2)The term “Fund Complex” includes all series of Aston Funds.
(3)“Interested person” of the Trust as defined in the 1940 Act. Ms. Carsman is considered an “interested person” because of her affiliation with Affiliated Managers Group, Inc., the ultimate parent of the investment adviser, and related entities.

 

31
 

 

Board of Trustees, Leadership Structure and Committees

Experience and Qualifications

The table above provides a summary of the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills of each Trustee in light of the Trust’s business and structure. The Board believes that the significance of each Trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills is an individual matter (meaning that experience that is important for one Trustee may not have the same value for another) and that these factors are best evaluated at the Board level, with no single Trustee, or particular factor, being indicative of Board effectiveness. However, the Board believes that Trustees need to be able to critically review, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, and to interact effectively with Trust management, service providers and counsel, in order to exercise effective business judgment in the performance of their duties. The Board believes that each of its members has these abilities based upon their skills, experience, judgment, analytical ability, diligence, ability to work effectively with other Board members, and a commitment to the interests of shareholders. Experience relevant to having these abilities may be achieved through a Trustee’s educational background; business, professional training or practice (e.g., finance or law), or academic positions; experience from service as a board member (including the Board of the Trust) or as an executive of investment funds, other financial services firms, not-for-profit entities or other organizations; and/or other life experiences.

Board Structure

The Board has general oversight responsibility with respect to the business and affairs of the Trust. Because all funds in the Fund Complex are series of the Trust, a single Board oversees the operations of all the Aston Funds. The Board establishes policies and reviews and approves contracts and their continuance. The Trustees regularly request and/or receive reports from the Adviser, the Trust’s other service providers and the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (the “CCO”). The Board currently is composed of ten Trustees, nine of whom are not “interested persons” (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) and are designated in the table above as “Independent Trustees.” An Independent Trustee serves as the Chairman of the Board (the “Independent Chairman”). The Independent Chairman, among other things, chairs meetings of the Trustees, consults with the Chief Executive Officer on the agenda, and facilitates communication among the Independent Trustees, management of the Fund and the full Board. The Board believes that a chairman without any conflicts of interests arising from a position with Trust management promotes the independent oversight function of the Board.

The Board has established three standing committees. The Audit Committee is responsible for monitoring the Fund’s accounting policies, financial reporting and internal control system; monitoring the work of the Fund’s independent accountants; and providing an open avenue of communication among the independent accountants, fund management and the Board. The Governance Committee is primarily responsible for the identification and recommendation of individuals for Board membership and other governance matters. The Governance Committee will consider nominees recommended by shareholders whose resumes have been submitted by U.S. mail or courier service to the Trust’s Secretary for the attention of the Chairman of the Governance Committee. All of the Independent Trustees serve as members of the [Audit Committee, Governance Committee and Valuation Committee]. Mr. Kaier serves as Chairman of the Audit Committee. Mr. Chapman serves as Chairman of the Governance Committee. The Valuation Committee is responsible for fair valuing securities of the Fund as may be necessary from time to time. The Trust’s day-to-day operations are managed by the Adviser and other service providers. The Board and the committees meet regularly throughout the year to review the Trust’s activities, including, among others, fund performance, valuation matters and compliance with regulatory requirements, and to review contractual arrangements with service providers. The Audit Committee,

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Governance Committee and Valuation Committee held two, one and zero meeting(s), respectively, during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2014.

Risk Oversight

Through its oversight role, through its committees and through the Trust’s officers and service providers, the Board performs a risk oversight function for the Trust consisting, among other things, of the following activities: (1) receiving and reviewing reports related to the performance and operations of the Fund at regular Board meetings, and on an ad hoc basis as needed; (2) reviewing and approving, as applicable, the compliance policies and procedures of the Trust; (3) meeting with portfolio management teams to review investment strategies, techniques and the processes used to manage related risks; (4) meeting with representatives of key service providers, including the Adviser, the Funds’ administrator (the “Administrator”), distributor, transfer agent, custodian and independent registered public accounting firm of the Fund, to review and discuss the activities of the Fund and to provide direction with respect thereto; and (5) receiving reports from the CCO on a variety of matters at regular and special meetings of the Board and its committees, as applicable, including matters relating to risk management. The Trust’s treasurer also reports regularly to the Audit Committee on the Trust’s internal controls and accounting and financial reporting policies and practices. The Audit Committee also receives reports from the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm on internal control and financial reporting matters. On at least a quarterly basis, the Board meets with the Trust’s CCO, including separate meetings with the Independent Trustees in executive session, to discuss issues related to portfolio compliance and, on at least an annual basis, receives a report from the CCO regarding the effectiveness of the Trust’s compliance program. In addition, the Board receives reports from the Adviser and the subadviser on the investments and securities trading for the Fund. The Board also receives reports from the Trust’s primary service providers on a periodic or regular basis, including the Adviser and the Trust’s custodian, distributor and transfer agent. The Board also requires the Adviser to report to the Board on other matters relating to risk management on a regular and as needed basis, including reports on testing the compliance procedures of the Trust and its service providers.

Fund Ownership

Set forth in the table below is the dollar range of equity securities held in the Fund and the aggregate dollar range of securities in the same family of investment companies beneficially owned by each current Trustee at December 31, 2014.

Name of Trustee

 

Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the River Road Focused Absolute Value Fund

 

Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies

         
Independent Trustees        
         
Bruce B. Bingham   None   None
William E. Chapman, II   None   Over $100,000
Edward J. Kaier   None   Over $100,000
Kurt Keilhacker   None   None
Steven J. Paggioli   None   Over $100,000
Richard F. Powers, III   None   None
Eric Rakowski   None   Over $100,000
Victoria Sassine   None   None
Thomas R. Schneeweis   None   Over $100,000

 

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Name of Trustee

 

Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the River Road Focused Absolute Value Fund

 

Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies

         
Interested Trustee        
Christine C. Carsman   None   None

Remuneration

The Trustees of the Trust who are not affiliated with the Adviser or any subadviser receive an annual retainer, meeting fees and reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses for each meeting of the Board they attend. The Independent Chairman and standing committee chairs receive an additional retainer. No officer or employee of the Adviser or any subadviser or their affiliates receives any compensation from Aston Funds for acting as a Trustee of the Trust. The officers of the Trust receive no compensation directly from Aston Funds for performing the duties of their offices, except that the Trust compensates the Administrator for providing an officer to serve as the Fund’s CCO.

The table below shows the total fees that were paid to each of the Trustees during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2014. No individual, including all Trustees and officers of the Trust received more than $120,000 in aggregate compensation from the Trust for the period.

                 
Trustee   Aggregate Compensation Received From the Trust   Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued (as part of Fund Expenses)   Annual Benefits Upon Retirement   Total Compensation from Trust and Fund Complex
                 
Independent Trustees                
                 
Bruce B. Bingham1   $54,500   N/A   N/A   $54,500
William E. Chapman, II   130,875   N/A   N/A   130,875
Edward J. Kaier   115,250   N/A   N/A   115,250
Kurt Keilhacker1   54,500   N/A   N/A   54,500
Steven J. Paggioli   110,250   N/A   N/A   110,250
Richard F. Powers, III1   54,500   N/A   N/A   54,500
Eric Rakowski   110,250   N/A   N/A   110,250
Victoria Sassine1   54,500   N/A   N/A   54,500
Thomas R. Schneeweis   110,250   N/A   N/A   110,250
                 
Interested Trustee                
Christine C. Carsman1   N/A   N/A   N/A   N/A

 

 

1            Messrs. Bingham, Keilhacker and Powers and Mses. Sassine and Carsman were elected Trustees at a shareholders’ meeting held on April 17, 2014.

 

As of the date of this SAI, the Trustees and officers of the Trust did not own any of the outstanding shares of the Fund. However, the Adviser owned a controlling interest in the Fund. Shareholders with a controlling interest could affect the outcome of a proxy vote or the direction of management of the Fund.

 

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Code of Ethics

 

The Trust, the Adviser, the Fund’s subadviser and the principal underwriter have each adopted a code of ethics (the “Codes of Ethics”) under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. The Codes of Ethics permit personnel, subject to the Codes of Ethics and their restrictive provisions, to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Trust on behalf of the Fund.

 

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

 

The Trust has delegated the voting of portfolio securities on behalf of the Fund to the subadviser. The subadviser has adopted proxy voting policies and procedures (the “Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures”) for use in connection with determining how to vote proxies related to portfolio securities, including the procedures to be used if a vote presents a conflict of interest between the interests of the Fund’s shareholders and those of the subadviser. The Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures are included under Appendix A.

 

After the Fund has commenced operations, information regarding how the Trust voted proxies, on behalf of the Fund, related to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 will be available without charge on the Trust’s website at www.astonfunds.com and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

Investment Advisory and Other Services

 

Investment Adviser

 

As described in the Prospectus, the Trust employs Aston to manage the investment and reinvestment of the assets of the Fund and to continuously review, supervise and administer the Fund’s investment programs under an investment advisory agreement with respect to the Fund (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”). Pursuant to the Agreement, Aston shall also provide advice and recommendations with respect to other aspects of the business and affairs of the Fund, shall exercise voting rights and other corporate actions, and shall perform such functions of investment management and supervision as may be directed by the Board. Aston has engaged a subadviser to manage the day-to-day investment management of the Fund’s portfolio. The advisory services provided by Aston for the Fund and the fees received by it for such services are described in the Prospectus.

 

Aston is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Affiliated Managers Group, Inc. (“AMG”). AMG’s interests in Aston are held through AMG’s wholly-owned subsidiary, AMG Funds LLC. Aston commenced operations on December 1, 2006. AMG acquired a controlling majority interest in Aston on April 15, 2010. On May 30, 2014, AMG exercised its call option to purchase the outstanding equity of Aston that was not then owned by AMG, making Aston an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of AMG. In connection with AMG’s exercise of its call option, Aston converted to a Delaware limited liability company on May 30, 2014. Aston is located at 120 N. LaSalle Street, 25th Floor, Chicago, Illinois 60602. As of September 30, 2015, Aston had approximately $___ billion in assets under management.

 

AMG, a Delaware corporation with a principal place of business at 777 South Flagler Drive, West Palm Beach, Florida 33401, is an asset management company that holds interests in investment management firms. The common stock of AMG is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol AMG. Pro forma for any pending investments, the aggregate assets under management of AMG’s affiliated investment management firms were approximately $___ billion at _____ __, 2015.

 

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For the services provided and the expenses assumed pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with Aston, Aston receives a management fee from the Fund at an annual rate based on the Fund’s average daily net assets, computed daily and payable monthly, at the following annual rate:

 

Fund 

 

Gross Advisory Fee (as a
percentage of average daily net
assets)
 

     
ASTON/River Road Focused Absolute Value Fund   0.80%

  

Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Adviser is not liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Trust or the Fund in connection with the performance of the Investment Advisory Agreement, except a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its duties, or from reckless disregard of its duties and obligations thereunder.

 

The Investment Advisory Agreement between the Trust and Aston may be terminated with respect to the Fund by vote of the Board or by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, at any time without penalty, upon 60 days’ written notice to Aston. Aston may also terminate its advisory relationship with respect to the Fund upon 60 days’ written notice to the Trust. The Investment Advisory Agreement terminates automatically in the event of its assignment.

 

Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, Aston shall: (i) manage the investment and reinvestment of the assets of the Fund, (ii) continuously review, supervise and administer the investment program of the Fund, (iii) determine, in its discretion, the assets to be held uninvested, (iv) provide the Trust with records concerning the Adviser’s activities which are required to be maintained by the Trust and (v) render regular reports to the Trust’s officers and Board concerning the Adviser’s discharge of the foregoing responsibilities. The Adviser shall discharge the foregoing responsibilities subject to the oversight of the Trust’s officers and the Board and in compliance with the objectives, policies and limitations set forth in the Trust’s then effective prospectus and SAI.

 

The Investment Advisory Agreement with respect to the Fund has an initial term ending June 30, 2017 and continues in effect for the Fund from year to year thereafter for so long as its continuation is approved at least annually (a) by a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to such agreement or interested persons of any such party except in their capacity as Trustees of the Fund or (b) by the shareholders of the Fund or the Board.

 

The Investment Advisory Agreement with Aston also provides that Aston shall have the authority, subject to applicable provisions of the 1940 Act and the regulations thereunder, to select one or more subadvisers to provide day-to-day portfolio management with respect to all or a portion of the assets of the Fund and to allocate and reallocate the assets of the Fund between and among any subadvisers so selected pursuant to a “manager-of-managers” structure. Under this structure, Aston also has the authority to retain and terminate subadvisers, engage new subadvisers and make material revisions to the terms of the sub-investment advisory agreement for the Fund (the “Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement”) subject to approval of the Board, but not shareholder approval.

 

As described above, Aston is paid a management fee at an annual rate based on the average daily net assets of the Fund. Out of its fee, Aston pays the subadviser. Because Aston will pay each subadviser’s fees out of its own fees from the Fund, there will not be any “duplication” of advisory fees paid by the Fund.

 

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Aston has entered into an Expense Reimbursement Agreement with the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, through February 28, 2017, under which Aston will waive its fees or reimburse its expenses to the extent that the Fund’s annual operating expense ratio, not including interest, taxes, investment-related costs (such as brokerage commissions), extraordinary expenses and acquired fund fees and expenses, exceeds the applicable rate shown in the table below:

 

Fund 

 

Class N 

 

Class I 

         
ASTON/River Road Focused Absolute Value Fund   1.25%   1.00%

  

In connection with the Expense Reimbursement Agreement for each class of shares, the Fund has agreed that for a period of up to three years from the end of the fiscal year end in which such amount was waived or reimbursed, the Adviser is entitled to be reimbursed by the Fund for fees waived and expenses reimbursed from the commencement of operations of each class of shares through the completion of the first three full fiscal years of that class to the extent that the Fund’s expense ratio with respect to that class, not including interest, taxes, investment related costs (such as brokerage commissions), extraordinary expenses and acquired fund fees and expenses, remains at or below the operating expense cap after such reimbursement.

 

Aston may from time to time voluntarily waive a portion of its advisory fees with respect to the Fund and/or reimburse a portion of the Fund’s expenses. These voluntary waivers do not include fees and expenses from investing in other investment companies (acquired funds) or interest expense. Aston may terminate such voluntary waivers/reimbursements at any time.

 

Subadviser

 

On ____ __, 2015, Aston entered into a Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement with River Road Asset Management, LLC (“River Road” or the “Subadviser”) with respect to the ASTON/River Road Focused Absolute Value Fund. River Road is located at Meidinger Tower, 462 South Fourth Street, Suite 2000, Louisville, Kentucky 40202. AMG holds an indirect, majority equity interest in River Road, and members of River Road’s senior management team hold a substantial minority equity interest in the firm. Under the Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement, the Subadviser manages the portfolio of the Fund, selects investments and places all orders for purchases and sales of the Fund’s securities, subject to the general oversight of the Board and the Adviser.

 

The Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement provides that neither the Subadviser nor any of its directors, officers, stockholders, agents or employees shall have any liability to the Fund or to the Adviser for any error of judgment, any mistake of law, or any loss arising out of any investment, or for any other act or omission in the performance by the Subadviser of its duties under the Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement except for liability resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard by it of its obligations and duties under the Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement. The Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement continues for the same term as the Investment Advisory Agreement and is subject to the same requirements for renewal.

 

For the services provided pursuant to the Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement, Aston pays the subadviser a fee computed daily and payable monthly. The standard sub-advisory fee rate is 50% of the applicable advisory fee less any expense waivers or reimbursements and certain payments to third-party intermediaries. In certain limited circumstances, exceptions to the standard fee schedule apply.

 

37
 

 

A discussion regarding the Board’s basis for approving the Investment Advisory Agreement for the Fund and Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement will be available in the Fund’s next annual or semi-annual shareholder report.

 

River Road Asset Management, LLC

 

The table below shows other accounts for which the portfolio managers of the ASTON/River Road Focused Absolute Value Fund are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management as of _____ __, 201_.

  

Portfolio Manager   Number of
Accounts
Managed
  Total Assets
Managed (in
millions)
  Number of
Accounts
Managed with
Advisory Fee
Based on
Performance
  Assets Managed
with Advisory
Fee Based on
Performance
R. Andrew Beck                   
Registered Investment Companies    _  $_     _  $_ 
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles    _  $_     _  $_ 
Other Accounts    _  $_     _  $_ 
                    
Thomas S. Forsha                   
Registered Investment Companies    _  $_     _  $_ 
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles    _  $_     _  $_ 
Other Accounts    _  $_     _  $

_

 

 

Material Conflicts of Interest. The portfolio managers manage multiple accounts, including the Fund. The portfolio managers make decisions for each account based on the investment objectives, policies, practices and other relevant investment considerations that the portfolio managers believe are applicable to that account. Consequently, the portfolio managers may purchase securities for one account and not another account, and the performance of securities purchased for one account may vary from the performance of securities purchased for other accounts. A portfolio manager may place transactions on behalf of other accounts that are contrary to investment decisions made on behalf of the Fund, or make investment decisions that are similar to those made for the Fund, both of which have the potential to adversely affect the price paid or received by the Fund or the size of the security position obtainable for the Fund. River Road has adopted policies and procedures that it believes are reasonably designed to address the conflicts associated with managing multiple accounts for multiple clients, including long only and long-short products, although there can be no assurance that such policies and procedures will adequately address such conflicts.

 

Compensation. Compensation for portfolio managers includes an annual fixed base salary and a potential performance-based bonus. The portfolio managers also own equity in the firm, which entitles them to a portion of the firm’s profits.

 

Ownership of Securities. As of the date of the SAI, the Fund had yet to commence operations and the portfolio managers did not beneficially own equity securities in the Fund.

 

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Administrator

 

Under the Administration Agreement between Aston and the Trust, the Administrator is responsible for: (1) coordinating with the custodian and transfer agent and monitoring the services they provide to the Fund, (2) coordinating with and monitoring any other third parties furnishing services to the Fund, (3) providing the Fund with necessary office space, telephones and other communications facilities and personnel competent to perform administrative and clerical functions, (4) supervising the maintenance by third parties of such books and records of the Fund as may be required by applicable federal or state law, (5) preparing or supervising the preparation by third parties of all federal, state and local tax returns and reports of the Fund required by applicable law, (6) preparing and, after approval by the Fund, filing and arranging for the distribution of proxy materials and periodic reports to shareholders of the Fund as required by applicable law, (7) preparing and, after approval by the Trust, arranging for the filing of such registration statements and other documents with the SEC and other federal and state regulatory authorities as may be required by applicable law, (8) reviewing and submitting to the officers of the Trust for their approval invoices or other requests for payment of the Fund’s expenses and instructing the custodian to issue checks in payment thereof and (9) taking such other action with respect to the Trust or the Fund as may be necessary in the opinion of the Administrator to perform its duties under the Administration Agreement.

 

As compensation for services performed under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator receives an administration fee payable monthly at the annual rate set forth below as a percentage of the average daily net assets of the Trust.

 

Administration Fees

 

The fee schedule to the Administration Agreement is as follows:

 

Percentage

 

Average Daily Net Assets (Aggregate Fund
Complex)

0.0437%   Up to $7.4 billion
0.0412%   Over $7.4 billion

 

The Administrator also receives a monthly base fee in the amount of $1,000 per Fund.

 

Sub-administrator

 

BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc. (“BNY Mellon” or the “Sub-administrator”), 4400 Computer Drive, Westborough, Massachusetts 01581, provides certain administrative services for the Fund and Aston pursuant to a Sub-administration and Accounting Services Agreement (the “Sub-administration Agreement”) between Aston and BNY Mellon.

 

As Sub-administrator, BNY Mellon provides the Trust with sub-administrative services, including fund accounting, regulatory reporting, necessary office space, equipment, personnel and facilities. Compensation for these services is paid under the Sub-administration Agreement with the Administrator.

 

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Sub-administration Fees

 

The Sub-administrator receives an administration fee payable by the Administrator. Under the terms of the Sub-administration Agreement, sub-administration fees (inclusive of tax service fees) paid by the Administrator, are accrued daily and paid monthly, at the annual rate of 0.0167% of average daily net assets of the Trust inclusive of fees for tax services. In addition, the Administrator pays the Sub-administrator a base sub-administration fee monthly in the amount of $1,000 per Fund. The fees may be subject to an annual increase by BNY Mellon, in an amount not to exceed the cumulative percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) U.S. City Average, all items (unadjusted) published since the last such increase in fees. The most recent such annual increase was effective October 1, 2015.

 

Underwriter

 

Foreside Funds Distributors LLC (formerly, BNY Mellon Distributors, LLC) (the “Distributor”), 400 Berwyn Park, 899 Cassatt Road, Berwyn, Pennsylvania 19312, and the Trust are parties to a distribution agreement effective April 1, 2012 (the “Distribution Agreement”) under which the Distributor serves as statutory underwriter and facilitates the registration and distribution of shares of each series of the Trust on a continuous basis.

 

After the initial term, the Distribution Agreement shall be renewed for successive one-year terms, provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually (i) by the Board or (ii) by a vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act and Rule 18f-2 thereunder) of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust, provided that in either event the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Distribution Agreement and who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to the Distribution Agreement, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Distribution Agreement may be terminated without penalty, on at least 60 days’ written notice, by the Board, by vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act and Rule 18f-2 thereunder) of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust, or by the Distributor. This Agreement will also terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder).

 

Distribution and Services Plan

 

The Board has adopted a distribution and services plan (the “Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, which permits the Class N shares of the Fund to pay certain expenses associated with the distribution of Fund shares and the provision of services to shareholder accounts.

 

Rule 12b-1 regulates the circumstances under which an investment company may directly or indirectly bear expenses relating to the distribution of its shares. Continuance of the Plan must be approved annually by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust and by a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust or the Distributor, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (“Independent Trustees”). In adopting the Plan, the Independent Trustees concluded in accordance with the requirements of Rule 12b-1 that there is a reasonable likelihood that the Plan will benefit the Fund and its shareholders by resulting in greater sales of Fund shares. The Plan requires that quarterly written reports of amounts spent under the Plan and the purposes of such expenditures be furnished to and reviewed by the Trustees. In accordance with Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, the Plan may be terminated with respect to the Fund by a vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees, or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund. The Plan may be amended by vote of the Board, including a majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for such purpose, except that any change that would effect a material increase in any distribution fee with respect to the Fund (or class) requires the approval of the Fund’s (or class’s) shareholders. All material amendments of the Plan will require approval by a majority of the Trustees of the Trust and of the Independent Trustees.

 

40
 

 

To the Trust’s knowledge, no “interested person” of the Trust, nor any Independent Trustee has a direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan.

 

Under the Plan, the Fund may pay amounts not exceeding, on an annual basis, 0.25% of the Fund’s average daily net assets for Class N shares. From this amount, the Distributor may make payments to financial institutions and intermediaries such as banks, savings and loan associations, insurance companies, investment counselors, broker-dealers, and the Distributor’s affiliates and subsidiaries as compensation for services, reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with distribution assistance or provision of shareholder services. The Plan is characterized as a reimbursement plan and is directly tied to expenses incurred by the Distributor; the payments the Distributor receives during any year may not exceed its actual expenses.

 

Custodian

 

The Bank of New York Mellon, One Wall Street, New York, New York 10286, serves as custodian of the Trust’s assets on behalf of the Fund.

 

Transfer Agent and Dividend Paying Agent

 

BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc., 4400 Computer Drive, Westborough, Massachusetts 01581, serves as transfer agent and dividend paying agent for the Trust.

 

Counsel and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

Vedder Price P.C., with offices at 222 North LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60601, serves as counsel to the Trust.

 

Sullivan & Worcester LLP, with offices at 1666 K Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20006, serves as counsel to the Independent Trustees.

 

Ernst & Young LLP, with offices at 155 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606, is the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm.

 

Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage Commissions

 

The Subadviser is responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities for the Fund, for the placement of its portfolio business transactions and the negotiation of commissions, if any, paid on such transactions. In placing trades for the Fund, the Subadviser will follow the Trust’s policy of seeking best execution of orders under the overall circumstances. Securities traded in the OTC market are generally traded on a net basis with dealers acting as principal for their own accounts without a stated commission. In OTC transactions, orders are placed directly with a principal market-maker unless a better price and execution can be obtained by using a broker. Brokerage commissions are paid on transactions in listed securities, futures contracts and options.

 

The Subadviser attempts to obtain the best overall price and most favorable execution of transactions in portfolio securities. However, subject to policies established by the Board, the Fund may pay a broker-dealer a commission for effecting a portfolio transaction for the Fund in excess of the amount of commission another broker-dealer would have charged if the Subadviser determines in good faith that the commission paid was reasonable in relation to the brokerage or research services provided by such broker-dealer, viewed in terms of that particular transaction or such firm’s overall responsibilities with respect to the clients, including the Fund, as to which it exercises investment discretion. In selecting

 

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and monitoring broker-dealers and negotiating commissions, consideration will be given to a broker-dealer’s reliability, the quality of its execution services on a continuing basis and its financial condition, among other things. Research services furnished by broker-dealers through whom the Fund effects securities transactions may be used by the Subadviser, as the case may be, in servicing all of their respective accounts; not all such services may be used in connection with the Fund. The term “research services” may include, but is not limited to, advice as to the value of securities; the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities; the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities; and analyses or reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy or the performance of accounts.

 

It is likely that the broker-dealers selected based on the foregoing considerations will include firms that also sell shares of the Fund to their customers. The Trust has implemented policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent sales of Fund shares from being considered as a factor in the selection of broker-dealers to execute portfolio transactions for the Fund.

 

Payments to Intermediaries

 

A financial intermediary may offer different classes of shares to its customers and differing services to the classes, and thus, receive compensation with respect to different classes. Intermediaries may also charge separate fees to their customers. Intermediaries that distribute Fund shares and/or provide sub-transfer agency, sub-accounting and/or shareholder services for Fund shareholder accounts may be compensated by the Adviser, in addition to any payments made by the Distributor under the Plan. These additional payments may be subject to reimbursement by the Fund, as described below, and/or they may be made by the Adviser out of its own assets, and not as additional charges to the Fund. The Fund may reimburse the Adviser for payments made to certain intermediaries that provide sub-transfer agency, sub-accounting and/or shareholder services to Fund shareholder accounts in an amount not to exceed an annual cap based on a percentage of the Fund’s average daily net assets, as approved by the Board. In addition, the Adviser may compensate intermediaries out of its own assets, and not as additional charges to the Fund, for providing distribution-related services to the Fund and/or services to Fund shareholder accounts, which may include, without limitation: (1) the sale of Fund shares, (2) sub-transfer agency, sub-accounting, administrative and shareholder processing services, and (3) marketing support, access to a third party platform, fund offering list or other marketing programs and/or “shelf space.” Payments in connection with marketing programs may include, but are not limited to, inclusion of the Fund on preferred or recommended sales lists, mutual fund “supermarket” platforms and other formal sales programs granting access to the intermediary’s sales force and obtaining other forms of marketing support. Additional payments may be a fixed dollar amount; may be based on the number of customer accounts maintained by the intermediary; may be based on a percentage of the value of shares sold to, or held by, customers of the intermediary involved; or may be calculated on another basis. Payments that are in addition to payments made by the Distributor under the Plan may represent a premium over payments made by other fund families, and intermediary investment professionals may have an added incentive to sell or recommend the Fund or share class over others offered by competing fund families. These payments may differ for the Fund within the Aston family of funds, including within the same intermediary or within the same fund at the same intermediary, or for the same fund across certain intermediaries.

 

A number of factors are considered in determining whether to make additional payments. Such factors may include, without limitation, the level or type of services provided by the intermediary, the level or expected level of assets or sales of shares, the Fund’s status on a preferred or recommended fund list, access to an intermediary’s personnel, and other factors. In addition to such payments, the Adviser may offer other incentives, including sponsorship of intermediary and third-party sponsored educational seminars or other events for investment professionals and clients, and payment or reimbursement of

 

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expenses, including but not limited to meals and hotel accommodations, incurred by intermediary investment professionals in connection with certain meetings held by the Trust or the Adviser for the purpose of training or education of such intermediary investment professionals.

 

Portfolio Turnover

 

The portfolio turnover rate for the Fund is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio investments for the reporting period by the monthly average value of the portfolio investments owned during the reporting period. The calculation excludes any in-kind transfers of securities into or out of the Fund, as well as all securities, including options, whose maturities or expiration dates at the time of acquisition are one year or less. Portfolio turnover may vary greatly from year to year as well as within a particular year and may be affected by cash requirements for redemption of shares and by requirements which must be met for the Fund to receive favorable federal income tax treatment. The subadviser’s investment strategy is highly opportunistic and may result in a high portfolio turnover rate. A high portfolio turnover rate (i.e., over 100%) may result in the realization of substantial net short-term capital gains and involves correspondingly greater transaction costs. Distributions derived from net short-term capital gains of the Fund (i.e., net short-term capital gain in excess of net long-term capital loss) are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes. To the extent that net long-term capital gains (i.e., net long-term capital gain in excess of net short-term capital loss) are realized, distributions derived from such gains are generally treated as capital gain dividends for federal income tax purposes and taxed to shareholders as long-term capital gain. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not available.

 

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

 

The Fund’s portfolio holdings as of the end of each calendar month are generally posted on the Aston Funds website, www.astonfunds.com, on or about the fifteenth day after the month-end. Portfolio holdings are made available to investors and to intermediaries selling Fund shares only after their public disclosure.

 

The Trust’s policies and procedures governing disclosure of portfolio holdings permit nonpublic portfolio holdings to be shared with the Fund’s service providers and others who generally need access to such information in the performance of their contractual duties and responsibilities, including the Trust’s custodian, pricing services, fund accountants, Adviser, the Fund’s Subadviser, Administrator, Sub-administrator, independent public accountants, attorneys, officers and Trustees and each of their respective affiliates and advisers, and are subject to duties of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on nonpublic information. Nonpublic portfolio holdings may also be disclosed by the Fund or its duly authorized service providers to certain third parties, including mutual fund evaluation services, rating agencies, lenders or providers of borrowing facilities, provided that (i) a good faith determination is made that the Fund has a legitimate business purpose to provide the information and the disclosure is in the Fund’s best interests; (ii) the recipient agrees not to distribute the portfolio holdings or the results of any related analysis to third parties, other departments, or persons who are likely to use the information for purposes of purchasing or selling shares of the Fund prior to the portfolio holdings becoming public information; and (iii) the recipient is subject to an obligation to maintain such information confidential. These conditions do not apply to portfolio holdings released to such third parties after they have been posted on the website.

 

Disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings information as an exception to the Trust’s policies and procedures must be approved by the CCO or Chief Executive Officer of the Trust. No compensation or other consideration is received by the Trust or any affiliates of the Trust for disclosure of portfolio holdings. The Board receives reports of any potential exceptions to, or violations of, the Trust’s policies

 

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and procedures governing disclosure of portfolio holdings that are deemed to constitute a material compliance matter. The CCO or his designee is responsible for monitoring compliance with these procedures, including requesting information from service providers.

 

The Fund discloses its portfolio holdings to the extent required by law.

 

Description of Shares

 

The Fund is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest without par value. Class N shares and Class I shares are the two classes of shares currently issued by the Fund. Neither class is subject to an initial sales charge or a contingent deferred sales charge. Class N shares are subject to a 12b-1 fee with a maximum annual fee of 0.25% of average daily net assets. Because each class has different expenses, performance will vary. Shares of the Fund represent equal proportionate interests in the assets of the Fund only and have identical voting, dividend, redemption, liquidation and other rights except that Class I shares have no rights with respect to the Fund’s Plan. All shares issued are fully paid and non-assessable, and shareholders have no preemptive or other right to subscribe to any additional shares and no conversion rights.

 

Minimum Initial Investments

 

Class N shares have a minimum initial investment of $2,500 and a $50 minimum subsequent investment. The minimum initial investment for the Class N shares of the Fund by Individual Retirement Accounts, Education Savings Accounts and Uniform Gift to Minor Accounts/Uniform Transfer to Minor Accounts is $500. The subsequent minimum investment for each account type is $50.

 

Class I shares have a minimum initial investment of $100,000 and a $50 minimum subsequent investment.

 

For purposes of the investment minimum, the balances of Fund accounts of clients of a financial consultant may be aggregated in determining whether the minimum investment has been met. This aggregation may also be applied to the accounts of immediate family members (i.e., a person’s spouse, parents, children, siblings and in-laws). In addition, the aggregation may be applied to the related accounts of a corporation or other legal entity. The Fund may waive the minimum initial investment by obtaining a letter of intent, evidencing an investor’s intention of meeting the minimum initial investment in a specified period of time as continually reviewed and approved by the Board. The minimum investment requirement may be waived for Trustees of the Trust and employees of the Adviser and their spouses, employees of the Fund’s Subadviser and their spouses and affiliates of the Adviser. The minimum investment requirement may be waived for certain omnibus accounts, mutual fund advisory platforms and registered investment advisors, banks, trust companies or similar financial institutions investing for their own account or for the account of their clients or customers for whom such institution is exercising investment discretion, or otherwise acting on behalf of clients or customers. The minimum investment requirement may be waived for individual accounts of a financial intermediary that charges an ongoing fee for its services or offers shares through a no-load network or platform, and for accounts invested through fee-based advisory accounts, certain “wrap” programs and similar programs with approved intermediaries. The Trust reserves the right to waive the Fund’s minimum initial investment requirement for any reason.

 

There is no sales load or charge in connection with the purchase of shares. The Trust reserves the right to reject any purchase order and to suspend the offering of shares of the Fund. The Fund also reserves the right to change the initial and subsequent investment minimums.

 

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Anti-Money Laundering Laws

 

The Fund is required to comply with various federal anti-money laundering laws and regulations. Consequently, the Fund may be required to “freeze” the account of a shareholder if the shareholder appears to be involved in suspicious activity or if certain account information matches information on government lists of known terrorists or other suspicious persons, or the Fund may be required to transfer the account or proceeds of the account to a government agency.

 

Customer Identification Program

 

Federal law requires the Fund to obtain, verify and record identifying information for each investor who opens or reopens an account with Aston Funds. An investor may be an individual or a person other than an individual (such as a corporation, partnership or trust). Such identifying information may include the name, residential or business street address, principal place of business, local office or other physical location (for a person other than an individual), date of birth (for an individual), social security or taxpayer identification number or other identifying information. Applications without the required information, or without any indication that a social security or taxpayer identification number has been applied for, may not be accepted. After acceptance, to the extent permitted by applicable law or its customer identification program, Aston Funds reserves the right (a) to place limits on transactions in any account until the identity of the investor is verified; or (b) to refuse an investment in Aston Funds or to involuntarily redeem an investor’s shares at the current share price and close an account in the event that an investor’s identity is not verified within 90 days regardless of the type of account. This may cause shares in the investor’s account to be redeemed at a loss. You may be subject to taxes if Aston Funds liquidates your account due to insufficient information as it relates to customer identification procedures. Aston Funds and its agents will not be responsible for any loss or adverse tax effect in an investor’s account resulting from the investor’s delay in providing all required identifying information or from closing an account and redeeming an investor’s shares when an investor’s identity cannot be verified.

 

Voting Rights

 

Each issued and outstanding full share of the Fund is entitled to one full vote and each issued and outstanding fractional share is entitled to a fractional vote. Shares of the Fund participate equally in regard to dividends, distributions and liquidations with respect to the Fund subject to preferences (such as 12b-1 fees), rights or privileges of any share class. Shareholders have equal non-cumulative voting rights. Class N shares of the Fund have exclusive voting rights with respect to the Plan for the Fund. On any matter submitted to a vote of shareholders, shares of the Fund will vote separately except when a vote of shareholders in the aggregate is required by law, or when the Trustees have determined that the matter affects the interests of more than one fund of the Aston Funds, in which case the shareholders of the Fund shall be entitled to vote thereon.

 

Shareholder Meetings

 

The Board does not intend to hold annual meetings of shareholders of the Fund. The Trust Instrument provides that the Board will call a meeting for the purpose of voting upon the question of removal of any Trustee when requested to do so by shareholders owning not less than 10% of the outstanding shares of the Fund entitled to vote. In addition, subject to certain conditions, shareholders of the Fund may apply to the Trust to communicate with other shareholders to request a shareholders’ meeting to vote upon the removal of a Trustee.

 

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Certain Provisions of the Trust Instrument

 

Under Delaware law, the shareholders of the Fund will not be personally liable for the obligations of the Fund; a shareholder is entitled to the same limitation of personal liability extended to shareholders of corporations. To guard against the risk that Delaware law might not be applied in other states, the Trust Instrument requires that every written obligation of the Trust or the Fund contain a statement that such obligation may only be enforced against the assets of the Trust or Fund and provides for indemnification out of Trust or Fund property of any shareholder nevertheless held personally liable for Trust or Fund obligations.

 

Expenses

 

Expenses attributable to the Trust, but not to a particular Fund, will be allocated to the Fund of the Aston Funds on the basis of relative net assets of the Fund. Similarly, expenses attributable to a particular fund, but not to a particular class thereof, will be allocated to each class of the Fund on the basis of relative net assets of the classes. General Trust expenses may include but are not limited to: insurance premiums, Trustee fees, expenses of maintaining the Trust’s legal existence and fees of industry organizations. General Fund expenses may include but are not limited to: audit fees, brokerage commissions, registration of Fund shares with the SEC, fees to the various state securities commissions, printing and postage expenses related to preparing and distributing required documents such as shareholder reports, prospectuses and proxy statements to current shareholders, fees of the Fund’s custodian, Administrator, Sub-administrator, transfer agent and other service providers, including reimbursements to the Adviser for payments made to third-party service providers that provide sub-transfer agency, sub-accounting and/or shareholder services for shareholder accounts, and costs of obtaining quotations of portfolio securities and pricing of Fund shares. Class-specific expenses relating to distribution and service fee payments associated with a Plan for a particular class of shares and other costs relating to implementing or amending such Plan (including obtaining shareholder approval of such Plan or any amendment thereto) will be borne solely by shareholders of such class. Other fees and expenses that may differ between classes may include but are not limited to, litigation or other legal expenses relating to a specific class, and expenses incurred as a result of matters relating to a specific class.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser or other service providers may waive or reimburse the fees and expenses of a specific fund or a class or classes to the extent permitted under Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act.

 

JPMorgan Liquid Assets Money Market Fund Exchange Option

 

The JPMorgan Liquid Assets Money Market Fund – Agency Share Class (the “JPMorgan Fund”) is available as an exchange option for Fund shareholders, subject to the terms and conditions described in the JPMorgan Fund’s prospectus. The Administrator has entered into a Service Agreement with the distributor of the JPMorgan Fund that provides for a cash payment to the Administrator with respect to the average daily net asset value of the total number of shares of the JPMorgan Fund held by customers investing through the Aston Funds. This cash payment compensates the Administrator for providing, directly or through an agent, administrative, sub-transfer agent and other shareholder services, and not investment advisory or distribution-related services.

 

Net Asset Value

 

The net asset value per share of the Fund is computed as of the close of the regular trading session on the NYSE on each day the NYSE is open for trading, typically 4:00 p.m. Eastern time. The

 

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NYSE is closed on New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.

 

The net asset value per share is computed by adding the value of all securities and other assets in the portfolio, deducting any liabilities (expenses and fees are accrued daily) and dividing by the number of shares outstanding. The equity portfolio securities of the Fund listed or traded on a national securities exchange or reported on the NASDAQ Stock Market are valued at the last sale price or NASDAQ Official Closing Price, when appropriate. If no last sale price or NASDAQ Official Closing Price, when appropriate, is reported, the last bid price may be used. Securities traded OTC are priced at the mean of the latest bid and asked prices. When market quotations are not readily available or are deemed unreliable, securities and other assets are valued at fair value as determined by the Adviser in accordance with guidelines adopted by the Board.

 

Fixed income securities are valued using evaluated prices obtained from independent pricing services in accordance with guidelines adopted and periodically reviewed by the Board. Options, futures and options on futures are valued at the settlement price as determined by the appropriate clearing corporation.

 

Quotations of foreign securities denominated in foreign currency are converted to U.S. dollar equivalents using foreign exchange quotations received from independent dealers. The calculation of the net asset value of the Fund may not take place contemporaneously with the determination of the prices of certain portfolio securities of foreign issuers used in such calculation. Further, under the Trust’s procedures, the prices of foreign securities are determined using information derived from pricing services and other sources. Information that becomes known to the Trust or its agents after the time that net asset value is calculated on any Business Day may be assessed in determining net asset value per share after the time of receipt of the information, but will not be used to retroactively adjust the price of the security so determined earlier or on a prior day. Events affecting the values of portfolio securities that occur between the time their prices are determined and the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) may not be reflected in the calculation of net asset value. If events materially affecting the value of such securities occur during such period, then these securities may be valued at fair value as determined by the Adviser and the Subadviser in accordance with guidelines adopted by the Board. The Fund has retained an independent statistical fair value pricing service to assist in the fair valuation of securities principally traded in a foreign market in order to adjust for possible changes in value that may occur between the close of the foreign exchange and the time as of which the Fund shares are priced.

 

REDEMPTIONS IN-KIND

 

Larger redemptions may be detrimental to the Fund’s existing shareholders. While the Fund intends to pay all sales proceeds in cash, the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, reserves the right to honor any request for redemption in excess of $250,000 during any 90-day period by making payment in whole or in part in the form of certain securities of the Fund chosen by the Fund and valued the same way as they are valued for purposes of computing the Fund’s net asset value. This is called “redemption-in-kind.” A shareholder may need to pay certain sales charges related to a redemption-in-kind, such as brokerage commissions, when the securities are sold. For shares that are not held in a tax deferred account, redemptions-in-kind are taxable for federal income tax purposes in the same manner as when sales proceeds are paid in cash.

 

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Dividends

 

Income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested automatically in additional shares at net asset value, unless you elect to receive them in cash. Distribution options may be changed at any time by requesting a change in writing. Any check in payment of dividends or other distributions which cannot be delivered by the Post Office or which remains uncashed for a period of more than one year may be reinvested in the shareholder’s account at the then current net asset value and the dividend option may be changed from cash to reinvest. Dividends are reinvested on the ex-dividend date at the net asset value determined at the close of business on that date. Please note that shares purchased shortly before the record date for a dividend or distribution may have the effect of returning capital, although such dividends and distributions are subject to federal income taxes in the same manner as other distributions.

 

Federal Income Taxes

 

The following is intended to be a general summary of certain federal income tax consequences of investing in the Fund. It is not intended as a complete discussion of all such consequences or a discussion of circumstances applicable to certain types of shareholders. Investors are therefore advised to consult their tax advisors before making an investment decision.

 

Fund Taxation

 

The Fund intends to qualify and to continue to qualify each year as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). In order to so qualify, the Fund must, among other things, (i) derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships, (ii) distribute at least 90% of its dividend, interest and certain other taxable income each year and 90% of its net tax exempt income and (iii) at the end of each fiscal quarter (a) maintain at least 50% of the value of its total assets in cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities of issuers which represent, with respect to each issuer, no more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (b) have no more than 25% of the value of its total assets invested in the securities (other than those of the U.S. government or other RICs) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar or related trades and businesses or in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. The requirements for qualification as a RIC may significantly limit the extent to which the Fund may invest in some investments.

 

To the extent that the Fund qualifies for treatment as a RIC, it will not be subject to federal income tax on income and gains paid to shareholders in the form of dividends or capital gains distributions.

 

A federal excise tax at the rate of 4% will be imposed on the excess, if any, of the Fund’s “required distribution” over actual distributions in any calendar year. Generally, the “required distribution” is 98% of the Fund’s ordinary income for the calendar year plus 98.2% of its capital gain net income recognized during the one-year period ending on October 31 plus undistributed amounts from prior years. The Funds intend to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the excise tax.

 

If the Fund invests in certain pay-in-kind securities, zero coupon securities, deferred interest securities or, in general, any other securities with original issue discount (or with market discount if the 

 

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Fund elects to include market discount in income currently), the Fund must accrue income on such investments for each taxable year, which generally will be prior to the receipt of the corresponding cash payments. However, the Fund must distribute to shareholders, at least annually, all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid), including such accrued income, to avoid federal income and excise taxes. Therefore, the Fund may have to dispose of its portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances to generate cash, or may have to leverage itself by borrowing the cash, to satisfy these distribution requirements.

 

The Fund may acquire market discount bonds. A market discount bond is a security acquired in the secondary market at a price below its redemption value (or its adjusted issue price if it is also an original issue discount bond). If the Fund invests in a market discount bond, it generally will be required to treat any gain recognized on the disposition of such market discount bond as ordinary income (instead of capital gain) to the extent of the accrued market discount, unless the Fund elects to include the market discount in income as it accrues.

 

The Fund’s transactions, if any, in forward contracts, options, futures contracts and hedged investments may be subject to special provisions of the Code that, among other things, may affect the character of gain and loss realized by the Fund (i.e., may affect whether gain or loss is ordinary or capital), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund, defer the Fund’s losses, and affect whether capital gain and loss is characterized as long-term or short-term. These rules could therefore affect the character, amount and timing of distributions to shareholders. These provisions also may require the Fund to mark-to-market certain types of positions (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out), which may cause the Fund to recognize income without receiving cash with which to make distributions in amounts necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements for avoiding federal income and excise taxes. The Fund will monitor its transactions, make the appropriate tax elections, and make the appropriate entries in its books and records when it acquires any option, futures contract, forward contract, or hedged investment in order to mitigate the effect of these rules, prevent disqualification of the Fund as a RIC, and minimize the imposition of federal income and excise taxes.

 

If an option which the Fund has written expires on its stipulated expiration date, the Fund recognizes a short-term capital gain. If the Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction with respect to an option which the Fund has written, the Fund realizes a short-term capital gain (or loss if the cost of the closing transaction exceeds the premium received when the option was sold) without regard to any unrealized gain or loss on the underlying security, and the liability related to such option is extinguished. If a call option which the Fund has written is exercised, the Fund realizes a capital gain or loss from the sale of the underlying security and the proceeds from such sale are increased by the premium originally received.

 

If an option which the Fund has purchased expires on the stipulated expiration date, the Fund realizes a short-term or long-term capital loss for federal income tax purposes in the amount of the cost of the option. If the Fund exercises a put option, it realizes a capital gain or loss (long-term or short-term, depending on the holding period of the underlying security) from the sale of the underlying security which will be decreased by the premium originally paid.

 

Options held by the Fund at the end of each fiscal year on a broad-based stock index are treated under the Code as Section 1256 contracts and will be required to be “marked-to-market” (i.e., treated as if they were sold) for federal income tax purposes. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on such deemed sales or on any actual sales will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the remainder will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss (“60/40 gain or loss”). Certain other options, futures contracts and options on futures contracts utilized by the Fund are also Section 1256 contracts. These Section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year (and on October 31 of each year

 

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for purposes of the 4% excise tax) are also “marked-to-market” with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss, together with the gain or loss on actual sales, is treated as a 60/40 gain or loss.

 

The Fund’s entry into an option or certain other transactions could be treated as the constructive sale of an appreciated financial position, causing the Fund to realize gain, but not loss, on the position.

 

The application of certain requirements for qualification as a RIC and the application of certain other federal income tax rules may be unclear in some respects in connection with investments in certain derivatives and other investments. As a result, the Fund may be required to limit the extent to which it invests in such investments and it is also possible that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) may not agree with the Fund’s treatment of such investments. In addition, the tax treatment of derivatives and certain other investments may be affected by future legislation, Treasury Regulations and guidance issued by the IRS (which could apply retroactively) that could affect the timing, character and amount of the Fund’s income and gains and distributions to shareholders, affect whether the Fund has made sufficient distributions and otherwise satisfied the requirements to maintain its qualification as a RIC and avoid federal income and excise taxes or limit the extent to which the Fund may invest in certain derivatives and other investments in the future.

 

Generally, the character of the income or capital gains that the Fund receives from another investment company will pass through to the Fund’s shareholders as long as the Fund and the other investment company each qualify as RICs. However, to the extent that another investment company that qualifies as a RIC realizes net losses on its investments for a given taxable year, the Fund will not be able to recognize its share of those losses until it disposes of shares of such investment company. Moreover, even when the Fund does make such a disposition, a portion of its loss may be recognized as a long-term capital loss, which will not be treated as favorably for federal income tax purposes as an ordinary deduction. In particular, the Fund will not be able to offset any capital losses from its dispositions of shares of other investment companies against its ordinary income. As a result of the foregoing rules, and certain other special rules, it is possible that the amounts of net investment income and net capital gains that the Fund will be required to distribute to shareholders will be greater than such amounts would have been had the Fund invested directly in the securities held by the investment companies in which it invests, rather than investing in shares of the investment companies. For similar reasons, the character of distributions from the Fund (e.g., long-term capital gain, qualified dividend income, etc.) will not necessarily be the same as it would have been had the Fund invested directly in the securities held by the investment companies in which it invests.

 

The Fund may invest to a limited degree in entities that are treated as qualified publicly traded partnerships for federal income tax purposes. Net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership is included in the sources of income from which a RIC may derive 90% of its gross income. However, no more than 25% of the value of a RIC’s total assets at the end of each fiscal quarter may be invested in securities of qualified publicly traded partnerships. If an entity in which the Fund invests is taxed as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, the Fund will be taxed on its allocable share of the entity’s income regardless of whether the Fund receives any distribution from the entity. Thus, the Fund may be required to sell other securities in order to satisfy the distribution requirements to qualify as a RIC and to avoid federal income and excise taxes. Distributions to the Fund from an entity that is taxed as a partnership for federal income tax purposes will constitute a return of capital to the extent of the Fund’s basis in its interest in the entity. If the Fund’s basis is reduced to zero, distributions will constitute capital gain for federal income tax purposes.

 

Distributions from royalty income trusts will be treated as dividend income eligible under the 90% income test described above if the trust is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax

 

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purposes. The Fund will invest only in royalty income trusts that are expected to be treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

Under the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in exchange rates which occur between the time the Fund accrues income or receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects such income or pays such liabilities generally are treated as ordinary income or loss. Similarly, on disposition of debt securities denominated in a foreign currency and on disposition of certain other instruments, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency between the date of acquisition of the security or contract and the date of disposition also may be treated as ordinary gain or loss. These gains and losses, referred to under the Code as “Section 988” gains or losses, may increase or decrease the amount of the Fund’s investment company taxable income to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income.

 

If the Fund receives an “excess distribution” with respect to the stock of a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”), the Fund itself may be subject to federal income tax on a portion of the excess distribution, whether or not the corresponding income is distributed by the Fund to shareholders. In general, a foreign corporation is classified as a PFIC for a taxable year if at least 50% of its assets constitute certain investment-type assets or 75% or more of its gross income is certain investment-type income.

 

Under the PFIC rules, an excess distribution is treated as having been realized ratably over the period during which the Fund held the PFIC stock. The Fund itself will be subject to U.S. federal income tax (including interest) on the portion, if any, of an excess distribution that is so allocated to prior taxable years. Certain distributions from a PFIC as well as gain from the sale of PFIC stock are treated as excess distributions. Excess distributions are characterized as ordinary income even though, absent application of the PFIC rules, certain excess distributions might have been classified as capital gain.

 

Rather than being taxed on the PFIC income as discussed above, the Fund may be eligible to elect alternative tax treatment. Under an election that currently is available in certain circumstances, the Fund generally would be required to include in its gross income its share of the PFIC’s income and net capital gain annually, regardless of whether distributions are received from the PFIC in a given year. In addition, another election may be available that would involve marking to market the Fund’s PFIC shares at the end of each taxable year (and on certain other dates prescribed in the Code), with the result that unrealized gains are treated as though they were realized and treated as ordinary income or loss (subject to certain limitations). If this election were made, federal income tax at the Fund level under the PFIC rules would generally be eliminated, but the Fund could, in limited circumstances, incur nondeductible interest charges. The Fund’s intention to qualify annually as a RIC may limit its options with respect to PFIC shares.

 

Because the application of the PFIC rules may affect, among other things, the character of gains and the amount of gain or loss and the timing of the recognition of income with respect to PFIC shares, and may subject the Fund itself to tax on certain income from PFIC shares, the amount that must be distributed to shareholders and that will be taxed to shareholders as ordinary income or long-term capital gain may be increased or decreased as compared to the Fund that did not invest in PFIC shares.

 

The Fund’s investments in REITs may result in the Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings; if the Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to Fund shareholders for federal income tax purposes. Investments in REIT equity securities also may require the Fund to accrue and distribute income not yet received. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, the Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold. Dividends received by the Fund

 

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from a REIT will not qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction and generally will not constitute qualified dividend income (see “Shareholder Taxation” below).

 

The Fund may invest in REITs that hold residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”). Under a notice issued by the IRS, a portion of the Fund’s income from a REIT (or other pass-through entity) that is attributable to a residual interest in a REMIC (referred to in the Code as an “excess inclusion”) will be subject to federal income tax in all events. The notice provides that excess inclusion income of a RIC, such as the Fund, will be allocated to shareholders of the RIC in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related REMIC residual interest directly. In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (a) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (b) will constitute unrelated business taxable income to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on unrelated business income, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a federal income tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (c) in the case of a foreign shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. In addition, if at any time during any taxable year a “disqualified organization” (as defined by the Code) is a record holder of a share in a RIC, then the RIC will be subject to a tax equal to that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to the disqualified organization, multiplied by the highest federal income tax rate imposed on corporations.

 

Shareholder Taxation

 

Shareholders will be subject to federal income taxes on distributions made by the Fund whether received in cash or additional shares of the Fund. Distributions of net investment income (including any net short-term capital gain in excess of any net long-term capital loss), other than “qualified dividend income,” if any, will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Distributions of qualified dividend income, as such term is defined in Section 1(h)(11) of the Code (generally dividends received from U.S. domestic corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations), by the Fund to its non-corporate shareholders generally will be taxed at the federal income tax rates applicable to net capital gain, provided certain holding period and other requirements described below are satisfied. Dividends received from REITs and certain foreign corporations generally will not constitute qualified dividend income. Distributions of net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses), if any, will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain, without regard to how long a shareholder has held shares of the Fund. Long-term capital gains are generally taxable to individuals and other non-corporate taxpayers at a maximum federal income tax rate of 20%. Dividends paid by the Fund may also qualify in part for the 70% dividends received deduction available to corporate shareholders, provided that certain holding period and other requirements under the Code are satisfied. Generally, however, dividends received from most REITs and on stocks of foreign issuers are not eligible for the dividends received deduction when distributed to the Fund’s corporate shareholders.

 

To be eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income, shareholders generally must hold their shares for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date. In order for dividends received by the Fund’s shareholders to be treated as qualified dividend income, the Fund must also meet holding period and other requirements with respect to such dividend paying stocks it owns. A dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income at the Fund level if the dividend is received with respect to any share of stock held for 60 days or fewer during the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 90 days or fewer during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date). In addition to the above holding period requirements, a dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income (at either the Fund or shareholder level), (1) to the extent

 

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that the recipient is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, (2) if the recipient elects to have the dividend income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest, or (3) if the dividend is received from a foreign corporation that is (a) not eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with an exception for stock that is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States) or (b) treated as a PFIC.

 

If the Fund receives dividends from another investment company, including an ETF, that qualifies as a RIC and the investment company designates such dividends as qualified dividend income, then the Fund may in turn designate that portion of its distributions derived from those dividends as qualified dividend income, provided the Fund meets the holding period and other requirements with respect to its shares of the investment company.

 

Distributions declared by the Fund during October, November or December to shareholders of record during such month and paid by January 31 of the following year will be taxable in the year they are declared, rather than the year in which they are received. The Fund will notify its shareholders each year of the amount and type of dividends and distributions it paid.

 

Gain or loss realized upon a redemption or other disposition (such as an exchange) of shares of the Fund by a shareholder will generally be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year and, if not held for such period, as short-term capital gain or loss. Any loss on the sale or exchange of shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any long-term capital gain dividends paid to the shareholder with respect to such shares. Any loss a shareholder realizes on a sale or exchange of shares will be disallowed if the shareholder acquires other shares of the Fund (whether through the automatic reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) or substantially identical stock or securities within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the shareholder’s sale or exchange of the shares. In such case, the shareholder’s tax basis in the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Capital losses may be subject to limitations on their use by a shareholder.

 

When a shareholder opens an account, IRS regulations require that the shareholder provide a taxpayer identification number (TIN), certify that it is correct, and certify that he, she or it is not subject to backup withholding. If a shareholder fails to provide a TIN or the proper tax certifications, the Fund is required to withhold 28% of all distributions (including dividends and capital gain distributions) and redemption proceeds paid to the shareholder. The Fund is also required to begin backup withholding on an account if the IRS instructs it to do so. Amounts withheld may be applied to the shareholder’s federal income tax liability and the shareholder may obtain a refund from the IRS if withholding results in an overpayment of federal income tax for such year.

 

An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds a threshold amount.

 

Foreign Taxation

 

Income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries. Tax conventions between certain countries and the U.S. may reduce or eliminate such taxes. In addition, the Adviser and the Subadviser intend to manage the Fund with the intention of minimizing foreign taxation in cases where it is deemed prudent to do so. If more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of

 

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stock or securities of foreign corporations, the Fund will be eligible to elect to “pass through” to the Fund’s shareholders the amount of eligible foreign income and similar taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, a shareholder generally subject to federal income tax will be required to include in gross income (in addition to taxable dividends actually received) his or her pro rata share of foreign taxes in computing his or her taxable income and to use such amount as a foreign tax credit against his or her U.S. federal income tax liability or deduct such amount in lieu of claiming a credit, in each case subject to certain limitations. In particular, shareholders must hold their shares (without protection from risk of loss) for more than 15 days during the 31-day period beginning 15 days before the ex-dividend date to be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to such dividend. These same holding period rules also generally apply at the Fund level; thus if the Fund makes an election to pass through foreign taxes it must also hold the stock in such foreign corporations for such specified periods. No deduction for foreign taxes may be claimed by a shareholder who does not itemize deductions. Each shareholder will be notified after the close of the Fund’s taxable year whether the foreign taxes paid by the Fund will “pass through” for that year.

 

Generally, a credit for foreign taxes is subject to the limitation that it may not exceed the shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax attributable to his or her total foreign source taxable income. For this purpose, if the pass-through election is made by the Fund, the source of the Fund’s income will flow through to shareholders of the Fund. Gains from the sale of securities will be treated as derived from U.S. sources and certain currency fluctuation gains, including fluctuation gains from foreign currency-denominated debt securities, receivables and payables will be treated as ordinary income derived from U.S. sources. The limitation on the foreign tax credit is applied separately to foreign source passive income. Shareholders may be unable to claim a credit for the full amount of their proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by the Fund.

 

If the Fund does not satisfy the requirements for passing through to its shareholders their proportionate shares of any foreign taxes paid by the Fund, shareholders will not be required to include such taxes in their gross incomes and will not be entitled to a tax deduction or credit for such taxes on their own federal income tax returns.

 

Other Taxes

 

Dividends and distributions also may be subject to state and local taxes. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the application of federal, foreign, state and local taxes to their particular situation.

 

The foregoing discussion relates solely to U.S. federal income tax law as applied to U.S. investors. Non-U.S. investors should consult their tax advisers concerning the tax consequences of ownership of shares of the Fund, including the possibility that distributions may be subject to a 30% U.S. withholding tax (or a reduced rate of withholding provided by an applicable treaty). However, effective for taxable years of the Fund beginning before January 1, 2015, the Fund will generally not be required to withhold tax on any amounts paid to a non-U.S. investor with respect to dividends attributable to “qualified short-term gain” (i.e., the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss) designated as such by the Fund and dividends attributable to certain U.S. source interest income that would not be subject to federal withholding tax if earned directly by a non-U.S. person, provided such amounts are properly designated by the Fund. The Fund may choose not to designate such amounts.

 

The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”) generally requires the Fund to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders. If a shareholder fails to provide this information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA, the Fund may be required to withhold under FATCA at a rate of 30% with respect to that shareholder on Fund dividends and distributions and on the proceeds of the sale, redemption, or exchange of Fund shares. The Fund may disclose the information

 

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that it receives from (or concerning) its shareholders to the IRS, non-U.S. taxing authorities or other parties as necessary to comply with FATCA, related intergovernmental agreements or other applicable law or regulation. Each investor is urged to consult its tax advisor regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the investor’s own situation, including investments through an intermediary.

 

Special rules apply to foreign persons who receive distributions from the Fund that are attributable to gain from “United States real property interests” (“USRPIs”). The Code defines USRPIs to include direct holdings of U.S. real property and any interest (other than an interest solely as a creditor) in a “United States real property holding corporation” or former United States real property holding corporation. The Code defines a United States real property holding corporation as any corporation whose USRPIs make up 50% or more of the fair market value of its USRPIs, its interests in real property located outside the United States, plus any other assets it uses in a trade or business. In general, if the Fund is a United States real property holding company (determined without regard to certain exceptions), distributions by the Fund that are attributable to (a) gains realized on the disposition of USRPIs by the Fund and (b) distributions received by the Fund from a lower-tier RIC or REIT that the Fund is required to treat as USRPI gain in its hands will retain their character as gains realized from USRPIs in the hands of the foreign persons. (However, absent the enactment of legislation, on or after January 1, 2014, this “look-through” treatment for distributions by the Fund to foreign persons applies only to such distributions that are attributable to distributions received by the Fund from a lower-tier REIT and are required to be treated as USRPI gain in the Fund’s hands.) If the foreign shareholder holds (or has held at any time during the prior year) more than a 5% interest in a class of stock of the Fund, such distributions received by the shareholder with respect to such class of stock will be treated as gains “effectively connected” with the conduct of a “U.S. trade or business,” and subject to tax at graduated rates. Moreover, such shareholders will be required to file a U.S. income tax return for the year in which the gain was recognized and the Fund will be required to withhold 35% of the amount of such distribution. In the case of all other foreign persons (i.e., those whose interest in the Fund did not exceed 5% at any time during the prior year), the USRPI distribution will be treated as ordinary income (regardless of any designation by the Fund that such distribution is qualified short-term gain or net capital gain) and the Fund must withhold 30% (or a lower applicable treaty rate) of the amount of the distribution paid to such foreign persons. It is currently unclear whether Congress will extent the “look-through” provisions described above for distributions made on or after January 1, 2014, and what the terms of any such extension would be.

 

In addition, if the Fund is a United States real property holding corporation or former United States real property holding corporation, the Fund may be required to withhold U.S. tax upon a redemption of shares by a greater-than-5% shareholder that is a foreign person, and that shareholder would be required to file a U.S. income tax return for the year of the disposition of the USRPI and pay any additional tax due on the gain. Prior to January 1, 2015, no withholding is generally required with respect to amounts paid in redemption of shares of the Fund if the Fund is a domestically controlled qualified investment entity, or, in certain other limited cases, if the Fund (whether or not domestically controlled) holds substantial investments in RICs that are domestically controlled qualified investment entities. Unless legislation is enacted, beginning on January 1, 2015, such withholding will be required, without regard to whether the Fund or any RIC in which it invests is domestically controlled.

 

Performance Information

 

From time to time, the Trust may include general comparative information, such as statistical data regarding inflation, securities indices or the features or performance of alternative investments, in advertisements, sales literature and reports to shareholders. The Trust may also include calculations in

 

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these communications, such as hypothetical compounding examples or tax-free compounding examples, which describe hypothetical investment results. Such performance examples will be based on an express set of assumptions and are not indicative of the performance of the Fund.

 

From time to time, the yield and total return of the Fund may be quoted in advertisements, shareholder reports or other communications to shareholders.

 

Financial Statements

 

Because the Fund has not yet commenced operations, no financial information is available. When available, the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports will be available upon request and without charge.

 

Other Information

 

The Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI do not contain all the information included in the Registration Statement filed with the SEC under the 1933 Act with respect to the securities offered by the Trust’s Prospectus. Certain portions of the Registration Statement have been omitted from the Prospectus and this SAI pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. The Registration Statement, including the exhibits filed therewith, may be examined at the office of the SEC in Washington, D.C.

 

Statements contained in the Prospectus or in this SAI as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete. In each instance reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which the Prospectus and this SAI forms a part. Each such statement is qualified in all respects by such reference.

 

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Appendix A

 

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 

1.          Aston Funds

 

2.          River Road Asset Management, LLC

 

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ASTON FUNDS
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 

1.         Definitions.

 

“Sub-Adviser” shall mean any investment adviser hired to implement and oversee the investment program of a respective Fund through a sub-investment advisory agreement with Aston. The term includes all sub-advisers to the Funds.

 

“Sub-Advisers’ Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures” shall mean the Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures of each Sub-Adviser, as amended from time to time.

 

“Board” shall mean the Board of Trustees of Aston Funds.

 

“Fund” shall mean a series of Aston Funds.

 

“Fund Management” shall mean the Chief Executive Officer, President or Chief Compliance Officer of Aston Funds.

 

“Trust” shall mean Aston Funds.

 

2.         Delegation of Proxy Voting Authority. The Trust has delegated to the applicable Sub-Adviser responsibility for voting all proxies for which the Fund is entitled to vote in accordance with the Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures of each Sub-Adviser, and each Sub-Adviser has accepted such delegation. Each Sub-Adviser shall provide the Board with a copy of its Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures and such other information that the Board deems necessary.

 

3.         Limitations on the Advisers’ Responsibilities.

 

(i)         Limited Value. Each Sub-Adviser may abstain from voting the Fund proxy if it concludes that the Fund’s economic interests or the value of the portfolio holding is indeterminable or insignificant.

 

(ii)        Unjustifiable Costs. Each Sub-Adviser may abstain from voting the Fund proxy for cost reasons (e.g., cost associated with voting proxies of non-U.S. securities). In accordance with the Sub-Adviser’s duties, it shall weigh the costs and benefits of voting proxy proposals relating to foreign securities and shall make an informed decision with respect to whether voting a given proxy proposal is prudent. The Sub-Adviser’s decision shall take into account the effect that the Fund’s vote, either by itself or together with other votes, is expected to have on the value of the Fund’s investment and whether this expected effect would outweigh the cost of voting.

 

(iii)       Fund Restrictions. Each Sub-Adviser shall vote Fund proxies in accordance with any applicable investment restrictions of the affected Fund.

 

(iv)      Board Direction. Notwithstanding the foregoing delegation to the Sub-Advisers, the Board may from time to time direct a Sub-Adviser to vote the Fund’s proxies in a manner that is different from the guidelines set forth in the Sub-Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures. After its receipt of any such direction, the Sub-Adviser shall follow any such direction for proxies received after its receipt of such direction.

 

4.         Subdelegation. Each Sub-Adviser may delegate its responsibilities under these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures to a third party, provided that no such delegation shall relieve the Sub-

 

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Adviser of its responsibilities hereunder and the Sub-Adviser shall retain final authority and fiduciary responsibility for proxy voting. If a Sub-Adviser delegates such responsibilities, the Sub-Adviser shall monitor the delegate’s compliance with these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures.

 

5.         Proxy Voting Expense. Each Sub-Adviser shall bear all expenses associated with voting its proxies and complying with applicable laws related to voting proxies (including expenses associated with engaging third parties to vote the Fund’s proxies. Each Fund shall promptly reimburse the applicable Sub-Adviser for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred by such Sub-Adviser in performing services related to Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc. maintaining the Fund’s proxy voting records or filings on Form N-PX.

 

6.         Conflicts of Interest. Each Sub-Adviser shall follow the Conflict of Interest provisions set forth in its Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures. Until such time as each Sub-Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures address conflicts of interest, each Sub-Adviser shall comply with the following procedures: the Sub-Adviser shall review each Fund proxy to assess the extent, if any, to which there may be a material conflict between the interests of the applicable Fund on the one hand and the Sub-Adviser and its affiliates, directors, officers, employees (and other similar persons) on the other hand (a “potential conflict”). The Sub-Adviser shall perform this assessment on a proposal-by-proposal basis and a potential conflict with respect to one proposal in a proxy shall not indicate that a potential conflict exists with respect to any other proposal in such proxy. If the Sub-Adviser determines that a potential conflict may exist, it shall promptly report the matter to Fund Management. Fund Management shall determine whether a potential conflict exists and is authorized to resolve any such conflict in a manner that is in the collective best interests of the applicable Fund and Sub-Adviser’s other clients (excluding any client that may have a potential conflict). Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Fund Management may resolve a potential conflict in any of the following manners:

 

(i)         If the proposal that gives rise to a potential conflict is specifically addressed in the applicable Sub-Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures, Fund Management may direct the Sub-Adviser to vote the proxy in accordance with the pre-determined policies and guidelines set forth in the Sub-Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures; provided that such pre-determined policies and guidelines involve little discretion on the part of the Sub-Adviser;

 

(ii)        Fund Management may disclose the potential conflict to the Board and obtain the Board’s consent before directing the Sub-Adviser to vote in the manner approved by the Board;

 

(iii)       Fund Management may direct the Sub-Adviser to engage an independent third-party to determine how the proxy should be voted; or

 

(iv)      Fund Management may direct the Sub-Adviser to establish an ethical wall or other informational barriers between the person(s) that are involved in the potential conflict and the person(s) making the voting decision in order to insulate the potential conflict from the decision maker.

 

Each Sub-Adviser shall use commercially reasonable efforts to determine whether a potential conflict may exist, and a potential conflict shall be deemed to exist if and only if one or more of the Sub-Adviser’s senior account representatives actually knew or reasonably should have known of the potential conflict.

 

7.         Approval of Material Changes. Any material changes to the Trust’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures shall be promptly submitted to the Board for approval. Any material changes in the applicable Sub-Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures shall be reported to the Board at the next quarterly meeting following such changes.

 

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8.         Reports to the Board. At each quarterly meeting of the Board, each Sub-Adviser shall submit a report to the Board (Exhibit A) describing:

 

(i)         any issues arising under these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures since the last report to the Board and the resolution of such issues, including but not limited to, information about conflicts of interest not addressed in such Policies and Procedures; and

 

(ii)        any proxy votes taken by the Sub-Adviser on behalf of the Funds since the last report to the Board which were exceptions from the Sub-Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures and the reasons for any such exceptions.

 

In addition, no less frequently than annually, Fund Management shall furnish to the Board, and the Board shall consider, a written report identifying any recommended changes in existing policies based upon the Sub-Advisers’ experience under these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures and each Sub-Adviser’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures, evolving industry practices and developments in applicable laws or regulations.

 

9.         Maintenance of Records. Each Sub-Adviser shall maintain at its principal place of business the records required to be maintained by the applicable Fund with respect to proxies by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, in accordance with the requirements and interpretations thereof. Each Sub-Adviser must maintain proxy statements that it receives regarding Fund securities, but need not to the extent that such proxy statements are available on the SEC’s EDGAR system. The Sub-Advisers may also rely upon a third party to maintain certain records required to be maintained by the Advisers Act and 1940 Act. Each Sub-Adviser shall maintain and provide such records to the Fund in a mutually agreeable format for filing by the Fund on Form N-PX. Each Adviser acknowledges that the records maintained under the 1940 Act are the property of the Fund and agrees to transfer such records to the Fund upon request.

 

Adopted: November 30, 2006

 

Amended: September 30, 2007

 

Amended: September 30, 2010

 

Amended: June 13, 2011

 

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River Road Asset Management, LLC
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

 

Proxy Voting

Policy

 

River Road exercises discretionary voting authority over proxies issued on securities held in client accounts unless the client has explicitly reserved voting authority. Our policy and practice includes the responsibility to receive and vote client proxies, mitigate any potential conflicts of interest, make information available to clients about the voting of proxies for their portfolio securities, and maintain required records. River Road, as a matter of policy and as a fiduciary to our clients, votes proxies for client securities consistent with the best economic interests of the clients. River Road engages a third-party voting agent, Glass Lewis & Co. (“Glass Lewis”), to help discharge its duties.

 

Background

 

Registered investment advisers that exercise voting authority with respect to client securities are required by Rule 206(4)-6 of the Advisers Act to do the following:

 

§Adopt and implement written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that client securities are voted in the best interests of clients, which must include how an adviser addresses material conflicts that may arise between an adviser's interests and those of its clients;
§Disclose to clients how they may obtain information from the adviser with respect to the voting of proxies for their securities; and
§Describe to clients a summary of its proxy voting policies and procedures and, upon request, furnish a copy to its clients.

 

Advisers also must maintain certain records relating to proxy voting activities (See Books and Records).

 

Responsibility

 

The Proxy Voting Policy Committee, the Proxy Voting Procedure Committee, and the Compliance Department are responsible for implementing and monitoring this policy.

 

Procedure

 

River Road has adopted the following procedures to implement and monitor the firm’s policy:

 

Proxy Committees:

 

River Road established two proxy committees to oversee proxy voting activities.

 

The Proxy Voting Policy Committee is responsible for establishing voting guidelines and reviewing special issues. The Committee consists at a minimum of the Chief Investment Officer, the Director of Research, the Chief Compliance Officer, and a Compliance Department proxy designee (“Proxy Designee”). The Committee meets annually to review Glass Lewis’ proxy voting guidelines. The Committee must determine and document where River Road disagrees with the agent’s guidelines, if at all, and determine necessary action, if any. The Committee is responsible for adopting the final voting

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guidelines. The minutes from the meeting will be distributed to the investment team (as necessary) for their reference as they make voting decisions throughout the year. Meetings may be called by any Committee member throughout the year, based on issues that arise.

 

The Proxy Voting Procedure Committee is responsible for operational and procedural aspects of the proxy voting process.  The Committee consists at a minimum of the Chief Compliance Officer and the Proxy Designee.  The Committee meets annually to review operational or procedural issues related to the proxy process. Meetings may be called by any Committee member throughout the year, based on issues that arise.

 

Voting Agent: Glass Lewis performs the following services:

 

§provides analysis of proxy proposals,
§tracks and receives proxies for which River Road clients are entitled to vote,
§votes the proxies as directed by River Road, and
§compiles and provides client voting records.

 

Voting Process:

 

The Proxy Designee coordinates the proxy voting process. The steps for reviewing and submitting votes are as follows:

 

§The Proxy Designee reviews the Glass Lewis web-based system on at least a weekly basis for upcoming meetings.
§The Proxy Designee reconciles the number of ballots reflected by Glass Lewis to River Road’s records and reports any discrepancies to Glass Lewis for follow up. River Road makes its best efforts to ensure that all shares are voted. However, issues with receiving ballots from client custodians may prevent voting for a particular account. River Road continues to follow up with Glass Lewis and the custodian where necessary until issues are resolved.
§If the policy recommendation and the management recommendation for all votes on a ballot are the same, the Proxy Designee will vote accordingly.
§If the policy recommendation and management recommendation are different for a particular vote, the Proxy Designee distributes Glass Lewis’ proxy paper for the upcoming meeting to the appropriate member of the investment team. The investment team member is responsible for reviewing the proxy paper and making the appropriate vote decision based on this policy and the Proxy Voting Policy meeting minutes. Where the investment team member decides to vote differently from the policy recommendation, they must document the investment rationale. The Proxy Designee then obtains prior approval from the Chief Compliance Officer, the Compliance Manager, or their designee before submitting the vote decision.

 

Client Direction: River Road's policy is to vote all proxies the same way for each client. Clients are permitted to place reasonable restrictions on River Road’s voting authority by providing their own voting guidelines. If clients provide River Road with their voting guidelines and River Road accepts them, River Road will instruct the voting agent to vote proxies pursuant to the client guidelines.

 

Conflicts of Interest: River Road has eliminated most conflicts of interest by using an independent third party (Glass Lewis) that votes pursuant to the guidelines adopted by the Proxy Voting Policy Committee or in accordance with River Road’s direction after following this process. In cases where River Road believes there may be an actual or perceived conflict of interest, River Road requires additional steps that may include the following:

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§documenting the potential conflict of interest,
§obtaining the prior approval of the Chief Investment Officer and CCO,
§obtaining Committee review or approval,
§deferring to the voting recommendation of a third party,
§voting pursuant to client direction (following disclosure of the conflict),
§abstaining from voting,
§voting reflectively (in the same proportion and manner as other shareholders), or
§taking such other action as necessary to protect the interests of clients.

 

River Road will maintain a record of the voting resolution of any conflict of interest.

 

Securities Lending: Where clients have implemented securities lending programs, River Road will be unable to vote proxies for securities on loan unless it issues instructions to the client custodian to callback the securities prior to record date. River Road typically does not instruct custodians to callback securities.

 

Disclosure and Client Requests for Information: River Road discloses a summary of this policy and information on how clients may obtain a copy of this policy and records of how River Road voted securities for their accounts in Form ADV Part 2A. Employees that receive a client request for information regarding proxy votes or policies and procedures must forward such request to the Compliance Department where necessary. The Compliance Department is responsible for gathering the relevant information.

 

Testing: The Compliance Department typically performs a monthly review of reconciliations and proxy voting records to ensure the process is being followed.

 

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PART C: OTHER INFORMATION

 

ITEM 28.   EXHIBITS

 

(a)(1)Trust Instrument dated September 10, 1993 is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registration Statement as filed on April 16, 1996.

 

(2)State of Delaware Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Trust dated February 25, 1998 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 to the Registration Statement as filed on September 21, 2001.

 

(3)State of Delaware Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Trust dated September 10, 2001 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(3) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 to the Registration Statement as filed on September 21, 2001.

 

(4)State of Delaware Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Trust dated November 29, 2006 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 to the Registration Statement as filed on November 30, 2006.

 

(b)(1)Amended and Restated By-Laws dated July 8, 2010 are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (b)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 116 to the Registration Statement as filed on October 20, 2010.

 

(c)Not applicable.

 

(d)(1)Investment Advisory Agreement dated May 30, 2014 between Aston Funds and Aston Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 159 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 19, 2014.

 

(2)Form of Revised Schedules A and B to the Investment Advisory Agreement between Aston Funds and Aston Asset Management, LLC to be filed by amendment.

 

(3)Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement dated May 30, 2014 between Aston Asset Management, LLC and Montag & Caldwell, LLC, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(3) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(4)Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement dated June 30, 2014 between Aston Asset Management, LLC and River Road Asset Management, LLC with respect to ASTON/River Road Dividend All Cap Value Fund, ASTON/River Road Small Cap Value Fund, ASTON/River Road Select Value Fund and ASTON/River Road Long-Short Fund is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(5)Form of Revised Schedule A to the Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement dated June 30, 2014 between Aston Asset Management, LLC and River Road Asset Management, LLC to be filed by amendment.

 

(6)Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement dated June 30, 2014 between Aston Asset Management, LLC and River Road Asset Management, LLC with respect to ASTON/River Road Dividend All Cap Value Fund II is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(5) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

1

 
(7)Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement dated June 30, 2014 between Aston Asset Management LLC and River Road Asset Management, LLC with respect to ASTON/River Road Independent Value Fund is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(6) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(8)Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement dated May 30, 2014 between Aston Asset Management, LLC and Taplin, Canida, and Habacht, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(7) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(9)Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement dated May 30, 2014 between Aston Asset Management, LLC and Baring International Investment Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(8) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(10)Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement dated May 30, 2014 between Aston Asset Management, LLC and Lake Partners, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(9) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(11)Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement dated May 30, 2014 between Aston Asset Management, LLC and Herndon Capital Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(10) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(12)Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement dated May 30, 2014 between Aston Asset Management, LLC and DoubleLine Capital LP is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(11) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(13)Advisory and Sub-Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement dated March 21, 2013 by and among Aston Asset Management LLC, Aston Funds and DoubleLine Capital LP is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(12) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(14)Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement dated May 30, 2014 between Aston Asset Management, LLC and Silvercrest Asset Management Group LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(13) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(15)Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement dated May 30, 2014 between Aston Asset Management, LLC and Cornerstone Investment Partners, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(14) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(16)Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement dated May 30, 2014 between Aston Asset Management, LLC and Harrison Street Securities, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(15) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

2

 

 

(17)Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement dated May 30, 2014 between Aston Asset Management, LLC and LMCG Investments, LLC (formerly known as Lee Munder Capital Group, LLC) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(16) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(18)Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement dated May 30, 2014 between Aston Asset Management, LLC and Anchor Capital Advisors LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(17) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(19)Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement dated May 30, 2014 between Aston Asset Management LLC and Pictet Asset Management Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(18) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(20)Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement dated May 30, 2014 between Aston Asset Management LLC and Guardian Capital LP is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(19) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(21)Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement dated May 30, 2014 between Aston Asset Management, LLC and Fairpointe Capital LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(21) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 159 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 19, 2014.

 

(22)Revised Schedules A and B to the Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement between Aston Asset Management, LLC and Fairpointe Capital LLC are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(21) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(23)Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement dated May 30, 2014 between Aston Asset Management, LLC and TAMRO Capital Partners, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(23) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 159 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 19, 2014.

 

(24)Revised Schedules A and B to the Sub-Investment Advisory Agreement between Aston Asset Management, LLC and TAMRO Capital Partners, LLC are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(23) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(e)(1)Distribution Agreement between ABN AMRO Funds (currently known as Aston Funds) and ABN AMRO Distribution Services (USA), Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 36 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 28, 2001.

 

(2)Amended Schedule A to the Distribution Agreement between ABN AMRO Funds (currently known as Aston Funds) and ABN AMRO Distribution Services (USA), Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 36 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 28, 2001.

3

 
(3)Amendment No. 1 to Distribution Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e)(3) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 47 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 28, 2003.

 

(4)Amendment No. 2 to Distribution Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 47 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 28, 2003.

 

(5)Amendment No. 3 to Distribution Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e)(5) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 47 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 28, 2003.

 

(6)Distribution Agreement between Aston Funds and BNY Mellon Distributors, Inc. (currently known as Foreside Funds Distributors, LLC) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e)(7) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registration Statement as filed on August 6, 2010.

 

(7)Distribution Agreement between Aston Funds and Foreside Funds Distributors, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e)(7) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 144 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 28, 2012.

 

(8)Form of Revised Schedule A to the Distribution Agreement to be filed by amendment.

 

(9)Form of Selling/Services Agreement for Aston Funds is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e)(8) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 108 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 26, 2010.

 

(10)ABN AMRO Assignment Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e)(9) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 74 to the Registration Statement as filed on November 30, 2006.

 

(11)Mutual Fund Service Agent Agreement for Wrap Processing is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e)(13) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 84 to the Registration Statement as filed on July 31, 2007.

 

(f)Not applicable.

 

(g)(1)Custodian Services Agreement dated May 5, 2003 by and between PFPC Trust Company and ABN AMRO Funds (currently known as Aston Funds) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (g)(9) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 as filed on June 30, 2003.

 

(2)Amendment to the Custodian Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (g)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 58 to the Registration Statement as filed on June 23, 2005.

4

 

 

(3)Russian Addendum to the Custodian Services Agreement for Aston/Barings International Fund is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (g)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 102 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 27, 2009.

 

(4)Amendment to the Custodian Services Agreement dated December 18, 2009 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (g)(6) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 108 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 26, 2010.

 

(5)Letter Agreement between Aston Funds and The Bank of New York Mellon appointing The Bank of New York Mellon as Foreign Custody Manager is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (g)(7) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 139 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 29, 2012.

 

(6)Amended and Restated Exhibit A to the Letter Agreement between Aston Funds and The Bank of New York Mellon appointing The Bank of New York Mellon as Foreign Custody Manager is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (g)(6) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(7)Amendment to Custodian Services Agreement dated July 1, 2012 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (g)(7) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 144 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 28, 2012.

 

(8)Amendment to Custodian Services Agreement dated December 19, 2014 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (g)(8) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(9)Amended and Restated Exhibit A to the Custodian Services Agreement to be filed by amendment.

 

(h)(1)Transfer Agency Services Agreement between Alleghany Funds (currently known as Aston Funds) and PFPC Inc. (currently known as BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc.), dated April 1, 2000, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to the Registration Statement as filed on June 30, 2000.

 

(2)Amendment No. 1 to the Transfer Agency Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to the Registration Statement as filed on June 30, 2000.

 

(3)Amendment No. 2 to the Transfer Agency Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 26 to the Registration Statement as filed on March 1, 2001.

 

(4)Amendment No. 3 to the Transfer Agency Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 51 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 27, 2004.

 

(5)Amendment No. 4 to the Transfer Agency Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(5) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 51 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 27, 2004.

5

 
(6)Amendment No. 5 to the Transfer Agency Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(6) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 51 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 27, 2004.

 

(7)Amendment No. 6 to the Transfer Agency Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(7) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 51 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 27, 2004.

 

(8)Compliance Support Services Amendment to Transfer Agency Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference as Exhibit (h)(9) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 29, 2004.

 

(9)Anti-Money Laundering and Privacy Amendment to the Transfer Agency Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(9) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 25, 2005.

 

(10)Customer Identification Services Amendment to Transfer Agency Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(10) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 25, 2005.

 

(11)Amendment to the Transfer Agency Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(12) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 58 to the Registration Statement as filed on June 23, 2005.

 

(12)Section 312 Foreign Financial Institution Amendment to the Transfer Agency Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(15) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 76 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 22, 2006.

 

(13)Amendment to Transfer Agency Services Agreement Regarding Red Flag Services is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(15) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 106 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2009.

 

(14)Amendment to the Transfer Agency Services Agreement dated December 18, 2009 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(14) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 108 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 26, 2010.

 

(15)Amendment to Transfer Agency Services Agreement dated July 1, 2012 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(16) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 144 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 28, 2012.

 

(16)Form of Amendment to Transfer Agency Services Agreement, including Forms of Amended Exhibit A and Amended Exhibit B thereto, to be filed by amendment.

 

(17)Administration Agreement between Alleghany Funds (currently known as Aston Funds) and Alleghany Investment Services, Inc. dated June 17, 1999, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 to the Registration Statement as filed on June 28, 1999.

 

(18)Amendment No. 1 to the Administration Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(3) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to the Registration Statement as filed on June 30, 2000.

6

 
(19)Amendment No. 2 to the Administration Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 24 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 29, 2000.

 

(20)Amendment No. 3 to the Administration Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(9) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 36 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 28, 2001.

 

(21)Amendment No. 4 to the Administration Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(10) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 36 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 28, 2001.

 

(22)Amendment No. 5 to the Administration Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(13) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 47 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 28, 2003.

 

(23)Amendment No. 6 to the Administration Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(14) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 47 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 28, 2003.

 

(24)Amendment No. 7 to the Administration Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(15) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 47 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 28, 2003.

 

(25)Amendment No. 8 to the Administration Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(19) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2003.

 

(26)Amendment No. 9 to the Administration Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(20) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 51 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 27, 2004.

 

(27)Amendment No. 10 to the Administration Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(24) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 58 to the Registration Statement as filed on June 23, 2005.

 

(28)Amendment No. 11 to the Administration Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(28) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 144 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 28, 2012.

 

(29)Form of Revised Schedule C to the Administration Agreement to be filed by amendment.

 

(30)Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement between Alleghany Investment Services Inc. and PFPC Inc. (currently known as BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US) Inc.), dated April 1, 2000, is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to the Registration Statement as filed on June 30, 2000.

 

(31)Amendment No. 1 to the Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(5) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to the Registration Statement as filed on June 30, 2000.

7

 
(32)Amendment No. 2 to the Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 26 to the Registration Statement as filed on March 1, 2001.

 

(33)Amendment No. 3 to the Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(24) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 25, 2005.

 

(34)Amendment No. 4 to the Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(25) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 25, 2005.

 

(35)Amendment No. 5 to the Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(26) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 25, 2005.

 

(36)Amendment No. 6 to the Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(27) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 25, 2005.

 

(37)Amendment to Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(29) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 25, 2005.

 

(38)Amendment to the Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(35) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 58 to the Registration Statement as filed on June 23, 2005.

 

(39)Revised Schedule B to the Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(36) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 97 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 28, 2008.

 

(40)Amendment to the Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(35) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 102 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 27, 2009.

 

(41)Amendment to the Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(36) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 104 to the Registration Statement as filed on October 5, 2009.

 

(42)Amendment to the Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(41) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 108 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 26, 2010.

 

(43)Amendment to the Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement dated July 1, 2012 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(44) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 144 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 28, 2012.

 

(44)Amendment to the Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement dated June 1, 2013 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(45) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 151 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 28, 2014.

8

 
(45)Amended and Restated Exhibit A to the Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement to be filed by amendment.

 

(46)Expense Reimbursement Agreement dated as of May 30, 2014 by and between Aston Funds and Aston Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(46) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 159 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 19, 2014.

 

(47)Form of Amended and Restated Schedule A to the Expense Reimbursement Agreement to be filed by amendment.

 

(i)Opinion of Vedder Price P.C. to be filed by amendment.

 

(j)Not applicable.

 

(k)Not applicable.

 

(l)Not applicable.

 

(m)(1)Distribution and Services Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (m)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 to the Registration Statement as filed on September 21, 2001.

 

(2)Amended Schedule A to Distribution and Services Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (m)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 36 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 28, 2001.

 

(3)Distribution and Services Plan dated June 21, 2001, and amended December 20, 2001 and March 21, 2002, pursuant to Rule 12b-1 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (m)(3) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 to the Registration Statement as filed on July 3, 2002.

 

(4)Distribution and Services Plan dated June 20, 2002, pursuant to Rule 12b-1 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (m)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 to the Registration Statement as filed on July 3, 2002.

 

(5)Revised Schedule A to Distribution and Services Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 to be filed by amendment.

 

(6)Amended and Restated Distribution and Services Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (m)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 to the Registration Statement as filed on September 21, 2001.

 

(7)Amended and Restated Distribution and Services Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (m)(10) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 to the Registration Statement as filed on October 28, 2002.

 

(8)Revised Schedule A to Amended and Restated Distribution and Services Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (m)(8) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 151 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 28, 2014.

9

 
(9)Revised Schedule A to Amended and Restated Distribution and Services Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (m)(9) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 144 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 28, 2012.

 

(n)(1)Multiple Class Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (n) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 to the Registration Statement as filed on September 21, 2001.

 

(2)Amended Schedule A to Multiple Class Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (n)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 36 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 28, 2001.

 

(3)Amended Schedule A to Multiple Class Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (n)(3) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 to the Registration Statement as filed on July 3, 2002.

 

(4)Amended Multiple Class Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (n)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 to the Registration Statement as filed on July 3, 2002.

 

(5)Amended Multiple Class Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (n)(5) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 to the Registration Statement as filed on October 28, 2002.

 

(6)Amended Schedule A to Multiple Class Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (n)(6) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 129 to the Registration Statement as filed on May 27, 2011.

 

(7)Amended and Restated Multiple Class Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (n)(7) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 133 to the Registration Statement as filed on July 13, 2011.

 

(o)(1)Power of Attorney dated June 24, 2010 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (o)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registration Statement as filed on August 6, 2010.

 

(2)Power of Attorney dated April 17, 2014 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (o)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 156 to the Registration Statement as filed on May 12, 2014.

 

(p)(1)Amended Code of Ethics of Aston Funds is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 116 to the Registration Statement as filed on October 20, 2010.

 

(2)Amended Code of Ethics of River Road Asset Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(3)Amended and Restated Code of Ethics of Aston Asset Management, LP (currently known as Aston Asset Management, LLC) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(7) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 133 to the Registration Statement as filed on July 13, 2011.

10

 
(4)Amended Code of Ethics of Taplin, Canida & Habacht, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(8) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 123 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 28, 2011.

 

(5)Amended Code of Ethics of Baring International Investment Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(5) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 151 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 28, 2014.

 

(6)Amended Code of Ethics of TAMRO Capital Partners, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(6) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 151 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 28, 2014.

 

(7)Amended Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice of Montag & Caldwell LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(7) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 151 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 28, 2014.

 

(8)Code of Ethics of Lake Partners, Inc. is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(17) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 103 to the Registration Statement as filed on March 30, 2009.

 

(9)Amended Code of Ethics of Herndon Capital Management, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(9) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(10)Amended Code of Ethics of DoubleLine Capital LP is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(10) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

(11)Code of Ethics of Silvercrest Asset Management Group LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(22) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 136 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 21, 2011.

 

(12)Code of Ethics of Fairpointe Capital LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(18) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 137 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2011.

 

(13)Code of Ethics of Cornerstone Investment Partners, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(19) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 137 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2011.

 

(14)Amended Code of Ethics of Harrison Street Securities, LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(14) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 151 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 28, 2014.

 

(15)Amended Code of Ethics of LMCG Investments, LLC (formerly known as Lee Munder Capital Group, LLC) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(15) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 151 to the Registration Statement as filed on February 28, 2014.

11

 
(16)Amended Code of Ethics of Anchor Capital Advisors LLC is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(18) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 144 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 28, 2012.

 

(17)Code of Ethics of Pictet Asset Management Limited is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(17) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 154 to the Registration Statement as filed on April 9, 2014.

 

(18)Amended Code of Ethics of Guardian Capital LP is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(18) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 160 to the Registration Statement as filed on December 30, 2014.

 

ITEM 29.   PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH THE FUND

 

None.

 

ITEM 30.   INDEMNIFICATION

 

Section 10.2 of the Registrant’s Trust Instrument provides as follows:

 

10.2           Indemnification. Aston Funds (the “Trust”) shall indemnify each of its Trustees against all liabilities and expenses (including amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise, as fines and penalties, and as counsel fees) reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, in which he may be involved or with which he may be threatened, while as a Trustee or thereafter, by reason of his being or having been such a Trustee except with respect to any matter as to which he shall have been adjudicated to have acted in bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his duties, provided that as to any matter disposed of by a compromise payment by such person, pursuant to a consent decree or otherwise, no indemnification either for said payment or for any other expenses shall be provided unless the Trust shall have received a written opinion from independent legal counsel approved by the Trustees to the effect that if either the matter of willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard of duty, or the matter of bad faith had been adjudicated, it would in the opinion of such counsel have been adjudicated in favor of such person. The rights accruing to any person under these provisions shall not exclude any other right to which he may be lawfully entitled, provided that no person may satisfy any right of indemnity or reimbursement hereunder except out of the property of the Trust. The Trustees may make advance payments in connection with the indemnification under this Section 10.2, provided that the indemnified person shall have given a written undertaking to reimburse the Trust in the event it is subsequently determined that he is not entitled to such indemnification.

 

The Trust shall indemnify officers, and shall have the power to indemnify representatives and employees of the Trust, to the same extent that Trustees are entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Section 10.2.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the 1933 Act may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in that Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in that Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

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Section 10.3 of the Registrant’s Trust Instrument, also provides for the indemnification of shareholders of the Registrant. Section 10.3 states as follows:

 

10.3           Shareholders. In case any Shareholder or former Shareholder of any Series shall be held to be personally liable solely by reason of his being or having been a shareholder of such Series and not because of his acts or omissions or for some other reason, the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or his heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives or, in the case of a corporation or other entity, its corporate or other general successor) shall be entitled out of the assets belonging to the applicable Series to be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising from such liability. The Trust, on behalf of the affected Series, shall, upon request by the Shareholder, assume the defense of any claim made against the Shareholder for any act or obligation of the Series and satisfy any judgment thereon from the assets of the Series.

 

In addition, the Registrant currently has a trustees’ and officers’ liability policy covering certain types of errors and omissions.

 

ITEM 31.   BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF THE INVESTMENT ADVISER

 

Aston Asset Management, LLC (“Aston”) is a registered investment adviser providing investment management services to the Registrant.

 

The information required by this Item 31 with respect to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by Aston and the directors and officers of Aston during the past two years is incorporated by reference to Form ADV filed by Aston pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (SEC File Nos. 801-71598 and 801-66837).

 

ITEM 32.   PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITERS

 

(a)           Foreside Funds Distributors LLC (the “Distributor”) serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended:

 

1.Aston Funds
2.E.I.I. Realty Securities Trust
3.FundVantage Trust
4.GuideStone Funds
5.Kalmar Pooled Investment Trust
6.Matthews International Funds (d/b/a Matthews Asia Funds)
7.Metropolitan West Funds
8.The Motley Fool Funds Trust
9.New Alternatives Fund
10.Old Westbury Funds, Inc.
11.The RBB Fund, Inc.
12.Stratton Mid Cap Value Fund, Inc.(f/k/a Stratton Multi-Cap Fund, Inc.)
13.Stratton Real Estate Fund, Inc.
14.The Stratton Funds, Inc.
15.The Torray Fund
16.Versus Capital Multi-Manager Real Estate Income Fund LLC(f/k/a Versus Global Multi-Manager Real Estate Income Fund LLC)

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(b)           The following are the Officers and Managers of the Distributor, the Registrant’s underwriter. The Distributor’s main business address is 400 Berwyn Park, 899 Cassatt Road, Suite 110, Berwyn, Pennsylvania 19312.

 

Name

 

Address

 

Position with
Underwriter

 

Position with
Registrant

 

Mark A. Fairbanks Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100,
Portland, Maine  04101
President None
       
Richard J. Berthy Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100,
Portland, Maine  04101
Vice President,
Treasurer and
Manager
None
       
Susan K. Moscaritolo 400 Berwyn Park, 899 Cassatt Road,
Suite 110, Berwyn, Pennsylvania  19312
Vice President and
Chief Compliance Officer
None
       
Lisa S. Clifford Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100,
Portland, Maine  04101
Vice President and
Managing Director
of Compliance
None
       
Jennifer E. Hoopes Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100,
Portland, Maine  04101
Secretary None
       
Nishant Bhatnagar Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100,
Portland, Maine  04101
Assistant Secretary None
       

 

(c)           Not applicable.

 

ITEM 33.   LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS

 

All records described in Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder, are maintained at the following locations:

 

Adviser

 

Aston Asset Management, LLC, 120 North LaSalle Street, 25th Floor, Chicago, Illinois 60602

 

Subadvisers

 

Anchor Capital Advisors LLC, One Post Office Square, Suite 3850, Boston, Massachusetts 02109

 

Baring International Investment Limited, 155 Bishopsgate, London EC2M 3XY, United Kingdom

 

Cornerstone Investment Partners, LLC, Phipps Tower, 3438 Peachtree Road NE, Suite 900, Atlanta, Georgia 30326

 

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DoubleLine Capital LP, 333 South Grand Avenue, Suite 1800, Los Angeles, California 90071

 

Fairpointe Capital LLC, One North Franklin Street, Suite 3300, Chicago, Illinois 60606

 

Guardian Capital LP, Commerce Court West, 199 Bay Street, Suite 3100, Toronto, Ontario M5L 1E8, Canada

 

Harrison Street Securities, LLC, 71 South Wacker Drive, Suite 3575, Chicago, Illinois 60606

 

Herndon Capital Management, LLC, 191 Peachtree Street NE, Suite 2500, Atlanta, Georgia 30303

 

Lake Partners, Inc., 4 High Ridge Park, Suite 300, Stamford, Connecticut 06905

 

LMCG Investments, LLC, 200 Clarendon Street, 28th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02116

 

Montag & Caldwell, LLC, 3455 Peachtree Road NE, Suite 1200, Atlanta, Georgia 30326

 

Pictet Asset Management Limited, Moor House, 120 London Wall, London EC2Y 5ET, United Kingdom

 

River Road Asset Management, LLC, Meidinger Tower, Suite 1600, 462 South Fourth Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40202

 

Silvercrest Asset Management Group LLC, 1330 Avenue of the Americas, 38th Floor, New York, New York 10019

 

TAMRO Capital Partners, LLC, 1701 Duke Street, Suite 250, Alexandria, Virginia 22314

 

Taplin, Canida & Habacht, LLC, 1001 Brickell Bay Drive, Suite 2100, Miami, Florida 33131

 

Custodian

 

The Bank of New York Mellon, One Wall Street, New York, New York 10286

 

Sub-Administrator and Transfer, Redemption, Dividend Disbursing and Accounting Agent

 

BNY Mellon Investment Servicing (US), Inc., 4400 Computer Drive, Westborough, Massachusetts 01581 and 201 Washington Street Boston, Massachusetts 02109

 

Distributor

 

Foreside Funds Distributors LLC, 400 Berwyn Park, 899 Cassatt Road, Suite 110, Berwyn, Pennsylvania 19312, and Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101

 

ITEM 34.   MANAGEMENT SERVICES

 

Not Applicable.

 

ITEM 35.   UNDERTAKINGS

 

Not Applicable.

 

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant has duly caused this post-effective amendment to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Chicago, and State of Illinois on the 18th day of August, 2015.

 

  ASTON FUNDS
   
By: /s/ Stuart D. Bilton
    Stuart D. Bilton, Chief Executive Officer
and President

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement of the Registrant has been signed below by the following persons in the following capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature   Capacity Date
       
Bruce B. Bingham**   Trustee  
Bruce B. Bingham      
       
Christine C. Carsman**   Trustee  
Christine C. Carsman      
       
William E. Chapman, II*   Trustee; Independent Chairman  
William E. Chapman, II      
       
Edward J. Kaier*   Trustee  
Edward J. Kaier      
       
Kurt Keilhacker**   Trustee  
Kurt Keilhacker      
       
Steven J. Paggioli*   Trustee  
Steven J. Paggioli      
       
Richard F. Powers, III**   Trustee  
Richard F. Powers, III      
       
Eric P. Rakowski*   Trustee  
Eric P. Rakowski      
       
Victoria Sassine**   Trustee  
Victoria Sassine      
       
Thomas R. Schneeweis*   Trustee  
Thomas R. Schneeweis      
       

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Signature   Capacity Date
       
/s/ Stuart D. Bilton   Chief Executive Officer and President August 18, 2015
Stuart D. Bilton   (Principal Executive Officer)  
       
       
/s/ Laura M. Curylo   Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer August 18, 2015
Laura M. Curylo   (Principal Financial Officer and Principal  
    Accounting Officer)  
       
/s/ Laura M. Curylo   Attorney-in-Fact August 18, 2015
Laura M. Curylo      

 

________________

*Signed by Laura M. Curylo pursuant to a Power of Attorney previously filed as Exhibit (o)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 111 to the Registration Statement as filed on August 6, 2010.

 

**Signed by Laura M. Curylo pursuant to a Power of Attorney previously filed as Exhibit (o)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 156 to the Registration Statement as filed on May 12, 2014.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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