-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, UNpUIgBHWOcZFta8c7zxQUPqCYwJ0PnC2yBkPpO02tf+DwZGrYuqhqkaIjs9/sca HrtjIfUp0I5hTW/HcBHDtw== 0001193125-08-205184.txt : 20081002 0001193125-08-205184.hdr.sgml : 20081002 20081002143453 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001193125-08-205184 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 8 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20071231 FILED AS OF DATE: 20081002 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20081002 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: SUNRISE TELECOM INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000907152 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS (NO RADIO TELEPHONE) [4813] IRS NUMBER: 770291197 FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-30757 FILM NUMBER: 081102759 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 302 ENZO DRIVE STREET 2: ---------------------------------------- CITY: SAN JOSE STATE: CA ZIP: 95138 BUSINESS PHONE: 4083638000 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 302 ENZO DRIVE STREET 2: ---------------------------------------- CITY: SAN JOSE STATE: CA ZIP: 95138 10-K 1 d10k.htm FORM 10-K Form 10-K
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United States

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

FORM 10-K

 

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from                     to                     

 

Commission File Number: 000-30757

 

 

 

Sunrise Telecom Incorporated

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   77-0291197

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

  (IRS Employer Identification No.)

 

302 Enzo Drive, San Jose, California 95138

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (408) 363-8000

 

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

 

Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share

(Title of class)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

 

    Yes ¨    No x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

 

    Yes ¨    No x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

 

    Yes ¨    No x

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check One):

 

Large Accelerated Filer    ¨    Accelerated Filer    ¨    Non-accelerated Filer    x    Smaller reporting company    ¨
     

(Do not check if a

smaller reporting company)

  

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).

 

    Yes ¨    No x

 

As of June 29, 2007, the aggregate market value of the Common Stock of the Registrant held by non-affiliates was $65,218,009 based upon the closing sale price for that date as reported in the “pink sheets” published by The Pink Sheets LLC.

 

As of September 30, 2008, there were 51,349,058 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock outstanding, par value $0.001 per share.


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SUNRISE TELECOM INCORPORATED

 

Index to Annual Report on Form 10-K

 

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007

 

          Page
Number
   Part I.   
Item 1.   

Business

   3
Item 1A.   

Risk Factors

   14
Item 1B.   

Unresolved Staff Comments

   28
Item 2.   

Properties

   28
Item 3.   

Legal Proceedings

   29
Item 4.   

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

   29
   Part II.   
Item 5.   

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

   30
Item 6.   

Selected Financial Data

   32
Item 7.   

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   33
Item 7A.   

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

   47
Item 8.   

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

   48
Item 9.   

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants On Accounting and Financial Disclosure

   80
Item 9A.   

Controls and Procedures

   80
Item 9B.   

Other Information

   82
   Part III.   
Item 10.   

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

   83
Item 11.   

Executive Compensation

   89
Item 12.   

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

   105
Item 13.   

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

   106
Item 14.   

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

   107
   Part IV.   
Item 15.   

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

   109

 

“3GMaster,” “FTT,” “HTT,” “RealWORX,” “Sunrise Telecom,” “SunSet,” “SunLite,” “STT,” “Sunset MTT,” and “NeTracker,” are trademarks of Sunrise Telecom Incorporated. This Annual Report on Form 10-K also includes references to registered service marks and trademarks of other entities.

 

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Forward-Looking Statements

 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements, such as: statements concerning projected revenues, costs and expenses and gross margin; accounting estimates; assumptions and judgments; statements about our pending litigation; the effects of our restructuring plans; expected demand for our products; the effect that seasonality and volume will have on our quarterly operating results; our dependence on a few key customers for a substantial portion of our revenue; our ability to scale our operations in response to changes in demand for existing products and services or the demand for new products requested by our customers; the competitive nature of, and anticipated growth in, our markets; manufacturing, assembly and test capacity; our potential needs for additional capital; and inventory and accounts receivable levels. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry and business, and certain assumptions we have made, all of which may be subject to change. Forward-looking statements can often be identified by words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” “could,” “potential,” “continue,” “ongoing,” similar expressions, and variations or negatives of these words. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, our actual results could differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those listed under the section “Risk Factors” contained in Part I, Item 1A of this report. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statement for any reason, except as otherwise required by law.

 

Part I.

 

ITEM 1.    BUSINESS

 

OVERVIEW

 

Sunrise Telecom designs, manufactures, and markets service verification equipment that enables service providers to pre-qualify facilities for services, verify newly installed services, and diagnose problems relating to telecommunications, cable broadband, internet access, and wireless networks. In addition, our products continuously monitor in-service cable, telecom and wireless networks to assist operators in improving network quality and to provide traffic data to assist network operations. Customers include telephone companies, incumbent local exchange carriers, cable companies, competitive local exchange carriers, mobile operators, and network infrastructure suppliers throughout North America, Latin America, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and the Asia/Pacific region.

 

In October 1991, we were incorporated in California as Sunrise Telecom, Inc. In July 2000, we reincorporated in Delaware, changed our name to Sunrise Telecom Incorporated. Our shares of common stock are currently listed for trading on the Pink Sheets LLC.

 

INDUSTRY BACKGROUND

 

Data traffic in the United States and Canada has surpassed the amount of voice traffic carried on the existing telephone network. Consumers are seeking higher-speed access to bandwidth intensive content and services, such as multi-media rich websites, music, video, and software downloads. As an increasing number of subscribers access this bandwidth intensive content, the ability to connect to and receive data from the Internet at high speeds has become, and will continue to become, more important.

 

A primary area of investment by our customers is the redesign of their networks to support higher speed broadband access to subscribers, and to enable new multimedia services such as Voice-over IP networks (VoIP) and IP-TV. This involves upgrading the “last mile” portion of the network to a higher capacity, by deploying fiber and

 

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electronics deeper into the last mile. This may also include the deployment of new technologies such as VDSL (Very high bit-rate DSL) and sophisticated customer premises equipment to deliver these new services. As the capacity of the last mile is increased, the capacity of the long-haul networks must also be increased to handle the demand. In addition, the signaling portion of the network is being upgraded to integrate and converge the new multimedia services into the existing infrastructure.

 

In the last few years, the nature of competition between various service provider segments also has changed. Cable companies now routinely offer voice services, and telephone companies are now providing television programming to their subscribers. These once separate segments of the market are now competing fiercely for new customers, and are seeking to minimize the loss of their customers. This makes the economics of service installation and repair, and the quality of the service delivered to the subscriber extremely important to the competitive outcome. Due to this competition, comprehensive testing and monitoring of the network is becoming a competitive necessity for today’s carriers.

 

KEY PRODUCT CATEGORIES

 

Our key product application technology areas are described below:

 

Wireline Access Technology.    Wireline access technology includes technologies such as “Plain Old Telephone Service”, T-carrier, E-carrier, ISDN, digital subscriber line technology, and Ethernet. Digital subscriber line technology, commonly known as DSL, transmits data up to fifty times faster than older dial-up modems using the existing copper telephone wires. Various implementations of DSL are being developed and deployed, including asymmetric DSL, known as ADSL, symmetric DSL, known as SDSL, high bit-rate DSL, known as HDSL, very high bit-rate DSL, known as VDSL, and others. Service providers deploying DSL technology include local exchange carriers, such as AT&T, Inc. (formerly SBC Communications Inc.), British Telecom, France Telecom PLC, and Telecom Italia. Ethernet is commonly deployed over Cat 5 cable, a form of twisted pair copper wire.

 

Cable Broadband Networks.    Cable broadband operators use a hybrid fiber coax last mile infrastructure, cable modems installed in the home, cable modem termination systems installed at major cable concentration points, and network headend equipment designed to connect their cable broadband networks to video feeds and other networks. Most cable companies are currently offering analog and digital video, high-speed Internet access services, and VoIP, including Comcast Corporation, Charter Communications, Inc., Cox Communications, Inc., TimeWarner Cable, Inc., and Virgin Media Inc., among others.

 

Fiber Optics.    Fiber optic cables use pulses of light to transmit digital information and offer very high bandwidth capacity. Due to their high capacity, fiber optic cables are being used increasingly in the service provider networks in telecommunications, cable broadband, and mobile network applications. Today, fiber optic cables carry higher bandwidths by increasing the wavelength modulation speed or by carrying multiple wavelengths on a single fiber. Common wavelength multiplexing schemes include Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM). Transmission technologies carried over fiber optic cables include Ethernet, SDH, and SONET. Several service providers, such as Verizon Communications, Inc., are now deploying fiber optic cables directly to the subscriber’s residence, using a WDM technology called Passive Optical Network (PON).

 

Signaling.    Traditional telephone systems require a signaling mechanism to set up and tear down phone calls. These signals serve such functions as supervising or monitoring the status of a line or circuit to see if it is busy, idle, or requesting service; alerting or indicating the arrival of an incoming call; and addressing or transmitting routing and destination signals over the network. Signaling System 7 (“SS7”), is the base signaling system used by traditional telecom networks worldwide. In addition, new network services such as VoIP, IP-TV, text messaging, multimedia messaging, roaming, and cell-phone web access place entirely new demands on the signaling system. As a result, signaling standards are evolving, and network operators face increasing complexity in monitoring and troubleshooting their signaling networks.

 

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THE NEED FOR SERVICE VERIFICATION EQUIPMENT

 

In order to successfully deploy and maintain broadband networks, service providers rely on sophisticated service verification equipment. This equipment allows service providers to pre-qualify facilities for services, verify proper operation of newly installed services, and diagnose problems. In addition, equipment manufacturers use service verification equipment to test simulated networks during equipment development and verify the successful production of equipment. Service verification equipment can be grouped into the following three types: field verification; remote testing; and alarm and surveillance.

 

Field Verification Equipment.    Field verification equipment is used by service providers to probe the actual wires, cables, or airwaves to verify that a service is functioning properly. In the case of a service malfunction, a field technician can use the equipment to locate the exact fault so that repairs can be made. Research and development labs, manufacturing departments, and central office technicians also use verification equipment in their day-to-day operations. Service providers have found field verification to be an effective method to ensure that the lines operate properly at installation or after repair.

 

Remote Test Equipment.    Remote test equipment can help verify services and identify certain types of service malfunctions from a centralized location. The equipment is typically controlled by a centralized test system that automates much of the remote testing process. It is commonly used to determine which section has malfunctioned and to diagnose quickly the nature of a customer’s complaint. Due to its centralized and automated nature, remote test equipment is an efficient way to complement field test equipment in the deployment and maintenance of broadband networks.

 

Alarm and Surveillance Equipment.    Alarm and surveillance equipment constantly monitors the telephone network, searching for facility or service degradations, including outages. When a problem is noticed, a report may be sent immediately to an automated trouble diagnostic system or to a human operator who interprets the message and decides what further action is required. Corrective action typically involves field verification or remote test equipment to identify and correct specific problems. This equipment may also collect data on network operation and forward the information to a system for developing statistics on network quality or other attributes of interest.

 

Because the competition is intense for subscribers for high-speed bandwidth access, the quality and reliability of network service has become critical to service providers. These service providers cannot afford the loss of customers, loss of revenue, and negative publicity resulting from poor service. Service verification equipment, such as the products provided by Sunrise Telecom, allows service providers to verify and repair service problems effectively and, thus, increase the quality and reliability of their networks.

 

THE SUNRISE TELECOM SOLUTION

 

We design and manufacture service verification equipment, physical layer diagnostic equipment, and monitoring systems that enable service providers to pre-qualify facilities for services, verify newly installed services, monitor the performance of video and signaling networks, and diagnose problems relating to copper twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fibers. Our products also enable equipment manufacturers to test simulated networks during equipment development, verify the successful production of equipment, and help their field service teams diagnose problems. Our products offer the following features:

 

   

Design Flexibility.    We design our products to be flexible and to evolve as customer needs change. Our CM 1000, STT and SunSet MTT product lines, for example, allow field technicians to upgrade their equipment easily through a variety of plug-in hardware modules. This flexible design allows customers to adapt the test set to new services and applications as network standards evolve.

 

   

Customer Driven Features.    Each of our products is tailored to our customers’ needs. Our product marketing team interacts with our customers during the design process to ensure that our products are the best available

 

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solution for them. For example, our Traffic Analysis & Measurement System (TAMS), has been architected to offer unique economic benefits to customers, providing scalability from a standalone protocol analyzer to a distributed system, and visibility of signaling issues in near real time.

 

   

Handheld Modular Design.    We use handheld designs for many of our products that are for use in the field. The compact, lightweight design of these products enhances the field technicians’ ability to easily carry these devices with them to diagnose problems and verify line operation. The SunSet MTT product family, for example, offers over 30 different test modules in a lightweight portable unit.

 

Because of the design and functionality of our products, we provide the following benefits to our customers:

 

   

Rapid and Cost-Efficient Deployment.    Our products allow customers to test facilities and services rapidly and efficiently to ensure that they are properly installed and that they can deliver the speed and features as ordered by the subscriber. In a single device, our products can be used to pre-qualify facilities for services, identify the source of problems, and verify the proper operation of newly installed service before delivering service to end-user customers.

 

   

Improved Network Quality and Reliability.    Our products diagnose and locate a variety of problems and degradations in established broadband networks allowing service providers to identify and repair problems and to restore service efficiently. Our products allow service providers to monitor their network quality and ensure customer satisfaction.

 

PRODUCTS

 

Our major products are segmented into the following categories:

 

WIRELINE ACCESS PRODUCTS

   
SunSet MTT    ·    The Modular Test Toolkit is a full-featured handheld test set for access network service, installation, and maintenance. It features a variety of handheld SunSet chassis configurations with support for over thirty different test modules to fit applications ranging from DSL, IP-TV, VoIP, Ethernet, copper diagnostics, T1 (1.544 mbps) and E1 (2 mbps) transmission, analog Voice Frequency circuits, and SONET/SDH. The SunSet MTT’s modularity allows field technicians to use a single unit to test a broad variety of services found in today’s access network, and protects the customer’s capital investment. The unit identifies problems with the physical transmission media, verifies proper signal transmission, verifies proper performance of the service to the customer, and identifies other problems on a troubled circuit.
   

SunSet ISDN,

SunLite BRI

   ·    These products support analysis and service verification for the Integrated Services Digital Network, known as ISDN. ISDN is a digital network that offers more bandwidth than the traditional analog telephone network, but less bandwidth than DSL, T1, Ethernet, cable modems and other newer technologies.
   
SunLite E1    ·    This pocket-sized unit supports transmission testing for E1.
   
SunSet E20    ·    This handheld unit supports transmission testing for E1 and service verification for data, voice, mobile, and other signaling protocols.

 

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CABLE BROADBAND PRODUCTS

   

CM2000

CM1000

CM750

   ·    These handheld units are used for cable modem installation and field testing for cable television and telephone companies. Different configurations support installation and test of current (Video on Demand, Digital Television and High Speed Data) as well as next generation IP services such as VoIP networks. The CM Series provides an economic growth strategy by providing a simple upgrade path for evolving network installation and test needs.
   

3010H

   ·    This rack-mounted headend analyzer and sweep generator provides the capabilities required to keep cable networks operating reliably and delivering quality, distortion-free signals. It supports up to ten field technicians using remote 3010R products for return path maintenance and, as a forward sweep transmitter, it supports an unlimited number of technicians for maintaining the forward path.
   

3010R

   ·    A rugged field unit that includes both forward and return sweep plus Signal Level Meter (“SLM”) capabilities for maintaining the entire cable network. The 3010R can also function as a headend unit for troubleshooting intermittent problems in specific network segments for added flexibility.
   

AT2500R Series

   ·    A lightweight, full-featured Spectrum Analyzer designed for Cable TV (“CATV”) headend and field portable applications. It combines high performance CATV, quadrature amplitude modulation (“QAM”), and video analysis in one instrument to verify and maintain analog TV signals, as well as premium digital services.
   

AT2500H Series

   ·    Rack-mounted headend Spectrum Analyzer providing remote visibility into headend and plant performance. It performs remote headend testing of both analog and digital downstream and upstream signals from 1 MHz to 1.5 GHz. It can also monitor maximum, minimum, and average ingress levels to be stored for historical reference and trend analysis.
   

realWORX

   ·    Fully automated broadband performance verification system that monitors upstream and downstream signal quality on a continuous basis from a headend or hub site. It verifies the quality of downstream QAM and Analog CATV channels and ensures that the Return Path Ingress levels are within acceptable limits. realWORX integrates with the AT2500H Spectrum Analyzers and the optional CM Series test units for remote real-time ingress levels.

FIBER OPTIC PRODUCTS

   

Scalable Test Toolkit

(STT)

   ·    A portable, modular unit designed to test the core and metro optical networks of today and tomorrow. The STT supports SONET, SDH, OTN, GFP, LCAS, C/DWDM (Coarse/Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing), OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer), loss test set, and Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet testing through a family of stackable test modules. The unit also features a Multi Services Analyzer (MSA) module which offers similar test functionality to our 3GMaster and NeTracker products. The STT offers advanced analysis and diagnostic tools for exchange, central office and laboratory applications.

 

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FIBER OPTIC PRODUCTS

   

SunSet 10G+

   ·    A compact handheld unit that supports transmission testing for metropolitan and core optical networks. It supports both SONET and SDH networks, including both electrical and optical signal testing in a small package for testing from 1.5 Mbps to ten gigabits per second bit rates.
   

SunSet SDH

   ·    A handheld unit that supports international SDH and digital transmission types found throughout metropolitan and access networks worldwide. The SunSet SDH includes both electrical and optical signal testing and performs advanced service verification for various applications like ATM, mobile, ISDN, and voice.
   

SunSet OCx

   ·    A handheld unit that supports North American SONET and digital transmission types found throughout metropolitan and access networks worldwide. The SunSet OCx includes both electrical and optical signal testing and performs advanced service verification for various applications like ATM, mobile, ISDN, and voice.
   

SunSet MTT

   ·    The Modular Test Toolkit (MTT) offers physical layer fiber optic testing modules and characterization for fiber optic links through an OTDR, loss test set, power meter, and light source, as well as gigabit Ethernet testing on fiber optic links and an SDH/SONET testing.

SIGNALING TESTING PRODUCTS

   
3GMaster    ·    A network analyzer used to monitor Second and Third Generation Mobile networks. Applications include regular network maintenance, billing verification, network traffic statistics, quality of service testing, and troubleshooting complex problems like roaming and internetworking.
   
NeTracker    ·    An advanced analyzer for testing the multiple protocols and data rates found in next-generation VoIP. Applications include service verification, protocol analysis, voice quality testing, and stress testing for the VoIP environment.
   

STT-MSA

   ·    The STT Multi-Service Analyzer (MSA) simulates, monitors, and analyzes different signaling protocols on SS7, ISDN, and IP-based next-generation networks, and analyzes telecommunication environments such as 2G, 2.5G (including GSM, GPRS and EDGE), and 3G (UMTS, IMS and CDMA 2000). Advanced analysis tools capture, decode, and report on both the access network (wireless and wireline) and the core network, simultaneously.
   

TAMS

   ·    Traffic Analysis & Measurement System (TAMS) is a distributed system for VoIP, wireline, and wireless networks. It features the Data Collector System (DCS) that gathers, stores, and processes network-wide data, and a centralized server. TAMS monitors in real-time the network traffic and the services provided by the operator, offering detailed reports, statistics and alarms as well as troubleshooting capabilities.

 

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The percentage of our total revenue contributed by each class of products was as follows:

 

     Years Ended December 31,
   2007    2006    2005

Wireline access

   36%    36%    34%

Cable broadband

   29%    31%    30%

Fiber optics

   27%    25%    28%

Signaling

   8%    8%    8%

 

CUSTOMERS

 

Our customers include telecommunications service providers, cable network operators, wireless service providers, network equipment suppliers and installers, technicians, and engineers in North America, Latin America, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and the Asia/Pacific region. We generally sell through our own direct sales offices and independent distributors internationally and sell directly to customers in the United States. The following is a selected list of our largest customers in 2007:

 

Adelphia Communications Corporation

AT&T, Inc. (formerly SBC Communications Inc.)

BellSouth Telecom, Inc. (now AT&T, Inc.)

British Telecom PLC

Cablevision Systems Corporation

Comcast Corporation

Cox Communications, Inc.

Deutsche TeleKom, AG

France Telecom

  

NTT

Siemens AG

Sprint Corporation

Telecom Italia Mobile

Telkom SA Ltd.

Time Warner Cable, Inc.

United States Department of Defense

Verizon Communications, Inc.

 

Since our inception, we have sold our products to over 2,000 customers in over sixty countries. Verizon Communications, Inc. accounted for 13% and 11% of our net sales in 2007 and 2006, respectively. No individual end customer or distributor accounted for 10% or more of our net sales in 2005. See Item 1A, “Risk Factors—Customer Concentration.”

 

SALES, MARKETING AND CUSTOMER SERVICE

 

Sales.    We sell our products to telecommunications service providers, cable network operators, wireless service providers, network infrastructure equipment suppliers and installers, technicians, and engineers through manufacturers’ representatives, independent distributor organizations, and our direct sales force.

 

In the United States, we sell our products through manufacturers’ representatives who are supported by our direct sales force. Manufacturers’ representatives are paid on a commission basis for sales in their respective regions. The manufacturers’ representatives or our direct sales force solicit orders from customers, to whom we ship our products directly. Our direct sales force includes a team of regional sales managers who direct the sales efforts of our manufacturers’ representatives and regional account managers who focus on key larger accounts within a region.

 

Outside of the United States, we sell our products through a mix of our own sales people and independent distributors, which are directed by our country managers and our regional directors of sales. In general, we sell our products to the distributor at a discount from the end user price, and the distributor or sales office then resells the products to the end user. International sales were $53.0 million, or 57% of total net sales in 2007, $47.4 million, or 48% of total net sales in 2006, and $33.3 million, or 49% of total net sales in 2005. We expect that international sales

 

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will continue to account for a significant portion of our net sales in future periods. In addition to our network of international distributors, we have sales offices based in Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai, China; Tokyo, Japan; Seoul, Korea; Milan, Italy; Paris, France; Mexico City, Mexico; and Gomaringen, Germany. As part of our restructuring announced in February 2008, we have closed our facility in Anjou, Canada and our small sales and service team there works out of their home offices. See Item 1A, “Risk Factors—Risks of International Operations.”

 

We sell our products predominantly to large service providers. These types of customers generally commit significant resources to evaluate and approve products and require each vendor to expend substantial funds, time, and effort educating them about the value of the vendor’s solutions. Consequently, sales to this type of customer generally require an extensive sales effort throughout the prospective customer’s organization and final approval for use of our products by an executive officer or other senior level employee. The result is lengthy sales and implementation cycles that make sales forecasting difficult. In addition, even after a large service provider has approved our product for purchase, future purchases are uncertain because we generally do not enter into long-term supply agreements. Delays associated with customers’ internal approval and contracting procedures, procurement practices, and testing and acceptance processes are common and may cause potential sales to be delayed or foregone. As a result of these and related factors, the sales cycle of new products for our large customers typically ranges from six to twenty-four months.

 

We generally do not sell our products with rights of return. On the few occasions when we have agreed to provide customers with rights of return, we have deferred recognition of sales revenue until the rights of return have lapsed. We generally do not provide extended payment terms to our customers. Our normal terms are typically thirty days for North America and up to sixty days in other markets.

 

Marketing.    We market and promote sales of our products by the following activities:

 

   

Our sales group brings new product ideas to our product marketing group;

 

   

Our product marketing group researches new opportunities, prepares product definitions with our research and development group, and defines new features to create new products;

 

   

The overall marketing group hosts a variety of seminars several times a year in the United States, Asia, Europe, and Latin America to improve the sales effectiveness of our manufacturers’ representatives and international distributors;

 

   

Our product marketing engineers, regional sales managers, and account managers travel extensively with our sales engineers, manufacturers’ representatives, and international distributors to develop new product opportunities with customers and to support their presentations;

 

   

The marketing communications group maintains a public website, publishes brochures and specification sheets, and generates press releases and publicity to increase our recognition in the telecommunications industry; and

 

   

Our technical publications group prepares user’s manuals, field manuals, quick reference guides, and product operation videos to serve the needs of our users.

 

Customer Service.    We believe that customer service following the sale of our products is a critical ingredient to our success. We provide customer service in numerous ways, including the following:

 

   

providing rapid instrument repair services;

 

   

operating a telephone support line to help customers who are having difficulty using our products in their particular application;

 

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maintaining a proprietary website containing online, up-to-the-minute product repair information for our distributors’ international repair centers, with a factory-certified technician training program for our distributors’ international repair center technicians; and

 

   

measuring the satisfaction of our customers and communicating this information internally for corrective action.

 

SEASONALITY

 

Our sales have traditionally been seasonal in nature and tied to the buying patterns of our customers. The largest volume of quarterly sales has typically been during the last calendar quarter of the year. In 2007, sales during the fourth quarter rose to $27.3 million, or 29% of annual sales. Our 2006 and 2005 fourth quarter sales were $36.7 million, or 37% of annual sales, and $21.7 million, or 32% of annual sales, respectively. We expect that our quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly and will be difficult to predict due to the lengthy and unpredictable buying patterns of our customers, the degree to which our customers allocate and spend their yearly budgets, and the timing of our customers’ budget processes. See Item 1A, “Risk Factors—Quarterly Fluctuations.”

 

BACKLOG

 

Our backlog of customer orders, as of December 31, 2007, was approximately $8.2 million, compared to approximately $8.0 million as of December 31, 2006. Variations in the size and delivery schedules of purchase orders that we receive, as well as changes in customers’ delivery requirements, may result in substantial fluctuations in the amount of backlog orders for our products from quarter to quarter.

 

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

 

We have assembled a team of highly skilled engineering professionals who are experienced at designing telecommunications service verification test equipment. Our engineering personnel have expertise in a number of fields, including interfacing test equipment with digital loop carriers, voice and data switching technology, local loop equipment, and operations support systems. We spent approximately $23.6 million on research and development in 2007, $21.1 million in 2006, and $18.4 million in 2005. Research and development represents our largest direct employment expense. As of December 31, 2007, we had a total of 155 permanent and temporary employees engaged in research and development in: San Jose, California; Norcross, Georgia; Anjou, Canada; Modena, Italy; Taipei County, Taiwan; Beijing, China; and Geneva, Switzerland. We had a total of 135 permanent and temporary employees engaged in research and development as of July 31, 2008.

 

We believe that our continued success depends on our ability to anticipate and respond to changes in the telecommunications industry and anticipate and satisfy our customers’ preferences and requirements. Accordingly, we continuously review and evaluate competitive dynamics, as well as technological and regulatory changes affecting the converging telecommunications and cable broadband industries, and seek to offer products and capabilities that solve our customers’ operational challenges and improve their efficiency. In general, we spend from six months to four years developing a new product.

 

REGULATIONS AND INDUSTRY STANDARDS

 

Our products are designed to comply with a significant number of industry standards and regulations, some of which are evolving as new technologies are deployed. In the United States, our products must comply with various regulations defined by the Federal Communications Commission and Underwriters Laboratories, as well as industry standards established by Telcordia Technologies, Inc. (formerly Bellcore), the American National Standards Institute, the Internet Engineering Task Force, and various industry interest groups. Internationally, our products must comply

 

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with standards established by the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization, the European Committee for Standardization, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute, telecommunications authorities in various countries, and with recommendations of the International Telecommunications Union. The Company must also comply with recent directives by the European Union, including the Reduction of Hazardous Substance Directive which restricts the use of six hazardous materials in the manufacture of various types of electronic and electrical equipment, and the Waste Electrical and Electronics Equipment Directive which sets collection, recycling, and recovery targets for electrical goods. The failure of our products to comply, or delays in compliance, with the various existing and evolving standards could negatively impact our ability to sell our products.

 

MANUFACTURING AND SOURCES OF SUPPLY

 

Our production process consists of planning, procurement, fabrication, rework, system assembly, system final test, software option customization, and shipping. We purchase substantially all parts, including resistors, integrated circuit boards, LCDs, and printed circuit boards, from distributors and manufacturers worldwide. We package these parts into kits and either send them to local contract manufacturers to assemble into printed circuit boards or we assemble them ourselves at our Taiwan facility. We perform substantially all remaining manufacturing operations. We maintain sourcing and manufacturing operations in San Jose, California; Taipei County, Taiwan; Geneva, Switzerland; and Modena, Italy, with the Taipei County facility being our largest manufacturing center. Our San Jose, Taipei County, and Modena operations are ISO 9001 certified.

 

In our manufacturing process, we purchase many key products, such as microprocessors, bus interface chips, optical components, and oscillators, from a single source or from that source’s sole supplier. We rely exclusively on third-party subcontractors to manufacture certain sub-assemblies, and we have retained, from time to time, third party design services in the development of our products. We do not have long-term supply agreements with these vendors. In general, we make purchases of some products and components in advance to ensure an adequate supply, particularly for products that require lead times of up to nine months to manufacture. See Item 1A, “Risk Factors—Dependence on Sole and Single Source Suppliers.”

 

COMPETITION

 

The market for field verification test equipment is fragmented and intensely competitive, both inside and outside the United States, and is subject to rapid technological change, evolving industry standards, regulatory developments, and varied and changing customer preferences and requirements. We compete with a number of United States and international suppliers that vary in size and in the scope and breadth of the products and services offered. The following table sets forth our principal competitors in each of our product categories:

 

Product Category

  

Principal Competitors

Wireline Access

   JDS Uniphase Corporation; Exfo Electro-Optical Engineering, Inc.; Danaher Corporation (Fluke and Fluke Networks); 3M Corporation; Trend Communications, Ltd.

Fiber Optics SONET/SDH

   JDS Uniphase Corporation; Exfo Electro-Optical Engineering, Inc.; Anritsu Corporation; Trend Communications Ltd.

Cable Broadband

   JDS Uniphase Corporation; Trilithic, Inc

Signaling

  

Agilent Technologies, Inc.; Danaher Corporation (Tektronix);

Radcom Ltd.

 

We expect that, as our industry and market evolve, new competitors or alliances among competitors could emerge and acquire significant market share. Competition in our markets could increase which would result in greater threats to our market share, price pressure on our products, and the potential of decreasing profitability.

 

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We believe that the principal competitive factors in our market include the following:

 

   

continued high level of investment in research and development and marketing;

 

   

speed of new product development and introductions to market;

 

   

depth of product functionality;

 

   

ease of installation, integration, and use;

 

   

system reliability and performance;

 

   

price and financing terms;

 

   

technical support and customer service;

 

   

size and stability of the vendor’s operations; and

 

   

compliance with government and industry standards.

 

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY

 

Our intellectual property, including our proprietary technology, processes and know-how, trade secrets, patents, trademarks, and copyrights, is important to our business and to our continued success. As of January 1, 2008, we had 20 issued U.S. patents relating to communications testers that expire between 2015 and 2024. We have filed several applications for additional patents with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and with foreign patent offices. Our research and development and manufacturing process typically involves the use and development of a variety of forms of intellectual property and proprietary technology, although no one particular form of this intellectual property and proprietary technology is material to our business. In addition, we incorporate software, some of which we may license from third party sources. These licenses generally renew automatically on an annual basis. We believe that alternative technologies for this licensed software are available both domestically and internationally.

 

We protect our proprietary technology by the following means:

 

   

relying on intellectual property law, including patent, trade secret, copyright, and trademark law and by initiating litigation when necessary to enforce our rights;

 

   

limiting access to our software, documentation, and other proprietary information; and

 

   

entering into confidentiality agreements with our employees.

 

EMPLOYEES

 

As of December 31, 2007, we had a total of 595 full-time employees, consisting of 229 in the United States, 170 in Taiwan, 48 in Italy, 48 in Canada, 5 in Korea, 10 in Switzerland, 62 in China, 5 in Japan, 5 in Germany, 4 in France, 3 in Spain, and 6 in Mexico. We also had 24 temporary employees at December 31, 2007. Of the total full-time employees, 151 were engaged in research and development, 135 were engaged in sales, marketing and customer support, 233 were engaged in operations, and 76 were engaged in administration and finance.

 

As of July 31, 2008, we had a total of 484 full-time employees, consisting of 178 in the United States, 137 in Taiwan, 46 in Italy, 23 in Canada, 5 in Korea, 10 in Switzerland, 65 in China, 5 in Japan, 4 in Germany, 5 in France, and 6 in Mexico. We also had 37 temporary employees at July 31, 2008. Of the total full-time employees, 126 were engaged in research and development, 95 were engaged in sales, marketing and customer support, 204 were engaged in operations, and 59 were engaged in administration and finance.

 

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None of our employees are subject to a collective bargaining agreement. Our employees worldwide are protected by a multitude of labor laws enacted by the countries in which we operate. We believe that our relations with our employees are good. See Item 1A “Risk Factors—Dependence on Key Employees.”

 

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS

 

In addition to other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the following risk factors should be carefully considered in evaluating us and our business because these factors may have a significant impact on our business, prospects, operating results or financial condition. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements contained in this report as a result of the risk factors discussed below and elsewhere in this report.

 

Liquidity—Our lack of liquid funds and other sources of financing may limit our ability to maintain our existing operations, grow our business and compete effectively.

 

Our continued losses from operations and cash used in operating activities have reduced our cash and cash equivalents in 2007 and 2008. As of August 31, 2008, we had approximately $11 million in cash and cash equivalents and $3.0 million was outstanding under our revolving credit agreement with Silicon Valley Bank. In the future, we may need to borrow through additional debt, equipment loans, lease lines of credit, asset-based financings, mortgages or other financing arrangements to finance capital expenditures and working capital for our business. It is possible that we may continue to use cash in operating activities and may become unable to pay our ordinary operating expenses, including our debt service, on a timely basis. Our lack of liquidity could harm us by:

 

   

increasing our vulnerability to adverse conditions in our industry;

 

   

limiting our ability to obtain additional financing;

 

   

requiring a substantial portion of cash flow from operations to be used for debt service, thereby reducing cash flow available for other purposes, including operating expenditures;

 

   

limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and industry; and

 

   

affecting perceptions by investors and customers about our financial stability thereby further limiting our ability to obtain additional financing and to acquire and retain customers.

 

We have been delisted from NASDAQ and we are not in compliance with SEC reporting requirements, making it generally more difficult to obtain equity or debt financing on financially attractive or acceptable terms. Further, the recent downturn in the equity and debt markets generally makes it more difficult for us to obtain financing through the issuance of equity or debt securities in the capital markets. We cannot be certain that additional financing will be available if needed and to the extent required or, if available, on acceptable terms. If we cannot raise necessary additional funds on acceptable terms, there could be a material adverse impact on our business and operations. We also may not be able to fund expansion, take advantage of future opportunities, meet our existing debt obligations or respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated requirements. Further, if we issue additional equity or debt securities, stockholders may experience additional dilution or the new equity securities may have rights, preference or privileges senior to those of existing holders of our common stock.

 

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Stock Option Granting Practices—Our investigation of our historical stock option granting practices and resulting financial restatements and litigation have had, and may continue to have, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Based on our investigation of our historical stock option granting practices, we concluded that we had improperly accounted for options to purchase an aggregate of 1,377,970 shares of our common stock that were awarded in January 2001 and June 2002. As a result, we recorded a total of $5.6 million in additional stock-based compensation expense for the years 2001 through 2005, net of forfeitures related to employee terminations. These expenses had the effect of decreasing income from operations, net income and net income per share (basic and diluted) in the affected periods in which we reported a profit, and increasing loss from operations, net loss and net loss per share in the affected periods in which we reported a loss. As a result, in connection with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005, which we filed with the SEC on November 2, 2007, we restated our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2004 and the consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive loss, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2004, each of the quarters of 2004 and the first two quarters of 2005 as well as our financial statements for fiscal 2001 and 2002 presented in selected financial data in Part II, Item 6, “Selected Financial Data” presented in our 2005 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on November 2, 2007.

 

Our senior management team and our Board of Directors have devoted a significant amount of time on matters relating to the restatement, our outstanding periodic reports, remedial efforts and related litigation. In addition, some members of our senior management team and our Board of Directors are named defendants in a lawsuit alleging violations of federal securities laws related to the restatement. Defending these actions may require significant time and attention from members of our current senior management team and our Board of Directors. If our senior management is unable to devote a significant amount of time in the future developing and attaining our strategic business initiatives and running ongoing business operations, there may be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial Reporting—We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the past and cannot assure you that additional material weaknesses will not be identified in the future. If our internal controls or disclosure controls and procedures are not effective, there may be material errors in our financial statements that are not identified in a timely manner and that could require restatement, or our filings may not be timely, and investors may lose confidence in our reported financial information, any of which could lead to a decline in our stock price.

 

Management concluded that there remained a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 and as a result, the Company did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007. We identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting associated with deficiencies in our staffing requirements and policy regarding the timely filling of key financial positions at one of our operating divisions which impacted the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

 

We do not expect that our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by the collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. Over time, controls may become inadequate because changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may occur. In addition, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system. As a result, significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal controls may be identified in the future. Any failure to maintain or implement required new or improved controls, or any difficulties we encounter in their implementation, could result in significant deficiencies or material weaknesses, cause

 

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us to fail to timely meet our periodic reporting obligations, result in material misstatements in our financial statements and/or cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, all of which could lead to a decline in our stock price. Any such failure could also adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and annual auditor attestation reports regarding disclosure controls and the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

 

Costs of Being a Public Company—As a public company we are required to comply with many financial accounting, disclosure and governance rules that impose financial and management burdens on us.

 

As a public company, we are subject to many financial accounting, disclosure and governance requirements, with relatively high associated compliance costs. For example, we must have our annual financial statements audited and our quarterly statements reviewed by an independent registered public accounting firm, and we must prepare, review and file annual, quarterly and current reports with the SEC. Costs of these and other compliance activities are particularly significant to us because of our small size and our financial position. We have reviewed proposals to make the Company more successful with its current capital structure and with alternative ones. The process of evaluating different alternatives and proposals is time consuming, expensive, and distracts management attention from the operations of the Company. Moreover, so long as we are not current in our SEC filings, our opportunities are more limited. If we are not able to file all our delinquent reports, our financial condition and stockholder confidence in our company may be harmed. Even if we do file all our delinquent reports, we may not be able to comply with all the requirements of being a public company on a regular basis in the future, or we may be unable to reduce the costs of compliance or increase our revenue or profitability sufficiently to cover those costs.

 

Stockholder Litigation—We have been named as a party to a stockholder derivative action lawsuit arising from our investigation of our historical stock option granting practices and the subsequent restatement of our financial statements and may be named as a party to additional derivative action lawsuits, which could require significant management time and attention and result in significant legal expenses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

We are currently engaged in civil litigation with a party that claims, among other allegations, that certain of our current and former officers and directors improperly dated stock option grants to enhance their own profits on the exercise of such options or for other improper purposes, and we may become the subject of additional private lawsuits based on our historical stock option granting practices and the subsequent restatement of our financial statements. The expense of defending such litigation may be significant. We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our present and former officers and directors and if we incur indemnification obligations in connection with the pending stockholder derivative litigation or otherwise, this could affect adversely our financial condition. Moreover, the amount of time to resolve such litigation and potential additional lawsuits is unpredictable and defending the lawsuit may divert management’s attention from the day-to-day operations of our business, which could harm our business, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, an unfavorable outcome in such lawsuits, such as a court judgment against us resulting in monetary damages or penalties, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

 

Delisting from NASDAQ and Compliance with SEC Reporting Requirements—Our common stock was delisted from the NASDAQ Stock Market, which could adversely affect the price of our stock and the ability of our stockholders to trade in our stock. We have not been in compliance with SEC reporting requirements and if we are unable to remain in compliance with SEC reporting requirements, there may be a material adverse effect on us and our stock price.

 

Due to our Audit Committee investigation of our business practices, the independent investigation of our historical stock option granting practices, and the restatement activities as a result of the stock option investigation, we were unable to timely file our periodic reports with the SEC. As a result, we were not in compliance with the filing

 

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requirements for continued listing on the NASDAQ Stock Market and, consequently, our common stock was delisted from the NASDAQ Stock Market in December 2005 and subsequently began trading on the Pink Sheets under the symbol “SRTI.PK.” To the extent that we attempt to relist our common stock on NASDAQ or another exchange, it would be uncertain when, if ever, our common stock would be relisted. In addition, as a result of our delay in filing periodic reports on a timely basis, we will not be eligible to use a registration statement on Form S-3 to register offers and sales of our securities until all periodic reports have been timely filed for at least twelve months after we have filed all required reports.

 

We have been unable to remain current in the filing of our periodic reports with the SEC, and our efforts to become current may require substantial management time and attention as well as additional accounting and legal expense. As a result of our restatement, we experienced significant delays in the filing of our periodic reports. In addition, if we are unable to become current in our filings with the SEC, we may face several adverse consequences. If we are unable to remain current in our filings with the SEC, investors in our securities will not have information regarding our business and financial condition with which to make decisions regarding investment in our securities. In addition, we will not be able to have a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, covering a public offering of securities, declared effective by the SEC, and will not be able to make offerings pursuant to existing registration statements pursuant to certain “private placement” rules of the SEC under Regulation D to any purchasers not qualifying as “accredited investors.” These restrictions could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

NASDAQ Delisting—Because we are not listed on a national exchange, we could have problems hiring and retaining our personnel.

 

We may face challenges in hiring and retaining qualified personnel due to the restatement, the related internal investigations and our delisting from NASDAQ. We depend on our employees and on our ability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel. Given the lengthy restatement process, the related internal investigations and the delisting of our common stock from NASDAQ, it may become more difficult to retain key personnel, including members of our finance team. Our inability to hire qualified personnel and retain existing key personnel has disrupted, and may continue to disrupt, our ability to effectively manage our business and to complete our outstanding periodic reports. In addition, the loss of the services of any of our key employees, the inability to attract or retain qualified personnel in the future, or delays in hiring required personnel, particularly engineers and sales personnel, could delay the development and introduction of, and negatively affect our ability to sell, our products.

 

We will not apply to relist our common stock on a national securities exchange until we have filed all reports required to be filed with the SEC. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain listing of our common stock on a national securities exchange. We may decide it is not in our stockholders’ best interests to apply for a listing on a national securities exchange once we become current with our SEC reporting requirements.

 

Long-term Impact of Cost Controls—The actions we have taken and may take in response to the slowdowns in demand for our products and services could have long-term adverse effects on our business.

 

From time to time, our business experiences lower revenues due to decreased or cancelled customer orders. To scale back our operations and to reduce our expenses in response to decreased demand for our products and services and lower revenue, we have in the past reduced our workforce, restricted hiring, reduced salaries, restricted pay increases, reduced discretionary spending, and relocated or closed some of our operations.

 

On February 6, 2008, we announced a restructuring plan intended to reduce costs and improve operating efficiencies. The plan included a 12% reduction in our worldwide workforce, across all functional areas, and a shut-down of certain international offices.

 

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On May 1, 2008, we also announced our plans to restructure our operations to more closely align them with our key strategic focus and more effectively target the residential triple play market, enhanced business services and the converging core network. We announced that we would combine our broadband and wireline and fiber optics operations. As a result of combining our business units and operations, we are likely to reduce or eliminate investment in some or all of them, reduce or eliminate product lines, reduce or eliminate our sales presence in certain geographies, reduce our market share and likely reduce our revenues. As a part of a reduction in workforce associated with our restructuring and streamlining efforts, we released from service our Chief Operating Officer, Gerhard Beenen, effective June 30, 2008.

 

We may be unable to reduce expenditures quickly enough, and sustain them at a level necessary to restore profitability, and we may have to undertake further restructuring initiatives that would entail additional charges. Cost-cutting initiatives may impair our future ability to develop and market products effectively, to manage and control our business, and to remain competitive. Moreover, cost reducing measures are time-consuming, can be costly to implement and can lead to a diminished quality of our products. Each of the above measures could have long-term effects on our business by reducing our pool of employee talent, decreasing or slowing improvements in our products, making it more difficult for us to respond to customers, limiting our ability to increase production quickly if, and when, the demand for our products increases, and limiting our ability to hire and retain key personnel. These circumstances could cause our revenue and earnings to be lower than they otherwise might be.

 

Goodwill Valuation—Our financial results could be materially and adversely affected if we determine that the book value of our goodwill is higher than the fair value.

 

Our balance sheet at December 31, 2007 included an amount designated as “Goodwill” of $12.7 million. Current accounting rules require that goodwill be assessed for impairment at least annually or whenever changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable from estimated future cash flows. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstance indicating the carrying value of our intangible assets, including goodwill, may not be recoverable include, but are not limited to, significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, a significant decline in our stock price and market capitalization, and negative industry or economic trends. For example, our stock price has declined in 2008 and our market capitalization has been consistently below our net asset value during the third quarter of 2008. This decline in our market capitalization could lead to an impairment charge. Additionally, we periodically evaluate the recoverability and the amortization period of our acquired technology rights. Some factors we consider important in assessing whether or not impairment exists include performance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results.

 

Although we have not recorded any impairment charges to date as a result of our annual and other periodic evaluations, we cannot assure you that future impairment charges may not occur. If we determine that we need to write-down our intangible assets, including goodwill, to their fair value, we may incur material charges that could harm our results of operations and financial condition.

 

Stock Option Issuance and Exercise of Existing Options—We have not issued option grants since August 2005 and option holders have not been permitted to exercise options since December 2005.

 

Because we are not current in our SEC filings, the Compensation Committee has not approved any grants of new options since August 2005, and option holders have not been able to exercise stock options since December 2005. Some options that would otherwise be exercisable have expired unexercised and purchases under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan have been suspended.

 

The purpose of our various share-based compensation plans is to attract, motivate, retain, and reward employees, directors, and consultants by enabling them to acquire or increase their proprietary interest in our common stock in order to strengthen the mutuality of interests between such persons and our stockholders and to provide such persons

 

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with annual and long-term performance incentives to focus their best efforts in the creation of stockholder value. As long as these equity compensation plans are not available to us, we have less available means of compensating and providing incentives to employees, directors and consultants, which may harm our business and financial results. The failure to meet employee expectations could harm our ability to retain and motivate our employees.

 

In addition, current and former employees who were unable to exercise in-the-money vested stock options before the options expired may have claims against the Company. As a result, we are offering compensation to those affected current and former employees provided that they execute and return a limited release of potential claims. The proposed compensation being offered represents the difference between (i) the average closing price of the Company’s common stock during the applicable period (further defined below) and (ii) the exercise price of the option (assuming the option was “in-the-money”), multiplied by the number of shares that were vested under the option at the beginning of the applicable period. If an option expired 30 days after termination of employment, the applicable period is the 30 days following termination of employment. If an option expired 90 days after termination of employment, the applicable period is the 90 days following termination of employment. If an option expired during employment because of its ten year term, the applicable period is the 30 days prior to the expiration of the option. We estimate that the aggregate cost of resolving this matter with our option holders is approximately $0.3 million and that the aggregate cost related to any options that expire in the future due to terminations or expiration of the term will not be material.

 

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act—Our international operations are subject to anti-corruption laws, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and any violations could lead to sanctions against us that could harm our business and our financial condition.

 

Our operations are subject to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and similar anti-corruption laws of other countries. The FCPA generally prohibits U.S. companies and their intermediaries from making payments to foreign government officials for the purpose of obtaining or maintaining business or otherwise obtaining favorable treatment. The FCPA also requires companies to maintain adequate record-keeping and internal accounting practices to accurately reflect the transactions of the companies. Under the FCPA, U.S. companies may be held liable for actions taken by their strategic or local partners or representatives. The FCPA and similar laws in other countries can impose civil and criminal penalties for violations.

 

If we do not properly implement practices and controls with respect to compliance with the FCPA and similar laws, or if we fail to enforce those practices and controls properly, we may be subject to regulatory sanctions. For example, the SEC and the U.S. Department of Justice (the “DOJ”) may assert that we have violated the FCPA, which could lead to fines against us and other penalties or remedies, such as appointment of a monitor or suspension of our ability to contract with U. S. or foreign governmental agencies. Investigations or sanctions by the SEC and DOJ in connection with FCPA enforcement, and internal investigations into whether or not violations have occurred, can be expensive and time-consuming for us. Any of these outcomes may have an adverse effect on our business, and could adversely affect our financial results and financial condition.

 

Change in SEC Guidance and Disclosure Requirements—Judgments and estimates utilized by us in determining stock option grant dates and related adjustments in connection with the restatement of our consolidated financial statements may be subject to change due to subsequent SEC guidance or other disclosure requirements.

 

In determining the financial restatement adjustments in connection with our investigation of our historical stock option granting practices, we used all reasonably available relevant information to form conclusions we believe are appropriate as to the most likely option granting actions that occurred, the dates when such actions occurred, and the determination of grant dates for financial accounting purposes based on when the requirements of the accounting standards were met. We considered various alternatives throughout the course of our investigation and the restatement

 

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of our financial statements, and we believe the approaches used were appropriate, and the choices of measurement dates used in our investigation of stock option grant accounting and restatement of our financial statements were reasonable and appropriate in our circumstances. Nevertheless, the issues surrounding our historical stock option granting practices are complex and the regulatory guidelines or requirements continue to evolve. There can be no assurance that the SEC will not issue additional guidance on disclosure requirements related to the financial impact of past stock option grant measurement date errors and that we will not be required to further amend this report or other filings with the SEC to provide additional disclosures pursuant to such additional guidance. Any such circumstance could also lead to future delays in filing our subsequent SEC reports. Furthermore, if we are subject to adverse findings in any of these matters, we could be required to pay damages or penalties or have other remedies imposed upon us which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

Quarterly Fluctuations—Because our quarterly operating results have fluctuated significantly in the past and are likely to fluctuate significantly in the future, our stock price may be volatile.

 

We have experienced significant fluctuations in our quarterly results and we expect that our quarterly operating results will fluctuate significantly and unpredictably. Many factors could cause our operating results to fluctuate from quarter to quarter, including the following:

 

   

the size and timing of orders from our customers, and limitations on our ability to ship these orders on a timely basis;

 

   

the uneven pace of technological innovation, the development of products responding to these technological innovations by us and our competitors, and customer acceptance of these products and innovations;

 

   

the variety of price, product, and technology competition;

 

   

the proportion of our sales that is domestic or international;

 

   

the mix of the products we sell and the varied margins associated with these products;

 

   

developments relating to our ongoing litigation; and

 

   

economic downturns reducing demand for telecommunication and cable equipment and services.

 

The factors listed above may affect our business and stock price in several ways. Given our high fixed costs from overhead, research and development, and selling and marketing, and other activities necessary to run our business, if our net sales are below our expectations in any quarter, we may not be able to adjust spending accordingly. Our stock price may decline and may be volatile, particularly if public market analysts and investors perceive that the factors listed above may contribute to unfavorable changes in operating results. Furthermore, the above factors, taken together, may make it more difficult for us to issue additional equity in the future or raise debt financing to fund future acquisitions and accelerate growth.

 

Consolidation and Other Risks Within the Telecommunications Industry—Our operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected by consolidation among our principal customers, the uncertainty of end-user demand for the telecommunication services they provide, and the risk of regulatory changes in the telecommunications industry.

 

In recent years, the telecommunications industry has experienced rapid growth. The growth led to technology innovation, intense competition, short product life cycles, and regulatory uncertainty worldwide. It is difficult for companies operating in this industry to forecast future trends and developments, particularly forecasting customer acceptance of competing technologies. Moreover, the continued growth of end-user demand for telecommunications services is uncertain and difficult to predict. Such uncertainties may lead telecommunications companies to postpone investments in their businesses and purchases of related equipment, such as our products.

 

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The telecommunications industry has also experienced consolidation, such as among incumbent local exchange carriers and competitive local exchange carriers, some of which are major customers. For example, GTE and Bell Atlantic, both of which were customers of ours, merged to create Verizon Communications Inc. and Southwestern Bell, Pacific Bell, Ameritech, Bell South, and AT&T have consolidated and now operate as AT&T, Inc. Continued consolidation in the telecommunication industry may cause delay or cancellation of orders for our products. The consolidation of our customers will likely provide them with greater negotiating leverage with us and may lead them to pressure us to lower the prices of our products.

 

Dependence on Wireline Access Products—Historically, a significant portion of our sales has been from our wireline access products, which makes our future sales and overall business vulnerable to product obsolescence and technological change in the wireline field.

 

Sales of our DSL and other wireline access products accounted for approximately 36% of our net sales for both of the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006. Currently, our DSL products are primarily used by a limited number of incumbent local exchange carriers, including the regional Bell operating companies, and competitive local exchange carriers who offer DSL services. These parties, and other Internet service providers and users, are continuously evaluating alternative high-speed data access technologies, including cable modems, fiber optics, wireless technology, and satellite technologies, and may, at any time, adopt these competing technologies. These competing technologies may ultimately prove to be superior to DSL services and continue to reduce or eliminate the demand for our DSL products.

 

Cable Broadband Industry Health—Many companies in the cable broadband industry have incurred significant amounts of debt and operating losses, and face increasing competition from direct broadcast satellite and telecom service providers, which may negatively impact our cable equipment sales.

 

The cable broadband industry has taken on significant debt as companies aggressively consolidate and build new digital networks to allow them to provide better picture quality, internet access, and voice telephony. As a result, cable companies may reduce their capital expenditures and hiring, either of which could adversely impact our cable business more than we currently anticipate.

 

Customer Concentration—Our customers are concentrated in the telecommunications and cable broadband industries, which makes our future success dependent on the buying patterns of these customers and their continued demand for our products. In addition, a limited number of customers account for a high percentage of our net sales, and any adverse effect on these customers or our relationship with these customers could cause our net sales to decrease.

 

Our customers are concentrated in the telecommunications and cable broadband industries. Accordingly, our future success depends on the buying patterns of these customers and the continued demand by these customers for our products. Additionally, the market is characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, changes in end-user requirements and frequent new product introductions and enhancements. See “Risk Factors—Consolidation and Other Risks within the Telecommunications Industry” for a discussion of risks associated with the telecommunications industry. Our continued success will depend upon our ability to enhance existing products and to develop and introduce, on a timely basis, new products and features that keep pace with technological developments and emerging standards.

 

Moreover, a relatively small number of customers account for a large percentage of our net sales. Net sales from our top five customers accounted for approximately 27% of total net sales in 2007, 28% in 2006, and 22% in 2005. In general, our customers are not subject to long-term supply contracts with us and are not obligated to purchase a specific amount of products from us or to provide us with binding forecasts of purchases for any period.

 

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Historically, a significant portion of our net sales have come from a small number of relatively large orders from a limited number of large customers. We anticipate that our operating results for a given period will be dependent on a limited number of customers.

 

The loss of a major customer or the reduction, delay, or cancellation of orders from one or more of our significant customers could cause our net sales and, therefore, profits to decline. In addition, many of our customers are able to exert substantial negotiating leverage over us. As a result, they may pressure us to lower our prices to them, and they may successfully negotiate other terms and provisions that may adversely affect our business and profits.

 

Product Development—If we are unable to develop new products successfully and enhance our existing products, our future success may be threatened.

 

The market for our products is characterized by rapid technological advances, changes in customer requirements and preferences, evolving industry and customer-specific protocol standards, and frequent new product enhancements and introductions. Our existing products and our products currently under development could be rendered obsolete or otherwise abandoned because of the introduction of products involving competing technologies, by the evolution of alternative technologies or new industry protocol standards, by rival products of our competitors, market timing, or product design flaws. These market conditions are even more complex and challenging because of the high degree to which the telecommunications industry is fragmented.

 

We believe our future success will depend, in part, upon our ability, on a timely and cost-effective basis, to continue to do the following:

 

   

anticipate and respond to varied and rapidly changing customer preferences and requirements, a process made more challenging by our customers’ buying patterns;

 

   

anticipate and develop new products and solutions for networks based on emerging technologies, characterized by evolving industry standards;

 

   

invest in research and development to enhance our existing products and to introduce new verification and diagnostic products for the telecommunications, internet, cable network and other markets; and

 

   

support our products by investing in effective advertising, marketing, and customer support.

 

We cannot ensure that we will accomplish these objectives, and our failure to do so could have a material adverse impact on our market share, business, and financial results.

 

Furthermore, our expenditures devoted to research and development may be considered high for our level of sales. If these efforts do not result in the development of products that generate strong sales for us or if we do not reduce these expenditures, our profit levels will not return to their desired levels. If we reduce this spending, we may not be able to develop needed new products, which could negatively impact our sources of new revenues.

 

Sales Implementation Cycles—The length and unpredictability of the sales and implementation cycles for our products make it difficult to forecast revenues.

 

Sales of our products often entail an extended decision-making process on the part of prospective customers. We frequently experience delays following initial contact with a prospective customer and expend substantial funds and management effort pursuing these contacts. Our ability to forecast the timing and amount of specific sales is therefore limited. As a result, the uneven buying patterns of our customers may cause fluctuations in our operating results, which could cause our stock price to decline.

 

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Other sources of delays that lead to long sales cycles, or even to a sales loss, include current and potential customers’ internal budgeting procedures, internal approval and contracting procedures, procurement practices, and testing and acceptance processes. Recently, our customers’ budgeting procedures have lengthened. The sales cycle for larger deployments now typically ranges from six to twenty-four months. The deferral or loss of one or more significant sales could significantly affect our operating results, especially if there are significant selling and marketing expenses associated with deferred or lost sales.

 

Managing Growth and Slowdowns—We may have difficulty managing expansions and contractions in our operations, which could reduce our chances of maintaining or restoring our profitability.

 

We experienced rapid growth in revenues and in our business during 1999 and 2000 followed by significant slowdowns in 2001 and 2002, which were then followed by sales increases in subsequent years. In particular, we experienced rapid growth in revenues between 2005 and 2006. These periods of expansion and contraction in our revenues and operations have placed, and may continue to place, a significant strain on our management and operations. As a result of our historical growth and potential future growth or slowdowns, we face several risks, including the following:

 

   

the need to improve our operational, financial, management, informational and control systems;

 

   

the need to hire, train and retain highly skilled personnel; and

 

   

the challenge to manage expense reductions without impacting development strategies or our long-term goals.

 

We cannot ensure that we will be able to manage growth or slowdowns successfully, or that we will be able to achieve or sustain profitability.

 

Manufacturing Capacity—If demand for our products does not match our manufacturing capacity, our earnings may suffer.

 

We cannot immediately adapt our production capacity and related cost structures to rapidly changing demand for our products. When demand does not meet our expectations or manufacturing capacity exceeds our production requirements, profitability may decline. Conversely, if during a market upturn we cannot increase our manufacturing capacity to meet product demand, we will not be able to fulfill orders in a timely manner, which in turn may have a negative effect on our earnings and overall business.

 

Competition—Competition could reduce our market share and decrease our net sales.

 

The market for our products is fragmented and intensely competitive, both inside and outside of the United States, and is subject to rapid technological change, evolving industry standards, regulatory developments, and varied and changing customer preferences and requirements. We compete with a number of United States and international suppliers that vary in size and in the scope and breadth of the products and services offered. Many of these competitors have longer operating histories, larger installed customer bases, longer relationships with customers, wider name recognition and product offerings, and greater financial, technical, marketing, customer service and other resources than we have.

 

We expect that as our industry and markets evolve, new competitors or alliances among competitors with existing and new technologies may emerge and acquire significant market share. We anticipate that competition in our markets will increase, and we will face continued challenges to our market share and price pressure on our products. Also, over time, our profitability, if any, may decrease. In addition, it is difficult to assess accurately the market share of each of our products and lines of products because of the high degree of fragmentation in the market for service verification equipment. As a result, it may be difficult for us to forecast accurately trends in the market and which of our products will be the most competitive over the longer term, and therefore, what is the best use of our cash, personnel and other forms of resources.

 

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Dependence on Sole and Single Source Suppliers—Because we depend on a limited number of suppliers and some sole and single source suppliers that are not bound by long-term contracts, our future supply of parts is uncertain.

 

We purchase many key parts, such as microprocessors, field programmable gate arrays, bus interface chips, optical components, and oscillators, from single source or sole suppliers, and we license certain software from third parties. We rely exclusively on third-party subcontractors to manufacture certain sub-assemblies, and we have retained, from time to time, third party design services in the development of our products. We do not have long-term supply agreements with these vendors. In general, we make advance purchases of some products and components to help ensure an adequate supply. We may experience supply problems as a result of financial or operating difficulties of our suppliers, shortages, and discontinuations resulting from component obsolescence or other shortages or allocations by suppliers. Our reliance on these third parties involves a number of risks, including the following:

 

   

the unavailability of critical products and components on a timely basis, on commercially reasonable terms, or at all;

 

   

the unavailability of products or software licenses, resulting in the need to qualify new or alternative products or develop or license new software for our use and/or to reconfigure our products and manufacturing process, which could be lengthy and expensive;

 

   

the likelihood that, if these products are not available, we would suffer an interruption in the manufacture and shipment of our products until the products or alternatives become available;

 

   

reduced control over product quality and cost, risks that are exacerbated by the need to respond, at times, to unanticipated changes and increases in customer orders;

 

   

the unavailability of, or interruption in, access to some process technologies; and

 

   

exposure to the financial problems and stability of our suppliers.

 

In addition, the purchase of these components on a sole source basis subjects us to risks of price increases and potential quality assurance problems. Long lead-times for delivery of certain sole-sourced components may impact our ability to respond to changes in production demand in a timely fashion to satisfy customers’ orders and we may not be able to ensure customer satisfaction. We cannot ensure that one or more of these factors will not cause delays or reductions in product shipments or increases in product costs, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

Risks of International Operations—Our plan to expand sales in international markets could lead to higher operating expenses and may subject us to unpredictable regulatory and political systems.

 

Sales to customers located outside of the United States accounted for approximately 57% of our net sales in 2007, 48% in 2006 and 49% in 2005. We expect international revenues to continue to account for a significant percentage of net sales for the foreseeable future. As a result, we will face various risks relating to our international operations, including the following:

 

   

fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and the risks of using hedging strategies to minimize our exposure to these fluctuations;

 

   

potentially adverse tax consequences related to acquisitions and operations, including the ability to claim goodwill deductions and a foreign tax credit against U.S. federal income taxes; and

 

   

possible disruptions to our customers, sales channels, sources of supply, or production facilities due to wars, terrorist acts, acts of protest or civil disobedience, or other conflicts between or within various nations and due to variations in crime rates and the rule of law between nations.

 

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We cannot ensure that one or more of these factors will not materially and adversely affect our revenues and profits.

 

In addition, the Asia/Pacific and Latin America regions, both high-growth emerging markets for telecommunications equipment, have experienced instability in many of their economies and significant devaluations in local currencies. Sales from customers located in these regions accounted for approximately 22% of our total sales in 2007, 2006 and 2005. These economic instabilities may continue or worsen, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. If international revenues are not adequate to offset the additional expense of expanding international operations, our future growth and profitability could suffer.

 

Operations in Taiwan—We rely on our subsidiary in Taiwan to manufacture a substantial portion of our products, and our reputation and results of operations could be adversely affected if this subsidiary does not perform as we expect.

 

We produce a substantial portion of our products at our subsidiary in Taiwan and plan to concentrate more of our production there in the future. We depend on our Taiwan subsidiary to produce a sufficient volume of our products in a timely fashion and at satisfactory quality levels. If we fail to manage our subsidiary so that it produces quality products on time and in sufficient quantities, our reputation and results of operations could suffer. In addition, we rely on our Taiwan subsidiary to place orders with suppliers for the components they need to manufacture our products. If our subsidiary in Taiwan fails to place timely and sufficient orders with its suppliers, our results of operations could suffer.

 

The cost, quality, and availability of our Taiwan operation are essential to the successful production and sale of our products. Our increasing reliance on this foreign subsidiary for manufacturing exposes us to risks that are not under our immediate control and which could negatively impact our results of operations. In addition, transportation delays and interruptions, political and economic regulations, and natural disasters could also adversely impact our Taiwan operations and negatively impact our results of operations. See “Risk Factors—Dependence on Sole and Single Source Suppliers” and, “—Risks of International Operations” for a discussion of risks associated with concentrating production activities at one facility that is outside the United States.

 

Concentration of Control—Our Chief Executive Officer and certain directors retain significant control over us, which may allow them to decide the outcome of matters submitted to stockholders for approval. This influence may not be beneficial to all stockholders.

 

As of August 31, 2008, Paul A. Marshall, our President and Chief Executive Officer and a member of our Board, and Robert C. Pfeiffer, a member of our Board, beneficially owned approximately 23% and 12%, respectively, of our outstanding shares of common stock. Consequently, these two individuals together control approximately 35% of our outstanding shares of common stock and, to the extent that they act together, may be able to control the election of our directors and the approval of significant corporate transactions that must be submitted to a vote of the stockholders. In addition, Messrs. Marshall and Pfeiffer constitute two of the five members of our Board and have significant influence in directing the actions taken by the Board. Further, to our knowledge, Paul Ker-Chin Chang, our former Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Board, continues to hold a significant stake in our common stock. To the extent that Mr. Chang acts together with Messrs. Marshall and Pfeiffer, the three individuals together control a significant portion of our outstanding shares of common stock. The interests of these persons may conflict with the interests of other stockholders, and the actions they take or approve may be contrary to those desired by other stockholders. This concentration of ownership and control of the management and affairs of us may also delay or prevent a change in control of us that other stockholders may consider desirable. In addition, conflict among the controlling stockholders may adversely impact their ability to take joint actions in the best interests of us and our other stockholders.

 

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Potential Product Liability—Our products are complex, and our failure to detect errors and defects may subject us to costly repairs and product returns under warranty and product liability litigation.

 

Our products are complex and may contain undetected defects or errors when first introduced or as enhancements are released. These errors may occur despite our testing and may not be discovered until after a product has been shipped and used by our customers. Many of the products that we ship contain imperfections that we consider to be insignificant at the time of shipment. We may misjudge the seriousness of a product imperfection and allow the product to be shipped to our customers. These risks are compounded by the fact that we offer many products with multiple hardware and software modifications, which makes it more difficult to ensure high standards of quality control in our manufacturing process. The existence of these errors or defects could result in costly repairs and/or returns of products under warranty and, more generally, in delayed market acceptance of the product or damage to our reputation and business.

 

In addition, the terms of our customer agreements and purchase orders which provide us with protection against unwarranted claims of product defects and errors may not protect us adequately from unwarranted claims against us, unfair verdicts if a claim were to go to trial, settlement of these kinds of claims, or future regulations or laws regarding our products. Our defense against such claims in the future, regardless of their merit, could result in substantial expense to us, diversion of management time and attention, and damage to our business reputation and our ability to retain existing customers or attract new customers.

 

Intellectual Property Risks—Policing any unauthorized use of our intellectual property by third parties and defending any intellectual property infringement claims against us could be expensive and disrupt our business.

 

Our intellectual property and proprietary technology are an important part of our business, and we depend on the development and use of various forms of intellectual property and proprietary technology. As a result, we are subject to several risks associated with our intellectual property assets, including the risks of unauthorized use of our intellectual property and the costs of protecting our intellectual property.

 

Most of our intellectual property and proprietary technology is not protected by patents, and as a result our intellectual property may not be adequately protected. If unauthorized persons were to copy, obtain, or otherwise misappropriate our intellectual property or proprietary technology, the value of our investment in research and development would decline, our reputation and brand could be diminished, and we would likely suffer a decline in revenues. We believe these risks, which are present in any business in which intellectual property and proprietary technology play an important role, are exacerbated by the difficulty in monitoring and detecting the unauthorized use of intellectual property in our business, the increasing incidence of patent infringement in our industry in general, and the difficulty of enforcing intellectual property rights in some foreign countries.

 

Although our employees are subject to confidentiality obligations, this protection may be inadequate to deter or prevent the misappropriation of our intellectual property or proprietary technology. Our inability to protect our intellectual property or proprietary technology may adversely affect our competitive business position.

 

Litigation has in the past been, and may in the future be, necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights and/or defend against the accusations of others. This kind of litigation is time-consuming and expensive to prosecute and resolve and results in a substantial diversion of management resources. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in this type of litigation, that our intellectual property rights will be held valid and enforceable in any litigation, or that we will otherwise be able to protect our intellectual property and proprietary technology.

 

In the future, we may receive notices from holders of patents that raise issues as to possible infringement by our products. As the number of telecommunications test, measurement, and network management products increases and the functionality of these products further overlap, we believe that we may become subject to allegations of infringement

 

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given the nature of the telecommunications industry and the high incidence of these kinds of claims. Questions of infringement and the validity of patents in the field of telecommunications technologies involve highly technical and subjective analyses. These kinds of proceedings are time consuming and expensive to defend or resolve, result in a substantial diversion of management resources, cause product shipment delays, and could force us to enter into royalty or license agreements rather than dispute the merits of the proceedings initiated against us.

 

Acquisitions—We have in the past acquired multiple companies and lines of business, and we may pursue additional acquisitions in the future. These activities involve numerous risks, including the use of cash, acquired intangible assets, and the diversion of management attention.

 

We have acquired multiple companies and lines of business in the past. As a result of these acquisitions, we face numerous risks, including the following:

 

   

integrating the existing management, sales force, technicians and other personnel into one culture and business;

 

   

integrating manufacturing, administrative and management information and other control systems into our existing systems;

 

   

developing and implementing an integrated business strategy over what had previously been independent companies;

 

   

developing compatible or complementary products and technologies from previously independent operations; and

 

   

pre-acquisition liabilities associated with the companies or intellectual property acquired, or both.

 

The risks stated above are increased by the fact that most of the companies and assets that we have acquired are located outside of the United States, which makes integration more difficult and costly. In addition, if we make future acquisitions, these risks will be exacerbated by the need to integrate additional operations at a time when we may not have fully integrated all of our previous acquisitions.

 

If we pursue additional acquisitions, we will face similar risks as those outlined above and additional risks, including the following:

 

   

the diversion of our management’s attention and the expense of identifying and pursuing suitable acquisition candidates, whether or not an acquisition is consummated;

 

   

negotiating and closing these transactions;

 

   

the possible need to fund these acquisitions by dilutive issuances of equity securities or by incurring debt; and

 

   

the potential negative effect on our financial statements from an increase in other intangibles, write-off of research and development costs, and high costs and expenses from completing acquisitions.

 

We cannot ensure that we will locate suitable acquisition candidates or that, if we do, we will be able to acquire them and then integrate them effectively, efficiently, and successfully into our business.

 

Dependence on Key Employees—If one or more of our senior managers were to leave, we could experience difficulty in replacing them and our operating results could suffer.

 

Our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued service and performance of a relatively small number of key senior management, technical, sales, and marketing personnel. If any of our senior managers were to leave us, we would need to devote substantial resources and management attention to replace them. As a result,

 

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management attention may be diverted from managing our business, and we may need to pay higher compensation to replace these employees. We do not have employment contracts with, or key person life insurance for, any of our personnel. During 2006, following the loss of a number of key employees, we announced the adoption of a retention bonus program effective through May 2007 and other inducements to reward long-term employees who remained employed with us. Competition for skilled employees is intense, especially in the San Francisco Bay Area where our main operations are located, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to recruit and retain such personnel.

 

Anti-takeover Provisions—Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents could prevent or delay a change of control and, as a result, negatively impact our stockholders.

 

Some provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of discouraging, delaying, or preventing a change in control of our company or unsolicited acquisition proposals that a stockholder may consider favorable. These provisions provide for the following:

 

   

authorizing the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock;

 

   

a classified board of directors with staggered, three-year terms;

 

   

prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors;

 

   

requiring super-majority voting to effect certain amendments to our certificate of incorporation and by-laws;

 

   

limiting the persons who may call special meetings of stockholders;

 

   

prohibiting stockholder action by written consent; and

 

   

establishing advance notice requirements for nominations for election to the board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon at stockholders meetings.

 

Some provisions of Delaware law and our stock incentive plans may also have the effect of discouraging, delaying, or preventing a change in control of our company or unsolicited acquisition proposals. These provisions could also limit the price that some investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.

 

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

 

Our website is http://www.sunrisetelecom.com. We make available free of charge, on or through our website, our annual, quarterly and current reports, and any amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing such reports with the SEC. Information contained on our website is not part of this report.

 

ITEM 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

 

None.

 

ITEM 2.    PROPERTIES

 

We own our headquarters, manufacturing and research, and development facility, which we built during 2001 on property that we acquired that year. The facility is 91,700 square feet and is located in San Jose, California. As of August 31, 2008, we also have leases for 16,500 square feet of office and manufacturing space in Norcross, Georgia; 10,000 square feet of office and manufacturing space in Modena, Italy; 127,300 square feet of office and manufacturing space in Taipei County, Taiwan; and 2,000 square feet of office and manufacturing space in Geneva, Switzerland. We lease sales offices in Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai, China; Seoul, Korea; Tokyo, Japan; Gomaringen, Germany; Milan, Italy; Paris, France; and Mexico City, Mexico. As part of our restructuring announced in February 2008, we have closed our facility in Anjou, Canada.

 

We believe that our existing facilities are adequate for our needs for the foreseeable future.

 

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ITEM 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

On December 13, 2006, a stockholder derivative lawsuit was filed in the Superior Court of the State of California on behalf of Chris Stovall, a purported stockholder of the Company, against certain of the Company’s current and former officers, directors, and employees and naming the Company as a nominal defendant. The complaint asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty, waste, unjust enrichment and other statutory claims arising out of the Company’s stock option grant practices, which plaintiff claims included the “backdating” of stock option grants. The court has granted three times the Company’s motions to dismiss the claims based on the insufficiency of the complaint. The Company had disclosed an internal review of such practices in November 2006 and described the results of that review in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2005, filed on November 2, 2007.

 

On November 21, 2007, Mr. Stovall filed a second amended complaint alleging similar legal claims arising primarily out of the historic stock option grant practices as described in our 2005 Form 10-K. The second amended complaint seeks monetary damages from the individual defendants, restitution, disgorgement of profits, attorneys’ fees, and various corporate governance reforms.

 

In February 2008, the parties attempted to resolve the litigation through mediation, but were unsuccessful.

 

In May 2008, the court granted the Company’s motion to dismiss the plaintiff’s claims for a third time based on the insufficiency of the complaint, but left the plaintiff with the ability to futher amend the complaint.

 

In June 2008, Stovall filed a third amended complaint alleging similar legal claims arising primarily out of the historic stock option grant practices of the Company, including prior to the Company’s initial public offering.

 

In August 2008, the court denied the Company’s motion to dismiss the plaintiff’s claims against it and the individual defendants, but did not rule on the individual defendants’ motion to dismiss the plaintiff’s claims.

 

The Company intends to continue to assert all available defenses. The parties may continue with their mediation efforts in the future. The outcome of this litigation is uncertain and should the Company experience an unfavorable ruling, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the period in which the ruling occurs. No amount was accrued for this contingency as of December 31, 2007 as a loss is not considered probable or estimable.

 

From time to time, we may be involved in litigation or other legal proceedings, including that noted above, relating to claims arising out of our day-to-day operations or otherwise. Litigation is inherently uncertain, and we could experience unfavorable rulings. Should we experience an unfavorable ruling, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or on our business for the period in which the ruling occurs and/or future periods.

 

ITEM 4.    SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

 

During the quarter ended December 31, 2007, there were no matters submitted to a vote of the security holders, through the solicitation of proxies or otherwise.

 

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Part II.

 

ITEM 5.    MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

 

INFORMATION ABOUT OUR COMMON STOCK

 

Our common stock was traded on the NASDAQ Stock Market under the symbol “SRTI” since our initial public offering on July 13, 2000 through December 15, 2005, when our common stock was delisted and began trading on the Pink Sheets under the symbol “SRTI.PK”. Since December 15, 2005, there has been no established public trading market for our common stock.

 

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the highest and lowest sale prices for our common stock, as reported by the Pink Sheets.

 

2007

   High    Low   

2006

   High    Low

First Quarter

   $ 3.31    $ 1.98    First Quarter    $ 2.25    $ 1.30

Second Quarter

   $ 3.35    $ 2.75    Second Quarter    $ 2.35    $ 1.85

Third Quarter

   $ 3.50    $ 1.88    Third Quarter    $ 2.35    $ 1.80

Fourth Quarter

   $ 2.50    $ 1.65    Fourth Quarter    $ 2.35    $ 1.85

 

Number of Holders

 

As of September 18, 2008, we had approximately 1,406 stockholders of record of our common stock. We estimate that as of August 31, 2008, there were approximately 60 beneficial owners of our common stock.

 

Dividend Policy

 

We did not declare or pay any cash dividend in 2007 and 2006. In February 2005, our board of directors declared a cash dividend for 2005 in the aggregate amount of approximately $2.5 million. We paid this dividend in March 2005. Our Board of Directors will determine the amount of any future dividends based on our future financial condition and results of operations. Our secured revolving credit arrangement with Silicon Valley Bank limits our ability to pay future dividends. See Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

 

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

 

We did not sell any unregistered shares of our common stock during 2007, 2006, or 2005.

 

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

 

Neither we nor any affiliated purchaser repurchased any of our equity securities in the fourth quarter of 2007.

 

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LOGO

 

     12/02    12/03    12/04    12/05    12/06    12/07

Sunrise Telecom, Incorporated

   100.00    201.49    165.59    100.77    130.40    121.51

NASDAQ Composite Index

   100.00    149.73    164.79    168.78    187.90    204.34

S&P Information Technology Index

   100.00    147.23    150.99    152.49    165.32    192.28

 

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ITEM 6.    SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

The table below sets forth selected consolidated financial information for the periods indicated. It is important that you read this information together with the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this report.

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
   2007     2006    2005     2004     2003  

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data
(in thousands):

           

Net sales

   $ 93,391     $ 99,880    $ 68,514     $ 61,669     $ 54,949  

Cost of sales

     36,018       34,504      22,874       18,966       19,752  
                                       

Gross profit

     57,373       65,376      45,640       42,703       35,197  
                                       

Operating expenses:

           

Research and development

     23,589       21,068      18,402       16,623       16,612  

Selling and marketing

     28,817       27,688      23,462       18,067       17,431  

General and administrative

     18,746       16,586      14,795       10,154       10,111  

Gain from legal settlement

     —         —        (1,500 )     —         —    
                                       

Total operating expenses

     71,152       65,342      55,159       44,844       44,154  
                                       

Income (loss) from operations

     (13,779 )     34      (9,519 )     (2,141 )     (8,957 )

Other income, net

     2,043       2,174      472       899       875  
                                       

Income (loss) before income taxes

     (11,736 )     2,208      (9,047 )     (1,242 )     (8,082 )

Income tax expense (benefit)

     820       1,694      1,193       10,464       (2,487 )
                                       

Net income (loss)

   $ (12,556 )   $ 514    $ (10,240 )   $ (11,706 )   $ (5,595 )
                                       

Dividends per share

   $ —       $ —      $ 0.05     $ 0.05     $ 0.04  
                                       

Net income (loss) per share: (1)

           

Basic

   $ (0.24 )   $ 0.01    $ (0.20 )   $ (0.23 )   $ (0.11 )
                                       

Diluted

   $ (0.24 )   $ 0.01    $ (0.20 )   $ (0.23 )   $ (0.11 )
                                       

Shares used in computing net income (loss) per share: (1)

           

Basic

     51,349       51,349      51,006       50,426       49,750  
                                       

Diluted

     51,349       51,580      51,006       50,426       49,750  
                                       
    

 

December 31,

 
   2007     2006    2005     2004     2003  

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data (in thousands):

           

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

  

$

15,981

 

 

$

22,015

  

$

24,956

 

 

$

33,871

 

 

$

39,885

 

           

Working capital

     31,968       40,694      40,134       50,500       56,535  

Total assets

     96,876       107,658      99,780       109,661       119,671  

Notes payable, less current portion

     424       528      602       882       1,095  

Total stockholders’ equity

     69,938       82,736      80,849       93,486       104,626  

 

(1)   See Note 1(p) of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed explanation of the determination of the number of shares used to compute basic and diluted net income (loss) per share.

 

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ITEM 7.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

In addition to the other information in this report, certain statements in the following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) are forward-looking statements. When used in this report, the word “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. Such risks and uncertainties are set forth above under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this report.

 

OVERVIEW

 

We design, manufacture and market service verification equipment that enables service providers to pre-qualify facilities for services, verify newly installed services, and diagnose problems relating to telecommunications, cable broadband, internet access, and wireless networks. In addition, our products continuously monitor in-service cable, telecom and wireless networks to assist operators in improving network quality and to provide traffic data to assist network operations. Our customers include telephone companies, incumbent local exchange carriers, cable companies, competitive local exchange carriers, mobile operators, and network infrastructure suppliers, and installers throughout North America, Latin America, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and the Asia/Pacific region.

 

We assess the overall success of our business primarily through the use of financial metrics. Management considers several factors to be particularly important when assessing past business success and projecting future performance. The first such factor is the maintenance of high levels of working capital and low levels of debt. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

 

This first factor is enabled by the second factor: the generation of cash flows from our operating activities. Ultimately, the ability to consistently generate substantial positive cash flows is the primary indicator of our business success and is imperative for our survival. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

 

The third factor is profitability. In general, profitability indicates our success in generating present and future cash flows from our operating activities. The key components of our profitability are net sales, cost of sales, and operating expenses. See the discussion directly below and “Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.”

 

Sources of Net Sales

 

We generate our cash flows primarily from selling telecommunications and broadband cable network testing equipment, and our future cash flows are largely dependent on our continuing ability to sell our products and collect cash for the sales to our customers. Our sales largely depend upon our ability to provide products that test most types of telecommunications network technologies, including those related to twisted-pair copper, cable broadband, and fiber optics networks. Within these technologies, we provide products that test the entire length of the network, from the point of installation in a building or residence through system back-offices and trunk lines, including the signaling processes that set up and tear down phone calls and transmit packets. We consider investment in research and development and selling and marketing activities to be critical to our ability to generate strong sales volume in the future. To that end, we strive to continually offer new products, and update existing products, to meet our customers’ needs.

 

We sell our products predominantly to large telecommunications service providers. These types of customers generally commit significant resources to the evaluation of our and our competitors’ products and require each vendor to expend substantial time, effort, and expense educating them about the value of the proposed solutions. Delays associated with potential customers’ internal approval and contracting procedures, procurement practices, and testing

 

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and acceptance processes are common and may cause potential sales to be delayed or foregone. As a result of these and related factors, the sales cycle of new products for large customers typically ranges from six to twenty-four months. Substantially all of our sales are made on the basis of purchase orders rather than long-term agreements or requirements contracts. As a result, we commit resources to the development and production of products without having received advance or long-term purchase commitments from customers. We anticipate that our operating results for any given period will continue to be dependent, to a significant extent, on purchase orders, which can be delayed or cancelled by our customers.

 

Historically, a significant portion of our net sales have come from a small number of relatively large orders from a limited number of customers. Verizon Communications, Inc. accounted for 13% and 11% of our net sales in 2007 and

2006, respectively. No customer comprised 10% or more of our net sales in 2005. Overall, we anticipate that our operating results for a given period will be dependent on a small number of customers.

 

Currently, competition in the telecommunications equipment market is intense and is characterized by declining prices due to increased competition and new products and due to declining customer demand. Because of these market conditions and potential pricing pressures from large customers in the future, we expect that the average selling price for our products will decline over time. If we fail to reduce our production costs accordingly, or fail to introduce higher margin new products, there will be a corresponding decline in our gross margin percentage. See Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors—Competition” and “Risk Factors—Consolidation and Other Risks Within the Telecommunications Industry.”

 

We have increasing sales denominated in Euros, and to a lesser degree, amounts in the Canadian dollar, Japanese yen, Korean won and other currencies, and have, in prior years, used derivative financial instruments to hedge our foreign exchange risks. We record the impact of changes in the current value of such forward contracts as other income or expense. We currently do not use forward contracts to hedge our foreign exchange risks. Foreign exchange exposure from sales made in foreign currencies is becoming more material to our results of operations. However, foreign currency exposure from sales made in foreign currencies did not have a material impact on our results of operations in 2007. We have also been exposed to fluctuations in non-U.S. currency exchange rates related to our manufacturing activities in Taiwan. In the future, we expect that a growing portion of our international sales may be denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars, thereby exposing us to gains and losses on non-U.S. currency transactions. See Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors—Risks of International Operations.”

 

Cost of Sales

 

Our cost of sales consists primarily of the following:

 

   

direct material costs of product components, manuals, product documentation, and product accessories;

 

   

production wages, taxes, and benefits;

 

   

allocated production overhead costs;

 

   

warranty costs;

 

   

the costs of board level assembly by third party contract manufacturers; and

 

   

scrapped and reserved material purchased for use in the production process.

 

We recognize direct cost of sales, wages, taxes, benefits, and allocated overhead costs at the same time that we recognize revenue for products sold. We expense scrapped materials as incurred.

 

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Our industry is characterized by limited sources and long lead times for the materials and components that we use to manufacture our products. If we underestimate our requirements, we may have inadequate inventory, resulting in additional product costs for expediting delivery of long lead time components. An increase in the cost of components could result in lower margins. These long lead times have caused in the past, and may in the future, cause us to purchase larger quantities of some parts, increasing our investment in inventory and the risk of the parts’ obsolescence. Additionally, initiatives to remove lead and other hazardous substances may require redesign of our products and could result in higher rates of obsolescence for components currently on hand. Any subsequent write-off of inventory could result in lower margins. See Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors—Dependence on Sole and Single Source Suppliers.”

 

Operating Costs

 

We classify our operating expenses into three general categories: research and development, selling and marketing, and general and administrative. Our operating expenses include stock-based compensation expense and amortization of certain intangible assets. We classify charges to the research and development, selling and marketing, and general and administrative expense categories based on the nature of these expenses. Although each of these three categories includes expenses that are unique to the category type, each category also includes commonly recurring expenses that typically relate to all of these categories, such as salaries, amortization of stock-based compensation, employee benefits, travel and entertainment costs, communications costs, rent and facilities costs, and third party professional service fees. The research and development category of operating expenses includes expenditures specific to the research and development group, such as design and prototyping costs. The selling and marketing category of operating expenses includes expenditures specific to the selling and marketing group, such as commissions, public relations and advertising, trade shows, and marketing materials. The general and administrative category of operating expenses includes expenses specific to the general and administrative group, such as legal and professional fees and amortization of identifiable intangible assets, such as patents and licenses.

 

We allocate the total cost of overhead and facilities to each of the functional areas that use overhead and facilities based upon the square footage of facilities used or the headcount in each of these areas. These allocated charges include facility rent, utilities, communications charges, and depreciation expenses for our building, equipment, and office furniture.

 

We adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123R, Share-Based Payment (“SFAS 123R”) effective January 1, 2006, using the modified-prospective method of recognition of compensation expense related to share-based payments. Our consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2006 reflect the impact of adopting SFAS 123R. In accordance with the modified prospective transition method, our consolidated statements of operations for prior periods have not been restated to reflect, and do not include, the impact of SFAS 123R.

 

SFAS 123R requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense ratably over the requisite service periods. We have estimated the fair value of each award as of the date of grant or assumption using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. For the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, we recorded stock-based compensation of $0.4 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

 

During 2007, 2006, and 2005, we charged $0.3 million, $0.8 million, and $1.8 million, respectively, to general and administrative expense for amortization of intangible assets, such as developed technology and non-compete agreements, obtained through various business acquisitions.

 

On February 6, 2008, we announced a restructuring plan intended to reduce costs and improve operating efficiencies. The plan included a 12% reduction in our worldwide workforce, across all functional areas, and the closing of certain international offices. On May 1, 2008, we also announced plans to restructure our operations to more closely

 

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align them with our key strategic focus and more effectively target the residential triple play market, enhanced business services and the converging core network. We announced that we would consolidate our broadband, wireline and fiber optics operations. As a result of combining our business units and operations, we are likely to reduce or eliminate investment in some or all of them, reduce or eliminate product lines, reduce or eliminate our sales presence in certain geographic areas, resulting in a reduction in our revenues and expenses in the short term.

 

The cost reduction program, when fully implemented, is expected to save approximately $10-12 million per year on a pre-tax basis. We will recognize a one-time charge of approximately $1.4 million in the first quarter of 2008 and $0.3 million in the second quarter of 2008 associated with employee severance payments, lease terminations, and other related impairment charges. The restructuring and impairment costs include employee severance and benefit costs, costs related to leased facilities to be abandoned or subleased, and impairment of owned equipment that will be disposed.

 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The following table sets forth certain operating data as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated:

 

     2007     2006     2005  

Net sales

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %

Cost of sales

   38.5     34.5     33.4  
                  

Gross profit

   61.5     65.5     66.6  
                  

Operating expenses:

      

Research and development

   25.3     21.1     26.9  

Selling and marketing

   30.9     27.7     34.2  

General and administrative

   20.1     16.6     21.6  

Gain from legal settlement

   —       —       (2.2 )
                  

Total operating expenses

   76.3     65.4     80.5  
                  

Income (loss) from operations

   (14.8 )   0.1     (13.9 )

Other income, net

   2.2     2.2     0.7  
                  

Income (loss) before income taxes

   (12.6 )   2.3     (13.2 )

Income tax expense

   0.9     1.8     1.7  
                  

Net income (loss)

   (13.5 )%   0.5 %   (14.9 )%
                  

 

COMPARISON OF THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

Net Sales by Product Category

 

Our net sales by product category for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 are summarized as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

 

     Years Ended
December 31,
   Variance
in Dollars
    Variance
in
Percent
    Years Ended
December 31,
   Variance
in

Dollars
   Variance
in

Percent
 
(Dollars in thousands)    2007    2006        2006    2005      

Wireline access

   $ 33,226    $ 35,618    $ (2,392 )   (7 )%   $ 35,618    $ 22,778    $ 12,840    56 %

Cable broadband

     27,732      31,306      (3,574 )   (11 )%     31,306      20,704      10,602    51 %

Fiber optics

     25,227      24,969      258     1 %     24,969      19,285      5,684    29 %

Signaling

     7,206      7,987      (781 )   (10 )%     7,987      5,747      2,240    39 %
                                               
   $ 93,391    $ 99,880    $ (6,489)     (6 )%   $ 99,880    $ 68,514    $ 31,366    46 %
                                               

 

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Net Sales by Product Category

 

Net sales decreased 6% to $93.4 million in 2007 from $99.9 million in 2006. The decrease in wireline access products was primarily due to decreased sales of our HTT product and the decrease in cable broadband products was primarily due to lower demand for the AT2500 products. The decrease in signaling products was primarily due to lower sales of our NeTracker and 3GMaster products. During the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, our sales were not significantly affected by changes in prices.

 

Net sales increased 46% to $99.9 million in 2006 from $68.5 million in 2005. The sales increases in fiber optics and cable broadband products were generally due to increased demand for our products resulting from our continuing penetration of diverse geographic markets with product lines that we continue to enhance in terms of breadth, functionality, and performance. The increase in wireline access products was primarily the result of the expected transition to new technologies.

 

Net Sales by Geography

 

Our net sales by geographic areas for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 are summarized as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

 

     Years Ended
December 31,
   Variance
in

Dollars
    Variance
in

Percent
    Years Ended
December 31,
   Variance
in
Dollars
    Variance
in

Percent
 
(Dollars in thousands)    2007    2006        2006    2005     

United States

   $ 40,351    $ 52,433    $ (12,082 )   (23 )%   $ 52,433    $ 35,195    $ 17,238     49 %

Canada

     2,609      1,340      1,269     95 %     1,340      1,797      (457 )   (25 )%

Asia/Pacific

     17,353      18,313      (960 )   (5 )%     18,313      13,071      5,242     40 %

Europe/Africa/Middle East

     29,517      24,540      4,977     20 %     24,540      16,440      8,100     49 %

Latin America

     3,561      3,254      307     9 %     3,254      2,011      1,243     62 %
                                                
   $ 93,391    $ 99,880    $ (6,489 )   (6 )%   $ 99,880    $ 68,514    $ 31,366     46 %
                                                

 

The decrease in sales in the United States in 2007 as compared to 2006 was due to decreased sales of our wireline access and cable broadband products. Our growth in Europe/Africa/Middle East in 2007 as compared to 2006 was due primarily to a $5.4 million increase in sales of wireline access products, partially offset by a decline in sales of our fiber optics products. International sales increased to $53.0 million, or 57% of net sales in 2007, from $47.4 million, or 48% of net sales in 2006.

 

The increase in North American sales in 2006 compared to 2005 was primarily the result of increased sales of wireline access products and cable broadband products. Our growth in Europe/Africa/Middle East reflected the results of our ongoing development of distribution channels in these regions.

 

Cost of Sales

 

    Years Ended
December 31,
    Variance
in

Dollars
  Variance
in

Percent
    Years Ended
December 31,
    Variance
in

Dollars
  Variance
in

Percent
 
(Dollars in thousands)   2007     2006         2006     2005      

Cost of sales

  $ 36,018     $ 34,504     $ 1,514   4 %   $ 34,504     $ 22,874     $ 11,630   51 %

Percentage of net sales

    39 %     35 %         35 %     33 %    

 

Gross margins were 61% and 65% for 2007 and 2006, respectively. The lower gross margin was primarily the result of higher direct material costs and recording a charge for excess and obsolete inventory. Margins are expected to be approximately 60-65% in 2008.

 

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Gross margins were 65% and 67% for 2006 and 2005, respectively. The lower gross margin was primarily the result of increases in the overall cost of materials and the impact of product mix. The gross margin percentage is susceptible to change from variations in our product mix, changes in the proportion of our sales to international customers, and pricing pressures.

 

Research and Development

 

     Years Ended
December 31,
    Variance
in

Dollars
  Variance
in

Percent
    Years Ended
December 31,
    Variance
in

Dollars
  Variance
in

Percent
 
(Dollars in thousands)    2007     2006         2006     2005      

Research and development

   $ 23,589     $ 21,068     $ 2,521   12 %   $ 21,068     $ 18,402     $ 2,666   14 %

Percentage of net sales

     25 %     21 %         21 %     27 %    

 

Research and development (“R&D”) expenses increased in 2007 compared to 2006 primarily due to increased prototype expenses of $0.9 million, higher spending for outside services of $0.7 million and increased headcount-related expenses of $0.5 million in the United States and at our some of our international locations. R&D expenses tend to fluctuate from period to period, depending on requirements at the various stages of our product development cycles. Through our research and development activities, we have attempted to control costs and to develop products that address customer needs in a rapidly changing and competitive market so that we can increase our share in new markets and grow our sales. R&D expenses are expected to decline over time as a result of our efforts to consolidate product development activity.

 

R&D expenses increased in 2006 compared to 2005 primarily due to increased salaries and wages of $1.0 million associated with increased staffing in Canada and our Beijing research laboratory and retention bonus payments, increased parts and prototyping costs of $0.4 million, and increased stock-based compensation expense of $0.5 million associated with the adoption of SFAS 123R.

 

Selling and Marketing

 

     Years Ended
December 31,
    Variance
in

Dollars
   Variance
in

Percent
    Years Ended
December 31,
    Variance
in

Dollars
   Variance
in

Percent
 
(Dollars in thousands)    2007     2006          2006     2005       

Selling and marketing

   $ 28,817     $ 27,688     $ 1,129    4 %   $ 27,688     $ 23,462     $ 4,226    18 %

Percentage of net sales

     31 %     28 %          28 %     34 %     

 

Selling and marketing expenses increased in 2007 compared to 2006 primarily due to increased outside services expense associated with product marketing and public relations of $0.8 million and increased headcount-related expenses of $0.6 million.

 

Selling and marketing expenses increased in 2006 compared to 2005 primarily due to increased salaries and wages of $1.5 million primarily associated with increased headcount and retention bonus payments, increased commission expense of $1.7 million associated with increased sales, and increased stock-based compensation expense of $0.4 million associated with the adoption of SFAS 123R. The commission expenses included in selling and marketing can fluctuate both with changes in sales volume and with changes in the channels through which the sales flow. We use different distribution methods to supply our products to different geographical regions and different customers, and the commission rates we incur can vary among these channels. International sales to distributors are generally made at substantial discounts but without commission, resulting in both lower sales prices and lower marketing expenses than equivalent sales made domestically directly to the end customer.

 

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General and Administrative

 

     Years Ended
December 31,
    Variance
in

Dollars
  Variance
in

Percent
    Years Ended
December 31,
    Variance
in

Dollars
  Variance
in

Percent
 
(Dollars in thousands)    2007     2006         2006     2005      

General and administrative

   $ 18,746     $ 16,586     $ 2,160   13 %   $ 16,586     $ 14,795     $ 1,791   12 %

Percentage of net sales

     20 %     17 %         17 %     22 %    

 

General and administrative expenses increased in 2007 compared to 2006 primarily due to increased professional fees of $0.8 million, higher spending for outside services of $0.7 million and increased headcount-related expenses of $0.4 million. General and administrative expenses are expected to continue at similar levels through the first half of 2008 as decreased legal expenses are offset by increased costs of compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley and continuing accounting and audit related expenses. These costs are expected to decline in the second half of 2008 as the Company implements its restructuring plans.

 

General and administrative expenses increased in 2006 compared to 2005 primarily due to increased salaries and wages of $1.7 million primarily associated with increased headcount and retention bonus payments, increased legal expense of $0.6 million related to special investigations, increased audit related expense of $0.7 million due to expanded procedures as a result of the investigation and restatement, offset in part by lower amortization expense related to intangible assets of $1.0 million and lower legal fees of $0.2 million due to the settlement of litigation with Acterna in August 2005. During 2006, we experienced substantial costs related to a special investigation undertaken by the Audit Committee. Excluding this item, general and administrative expense in 2006 was essentially flat as compared to 2005.

 

Gain from Legal Settlement

 

A one-time settlement of $1.5 million was received as a result of the settlement of all litigation between us and Acterna in August 2005. This is considered an unusual item and reported separately on the consolidated statements of operations as a component of operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2005.

 

Other Income, Net

 

     Years Ended
December 31,
    Variance
in

Dollars
    Variance
in

Percent
    Years Ended
December 31,
    Variance
in

Dollars
  Variance
in

Percent
 
(Dollars in thousands)    2007     2006         2006     2005      

Other income, net

   $ 2,043     $ 2,174     $ (131 )   (6 )%   $ 2,174     $ 472     $ 1,702   361 %

Percentage of net sales

     2 %     2 %         2 %     1 %    

 

Other income, net primarily represents interest earned on cash and investment balances and gains and/or losses on assets, liabilities, and transactions denominated in foreign currencies. Other income, net decreased slightly in 2007 compared to 2006 due to losses on the disposal of fixed assets of $0.4 million, partially offset by the positive impact of higher realized gains of $0.2 million on our sale of Top Union Electronics Corp. (“Top Union”) stock that we recognized in 2007. As of December 31, 2007, we no longer hold shares of Top Union stock.

 

Other income, net increased in 2006 compared to 2005 reflecting a $1.3 million increase in exchange gains due to the impact of the declining dollar on our investments in foreign subsidiaries, and increased gains of $0.3 million from the sale of Top Union stock recognized in 2006.

 

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Income Tax Expense

 

Income tax expense consists primarily of state and foreign income taxes. Income tax expense decreased to $0.8 million in 2007 from $1.7 million in 2006 and reflects the lower levels of taxable income generated in 2007 in certain of our foreign subsidiaries.

 

Income tax expense increased to $1.7 million in 2006 from $1.2 million in 2005 and reflects the higher levels of taxable income generated in 2006 in certain of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries.

 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

 

Cash Requirements and Capital Resources

 

As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, we had working capital of $32.0 million and $40.7 million, respectively, and cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $16.0 million and $22.0 million, respectively.

 

In 2001, we obtained a loan from the Italian government, which bears interest at 2% a year. At December 31, 2007, the outstanding balance on this loan was $0.6 million, which is to be repaid by semi-annual principal payments over an eight-year period which began in July 2003.

 

On August 13, 2007, we entered into a $10 million secured revolving credit arrangement, as well as a letter of credit facility, with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”). We may borrow, repay and reborrow under the line of credit facility at any time. The amount that we are able to borrow under the revolving credit agreement will vary based on our eligible accounts receivable, as defined in the agreement. The borrowing base on the revolving credit agreement is $5 million plus 80% of eligible accounts receivable. As of June 30, 2008, we were able to borrow approximately $8.7 million under the revolving credit agreement. The line of credit facility bears interest at the bank’s prime rate of 5.0% at August 31, 2008. Our line of credit is collateralized by substantially all of our assets and requires us to comply with customary affirmative and negative covenants principally relating to the use and disposition of assets, tangible net worth and the satisfaction of a quick ratio test. In addition, the credit arrangement contains customary events of default. Upon the occurrence of an uncured event of default, among other things, the bank may declare that all amounts owed under the credit arrangement are due and payable. The line of credit and facility expires on August 13, 2008. As of December 28, 2007, the revolving credit arrangement was amended to reduce our tangible net worth requirement from $57 million to $50 million. As of December 31, 2007, there were no amounts outstanding under this revolving credit agreement.

 

On August 12, 2008, we amended our secured revolving credit arrangement with SVB, which was scheduled to expire on August 13, 2008, to extend the term of all indebtedness to August 12, 2009. We also reduced our required Quick Ratio Covenant to 0.80:1.00 (from 1:1) and our required minimum Tangible Net Worth Covenant to $44 million for the fiscal quarters ending September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2008 and to $40 million for the fiscal quarters ending March 31, 2009 and June 30, 2009 (from $50 million for all such periods). In addition, SVB also gave us a limited waiver of existing default due to our Tangible Net Worth being less than $50 million as of June 30, 2008. As of August 31, 2008, there was $3.0 million outstanding under this revolving credit agreement.

 

On February 6, 2008, we announced a restructuring plan intended to reduce costs and improve operating efficiencies. The plan included a 12% reduction in our worldwide workforce, across all functional areas, and the closing of certain international offices. On May 1, 2008, we also announced plans to restructure our operations to more closely align them with our key strategic focus and more effectively target the residential triple play market, enhanced business services and the converging core network. We announced that we would consolidate our broadband, wireline and fiber optics operations. As a result of combining our business units and operations, we are likely to reduce or eliminate investment in some or all of them, reduce or eliminate product lines, reduce or eliminate our sales presence in certain geographic areas, and likely reduce our revenues.

 

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The cost reduction program, when fully implemented, is expected to save approximately $10-12 million per year on a pre-tax basis. We will recognize one-time charges of approximately $1.4 million in the first quarter of 2008 and $0.3 million in the second quarter of 2008 associated with employee severance payments, lease terminations, and other related impairment charges. The restructuring and impairment costs include employee severance and benefit costs, costs related to leased facilities to be abandoned or subleased, and impairment of owned equipment that will be disposed.

 

We believe that our current cash balances, future cash flows, anticipated asset sales, and line of credit arrangement will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for our operations, complete needed business projects, achieve our plans and objectives, meet financial commitments, meet working capital requirements, make capital expenditures, and fund other activities beyond the next twelve months from the date of the filing of this Form 10-K.

 

Sources and Uses of Cash

 

Cash used in operating activities was $2.8 million in 2007. Cash provided by operating activities was $2.7 million in 2006. Cash used in operating activities was $4.0 million in 2005. Cash used in operating activities increased during 2007 compared to 2006 primarily due to the net loss for 2007. Cash provided by operating activities increased during 2006 compared to 2005 primarily due to net income in 2006, increased income taxes payable and deferred revenue. These increases were partially offset by increased inventories and accounts receivable in response to higher sales volume. In general, our ability to generate and sustain positive cash flows from operations will depend on our ability to generate and collect cash from future sales, while maintaining a cost structure lower than those sales amounts. Therefore, sales volume is the most significant uncertainty in our ability to generate positive cash flows from operations.

 

Cash provided by investing activities was $1.8 million in 2007 compared to cash used in investing activities of $2.9 million in 2006. Cash provided by investing activities was $6.2 million in 2005. The $4.7 million increase in net cash provided by investing activities during 2007 compared to 2006 was primarily due to an increase in the sales of short-term investments, net of purchases and a reduction of capital expenditures in 2007. The $9.1 million decrease in net cash provided by investing activities during 2006 compared to 2005 was primarily due to an increase in capital expenditures associated primarily with the relocation of our manufacturing facility in Taiwan and a decrease in proceeds received from the sale of short-term investments, net of purchases. As of December 31, 2007, we had no plans for nonrecurring capital expenditures outside the usual course of those needed for our ongoing production, research and development, and selling and marketing activities.

 

Cash used in financing activities was $0.2 million in 2007, $0.5 million in 2006, and $1.4 million in 2005. The decrease in cash used in financing activities during 2007 compared to 2006 was primarily due to increases in restricted cash during 2006 that were not required during 2007 and reduced payments on notes payable. The decrease in cash used in financing activities during 2006 compared to 2005 was primarily due to the Board of Directors not declaring a cash dividend to be paid in 2006, offset by an increase in restricted cash and a decrease in proceeds from common stock issued under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan and exercise of stock options. No purchases of stock under the Stock Purchase Plan or exercises of stock options have been permitted subsequent to December 2005 due to restrictions on our ability to issue stock as a result of not being current with our SEC filings.

 

Debt Instruments, Guarantees, and Related Covenants

 

Our outstanding debt at December 31, 2007 consisted primarily of a $0.6 million loan from the Italian government for research and development that is payable over a period of eight years through semi-annual payments ending in 2011. We have not used off-balance sheet financing arrangements, issued or purchased derivative instruments linked to our stock, or used our stock as a form of liquidity. We do not believe that there are any known or reasonably likely

 

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changes in credit ratings or ratings outlook or an inability to achieve such changes which would have any significant impact on our operations. We are not subject to any debt covenants that we believe might have a material impact on our business.

 

On August 13, 2007, we entered into a $10 million revolving credit arrangement and line of credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank, which revolving credit agreement was amended on August 12, 2008. It is collateralized by substantially all of our assets. As of December 31, 2007, there were no amounts outstanding under this revolving credit agreement. As of August 31, 2008, there was $3.0 million outstanding under this revolving credit agreement and we were in compliance with all operating and financial covenants. Please refer to “Note 17—Subsequent Events” of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding our current Revolving Credit Agreement.

 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates, assumptions, and judgments that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable. Although these estimates are based on our present best knowledge of the future impact that current events and actions will have on us, actual results may differ from these estimates, assumptions, and judgments.

 

We consider “critical” those accounting policies that require our most subjective or complex judgments, which often result from a need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain, and that are among the most important of our accounting policies to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations. These critical accounting policies are the determination of our allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, valuation of excess and obsolete inventory, valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets, accounting for the liability of product warranty, deferred income tax assets and liabilities, revenue recognition, and accounting for stock-based compensation.

 

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable

 

We determine our allowance for doubtful accounts receivable by making our best estimate of specific uncollectible accounts considering our historical accounts receivable collection experience and the information that we have about the current status of our accounts receivable balances. If future conditions cause our collection experience to change or if we later obtain different information about the status of any or all of our accounts receivable, additional allowances for doubtful accounts receivable may be required. We charge provisions for doubtful accounts receivable to general and administrative expenses on our statements of operations.

 

Valuation of Excess and Obsolete Inventory

 

We determine the valuation of excess and obsolete inventory by making our best estimate considering the current quantities of inventory on hand and our forecast of the need for this inventory to support future sales of our products. We often have limited information on which to base our forecasts, and if future sales differ from these forecasts, the valuation of excess and obsolete inventory may change. We charge provisions for excess and obsolete inventory to cost of sales on our statement of operations.

 

Valuation of Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

 

We evaluate the valuation of goodwill in the manner prescribed by SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (“SFAS 142”). As required by SFAS 142, we test goodwill for impairment annually, during our fourth fiscal quarter. We would also test goodwill for impairment if certain events or changes in circumstances stipulated by SFAS 142 were to occur. SFAS 142 prescribes a two-phase process for the impairment testing of goodwill. The first screens

 

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for impairment by comparing the fair value of our reporting unit, which we consider to be the market capitalization of our entire telecommunications testing equipment business, to its carrying value. If the carrying value were to exceed the fair value, the second phase of the process would occur. In the second phase, we would recognize an impairment for the excess of the carrying value, if any, of our goodwill over its implied fair value. The implied fair value of our goodwill is the excess of our reporting unit’s total fair value over the combined net fair values of its individual assets and liabilities. Based on the annual test for impairment performed during the fourth fiscal quarter of 2007, goodwill was determined not to be impaired. Our market capitalization has historically exceeded our net asset value, although our market capitalization has been declining in 2008 and was consistently below our net asset value during the third quarter of 2008. As of August 31, 2008, our market capitalization was approximately $10 million below our net asset value and our stock price has continued to decline further in the month of September. This decline in our market capitalization will trigger the requirement of performing the second phase of the impairment testing of goodwill in 2008.

 

We evaluate the valuation of intangible assets other than goodwill in the manner prescribed by SFAS 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. As required by that standard, we monitor events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that the carrying amount of an intangible asset may not be recoverable. These events and circumstances include a significant change in how we use the asset, significant changes in legal factors or the business climate that could affect the asset’s value, and current period operating or cash flow losses combined with a history of such losses or a forecast of continuing losses associated with the use of the asset. If such an event or change in circumstances were to occur, we would assess the recoverability of the intangible asset by determining whether its carrying value would be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the carrying value of the asset were to exceed the undiscounted expected future cash flows, we would recognize an impairment for the excess of the carrying value over the asset’s fair value.

 

Product Warranties

 

Our wireline access products and fiber optic products sold in the United States are covered by a three-year warranty covering parts and labor, with an option to purchase a two-year extended warranty. Our cable broadband and signaling products are covered by a one to three year warranty, with an option to purchase a two-year extended warranty. Our products sold in all other countries generally are sold with a one-year warranty, with the option to purchase a two-year extended warranty. We defer revenue from services and support provided under our extended warranty programs and recognize it on a straight-line basis over the warranty period. We are also subject to laws and regulations in the various countries in which we sell regarding vendor obligations to ensure product performance. At the time we recognize revenue from a product’s sale, we determine the reserve for the future cost of meeting our obligations under the standard warranties and product performance laws and regulations by considering our historical experience with the costs of meeting such obligations. If the future costs of meeting these obligations differ from our historical experience, additional reserves for warranty obligations may be required. We charge provisions for future warranty costs to cost of sales in our statements of operations.

 

Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities

 

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and for the future tax consequences attributable to operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. In assessing the recoverability of deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of certain deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the related temporary differences become deductible. If we obtain information that causes our forecast of future taxable income to change or if taxable income differs from our forecast, we may have to revise the carrying value of our deferred tax assets, which would affect our net income in the period in which the change occurs.

 

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The ultimate realization of certain other deferred tax assets is dependent on our ability to carry forward or back operating losses and tax credits. If changes in the tax laws occur that inhibit our ability to carry forward or back operating losses or tax credits, we will recognize the effect on our deferred tax assets in the results of operations of the period that includes the enactment date of the change. Furthermore, we measure our deferred tax assets and liabilities using the enacted tax laws expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. If tax laws change, we will recognize the effect on our deferred tax assets and liabilities in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date of the change.

 

During the first quarter of 2004, we recorded a valuation allowance against all of our net deferred tax assets in the United States and most of the foreign jurisdictions in the amount of $9.0 million. We evaluated all significant available positive and negative evidence, including the existence of cumulative net losses in recent periods, benefits that could be realized from available tax strategies, and forecasts of future taxable income, in determining the need for a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets. The cumulative net losses in recent periods represented sufficient negative evidence that was difficult for positive evidence to overcome under the evaluation guidance of SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (“SFAS 109”). Accordingly, a valuation allowance was recorded. We intend to maintain this valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence, such as the resumption of a consistent earnings pattern, exists to support our reversal in accordance with SFAS 109. The expense for recording the valuation allowance is a non-cash item, and the recording of this expense does not imply that we owe additional income taxes.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

We recognize revenue from a customer order when all of the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred; the price is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. For product sales, we consider delivery to have occurred when title and risk of loss have been transferred to the customer, which is usually when the product has been received by a common carrier. For services, we consider delivery to have occurred once the service has been provided. We use objective evidence of fair value to allocate revenue to elements in multiple element arrangements and recognize revenue when the criteria for revenue recognition has been met for each element. In the absence of objective evidence of fair value of a delivered element, we allocate revenue to the fair value of the undelivered elements and the residual revenue to the delivered elements. The price charged when an element is sold separately generally determines its fair value.

 

When the arrangement with the customer includes future obligations or customer acceptance provisions, we recognize revenue when those obligations have been met or customer acceptance has been received. We defer revenue from services and support provided under our extended warranty programs, and recognize it on a straight-line basis over the warranty period. Deferred revenue represents amounts received from customers in advance of services and support to be provided and amounts received for product sales that are subject to customer acceptance. Provisions are recorded at the time of sale for estimated product returns, standard warranty obligations, and customer support.

 

Stock-based Compensation

 

In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS 123R, which addresses the accounting for share-based payment transactions in which we obtain employee services in exchange for (a) our equity instruments or (b) liabilities that are based on the fair value of our equity instruments or that may be settled by the issuance of such equity instruments. This statement eliminates the ability to account for employee share-based payment transactions using Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and requires instead that such transactions be accounted for using the grant-date fair value based method. We implemented SFAS 123R effective January 1, 2006 using the modified-prospective method of recognition of stock-based compensation expense.

 

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SFAS 123R requires all share-based payments, including grants of stock options and employee stock purchase rights, to be recognized in our financial statements based on their respective grant date fair values. Under this standard, the fair value of each employee stock option and employee stock purchase right is estimated on the date of grant using an option pricing model that meets certain requirements. We currently use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of our share-based payments. The determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards utilizing the Black-Scholes model is affected by our stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. We use the actual historic volatility of our stock as the expected volatility assumption required in the Black-Scholes model.

 

The expected life of the stock options is based on historical data trended into the future. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on observed interest rates appropriate for the terms of our stock options and stock purchase rights. The dividend yield assumption is based on our history and expectation of dividend payouts. Stock-based compensation expense recognized in our financial statements in 2006 and thereafter is based on awards that are ultimately expected to vest. The amount of stock-based compensation expense in 2006 and thereafter will be reduced for estimated forfeitures based on historical experience. Forfeitures are required to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. We will evaluate the assumptions used to value stock awards on a quarterly basis. If factors change and we employ different assumptions, stock-based compensation expense may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the past. If there are any modifications or cancellations of the underlying unvested securities, we may be required to accelerate, increase or cancel any remaining unearned stock-based compensation expense. To the extent that we grant additional equity securities to employees or we assume unvested securities in connection with any acquisitions, our stock-based compensation expense will be increased by the additional unearned compensation resulting from those additional grants or acquisitions. If we had adopted SFAS 123R in prior periods, the magnitude of the impact of that standard on our results of operations would have approximated the impact of SFAS 123, assuming the application of the Black-Scholes option pricing model as described in the disclosure of pro forma net income (loss) and pro forma net income (loss) per share in Note 12 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

 

As of December 31, 2007, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our current or future financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources.

 

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

 

The following table summarizes, as of December 31, 2007, the timing of future cash payments due under certain contractual obligations (in thousands):

 

     Payments Due In
   Total    Less than
1 year
   1-3
years
   3-5
years
   More than
5 years

Borrowings and notes payable

   $607    $183    $340    $84    $—  

Interest expense associated with borrowings and notes payable

   21    10    10    1    —  

Operating lease obligations

   5,257    1,868    2,811    552    26

Purchase obligations*

   3,846    3,846    —      —      —  
                        

Total

   $9,731    $5,907    $3,161    $637    $26
                        

 

*   Represents our outstanding purchase orders for goods and services. While the amount above represents our purchase agreements as of December 31, 2007, the actual amounts to be paid may be less in the event that any agreements are renegotiated, cancelled, or terminated.

 

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We have $1.7 million of long-term income taxes payable related to unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2007. We cannot estimate the payments due by period because the total income taxes payable and timing of tax payments depend on the resolution of uncertain tax positions and any future tax examinations which cannot be estimated with certainty. Therefore, the income taxes payable related to unrecognized tax benefits are not reflected in the contractual obligations table above.

 

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

 

In July 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an Interpretation of SFAS 109 (“FIN 48”), to create a single model to address accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold that a tax position must reach before financial statement recognition. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. Effective January 1, 2007, we adopted the provisions of FIN 48, the adoption of which did not have a significant impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. The effect of the adoption of FIN 48 on our consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2007 is summarized in “Note 14—Income Taxes.”

 

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (“SFAS 157”). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, which is our fiscal year 2008, for financial assets and liabilities and for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, which is our fiscal year 2009, for non-financial assets and liabilities. We do not expect that the adoption of SFAS 157 will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

 

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (“SFAS 159”). SFAS 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in earnings. SFAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, which will be our fiscal year 2008. We do not expect that the adoption of SFAS 159 will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

 

In June 2007, the FASB ratified the consensus reached on EITF Issue No. 07-3, Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or Services Received for Use in Future Research and Development Activities (“EITF 07-3”), which requires that nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities be deferred and amortized over the period that the goods are delivered or the related services are performed, subject to an assessment of recoverability. EITF 07-3 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007, which will be our fiscal year 2008. We do not expect that the adoption of EITF 07-3 will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

 

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations (“SFAS 141R”), which replaces SFAS No. 141. SFAS 141R establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the goodwill acquired. SFAS 141R also establishes disclosure requirements which will enable users to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. SFAS 141R is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. We will be required to adopt SFAS 141R in our fiscal year 2009 commencing January 1, 2009.

 

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ITEM 7A.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

 

Foreign Currency Risk

 

We sell our products in North America, the Asia/Pacific region, Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, and Europe and maintain operations in several different countries. Changes in currency exchange rates affect the valuation in our financial statements of the assets and liabilities of these operations. We also have a portion of our sales denominated in euros, the Canadian dollar, Japanese yen, Korean won, and other currencies, which are also affected by changes in currency exchange rates. To hedge these risks, we have, at certain times, used derivative financial instruments. As of December 31, 2007, we had no material derivative financial instruments or other foreign exchange risk hedging devices. With or without hedges, our financial results could be affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates, although foreign exchange risks have not been material to our financial position or results of operations to date.

 

Interest Rate Risk

 

We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes and changes in the market values of our investments. Our exposure to market rate risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investment portfolio. We have not held derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. We invest our excess cash in depository accounts with financial institutions, in debt instruments of United States governmental agencies, and in debt instruments of high-quality corporate issuers, and, by policy, we limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. We protect and preserve our invested funds by limiting default, market, and reinvestment risk through portfolio diversification and review of the financial stability of the institutions with which we deposit funds and from whom we purchase debt instruments.

 

Investments in both fixed rate and floating rate interest earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Fixed rate securities may have their fair market value adversely impacted due to a rise in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fall short of expectations due to changes in interest rates, or we may suffer losses in principal if forced to sell securities that have declined in market value due to changes in interest rates. Because our investment policy restricts us to conservative, interest-bearing investments and because our business strategy does not rely on generating material returns from our investment portfolio, we do not expect our market risk exposure on our investment portfolio to be material.

 

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ITEM 8.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

 

Index to Financial Statements

 

     Page

Audited Consolidated Financial Statements of Sunrise Telecom Incorporated

  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   49

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2007 and 2006

   50

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005

   51

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December  31, 2007, 2006, and 2005

   52

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005

   53

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   54

 

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Sunrise Telecom Incorporated:

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Sunrise Telecom Incorporated and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2007. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Sunrise Telecom Incorporated and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2007, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004) (“SFAS 123R”), Share-Based Payment, and FASB Interpretation No. 48 (“FIN 48”), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an Interpretation of SFAS 109, effective January 1, 2006 and January 1, 2007, respectively.

 

/s/ KPMG LLP

 

Mountain View, California

October 2, 2008

 

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SUNRISE TELECOM INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

(in thousands, except per share data)

 

     December 31,
      2007     2006
ASSETS     

Current assets:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 15,981     $ 17,450

Short-term investments

     —         4,565

Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $270 and $281, respectively

     17,972       22,079

Inventories

     17,445       17,639

Prepaid expenses and other assets

     2,283       1,674

Deferred tax assets

     982       417
              

Total current assets

     54,663       63,824

Property and equipment, net

     27,211       28,064

Restricted cash

     296       300

Marketable securities

     —         861

Goodwill

     12,736       12,608

Intangible assets, net

     1,116       1,084

Other assets

     854       917
              

Total assets

   $ 96,876     $ 107,658
              
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY     

Current liabilities:

    

Short-term borrowings and current portion of notes payable

   $ 183     $ 181

Accounts payable

     4,653       2,453

Other accrued liabilities

     15,158       14,518

Income taxes payable

     181       3,562

Deferred revenue

     2,520       2,416
              

Total current liabilities

     22,695       23,130

Notes payable, less current portion

     424       528

Income taxes payable

     1,700       —  

Deferred revenue, less current portion

     13       25

Deferred tax liabilities

     2,106       1,239
              

Total liabilities

     26,938       24,922
              

Stockholders’ equity:

    

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding

     —         —  

Common stock, $0.001 par value per share; 175,000,000 shares authorized; 51,349,058 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively

     51       51

Additional paid-in capital

     77,788       77,426

Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)

     (8,792 )     3,764

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     891       1,495
              

Total stockholders’ equity

     69,938       82,736
              

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 96,876     $ 107,658
              

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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SUNRISE TELECOM INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Consolidated Statements of Operations

 

(in thousands, except per share data)

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006    2005  

Net sales

   $ 93,391     $ 99,880    $ 68,514  

Cost of sales

     36,018       34,504      22,874  
                       

Gross profit

     57,373       65,376      45,640  
                       

Operating expenses:

       

Research and development

     23,589       21,068      18,402  

Selling and marketing

     28,817       27,688      23,462  

General and administrative

     18,746       16,586      14,795  

Gain from legal settlement

     —         —        (1,500 )
                       

Total operating expenses

     71,152       65,342      55,159  
                       

Income (loss) from operations

     (13,779 )     34      (9,519 )

Other income, net

     2,043       2,174      472  
                       

Income (loss) before income taxes

     (11,736 )     2,208      (9,047 )

Income tax expense

     820       1,694      1,193  
                       

Net income (loss)

   $ (12,556 )   $ 514    $ (10,240 )
                       

Net income (loss) per share:

       

Basic and diluted

   $ (0.24 )   $ 0.01    $ (0.20 )
                       

Shares used in computing net income (loss) per share:

       

Basic

     51,349       51,349      51,006  
                       

Diluted

     51,349       51,580      51,006  
                       

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive

Income (Loss)

 

(in thousands)

 

    Common Stock   Additional
Paid-in
Capital
    Deferred
Stock-based
Compensation
    Retained
Earnings

(Accumulated
Deficit)
    Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
    Total
Stockholders’
Equity
    Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
    Shares   Amount            

Balances, December 31, 2004

  50,703   $ 51   $ 75,412     $ (60 )   $ 16,029     $ 2,054     $ 93,486    

Exercise of common stock options

  166     —       270       —         —         —         270    

Common stock issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan

  480     —       711       —         —         —         711    

Deferred stock-based compensation

  —       —       (1 )     52       —         —         51    

Cash dividend of $0.05 per share

  —       —       —         —         (2,539 )     —         (2,539 )  

Change in unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments

  —       —       —         —         —         (613 )     (613 )   $ (613 )

Cumulative translation adjustment

  —       —       —         —         —         (277 )     (277 )     (277 )

Net loss

  —       —       —         —         (10,240 )     —         (10,240 )     (10,240 )
                                                         

Comprehensive loss

                $ (11,130 )
                     

Balances, December 31, 2005

  51,349     51     76,392       (8 )     3,250       1,164       80,849    
                                                   

Reversal of deferred stock-based compensation

  —       —       (8 )     8       —         —         —      

Stock-based compensation expense

  —       —       1,042       —         —         —         1,042    

Change in unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments

  —       —       —         —         —         352       352     $ 352  

Cumulative translation adjustment

  —       —       —         —         —         (21 )     (21 )     (21 )

Net income

  —       —       —         —         514       —         514       514  
                                                         

Comprehensive income

                $ 845  
                     

Balances, December 31, 2006

  51,349     51     77,426       —         3,764       1,495       82,736    
                                                   

Stock-based compensation expense

  —       —       362       —         —         —         362    

Change in unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments

  —       —       —         —         —         (406 )     (406 )   $ (406 )

Cumulative translation adjustment

  —       —       —         —         —         (198 )     (198 )     (198 )

Net loss

  —       —       —         —         (12,556 )     —         (12,556 )     (12,556 )
                                                         

Comprehensive loss

                $ (13,160 )
                     

Balances, December 31, 2007

  51,349   $ 51   $ 77,788     $ —       $ (8,792 )   $ 891     $ 69,938    
                                                   

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 

(in thousands)

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Cash flows from operating activities:

      

Cash received from customers

   $ 97,950     $ 96,840     $ 65,984  

Cash paid to suppliers and employees

     (100,234 )     (95,983 )     (71,711 )

Income taxes paid

     (2,593 )     (146 )     (403 )

Interest and other receipts, net

     2,081       1,957       2,142  
                        

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

     (2,796 )     2,668       (3,988 )
                        

Cash flows from investing activities:

      

Purchases of short-term investments

     (1,003 )     (4,510 )     (6,819 )

Proceeds from sales of short-term investments

     5,570       6,577       16,300  

Proceeds from sales of marketable securities

     976       657       3  

Capital expenditures

     (3,403 )     (5,401 )     (3,281 )

Acquisition of intangible assets

     (297 )     (236 )     —    
                        

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

     1,843       (2,913 )     6,203  
                        

Cash flows from financing activities:

      

Decrease (increase) in restricted cash

     4       (283 )     288  

Proceeds from notes payable

     —         27       64  

Payments on notes payable

     (169 )     (240 )     (194 )

Dividends paid

     —         —         (2,539 )

Net proceeds from issuance of common stock

     —         —         711  

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

     —         —         270  
                        

Net cash used in financing activities

     (165 )     (496 )     (1,400 )
                        

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

     (351 )     (133 )     (249 )
                        

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     (1,469 )     (874 )     566  

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year

     17,450       18,324       17,758  
                        

Cash and cash equivalents, end of year

   $ 15,981     $ 17,450     $ 18,324  
                        

Reconciliation of net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

      

Net income (loss)

   $ (12,556 )   $ 514     $ (10,240 )
                        

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

      

Depreciation and amortization

     4,585       5,186       6,576  

Stock-based compensation

     362       1,042       51  

Provision for (recoveries of) losses on accounts receivable

     378       271       (80 )

Loss on disposal of property and equipment

     550       111       156  

Gain on sale of marketable securities

     (521 )     (341 )     (2 )

Deferred income taxes

     302       (158 )     642  

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

      

Accounts receivable

     3,729       (4,625 )     (2,530 )

Inventories

     (246 )     (4,837 )     (2,025 )

Prepaid expenses and other assets

     (548 )     (518 )     (226 )

Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities

     2,758       2,729       3,279  

Income taxes receivable and payable

     (1,681 )     1,704       148  

Deferred revenue

     92       1,590       263  
                        

Total adjustments

     9,760       2,154       6,252  
                        

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

   $ (2,796 )   $ 2,668     $ (3,988 )
                        

Supplemental Disclosures

      

Cash paid for interest

   $ 29     $ 23     $ 18  
                        

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

(1)    Business and Significant Accounting Policies

 

(a)    Business

 

Sunrise Telecom Incorporated (the “Company”) designs, manufactures, and markets service verification equipment that enables service providers to pre-qualify facilities for services, verify newly installed services, and diagnose problems relating to telecommunications, cable broadband, internet access and wireless networks. The Company sells its products on six continents through a worldwide network of manufacturers, sales representatives, distributors, and direct sales people. Due to its international operations, the Company has wholly-owned subsidiaries located outside of the United States in Canada, Italy, Taiwan, Switzerland, South Korea, Japan, China, Germany, France, Spain, and Mexico.

 

(b)    Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

 

(c)    Revenue Recognition

 

The Company recognizes revenue from a customer order when all of the following criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. For product sales, the Company considers delivery to have occurred when title and risk of loss have been transferred to the customer, which is usually at the time that the product has been picked up by a common carrier. For services, the Company considers delivery to have occurred once the service has been provided. The Company uses objective evidence of fair value to allocate revenue to elements in multiple element arrangements and recognize revenue when the criteria for revenue recognition have been met for each element. In the absence of objective evidence of fair value of a delivered element, the Company allocates revenue to the fair value of the undelivered elements and the residual revenue to the delivered elements. The price charged when an element is sold separately generally determines fair value.

 

The Company generally does not sell its products with rights of return. On the few occasions when the Company has agreed to provide customers with rights of return, it has deferred recognition of sales revenue until the rights of return have lapsed. The Company generally does not provide extended payment terms to its customers. The normal terms are typically thirty days for North America and up to sixty days in other markets. Outside the United States, the Company sells its products through a mix of its own sales offices and independent distributors.

 

When the arrangement with the customer includes future obligations or customer acceptance provisions, the Company recognizes revenue when those obligations have been met or customer acceptance has been received. The Company defers revenue from services and support provided under its extended warranty programs and recognizes it on a straight-line basis over the warranty period. Deferred revenue represents amounts received from customers in advance of services and support to be provided and amounts received prior to customer acceptance. Provisions are recorded at the time of sale for estimated product returns, standard warranty obligations, and customer support.

 

(d)    Warranty Cost

 

The Company’s products are covered by standard warranties of one to three years to its customers depending on the specific product and terms of the customer purchase agreement. In addition, the Company offers its customers the option to purchase a two-year extended warranty. The Company’s standard warranties require it to repair or replace

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

defective products during the warranty period at no cost to the customer. At the time that product revenue is recognized, the Company records a liability for estimated costs under its standard warranties. The costs are estimated based on historical experience. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded liability for product warranties and adjusts the amount as necessary.

 

(e)    Research and Development

 

Costs incurred in the research and development of new products and enhancements to existing products are expensed as incurred until the product has been completed and tested and is ready for commercial manufacturing. Accordingly, no research and development costs have been capitalized.

 

(f)    Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

For financial instruments consisting of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities included in the Company’s financial statements, the carrying amounts are reasonable estimates of fair value due to their short maturities. Estimated fair values for investment securities, which are separately disclosed elsewhere, are based on quoted market prices for the same or similar instruments. Based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company, the carrying value of the notes payable is not materially different from the fair value as of December 31, 2007.

 

(g)    Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

 

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less when acquired to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 consisted primarily of cash on deposit with banks and money market funds. The Company determines the appropriate classification of debt and equity securities at the time of purchase. Investments classified as available for sale are reported at market value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported as a separate component of other comprehensive income or loss in stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses on sales of investments and declines in value determined to be other than temporary are included in other income (expense).

 

Short-term investments as of December 31, 2006 consisted primarily of market auction rate notes that reset every seven to 90 days, but have an underlying maturity that extends beyond ninety days. The fair value of the short-term investments approximated cost as of December 31, 2006.

 

(h)    Restricted Cash

 

Restricted cash is cash held in certificates of deposit by a financial institution that collateralize standby letters of credit issued by the financial institution on the Company’s behalf.

 

(i)    Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

 

The Company determines its allowance for doubtful accounts receivable by making its best estimate of specific uncollectible accounts considering its historical accounts receivable collection experience and the information that it has about the current status of the accounts receivable balances. If future conditions cause the collection experience to change or if the Company later obtains different information about the status of any or all of its accounts receivable, additional allowances for doubtful accounts receivable may be required. The Company charges provisions for doubtful accounts receivable to general and administrative expenses and provisions for sales returns to net sales in its statements of operations.

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

(j)    Inventories

 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the weighted-average method.

 

(k)    Property and Equipment

 

Property and equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation and amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the lease term. Useful lives range from fifteen to thirty-nine years for buildings, five to seven years for improvements, and three to five years for equipment, furniture and fixtures.

 

(l)    Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

 

The Company initially records acquired intangible assets at their fair values. The Company amortizes those acquired intangible assets with estimable useful lives over those lives in proportion to the economic benefits consumed. The Company has determined that straight-line amortization over two to ten years reasonably approximates the consumption of these economic benefits. The Company capitalizes the legal and other costs of registering patents on technology developed by its own research and development activities. Legal and other costs of registering patents capitalized were $297,000, $236,000, and $27,000 during 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The Company amortizes the capitalized costs of issued or acquired patents over the estimated useful life or legal life of the patent, whichever is shorter.

 

The Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of its goodwill as of November 30 of each fiscal year, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be fully recoverable. Recoverability of goodwill is determined at the reporting unit level, with the Company as a single reporting unit, using a two-step approach. First, the carrying amount of the entire reporting unit is compared to its fair value, as determined by the market value of the Company’s outstanding common stock. If the carrying value of the entire reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step is performed. In this step, an impairment loss is recognized for the excess, if any, of the carrying amount of goodwill over its implied fair value. The implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is the amount by which the fair value of the entire reporting unit exceeds the sum of the individual fair values of its assets, except goodwill, less the sum of the individual fair values of its liabilities. The fair values of individual assets and liabilities may be estimated as the amount at which they could be bought or sold in a current transaction between willing parties. If this information is not available, fair value is determined based on the best information available under the circumstances. This often involves the use of valuation techniques, such as the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at a rate commensurate to the risk involved, or other acceptable valuation techniques.

 

(m)    Long-Lived Assets

 

Long-lived assets, including property and equipment and identifiable intangible assets, are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that such assets may be impaired, or that the estimated useful lives are no longer appropriate. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long Lived Assets (“SFAS 144”), the impairment evaluation is performed based on asset groups, which represent the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities. The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment based on estimated future undiscounted cash flows attributable to the assets. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the recorded value of the assets, the assets are written down to their estimated fair values using discounted estimates of future cash flows.

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

(n)    Income Taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method under SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (“SFAS 109”). Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and for the future tax consequences attributable to operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax laws expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws is recognized in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date.

 

SFAS 109 requires that the Company weigh both positive and negative evidence in order to ascertain whether it is likely that deferred tax assets will be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and for the future tax consequences attributable to operating losses and tax credit carry-forwards.

 

In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Interpretation 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an Interpretation of SFAS 109 (“FIN 48”), to create a single model to address accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold that a tax position must reach before financial statement recognition. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. Effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted the provisions of FIN 48, the adoption of which did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The effect of the adoption of FIN 48 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements is summarized in “Note 14—Income Taxes.”

 

(o)    Business and Concentrations of Credit Risk

 

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company’s cash equivalents consist primarily of cash on deposit with banks and money market funds.

 

Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade receivables are limited as the majority of the Company’s sales are derived from large telephone operating companies, large cable television system operators, and other established telecommunication companies with relatively good credit histories located throughout the world. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers.

 

The Company’s customers are concentrated in the telecommunications and cable broadband industries. Accordingly, the Company’s future success depends on the buying patterns of these customers and the continued demand by these customers for the Company’s products. Additionally, the market is characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, changes in end-user requirements, and frequent new product introductions and enhancements. The Company’s continued success will depend upon its ability to enhance existing products and to develop and introduce, on a timely basis, new products and features that keep pace with technological developments and emerging standards. As a result of its international sales, the Company’s operations are subject to risks of doing business abroad, including, but not limited to, fluctuations in the relative values of currencies, longer payment cycles,

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

and greater difficulty in collecting accounts receivable. Verizon Communications, Inc. accounted for 13% and 11% of the Company’s net sales in 2007 and 2006, respectively. No individual end customer or distributor accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s net sales in 2005.

 

The Company purchases many key products, such as microprocessors, field programmable gate arrays, bus interface chips, optical components, and oscillators, from a single source or from that source’s sole supplier and relies exclusively on third-party subcontractors to manufacture certain sub-assemblies. The Company may also retain third party design services in the development of the Company’s products. The Company does not have long-term supply agreements with these vendors. As a result of its reliance on single-source vendors, the Company’s operations are subject to risks including, but not limited to, interruption of supply of key components, delays in product manufacture and delivery, product development delays, price fluctuations, and exposure to quality related issues. Long lead-times for delivery of certain sole-sourced components may impact the ability of the Company to respond to changes in production demand in a timely fashion.

 

(p)    Earnings (loss) per Share

 

Basic earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed using the weighted-average number of common and dilutive potential common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Potential common equivalent shares consist of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options using the treasury stock method. For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, potential common equivalent shares from weighted average outstanding stock options of 3,304,334, 4,402,434 and 4,835,859, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS presented in the consolidated statements of operations because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

 

The following is a reconciliation of the shares used in the computation of basic and diluted EPS (in thousands):

 

     Years Ended December 31,
     2007    2006    2005

Basic—weighted-average number of common shares outstanding

   51,349    51,349    51,006

Effect of dilutive potential common equivalent shares:

        

Stock options outstanding

   —      231    —  
              

Diluted—weighted-average number of common shares and common equivalent shares outstanding

   51,349    51,580    51,006
              

 

(q)    Stock-Based Compensation

 

The Company has in effect stock incentive plans under which incentive stock options have been granted to employees and non-qualified stock options have been granted to employees and non-employee members of the Board of Directors. The Company also has an employee stock purchase plan for all eligible employees. Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123R, Share-Based Payment (“SFAS 123R”), which requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options and employee stock purchase rights, to be recognized in the financial statements based on their respective grant date fair values and does not allow the previously permitted pro forma disclosure-only method as an alternative to financial statement recognition. SFAS 123R superseded Accounting Principles Board Opinion (“APB”) No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (“APB 25”), and related interpretations and amended SFAS No. 95, Statement of Cash Flows. SFAS 123R also requires the benefits of

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost be reported as a financing cash flow, rather than as an operating cash flow as required under previous literature. In March 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 107, Share-Based Payment (“SAB 107”), which provides guidance regarding the interaction of SFAS 123R and certain SEC rules and regulations. The Company has applied the provisions of SAB 107 in its adoption of SFAS 123R.

 

SFAS 123R requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense ratably over the requisite service periods. The Company has estimated the fair value of each award as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. See Note 12 for further disclosures regarding the adoption of SFAS 123R.

 

(r)    Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company revises estimates as additional information becomes available.

 

(s)    Foreign Currency Translation

 

The functional currency for the Company’s foreign subsidiaries located in Taiwan and Canada is the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, the Company remeasures the monetary assets and liabilities of these foreign subsidiaries to the U.S. dollar at year-end exchange rates and remeasures the nonmonetary assets and liabilities to the U.S. dollar at historical rates. Income and expense amounts related to monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured to the U.S. dollar at the weighted average exchange rates in effect during the year, and income and expense accounts related to nonmonetary assets and liabilities are remeasured to the U.S. dollar at historical exchange rates. Remeasurement gains and losses are recognized as income, or expense, in the year of occurrence.

 

The functional currencies for the Company’s other foreign subsidiaries are the local currencies. Accordingly, the Company applies the period end exchange rate to translate each subsidiary’s assets and liabilities and the weighted average exchange rate for the period to translate the subsidiary’s revenues, expenses, gains, and losses into U.S. Dollars. Translation adjustments are included as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity.

 

(t)    Advertising Cost

 

The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Such costs are included in selling and marketing expense and totaled approximately $184,000, $417,000, and $743,000 during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.

 

(u)    Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (“SFAS 157”). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 does not expand the use of fair value in

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

any new circumstances. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, which is the Company’s fiscal year 2008, for financial assets and liabilities and for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, which is the Company’s fiscal year 2009, for non-financial assets and liabilities. The Company does not expect that the adoption of SFAS 157 will have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (“SFAS 159”). SFAS 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in earnings. SFAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, which will be the Company’s fiscal year 2008. The Company does not expect that the adoption of SFAS 159 will have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

In June 2007, the FASB ratified the consensus reached on EITF Issue No. 07-3, Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or Services Received for Use in Future Research and Development Activities (“EITF 07-3”), which requires that nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities be deferred and amortized over the period that the goods are delivered or the related services are performed, subject to an assessment of recoverability. EITF 07-3 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007, which will be the Company’s fiscal year 2008. The Company does not expect that the adoption of EITF 07-3 will have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations (“SFAS 141R”), which replaces SFAS No.141. SFAS 141R establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any non-controlling interest in the acquiree and the goodwill acquired. SFAS 141R also establishes disclosure requirements which will enable users to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. SFAS 141R is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company will be required to adopt SFAS 141R in its fiscal year 2009 commencing January 1, 2009.

 

(v)    Business Enterprise Segments

 

The Company operates in one reportable operating segment: the design, manufacture, and sale of equipment for testing wireline access, cable broadband, fiber optics and signaling. SFAS No. 131, Disclosure About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information (“SFAS 131”), establishes standards for the way public business enterprises report information about operating segments in annual consolidated financial statements and requires that those enterprises report selected information about operating segments in interim financial reports. SFAS 131 also establishes standards for related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas, and major customers.

 

(w)    Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

 

Other comprehensive income (loss) is recorded directly to stockholders’ equity and includes unrealized gains and losses which have been excluded from the consolidated statements of operations. These unrealized gains and losses consist of foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities.

 

(2)    Related Party Transactions

 

On February 7, 2006, Paul Chang resigned his positions as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and member of the Board of Directors. On that same day, the Company entered into an employment agreement with Mr. Chang, pursuant to which the Company employed Mr. Chang as its Technology Advisor at an

 

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annual salary of $400,000. Under the terms of the agreement, if Mr. Chang’s employment was terminated by the Company without cause and Mr. Chang executed a general release of claims, the Company agreed to provide him with certain severance benefits at the time of termination of employment less applicable withholdings. On March 14, 2006, the Company entered into a separation agreement with Mr. Chang and provided Mr. Chang a severance payment of $300,000, less applicable taxes as well as payment of outstanding salary and benefits.

 

Mr. Chang is the owner of Telecom Research Center (“TRC”). During 2006 and 2005, the Company purchased equipment used in its manufacturing process from TRC totaling $83,000 and $67,000, respectively. There were no purchases from TRC during 2007. The Company had no accounts payable to TRC at December 31, 2007 and 2006. The terms of the Company’s transactions with TRC are similar to those with unrelated parties. The Company’s business relationship with TRC was reviewed and approved by the Company’s Board of Directors and Audit Committee.

 

(3)    Financial Statement Details

 

Inventories

 

Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

     December 31,
     2007    2006

Raw materials

   $8,187    $11,323

Work in process

   5,486    2,732

Finished goods

   3,772    3,584
         
   $17,445    $17,639
         

 

Property and Equipment

 

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

     December 31,
     2007    2006

Land

   $8,821    $8,821

Building

   10,023    9,872

Equipment

   33,885    32,428

Furniture and fixtures

   2,634    2,584

Leasehold improvements

   1,606    1,420
         
   56,969    55,125

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

   29,758    27,061
         
   $27,211    $28,064
         

 

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 was $4.2 million, $4.4 million and $4.8 million, respectively.

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

Other Accrued Liabilities

 

Other accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

     December 31,
     2007    2006

Accrued compensation and other related benefits

   $5,861    $4,822

Commissions payable

   1,340    1,807

Sales tax payable

   423    931

Accrued warranty (see Note 8)

   1,454    1,656

Accrued inventory receipts

   1,226    1,536

Legal accrual

   307    372

Other accrued expenses

   4,547    3,394
         
   $15,158    $14,518
         

 

Other Income, net

 

Other income, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

     Years Ended December 31,
     2007    2006    2005

Interest income

   $733    $650    $676

Foreign exchange gain (loss)

   983    1,028    (272)

Gain on sale of marketable securities

   521    335    2

Interest expense

   (30)    (60)    (57)

Other income (expense), net

   (164)    221    123
              
   $2,043    $2,174    $472
              

 

(4)    Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

 

A summary of valuation and qualifying accounts is as follows (in thousands):

 

     Balance at
Beginning
of Year
   Charged to
Sales /
Expenses
   Write-offs    Reversals and
Recoveries
   Balance
at End of
Year

Allowance for doubtful accounts:

              

2007

   $281    $378    $(389)    $—      $270

2006

   $428    $66    $(213)    $—      $281

2005

   $799    $67    $(291)    $(147)    $428

 

(5)    Marketable Securities

 

The Company determines the appropriate classification of debt and equity securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates this designation at each balance sheet date. Investments classified as available-for-sale are reported at market value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported as a separate component of other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses on sales of investments and declines in value determined to be other than temporary are included in other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations.

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

Investment securities available for current operations are classified as current assets, and all other investment securities are classified as non-current assets.

 

Non-current marketable securities, at December 31, 2006, consisted entirely of common stock of Top Union Electronics Corp. (“Top Union”), a Taiwan R.O.C. corporation. The Company classified this investment as an available-for-sale security, which was stated at fair value with the unrealized gain presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company sold its remaining 1,883,000 shares of Top Union stock, realizing gross proceeds of approximately $976,000 and realizing gains of $521,000. During the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company sold 1,426,020 shares of Top Union stock, realizing gross proceeds of approximately $657,000 and realizing gains of $341,000.

 

(6)    Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

 

On January 1, 2002, the Company adopted SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (“SFAS 142”). In accordance with SFAS 142, the Company no longer amortizes goodwill from business acquisitions.

 

Acquired intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

     As of December 31, 2007
     Gross
Carrying
Amount
   Accumulated
Amortization
   Net
Carrying
Amount

Developed technology (five years)

   $6,886    $(6,855)    $31

Non-compete (four years)

   249    (249)    —  

Licenses (five years)

   637    (608)    29

Patents and trademarks (two to seventeen years)

   1,223    (167)    1,056
              
   $8,995    $(7,879)    $1,116
              

 

     As of December 31, 2006
     Gross
Carrying
Amount
   Accumulated
Amortization
   Net
Carrying
Amount

Developed technology (five years)

   $6,878    $(6,697)    $181

Non-compete (four years)

   230    (204)    26

Licenses (five years)

   637    (554)    83

Patents and trademarks (two to seventeen years)

   925    (131)    794
              
   $8,670    $(7,586)    $1,084
              

 

Aggregate amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 was $0.3 million, $0.8 million, and $1.8 million, respectively.

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

Estimated future aggregate annual amortization expense for intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

 

Year ending December 31,

   Amount

2008

   $ 100

2009

     40

2010

     40

2011

     40

2012

     40

Thereafter

     856
      
   $ 1,116
      

 

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill during the year ended December 31, 2007 was as follows (in thousands):

 

Balance as of December 31, 2006

   $ 12,608

Effect of foreign currency translation

     128
      

Balance as of December 31, 2007

   $ 12,736
      

 

The Company completed its impairment tests of goodwill during the quarters ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, as required under SFAS 142 and no impairment was required. The Company bases its impairment testing on a market capitalization analysis and considers itself to be a single reporting unit for purposes of this test.

 

(7)    Other Assets

 

Other assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

     December 31,
     2007    2006

Insurance deposits

   $ 452    $ 494

Rental deposits

     335      324

Other deposits

     67      99
             
     $854      $917
             

 

(8)    Liability for Product Warranties

 

Changes in the Company’s liability for product warranties, which is included in other accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, were as follows (in thousands):

 

Year

   Balance at
Beginning
of Year
   Warranty
Expense
   Warranty
Costs
    Balance
at End
of Year

2007

   $ 1,656    $ 1,302    $ (1,504 )   $ 1,454

2006

   $ 834    $ 1,836    $ (1,014 )   $ 1,656

2005

   $ 811    $ 839    $ (816 )   $ 834

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

(9)    Short-term Borrowings and Notes Payable

 

As a result of various acquisitions completed prior to 2004, the Company assumed three non-interest bearing notes payable. The aggregate outstanding balance on these notes at December 31, 2007 was $18,000. In addition, the Company obtained a loan from the Italian government in 2001, which bears interest at 2% a year. At December 31, 2007, the outstanding balance on this loan was $589,000, which is to be repaid by semi-annual principal payments over an eight-year period which began in July 2003.

 

Annual amounts to be repaid under all of these notes are as follows (in thousands):

 

Year ending December 31,

   Amount

2008

   $ 183

2009

     169

2010

     171

2011

     84
      
   $ 607
      

 

Short-term borrowings and notes payable are reported on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands):

 

     December 31,
     2007    2006

Short-term borrowings and current portion of notes payable

   $ 183    $ 181

Notes payable, less current portion

     424      528
             

Total short-term borrowing and notes payable

   $ 607    $ 709
             

 

Revolving Credit Agreement

 

On August 13, 2007, the Company entered into a $10 million secured revolving credit arrangement, as well as a letter of credit facility, with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) to improve liquidity and working capital for the Company. The Company may borrow, repay and reborrow under the line of credit facility at any time. The amount that the Company is able to borrow under the revolving credit agreement will vary based on the eligible accounts receivable, as defined in the agreement. The borrowing base on the revolving credit agreement is $5 million plus 80% of eligible accounts receivable. The line of credit facility bears interest at the bank’s prime rate (5.0% at August 31, 2008). This line of credit is collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s assets and requires the Company to comply with customary affirmative and negative covenants principally relating to the use and disposition of assets, tangible net worth and the satisfaction of a quick ratio test. In addition, the credit arrangement contains customary events of default. Upon the occurrence of an uncured event of default, among other things, the bank may declare that all amounts owed under the credit arrangement are due and payable. The line of credit and facility expires on August 13, 2008. As of December 28, 2007, the revolving credit arrangement was amended to reduce the Company’s tangible net worth requirement from $57 million to $50 million. As of December 31, 2007, there were no amounts outstanding under this revolving credit arrangement. See also Note 17 “Subsequent Events.”

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

Letters of Credit

 

As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company had standby letters of credit with a maximum potential future payment of $296,000 and $300,000, respectively. These standby letters of credit secure an equal amount of performance bonds that were issued by financial institutions to our customers.

 

(10)    Leases

 

The Company leases all of its facilities, other than its U.S. headquarters which is owned by the Company, under several operating lease agreements through 2013. Future minimum lease payments, under these agreements, as of December 31, 2007, are as follows (in thousands):

 

Year ending December 31,

   Amount

2008

   $ 1,868

2009

     1,643

2010

     1,168

2011

     473

2012

     79

Thereafter

     26
      
     $5,257
      

 

Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 was approximately $1.8 million, $1.8 million, and $1.3 million, respectively.

 

(11)    Capital Stock

 

The Company’s Board of Directors declared dividends of $0.05 per share in 2005, but no dividends were declared for 2007 and 2006.

 

Shares reserved for future issuance are as follows:

 

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

   702,887

Stock Option Plan

   10,905,145
    
   11,608,032
    

 

(12)    Share-Based Compensation Plans

 

The purpose of the Company’s various share-based compensation plans is to attract, motivate, retain, and reward high-quality employees, directors, and consultants by enabling such persons to acquire or increase their proprietary interest in the Company’s common stock in order to strengthen the mutuality of interests between such persons and its stockholders and to provide such persons with annual and long-term performance incentives to focus their best efforts in the creation of stockholder value. Consequently, share-based compensatory awards issued subsequent to the initial award to the Company’s employees are determined primarily on the basis of individual performance. The Company’s share-based compensation plans with outstanding awards consist of its 1993 Stock Option Plan, its 2000 Stock Plan, and its 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the grant-date fair value of certain employee share-based compensatory awards, which requires the input of subjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Historical volatilities were used in estimating the fair value of the Company’s share-based awards, while the expected life of options was estimated based on historical trends since the Company’s initial public offering. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measurement of estimated fair value of the Company’s share-based compensation expense. Further, as required under SFAS 123R, the Company estimates forfeitures for share-based awards that are not expected to vest. The Company charges the estimated fair value less estimated forfeitures to earnings on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the underlying awards, which is generally four years for its stock option grants and up to two years for its employee stock purchase plan. While the Company’s estimate of fair value and the associated charge to earnings materially affects its results of operations, it has no impact on its cash position.

 

In accordance with SFAS 123R, the Company recognizes tax benefits upon expensing nonqualified stock options and awards but the Company cannot recognize tax benefits concurrent with the recognition of share-based compensation expenses associated with incentive stock options and employee stock purchase plan shares (qualified stock options). For qualified stock options that vested after the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company recognizes tax benefits only in the period when disqualifying dispositions of the underlying stock occur, which may be up to several years after vesting and in a period when the stock price substantially increases. For qualified stock options that vested prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, the tax benefit is recorded directly to additional paid-in capital to the extent the Company is able to reduce taxes payable.

 

On November 10, 2005, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. SFAS 123R-3, Transition Election Related to Accounting for Tax Effects of Share-Based Payment Awards (“FSP 123R-3”). The Company has elected to adopt the alternative transition method provided in FSP 123R-3 for calculating the tax effects of stock-based compensation pursuant to SFAS 123R. The alternative transition method includes simplified methods to establish the beginning balance of the additional paid-in capital pool (“APIC pool”) related to the tax effects of employee stock-based compensation, and to determine the subsequent impact on the APIC pool and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows of the tax effects of employee stock-based compensation awards that were outstanding upon adoption of SFAS 123R. Under SFAS 123R, tax benefits associated with excess tax deductions normally creditable to additional paid-in capital are not recognized until the deduction reduces taxes payable. Accordingly, no tax benefit related to excess tax deductions from qualified stock options was recognized during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006.

 

Share-based compensation expense recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 as a result of the adoption of SFAS 123R were as follows (in thousands):

 

     Years Ended December 31,
           2007                2006      

Cost of sales

   $ 22    $ 56

Research and development

     114      458

Selling and marketing

     144      375

General and administrative

     82      153
             

Total

   $ 362    $ 1,042
             

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

The Company has historically issued new shares upon the exercise of stock options or employee stock purchase plan purchases.

 

Stock Option Plan

 

In April 2000, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the adoption of the 2000 Stock Plan (the “Stock Plan”). The Stock Plan became effective upon the Company’s initial public offering in July 2000. The total number of shares reserved for issuance under the Stock Plan equaled 7,550,000 shares of common stock, plus 5,250,000 shares of common stock that remained reserved for issuance under the Company’s 1993 Stock Option Plan as of the date the Stock Plan became effective, for a total of 12,800,000 shares. In February 2006, the Company’s Board approved a 200,000 share reserve increase for the Stock Plan which increased the total number of shares to 13,000,000. All outstanding options under the 1993 Stock Option Plan are administered under the 2000 Stock Plan but will continue to be governed by their existing terms. As of December 31, 2007, the Company had granted options to purchase 9,846,346 shares of its common stock to its employees, directors, and consultants and options to purchase 4,300,686 shares of common stock were canceled and returned to the Stock Plan, leaving 7,454,340 shares available for future grants.

 

Options may be granted as incentive stock options or nonstatutory stock options at the fair market value of such shares on the date of grant as determined by the Board of Directors. Options granted subsequent to 1996 vest over a four-year period, and expire 10 years from the date of grant, or sooner, upon termination of employment or if the stock plan is terminated by the Board of Directors. Approximately 216,000 and 571,000 shares associated with options granted in prior periods vested in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

 

The options granted under the 1993 Stock Option Plan include a provision whereby the option holder may elect at any time to exercise the option prior to its vesting. Unvested shares so purchased are subject to a repurchase right by the Company at the original purchase price. Such right lapses at a rate equivalent to the vesting period of the original option. As of December 31, 2007, there were no shares issued and subject to repurchase.

 

The following table summarizes stock option activity and weighted-average exercise prices for the year ended December 31, 2007.

 

     Options
Available
for Grant
   Options
Outstanding
    Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
   Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (in years)
   Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
($000)

Balance at December 31, 2006

   7,061,165    3,843,980     $ 3.51      

Granted

   —      —       $ —        

Exercised

   —      —       $ —        

Forfeited

   393,175    (393,175 )   $ 3.70      
                   

Balance at December 31, 2007

   7,454,340    3,450,805     $ 3.48    4.08    $ 357
                   

Exercisable

      3,264,278     $ 3.51    3.91    $ 357
                 

Exercisable and expected to vest

      3,426,370     $ 3.49    4.04    $ 357
                 

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

The aggregate intrinsic value is based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the Pink Sheets on December 31, 2007 of $2.05. Outstanding in the money options represented 1,040,756 shares, all of which were exercisable as of December 31, 2007.

 

The Company has not granted stock options or other share-based awards since August 2005 and option holders have not been permitted to exercise options since December 2005 due to the Company not being current in its SEC filings. Thus, there were no stock options exercised under the Stock Plan or the 1993 Stock Option Plan during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006. As of August 31, 2008, management had committed to present to the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors proposed new-hire grants totaling 326,500 shares at an exercise price to be determined at the date of grant upon the Company becoming current in its filings with the SEC. These anticipated option grants are not included in the above table.

 

Unrecognized compensation expense as of December 31, 2007 was $0.3 million and will be recognized ratably over the expected remaining term of approximately 0.8 years.

 

The following table summarizes cash received and the aggregate intrinsic value for stock options exercised under the Stock Plan during the fiscal years ended December 31 2007, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands):

 

     2007    2006    2005

Cash received

   $—      $—      $270

Aggregate intrinsic value

   $—      $—      $  51

 

Information regarding stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2007 is summarized in the following table:

 

     Options Outstanding    Options Exercisable

Range of
Exercise Prices

   Number
Outstanding
   Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (in Years)
   Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
   Number
Exercisable
   Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price

$1.00-$1.58

   431,300    2.17    $ 1.51    431,300    $ 1.51

1.67-1.76

   225,537    5.12    $ 1.74    225,537    $ 1.74

1.91

   363,419    5.06    $ 1.91    363,419    $ 1.91

1.96-2.57

   508,072    4.58    $ 2.35    451,141    $ 2.33

2.60-3.15

   78,626    5.21    $ 3.00    77,909    $ 3.00

3.20

   430,020    7.09    $ 3.20    309,344    $ 3.20

3.26-3.91

   23,000    6.87    $ 3.43    17,714    $ 3.46

3.98

   541,700    4.04    $ 3.98    541,700    $ 3.98

4.09-4.93

   191,287    5.72    $ 4.11    188,370    $ 4.11

4.94-20.38

   657,844    2.86    $ 6.78    657,844    $ 6.78
                  
   3,450,805       $ 3.48    3,264,278    $ 3.51
                  

 

Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company accounted for stock-based compensation expense in accordance with APB 25 and related interpretations, and had adopted the disclosure-only alternative of SFAS 123 and SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosure. In accordance with APB 25 and related interpretations, stock-based compensation expense was not recorded in connection with share-based

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

payment awards granted with exercise prices equal to or greater than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, unless certain modifications were subsequently made. The Company recorded deferred compensation in connection with stock options granted with exercise prices less than the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. Recorded deferred stock-based compensation was recognized as stock-based compensation expense ratably over the applicable vesting periods, which are generally deemed to be the applicable service periods. Upon the adoption of SFAS 123R effective January 1, 2006, the Company reversed unrecognized deferred stock-based compensation of $8,000 as of December 31, 2005 and reduced additional paid-in capital by the same amount.

 

If compensation expense for the Company’s stock-based compensation plans had been determined in a manner consistent with the fair value approach described in SFAS 123 as amended by SFAS 148, the Company’s net loss and loss per share, as reported, would have been increased to the pro forma amounts indicated below for the year ended December 31, 2005 (in thousands, except per share data):

 

     Amount  

Net loss, as reported

   $ (10,240 )

Add: Stock-based employee compensation expense included in reported net loss, net of related tax effects

     51  

Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair value based method for all awards, net of related tax effects

     (1,698 )
        

Pro forma net loss

   $ (11,887 )
        

Loss per share, as reported:

  

Basic and diluted

   $ (0.20 )
        

Loss per share, pro forma:

  

Basic and diluted

   $ (0.23 )
        

 

The Company made no new grants of stock options or other share-based awards during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007. The Company did extend for two additional years 76 outstanding fully vested option grants representing 295,094 shares in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 that could not be exercised due to the Company not being current in its SEC filings and that would have otherwise expired. These extensions were treated as modifications to the original grants and the incremental fair value associated with these modifications of $0.2 million was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. For the purposes of computing stock-based compensation expense under SFAS 123R for stock options that were modified in 2006 and for purposes of computing pro forma net loss for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 under SFAS 123, the fair value of each option grant or modification was estimated on the date of grant or modification using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The assumptions used to value the option grants were as follows:

 

     2007    2006    2005

Dividend yield

   —      —      2.0%

Expected term

   —      2 Years    5 Years

Risk-free interest rate

   —      4.83%    4.11%

Volatility rate

   —      78%    68%

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

 

The Company’s 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Purchase Plan”) became effective in April 2000. The Purchase Plan allows employees to designate up to 15% of their base compensation, subject to legal restrictions and limitations, to purchase shares of common stock at 85% of the lesser of the fair market value (“FMV”) at the beginning of the offering period or the exercise date. The offering period extends for up to two years and includes four exercise dates occurring at six month intervals. Under the terms of the plan, if the FMV at an exercise date is less than the FMV at the beginning of the offering period, the current offering period will terminate and a new offering period of up to two years will commence.

 

In February 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a 300,000 share reserve increase for the Purchase Plan pursuant to the automatic adjustment provisions of the Purchase Plan. As of December 31, 2006, 2,350,000 shares of common stock had been reserved for issuance under the Purchase Plan with 1,647,113 shares issued, leaving 702,887 shares remaining for future issuance. During 2007 and 2006, no shares were issued under the Purchase Plan. During 2005, the Company issued 480,432 shares under the Purchase Plan.

 

No purchases have been permitted under the Purchase Plan subsequent to November 10, 2005 due to restrictions on the Company’s ability to issue stock as a result of not being current in its SEC filings. Thus, there were no purchases under the Purchase Plan during 2007 and 2006 and employee contributions were terminated during the quarter ended June 30, 2006. The termination of future contributions and extension of the purchase date were treated as modifications to the two year offering period which began May 10, 2005. The fair value associated with these modifications was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

 

The assumptions used to value the Purchase Plan are as described in the table below:

 

          2007              2006             2005    

Dividend yield

   —      —      2.0%

Expected term

   —      1 Year    1.25 Years

Risk-free interest rate

   —      5.01%    4.11%

Volatility rate

   —      82%    68%

 

The following table summarizes cash received and the aggregate intrinsic value for purchases under the Purchase Plan during the fiscal years ended December 31 2007, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands):

 

     2007    2006    2005

Cash received

   $ —      $ —      $ 711

Aggregate intrinsic value

   $ —      $ —      $ 289

 

(13)    401(k) Plan

 

In 1996, the Company adopted a 401(k) Plan (the “Plan”). Participation in the Plan is available to all full-time employees. Each participant may elect to contribute up to 15% of his or her annual salary, but not to exceed the statutory limit as prescribed by the Internal Revenue Code. The Company may make discretionary contributions to the Plan, which vests over a six-year period beginning on the employee’s date of hire. The Plan does not provide participants with an election to use their contributions to purchase the Company’s stock. The Company made contributions to the Plan of $0.6 million during 2007 but made no contributions to the Plan during 2006 or 2005.

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

(14)    Income Taxes

 

Income (loss) before income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

U.S.

   $ (10,914 )   $ (106 )   $ (6,755 )

Foreign

     (822 )     2,314       (2,292 )
                        

Total

   $ (11,736 )   $ 2,208     $ (9,047 )
                        

 

The provision for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):

 

     Years Ended December 31,
     2007     2006     2005

Current expense:

      

Federal

   $ —       $ 173     $ —  

State

     —         17       —  

Foreign

     517       1,663       551
                      
     517       1,853       551
                      

Deferred expense (benefit):

      

Federal

     378       249       222

State

     60       20       42

Foreign

     (135 )     (428 )     378
                      
     303       (159 )     642
                      
   $ 820     $ 1,694     $ 1,193
                      

 

Income tax expense differed from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 34% for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 to pretax income (loss), as a result of the following (in thousands):

 

     Years Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Computed tax

   $ (3,990 )   $ 750     $ (3,076 )

State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit

     60       25       28  

Nondeductible goodwill amortization

     —         —         104  

Nondeductible meals and entertainment

     66       52       42  

Losses and other items not benefited

     4,044       847       3,956  

Foreign tax rate differential

     609       (379 )     355  

Other, net

     31       399       (216 )
                        
   $ 820     $ 1,694     $ 1,193  
                        

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

The types of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are set out below (in thousands):

 

     December 31,  
     2007     2006  

Deferred tax assets:

    

Inventory reserves and additional costs capitalized

   $ 1,599     $ 1,162  

Accrued compensation and vacation

     1,119       930  

Allowance for doubtful accounts

     61       162  

Other accruals and reserves

     3,228       3,620  

Net operating losses

     6,812       2,994  

Tax credits

     2,760       2,678  

Amortization of intangible assets

     4,560       4,834  
                

Total deferred tax assets

     20,139       16,380  

Valuation allowance

     (18,381 )     (13,728 )
                

Available deferred tax assets

     1,758       2,652  
                

Deferred tax liabilities:

    

Property and equipment depreciation

     (169 )     (813 )

State deferred tax liabilities, net of federal benefit

     (951 )     (782 )

Goodwill amortization

     (1,762 )     (1,337 )

Foreign deferred taxes

     —         (542 )
                

Total deferred tax liabilities

     (2,882 )     (3,474 )
                

Net deferred tax liabilities

   $ (1,124 )   $ (822 )
                

 

Net deferred tax liabilities are reported on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as follows (in thousands):

 

     December 31,  
     2007     2006  

Current deferred tax assets

   $ 982     $ 417  

Long-term deferred tax liabilities

     (2,106 )     (1,239 )
                

Net deferred tax liabilities

   $ (1,124 )   $ (822 )
                

 

During 2007 and 2006, the Company recorded a valuation allowance against all of the Company’s net deferred tax assets in the United States and certain of the foreign jurisdictions in the amount of $18.4 million and $13.7 million, respectively. The expense for recording the valuation allowance is a non-cash item, and the recording of this expense does not imply that the Company owes additional income taxes.

 

As of December 31, 2007, deferred tax assets of approximately $177,000 consisting of certain net operating losses resulting from the exercise of employee stock options had not been recognized in the financial statements. When utilized, the tax benefit of these losses will be accounted for as a credit to additional paid-in capital.

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

The Company determined the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 109 which requires that the Company weigh both positive and negative evidence in order to ascertain whether it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and for the future tax consequences attributable to operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent on the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the related temporary differences become deductible. The Company evaluated all significant available positive and negative evidence, including the existence of cumulative net losses in recent periods, benefits that could be realized from available tax strategies, and forecasts of future taxable income, in determining the need for a valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets. Cumulative net losses in recent periods represented sufficient negative evidence that was difficult for positive evidence to overcome under the evaluation guidance of SFAS 109 and, accordingly, a valuation allowance was recorded against all of the Company’s net deferred tax assets in the United States and certain of the foreign jurisdictions. The Company intends to maintain this valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence, such as the resumption of a consistent earnings pattern, exists to support its reversal in accordance with SFAS 109. The Company has recorded deferred tax assets in certain foreign jurisdictions based on a history of profitability in these foreign jurisdictions.

 

As of December 31, 2007, the Company had net operating losses for federal and state income tax purposes of approximately $16.3 million and $24.3 million, respectively, that it expects to carry forward to reduce future income subject to income taxes. The federal net operating loss will begin to expire, if not used, in 2023 and the state net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2013.

 

As of December 31, 2007, unused research and development tax credits of approximately $527,000 and $562,000 were available to reduce future federal and California income taxes, respectively. The federal research credit carryforward will begin to expire in 2022, and the state development credits will carry forward indefinitely.

 

Utilization of the Company’s operating loss and tax credit carryforwards may be subject to substantial annual limitations due to ownership change limitations provided by the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. Any such annual limitation could result in the expiration of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards before utilization.

 

Cumulative undistributed earnings of the Company’s international subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 are intended to be permanently reinvested. A deferred income tax liability would have resulted had such earnings been repatriated, which would have been absorbed by a corresponding reversal in valuation allowance.

 

Effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted the provisions of FIN 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109. FIN 48 contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 109. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. In connection with the Company’s adoption of FIN 48, there was no cumulative effect adjustment necessary to the December 31, 2006 balance of retained earnings. Upon adoption, the income tax liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions at January 1, 2007 was $1,224,000, which would affect the tax rate upon realization. The Company has unrecognized tax benefits related to its deferred tax assets that have not yet been recognized due to the full valuation allowance recorded for these assets as of December 31, 2007 and 2006.

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

Historically, the Company classified the liability for net unrecognized tax benefits in current income taxes payable. As a result of the adoption of FIN 48, the Company reclassified the income tax liability for unrecognized tax benefits, as well as related potential interest, from current income taxes payable to long-term income taxes payable because payment is not anticipated within one year of the balance sheet date. The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2007 relate to various domestic and foreign jurisdictions.

 

As of January 1, 2007, the Company had total gross unrecognized tax benefits of $3.3 million, the recognition of which would have an effect of $1.2 million on the effective tax rate. Approximately $2.1 million of unrecognized tax benefits could be subject to a valuation allowance if and when recognized in a future period, which could impact the timing of any related effective tax benefit. The activity for the amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the year ended December 31, 2007 is as follows (in thousands):

 

     Amount

Balance at January 1, 2007

   $ 3,277

Increases related to current year tax positions

     608

Increases related to prior year tax positions

     —  

Expiration of the statute of limitations for the assessment of taxes

     —  
      

Balance at December 31, 2007

   $ 3,885
      

 

During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company increased the income tax liabilities for the unrecognized tax benefits, not including interest and penalties, from $3.3 million at adoption to $3.9 million as of December 31, 2007. The Company records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense and income taxes payable. At January 1, 2007, the Company had approximately $101,000 accrued for estimated interest. No estimated penalties have been accrued. The Company accrued an additional $64,000 of interest during the year ended December 31, 2007. As of December 31, 2007, the amount of long-term income taxes payable for unrecognized tax benefits, including accrued interest, was $1.7 million. The Company does not anticipate any significant changes to its unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months.

 

The Company files U.S. federal, U.S. state and foreign tax returns. The Company’s major tax jurisdictions are the U.S., California, Canada, Italy, and Taiwan. The Company’s 2003 through 2007 fiscal years remain subject to examination by the IRS for U.S. federal tax purposes, 2002 through 2007 fiscal years remain subject to examination by the California Franchise Tax Board, 2003 through 2007 remain subject to examination for Canada tax purposes, 2002 through 2007 remain subject to examination for Italy tax purposes and 2005 through 2007 remain subject to examination for Taiwan tax purposes.

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

(15)    Segment Information

 

Net sales information regarding operations in the different geographic regions in which the Company does business is as follows (in thousands):

 

     Years Ended December 31,
     2007    2006    2005

United States

   $ 40,351    $ 52,433    $ 35,195

Canada

     2,609      1,340      1,797

Asia/Pacific

     17,353      18,313      13,071

Europe/Africa/Middle East

     29,517      24,540      16,440

Latin America

     3,561      3,254      2,011
                    
     $93,391      $99,880      $68,514
                    

 

Long-lived assets, excluding financial instruments, deferred tax assets, and intangible assets, were located in the following geographic regions (in thousands):

 

     As of December 31,
     2007    2006

United States

   $ 21,979    $ 22,451

Canada

     1,163      1,523

Taiwan and other Asia/Pacific

     2,735      2,659

Europe/Africa/Middle East

     1,334      1,431
             
     $27,211      $28,064
             

 

Net sales information by product category is as follows (in thousands):

 

     Years Ended December 31,
     2007    2006    2005

Wireline access

   $ 33,226    $ 35,618    $ 22,778

Cable broadband

     27,732      31,306      20,704

Fiber optics

     25,227      24,969      19,285

Signaling

     7,206      7,987      5,747
                    
     $93,391      $99,880      $68,514
                    

 

(16)    Legal Proceedings and Contingencies

 

Cash Payments for Expired Employee Stock Options

 

Certain current and former employees have expired unexercised stock options that, but for the Company’s inability to issue stock, may have realized gains from the exercise of those options. During the second quarter of 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan to offer cash compensation to those affected current and former employees provided that they execute and return a limited release of potential claims. The proposed compensation being offered represents the difference between (i) the average closing price of the Company’s common stock during the applicable period (further defined below) and (ii) the exercise price of the option (assuming the option was “in-the-money”), multiplied by the number of shares that were vested under the option at the beginning of the

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

applicable period. If an option expired 30 days after termination of employment, the applicable period is the 30 days following termination of employment. If an option expired 90 days after termination of employment, the applicable period is the 90 days following termination of employment. If an option expired during employment because of its ten-year term, the applicable period is the 30 days prior to the expiration of the option. The Company estimates that the aggregate cost of resolving this matter with its option holders is approximately $0.3 million, which was expensed in the second quarter of 2008.

 

Stockholder Litigation

 

On December 13, 2006, a stockholder derivative lawsuit was filed in the Superior Court of the State of California on behalf of Chris Stovall, a purported stockholder of the Company, against certain of the Company’s current and former officers, directors, and employees and naming the Company as a nominal defendant. The complaint asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty, waste, unjust enrichment and other statutory claims arising out of the Company’s stock option grant practices, which plaintiff claims included the “backdating” of stock option grants. The court has granted three times the Company’s motions to dismiss the claims based on the insufficiency of the complaint. The Company had disclosed an internal review of such practices in November 2006 and described the results of that review in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005, filed on November 2, 2007.

 

On November 21, 2007, Mr. Stovall filed a second amended complaint alleging similar legal claims arising primarily out of the Company’s historic stock option grant practices as described in the Company’s 2005 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005. The second amended complaint seeks monetary damages from the individual defendants, restitution, disgorgement of profits, attorneys’ fees, and various corporate governance reforms.

 

In February 2008, the parties attempted to resolve the litigation through mediation, but were unsuccessful.

 

In May 2008, the court granted the Company’s motion to dismiss the plaintiff’s claims for a third time based on the insufficiency of the complaint, but left the plaintiff with the ability to futher amend the complaint.

 

In June 2008, Stovall filed a third amended complaint alleging similar legal claims arising primarily out of the historic stock option grant practices of the Company, including prior to the Company’s initial public offering.

 

In August 2008, the court denied the Company’s motion to dismiss the plaintiff’s claims against it and the individual defendants, but did not rule on the individual defendants’ motion to dismiss the plaintiff’s claims.

 

The Company intends to continue to assert all available defenses. The parties may continue with their mediation efforts in the future. The outcome of this litigation is uncertain and should the Company experience an unfavorable ruling, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on its financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the period in which the ruling occurs. No amount was accrued for this contingency as of December 31, 2007, as a loss is not considered probable or estimable.

 

Litigation Against VeEx, Inc.

 

On January 22, 2007, the Company filed a complaint in the Superior Court of the State of California against VeEx Inc. (the “VeEx Action”) and certain of its former employees, including its former Chief Executive Officer, Paul Ker-Chin Chang. The VeEx Action alleged misappropriation of trade secrets, conversion, breach of good faith and fair dealing, intentional interference with contractual relationships, intentional interference with prospective economic advantage, and violation of Section 502(c) of the California Penal Code by the defendants.

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

On March 2, 2007, VeEx filed a cross-complaint against the Company alleging intentional interference with prospective economic advantage and unfair competition under California Business and Professions Code Section 17200.

 

On September 27, 2007, the Company reached a settlement with VeEx which terminated all outstanding litigation. The settlement did not have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

B.T.T. Communications Technologies Ltd.

 

On February 14, 2007, B.T.T. Communications Technologies Ltd. (“BTT”) filed a lawsuit against the Company and RDT Equipment and Systems (1993) Ltd. (“RDT”) in Tel-Aviv Jaffa District Court in Israel. BTT alleged that the Company unlawfully terminated that certain Distribution Agreement by and between the Company and BTT dated December 1, 2000. BTT further alleged that the Company misappropriated BTT’s proprietary and quasi-proprietary rights with respect to certain trade secrets including, but not limited to, customer lists, projects and certain rights of distribution. BTT sought injunctive relief to prohibit the Company from distributing products in Israel through another distributor, namely RDT.

 

On December 31, 2007, the Company reached a settlement with BTT which terminated all outstanding litigation between the parties. The settlement did not have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

Gain from Legal Settlement

 

The Company was engaged in litigation beginning March 31, 2004 and continuing through August 30, 2005 with Acterna, LLC (“Acterna”) involving claims of patent infringement by Acterna against the Company. Acterna was subsequently acquired by JDS Uniphase Corporation (“JDSU”). During the course of this litigation, the Company subsequently alleged that Acterna violated certain of its patents.

 

On August 30, 2005, the Company entered into a Confidential Settlement agreement with Acterna and JDSU pursuant to which all of the outstanding litigation was terminated and the parties entered into mutual covenants not to initiate new patent litigation between the Company and Acterna or JDSU for a specified period of time. As part of this agreement, the Company realized a gain from legal settlement of $1.5 million in the third quarter of 2005.

 

Other Legal Contingencies

 

In June 2008, one of the Company’s suppliers asserted that the Company may have under reported and under paid royalties after conducting a license compliance review. The Company has reviewed the relevant license agreements and disputes the supplier’s claims. Discussions between the parties to reach a mutually agreeable resolution are ongoing. However, the outcome of these discussions is uncertain as the various license agreements between the parties could be subject to different interpretation. No amount has been accrued for this contingency as of December 31, 2007 as a loss is not considered probable or estimable.

 

From time to time, the Company may be involved in litigation or other legal proceedings relating to claims arising out of its day-to-day operations or otherwise. Litigation is inherently uncertain, and the Company could experience unfavorable rulings. Should the Company experience an unfavorable ruling, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on its financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or on its business for the period in which the ruling occurs and/or future periods.

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—(Continued)

 

(17)    Subsequent Events

 

Revolving Credit Arrangement

 

On August 12, 2008, the Company amended its secured revolving credit arrangement with SVB, which was scheduled to expire on August 13, 2008, to extend the term of all indebtedness to August 12, 2009. The amendment also reduced the required Quick Ratio Covenant to 0.80:1.00 (from 1:1) and the required minimum Tangible Net Worth Covenant to $44 million for the fiscal quarters ending September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2008 and to $40 million for the fiscal quarters ending March 31, 2009 and June 30, 2009 (from $50 million for all such periods). In addition, SVB also gave a limited waiver of existing default to the Company due to the Company’s Tangible Net Worth being less than $50 million as of the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2008. As of August 31, 2008, $3.0 million is outstanding under this revolving credit arrangement.

 

Restructuring

 

On February 6, 2008, the Company announced a restructuring plan intended to reduce costs and improve operating efficiencies. The plan included a reduction in the Company’s worldwide workforce, across all functional areas, and the closing of certain international offices. The restructuring charge was approximately $1.4 million and includes employee severance and benefit costs, costs related to leased facilities to be abandoned or subleased, and impairment of owned equipment that will be disposed and was recorded in the first quarter of fiscal 2008.

 

On May 1, 2008, the Company also announced plans to restructure its operations to more closely align them with its key strategic focus and more effectively target the residential triple play market, enhanced business services and the converging core network. The Company announced that it would consolidate its broadband, wireline and fiber optics operations. As a result of combining its business units and operations, the Company is likely to reduce or eliminate investment in some or all of them, reduce or eliminate product lines, reduce or eliminate its sales presence in certain geographic areas, possibly reduce its revenues. As a part of a reduction in workforce associated with its restructuring and streamlining efforts, the Company released from service its Chief Operating Officer, Gerhard Beenen, effective June 30, 2008. The restructuring charge is estimated to be approximately $0.3 million and includes primarily employee severance and benefits costs.

 

(18)    Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited) (in thousands, except per share data)

 

     Mar. 31
2007
    June 30,
2007
    Sept. 30,
2007
    Dec. 31,
2007
    Mar. 31
2006
    June 30,
2006
    Sept. 30,
2006
   Dec. 31,
2006

Net sales

   $ 20,140     $ 23,047     $ 22,934     $ 27,270     $ 16,389     $ 21,978     $ 24,843    $ 36,670

Gross profit

   $ 13,442     $ 13,484     $ 14,298     $ 16,149     $ 10,327     $ 14,936     $ 16,409    $ 23,704

Income (loss) from
operations

   $ (5,112 )   $ (3,206 )   $ (3,351 )   $ (2,110 )   $ (5,114 )   $ (747 )   $ 895    $ 5,000

Net income (loss)

   $ (4,869 )   $ (2,586 )   $ (2,917 )   $ (2,184 )   $ (5,182 )   $ 70     $ 1,058    $ 4,568

Net income (loss) per share:

                 

Basic and diluted

   $ (0.09 )   $ (0.05 )   $ (0.06 )   $ (0.04 )   $ (0.10 )   $ 0.00     $ 0.02    $ 0.09

Shares used in per share computation:

                 

Basic

     51,349       51,349       51,349       51,349       51,349       51,349       51,349      51,349

Diluted

     51,349       51,349       51,349       51,349       51,349       51,607       51,486      51,569

 

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ITEM 9.    CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

 

None.

 

ITEM 9A.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 

EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as of December 31, 2007. We determined that, as a result of the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting described below, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submitted under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms. Notwithstanding the material weakness discussed below, our management, based upon the substantial work performed during the preparation of this report, has concluded that information we are required to disclose in this Form 10-K under the Exchange Act was accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow decisions regarding required disclosures.

 

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

 

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 using the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

 

A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. As a result of the material weakness described below, management concluded that the Company did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO.

 

Controls at division level

 

During the course of our external audits for fiscal 2005, 2006 and 2007, our external auditors identified several adjustments associated with one of our operating divisions. In addition, revenue classification errors associated with this division caused a material error in the financial results for the first quarter of 2007 provided in our first quarter 2007 earnings release. We believe these errors were the result of various control weaknesses, including inadequate controls over staffing requirements and policies regarding timely replacement of financial personnel. We consider these control deficiencies to be significant and in aggregate led to a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007.

 

We took the following actions during 2007 to improve our internal controls at this division:

 

   

We hired an experienced senior financial manager with an appropriate professional accounting certification as division controller.

 

   

We filled all open positions in the division’s finance organization with personnel with adequate competence to ensure compliance with finance policies and procedures.

 

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We refined the job requirements for the division’s finance staff to emphasize familiarity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 

   

We require division finance staff to notify corporate finance staff of any leaves of absence or job vacancies that might impact the accuracy and timeliness of financial reporting.

 

   

We hired corporate finance staff to perform site reviews of finance staff at our various locations to review local financial reporting, evaluate the effectiveness of the local internal control systems and staff performance, and initiate prompt corrective action.

 

Subsequent to December 31, 2007, we instituted additional internal control policies and procedures intended to ultimately remediate the material weakness. Specifically, management is in the process of consolidating financial and administrative functions of the division with corporate level controls at the Company’s corporate headquarters to provide improved oversight of financial reporting.

 

CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

 

Controls over tax provision calculation

 

During the course of preparing our 2006 income tax provision, we identified incomplete information in the supporting schedules for deferred tax assets and liabilities that revealed an error in the calculation of our tax provision for 2004. This represented a material error in our previously reported financial results for 2004 which continued through December 31, 2005. This error was corrected in the restatement of our consolidated financial statements presented in our 2005 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

When we adopted SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (“SFAS 142”), on January 1, 2002, we failed to create proper documentation detailing the impact of SFAS 142 on deferred tax liabilities. This failure to properly document the impact of the adoption of SFAS 142 had no financial statement impact until 2004. In March 2004, as a result of employee turnover combined with this lack of appropriate documentation, we failed to recognize the impact the adoption of SFAS 142 would have on the Company’s income tax provision once a full valuation allowance was recorded against the net deferred tax assets, as was required under SFAS 109 due to the uncertainty of the realization of such assets. Consequently, we improperly offset the indeterminate-lived deferred tax liability associated with goodwill against definite-lived deferred tax assets.

 

In accordance with SFAS 142, we ceased amortizing goodwill from business acquisitions for financial reporting purposes. Goodwill continues to be amortized for income tax reporting, creating a temporary book to tax difference. SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, requires that we recognize a deferred tax liability for this temporary book to tax difference. The temporary difference created by amortization of goodwill is classified as a long-term deferred tax liability as the timing of any ultimate recognition of expense from the impairment or disposal of these assets is indeterminate.

 

In addition, the ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent on the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the related temporary differences become deductible. In the first quarter of 2004, a valuation allowance was recorded against all of our net deferred tax assets in most jurisdictions, the realization of these deferred tax assets was uncertain due to our recent operating losses. At the time this valuation allowance was recorded, we improperly offset the deferred tax liability associated with the temporary difference in the amortization of goodwill against other deferred tax assets and as a result, understated our valuation allowance. We concluded that this constituted a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006.

 

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We took the following actions during 2006 which helped us identify this material weakness:

 

   

We retained outside tax consultants to assist with the analysis and preparation of all tax related entries.

 

   

We retained a new Director of Taxation.

 

In addition, in the fourth quarter of 2007, we took the following actions to remediate this material weakness:

 

   

We created appropriate schedules detailing book to tax differences relating to goodwill and the associated tax impact have been created and are utilized in calculating the tax provision.

 

   

We analyze all deferred tax items no less than once each quarter in connection with the preparation of our tax provision.

 

There were no other changes in internal control over financial reporting during the last fiscal quarter of 2007 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

INHERENT LIMITATIONS ON INTERNAL CONTROL

 

A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple errors or mistakes. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

 

ITEM 9B.    OTHER INFORMATION

 

None.

 

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Part III.

 

ITEM 10.    DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

 

Set forth below are the names, ages and positions of each of our directors and executive officers, as of August 1, 2008:

 

Name

   Age   

Position

Patrick Peng-Koon Ang

   48    Director

Henry P. Huff

   64    Chairman of the Board

Robert C. Pfeiffer

   45    Vice Chairman

Jennifer J. Walt

   52    Director

Paul A. Marshall

   50    Director, Chief Executive Officer, President

Richard D. Kent

   52    Chief Financial Officer

Robert Heintz

   51    Vice President—Worldwide Sales and Marketing

Kirk O. Williams

   39    Chief Legal and Compliance Officer, Secretary

 

The following are brief biographies of each of our current directors and executive officers. There are no family relationships among our directors and executive officers.

 

•     Patrick Peng-Koon Ang

Mr. Ang has served as one of our directors of Sunrise Telecom since March 2000. Mr. Ang has served as the Chair of the Corporate Governance/Nominating Committee since February 2006 and also serves as a member of the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee. Since November 1, 2007, Mr. Ang has served as Vice President—Marketing of UniRAM Technology, Inc., developer of high performance memory solutions. From July 2006 to November 2007, Mr. Ang managed his personal investments. Mr. Ang served as the Chief Executive Officer of PicoNetics, Inc., a developer of low power IC technology, from January 2005 to July 2006. Mr. Ang served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of ESS Technology, Inc., a developer of highly integrated, mixed-signal semiconductor, hardware, software and system solutions from December 2001 to October 2004. Mr. Ang holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the National University of Singapore.

 

•     Henry P. Huff

Mr. Huff has served as one of our directors of Sunrise Telecom since March 2000 and has served as the Chairman of the Audit Committee since that time. Mr. Huff has served as Chairman of the Board since February 2006. Mr. Huff also serves as a member of the Compensation Committee and the Corporate Governance/Nominating Committee. Since May 2000, Mr. Huff has served as the part-time Chief Financial

 

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Officer of Cambrian Ventures, a venture capital fund. Mr. Huff was Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer of NorthPoint Communications Group Inc., a provider of DSL service from June 1998 until his retirement in May 2000. Mr. Huff holds a B.S. in Business Administration from the University of California at Berkeley and is a Certified Public Accountant in the State of California.

 

•     Robert C. Pfeiffer

Mr. Pfeiffer co-founded Sunrise Telecom in October 1991 and has served as one of our directors since that time. Mr. Pfeiffer has also served as the Vice-Chairman of the Board since February 2006. Mr. Pfeiffer served as interim Vice President of Engineering from April 2006 to November 2006, as Vice President of Engineering from October 1991 to December 1999 and as our Chief Technology Officer from December 1999 until March 2001. Mr. Pfeiffer served as our Secretary from October 1991 to July 2000. Mr. Pfeiffer holds an M.B.A. and a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Santa Clara University.

 

•     Jennifer J. Walt

Ms. Walt has served as one of our directors of Sunrise Telecom and as the Chair of its Compensation Committee since March 2000. Ms. Walt serves as the Chair of the Compliance Subcommittee of the Audit Committee and as a member of the Audit Committee and the Corporate Governance/Nominating Committee. Ms. Walt has been an attorney with the law firm of Littler Mendelson, P.C. since 1983 and is a shareholder of that firm. Ms. Walt holds a J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of the Law and a B.A. in History from Stanford University.

 

•     Paul A. Marshall

Mr. Marshall co-founded Sunrise Telecom in October 1991 and has served as Chief Executive Officer since February 2006. Mr. Marshall served as Chief Operating Officer from December 1999 to February 2006, as Vice President of Marketing from March 1992 to February 2006, and as one of our directors since October 1991. Mr. Marshall also served as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer of Sunrise from March 1992 until December 1999 and Acting Chief Financial Officer from October 2002 to February 2005. Mr. Marshall holds an M.B.A. from the Harvard Business School and a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of California at Davis.

 

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•     Richard D. Kent

Mr. Kent joined Sunrise Telecom as Chief Financial Officer in February 2005. Mr. Kent was Vice-President of Finance from February 2003 to January 2005 at Natural Selection Foods, LLC, a producer of organic fruits and vegetables. Prior to his employment with Natural Selection Foods, he was Managing Director from June 2002 to February 2003 at RAMP Partners, an accounting and financial management firm. Mr. Kent served as Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer and Corporate Secretary from January 1997 to January 2002 at Cidco Incorporated, a publicly-traded producer of telecommunications products and personal Internet communications products and services. Mr. Kent holds a B.S. in Business Administration with an emphasis in Finance and Accounting from the University of California at Berkeley. Mr. Kent is a Certified Public Accountant and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.

 

•     Robert G. Heintz

Mr. Heintz joined Sunrise Telecom as Vice President—North American Sales and served in that capacity from June 2004 through August 2006, at which time he was appointed Vice President of Worldwide Sales and Marketing. Prior to joining Sunrise Telecom, Mr. Heintz was a founder and Chairman of Axcelerant, a managed security services provider, which he founded in January 2001, and sold to GRIC Communications in December 2003. Mr. Heintz holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University.

 

•     Kirk O. Williams

Mr. Williams joined Sunrise Telecom in December 2002 and has served as its Chief Legal and Compliance Officer, Secretary since February 2007. Mr. Williams served as the Company’s Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary from December 2004 to February 2007, and as General Counsel and Secretary from January 2003 to December 2004. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Williams served in positions of increasing responsibility in the Legal Department of Exodus Communications, Inc., an internet hosting company, from October 1999 through March 2002, with his final position being Vice President, Legal and Corporate Affairs, and Assistant General Counsel. Mr. Williams holds a JD from New York University School of Law and a dual B.A. in Economics and Political Science from Stanford University.

 

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For a description of material proceedings to which our directors or officers are a party, see Part I, Item 3, “Legal Proceedings.”

 

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

 

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act requires our officers and directors and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of a registered class of our equity securities to file certain reports regarding their ownership of, and transactions in, our securities with the SEC. Such officers, directors and 10% stockholders are also required by SEC rules to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms that they file.

 

Based solely on our review of such forms furnished to us and written representations from certain reporting persons, we believe that all filing requirements applicable to our executive officers, directors and more than 10% stockholders were complied with during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007.

 

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

 

In May 2003, the Company’s Corporate Governance/Nominating Committee and our Board adopted our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our employees, officers, directors, and independent contractors (including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, controller, and senior financial officers). On August 12, 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a revised Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for the Company. The revisions included changes dealing with specific regulatory areas, such as export and import matters, immigration, government contracts, political contributions, and technical and administrative updating. Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is posted on our website and can be accessed electronically at http://www.sunrisetelecom.com/ig/sunrise_code_business_conduct_ethics.pdf. We will post amendments to or waivers from a provision of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics on our website at http://www.sunrisetelecom.com/ig/amendments_and_waivers.shtml under Investors/Governance—Corporate Governance—“Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Amendments and Waivers.” Stockholders may request free printed copies of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics from: Sunrise Telecom Incorporated, Attn: Investor Relations, 302 Enzo Drive, San Jose, California 95138.

 

Stockholder Director Nominations

 

The Corporate Governance/Nominating Committee will consider director candidates properly submitted by stockholders in accordance with the procedures set forth in our Bylaws. During 2007, we did not make any material changes to the procedures by which our stockholders may recommend nominees to our Board of Directors.

 

Audit Committee and Audit Committee Financial Expert

 

The Audit Committee is currently composed of Messrs. Huff and Ang and Ms. Walt. Mr. Huff serves as the Chairman of the Audit Committee. Our Board has determined that all members of the Audit Committee are “independent” as required by the applicable listing standards of the NASDAQ Stock Market. In addition, the Board has determined that Mr. Huff qualifies as the Company’s audit committee financial expert as defined in the rules of the SEC.

 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETINGS AND COMMITTEES

 

Board of Directors

 

The Board is currently composed of five members: Messrs. Ang, Huff, Marshall, and Pfeiffer and Ms. Walt. Mr. Huff serves as Chairman of the Board and Mr. Pfeiffer serves as Vice Chairman of the Board. During 2007, the composition of the Board was the same and Messrs. Huff and Pfeiffer served as Chairman and Vice Chairman, respectively.

 

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The Board held eleven meetings during fiscal year 2007, four of which were regularly scheduled meetings and seven of which were special meetings. Each Director attended at least 75% of the aggregate of all of our Board meetings and committee meetings on which such Director served during fiscal year 2007 and was eligible to attend.

 

The Board has an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee, and a Corporate Governance/Nominating Committee. Each committee operates under a charter that has been approved by the Board. Copies of the charters are posted in the Investor/Governance section of our website at www.sunrisetelecom.com.

 

Audit Committee

 

The Audit Committee is currently composed of Messrs. Huff and Ang and Ms. Walt. Mr. Huff serves as the Chairman of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee held seven meetings during fiscal year 2007, four of which were regularly scheduled meetings and three of which were special meetings.

 

The responsibilities of the Audit Committee include:

 

   

Reviewing Sunrise Telecom’s audit and related services at least annually;

 

   

Appointing, determining funding for and overseeing Sunrise Telecom’s auditors and ensuring their independence, including pre-approving all audit services and permissible non-audit services provided by the auditors;

 

   

Reviewing Sunrise Telecom’s annual and interim financial statements;

 

   

Reviewing and actively discussing with Sunrise Telecom’s auditors the results of the annual audit of Sunrise Telecom’s financial statements and all significant issues, transactions and changes;

 

   

Reviewing and actively discussing with Sunrise Telecom’s auditors the results of the SAS 100 quarterly reviews of Sunrise Telecom’s condensed consolidated financial statements and all significant issues, transactions and changes;

 

   

Overseeing the adequacy of Sunrise Telecom’s system of internal accounting controls, including obtaining from the auditors management letters or summaries on such internal accounting controls;

 

   

Reviewing and establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by Sunrise Telecom regarding accounting, internal controls or any auditing matters; and

 

   

Overseeing Sunrise Telecom’s finance function and compliance with SEC requirements, and reviewing the status of any legal matters that could have a significant impact on Sunrise Telecom’s financial statements.

 

Compliance Subcommittee of the Audit Committee

 

The Compliance Subcommittee of the Audit Committee is currently composed of one member, Ms. Walt, who serves as its Chair. The Subcommittee did not hold any formal meetings during fiscal year 2007. However, the Subcommittee worked closely with management on its compliance initiatives.

 

Compensation Committee

 

The Compensation Committee is currently composed of Ms. Walt and Messrs. Huff and Ang. Ms. Walt serves as Chairwoman of the Compensation Committee. During 2007, the Compensation Committee held eight meetings, of which four were regularly scheduled meetings and four were special meetings.

 

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The responsibilities of the Compensation Committee include:

 

   

Establishing and reviewing Sunrise Telecom’s general compensation policies and compensation levels applicable to Sunrise Telecom’s Chief Executive Officer and President, and other executive officers;

 

   

Establishing and reviewing Sunrise Telecom’s general compensation policies applicable to all Sunrise Telecom employees;

 

   

Reviewing and advising the Board concerning the performance of Sunrise Telecom’s Chief Executive Officer and President, and other executive officers; and

 

   

Overseeing the administration of the stock compensation plans that Sunrise Telecom may adopt from time to time, including the determination of employees and other parties who are to receive grants of stock or stock options, and the terms of such grants or options.

 

Corporate Governance/Nominating Committee

 

The Corporate Governance/Nominating Committee is currently composed of Messrs. Huff and Ang and Ms. Walt. Mr. Ang serves as the Chairman of the Corporate Governance/Nominating Committee. The Corporate Governance/Nominating Committee held five meetings during fiscal year 2007, of which four were regularly scheduled meetings and one was a special meeting.

 

The responsibilities of the Corporate Governance/Nominating Committee include:

 

   

Evaluating periodically and recommending to the Board any changes in the size and composition of the Board;

 

   

Reviewing and evaluating director nominees to the Board, including incumbent directors;

 

   

Evaluating the performance and operations of the Board and the performance of the individual directors;

 

   

Evaluating the performance, operations, composition, authority and charter of each of the Board committees and the performance of the individual committee members; and

 

   

Reviewing and recommending to the Board any changes in corporate governance policy, including any changes suggested or recommended by our stockholders.

 

The Corporate Governance/Nominating Committee recommends nominees for election to the Board of Directors. In evaluating director nominees, the Corporate Governance/Nominating Committee considers the following factors:

 

   

The appropriate size of the Board of Directors;

 

   

The changing needs of Sunrise Telecom;

 

   

The character and integrity of the candidate;

 

   

The candidate’s knowledge of Sunrise Telecom and its industry;

 

   

The candidate’s desire to represent the best interests of the stockholders as a whole;

 

   

The value of the candidate’s experience as a director of Sunrise Telecom;

 

   

The availability of new director candidates who may offer unique contributions;

 

   

The knowledge, skills and experience of the candidate, including experience in technology, business, finance, administration or public service;

 

   

Any potential conflicts of interest; and

 

   

The candidate’s commitment to dedicate the necessary time and attention to Sunrise Telecom.

 

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The Corporate Governance/Nominating Committee considers each new director candidate and each incumbent director carefully, including considering other factors as it may deem are in the best interests of Sunrise Telecom and its stockholders. The Corporate Governance/Nominating Committee will consider director candidates properly submitted by stockholders in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Sunrise Telecom Bylaws. The Board has determined that each of the members of the Corporate Governance/Nominating Committee is an “independent director” as defined in Rule 4200 of the Marketplace Rules of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.

 

ITEM 11.    EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

 

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

 

This Compensation Discussion and Analysis contains a discussion of the principles underlying our executive compensation policies and decisions and material elements of executive compensation awarded to the named executive officers listed in the Summary Compensation Table—Fiscal 2007 below. The discussion below should be read in conjunction with the tables and related disclosures set forth below in this section.

 

General Objectives and Policies

 

We believe that the telecommunications test equipment industry is a highly competitive business environment and that it is important to develop an executive compensation program that attracts, motivates and retains qualified executives by rewarding excellence, leadership and long-term company performance. Accordingly, our compensation strategy is generally market and performance oriented and designed to link executive compensation to our strategic business objectives, specific financial performance objectives and the enhancement of stockholder returns.

 

During fiscal 2006 we determined that the compensation of many of our named executive officers, like the compensation of other employees, was significantly below prevailing market rates, and many unexpected challenges required the Compensation Committee to temporarily set aside strict performance-oriented objectives and to develop compensation arrangements that promoted the retention of key employees, including our named executive officers. One such compensation arrangement, our Retention Incentive Bonus Program, lasted into May 2007.

 

As described in more detail below, the material elements of our executive compensation program for our named executive officers during fiscal year 2007 were as follows:

 

Element

   Form of
Compensation
  

Purpose

Base Salary

   Cash    Fixed compensation to attract and retain exceptional executive talent.

Retention Bonus

   Cash    Incentive to remain employed with the Company through specified dates.

Management by Objective Bonus

   Cash    Recognize individual contributions.

Change of Control Severance Plan

   Cash    Motivate executive officers to continue employment with the Company until the completion of a change of control transaction and to provide compensation in the event a named executive officer is terminated as a result of a change of control transaction.

 

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How We Determine Compensation

 

The Compensation Committee meets regularly during the year and is responsible for the determination of all executive compensation matters. The Compensation Committee conducts an annual review of executive compensation, typically in the first quarter of the year, at which it reviews the elements of executive compensation for each named executive officer and makes compensation decisions for the year, including setting any performance targets for incentive compensation plans. In developing these decisions, the Committee receives and considers recommendations from the Chief Executive Officer. In its annual review, the Compensation Committee considers many factors, including:

 

   

the relationship between executive compensation and corporate performance and returns to stockholders;

 

   

the qualitative or quantitative measures of corporate performance to be used in the determination of executive compensation;

 

   

the roles, responsibilities and performance of individual executives;

 

   

the relative compensation of different executives and the long-term value of each executive; and

 

   

market data of executive compensation at comparable companies, for the purpose of assessing the Company’s competitive position relative to these companies.

 

The Compensation Committee reviewed each element of executive compensation for 2007 for our named executive officers.

 

Role of Compensation Consultant

 

The Company and the Compensation Committee retained the services of an independent compensation consultant in the fall of 2006 in connection with our determination of executive compensation for 2007, among other matters. The Company and the Compensation Committee utilized the services of such independent compensation consultant through the first quarter of 2007. The Company and the Compensation Committee also used internal resources, the Radford compensation surveys, and published public company compensation information from selected comparable companies in determining 2007 executive compensation.

 

Role of Executive Officers in Determining 2007 Compensation

 

Our management provides background information relevant to the Compensation Committee’s deliberations on executive compensation matters, and our Chief Executive Officer recommends compensation for other named executive officers but does not participate in the consideration of his own compensation by the Compensation Committee. In March 2007, our Chief Executive Officer provided the Compensation Committee recommended base salaries for all named executive officers, including the Chief Executive Officer, to be in effect for fiscal year 2007. The Compensation Committee has the authority to accept, reject or modify these recommendations, and it accepted them with some adjustments. The Chief Executive Officer made no recommendations with respect to equity compensation in 2007 because the Company was not current with its periodic SEC reporting requirements and was unable to issue any equity compensation under a registration statement on Form S-8.

 

In making his recommendations to the Compensation Committee, the Chief Executive Officer reviewed the scope of each named executive officer’s responsibilities, the executive’s background, training and experience, the Company’s ability to find a replacement for the individual and internal pay equity considerations. He also reviewed the performance of the individual executives. He referred to the 2007 Radford Executive Survey. This survey contains market data and compensation alternatives to consider in making compensation decisions for our named executive officers. We believe that this survey is a commonly-used resource for technology companies in our geographic area. We reviewed the

 

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amounts reported in the Radford survey for telecommunications companies with average revenue ranging between $50 million and $199 million, to match our industry and company size. To gain additional perspective, our management also evaluated aspects of compensation reported by a group of public companies in the telecommunications industry with which we compete for business and executive talent. The companies surveyed for this purpose change from time to time, but for 2007 we reviewed information from the following companies:

 

•     IXIA

  

•     EXFO

•     Tektronix

  

•     Agilent

•     Catapult

  

•     Acterna

•     Tollgrade

  

 

We do not consider these companies a “peer group” for executive compensation benchmarking purposes, but refer to their compensation practices for additional perspective.

 

Elements of Compensation

 

Base Salary

 

Our goal is to pay base salaries to our executive officers that are competitive with the base salaries paid to similar executives of companies with which we believe we compete to attract and retain executives. We generally target executive officer base salaries at approximately the 50th percentile of the Radford Executive Survey. The Compensation Committee reviewed the base salaries for each named executive officer in the first quarter of 2007 in light of the Radford data as well as the additional information from the companies identified above. Executive officer base salaries were also evaluated as part of the total compensation package for each named executive officer, with a general target that total compensation should be approximately the 50th percentile of the relevant Radford data. The weight given to different compensation elements may differ from individual to individual, as the Compensation Committee deems appropriate, based on each executive officer’s position and relative experience. We may adjust base salary during the year as warranted to address retention issues or to reflect promotions or other changes in the scope or breadth of an executive’s role or responsibilities.

 

Retention Incentive Bonus Program

 

In April 2006, the Compensation Committee determined that the base salaries of our named executive officers, other than our Chief Executive Officer, like the salaries of other employees, were lower than the 50th percentile for 2006, making our base salaries significantly non-competitive. As a result of several years in which we had paid little or no bonuses to our executives, continuing below market salaries, and our continuing internal problems, the Compensation Committee decided that we were in a period of increased risk of substantial employee turnover. The Compensation Committee believed that the Company needed to motivate and retain our executives to continue working for the Company while the Audit Committee completed its special investigation and we worked through accounting and reporting challenges associated with that activity. As a result, the Compensation Committee met to determine what incentive compensation programs would be appropriate, and our executive officers offered their suggestions for retention incentives. Ultimately the Compensation Committee authorized a retention incentive program for Company employees, including the named executive officers that made payments to all Company employees based in San Jose, California, including executive officers, through the beginning of May 2007 for continued employment.

 

The Compensation Committee approved the Retention Incentive Bonus Program, pursuant to which each employee was eligible to receive a bonus equivalent of up to three months of his or her base salary. Our named executive officers were compensated on the same basis as other salaried employees in San Jose, California under this program. Each bonus payment was in an amount equal to one month of the employee’s current annual salary as of

 

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April 27, 2006. We agreed to pay bonuses in three equal installments to eligible employees who remained employed as of July 28, 2006, December 1, 2006 and May 4, 2007. The retention incentives paid to our named executive officers for 2007 and the totals paid under this plan, are set forth in the following table:

 

Named Executive Officer

   2007
Retention
Bonus
   Total
Retention
Bonus

Paul Marshall

   $ —      $ —  

Richard D. Kent

   $ 17,250    $ 51,750

Gerhard Beenen

   $ 19,167    $ 19,167

Robert G. Heintz

   $ 15,083    $ 45,251

Kirk O. Williams

   $ 15,625    $ 46,875

 

Heintz 2007 Bonus/Commission Structure

 

Mr. Heintz received commissions based on revenue and sales margin targets, with a commission target of $135,000 based on Corporate North American sales margin and Company revenue and margin targets, calculated and paid monthly.

 

Beenen 2007 Retention Bonus

 

Mr. Beenen was only eligible for the May 4, 2007 retention bonus.

 

2007 Management by Objective Bonus Plan

 

In February 2007, based on the advice of an independent compensation consultant, the Compensation Committee approved the 2007 Management by Objective Plan (“MBO Plan”), which is a non-equity incentive plan. Under the MBO Plan, incentive bonuses are paid to each of our executive officers other than Mr. Heintz based upon his performance relative to: (1) individual performance objectives; (2) a company revenue target for 2007; and (3) a company net income target for 2007. The target bonus for each eligible executive was 30% of annual base salary. In lieu of participation in the MBO Plan, Mr. Heintz received commissions based on margins and sales, calculated and paid monthly as provided in the preceding section. In addition, the Compensation Committee in its discretion committed to award Mr. Heintz an extra bonus based on Company performance, not to exceed two times his annual base salary for superior achievement of personal and Company objectives.

 

Half of the MBO Plan target bonus was payable if individual performance objectives were achieved, regardless of Company performance. The other half of the target bonus was payable upon achievement of Company-specific metrics for the year determined by the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee decided that the Company-specific metrics should be revenue and net income because they are key components of the Company’s business strategy. Because of their importance, the Compensation Committee weighted the Company-specific metrics to equal 50% of the target bonus, allocating 25% to each Company-specific metric, but also wanted to motivate each named executive officer to improve his respective functional areas through his individual performance target of 50%. Mr. Beenen’s Company-specific performance metrics also included business unit performance targets. Individual performance goals were based on certain Company-specific metrics for the respective functional area of each named executive officer. The goals of Mr. Marshall were determined and approved by the Compensation Committee. The goals of Messrs. Kent, Beenen and Williams were approved by Mr. Marshall shortly after the adoption of the MBO Plan.

 

If the Company achieved 75% of its revenue target under the MBO Plan, half of the revenue target bonus was payable, with graduated payments up to 100% of this component at 100% achievement of our annual revenue target. If the Company achieved breakeven operating results, half of the net income target bonus was payable, with graduated

 

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payments up to 100% of this component at 100% achievement of our net income target. In addition, the Compensation Committee could award discretionary bonuses, not to exceed three times each named executive officer’s base salary, if our revenue and net income targets were exceeded. Conversely, the Compensation Committee reserved the discretion to reduce or eliminate bonuses if the Company’s revenue and net income targets were not achieved.

 

In February 2008, MBO Plan bonuses were awarded for the achievement of 2007 individual performance objectives to Messrs. Marshall, Beenen, Kent, and Williams in the amounts of $0, $0, $20,700, and $24,000, respectively. No portion of the bonuses were attributable to Company performance metrics. Messrs. Marshall and Beenen, who were eligible to receive bonuses based on their achievement of individual performance objectives, elected not to receive any such bonus. In determining the amounts of the Management by Objective bonuses, the Compensation Committee considered (i) the achievement of specific company objectives and (ii) the achievement of individual performance objectives. Effective June 30, 2008. Mr. Beenen is no longer employed by us. On July 16, 2008, we and Mr. Beenen entered into a Separation Agreement, pursuant to which Mr. Beenen received a severance payment consisting of (i) the 2008 salary increase that he declined in March 2008, calculated from January 1, 2008 to June 27, 2008; (ii) the 2007 MBO Bonus Payment that he declined in March 2008; and (iii) eight weeks of pay, for a total payment of approximately $77,473. Mr. Beenen is entitled also to reimbursement for premiums on continued health benefits for up to four months. Mr. Beenen’s change of control separation payment survives his termination of employment. If a change of control of Sunrise Telecom occurs (as defined in Mr. Beenen’s offer letter) within four months of the effective date of his departure, Mr. Beenen would be entitled to the separation pay and benefits contained in his offer letter, but the total severance payment of approximately $77,473 that he has already received would be subtracted from that separation pay. Mr. Beenen did not receive any payment under the Company’s 2008 Management by Objective Bonus Plan.

 

Change of Control Severance Plan

 

In June 2006, the Compensation Committee approved and adopted a Change of Control Severance Plan to promote our executive compensation objectives to motivate and retain qualified executives by offering severance arrangements designed to provide reasonable compensation to departing executives under certain circumstances. Because many change of control transactions involve significant management turnover, we believe that the potential for a change of control transaction involving the Company creates uncertainty among our executives about their continued employment and might lead to unwanted turnover. The Change of Control Severance Plan allows named executives to remain focused on Company business during this time of Company uncertainty.

 

In order to encourage our executive officers to remain employed with the Company during an important time when their prospects of continued employment following a change in control transaction are uncertain, we provide Messrs. Kent and Williams with severance benefits pursuant to our Change of Control Severance Plan. As a principal stockholder, our Chief Executive Officer, Paul Marshall, did not participate in the Change of Control Severance Plan or any other severance arrangement. At the time of the adoption of the Change of Control Severance Plan, Mr. Heintz was not eligible to participate because he was not at that time one of our executive officers, and Mr. Beenen was not yet employed by the Company. When Mr. Beenen joined the Company in August 2006, he was offered change of control severance terms substantially similar to those offered to other executives under the plan. Mr. Heintz also was added to the plan in December 2007. Pursuant to the terms of the plan, the Company may amend the plan at any time.

 

Please see the section below titled “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control” for a description of the potential payments that may be made to our named executive officers in connection with their termination of employment in connection with a change of control.

 

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Perquisites and Other Benefits

 

Our executive officers receive the same benefits package that is available to other regular full time employees of the Company. In general, our executive officers do not receive any special perquisites or other benefits solely by virtue of the fact that they are executive officers.

 

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION FOR 2008

 

Relationship with Independent Compensation Consultant

 

The Company and the Compensation Committee did not retain the services of an independent compensation consultant in connection with our determination of executive compensation for 2008. The Company and the Compensation Committee used only internal resources, the Radford Compensation Surveys, and published public company compensation information in determining 2008 executive compensation.

 

2008 Executive Compensation Components

 

The Compensation Committee made all decisions regarding the 2008 compensation of our named executive officers, with participation of Company executives substantially as described above relative to 2007 executive compensation. Our 2008 executive compensation program for our named executive officers included the following elements:

 

Element

  

Form of Compensation

  

Purpose

Base Salary

  

Cash

   Fixed compensation to attract and retain exceptional executive talent.

Management by Objective Bonus

  

Cash

   Incentive to achieve individual and overall Company performance.

Change of Control Severance Plan

  

Cash

   Compensation in the event of termination as a result of a change of control transaction.

 

2008 Annual Base Salaries

 

On March 10, 2008, the Compensation Committee approved 2008 annual base salaries for the Company’s executive officers, effective as of January 7, 2008, as follows:

 

Name Executive Officer

  

Title

   2008 Base Salary

Paul A. Marshall

   Chief Executive Officer and President    $345,000

Gerhard Beenen

   President and General Manager    $235,000

Richard Kent

   Chief Financial Officer    $234,600

Robert Heintz

   Vice President, World Wide Sales and Marketing    $208,000

Kirk O. Williams

   Chief Legal and Compliance Officer, Secretary    $206,000

 

For 2008 executive base salaries, the Compensation Committee used the same methodology as in the past as outlined above.

 

2008 Management by Objective Bonus and Performance Measures

 

On March 10, 2008 the Compensation Committee also approved cash bonus arrangements for executive officers.

 

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Messrs. Marshall, Kent and Williams participate in the Management by Objective Plan and will be paid based on their performance relative to individual objectives, as well as based on Company performance relative to a revenue target and a net income target for 2008. The target bonus for each of Messrs. Marshall, Kent and Williams is 30% of the participant’s annual base salary. Half of the target bonus may be earned if the individual performance objectives are achieved, regardless of Company performance; one quarter may be earned if the Company’s revenue target is achieved; and one quarter may be earned if the Company’s net income target is achieved. The target bonus based on revenue performance is payable if the Company’s revenue target is fully achieved; payment for this element starts when the Company meets 75% of its revenue target and breakeven profitability. The target bonus based on net income performance is payable if the Company’s net income target is fully achieved; payment for this element starts when the Company meets breakeven profitability. In addition, the Compensation Committee may award discretionary bonuses, not to exceed three times the participant’s annual base salary, if Company revenue and net income targets are exceeded. The Compensation Committee reserves the discretion to reduce or eliminate incentive bonuses if Company revenue and net income targets are not achieved.

 

Mr. Beenen also participated in the Management by Objective Plan and was to be paid based on his performance relative to individual performance objectives, as well as based on product group performance and Company performance. However, effective June 30, 2008, Mr. Beenen is no longer employed by us. On July 16, 2008, we and Mr. Beenen entered into a Separation Agreement, pursuant to which Mr. Beenen received a severance payment consisting of (i) the 2008 salary increase that he declined in March 2008, calculated from January 1, 2008 to June 27, 2008; (ii) the 2007 MBO Bonus payment that he declined in March 2008; and (iii) eight weeks of pay, for a total payment of approximately $77,473. Mr. Beenen is entitled also to reimbursement for premiums on continued health benefits for up to four months. Mr. Beenen’s change of control separation payment survives his termination of employment. If a change of control of Sunrise Telecom occurs (as defined in Mr. Beenen’s offer letter) within four months of the effective date of his departure, Mr. Beenen would be entitled to the seperation pay and benefits contained in his offer letter, but the total severance payment of approximately $77,473 that he has already received would be subtracted from that separation pay. Mr. Beenen did not receive any payment under the Company’s 2008 Management by Objective Bonus Plan. See, “Option Exercises and Stock Vested—Fiscal 2007—Employment Agreements.”

 

Mr. Heintz does not participate in the Management by Objective Plan but will be paid commission based incentive compensation calculated and paid monthly on Company margins and sales, with a commission target of $120,000 at the Company’s targeted worldwide sales for 2008. The Compensation Committee in its discretion may award Mr. Heintz an extra bonus based on Company performance above targets, not to exceed two times his annual base salary.

 

Equity-Based Incentive Awards

 

We believe that our named executive officers’ equity-based compensation should be directly linked to the value provided to our stockholders. However, due to the internal investigation concerning our business practices, the investigation of our historical stock option granting practices, the restatement activities relating to the stock option investigation and the other errors in our historical accounting practices, we were unable to timely file periodic reports with the SEC. As a result, we were not in compliance with the filing requirements for continued listing on the NASDAQ Stock Market as set forth in Marketplace Rule 4310(c)(14), our common stock was delisted from the NASDAQ Stock Market in December 2005 and subsequently began trading on the Pink Sheets under the symbol “SRTI.PK” and we do not have an effective registration statement on Form S-8 on file with the SEC. Therefore, our Compensation Committee has not granted stock option awards since 2005.

 

At the first Compensation Committee meeting following the date on which we are deemed current with our SEC periodic reporting requirements and therefore are able to issue equity-based compensation, we intend to award stock option grants to our employees, including our named executive officers, with an exercise price equal to the closing sale

 

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price of our common stock on the date of the grant. Like many technology companies, our common stock price is highly volatile, which creates uncertainty about the value of current equity awards. A stock option is an instrument more directly tied to stock market risk and will have no value if the exercise price is higher than the market price of our common stock on the exercise date. Thus, the named executive officers will only realize value on their stock options if our stockholders realize value on their shares.

 

We believe that stock options also function as a retention incentive for our named executives as they vest over a four year period following the grant date in accordance with the following schedule: 25% vest on the first anniversary of the date of the grant and the remaining 75% vest in equal monthly installments of approximately 2% per month thereafter. We typically make initial equity awards of stock options to new executives at the first regularly scheduled Compensation Committee meeting held following the new executive’s date of hire and annual equity award grants to our current executives at the first regularly scheduled Compensation Committee meeting of each year. The number of shares of the Company’s common stock subject to each annual award is intended to create a meaningful opportunity for stock ownership in light of the named executive officer’s current position with the Company, the size of comparable awards to comparable executives at comparable companies, the individual’s potential for increased responsibility and promotion over the award term, the individual’s personal performance and contributions in recent periods and the individual’s anticipated contribution to meeting the Company’s long term strategic performance goals. The Compensation Committee also takes into account the number of unvested equity awards held by the named executive officer in order to maintain an appropriate level of retention incentive for that individual. However, the Compensation Committee does not adhere to any specific guidelines as to the relative equity award holdings of the Company’s named executive officers.

 

COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNAL REVENUE CODE SECTION 162(m)

 

Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which we refer to herein as the “Code,” generally disallows a tax deduction to public companies for certain compensation in excess of $1 million paid to the named executive officers. Certain compensation, including qualified performance-based compensation, will not be subject to the deduction limit if certain requirements are met. The Compensation Committee reviews the potential effect of Section 162(m) periodically and generally seeks to structure the long-term incentive compensation granted to its executive officers in a manner that is intended to avoid disallowance of deductions under Section 162(m). Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that compensation attributable to long-term incentive awards will be treated as qualified performance-based compensation under Section 162(m). In addition, the Compensation Committee reserves the right to use its judgment to authorize compensation payments that may be subject to the limit when the Compensation Committee believes such payments are appropriate and in our and our stockholders’ best interests, after taking into consideration changing business conditions and the performance of its employees.

 

COMPENSATION OF NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

 

The Summary Compensation Table below quantifies the value of the different forms of compensation earned by, or awarded to, our named executive officers in 2007. The primary elements of each named executive officer’s total compensation reported in the table are base salary and bonuses. The Summary Compensation Table—Fiscal 2007 should be read in conjunction with the tables and narrative descriptions that follow. A description of the material terms of each named executive officer’s base salary and annual bonus is provided immediately following the Summary Compensation Table. The Company did not grant any equity awards to our executive officers in 2007, but the Company did grant non-equity incentive awards. The Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year—End 2007 and Option Exercises and Stock Vested—Fiscal 2007 tables provide further information on the named executive officers’ potential realizable value and actual value realized with respect to their equity awards. The discussion of the potential payments due upon a termination of employment resulting from a change in control that follows is intended to further explain the potential future payments that are, or may become, payable to our named executive officers under certain circumstances.

 

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Summary Compensation Table—Fiscal 2007

 

The following table summarizes the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer, and our other three most highly compensated executive officers during the year ended December 31, 2007. We refer to these individuals as the “named executive officers” elsewhere in this report.

 

Name and Principal Position

   Year    Salary
($)
   Bonus
($)(5)
   Option
Awards
($)
   Non-Equity
Incentive
Plan
Compensation
($)(6)
   All Other
Compensation
($)(7)
   Total
($)

Paul A. Marshall (1)

   2007    357,752    —      10,896    —      6,650    375,298

Chief Executive Officer and President

                    

Richard D. Kent,

   2007    229,115    17,250    41,280    20,700    6,461    314,806

Chief Financial Officer

                    

Gerhard J. Beenen (2)

   2007    234,808    19,167    —      —      6,469    260,444

Chief Operating Officer

                    

Robert G. Heintz (3)

   2007    199,269    15,083    55,685    107,992    6,137    384,166

Vice President, Worldwide Sales and Marketing

                    

Kirk O. Williams (4)

   2007    199,519    15,625    6,201    24,000    6,419    251,764

Chief Legal and Compliance Officer, Secretary

                    

 

(1)   The Board of Directors appointed Mr. Marshall Chief Executive Officer and President on February 7, 2006.

 

(2)   Effective June 30, 2008, Mr. Beenen is no longer employed by the Company. Mr. Beenen joined the Company in August 2006 as President and General Manager of the Telecom Products Group. In May 2008, Mr. Beenen was promoted to the position of Chief Operating Officer.

 

(3)   Mr. Heintz was appointed Vice President Worldwide Sales in August 2007. From June 2005 to August 2007, Mr. Heintz served the Company as Vice President, North American Sales.

 

(4)   Mr. Williams has served as the Company’s Chief Legal and Compliance Officer since February 2007. From December 2004 to February 2007, Mr. Williams served as the Company’s Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary.

 

(5)   The amounts reported in this column represent Retention Incentive Bonuses paid to the named executive officers in May 2007.

 

(6)   The amounts reported in this column include the aggregate dollar amounts paid to the named executive officers (i) under the terms of the management by objective bonus program as described above under “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Executive Compensation For 2007—2007 Management by Objective Bonus Plan,” and (ii) as commissions as described above under “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Elements of Compensation—Heintz 2007 Bonus/Commission Structure.”

 

(7)   The amounts reported in this column reflect group term life insurance (GTL) premiums paid on behalf of the Company’s named executive officers, the Company’s reallocated forfeitures in unvested 401(k) matching contributions and 401(k) matching. See also, “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Elements of Compensation—Perquisites and Other Benefits.

 

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Description of Employment Agreements, Salary and Bonus Amounts

 

As indicated in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis and discussed below, none of our current named executive officers is employed pursuant to an employment agreement. As a result, their base salary and bonus opportunities are not fixed by contract. Instead, in the first quarter of each fiscal year, the Compensation Committee establishes the base salary level for each of our named executive officers for the year. In making its determination, the Compensation Committee considers the factors discussed under “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Elements of Compensation—Base Salary.” In fiscal 2007, the Company granted certain named executive officers discretionary cash bonuses. In determining the terms of such awards, the Compensation Committee considered the factors discussed above under “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Elements of Compensation—Discretionary Bonus.”

 

Consistent with the Company’s philosophy that a portion of compensation should be contingent on the Company’s performance, base salary for named executive officers in fiscal 2007 comprised between 62% and 76% of the individual’s total compensation. Non-equity incentive compensation for named executive officers in fiscal 2007, the value of which, as described above under “Compensation Discussion and Analysis—Elements of Compensation—2007 Management by Objective Bonus Plan” is dependent upon the named executive officer’s individual and Company-specific performance objectives. Non-equity incentive compensation comprised between 0% and 33% of individual total compensation, including Mr. Heintz’s commission structure. Our planned goal of non-equity compensation varies with our named executive officers, but in general our planned goal is approximately 30% of base salary. The Company believes this allocation of base salary and incentive compensation in proportion to total compensation is appropriate to balance the Company’s dual goals of aligning the interests of executives and stockholders and providing predictable benefit amounts that reward an executive’s continued service.

 

Grants of Plan-based Awards—Fiscal 2007

 

There were no grants of plan-based awards in 2007.

 

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Outstanding Equity Awards At Year-end—Fiscal 2007

 

The following table presents information regarding the outstanding share-based awards held by each named executive officer, as of December 31, 2007, including the vesting dates for the portions of these awards that had not vested as of that date. This table also includes the amounts recognized for each of these awards for financial statement reporting purposes for fiscal 2007 as reflected in the Summary Compensation Table – Fiscal 2007 above. For purposes of clarity, awards that were granted prior to December 31, 2007 but that were not outstanding as of December 31, 2007 (for example, because the awards were forfeited, exercised, paid or otherwise settled prior to December 31, 2007) are also included in the table below if a charge was recognized for financial statement reporting purposes for fiscal 2007 with respect to the award. Additional information regarding these awards is presented in the footnotes below and in the table below under “Option Exercises and Stock Vested – Fiscal 2007.”

 

     Options (1)

Name

   Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Exercisable
    Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Unexercisable
   Option
Exercise
Price ($)(4)
   Option
Expiration
Date

Paul A. Marshall

   80,000 (2)      4.94    1/10/11
   80,000        3.98    1/23/12
   24,000 (2)      1.76    6/6/12
   45,000        1.91    1/29/13
   14,637     363    4.09    1/28/14
   17,708     7,292    3.20    2/8/15

Richard D. Kent

   70,833     29,167    3.20    2/8/15

Gerhard J. Beenen (3)

   —       —      —      —  

Robert G. Heintz

   112,500     37,500    2.57    7/21/14
   7,083     2,917    3.20    2/8/15

Kirk O. Williams

   18,800        1.91    1/29/13
   3,916     84    4.09    1/28/14
   5,666     2,334    3.20    2/8/15

 

(1)   Each stock option grant reported in the table above with a grant date before July 12, 2000 was granted under, and is subject to, the Company’s 1993 Stock Option Plan. Each stock option grant reported in the table above with a grant date on or after July 12, 2000 was granted under, and is subject to, the Stock 2000 Plan. The option expiration date shown above is the normal expiration date, and the latest date that the options may be exercised. For each named executive officer, the unexercisable options above are also unvested and will generally terminate if the named executive officer’s employment terminates. (Each option vests over four years with 25% vesting on the first anniversary of the date of grant and the remaining 75% vesting in 36 equal monthly installments thereafter.)

 

(2)   On April 29, 2008, Mr. Marshall returned two unexercised exercisable options (i) 80,000 shares priced at $4.94, granted on January 10, 2001, set to expire on January 10, 2011, and (ii) 24,000 shares priced at $1.76, granted on June 6, 2002, set to expire on June 6, 2012. He no longer wanted the right to exercise those options. Those two option grants used the grant date as the measurement date. A recent review determined that a different measurement date should have been used for all of the Company’s options granted on those two dates, resulting in the restatement of the Company’s financial records.

 

(3)  

No stock options have been granted to Mr. Beenen because the Compensation Committee has not granted options since delisting of the Company’s common stock from the NASDAQ in December 2005. Pursuant to the August 16, 2006 employment offer letter to Mr. Beenen, the Company committed to a stock option grant of 80,000 shares of

 

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common stock at a yet to be determined exercise price for Mr. Beenen to be awarded when the Company is deemed to have become current with its reporting requirements by the SEC and there is an effective registration statement on Form S-8 on file with the SEC. Mr. Beenen’s employment with the Company terminated as of June 30, 2008 and Mr. Beenen relinquished any rights that he had with respect to his future option grant.

 

(4)   As of September 20, 2008, the grant prices of each of the options listed above were above the per share fair market value of the Company’s stock of $0.51 per share.

 

Option Exercises and Stock Vested—Fiscal 2007

 

None of our named executive officers exercised any stock options during 2007. None of our named executive officers held restricted stock subject to vesting during 2007.

 

Employment Agreements

 

On February 9, 2005, we entered into an amended and restated terms of employment letter with Mr. Kent setting forth his responsibilities as Chief Financial Officer and his compensation, including his initial annual salary of $207,000 and stock option grant to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock. Pursuant to the employment letter, upon a change of control, Mr. Kent would be entitled to a termination payment of up to $100,000 to be paid in full if he was terminated within one month of his start date, declining thereafter at a rate of $4,166 per month until reaching zero on the second anniversary of his start date. As of December 31, 2007, Mr. Kent would not be entitled to any cash compensation as a result of his termination pursuant to this agreement. In addition, the agreement provided for the acceleration of Mr. Kent’s stock options upon a change of control as discussed below.

 

On August 16, 2006, we entered into an employment offer letter agreement with Gerhard Beenen. The offer letter agreement sets forth his responsibilities as President and General Manager—Telecom Products Group and Officer of the Corporation. The letter also covers his compensation, including his initial annual salary of $230,000 and a commitment for a stock option grant to purchase 80,000 shares of common stock, such stock option grant to be awarded to Mr. Beenen at an exercise price to be determined at the first Compensation Committee meeting following the date on which we are deemed current with our reporting requirements by the SEC and we have an effective registration statement on Form S-8 on file with the SEC. In 2007, Mr. Beenen was also entitled to receive an incentive cash bonus targeted at 25% of his salary; such bonus was based on a mixture of financial performance targets and individual objectives. In addition, Mr. Beenen’s employment offer letter provided for the acceleration of his stock options upon a change of control as discussed below. If Mr. Beenen’s employment is terminated within four months before or 12 months after a change in control, and the termination is an involuntary termination other than for cause, or a voluntary termination by Mr. Beenen for good reason, then Mr. Beenen is entitled to eight months of base salary and health benefits. Mr. Beenen’s employment offer letter also sets forth his incentive cash bonus targets of 25% of his then current salary for achieving objectives, 50% of his then current salary for achievement beyond such objectives, and up to 200% for extraordinary achievement. However, these incentive cash bonuses were superseded by the benefits provided under the Company’s 2007 Management by Objective Plan.

 

Effective June 30, 2008, Mr. Beenen is no longer employed by us. On July 16, 2008, we and Mr. Beenen entered into a Separation Agreement, pursuant to which Mr. Beenen received a severance payment consisting of (i) the 2008 salary increase that he declined in March 2008, calculated from January 1, 2008 to June 27, 2008; (ii) the 2007 MBO Bonus payment that he declined in March 2008; and (iii) eight weeks of pay, for a total payment of approximately $77,473. Mr. Beenen is entitled also to reimbursement for premiums on continued health benefits for up to four months. Mr. Beenen’s change of control separation payment survives his termination of employment. If a change of control of Sunrise Telecom occurs (as defined in Mr. Beenen’s offer letter) within four months of the effective date of his

 

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departure, Mr. Beenen would be entitled to the separation pay and benefits contained in his offer letter, but the total severance payment of approximately $77,473 that he has already received would be subtracted from that separation pay.

 

Except as described above, we do not have employment agreements with any of our other executive officers.

 

Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control

 

Change of Control Severance Plan

 

Effective June 21, 2006, our Compensation Committee adopted a Change of Control Severance Plan to provide designated employees with additional incentives to remain with us in the event of, and through the duration of, defined change of control events.

 

At the time of the adoption of the plan, our Chief Financial Officer, Richard D. Kent, and our Chief Legal and Compliance Officer, Secretary, Kirk O. Williams, were the only named executive officers eligible to receive payments under the Change of Control Severance Plan. Under the terms of the plan, if either Mr. Kent’s or Mr. Williams’ employment is terminated by us within four months prior to a change of control, or by us or our successor company within twelve months after a change of control, in each case by virtue of an involuntary termination other than for “cause” or a “voluntary termination for good reason” (as such terms are defined in the plan), we or our successor company will provide severance benefits to Messrs. Kent and Williams, as the case may be, consisting of a lump sum payment equal to twelve months base salary in effect at the time of termination of employment, less applicable withholdings, and one year of reimbursements for payments for health coverage continuation. In order to receive such benefits, a general release of claims must be executed by the terminated officer. Mr. Heintz was added to the plan in December 2007 and would receive a change of control severance benefit of twelve months of base salary and twelve months of reimbursement for health coverage continuation. Similarly, Mr. Beenen’s employment arrangement includes a change of control severance benefit of eight months of base salary and eight months of reimbursement for health coverage continuation as described above. Effective as of June 30, 2008, Mr. Beenen is no longer employed with the Company.

 

Messrs. Kent, Williams and Heintz are entitled to severance benefits pursuant to the Change of Control Severance Plan if their employment is terminated by us within four months prior to a change of control, or by us or our successor company within 12 months after a change of control. For Messrs. Kent, Williams and Heintz, those benefits consist of a lump sum payment equal to 12 months of base salary and continued health care benefits paid for by the Company for twelve months after termination. Mr. Beenen would also receive a lump-sum severance payment of eight months of salary and continued health care benefits paid by the Company if a change of control occurs within four months of June 30, 2008, the effective date of his departure from the Company, but the total severance payment of approximately $77,473 that he has already received would be subtracted from such payment. We believe that the protected period of four months prior to a change of control and 12 months following a change in control is in line with the severance protections provided to comparable executives at comparable companies. Except as noted, none of our named executive officers has an employment agreement that provides for severance benefits, a fixed position or duties, or a fixed base salary or actual or target annual bonus. As a result, we believe it appropriate that constructive termination also be included as a potential trigger for severance benefits. Therefore, the change in control arrangements we entered into with some of our named executive officers permit the named executive officers to terminate their employment and receive their benefits in connection with a change in control for certain “good reasons” that we believe result in the constructive termination of the named executive officers’ employment.

 

In the event that a named executive officer becomes entitled to severance under the Change of Control Severance Plan, we believe that it is appropriate to provide the named executive officers, in addition to cash severance benefits, with other severance protection, such as continued medical insurance coverage following termination for the period of

 

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the severance benefit. Similar to cash severance benefits, we believe these other severance benefits are consistent with the severance arrangements of our comparable companies and provide the named executive officers with financial and personal security during a period of time when they are likely to be unemployed and seeking new employment.

 

We do not believe that the named executive officers should be entitled to severance benefits merely because a change in control transaction occurs. Therefore, the payment of severance benefits is generally only triggered by an actual or constructive termination of employment in connection with a change in control. The Change of Control Severance Plan does not currently allow for accelerated vesting of equity compensation; however, the employment arrangements for Messrs. Heintz and Kent extend this benefit to them in the event of a change of control and termination without cause.

 

Under our Change of Control Severance Plan:

 

   

“change of control” means the sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, a change in ownership of more than 50% of the outstanding common stock, or a change in the Company’s Board of Directors resulting in less than 50% of the Company’s current directors remaining on the board.

 

   

“good reason” means a change in primary duties, a reduction in base pay, material adverse modification of incentive compensation programs, and certain relocations.

 

Stock Option Agreements

 

In connection with Mr. Kent’s employment, the Company issued him a stock option grant to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price equal to $3.20 per share. Pursuant to the terms of the stock option agreement, if Mr. Kent’s employment is terminated due to a “change in control” within twelve months of such change in control or as a result of a reduction in force of at least five percent of the Company’s domestic employee workforce, then the stock option would accelerate such that all shares would become fully-vested and immediately exercisable.

 

In July 2004 the Company granted Mr. Heintz an option to purchase 150,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price equal to $2.57 per share. Concurrently with the execution of the stock option grant, Mr. Heintz and the Company entered into an addendum to such stock option grant pursuant to which, in the event of a change of control, if Mr. Heintz is terminated other than for “cause” or he is “constructively terminated” within twelve months of such “change in control,” his stock options will accelerate such that all shares would become fully-vested and immediately exercisable.

 

The Company committed to issue Mr. Beenen a stock option to purchase 80,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price to be determined when the Company is once again able to do so after it becomes current with its filings with the SEC. Such option commitment would accelerate upon a change of control resulting in Mr. Beenen’s termination without cause. Pursuant to the terms of Mr. Beenen’s separation agreement in July 2008, Mr. Beenen relinquished any right he had to any options that would have been granted to him under this agreement with the Company.

 

Potential Payments

 

The following section describes the benefits that may become payable to the named executive officers in connection with certain terminations of their employment with us and/or a change in control of us. In calculating the amount of any potential payments to these named executive officers, we have assumed that the applicable triggering events (i.e. termination of employment in connection with a change of control) occurred on December 31, 2007, the last business day for fiscal year 2007, and that the price per share of our common stock is equal to the closing price per share on such date.

 

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If Mr. Kent’s employment was terminated as a result of a change of control at December 31, 2007, Mr. Kent would not have received any benefit from the acceleration of stock options because the closing sale price of our common stock on December 31, 2007, of $2.05 per share was less than the exercise price of his option granted in February 2006. However, Mr. Kent would have received a cash payment of approximately $229,115, plus benefits valued at approximately $4,678 for health coverage continuation.

 

If Mr. Beenen’s employment was terminated as a result of a change of control at December 31, 2007, Mr. Beenen would have received a cash payment of approximately $156,539, plus benefits valued at approximately $3,119 for health coverage continuation.

 

If Mr. Heintz’s employment was terminated as a result of a change of control at December 31, 2007, Mr. Heintz would not have received any benefit from the acceleration of his stock options because the closing sale price of our common stock on December 31, 2007, of $2.05 per share was less than the exercise price of his option granted in July 2004. However, if Mr. Heintz’s employment was terminated as a result of a change of control at December 31, 2007, Mr. Heintz would have received a cash payment of approximately $199,269, plus benefits valued at approximately $4,678 for health coverage continuation.

 

If Mr. Williams’ employment was terminated as a result of a change of control at December 31, 2007, Mr. Williams would have received a cash payment of approximately $199,519, plus benefits valued at approximately $4,678 for health coverage continuation.

 

The following table summarizes the dollar value of the payments and benefits payable to our named executive officers assuming the applicable triggering events (i.e. termination of employment in connection with a change of control transaction) occurred on December 31, 2007 as described above.

 

Name

   Acceleration of
Stock Options $
   Severance Payment    Health Coverage Continuation
Premiums

Paul A. Marshall

   —        —        —  

Richard D. Kent

   —      $ 229,115    $ 4,678

Gerhard J. Beenen

   —      $ 156,539    $ 3,119

Robert G. Heintz

   —      $ 199,269    $ 4,678

Kirk O. Williams

   —      $ 199,519    $ 4,678

 

The value of payments and benefits payable to our named executive officers assuming the triggering event of a termination of employment in connection with a change of control transaction occurring on a later date than December 31, 2007 may be different than disclosed above.

 

Compensation of Non-employee Directors—Fiscal 2007

 

Effective January 1, 2007, each non-employee member of our Board of Directors is entitled to receive an annual retainer of $35,000, paid quarterly, plus meeting fees of $1,100 per day for meetings, regardless of the number of Board or committee meetings attended. The Chair of the Board is entitled to receive an annual retainer of $50,000, paid quarterly. The Chair of our Audit Committee is entitled to receive an additional annual retainer of $13,000, paid quarterly. The Chairs of the Compensation Committee, the Governance Committee and the Compliance Sub-Committee are each entitled to receive an additional annual retainer of $7,500, $4,000, and $4,000, respectively, paid quarterly. In addition to the annual retainer of $35,000, the Vice Chair of the Board is also entitled to receive an additional annual retainer of $14,000, paid quarterly. Each non-Chair member of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and the Governance Committee is also entitled to receive an additional annual retainer of $6,000, $5,000 and $2,000,

 

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respectively, paid quarterly. Each director is also entitled to be reimbursed for his or her out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attending Board and committee meetings. Each non-employee member of the Board of Directors is entitled to an option to purchase 12,000 shares of common stock at fair market value on an annual basis. These options vest in full on the anniversary of the date of grant, provided the director continues to serve as a director at that time. These options have a term of ten years and expire within 90 days of the director’s termination of service, or one year if such termination is due to death or disability.

 

The following table sets forth compensation paid to our non-employee directors for services rendered during fiscal 2007:

 

Name and Principal Position

   Fees Earned or
Paid in
Cash ($)
   Total
($) (1)

Patrick Peng-Koon Ang (2)

   $55,000    $55,000

Henry P. Huff (3)

   75,000    75,000

Robert C. Pfeiffer (4)

   49,033    49,033

Jennifer J. Walt (5)

   58,375    58,375

 

(1)   The Company did not issue any options to its non-employee directors in fiscal 2007.

 

(2)   At December 31, 2007, Mr. Ang held options to purchase 43,539 shares of our common stock.

 

(3)   At December 31, 2007, Mr. Huff held options to purchase 43,539 shares of our common stock.

 

(4)   At December 31, 2007, Mr. Pfeiffer held options to purchase 41,872 shares of our common stock.

 

(5)   At December 31, 2007, Ms. Walt held options to purchase 43,539 shares of our common stock.

 

COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION

 

All of the Compensation Committee members whose names appear on the Compensation Committee Report below, were committee members during all of fiscal year 2007. No current member of the Compensation Committee is a current or former officer or employee of ours or had any relationships or related persons transactions. None of our executive officers served as a director or a member of a Compensation Committee (or other committee serving an equivalent function) of any other entity, the executive officers of which served as a director or member of our Compensation Committee during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007.

 

REPORT OF THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE

 

The Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis with management and, based upon that review and discussion, the Compensation Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in the Company’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.

 

The Compensation Committee

Jennifer J. Walt, Chairwoman

Patrick Peng-Koon Ang

Henry P. Huff

 

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ITEM 12.    SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

 

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to beneficial ownership of our common stock as of June 30, 2008 for:

 

   

each person who we know beneficially owns more than 5% of our common stock;

 

   

each of our directors;

 

   

each named executive officer; and

 

   

all of our directors and named executive officers as a group.

 

The number and percentage of shares beneficially owned are based on 51,349,058 shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2008. Beneficial ownership is determined under the rules and regulations of the SEC. Shares of common stock subject to options that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of June 30, 2008 are deemed to be outstanding and beneficially owned and the percentage of ownership of that person, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. The persons listed in this table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of our common stock shown as beneficially owned by them, except as indicated in the footnotes to this table, and subject to applicable community property laws. The address of each person listed in this table is c/o Sunrise Telecom Incorporated, 302 Enzo Drive, San Jose, California 95138, unless separately identified below.

 

     Amount and Nature of
Common Stock Beneficially Owned
 

Beneficial Owner

   Number of Shares
Beneficially Owned
    Percent of
Class
 

Paul A. Marshall

   11,741,634 (1)   22.9 %

Robert C. Pfeiffer

   6,350,112 (2)   12.4 %

Tracy Tsuey Hwa Chang

45539 Antelope Drive

Fremont, CA 94539

   4,903,450 (3)   9.5 %

Paul Ker-Chin Chang

2255 Martin Ave. Suite G

Santa Clara, CA 95050

   4,445,300 (3)   8.7 %

Aaron Braun

WC Capital Management, LLC

300 Drakes Landing Blvd., STE 230

Greenbrae, CA 94904

   3,422,700 (4)   6.7 %

Jennifer J. Walt

   463,789 (5)   *  

Richard D. Kent

   87,499 (6)   *  

Robert G. Heintz

   158,749 (7)   *  

Patrick Peng-Koon Ang

   43,539 (8)   *  

Henry P. Huff

   71,539 (9)   *  

Kirk O. Williams

   29,799 (10)   *  

All directors and executive officers as a group (8 persons)

   18,946,660 (11)   36.9 %

 

*   Less than one percent of the outstanding shares of common stock.

 

(1)   Includes 10,023,260 shares held by the Marshall Family Revocable Trust and 161,874 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

 

(2)   Includes 41,872 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

 

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(3)   Based upon representations to the Company made by such stockholders.

 

(4)   Based upon a Schedule 13G filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by WC Capital Management, LLC on February 29, 2008.

 

(5)   Includes 43,539 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

 

(6)   Represents 87,499 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

 

(7)   Represents 158,749 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

 

(8)   Represents 43,539 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

 

(9)   Includes 43,539 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

 

(10)   Represents 29,799 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

 

(11)   Includes 630,595 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

 

Equity Compensation Plan Information—Fiscal 2007

 

The following table provides information, as of December 31, 2007, regarding Sunrise Telecom’s equity compensation plans under which Sunrise Telecom common stock may be issued.

 

Plan Category

   Number of Securities
to be Issued Upon
Exercise of
Outstanding Options
    Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding
Options
   Number of
Securities Remaining
Available for Future
Issuance Under Equity
Compensation Plans
 

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1)

   3,450,805 (2)   $ 3.48    8,157,227 (3)

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders

   —         —      —    
               

Total

   3,450,805     $ 3.48    8,157,227  
               

 

(1)   Our equity compensation plans approved by stockholders are Sunrise Telecom’s 2000 Stock Plan and 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Our stockholders approved both equity compensation plans in April 2000, and unless terminated sooner pursuant to their terms, these plans terminate automatically ten years after their effective dates in July 2010. Both equity compensation plans also contain automatic adjustment provisions that authorize the Board of Directors to approve reserve increases based on the number of shares of our common stock outstanding on the last day of the prior fiscal year. The Board of Directors may also approve share reserve increases for any lower number of shares it deems appropriate.

 

(2)   Represents shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options under the 2000 Stock Plan.

 

(3)   Amount includes 7,454,340 shares of common stock available for future issuance under the 2000 Stock Plan and 702,887 shares of common stock available for future issuance under the 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

 

ITEM 13.    CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

 

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

Under our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, our employees, executive officers and members of our Board of Directors are prohibited from entering into any business, financial, or other relationship with our existing or potential customers, competitors, partners or vendors that might impair, or appear to impair, the exercise of his or her judgment or ethics with regards to Sunrise Telecom. Such relationships include situations involving Sunrise Telecom entering into a business transaction with an executive officer or director, a family member of an executive officer or director, or a

 

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business in which such a person has any significant role. Our employees are obligated under the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics to disclose any existing or proposed transaction or relationship that reasonably could be expected to give rise to a conflict of interest to our Ethics Review Board, which consists of our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and our Chief Legal and Compliance Officer. Our executive officers and directors are obligated under the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics to disclose any existing or proposed transaction or relationship that reasonably could give rise to a conflict of interest to our Board of Directors. The Ethics Review Board or Board of Directors, as the case may be, would review, approve, ratify or, at its discretion, take other action with respect to the transaction. Any related persons transaction would be required to be disclosed in accordance with SEC rules. If the related person at issue is a member of the Ethics Review Board, the Board of Directors or an immediate family member of such person, then that member would not participate in the discussions.

 

In reviewing a proposed related person transaction, the Ethics Review Board or Board of Directors, as the case may be, considers all the relevant facts and circumstances of the transaction on a case-by-case basis, including (i) the nature and terms of the transaction, (ii) the relationship with the related person, (iii) whether the terms of the transaction are fair to the Company and on terms at least as favorable as would apply if the other party was not a related person, (iv) whether there are demonstrable business reasons for the Company to enter into the related party transaction, (v) whether the related party transaction would impair the independence of a director, and (vi) whether the related party transaction would present an improper conflict of interest for any director, executive officer or employee of the Company, taking into account the size of the transaction, the overall financial position of the director, executive officer or employee, the direct or indirect nature of the interest of the director, executive officer or employee in the transaction, the ongoing nature of any proposed relationship, and any other factors the Ethics Review Board or Board of Directors, as the case may be, deems appropriate.

 

On August 12, 2008, the Board of Directors of Sunrise Telecom approved the revised Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for the Company. The revisions included changes dealing with specific regulatory areas, such as export and import matters, immigration, government contracts, political contributions, and technical and administrative updating.

 

Other than the compensation arrangements set forth in Item 11 of this Form 10-K, since January 1, 2007 there has not been, nor is there currently proposed, any transaction in which we were or will be a participant and in which the amount involved exceeded $120,000 and in which any executive officer, director, 5% beneficial owner of our common stock or member of the immediate family of any of the foregoing persons had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.

 

DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

 

Three of our four non-employee directors are, Patrick Peng-Koon Ang, Henry P. Huff and Jennifer J. Walt, “independent” under current rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market. Mr. Pfeiffer does not qualify as an independent director due to his service as the Company’s interim Vice President of Engineering from April through November 2006.

 

ITEM 14.    PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

 

Audit Committee Report

 

The responsibilities of the Audit Committee, among other things, include:

 

   

Reviewing Sunrise Telecom’s audit and related services at least annually;

 

   

Appointing, determining funding for and overseeing Sunrise Telecom’s auditors and ensuring their independence, including pre-approving all audit services and permissible non-audit services provided by the auditors;

 

   

Reviewing Sunrise Telecom’s annual and interim financial statements;

 

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Reviewing and actively discussing with Sunrise Telecom’s auditors the results of the annual audit of Sunrise Telecom’s financial statements and all significant issues, transactions and changes;

 

   

Reviewing and actively discussing with Sunrise Telecom’s auditors the results of the SAS 100 quarterly reviews of Sunrise Telecom’s condensed consolidated financial statements and all significant issues, transactions and changes;

 

   

Overseeing the adequacy of Sunrise Telecom’s system of internal accounting controls, including obtaining from the auditors management letters or summaries on such internal accounting controls;

 

   

Reviewing and establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of inquiries received by Sunrise Telecom regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or any auditing matters; and

 

   

Overseeing Sunrise Telecom’s finance function and compliance with SEC requirements and reviewing the status of any legal matters that could have a significant impact on Sunrise Telecom’s financial statements.

 

The Audit Committee operated pursuant to a charter approved by the Board of Directors. The Audit Committee has implemented procedures to ensure that during the course of each fiscal year it devotes the attention that it deems necessary or appropriate to each of the matters assigned to it under the Audit Committee’s charter. The Audit Committee also has reviewed and reassessed the adequacy of its charter during the course of 2007.

 

Management is responsible for the preparation, presentation and integrity of Sunrise Telecom’s financial statements, accounting and financial reporting principles and internal controls and procedures designed to assure compliance with accounting standards and applicable laws and regulations. Sunrise Telecom’s independent auditors are responsible for performing an independent audit of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States.

 

In overseeing the preparation of Sunrise Telecom’s consolidated financial statements, the Audit Committee met with both management and the independent auditors to review and discuss all financial statements prior to their issuance and to discuss significant accounting issues. Management advised the Audit Committee that all financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The Audit Committee’s review included discussion with the independent auditors of matters required to be discussed pursuant to Statement on Auditing Standards No. 114, The Auditor’s Communication With Those Charged With Governance. The Audit Committee received the written disclosures and the letter from the independent auditors required by the Independence Standards Board Standard No. 1, Independence Discussions with Audit Committees. The Audit Committee also considered whether the provision of non-audit services by the independent auditors was compatible with maintaining the auditors’ independence. Additionally, the Audit Committee has had discussions with the auditors regarding the auditors’ independence. In connection with monitoring Sunrise Telecom’s internal control systems, the Audit Committee periodically consulted with the independent auditors about internal controls and the fairness and accuracy of Sunrise Telecom’s consolidated financial statements.

 

Based on the review referred to in the preceding paragraph, and subject to the limitations on the role and responsibilities of the Audit Committee referred to in its charter, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board of Directors (and the Board approved) the inclusion of Sunrise Telecom’s audited consolidated financial statements in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 for filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Audit Committee
Henry P. Huff, Chairman
Patrick Peng-Koon Ang
Jennifer J. Walt

 

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INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

 

Fees Paid to Independent Auditors

 

KPMG LLP served as our independent registered public accounting firm for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006. The following table sets forth the fees paid to KPMG LLP for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006.

 

Audit and Non-Audit Fees

 

     2007    2006

Audit Fees (1)

   $1,250,000    $1,567,000

Audit-Related Fees (2)

   —      6,000

Tax Fees (3)

   —      6,294
         

Total Fees

   $1,250,000    $1,579,294
         

 

(1)   Audit Fees relate to professional services rendered in connection with the audit of our annual financial statements included in our Form 10-K, quarterly review of financial statements included in our Forms 10-Qs and audit services provided in connection with other statutory and regulatory filings.

 

(2)   Audit-Related Fees include professional services rendered in connection with consultation on accounting and financial reporting matters.

 

(3)   Tax Fees relate to professional services rendered in connection with US and international tax compliance. We do not engage KPMG LLP to perform personal tax services for our executive officers.

 

Audit Committee Pre-approval Policies and Procedures

 

The services performed by KPMG LLP in 2006 and 2007 were preapproved by our Audit Committee in accordance with the requirements of the Audit Committee Charter. Preapproval is generally provided at regularly scheduled meetings of the Audit Committee. Our Audit Committee determined that KPMG LLP’s provision of Audit-Related Fees and Tax Fees, which may have been non-audit in nature, was compatible with and did not impair KPMG LLP’s independence.

 

Part IV.

 

ITEM 15.    EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

 

  (a)   The following documents are filed as part of this report:

 

  (1)   Our Consolidated Financial Statements are included in Part II, Item 8:

 

Report on Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006

 

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years         ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

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  (2)   Supplementary Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule as of and for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005:

 

None.

 

All schedules are omitted because of the absence of conditions under which they are required or because the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

 

  (3)   Exhibits:

 

(a) Exhibit Index.

 

Exhibit
Number

  

Description

   Incorporated by Reference
      Form    Date    Exhibit
Number
   Filed
Herewith
  3.1   

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation

   10-K    March 16,
2001
   3.1   
  3.2   

Amended and Restated Bylaws.

   10-K    November 2,
2007
   3.2   
  4.1   

Specimen Stock Certificate.

   S-1/A    April 13,
2000
   4.1   
10.1   

Purchase and Sale Agreement and Escrow Instructions dated November 5, 1999 between Sunrise and Enzo Drive, LLC.

   S-1    March 9,
2000
   10.2   
10.2   

Form of Indemnification Agreement between Sunrise and each of its Officers and Directors. †

   S-1    March 9,
2000
   10.6   
10.3   

2000 Stock Option Plan. †

   S-1/A    April 13,
2000
   10.7   
10.4   

2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. †

   S-1/A    April 13,
2000
   10.8   
10.5   

Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement. †

   S-8    August 8,
2000
   99.3   
10.6   

Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement. †

   S-8    August 8,
2000
   99.4   
10.7   

Amended and Restated Employment Terms signed by the Company and Richard Kent dated February 9, 2005. †

   8-K    February 8,
2005
   10.01   
10.8   

Employment Offer Letter Supplement signed by the Company and Richard Kent dated February 4, 2005. †

   8-K    February 8,
2005
   10.02   
10.9   

Employment Offer Letter signed by the Company and Richard Kent dated January 27, 2005. †

   8-K    February 8,
2005
   10.03   
10.10   

Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement Addendum between the Company and Richard Kent dated February 8, 2005. †

   8-K    February 8,
2005
   10.04   
10.11   

Confidential Settlement Agreement made and entered into as of August 30, 2005 by and among Sunrise Telecom Incorporated, Acterna LLC and JDS Uniphase Corp. †

   10-Q    November 2,
2007
   10.01   
10.12   

Employment Offer Letter between Sunrise Telecom Incorporated and Robert Chris Pfeiffer, dated April 5, 2006. †

   8-K    April 7,
2006
   10.01   

 

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Exhibit
Number

  

Description

   Incorporated by Reference
      Form    Date    Exhibit
Number
   Filed
Herewith
10.13   

Memorandum dated April 27, 2006 from Paul Marshall, Chief Executive Officer and President of Sunrise Telecom Incorporated announcing the retention incentive bonus program. †

   8-K    May 3,

2006

   10.01   
10.14   

Change of Control Severance Plan, effective June 21, 2006. †

   8-K    June 26,
2006
   10.01   
10.15   

Employment Offer Letter between the Company and Gerhard Beenen. †

   8-K    November 3,
2006
   99.1   
10.16   

Separation Agreement between Sunrise Telecom Incorporated and Gerhard Beenen dated July 16, 2008. †

   8-K    July 21,
2008
   99.1   
10.17   

Management By Objective Plan (effective January 1, 2007). †

   10-K    November 2,
2007
   10.22   
10.18   

Loan and Security Agreement dated as of August 13, 2007 among Silicon Valley Bank, Sunrise Telecom Incorporated and Sunrise Telecom Broadband, Inc.

   8-K    August 13,
2007
   10.01   
10.19   

Amendment No. 1 to Loan and Security Agreement by and among Silicon Valley Bank, Sunrise Telecom Incorporated and Sunrise Telecom Broadband, Inc. dated as of December 28, 2007.

   8-K    January 3,
2008
   10.01   
10.20   

Amendment No. 2 and Limited Waiver to Loan and Security Agreement by and among Silicon Valley Bank, Sunrise Telecom Incorporated and Sunrise Telecom Broadband, Inc., dated August 12, 2008.

   8-K    August 14,
2008
   99.1   
10.21   

Incentive Stock Option Agreement between the Company and Robert Heintz dated July 21, 2004. †

   10-K    November 2,
2007
   10.24   
10.22   

Addendum to 2000 Stock Plan Incentive Stock Option Agreement between the Company and Robert G. Heintz. †

   10-K    November 2,
2007
   10.25   
10.23   

Paul Marshall Letter to Compensation Committee Regarding Voluntary Surrender of Options dated April 29, 2008.†

            X
14.1   

Sunrise Telecom Code of Business Ethics and Conduct.

   8-K    August 14,
2008
   14.1   
21.1   

List of Subsidiaries.

            X
23.1   

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

            X
31.1   

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

            X
31.2   

Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

            X
32.1   

Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.

            X

 

  Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.

 

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Signatures

 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of San Jose, State of California on October 2, 2008.

 

SUNRISE TELECOM INCORPORATED
By:  

/s/    PAUL A. MARSHALL        

  PAUL A. MARSHALL
  President and Chief Executive Officer

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

 

Signature

  

Title

 

Date

/s/    PAUL A. MARSHALL        

Paul A. Marshall

   President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer), Director   October 2, 2008

/s/    RICHARD D. KENT        

Richard D. Kent

   Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)   October 2, 2008

/s/    LAWRENCE A. STRITCH        

Lawrence A. Stritch

   Corporate Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)   October 2, 2008

/s/    ROBERT C. PFEIFFER        

Robert C. Pfeiffer

  

Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors

  October 2, 2008

/s/    PATRICK PENG-KOON ANG        

Patrick Peng-Koon Ang

   Director   October 2, 2008

/s/    HENRY P. HUFF        

Henry P. Huff

  

Chairman of the Board of Directors

  October 2, 2008

/s/    JENNIFER J. WALT        

Jennifer J. Walt

   Director   October 2, 2008

 

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Exhibit Index

 

Set forth below is a list of exhibits that are being filed or incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K:

 

Exhibit
Number

  

Description

   Incorporated by Reference
      Form    Date    Exhibit
Number
   Filed
Herewith
  3.1   

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

   10-K    March 16,
2001
   3.1   
  3.2   

Amended and Restated Bylaws.

   10-K    November 2,
2007
   3.2   
  4.1   

Specimen Stock Certificate.

   S-1/A    April 13,

2000

   4.1   
10.1   

Purchase and Sale Agreement and Escrow Instructions dated November 5, 1999 between Sunrise and Enzo Drive, LLC.

   S-1    March 9,

2000

   10.2   
10.2   

Form of Indemnification Agreement between Sunrise and each of its Officers and Directors. †

   S-1    March 9,
2000
   10.6   
10.3    2000 Stock Option Plan. †    S-1/A    April 13,
2000
   10.7   
10.4    2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. †    S-1/A    April 13,
2000
   10.8   
10.5    Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement. †    S-8    August 8,
2000
   99.3   
10.6    Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement. †    S-8    August 8,
2000
   99.4   
10.7   

Amended and Restated Employment Terms signed by the Company and Richard Kent dated February 9, 2005. †

   8-K    February 8,
2005
   10.01   
10.8   

Employment Offer Letter Supplement signed by the Company and Richard Kent dated February 4, 2005. †

   8-K    February 8,
2005
   10.02   
10.9   

Employment Offer Letter signed by the Company and Richard Kent dated January 27, 2005. †

   8-K    February 8,
2005
   10.03   
10.10   

Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement Addendum between the Company and Richard Kent dated February 8, 2005. †

   8-K    February 8,
2005
   10.04   
10.11   

Confidential Settlement Agreement made and entered into as of August 30, 2005 by and among Sunrise Telecom Incorporated, Acterna LLC and JDS Uniphase Corp. †

   10-Q    November 2,
2007
   10.01   
10.12   

Employment Agreement between Sunrise Telecom Incorporated and Robert Chris Pfeiffer, dated April 5, 2006. †

   8-K    April 7,
2006
   10.01   
10.13   

Memorandum dated April 27, 2006 from Paul Marshall, Chief Executive Officer and President of Sunrise Telecom Incorporated announcing the retention incentive bonus program. †

   8-K    May 3,

2006

   10.01   

 

113


Table of Contents

Exhibit
Number

  

Description

   Incorporated by Reference
      Form    Date    Exhibit
Number
   Filed
Herewith
10.14    Change of Control Severance Plan, effective June 21, 2006. †    8-K    June 26,
2006
   10.01   
10.15   

Employment Offer Letter between the Company and Gerhard Beenen. †

   8-K    November 3,
2006
   99.1   
10.16   

Separation Agreement between Sunrise Telecom Incorporated and Gerhard Beenen dated July 16, 2008. †

   8-K    July 21,
2008
   99.1   
10.17    Management By Objective Plan (effective January 1, 2007). †    10-K    November 2,
2007
   10.22   
10.18   

Loan and Security Agreement dated as of August 13, 2007 among Silicon Valley Bank, Sunrise Telecom Incorporated and Sunrise Telecom Broadband, Inc.

   8-K    August 13,
2007
   10.01   
10.19   

Amendment No. 1 to Loan and Security Agreement by and among Silicon Valley Bank, Sunrise Telecom Incorporated and Sunrise Telecom Broadband, Inc. dated as of December 28, 2007.

   8-K    January 3,
2008
   10.01   
10.20   

Amendment No. 2 and Limited Waiver to Loan and Security Agreement by and among Silicon Valley Bank, Sunrise Telecom Incorporated and Sunrise Telecom Broadband, Inc. dated August 12, 2008.

   8-K    August 14,
2008
   99.1   
10.21   

Incentive Stock Option Agreement between the Company and Robert Heintz dated July 21, 2004. †

   10-K    November 2,
2007
   10.24   
10.22   

Addendum to 2000 Stock Plan Incentive Stock Option Agreement between the Company and Robert G. Heintz. †

   10-K    November 2,
2007
   10.25   
10.23   

Paul Marshall Letter to Compensation Committee Regarding Voluntary Surrender of Options dated April 29, 2008. †

            X
14.1    Sunrise Telecom Code of Business Ethics and Conduct.    8-K    August 14,
2008
   14.1   
21.1    List of Subsidiaries.             X
23.1    Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.             X
31.1   

Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

            X
31.2   

Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

            X
32.1   

Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.

            X

 

  Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.

 

114

EX-10.23 2 dex1023.htm PAUL MARSHALL LETTER TO COMPENSATION COMMITTEE Paul Marshall Letter to Compensation Committee

EXHIBIT 10.23

Paul Andrew Marshall

302 Enzo Drive

San Jose, CA 95138

April 29, 2008

The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors

Sunrise Telecom Incorporated

302 Enzo Drive

San Jose, California 95138

 

RE: Sunrise Telecom Incorporated 2000 Stock Plan
     Option Grant Number D365 dated 1/10/2001 covering 80,000 shares
     Option Grant Number D1067 dated 6/6/2002 covering 24,000 shares

Dear Members of the Committee:

I hereby tender to Sunrise Telecom Incorporated for cancellation the above-described options which options shall be of no further force and effect as of this date.

Attached herewith are the original option agreements for cancellation.

 

Very truly yours,
/s/ Paul A. Marshall
Paul A. Marshall


SUNRISE TELECOM INCORPORATED

2000 STOCK PLAN

NONSTATUTORY STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT

Sunrise Telecom Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby grants an Option to purchase shares of its common stock (the “Shares”) to the Optionee named below. The terms and conditions of the Option are set forth in this cover sheet, in the attachment and in the Company’s 2000 Stock Plan (the “Plan”).

Option Grant Number: D365

Date of Option Grant: 1/10/01

Name of Optionee: PAUL MARSHALL

Optionee’s Social Security Number: ###-##-####

Number of Shares Covered by Option: 80000

Exercise Price per Share: $4.94

Vesting Start Date: 1/10/01

Vesting Schedule: SEE ATTACHED NOTICE OF GRANT OF STOCK OPTIONS AND OPTION AGREEMENT.

Subject to all the terms of the attached Agreement, your right to purchase Shares under this Option vests as to (one-fourth (1/4)) of the total number of Shares covered by this Option, as shown above, on the one-year anniversary of the Vesting Start Date. Thereafter, the number of Shares which you may purchase under this Option shall vest at the rate of (one-forty-eighth (1/48) per month on the 1st day of each of the (thirty-six (36) months) following the month of the one-year anniversary of the Vesting Start Date. The resulting aggregate number of vested Shares will be rounded to the nearest whole number. No additional Shares will vest after your Service has terminated for any reason.

By signing this cover sheet, you agree to all of the terms and conditions described in the attached Agreement and in the Plan, a copy of which is also enclosed

 

Optionee:   /s/ Paul Marshall
  (Signature)
Company:  

/s/ Paul Chang

  PRESIDENT AND CEO


SUNRISE TELECOM INCORPORATED

2000 STOCK PLAN

NONSTATUTORY STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT

Sunrise Telecom Incorporated, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby grants an Option to purchase shares of its common stock (the “Shares”) to the Optionee named below. The terms and conditions of the Option are set forth in this cover sheet, in the attachment and in the Company’s 2000 Stock Plan (the “Plan”).

Option Grant Number: D1067

Date of Option Grant: 6/6/02

Name of Optionee: PAUL MARSHALL

Optionee’s Social Security Number: ###-##-####

Number of Shares Covered by Option: 24000

Exercise Price per Share: $1.76

Vesting Start Date: 6/6/02

Vesting Schedule: SEE ATTACHED NOTICE OF GRANT OF STOCK OPTIONS AND OPTION AGREEMENT.

Subject to all the terms of the attached Agreement, your right to purchase Shares under this Option vests as to (one-fourth (1/4)) of the total number of Shares covered by this Option, as shown above, on the one-year anniversary of the Vesting Start Date. Thereafter, the number of Shares which you may purchase under this Option shall vest at the rate of (one-forty-eighth (1/48) per month on the 1st day of each of the (thirty-six (36) months) following the month of the one-year anniversary of the Vesting Start Date. The resulting aggregate number of vested Shares will be rounded to the nearest whole number. No additional Shares will vest after your Service has terminated for any reason.

By signing this cover sheet, you agree to all of the terms and conditions described in the attached Agreement and in the Plan, a copy of which is also enclosed.

 

Optionee:   /s/ Paul Marshall
  (Signature)
Company:  

/s/ Paul Chang

  PRESIDENT AND CEO
EX-21.1 3 dex211.htm LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES List of Subsidiaries

EXHIBIT 21.1

 

List of Subsidiaries

 

The following table sets forth certain information concerning the principal subsidiaries of Sunrise Telecom Incorporated:

 

Name

   State or Other
Jurisdiction of Incorporation

Sunrise Telecom Broadband, Inc.

   Georgia, U.S.A.

Sunrise Telecom S.R.L.

   Italy

Sunrise Telecom Broadband Corp.

   Nova Scotia, Canada

Taiwan Sunrise Telecom Company Limited

   Taiwan

 

The names of certain subsidiaries have been omitted because such unnamed subsidiaries, considered in the aggregate, would not constitute a significant subsidiary as that term is defined in Regulation S-X.

EX-23.1 4 dex231.htm CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

EXHIBIT 23.1

 

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

The Board of Directors

Sunrise Telecom Incorporated:

 

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statements (File Nos. 333-125128, 333-61596, 333-43270, 333-96689, 333-107471 and 333-115722) on Form S-8 of Sunrise Telecom Incorporated of our report dated September 30, 2008 with respect to the consolidated balance sheets of Sunrise Telecom Incorporated and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2007, which report appears in the December 31, 2007 annual report on Form 10-K of Sunrise Telecom Incorporated.

 

Our report dated September 30, 2008 refers to an accounting change as a result of the adoption of SFAS 123R, Share-Based Payment, and FIN 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Incomes Taxes, an Interpretation of SFAS 109, effective January 1, 2006 and January 1, 2007, respectively.

 

/s/    KPMG LLP

 

Mountain View, California

October 2, 2008

EX-31.1 5 dex311.htm CERTIFICATION OF PEO PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 Certification of PEO Pursuant to Section 302

EXHIBIT 31.1

 

Certification

 

I, Paul A. Marshall, certify that:

 

1.   I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Sunrise Telecom Incorporated.

 

2.   Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report.

 

3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report.

 

4.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 (e) and 15d-15 (e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have:

 

  a)   designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  b)   designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

 

  c)   evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this annual report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  d)   disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  a)   all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

 

  b)   any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: October 2, 2008

 

/S/    PAUL A. MARSHALL        
PAUL A. MARSHALL
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
EX-31.2 6 dex312.htm CERTIFICATION OF PFO PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 Certification of PFO Pursuant to Section 302

EXHIBIT 31.2

 

Certification

 

I, Richard D. Kent, certify that:

 

1.   I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Sunrise Telecom Incorporated.

 

2.   Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report.

 

3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report.

 

4.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 (e) and 15d-15 (e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have:

 

  a)   designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  b)   designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

 

  c)   evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  d)   disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

5.   The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  a)   all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

 

  b)   any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: October 2, 2008

 

/s/    RICHARD D. KENT        
RICHARD D. KENT
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
EX-32.1 7 dex321.htm CERTIFICATION OF PEO AND PFO PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 Certification of PEO and PFO Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

EXHIBIT 32.1

 

Certification of Principal Executive Officer

and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

In connection with the accompanying Form 10-K of Sunrise Telecom Incorporated for the year ended December 31, 2007, we, Paul A. Marshall, President and Chief Executive Officer and Richard D. Kent, Chief Financial Officer, respectively, of Sunrise Telecom Incorporated, hereby certify to the best of our knowledge, that:

 

  (1)   such Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

 

  (2)   the information contained in such Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Sunrise Telecom Incorporated.

 

October 2, 2008

    

/s/    PAUL A. MARSHALL        

Date       

PAUL A. MARSHALL

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

October 2, 2008

    

/s/    RICHARD D. KENT        

Date       

RICHARD D. KENT

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

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-----END PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE-----