10-Q 1 edmc-201433110xq.htm 10-Q EDMC-2014.3.31 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
___________________________________________ 
FORM 10-Q
___________________________________________ 
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2014
OR
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period From                     to
Commission File Number: 001-34466
___________________________________________ 
EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 ___________________________________________ 
Pennsylvania
 
25-1119571
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
210 Sixth Avenue, 33rd Floor
Pittsburgh, PA, 15222
(412) 562-0900
(Address, including zip code and telephone number, of principal executive offices)
___________________________________________ 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes   x     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes   x     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
 
o
 
Accelerated filer
 
x
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
 
o  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting company  
 
o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.):
Yes   ¨     No x
As of May 8, 2014, there were 125,976,789 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.




Table of Contents





PART I

ITEM 1.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


3


  
EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands)
 
 
March 31, 2014
 
June 30, 2013
 
March 31, 2013
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
(Unaudited)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
177,468

 
$
130,695

 
$
183,614

Restricted cash
272,090

 
271,340

 
272,029

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
449,558

 
402,035

 
455,643

Student receivables, net of allowances of $176,039, $174,760 and $177,802 (Note 6)
176,847

 
206,406

 
153,069

Notes, advances and other receivables
43,176

 
32,547

 
27,509

Deferred income taxes
76,813

 
76,927

 
102,793

Prepaid income taxes
29,147

 
20,854

 

Other current assets
36,983

 
32,850

 
40,547

Total current assets
812,524

 
771,619

 
779,561

Property and equipment, net (Note 4)
442,902

 
525,625

 
543,731

Goodwill (Note 5)
343,406

 
777,153

 
777,153

Intangible assets, net (Note 5)
223,282

 
300,435

 
301,039

Other long-term assets
55,236

 
48,524

 
55,878

Total assets
$
1,877,350

 
$
2,423,356

 
$
2,457,362

Liabilities and shareholders’ (deficit) equity
 
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Current portion of long-term debt (Note 8)
$
11,875

 
$
12,076

 
$
12,076

Revolving credit facility (Note 8)

 
75,000

 

Accounts payable
31,594

 
32,559

 
20,955

Accrued liabilities (Note 7)
171,248

 
157,417

 
148,782

Accrued income taxes

 

 
3,174

Unearned tuition
74,051

 
113,371

 
78,473

Advance payments
165,253

 
95,675

 
222,942

Total current liabilities
454,021

 
486,098

 
486,402

Long-term debt, less current portion (Note 8)
1,271,986

 
1,273,164

 
1,283,344

Deferred rent
187,739

 
201,202

 
206,847

Deferred income taxes
40,487

 
72,622

 
90,522

Other long-term liabilities
24,090

 
34,414

 
39,250

Shareholders’ (deficit) equity:
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock, at par
1,451

 
1,435

 
1,435

Additional paid-in capital
1,813,308

 
1,794,846

 
1,789,672

Treasury stock, at cost
(331,812
)
 
(328,605
)
 
(328,605
)
Accumulated deficit
(1,574,251
)
 
(1,098,179
)
 
(1,096,146
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(9,669
)
 
(13,641
)
 
(15,359
)
Total shareholders’ (deficit) equity
(100,973
)
 
355,856

 
350,997

Total liabilities and shareholders’ (deficit) equity
$
1,877,350

 
$
2,423,356

 
$
2,457,362

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

4


EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share amounts)

 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
For the Nine Months Ended March 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
Net revenues
$
595,202

 
$
638,903

 
$
1,769,255

 
$
1,903,363

Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Educational services
356,858

 
350,134

 
1,060,074

 
1,091,808

General and administrative
160,837

 
166,814

 
509,480

 
512,496

Depreciation and amortization
37,109

 
40,266

 
114,307

 
123,667

Long-lived asset impairments (Notes 4 and 5)
509,248

 
300,104

 
513,095

 
300,104

Total costs and expenses
1,064,052

 
857,318

 
2,196,956

 
2,028,075

Loss before interest and income taxes
(468,850
)
 
(218,415
)
 
(427,701
)
 
(124,712
)
Interest expense, net
31,076

 
30,464

 
94,557

 
92,924

Loss on debt refinancing (Note 8)

 
5,232

 

 
5,232

Loss before income taxes
(499,926
)
 
(254,111
)
 
(522,258
)
 
(222,868
)
Income tax (benefit) expense
(32,280
)
 
6,297

 
(46,186
)
 
19,489

Net loss
$
(467,646
)
 
$
(260,408
)
 
$
(476,072
)
 
$
(242,357
)
Loss per share: (Note 2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
(3.71
)
 
$
(2.09
)
 
$
(3.80
)
 
$
(1.95
)
Diluted
$
(3.71
)
 
$
(2.09
)
 
$
(3.80
)
 
$
(1.95
)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding: (Note 2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
125,933

 
124,602

 
125,347

 
124,546

Diluted
125,933

 
124,602

 
125,347

 
124,546















The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5


EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Unaudited)
(In thousands)

 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
For the Nine Months Ended March 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
Net loss
$
(467,646
)
 
$
(260,408
)
 
$
(476,072
)
 
$
(242,357
)
Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net change in interest rate swaps:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Periodic revaluation of interest rate swaps, net of tax benefit of $271, $237, $1,037 and $1,671
(459
)
 
(401
)
 
(1,758
)
 
(2,833
)
Reclassification adjustment for interest recognized in consolidated statement of operations, net of tax expense of $1,168, $1,130, $3,484 and $3,303
1,979

 
1,915

 
5,906

 
5,599

Net change in unrecognized loss on interest rate swaps, net of tax
1,520

 
1,514

 
4,148

 
2,766

Foreign currency translation loss
(359
)
 
(147
)
 
(176
)
 
(88
)
Other comprehensive income
1,161

 
1,367

 
3,972

 
2,678

Comprehensive loss
$
(466,485
)
 
$
(259,041
)
 
$
(472,100
)
 
$
(239,679
)


































The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


6


EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
(In thousands) 
 
For the Nine Months Ended March 31,
 
2014
 
2013
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net loss
$
(476,072
)
 
$
(242,357
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment
109,647

 
118,814

Amortization of intangible assets
4,660

 
4,853

Bad debt expense
124,979

 
129,659

Long-lived asset impairments
513,095

 
300,104

Amortization of debt issuance costs
10,694

 
5,032

Loss on debt refinancing

 
5,232

Share-based compensation
13,536

 
11,938

Non cash adjustments related to deferred rent
(13,886
)
 
(12,610
)
Amortization of deferred gains on sale-leaseback transactions
(1,689
)
 
(1,012
)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Restricted cash
(750
)
 
(4,149
)
Receivables
(106,255
)
 
(91,473
)
Reimbursements for tenant improvements
1,168

 
7,102

Inventory
(674
)
 
1,383

Other assets
5,170

 
3,635

Accounts payable
1,483

 
(29,792
)
Accrued liabilities, including income taxes
(43,355
)
 
(3,096
)
Unearned tuition
(39,320
)
 
(37,804
)
Advance payments
69,744

 
120,743

Total adjustments
648,247

 
528,559

Net cash flows provided by operating activities
172,175

 
286,202

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
Expenditures for long-lived assets
(52,766
)
 
(64,586
)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets
9,565

 
65,065

Reimbursements for tenant improvements
(1,168
)
 
(7,102
)
Net cash flows used in investing activities
(44,369
)
 
(6,623
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
Payments under revolving credit facility
(75,000
)
 
(111,300
)
Repayment of senior notes

 
(162,246
)
Issuance of common stock as a result of stock-option exercises
2,958

 
3

Gross excess tax benefit from share-based compensation
3,417

 

Minimum tax withholding requirements upon restricted stock unit vesting
(3,207
)
 

Principal payments on long-term debt
(9,082
)
 
(9,117
)
Debt issuance costs

 
(4,436
)
Net cash flows used in financing activities
(80,914
)
 
(287,096
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(119
)
 
123

Net change in cash and cash equivalents
46,773

 
(7,394
)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
130,695

 
191,008

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
$
177,468

 
$
183,614

Cash paid (received) during the period for:
 
 
 
Interest (including swap settlement)
$
94,442

 
$
89,705

Income taxes, net of refunds
(2,048
)
 
34,960

 
As of March 31,
Noncash investing activities:
2014
 
2013
Capital expenditures in current liabilities
$
7,497

 
$
7,756


 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

7


EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY

 
Common
Stock at
Par Value (2)
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Treasury
Stock (2)
 
Accumulated Deficit
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Total
 
(In thousands)
Balance at June 30, 2012
$
1,434

 
$
1,777,732

 
$
(328,605
)
 
$
(853,789
)
 
$
(18,037
)
 
$
578,735

Exercise of stock options including tax benefit

 
3

 

 

 

 
3

Share-based compensation
1

 
17,111

 

 

 

 
17,112

Net loss

 

 

 
(244,390
)
 

 
(244,390
)
Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 
4,396

 
4,396

Balance at June 30, 2013
1,435

 
1,794,846

 
(328,605
)
 
(1,098,179
)
 
(13,641
)
(1) 
355,856

(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exercise of stock options
16

 
2,942

 

 

 

 
2,958

Share-based compensation

 
13,536

 

 

 

 
13,536

Minimum tax withholding requirements for restricted stock units

 

 
(3,207
)
 

 

 
(3,207
)
Net excess tax benefit from share-based compensation

 
1,984

 

 

 

 
1,984

Net loss

 

 

 
(476,072
)
 

 
(476,072
)
Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 
3,972

 
3,972

Balance at March 31, 2014
$
1,451

 
$
1,813,308

 
$
(331,812
)
 
$
(1,574,251
)
 
$
(9,669
)
(1) 
$
(100,973
)
 
(1)
The balance in accumulated other comprehensive loss at March 31, 2014, June 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013 was comprised of $8.6 million, $12.7 million and $14.9 million of cumulative unrealized losses on interest rate swaps, net of tax, respectively and $1.1 million, $0.9 million and $0.5 million of a cumulative foreign currency translation loss, respectively.

(2)
There were 600,000,000 authorized shares of par value $0.01 common stock at March 31, 2014, June 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013. There were 124,601,524 outstanding shares of common stock, net of 18,902,140 shares in treasury, at March 31, 2013. Common stock outstanding and treasury stock balances and activity were as follows for the periods indicated.
 
Treasury
 
Net outstanding
Balance at June 30, 2012
18,902,140

 
124,477,807

Issued for stock-based compensation plans

 
123,717

Balance at June 30, 2013
18,902,140

 
124,601,524

Issued for stock-based compensation plans

 
1,607,419

Minimum tax withholding requirements upon restricted stock unit vesting
239,117

 
(239,117
)
Balance at March 31, 2014
19,141,257

 
125,969,826





The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

8


EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


1.
BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Basis of presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Education Management Corporation ("EDMC" and, together with its subsidiaries, the "Company") have been prepared by the Company’s management in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to present fairly the accompanying interim financial statements have been reflected. The consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for future periods. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013 (the “Annual Report on Form 10-K”) as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The accompanying consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2013 and consolidated statement of shareholders' equity for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013 have been derived from the consolidated audited balance sheet and statement of shareholders' equity included in the 2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K and have been adjusted to include the revisions described below.
Revisions and Reclassifications
The goodwill impairment charges from fiscal 2013 and 2012 have been adjusted as further described in Note 5, "Goodwill and Intangible Assets" under “Correction of Immaterial Errors." In addition, certain reclassifications of prior year data have been made to conform to the March 31, 2014 presentation, which did not impact previously reported net loss or shareholders' equity.
Description of Business
The Company is among the largest providers of post-secondary education in North America, with approximately 125,560 enrolled students as of October 2013. The Company offers campus-based education through four different education systems and through online platforms at three of its four education systems, or through a combination of both. These four education systems comprise the Company's reportable segments, which are The Art Institutes, Argosy University, Brown Mackie Colleges and South University. Refer to Note 14, "Segment Reporting" for additional information.
The Company is committed to offering quality academic programs and strives to improve the learning experience for its students to help them achieve their educational goals across the spectrum of in-demand careers. The curriculum is designed with a strong emphasis on applied career-oriented content and is primarily taught by faculty members who possess practical and relevant professional experience in their respective fields.
Ownership
On June 1, 2006, EDMC was acquired by a consortium of private equity investment funds led by Providence Equity Partners, Goldman Sachs Capital Partners and Leeds Equity Partners (collectively, the “Sponsors”). The acquisition was accomplished through the merger of EM Acquisition Corporation into EDMC, with EDMC surviving the merger (the "Transaction") and was financed by equity invested by the Sponsors and other investors, cash on hand and secured and unsecured borrowings. Refer to Note 8, "Short-Term and Long-Term Debt" for more information.
In October 2009, EDMC completed an initial public offering of 23.0 million shares of its common stock, $0.01 par value per share ("Common Stock"), at a per share price of $18.00 (the "Initial Public Offering"). The Sponsors did not sell any of their shares in connection with the Initial Public Offering.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2013, the FASB clarified the presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit when a net operating loss or tax credit carryforward exists.  The clarification requires that an unrecognized tax benefit be presented as a reduction of a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss or tax credit carryforward when settlement of the unrecognized tax benefit using those carryforwards is available pursuant to existing tax law.  The Company's adoption of the FASB clarification had no impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In April 2014, the FASB issued amendments to guidance for reporting discontinued operations and disposals of components of an entity. The amended guidance requires that a disposal representing a strategic shift that has (or will have) a

9


major effect on an entity’s financial results or a business activity classified as held for sale should be reported as discontinued operations. The amendments also expand the disclosure requirements for discontinued operations and add new disclosures for individually significant dispositions that do not qualify as discontinued operations. The amendments are effective prospectively for fiscal years, and interim reporting periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2014 (early adoption is permitted only for disposals that have not been previously reported). The implementation of the amended guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
2. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during a given period. The Company uses the treasury stock method to compute diluted EPS, which assumes that restricted stock units are converted into common stock and that outstanding stock options are exercised and the resulting proceeds are used to acquire shares of common stock at its average market price during the reporting period.
Basic and diluted EPS were calculated as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
For the Nine Months Ended March 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
Net loss
$
(467,646
)
 
$
(260,408
)
 
$
(476,072
)
 
$
(242,357
)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
125,933

 
124,602

 
125,347

 
124,546

Effect of stock-based awards

 

 

 

Diluted
125,933

 
124,602

 
125,347

 
124,546

Loss per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
(3.71
)
 
$
(2.09
)
 
$
(3.80
)
 
$
(1.95
)
Diluted
$
(3.71
)
 
$
(2.09
)
 
$
(3.80
)
 
$
(1.95
)
All outstanding time-based stock options and restricted stock units were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 because the Company recorded a net loss in these periods.
3. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
2012 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan
The Company awards share-based compensation under the Education Management Corporation 2012 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2012 Omnibus Plan”), which replaced the Education Management Corporation Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "2009 Omnibus Plan") that became effective upon the completion of the Initial Public Offering. The 2009 Omnibus Plan and the 2006 Stock Option Plan, which it replaced, are now frozen. The 2012 Omnibus Plan may be used to issue stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other forms of long-term incentive compensation.
The Company amended the 2012 Omnibus Plan in November 2013 to increase the number of shares of Common Stock authorized for issuance by 4.0 million and to allow the Company the ability to grant future cash and stock-based awards that generally have a performance period of one year. As of March 31, 2014, approximately 7.2 million shares of Common Stock remain reserved for issuance under the 2012 Omnibus Plan.
Share-Based Compensation Activity
On November 8, 2013, the Company granted the share-based compensation awards presented in the table below. The fair value of the time-based stock options was determined using a Black-Scholes-Merton model in which the key assumptions are presented below.

10


 
Time-Based Stock Options
 
Restricted Stock Units
Number granted (in millions)
1.5

 
0.6

Fair value per unit
$
7.66

 
$
12.74

Exercise price
$
12.74

 
N/A

Expected dividend yield
0
%
 
N/A

Expected volatility
64
%
 
N/A

Risk free interest rate
1.86
%
 
N/A

Expected term (yrs)
6.25 years

 
N/A

The above awards will vest 25 percent per year and will result in compensation expense of approximately $16.5 million over the four-year service period, net of expected forfeitures. The Company also granted 0.1 million shares of restricted stock to members of its Board of Directors on November 8, 2013, all of which will vest on November 8, 2014.
The Company recognized $3.7 million and $4.3 million of share-based compensation expense during the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $13.5 million and $11.9 million of share-based compensation expense during the nine months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Compensation expense for the nine months ended March 31, 2014 includes additional expense recognized upon the termination of former employees who are no longer required to provide services to obtain certain awards in accordance with the terms of their employment agreements.
The table below presents outstanding share units, unrecognized compensation expense (net of expected forfeitures) and stock options that are exercisable at March 31, 2014:
 
Outstanding (in millions)
 
Unrecognized Compensation Expense (in millions)
 
Exercisable (in 000s)
 
Weighted Average Exercise Price / Share Price
Time-based stock options
10.9

 
$
23.9

 
3.5

 
$
3.57

Restricted stock units
2.4

 
$
11.2

 
N/A

 
$
5.91

Performance-based stock options
1.0

 
$
2.1

 

 
$
3.59

Total
14.3

 
$
37.2

 
3.5

 
 
During the nine month period ended March 31, 2014, the Company issued 1.6 million shares of Common Stock and recorded a gross excess tax benefit of $3.4 million in connection with share-based compensation activity. This gross excess tax benefit and corresponding exercise proceeds of $3.0 million are classified as cash inflows from financing activities in the accompanying consolidated statement of cash flows. In connection with the vesting of restricted stock units that occurred during the nine months ended March 31, 2014, the Company paid $3.2 million in minimum tax withholdings on behalf of its employees, which amount is classified as a cash outflow from financing activities. In exchange, the Company retained 0.2 million shares, which was equal to the value of the required tax withholding payments on the vesting dates.
Performance-based stock options vest upon the greater of (i) the percentage of the Company's common stock sold by certain investment funds affiliated with Providence Equity Partners and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners (together, the "Principal Stockholders") or (ii) certain return on investment hurdles achieved by the Principal Stockholders. As of March 31, 2014, the Company continues to defer recognizing expense on outstanding performance-based stock options until the relevant performance conditions become probable of being met.
4.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment consisted of the following amounts (in thousands):

11


 
Asset Class
March 31, 2014
 
June 30, 2013
 
March 31, 2013
Leasehold improvements
$
570,577

 
570,286

 
$
566,142

Technology and other equipment
324,916

 
324,403

 
320,870

Furniture and equipment
164,202

 
163,595

 
162,503

Software
112,529

 
98,537

 
92,142

Library books
45,368

 
44,248

 
44,130

Construction-in-progress
18,991

 
19,600

 
21,941

Buildings and improvements
11,036

 
25,566

 
25,450

Land
3,905

 
5,496

 
5,496

Total
1,251,524

 
1,251,731

 
1,238,674

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
(808,622
)
 
(726,106
)
 
(694,943
)
Property and equipment, net
$
442,902

 
$
525,625

 
$
543,731

Depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment was $35.5 million and $38.6 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 and $109.6 million and $118.8 million, respectively, for the nine months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013. Depreciation and amortization expense for the nine months ended March 31, 2013 included $4.6 million in accelerated amortization resulting from the write off of a software asset that no longer had a useful life.
On March 31, 2014, the Company completed a sale-leaseback of one of its buildings to an unrelated third party for net proceeds of $9.6 million and recorded a net loss in educational services expense of $3.5 million at closing. During the nine months ended March 31, 2013, the Company completed five sale-leaseback transactions with unrelated third parties for net proceeds of $65.1 million and recorded a net loss of $3.9 million included in educational services expense related to the sale of one of the properties. In connection with the prior year sale-leaseback transactions, a gain of $17.8 million was deferred at December 31, 2012, which is being recognized over the initial terms of the new leases as a reduction to educational services expense. At the time of closing for all transactions, the Company entered into agreements to lease all of these properties back from the purchasers over initial lease terms ranging from three to 15 years. The Company classified these leases as operating and considers them normal leasebacks with no other continuing involvement.
During the current quarter, management determined it would not begin admitting students for one of its start-up Art Institute locations as was previously anticipated.  As a result, the Company recorded a $6.3 million charge in educational services expense during the quarter which was comprised of existing construction-in-progress assets and accelerated rent expense based on the remaining minimum obligations under the existing lease, net of expected sublease income.  In addition, during the nine months ended March 31, 2014, the Company recorded an impairment of long-lived assets of $3.8 million in the consolidated statement of operations as estimated future cash flows at two of the Company's Brown Mackie Colleges locations were insufficient to support the carrying values of their property and equipment. In connection with these charges, the leasehold improvement and construction-in-progress assets at the affected locations were measured at fair value using the discounted cash flow method (income approach) on a non-recurring basis using Level Three inputs as defined in Note 10, "Fair Value of Financial Instruments."

5.
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
In connection with the Transaction on June 1, 2006, the Company recorded approximately $2.6 billion of goodwill, which was allocated to its four reporting units: The Art Institutes, Argosy University, Brown Mackie Colleges and South University. The Company formally evaluates the carrying amount of goodwill for each of its reporting units on April 1 of each fiscal year. In addition, the Company performs an evaluation on an interim basis if it determines that recent events or prevailing conditions indicate a potential impairment of goodwill. A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining whether an indicator of impairment has occurred between annual impairment tests. These indicators include, but are not limited to, overall financial performance such as adverse changes in recent forecasts of operating results, industry and market considerations, the Company's market capitalization, updated business plans and regulatory and legal developments.
A two step process is used to determine the amount to be recorded for an impairment. In the first step, the Company determines the fair value of each reporting unit and compares that value to the reporting unit's carrying value. If the results of this first step indicate the carrying amount of a reporting unit is higher than its fair value, the second step must be performed, which requires that the Company determine the implied fair value of goodwill in the same manner as if it had acquired those

12


reporting units as of the testing date. Under the second step, an impairment is recognized if the carrying amount of a reporting unit’s goodwill is greater than its implied fair value. If an impairment charge is required to be recorded, it is presented as an operating expense in the period in which the goodwill’s carrying value exceeds its new implied fair value.
Correction of Immaterial Errors
During the quarter ended March 31, 2014, the Company identified errors in prior periods in the calculation of deferred taxes that is required in connection with the hypothetical purchase price allocation performed in the step two portion of the goodwill impairment test. The errors in calculating the deferred taxes affected the magnitude of the goodwill impairment charges previously recorded during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, and as a result the goodwill impairment charges in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 were decreased by $23.6 million and $84.5 million, respectively, and decreased previously reported net losses by $23.6 million (net of tax) and $82.2 million (net of tax). In connection with these revisions, the Company's consolidated goodwill balance increased by $108.1 million at March 31, 2013 and June 30, 2013. The impact of these errors was not material to any prior period; however, the aggregate pre-tax amount of the prior period errors of $108.1 million would have been material to the Company's consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2014. Consequently, the Company has corrected the errors by revising the impacted prior period balances on the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes. The balances of periods not presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements will be revised, as applicable, in future filings. These revisions do not impact EBITDA excluding certain expenses as presented in Note 14, "Segment Reporting" nor do they affect the Company’s compliance with debt covenants. The following table summarizes the previously reported and corrected amounts of the impacted balances presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements (in thousands except per share data).

13


 
As Previously Reported
Adjustments
As Adjusted
Statement of Shareholders' Equity for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2013
 
 
 
Accumulated deficit at June 30, 2012
$
(935,960
)
$
82,171

$
(853,789
)
Total shareholders' equity at June 30, 2012
496,564

82,171

578,735

Net loss for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013
(267,976
)
23,586

(244,390
)
 
 
 
 
Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2013
 
 
 
Goodwill
669,090

108,063

777,153

Total assets
2,349,299

108,063

2,457,362

Deferred income taxes liability
88,216

2,306

90,522

Accumulated deficit
(1,201,903
)
105,757

(1,096,146
)
Total shareholders' equity
245,240

105,757

350,997

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
2,349,299

108,063

2,457,362

 
 
 
 
Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2013
 
 
 
Goodwill
669,090

108,063

777,153

Total assets
2,315,293

108,063

2,423,356

Deferred income taxes liability
70,316

2,306

72,622

Accumulated deficit
(1,203,936
)
105,757

(1,098,179
)
Total shareholders' equity
250,099

105,757

355,856

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
2,315,293

108,063

2,423,356

 
 
 
 
Statement of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
 
 
 
Long-lived asset impairments
323,690

(23,586
)
300,104

Net loss
(283,994
)
23,586

(260,408
)
Diluted loss per share
(2.28
)
0.19

(2.09
)
 
 
 
 
Statement of Operations for the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2013
 
 
 
Long-lived asset impairments
323,690

(23,586
)
300,104

Net loss
(265,943
)
23,586

(242,357
)
Diluted loss per share
(2.14
)
0.19

(1.95
)
Current Period Impairment Charge
As previously disclosed, during the second quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company observed declining application trends for future academic terms, particularly at The Art Institutes reporting unit, and performed a sensitivity analysis of its fair value using the most recently completed long range forecast and available earnings multiples of the Company's peer group. This sensitivity analysis resulted in management concluding that none of its reporting units experienced a triggering event that would have required a step one interim goodwill impairment analysis at December 31, 2013. Additionally, The Art Institutes had positive year-over-year growth in new student enrollment during the second fiscal quarter.
During the quarter ended March 31, 2014, new students decreased approximately 16 percent at The Art Institutes compared to the prior year quarter. Due primarily to lower than anticipated application production for future periods at The Art Institutes together with a significant deterioration in the Company's market capitalization and credit rating downgrades during the quarter resulted in management no longer believing that it was more-likely-than-not that the fair values of each of its reporting units exceeded their carrying values at March 31, 2014. As a result, management revised its long-term projections and performed a step one interim goodwill impairment test for each of its reporting units.


14


The results indicated that the Argosy University and South University reporting units had fair values in excess of their carrying values by more than 10 percent and 50 percent, respectively. However, the test indicated that the fair value of The Art Institutes fell below its carrying value as of March 31, 2014. Therefore, a step two test was required to be performed for The Art Institutes reporting unit, which yielded a goodwill impairment charge of $433.7 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2014. None of this charge was deductible for income tax purposes. The entire goodwill balance attributed to the Brown Mackie Colleges reporting unit was written off in connection with impairment charges incurred in fiscal 2012; therefore, it was not considered in this interim impairment test.
The Company estimated the fair value of its reporting units in step one using a combination of the traditional discounted cash flow method (income approach) and the guideline public company method (market approach), which takes into account the relative price and associated earnings multiples of publicly-traded peer companies. These approaches resulted in goodwill of The Art Institutes reporting unit being measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at March 31, 2014 (and March 31, 2013 based on a similar charge incurred in the prior year quarter), which utilized a significant number of unobservable Level Three inputs, such as future cash flow assumptions and discount rate selection. See Note 10, "Fair Value of Financial Instruments" for a definition of Level Three inputs.
The valuation of the Company's reporting units under the traditional discounted cash flow method requires the use of internal business plans that are based on judgments and estimates, which account for expected future economic conditions, demand and pricing for the Company's educational services, costs, inflation and discount rates, and other factors. The use of judgments and estimates involves inherent uncertainties. The Company's measurement of the fair values of its reporting units is dependent on the accuracy of the assumptions used and how the Company's estimates compare to future operating performance. The key assumptions used are, but not limited to, the following:
Future cash flow assumptions — The Company's projections are based on organic growth and are derived from historical experience and assumptions regarding future growth and profitability trends. These projections also take into account the current economic climate and the extent to which the regulatory environment is expected to impact future growth opportunities. The Company's analysis incorporated an assumed period of cash flows of ten years with a terminal value determined using the Gordon Growth Model.
Discount rate — The discount rate is based on each reporting unit’s estimated weighted average cost of capital ("WACC"). The three components of WACC are the cost of equity, cost of debt and capital structure, each of which requires judgment by management to estimate. The Company develops its cost of equity estimate using the Capital Asset Pricing Model based on perceived risks and predictability of each reporting unit’s future cash flows. The cost of debt component represents a market participant’s estimated cost of borrowing, which the Company estimates using the average return on corporate bonds as of the valuation date, adjusted for taxes. At March 31, 2014, the WACC used to estimate the fair value of The Art Institutes reporting unit was 15.0 percent, and the Argosy University and South University reporting units were valued using a WACC of 17.5 percent.
A roll forward of the Company's consolidated goodwill balance from June 30, 2012 to March 31, 2014 is as follows (in thousands):
  

15


 
 
The Art Institutes
 
Argosy University
 
Brown Mackie Colleges
 
South University
 
Total
June 30, 2012:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross
 
$
1,984,688

 
$
219,350

 
$
254,561

 
$
123,400

 
$
2,581,999

Accumulated impairments
 
(1,063,088
)
 
(139,361
)
 
(254,561
)
 
(76,962
)
 
(1,533,972
)
Goodwill at June 30, 2012
 
921,600

 
79,989

 

 
46,438

 
1,048,027

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impairment charge in fiscal 2013
 
(270,874
)
 

 

 

 
(270,874
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2013:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross
 
1,984,688

 
219,350

 
254,561

 
123,400

 
2,581,999

Accumulated impairments
 
(1,333,962
)
 
(139,361
)
 
(254,561
)
 
(76,962
)
 
(1,804,846
)
Goodwill at June 30, 2013
 
650,726

 
79,989

 

 
46,438

 
777,153

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impairment charge in fiscal 2014
 
(433,747
)
 

 

 

 
(433,747
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
March 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross
 
1,984,688

 
219,350

 
254,561

 
123,400

 
2,581,999

Accumulated impairments
 
(1,767,709
)
 
(139,361
)
 
(254,561
)
 
(76,962
)
 
(2,238,593
)
Goodwill at March 31, 2014
 
$
216,979

 
$
79,989

 
$

 
$
46,438

 
$
343,406

Intangible Assets
In connection with the step one and step two goodwill analyses performed as of March 31, 2014 described above, the Company performed an impairment analysis with respect to indefinite-lived intangible assets. The fair value of The Art Institutes trade name was determined under the relief from royalty method (income approach), which is the same method the Company used to value this asset at the Transaction date. The relief from royalty method focuses on the level of royalty payments that the user of an intangible asset would have to pay a third party for the use of the asset if it were not owned by the user.
As a result of this analysis, the Company was required to record a $75.5 million impairment related to the trade name of The Art Institutes in the quarter ended March 31, 2014, which is in addition to a $28.0 million impairment that was recorded in the quarter ended March 31, 2013. Accordingly, the trade name of The Art Institutes was measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at March 31, 2014 and 2013, which utilized unobservable Level Three inputs consisting of a 15.5 percent discount rate and a 1.5 percent and 2.0 percent royalty rate in fiscal 2014 and 2013, respectively. The royalty rate decreased by 0.5 percent in the current year due primarily to reductions in long term revenue forecasts at The Art Institutes compared to the prior year long range projections.
The remaining indefinite-lived intangible assets relate to each reporting unit's licensing, accreditation and Title IV program participation assets, the fair values of which were determined under a combination of the cost and income approaches. No impairment was recorded for these assets during the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 as their estimated fair values were not below their carrying values.
    Intangible assets other than goodwill consisted of the following amounts (in thousands): 

16


 
March 31, 2014
 
June 30, 2013
 
March 31, 2013
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
The Art Institutes trade name
$
114,500

 
$

 
$
190,000

 
$

 
$
190,000

 
$

Licensing, accreditation and Title IV program participation
95,862

 

 
95,862

 

 
95,862

 

Curriculum and programs
45,615

 
(34,859
)
 
43,575

 
(32,596
)
 
42,434

 
(31,385
)
Student contracts, applications and relationships
39,511

 
(38,215
)
 
39,511

 
(37,381
)
 
39,511

 
(37,104
)
Favorable leases and other
19,424

 
(18,556
)
 
19,424

 
(17,960
)
 
19,424

 
(17,703
)
Total intangible assets
$
314,912

 
$
(91,630
)
 
$
388,372

 
$
(87,937
)
 
$
387,231

 
$
(86,192
)
The Company considers The Art Institutes reporting unit trade name to have a useful life similar to that of the overall business; accordingly, it was assigned an indefinite life.  State licenses and accreditations of the Company’s schools, as well as their eligibility for Title IV program participation, are periodically renewed in cycles ranging from every one to up to every ten years depending upon government and accreditation regulations. Because the Company considers these renewal processes to be a routine aspect of the overall business, these assets were originally assigned indefinite lives at the Transaction date and annual renewal costs are expensed as incurred.
Amortization of intangible assets was $1.6 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and $4.7 million and $4.9 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013. Total estimated amortization of the Company’s intangible assets for each of the fiscal years ending June 30, 2014 through 2018 was as follows at March 31, 2014 (in thousands): 
Fiscal years
Amortization
Expense
2014 (remainder)
$
1,803

2015
6,815

2016
3,826

2017
425

2018
51

6.
STUDENT RECEIVABLES    
The Company records student receivables at cost less an estimated allowance for doubtful accounts, which is determined on a quarterly basis based on the likelihood of collection considering students' enrollment status and historical payment experience. For example, receivables from students who are out-of-school are reserved for at a higher rate than the receivables from students who are in-school. When certain criteria are met, which is generally when receivables age past the due date by more than four months, and internal collection measures have been taken without success, the accounts of former students are placed with a collection agency. Student accounts that have been placed with a collection agency are reserved for at a very high rate and are written off after collection attempts have been unsuccessful.
Student receivables include $28.1 million (net of $30.6 million allowance), $24.3 million (net of $27.9 million allowance), and $22.0 million (net of $23.8 million allowance) recorded in other long-term assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2014, June 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, respectively. These amounts relate to the extension of credit to students for amounts due beyond one year, which helps students fund the difference between total tuition and fees and the amount covered by various sources of financial aid, including amounts awarded under Title IV programs and private loans. During fiscal 2013, the Company extended the repayment period for financing made available to students from a maximum of 36 months beyond graduation to a maximum of 42 months beyond graduation. The majority of applicable accounts incur interest charges that accrue each month on unpaid balances except for those accounts that have been placed into collections. The gross short-term and long-term student receivables by student status were as follows (in thousands):
 
March 31, 2014
 
June 30, 2013
 
March 31, 2013
In-school
$
205,602

 
$
194,062

 
$
181,777

Out-of-school
206,003

 
239,330

 
194,903

Gross student receivables
$
411,605

 
$
433,392

 
$
376,680


17


The Company commenced a program in fiscal 2013 under which it purchases loans awarded and disbursed to its students from a private lender. The Company has awarded approximately $15 million of aid under this program as of March 31, 2014, all of which has been purchased and recorded in other long-term assets, net of an allowance.
Details surrounding the Company's total allowance for doubtful accounts, including reserves related to student and other related receivables and loan loss reserves is as follows (in thousands):
Balance June 30, 2012
$
250,282

Bad debt expense
171,850

Amounts written off
(213,884
)
Balance June 30, 2013
208,248

Bad debt expense
124,979

Amounts written off
(112,949
)
Balance March 31, 2014
$
220,278

The amounts set forth above are recorded within student receivables, net and other long-term assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Recoveries of amounts previously written off were not significant in any period presented.
7.
ACCRUED LIABILITIES
Accrued liabilities consisted of the following amounts (in thousands):
 
March 31, 2014
 
June 30, 2013
 
March 31, 2013
Payroll and related taxes
$
60,868

 
$
39,330

 
$
57,598

Advertising
26,668

 
33,010

 
25,032

Benefits
11,862

 
16,235

 
15,482

Interest
283

 
10,416

 
3,391

Capital expenditures
4,991

 
4,113

 
4,310

Other
66,576

 
54,313

 
42,969

Total accrued liabilities
$
171,248

 
$
157,417

 
$
148,782

Over the past several fiscal years, the Company has completed restructuring plans across the organization intended to improve operational efficiencies and align costs with student enrollment levels. During the nine months ended March 31, 2014, the Company recorded restructuring expenses in educational services expense and general and administrative expense totaling $16.9 million, which consisted of employee severance charges of $15.1 million and lease restructuring charges of $1.8 million. At March 31, 2014, the remaining liability for all restructuring plans was $11.9 million, consisting primarily of employee severance amounts in which the significant majority will be paid through June 30, 2014 and net rent charges that will be paid through the remaining lease terms.
As further described in Note 12, "Contingencies," the Company is involved in multiple legal matters. The increase in other accrued liabilities since March 31, 2013 primarily relates to amounts that have been recorded for such matters, the majority of which is offset by receivables from the Company's insurers that have been recorded in other current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
8.
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM DEBT
U.S. Department of Education Letters of Credit
The Company had outstanding letters of credit of $354.0 million at March 31, 2014, the largest of which is issued to the U.S. Department of Education, which requires the Company to maintain a letter of credit due to its failure to satisfy certain regulatory financial ratios after giving effect to the Transaction. The amount of this letter of credit was $348.6 million at March 31, 2014, which equals 15 percent of the total Title IV aid received by students who attended the Company’s institutions during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2012. At March 31, 2014, in order to fund its current letter of credit obligation to the U.S. Department of Education, the Company utilized all $200.0 million of capacity under two cash secured letter of credit facilities, in connection with which the Company classifies $210.0 million as restricted cash to satisfy the 105 percent collateralization requirement. Such cash is not available for any purpose other than to reimburse drawings under the letters of credit or to pay

18


related fees and obligations. The remaining portion of the letter of credit requirement with the U.S. Department of Education was funded with $148.6 million in letters of credit under the revolving credit facility, which expires on June 1, 2015.
During the current quarter, the U.S. Department of Education decreased its letter of credit requirement from $348.6 million to $302.2 million, which equals 15 percent of total Title IV aid received by students who attended the Company's institutions during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013. Subsequent to March 31, 2014, the Company formally reduced the letters of credit in favor of the U.S. Department of Education to the $302.2 million that is currently required, thereby increasing the amount available for borrowings under the revolver.
The cash secured letter of credit facilities were amended in April 2014 to extend their maturities from July 8, 2014 to June 1, 2015 or earlier if the existing revolving credit facility is terminated. Any future reduction in the usage of the cash secured letter of credit facilities will reduce the amount of cash that is classified as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheet.
Short-Term Debt
At June 30, 2013, there were $75.0 million of borrowings outstanding under the $328.3 million revolving credit facility, all of which was repaid in full on July 1, 2013. The Company borrows against the revolving credit facility at each fiscal year-end for regulatory purposes and repays outstanding amounts at the beginning of the next fiscal year. No borrowings were outstanding under the revolving credit facility at March 31, 2014 and 2013. After adjusting for outstanding letters of credit, which decrease availability thereunder, the Company had $174.3 million of additional capacity under the revolving credit facility at March 31, 2014 available for borrowings or the issuance of letters of credit, which increased to $220.7 million in April 2014 due to the $46.4 million decrease in the letter of credit required to be posted with the U.S. Department of Education. On April 29, 2014, the Company borrowed $220.5 million on the revolving credit facility in connection with ongoing negotiations with the Company's lenders.
The interest rate on amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility at June 30, 2013 and April 30, 2014 was 6.25 percent, which is equal to the prime rate as defined under the credit facility plus a margin of 3.00 percent. The applicable margin for borrowings under the revolving credit facility can change depending on the Company's leverage ratios and credit ratings. Education Management LLC ("EM LLC"), an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, is obligated to pay a per annum commitment fee on undrawn amounts under the revolving credit facility, which is currently 0.375 percent and varies based on certain leverage ratios. EM LLC must also pay customary letter of credit fees for outstanding letters of credit under the revolving credit facility, which is secured by certain of the Company’s assets and is subject to the Company’s satisfaction of certain covenants and financial ratios described further below.
Long-Term Debt
The Company’s long-term debt consisted of the following amounts (in thousands):
 
 
March 31, 2014
 
June 30, 2013
 
March 31, 2013
Senior secured term loan facility, due in June 2016 ("Tranche C-2 Loan")
$
730,391

 
$
736,454

 
$
738,476

Senior secured term loan facility, due in March 2018, net of discount of $2,440, $2,898 and $3,050 ("Tranche C-3 Loan")
339,981

 
342,364

 
343,159

Senior cash pay/PIK notes due 2018, net of discount of $23,680, $27,712 and $29,074 ("PIK Notes")
213,489

 
206,242

 
203,826

Other

 
180

 
9,959

Total long-term debt
1,283,861

 
1,285,240

 
1,295,420

Less current portion
(11,875
)
 
(12,076
)
 
(12,076
)
Total long-term debt, less current portion
$
1,271,986

 
$
1,273,164

 
$
1,283,344

The Tranche C-3 Loan bears interest at a rate equal to the greater of three-month LIBOR or 1.25 percent, plus a margin of 7.0 percent, which yielded an interest rate of 8.25 percent at March 31, 2014, June 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013.  The Tranche C-2 Loan bears interest at a rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a margin of 4.00 percent, which yielded an interest rate of 4.25 percent at March 31, 2014 and 4.31 percent and at June 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013.
Cash interest on the PIK Notes accrues at the rate of 15.0 percent per annum and is payable semi-annually on March 30 and September 30. For any interest period after March 30, 2014 up to and including July 1, 2018, interest in addition to the cash interest payable will be paid by increasing the principal amount of the outstanding PIK Notes (“PIK Interest”). Additionally, the PIK Notes are required to be paid at a premium of 13.0 percent at their contractual maturity, which is recorded

19


as an original issuance discount. Including PIK Interest and the original issuance discount, the annual effective interest rate on the PIK Notes is 19.8 percent.
Covenant Compliance
The credit agreement and indenture governing the senior secured credit facilities and PIK Notes, respectively, contain a number of covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, EM LLC’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends and distributions on or repurchase capital stock, create liens on assets, repay subordinated indebtedness, make investments, loans or advances, make capital expenditures, engage in certain transactions with affiliates, amend certain material agreements, change its lines of business, sell assets and engage in mergers or consolidations. In addition, EM LLC is required to satisfy and maintain a maximum total leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio under the senior secured credit facilities on a quarterly basis. EM LLC met the requirements of these two financial covenants for the twelve month period ended March 31, 2014.
While the Company has continued to satisfy applicable financial covenant compliance ratios, the margin between the actual results and the covenant requirements has decreased significantly over the past 12 months due to declining operating performance. Based on revised projections for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company believes it will likely not satisfy its financial covenant compliance ratios for the twelve month period ending June 30, 2014. A violation of these covenants, unless waived by the lenders or otherwise cured, would constitute an event of default under the senior secured credit facilities and indenture pursuant to which the PIK Notes were issued, thereby allowing the lenders to demand immediate payment in full of all amounts outstanding and terminate their obligations to make additional loans and issue new letters of credit under the revolving credit facility.
The Company is currently in discussions with its lenders with respect to the potential violation of the financial ratio covenants with a view toward obtaining amendments to the debt agreement or a waiver of the covenants so as to be in compliance as of June 30, 2014. While the Company believes it can negotiate an acceptable resolution, it may not be able to negotiate such amendments or waiver and such amendments or waiver may not be on terms the Company finds to be acceptable. If the Company is unable to obtain a waiver from its lenders or amend the terms of its existing debt agreements on acceptable terms, it would have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position.
Exchange Offer
On March 5, 2013, EM LLC and Education Management Finance Corp. (a wholly-owned subsidiary of EM LLC) completed a private exchange offer (the "Exchange Offer"). In connection with the Exchange Offer, the Company issued $203.0 million of PIK Notes and paid down $162.2 million of senior notes with cash on hand. In addition, the Company incurred $5.2 million of fees to third parties that were reported as a loss on debt refinancing in the consolidated statement of operations during the prior year period. The remaining senior notes of $9.7 million, which were not tendered in the Exchange Offer, were extinguished in April 2013 at par.
9.
DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
The Company has historically utilized interest rate swap agreements, which are contractual agreements to exchange payments based on underlying interest rates, to manage the floating rate portion of its term debt. The Company currently holds two interest rate swap agreements, one of which was entered into with an affiliate of one of the Sponsors, that are for notional amounts of $312.5 million each and effectively fix future interest payments at a rate of 6.26 percent through June 1, 2015. Because both interest rate swaps are deemed to be highly effective, they qualify for cash flow hedge accounting treatment and changes in their fair values are recorded in other comprehensive income or loss. The Company uses Level Two inputs to value its interest rate swaps as defined in Note 10, "Fair Value of Financial Instruments," which includes obtaining quotes from counter-parties that are based on LIBOR forward curves and assessing non-performance risk based upon published market data.
At March 31, 2014, there was a cumulative unrealized loss of $8.6 million, net of tax, related to the Company's interest rate swaps included in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. This unrealized loss would be recognized in the consolidated statement of operations immediately if the forecasted cash flows being hedged did not occur.  The fair values of the interest rate swap liabilities were $13.6 million, $20.2 million and $24.2 million at March 31, 2014, June 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013, respectively, and were recorded in other long-term liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Over the next twelve months, the Company estimates that approximately $8.0 million, net of tax, will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to the consolidated statement of operations based on current interest rates and underlying debt obligations at March 31, 2014.
10.
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 
The Company determines the fair value of assets and liabilities based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an

20


orderly transaction between market participants. The fair value hierarchy is based on whether the inputs to valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company's own assumptions of what market participants would use. The fair value hierarchy includes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value as described below.
Level One - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Level Two - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations for which all significant inputs are observable market data.
Level Three - Unobservable inputs significant to the fair value measurement supported by little or no market activity.
In some cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may meet the definition of more than one level of fair value hierarchy. The lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its totality determines the applicable level in the fair value hierarchy.
The following table presents the carrying amounts and fair values of the interest rate swap liabilities, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis based on the framework described in Note 9, "Derivative Instruments," and the fair values of the Company's debt, which is recorded at carrying value (in thousands):
 
March 31, 2014
 
June 30, 2013
 
March 31, 2013
 
Carrying Value
Level Two
Level Three
 
Carrying Value
Level Two
Level Three
 
Carrying Value
Level Two
Level Three
Recurring:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap liabilities
$
13,637

$
13,637

$

 
$
20,232

$
20,232


 
$
24,206

$
24,206

$

Disclosure only:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Variable rate debt
1,070,372

1,002,103


 
1,078,818

962,134


 
1,081,635

918,467


Fixed rate debt
213,489


229,501

 
206,422


206,422

 
213,785


213,785

The fair values of the Company’s variable rate debt at the dates presented above were based on each instrument’s trading value in markets that are not active. The estimated fair value of the Company's variable rate debt decreased to $825.3 million on May 1, 2014.
The Company's fixed rate debt is comprised of the Company's PIK Notes, on which there is currently no observable trading; therefore, the fair value of the PIK Notes at March 31, 2014 was estimated using a premium of 107.5, which is the current call price. Student accounts receivable, notes receivable and the revolving credit facility have fair values that approximate their carrying values.
11.
INCOME TAXES
The Company incurred cumulative losses before taxes in the three most recent fiscal years ended June 30, 2013 primarily due to long-lived asset impairment charges recorded in fiscal 2013 and 2012, most of which were not deductible. Absent these impairment charges, the Company would have recorded pre-tax earnings in fiscal 2013 and 2012. Management considered the cumulative loss it recorded during these periods for book purposes and concluded that it was more-likely-than-not that the Company's deferred tax assets would be realized except as disclosed in Part II, Item 8 "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," Note 11, "Income Taxes" of the June 30, 2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K with respect to certain state deferred tax assets.
The Company's effective tax rates differ from the combined federal and state statutory rates due to valuation allowances, expenses that are non-deductible for tax purposes, discrete items and the accounting related to uncertain tax positions. In addition, the Company's effective tax rates in the three and nine months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 were significantly impacted by goodwill impairment charges, none of which were deductible for income tax purposes. Further, the effective tax rates for the current three-month and nine-month periods were impacted by the disproportionate impact that discrete items had on low earnings as well as other permanent tax differences, which have remained relatively consistent period over period.
The three and nine months ended March 31, 2014 include a deferred tax benefit of approximately $3.3 million, recorded as a discrete item, resulting from the March 2014 enactment of tax reform in the state of New York which in addition to other amendments, changed the state's corporate income tax rate, the tax filing methodology, and how revenues from the sale of services are sourced for New York income tax purposes. In addition, the current nine-month period includes a deferred tax benefit of approximately $3.2 million, recorded as a discrete item, resulting from the July 2013 enactment of Pennsylvania House Bill No. 465 which, in addition to other amendments, changes how revenues from the sale of services are sourced for Pennsylvania income tax purposes.

21


As a result of the expiration of certain statutes of limitation with respect to the 2010 and 2009 fiscal years, the Company's liability for uncertain tax positions, excluding interest and the indirect benefits associated with state income taxes, decreased by$3.0 million and $0.7 million during the three month periods ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. As of March 31, 2014, the Company's liability for uncertain tax positions was $1.0 million, excluding interest and the indirect benefits associated with state income taxes. It is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and the indirect benefits associated with state income taxes, will decrease by $0.9 million within the next twelve months due to the expiration of certain statutes of limitation with respect to the 2011 fiscal year. The tax benefit of such a decrease, if recognized, would be a discrete item in the third quarter of the fiscal year ending June 30, 2015.
The statutes of limitation for the Company's U.S. income tax return are closed for years through fiscal 2010. The statutes of limitation for the Company's state and local income tax returns for prior periods vary by jurisdiction. However, the statutes of limitation with respect to the major jurisdictions in which the Company files state and local income tax returns are generally closed for years through fiscal 2009.
12. CONTINGENCIES
Qui Tam Matters
Washington v. Education Management Corporation. On May 3, 2011, a qui tam action captioned United States of America, and the States of California, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York and Tennessee, and the District of Columbia, each ex rel. Lynntoya Washington and Michael T. Mahoney v. Education Management Corporation, et al. (“Washington”) filed under the federal False Claims Act in April 2007 was unsealed due to the U.S. Department of Justice's decision to intervene in the case. Five of the states listed on the case caption joined the case based on qui tam actions filed under their respective False Claims Acts. The Court granted the Company's motion to dismiss the District of Columbia from the case and denied the Commonwealth of Kentucky's motion to intervene in the case under its consumer protection laws.
The case, which is pending in federal district court in the Western District of Pennsylvania, relates to whether the Company's compensation plans for admission representatives violated the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended ("HEA"), and U.S. Department of Education regulations prohibiting an institution participating in Title IV programs from providing any commission, bonus or other incentive payment based directly or indirectly on success in securing enrollments to any person or entity engaged in any student recruitment or admissions activity during the period of July 1, 2003 through June 30, 2011. The complaint was initially filed by a former admissions representative at The Art Institute of Pittsburgh Online Division and a former director of training at EDMC Online Higher Education and asserts the relators are entitled to recover treble the amount of actual damages allegedly sustained by the federal government as a result of the alleged activity, plus civil monetary penalties. The complaint does not specify the amount of damages sought but claims that the Company and/or students attending the Company's schools received over $11 billion in funds from participation in Title IV programs and state financial aid programs during the period of alleged wrongdoing.
On May 11, 2012, the Court ruled on the Company's motion to dismiss case for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, dismissing the claims that the design of the Company's compensation plan for admissions representatives violated the incentive compensation rule and allowing common law claims and the allegations that the plan as implemented violated the rule to continue to discovery.  The Company believes the case to be without merit and intends to vigorously defend itself. From time to time, the Company engages in settlement discussions with respect to this case.  There can be no assurance that these conversations will lead to a settlement acceptable to all parties and approved by all parties.   There can also be no assurance that any settlement will be within amounts currently accrued or be covered by insurance or not be material to the Company. 
Sobek v. Education Management Corporation. On March 13, 2012, a qui tam action captioned United States of America, ex rel. Jason Sobek v. Education Management Corporation, et al. filed under the federal False Claims Act on January 28, 2010 was unsealed after the U.S. Department of Justice declined to intervene in the case. The case, which is pending in the federal district court in the Western District of Pennsylvania, alleges that the defendants violated the U.S. Department of Education's regulation prohibiting institutions from making substantial misrepresentations to prospective students, did not adequately track student academic progress and violated the U.S. Department of Education's prohibition on the payment of incentive compensation to admissions representatives. The complaint was filed by a former project associate director of admissions at EDMC Online Higher Education who worked for South University and asserts the relator is entitled to recover treble the amount of actual damages allegedly sustained by the federal government as a result of the alleged activity, plus civil monetary penalties. The complaint does not specify the amount of damages sought but claims that the Company's institutions were ineligible to participate in Title IV programs during the period of alleged wrongdoing.
In August 2013, the parties to the action, along with the U.S. Department of Justice, participated in a private mediation in which the relator and defendants reached an agreement in principle regarding the financial terms of a potential settlement. The

22


agreement between the parties remains subject to approval by the U.S. Department of Justice. Significant terms remain to be negotiated, and there is no certainty that a final agreement will be reached. The settlement amount agreed to by the parties under the terms of the agreement in principle would be paid by the Company's insurer and the Company would pay an immaterial amount of attorneys' fees incurred by the relator. The ultimate dismissal of the action, should a final settlement be reached, is subject to the Court's approval.
In the course of settlement discussions regarding the Sobek matter, the U.S. Department of Justice informed the Company that it is the subject of an investigation related to a claim under the federal false claims act by the U. S. Attorney’s Office for the Middle District of Tennessee. Additionally, in March 2014 the U.S. Department of Justice informed the Company that it is the subject of an investigation related to a claim under the federal false claims act by the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Western District of Pennsylvania. The Company plans to cooperate with the U.S. Department of Justice with regard to these matters. However, the Company cannot predict the eventual scope, duration or outcome of the investigations at this time.
Shareholder Derivative Lawsuits
On May 21, 2012, a shareholder derivative class action captioned Oklahoma Law Enforcement Retirement System v. Todd S. Nelson, et al. was filed against the directors of the Company in state court located in Pittsburgh, PA. The Company is named as a nominal defendant in the case. The complaint alleges that the defendants violated their fiduciary obligations to the Company's shareholders due to the Company's violation of the U.S. Department of Education's prohibition on paying incentive compensation to admissions representatives, engaging in improper recruiting tactics in violation of Title IV of the HEA and accrediting agency standards, improper classification of job placement data for graduates of its schools and failure to satisfy the U.S. Department of Education's financial responsibility standards. The Company previously received two demand letters from the plaintiff which were investigated by a Special Litigation Committee of the Board of Directors and found to be without merit.
The Company and the director defendants filed a motion to dismiss the case with prejudice on August 13, 2012. In response, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint making substantially the same allegations as the initial complaint on September 27, 2012. The Company and the director defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint on October 17, 2012. On July 16, 2013, the Court dismissed the claims that the Company engaged in improper recruiting tactics and mismanaged the Company's financial well-being with prejudice and found that the Special Litigation Committee could conduct a supplemental investigation of the plaintiff's claims related to incentive compensation paid to admissions representatives and graduate placement statistics. The Special Litigation Committee filed supplemental reports on October 15, 2013, January 9, 2014 and February 28, 2014, finding no support for the incentive compensation and graduate placement statistic claims. The Court held a hearing on the defendants' supplemental motion to dismiss the case on January 29, 2014.
On August 3, 2012, a shareholder derivative class action captioned Stephen Bushansky v. Todd S. Nelson, et al. was filed against certain of the directors of the Company in federal district court in the Western District of Pennsylvania. The Company is named as a nominal defendant in the case. The complaint alleges that the defendants violated their fiduciary obligations to the Company's shareholders due to the Company's use of improper recruiting, enrollment admission and financial aid practices and violation of the U.S. Department of Education's prohibition on the payment of incentive compensation to admissions representatives. The Company previously received a demand letter from the plaintiff which was investigated by a Special Litigation Committee of the Board of Directors and found to be without merit. The Company believes that the claims set forth in the complaint are without merit and intends to vigorously defend itself. The Company and the named director defendants filed a motion to stay the litigation pending the resolution of the Oklahoma Law Enforcement Retirement System shareholder derivative case or, alternatively, dismiss the case on October 19, 2012. On August 5, 2013, the Court granted the Company's motion to stay the case in light of the ruling on the defendants' motion to dismiss the Oklahoma Law Enforcement Retirement System case.
OIG Subpoena
On May 24, 2013, the Company received a subpoena from the Office of Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Education requesting policies and procedures related to Argosy University's attendance, withdrawal and return to Title IV policies during the period of July 1, 2010 through December 31, 2011 and detailed information on a number of students who enrolled in Argosy University's Bachelor's of Psychology degree program. The Company plans to cooperate with the Office of Inspector General in connection with its investigation. However, the Company cannot predict the eventual scope, duration or outcome of the investigation at this time.
State Attorneys General Investigations
The Company received inquiries from 13 states in January 2014 and an additional state in March 2014 regarding the Company’s business practices. The Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania informed the Company that it will serve as the point of contact for the inquiries related to the Company. The inquiries focus on the Company's practices relating to the recruitment of students, graduate placement statistics, graduate certification and licensing results, and student lending

23


activities, among other matters. Several other companies in the proprietary education industry have disclosed that they received similar inquiries. The Company intends to cooperate with the states involved and cannot predict the eventual scope, duration or outcome of the investigation at this time.
In January 2013, The New England Institute of Art received a civil investigative demand from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Attorney General requesting information for the period from January 1, 2010 to the present pursuant to an investigation of practices by the school in connection with marketing and advertising job placement and student outcomes, the recruitment of students and the financing of education. The Company previously responded to a similar request that The New England Institute of Art received in June 2007 and intends to cooperate with the Attorney General in connection with its investigation. However, the Company cannot predict the eventual scope, duration or outcome of the investigation at this time.
In August 2011, the Company received a subpoena from the Attorney General of the State of New York requesting documents and detailed information for the time period of January 1, 2000 through the present. The Art Institute of New York City is the Company's only school located in New York though the subpoena also addresses fully-online students who reside in the State. The subpoena is primarily related to the Company's compensation of admissions representatives and recruiting activities. The relators in the Washington qui tam case filed the complaint under the State of New York's False Claims Act though the state has not announced an intention to intervene in the matter. The Company intends to cooperate with the investigation. However, the Company cannot predict the eventual scope, duration or outcome of the investigation at this time.
In December 2010, the Company received a subpoena from the Office of Consumer Protection of the Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Kentucky requesting documents and detailed information for the time period of January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2010. The Company has three Brown Mackie College locations in Kentucky. The Kentucky Attorney General announced an investigation of the business practices of proprietary post-secondary schools and that subpoenas were issued to six proprietary colleges that do business in Kentucky in connection with the investigation. The Company intends to continue to cooperate with the investigation. However, the Company cannot predict the eventual scope, duration or outcome of the investigation at this time.
In October 2010, Argosy University received a subpoena from the Florida Attorney General's office seeking a wide range of documents related to the Company's institutions, including the nine institutions located in Florida, from January 2, 2006 to the present. The Florida Attorney General has announced that it is investigating potential misrepresentations in recruitment, financial aid and other areas. The Company is cooperating with the investigation, but has also filed a suit to quash or limit the subpoena and to protect information sought that constitutes proprietary or trade secret information. The Company cannot predict the eventual scope, duration or outcome of the investigation at this time.
City of San Francisco
In December 2011, the Company received a letter from the City Attorney of the City of San Francisco, California requesting information related to student recruitment and indebtedness, including recruiting practices and job placement reporting, among other issues, by The Art Institute of San Francisco and the seven other Art Institutes located in California. The Company has engaged in settlement discussions with the City Attorney's Office in order to explore a potential resolution of the investigation and recorded a pre-tax charge of $4.4 million during the nine month period ended March 31, 2014 which represents the Company’s best estimate of the loss related to this matter. Under the proposed settlement, the Company would provide scholarships to students attending The Art Institute of California - San Francisco and the other Art Institutes located in California and pay an amount to the City Attorney’s Office to reimburse it for the costs of the investigation and carry out the purposes of the agreement. Settlement discussions continue with the City Attorney’s Office and the actual amount of any settlement will not be known until a final agreement, if any, is reached.
Securities and Exchange Commission Subpoenas
On March 20, 2013, the Company received a subpoena from the Division of Enforcement of the Securities and Exchange Commission requesting documents and information relating to the Company's valuation of goodwill and its bad debt allowance for student receivables. The Company received a second subpoena from the Division of Enforcement on May 13, 2013 which requests documents and information related to the letters of credit posted with the U.S. Department of Education. The Company intends to cooperate with the SEC in its investigation. The Company cannot predict the eventual scope, duration or outcome of the investigation at this time.
Argosy University, Seattle APA Program Accreditation Lawsuits
In August 2013, a petition was filed in the Superior Court of the State of Washington (King County) in the case of Winters, et al. v. Argosy Education Group, et al. by 20 former students in the Clinical Psychology program offered by the Seattle campus of Argosy University. In December 2013, a similar petition was filed in the same court in the case of McMath, et al. v. Argosy Education Group, et al. by nine former students in the Clinical Psychology program offered by the Seattle campus of Argosy University. Both cases allege negligent misrepresentation due to the failure of the Clinical Psychology program to obtain accreditation from the American Psychology Association ("APA"), breach of contract, violation of the

24


Washington State Consumer Protection Act, negligent infliction of emotional distress, negligence and lack of institutional control, negligent misrepresentation, breach of fiduciary duty, negligent failure to disclose and fraud.  The Seattle campus of Argosy University announced that it was teaching-out (i.e., not accepting new students into the program) the Clinical Psychology program in November 2011 due to the inability to obtain APA accreditation. The Company believes the claims in the lawsuits to be without merit and intends to vigorously defend itself.
New England Institute of Art Show Cause Order
On May 7, 2014, The New England Institute of Art (“NEIA”) received a “show cause” order from its institutional accreditor, the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (“NEASC”). Under the show cause order, NEIA must demonstrate to NEASC why its institutional accreditation should not be withdrawn. The NEASC Commission on Institutions of Higher Education (the "Commission"), in response to a five year progress report submitted by NEIA, issued the show cause order to NEIA due to significant concerns about NEIA's ability to meet NEASC's Standards for Accreditation related to financial resources, organization and governance, faculty, students, and library and other information resources. NEIA will respond to the issues identified by the Commission at a meeting of the Commission to be held in September 2014. In the event that NEIA demonstrates that it has a viable plan to come into compliance with NEASC’s Standards for Accreditation, NEIA would be placed on probation for a two year period. In the event that NEIA's request for probation is denied by the Commission, NEIA could appeal to an appeals panel established by NEASC of individuals who were not involved in the initial decision but who are familiar with the Standards for Accreditation and the related policies. As of March 31, 2014, approximately 600 students attended NEIA, which is one of fifty Art Institute schools.
Other Matters
The Company is a defendant in certain other legal proceedings arising out of the conduct of its business.  Additionally, the Company is subject to compliance reviews by various state and federal agencies which provide student financial aid programs, of which noncompliance may result in liability for educational benefits paid as well as fines and other corrective action.  The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs is currently conducting a compliance review of one of the Company's schools and has advised the Company that it intends to conduct reviews of four additional schools during fiscal 2014. As disclosed in 2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K, with regard to the review that has begun, the U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs has not yet issued a report of its findings, but has informed the Company that it has identified instances in which the school failed to notify the U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs of circumstances where students receiving educational benefits failed to pursue a course, which the Company has been informed may in turn give rise to a refund obligation by students. The Company may be required, or may elect, to reimburse the U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs for adjustments to the amount of educational benefits paid by the U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs to the affected students. In the opinion of management, based upon an investigation of these matters and discussion with legal counsel, the ultimate outcome of such other legal proceedings and compliance reviews, individually and in the aggregate, is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or liquidity. 
13. GUARANTOR SUBSIDIARIES FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The PIK Notes described in Note 8, "Short-Term and Long-Term Debt," are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by EDMC and all of EM LLC’s existing direct and indirect domestic restricted subsidiaries, other than any subsidiary that directly owns or operates a school, or has been formed for such purposes, and subsidiaries that have no material assets (collectively, the “Guarantor Subsidiaries”). All other subsidiaries of EM LLC, either direct or indirect, (the “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”) do not guarantee the PIK Notes.
The following tables present the condensed consolidated financial position of EM LLC, the Guarantor Subsidiaries, the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and EDMC as of March 31, 2014, June 30, 2013 and March 31, 2013. The results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 and the condensed statements of cash flows for the nine months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 are presented for EM LLC, the Guarantor Subsidiaries, the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and EDMC.

25


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
March 31, 2014 (In thousands)
 
 
EM LLC
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
EM LLC
Consolidated
EDMC
Eliminations
EDMC
Consolidated
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
173,474

$
222

$
3,772

$

$
177,468

$

$

$
177,468

Restricted cash
46,959


225,131


272,090



272,090

Student and other receivables, net
9,836

(4
)
210,191


220,023



220,023

Other current assets
29,359

574

113,010


142,943



142,943

Total current assets
259,628

792

552,104


812,524



812,524

Property and equipment, net
62,613

5,740

374,549


442,902



442,902

Goodwill
7,328


336,078


343,406



343,406

Intangible assets, net
914

21

222,347


223,282



223,282

Other long-term assets
4,937


50,299


55,236



55,236

Inter-company balances
207,117

(32,829
)
(358,512
)

(184,224
)
184,224



Investment in subsidiaries
497,830



(497,830
)

(284,816
)
284,816


Total assets
$
1,040,367

$
(26,276
)
$
1,176,865

$
(497,830
)
$
1,693,126

$
(100,592
)
$
284,816

$
1,877,350

Liabilities and shareholders’ (deficit) equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current portion of long-term debt
$
11,875

$

$

$

$
11,875

$

$

$
11,875

Other current liabilities
35,619

2,080

404,449


442,148

(2
)

442,146

Total current liabilities
47,494

2,080

404,449


454,023

(2
)

454,021

Long-term debt, less current portion
1,271,986




1,271,986



1,271,986

Other long-term liabilities
32,160

153

179,516


211,829



211,829

Deferred income taxes
(26,457
)
399

66,162


40,104

383


40,487

Total liabilities
1,325,183

2,632

650,127


1,977,942

381


1,978,323

Total shareholders’ (deficit) equity
(284,816
)
(28,908
)
526,738

(497,830
)
(284,816
)
(100,973
)
284,816

(100,973
)
Total liabilities and shareholders’ (deficit) equity
$
1,040,367

$
(26,276
)
$
1,176,865

$
(497,830
)
$
1,693,126

$
(100,592
)
$
284,816

$
1,877,350



26


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
June 30, 2013 (In thousands)
 
 
EM LLC
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
EM LLC
Consolidated
EDMC
Eliminations
EDMC
Consolidated
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
(10,777
)
$
139

$
141,110

$

$
130,472

$
223

$

$
130,695

Restricted cash
46,982


224,358


271,340



271,340

Student and other receivables, net
134

253

238,565


238,952

1


238,953

Other current assets
27,488

570

102,573


130,631



130,631

Total current assets
63,827

962

706,606


771,395

224


771,619

Property and equipment, net
65,018

5,984

454,623


525,625



525,625

Goodwill
7,328


769,825


777,153



777,153

Intangible assets, net
1,101

28

299,306


300,435



300,435

Other long-term assets
5,059


43,465


48,524



48,524

Inter-company balances
653,504

(31,016
)
(791,213
)

(168,725
)
168,725



Investment in subsidiaries
846,826



(846,826
)

187,289

(187,289
)

Total assets
$
1,642,663

$
(24,042
)
$
1,482,612

$
(846,826
)
$
2,254,407

$
356,238

$
(187,289
)
$
2,423,356

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current portion of long-term debt and revolving credit facility
$
86,850

$

$
226

$

$
87,076

$

$

$
87,076

Other current liabilities
51,558

3,018

344,397


398,973

49


399,022

Total current liabilities
138,408

3,018

344,623


486,049

49


486,098

Long-term debt, less current portion
1,273,214




1,273,214

(50
)

1,273,164

Other long-term liabilities
41,519

248

193,849


235,616



235,616

Deferred income taxes
2,233

399

69,607


72,239

383


72,622

Total liabilities
1,455,374

3,665

608,079


2,067,118

382


2,067,500

Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)
187,289

(27,707
)
874,533

(846,826
)
187,289

355,856

(187,289
)
355,856

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit)
$
1,642,663

$
(24,042
)
$
1,482,612

$
(846,826
)
$
2,254,407

$
356,238

$
(187,289
)
$
2,423,356



27


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
March 31, 2013 (In thousands)

 
EM LLC
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
EM LLC
Consolidated
EDMC
Eliminations
EDMC
Consolidated
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
176,449

$
120

$
3,825

$

$
180,394

$
3,220

$

$
183,614

Restricted cash
45,803


226,226


272,029



272,029

Student and other receivables, net
2,753

172

177,652


180,577

1


180,578

Other current assets
34,681

692

107,967


143,340



143,340

Total current assets
259,686

984

515,670


776,340

3,221


779,561

Property and equipment, net
64,881

6,104

472,746


543,731



543,731

Goodwill
7,328


769,825


777,153



777,153

Intangible assets, net
1,513

31

299,495


301,039



301,039

Other long-term assets
25,346


30,532


55,878



55,878

Inter-company balances
405,600

(30,868
)
(535,186
)

(160,454
)
160,454



Investment in subsidiaries
814,588



(814,588
)

187,217

(187,217
)

Total assets
$
1,578,942

$
(23,749
)
$
1,553,082

$
(814,588
)
$
2,293,687

$
350,892

$
(187,217
)
$
2,457,362

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current portion of long-term debt
$
11,850

$

$
226

$

$
12,076

$

$

$
12,076

Other current liabilities
48,295

2,419

423,613


474,327

(1
)

474,326

Total current liabilities
60,145

2,419

423,839


486,403

(1
)

486,402

Long-term debt, less current portion
1,283,321


23


1,283,344



1,283,344

Other long-term liabilities
46,729

280

199,088


246,097



246,097

Deferred income taxes
1,530

515

88,581


90,626

(104
)

90,522

Total liabilities
1,391,725

3,214

711,531


2,106,470

(105
)

2,106,365

Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)
187,217

(26,963
)
841,551

(814,588
)
187,217

350,997

(187,217
)
350,997

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity (deficit)
$
1,578,942

$
(23,749
)
$
1,553,082

$
(814,588
)
$
2,293,687

$
350,892

$
(187,217
)
$
2,457,362



28


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2014 (In thousands)

 
EM LLC
Guarantor Subsidiaries
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
EM LLC
Consolidated
EDMC
Eliminations
EDMC
Consolidated
Net revenues
$

$
1,766

$
593,436

$

$
595,202

$

$

$
595,202

Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Educational services
24,010

2,483

330,307


356,800

58


356,858

General and administrative
(20,664
)
(44
)
181,605


160,897

(60
)

160,837

Depreciation and amortization
7,159

162

29,788


37,109



37,109

Long-lived asset impairments


509,248


509,248



509,248

Total costs and expenses
10,505

2,601

1,050,948


1,064,054

(2
)

1,064,052

Loss before interest and income taxes
(10,505
)
(835
)
(457,512
)

(468,852
)
2


(468,850
)
Interest expense (income), net
31,191


(113
)

31,078

(2
)

31,076

Equity in subsidiaries
(377,335
)


377,335


(467,650
)
467,650


Loss before income taxes
(419,031
)
(835
)
(457,399
)
377,335

(499,930
)
(467,646
)
467,650

(499,926
)
Income tax (benefit) expense
48,619

184

(81,083
)

(32,280
)


(32,280
)
Net loss
$
(467,650
)
$
(1,019
)
$
(376,316
)
$
377,335

$
(467,650
)
$
(467,646
)
$
467,650

$
(467,646
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net change in unrecognized loss on interest rate swaps, net of tax
$
1,520

$

$

$

$
1,520

$
1,520

$
(1,520
)
$
1,520

Foreign currency translation loss
(359
)

(359
)
359

(359
)
(359
)
359

(359
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
1,161


(359
)
359

1,161

1,161

(1,161
)
1,161

Comprehensive loss
$
(466,489
)
$
(1,019
)
$
(376,675
)
$
377,694

$
(466,489
)
$
(466,485
)
$
466,489

$
(466,485
)

29


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013 (In thousands)

 
EM LLC
Guarantor Subsidiaries
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
EM LLC
Consolidated
EDMC
Eliminations
EDMC
Consolidated
Net revenues
$

$
2,002

$
636,901

$

$
638,903

$

$

$
638,903

Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Educational services
22,807

1,213

326,114


350,134



350,134

General and administrative
(42,959
)
2,863

206,910


166,814



166,814

Depreciation and amortization
6,762

151

33,353


40,266



40,266

Long-lived asset impairments


300,104


300,104



300,104

Total costs and expenses
(13,390
)
4,227

866,481


857,318



857,318

Loss before interest and income taxes
13,390

(2,225
)
(229,580
)

(218,415
)


(218,415
)
Interest expense (income), net
29,869


600


30,469

(5
)

30,464

Loss on debt refinancing
5,232




5,232



5,232

Equity in subsidiaries
(180,269
)


180,269


(260,413
)
260,413


Loss before income taxes
(201,980
)
(2,225
)
(230,180
)
180,269

(254,116
)
(260,408
)
260,413

(254,111
)
Income tax expense (benefit)
58,433

(822
)
(51,314
)

6,297



6,297

Net loss
$
(260,413
)
$
(1,403
)
$
(178,866
)
$
180,269

$
(260,413
)
$
(260,408
)
$
260,413

$
(260,408
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net change in unrecognized loss on interest rate swaps, net of tax
$
1,514

$

$

$

$
1,514

$
1,514

$
(1,514
)
$
1,514

Foreign currency translation loss
(147
)

(147
)
147

(147
)
(147
)
147

(147
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
1,367


(147
)
147

1,367

1,367

(1,367
)
1,367

Comprehensive loss
$
(259,046
)
$
(1,403
)
$
(179,013
)
$
180,416

$
(259,046
)
$
(259,041
)
$
259,046

$
(259,041
)

30



CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
For the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2014 (In thousands)
 
 
EM LLC
Guarantor Subsidiaries
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
EM LLC
Consolidated
EDMC
Eliminations
EDMC
Consolidated
Net revenues
$

$
5,660

$
1,763,595

$

$
1,769,255

$

$

$
1,769,255

Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Educational services
71,618

7,575

980,881


1,060,074



1,060,074

General and administrative
(48,147
)
(1,066
)
558,693


509,480



509,480

Depreciation and amortization
21,222

468

92,617


114,307



114,307

Long-lived asset impairments


513,095

 
513,095

 
 
513,095

Total costs and expenses
44,693

6,977

2,145,286


2,196,956



2,196,956

Loss before interest and income taxes
(44,693
)
(1,317
)
(381,691
)

(427,701
)


(427,701
)
Interest expense (income), net
94,910


(347
)

94,563

(6
)

94,557

Equity in subsidiaries
(348,820
)


348,820


(476,077
)
476,077


Loss before income taxes
(488,423
)
(1,317
)
(381,344
)
348,820

(522,264
)
(476,071
)
476,077

(522,258
)
Income tax (benefit) expense
(12,346
)
(116
)
(33,725
)

(46,187
)
1


(46,186
)
Net loss
$
(476,077
)
$
(1,201
)
$
(347,619
)
$
348,820

$
(476,077
)
$
(476,072
)
$
476,077

$
(476,072
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net change in unrecognized loss on interest rate swaps, net of tax
$
4,148

$

$

$

$
4,148

$
4,148

$
(4,148
)
$
4,148

Foreign currency translation gain
(176
)

(176
)
176

(176
)
(176
)
176

(176
)
Other comprehensive income
3,972


(176
)
176

3,972

3,972

(3,972
)
3,972

Comprehensive loss
$
(472,105
)
$
(1,201
)
$
(347,795
)
$
348,996

$
(472,105
)
$
(472,100
)
$
472,105

$
(472,100
)

31



 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
For the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2013 (In thousands)

 
EM LLC
Guarantor Subsidiaries
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
Eliminations
EM LLC
Consolidated
EDMC
Eliminations
EDMC
Consolidated
Net revenues
$

$
6,161

$
1,897,202

$

$
1,903,363

$

$

$
1,903,363

Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Educational services
87,122

6,503

998,182


1,091,807

1


1,091,808

General and administrative
(74,336
)
(561
)
587,393


512,496



512,496

Depreciation and amortization
25,641

454

97,572


123,667



123,667

Long-lived asset impairments


300,104



300,104



300,104

Total costs and expenses
38,427

6,396

1,983,251


2,028,074

1


2,028,075

Loss before interest and income taxes
(38,427
)
(235
)
(86,049
)

(124,711
)
(1
)

(124,712
)
Interest expense (income), net
91,144


1,798


92,942

(18
)

92,924

Loss on debt refinancing
5,232




5,232



5,232

Equity in subsidiaries
(96,912
)


96,912


(242,374
)
242,374


Loss before income taxes
(231,715
)
(235
)
(87,847
)
96,912

(222,885
)
(242,357
)
242,374

(222,868
)
Income tax expense (benefit)
10,659

19

8,811


19,489



19,489

Net loss
$
(242,374
)
$
(254
)
$
(96,658
)
$
96,912

$
(242,374
)
$
(242,357
)
$
242,374

$
(242,357
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net change in unrecognized loss on interest rate swaps, net of tax
$
2,766

$

$

$

$
2,766

$
2,766

$
(2,766
)
$
2,766

Foreign currency translation gain
(88
)

(88
)
88

(88
)
(88
)
88

(88
)
Other comprehensive income
2,678


(88
)
88

2,678

2,678

(2,678
)
2,678

Comprehensive loss
$
(239,696
)
$
(254
)
$
(96,746
)
$
97,000

$
(239,696
)
$
(239,679
)
$
239,696

$
(239,679
)

32



CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
For the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2014 (In thousands)

 
EM LLC
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
EM LLC
Consolidated
EDMC
EDMC
Consolidated
Net cash flows provided by (used in) operations
$
(146,773
)
$
(1,250
)
$
320,194

$
172,171

$
4

$
172,175

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenditures for long-lived assets
(7,460
)
(683
)
(44,623
)
(52,766
)

(52,766
)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets


9,565

9,565

 
9,565

Other investing activities


(1,168
)
(1,168
)

(1,168
)
Net cash flows used in investing activities
(7,460
)
(683
)
(36,226
)
(44,369
)

(44,369
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net repayments of debt
(83,856
)

(226
)
(84,082
)


(84,082
)
Share-based payment activity




3,168

3,168

Inter-company transactions
422,340

2,016

(420,961
)
3,395

(3,395
)

Net cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities
338,484

2,016

(421,187
)
(80,687
)
(227
)
(80,914
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents


(119
)
(119
)

(119
)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
184,251

83

(137,338
)
46,996

(223
)
46,773

Beginning cash and cash equivalents
(10,777
)
139

141,110

130,472

223

130,695

Ending cash and cash equivalents
$
173,474

$
222

$
3,772

$
177,468

$

$
177,468


33



CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
For the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2013 (In thousands)

 
EM LLC
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
EM LLC
Consolidated
EDMC
EDMC
Consolidated
Net cash flows provided by (used in) operations
$
(165,111
)
$
(5,647
)
$
456,939

$
286,181

$
21

$
286,202

Cash flows from investing activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenditures for long-lived assets
(7,707
)
(725
)
(56,154
)
(64,586
)

(64,586
)
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets


65,065

65,065


65,065

Other investing activities
(858
)

(6,244
)
(7,102
)

(7,102
)
Net cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities
(8,565
)
(725
)
2,667

(6,623
)

(6,623
)
Cash flows from financing activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net repayments of debt and other
(286,885
)

(211
)
(287,096
)

(287,096
)
Inter-company transactions
663,259

6,394

(669,653
)



Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities
376,374

6,394

(669,864
)
(287,096
)

(287,096
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents


123

123


123

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
202,698

22

(210,135
)
(7,415
)
21

(7,394
)
Beginning cash and cash equivalents
(26,249
)
98

213,960

187,809

3,199

191,008

Ending cash and cash equivalents
$
176,449

$
120

$
3,825

$
180,394

$
3,220

$
183,614


34


14. SEGMENT REPORTING
The Company's principal business is providing post-secondary education. The Company manages its operations through four reportable segments, which are The Art Institutes, Argosy University, Brown Mackie Colleges and South University.
During fiscal 2013, the Company created "The Center", which provides support services to its four education systems through the centralization and automation of certain non-student facing activities, including financial aid packaging, the qualification and transfer of prospective students to school admissions teams, student billing services, certain registrar services, support call center services for students and employees, and remote student advising services. Effective July 1, 2013, The Center allocates costs to each reportable segment based primarily on the level of transaction volume. In the prior fiscal year, similar costs were allocated to each reportable segment based primarily on net revenues. To ensure comparability among periods, EBITDA excluding certain expenses for each segment has been recast to report results for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2013 as if The Center existed in prior periods and allocated its costs in a manner consistent with the current period methodology. The creation of The Center and changes in the allocation methodology had no impact on previously reported EBITDA excluding certain expenses for total EDMC.
Earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") excluding certain expenses is the measure used by the chief operating decision maker to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources. It is defined as net income before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and certain expenses presented in the table below. EBITDA excluding certain expenses is not a recognized term under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and does not purport to be an alternative to net income as a measure of operating performance or to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity. Additionally, EBITDA excluding certain expenses is not intended to be a measure of free cash flow available for management’s discretionary use, as it does not consider certain cash requirements such as interest payments, tax payments and debt service requirements. Management believes EBITDA excluding certain expenses is helpful in highlighting trends because EBITDA excluding certain expenses excludes the results of decisions that are outside the control of operating management and can differ significantly from company to company depending on long-term strategic decisions regarding capital structure, the tax jurisdictions in which companies operate and capital investments. Management compensates for the limitations of using non-GAAP financial measures by using them to supplement GAAP results to provide a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting the business than GAAP results alone. Because not all companies use identical calculations, this presentation of EBITDA excluding certain expenses may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Adjustments to reconcile segment results to consolidated results are included under the caption “Corporate and other,” which primarily includes unallocated corporate activity. A reconciliation of EBITDA excluding certain expenses by reportable segment to consolidated loss before income taxes along with other summary financial information by reportable segment is presented below (in thousands):

35


 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
For the Nine Months Ended March 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
Net revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Art Institutes
$
358,624

 
$
393,560

 
$
1,086,613

 
$
1,185,232

Argosy University
91,729

 
94,430

 
251,518

 
268,663

Brown Mackie Colleges
65,858

 
73,876

 
205,507

 
226,122

South University
78,991

 
77,037

 
225,617

 
223,346

Total EDMC
$
595,202

 
$
638,903

 
$
1,769,255

 
$
1,903,363

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EBITDA excluding certain expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Art Institutes
$
78,988

 
$
101,081

 
$
226,077

 
$
288,250

Argosy University
19,176

 
16,250

 
25,108

 
31,269

Brown Mackie Colleges
4,560

 
7,638

 
17,967

 
25,824

South University
13,178

 
15,777

 
30,727

 
32,140

Corporate and other
(20,877
)
 
(18,791
)
 
(65,603
)
 
(65,341
)
Total EDMC
95,025

 
121,955

 
234,276

 
312,142

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation to consolidated loss before income taxes:
 
 
 
 

 
 
Restructuring (1)
5,760

 

 
16,858

 
9,145

Lease abandonment charge (2)
6,367

 

 
6,367

 

Settlement-related costs
1,900

 

 
7,859

 

Long-lived asset impairments (2)
509,248

 
300,104

 
513,095

 
300,104

Loss on debt refinancing (3)

 
5,232

 

 
5,232

Loss on sale-leaseback transactions (2)
3,491

 

 
3,491

 
3,938

Depreciation and amortization
37,109

 
40,266

 
114,307

 
123,667

Net interest expense
31,076

 
30,464

 
94,557

 
92,924

Loss before income taxes
$
(499,926
)
 
$
(254,111
)
 
$
(522,258
)
 
$
(222,868
)
(1) Refer to Note 7, "Accrued Liabilities," for more information on these charges.
(2) Refer to Note 4, "Property and Equipment," and Note 5, "Goodwill and Intangible Assets," for more information on these charges.
(3) Refer to Note 8, "Short-Term and Long-Term Debt" for more information.

Total assets of each reportable segment were as follows (in thousands):
Assets: *
March 31, 2014
 
June 30, 2013
 
March 31, 2013
The Art Institutes
$
937,971

 
$
1,521,597

 
$
1,501,455

Argosy University
234,237

 
274,151

 
253,303

Brown Mackie Colleges
184,788

 
231,225

 
202,844

South University
201,965

 
233,993

 
196,867

Corporate and other 
318,389

 
162,390

 
302,893

Total EDMC
$
1,877,350

 
$
2,423,356

 
$
2,457,362

* Excludes inter-company activity.

36



ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Key Trends, Developments and Challenges
We operate in a challenging economic environment in a highly regulated and dynamic industry. During the third quarter of fiscal 2014, our financial results did not meet our prior forecasts. Due primarily to lower than anticipated application production for future periods at The Art Institutes together with a significant deterioration in our market capitalization and credit rating downgrades during the quarter, we performed impairment reviews of the carrying value of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets at all of our reporting units and recorded a goodwill impairment of $433.7 million and an indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment of $75.5 million at The Art Institutes. We believe that the following developments and trends present opportunities, challenges and risks to our business and impacted our results during the third fiscal quarter and projections of future results:
New regulations may have a significant impact on our business.
Our business is highly regulated and there has been an increased focus on regulations designed to address the rising costs of post-secondary education in order to make higher education more affordable. President Obama announced a plan to measure performance by post-secondary institutions through a new college ratings system designed to provide students and their families with information to select schools that provide the best value. The President's plan is to roll out the college ratings system in 2015-2016. Part of the President's plan would require Congress to pass legislation that would tie federal student aid to performance by post-secondary institutions to allow students to maximize their federal aid at institutions that provide the best value.
Following negotiated rulemaking sessions, where consensus was not reached, the U.S. Department of Education published a Notice of Proposed Rules in the Federal Register on March 25, 2014 which request comment on the adoption of three annual metrics for measuring whether programs offered by proprietary institutions such as ours lead to “gainful employment” in a recognized occupation. Under the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended ("HEA"), with the exception of certain liberal arts degree programs, proprietary schools are eligible to participate in Title IV programs only with respect to educational programs that prepare a student for “gainful employment in a recognized occupation.” The U.S. Department of Education previously adopted regulations that were scheduled to become effective as of July 1, 2012 and that would have for the first time set forth standards for measuring whether programs lead to gainful employment in a recognized occupation. These regulations, which were vacated by a federal court decision, would have established three annual metrics related to student loan borrowing which would have imposed certain restrictions on programs up to and including the prohibition on participation in Title IV financial aid programs in the event that the metrics were not satisfied over a period of time.
The proposed regulatory language would cause each educational program covered by the rule to fail if the student-loan debt payments of graduates of the program exceed 12 percent of their annual incomes and 30 percent of their discretionary incomes, the same ratios as in the original rule. Programs whose graduates have debt-to-annual-income ratios of 8 percent to 12 percent or debt-to-discretionary-income ratios of 20 percent to 30 percent would fall in a “zone”, and the institution would have to warn students that they might become ineligible for aid. Programs that fail both debt-to-annual-income tests twice in any three-year period or are in the zone or failing for four consecutive years would be ineligible for federal student aid. In response to the 2012 Court ruling, the proposed gainful employment regulation uses programmatic cohort default rates rather than loan-repayment rates as an additional test. Programs whose borrower cohort default rates equal or exceed 30 percent for three consecutive years would be ineligible for federal student aid. The comment period runs through May 27, 2014, after which the U.S. Department of Education will consider revisions to the proposed rule. A final rule must be published in the Federal Register by November 1, 2014 to be effective as of July 1, 2015. The U.S. Department of Education estimated that approximately 1,000,000 students are enrolled in programs that would either fail or fall into the zone for improvement under the proposed gainful employment metrics. If the final gainful employment rule is substantially similar to the proposed rule published for comment, it would have a material adverse effect on our business.
In addition, the HEA is scheduled for reauthorization in 2014 and the reauthorization process may result in significant changes to the post-secondary education industry. Among other things, there have been proposals in Congress to amend the 90/10 rule in connection with the reauthorization of the HEA to prohibit proprietary institutions from receiving more than 85 percent of their revenues from federal funds, including veterans benefits and U.S. Department of Defense tuition assistance. Any revisions to the HEA, the regulations adopted by the U.S. Department of Education, or the 90/10 rule could have a material adverse impact on our business. An amendment to the U. S. Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 became effective on October 16, 2013 which, among other things, requires specific prior written consent from consumers in order to place telemarketing calls to wireless phones using an automatic telephone dialing system. We use telephonic communications with prospective students and cannot estimate the impact of this new regulation, including compliance costs, on our business at

37


this early stage of compliance.  However, we believe that it contributed to lower than anticipated application production across our organization for future academic terms due to delays in contacting prospective students.
In January 2014, the U.S. Department of Education commenced negotiated rulemaking sessions to implement changes to the Clery Act required by the Violence Against Women Act which, among other items, requires institutions to compile statistics for certain additional crimes reported to campus security authorities or local police agencies, and include such information in its annual security report. Consensus was reached, and, therefore, it is expected that the U.S. Department of Education will publish a final rule by November 1, 2014 with an effective date of July 1, 2015. Finally, another series of negotiated rulemaking sessions to address program integrity and improvement issues was held in February, March, and April 2014, with a final session scheduled for May 2014, to address cash management of Title IV funds including use of debit cards and handling of Title IV credit balances; state authorization for programs offered through distance or correspondence education; state authorization for non-U.S. locations of domestic educational institutions; clock to credit hour conversion; the definition of "adverse credit" for borrowers under the Federal Direct PLUS Loan Program; and the application of repeat coursework provisions to graduate and undergraduate programs.
The agreements governing our indebtedness include financial covenants which, though we are in compliance as of March 31, 2014, we anticipate violating as of June 30, 2014, which will result in our being in breach of the agreements unless we obtain a waiver or are able to refinance the indebtedness.
At March 31, 2014, we had $1.3 billion of indebtedness outstanding. The terms of our debt agreements restrict us from certain activities such as incurring additional indebtedness and require us to satisfy and maintain a maximum total leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio. While we have satisfied the financial ratios in the past and at March 31, 2014, the margin between the actual results and the covenant requirements has decreased significantly over the past 12 months due to declining operating performance. Based on revised projections for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, we believe that we will likely not satisfy the financial covenant compliance ratios for the twelve month period ending June 30, 2014. A violation of these covenants, unless waived by the lenders or otherwise cured, would constitute an event of default under the senior secured credit facilities and indenture pursuant to which the PIK Notes were issued, thereby allowing the lenders to demand immediate payment in full of all amounts outstanding and terminate their obligations to make additional loans and issue new letters of credit under the revolving credit facility. We are currently in discussions with our lenders with respect to the potential violation of the financial ratio covenants with a view toward obtaining amendments to the debt agreement or waiver of the covenants so as to be in compliance as of June 30, 2014. While we believe that we can negotiate an acceptable resolution, we may not be able to negotiate such amendments or waiver and such amendments or waiver may not be on terms that we find to be acceptable. The factors negatively impacting the higher education industry, which have adversely impacted our business, have also made it more difficult to refinance our indebtedness due to investor uncertainty about our projected results from operations. To the extent that we do refinance any portion of our debt, that refinanced debt is likely to be subject to higher interest rates and fees than our existing debt and may impose additional restrictions on our business. If we are unable to obtain a waiver from our lenders or amend the terms of the debt agreements on acceptable terms, it would have a material adverse effect on our business and financial position.
We have increased our focus on student affordability, which can have a negative impact on our net revenues.
In the past, we and other providers of post-secondary education were able to pass along the rising cost of providing quality education through increases in tuition charged to students. As a result, the cost of a post-secondary degree increased substantially while incomes earned by families stagnated due to a weak economy. In order to make our programs more attractive to prospective students, we have introduced a number of initiatives to limit or decrease the cost of obtaining a degree from our institutions, including freezing tuition at The Art Institutes through 2015 for students who enrolled by October 2013, decreasing the number of credit hours necessary to complete certain programs, reducing certain fees and other charges, and substantially increasing the availability of scholarships to students. We have awarded approximately $106 million of scholarships in the nine months ended March 31, 2014, an increase of 53 percent compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2013, the majority of which have been awarded at The Art Institutes. We anticipate awarding approximately $140 million in scholarships in fiscal 2014, an increase of approximately 50 percent from fiscal 2013. Due to our focus on decreasing the cost of education at our schools, we estimate that the average debt incurred by students graduating from the Art Institutes has decreased by approximately 13 percent since fiscal 2011. We believe that our limited ability to increase tuition will continue for the foreseeable future.
We have adopted a number of initiatives to make our business more efficient and to respond to changing market conditions and will continue to do so in the future.
We have adopted a number of measures designed to make our business more efficient in order to decrease the cost of an education for our students and to respond to changing market conditions. Primarily through process efficiencies and productivity improvements, we believe we will be able to achieve gross cost savings at the high end of our previously disclosed range of $100 million to $125 million during fiscal 2014 as compared to fiscal 2013. For example, during fiscal 2013, we

38


created The Center, which provides support services to our four education systems through the centralization and automation of certain non-student facing activities, including financial aid packaging, the qualification and transfer of prospective students to school admissions teams, student billing services, certain registrar services, support call center services for our students and employees, and remote student advising services. Additionally, during fiscal 2014, we have taken measures to decrease our reliance on third party lead generators which we anticipate will continue into the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014. Some of these projected savings will offset cost increases in other areas of our business that we have incurred and expect to incur during the remainder of fiscal 2014. We believe that these affordability efforts, some of which increase the risk associated with our future operating results, contribute significantly to our core mission of educating students.
Changes in the availability of PLUS program loans contributed to a reduction in student enrollment and net revenues at The Art Institutes during fiscal 2013 and 2014 and are likely to adversely impact new students in fiscal 2015 and beyond.
Approximately 50 percent of the campus-based students attending The Art Institutes education system are considered dependents for Title IV program purposes.  These traditional-age students often receive financial support from their parents to help pay for their education.  As part of this support, parents often participate in the PLUS program, which allows parents of a dependent student to borrow an amount not to exceed the difference between the total cost of that student's education and other aid to which that student is entitled.  During fiscal 2012, the U.S. Department of Education implemented more stringent underwriting criteria for PLUS program loans, which resulted in a decrease in the percentage of our net revenues we received from PLUS loans from 12.4 percent in fiscal 2012 to 8.3 percent in fiscal 2013. Total new students at The Art Institutes decreased approximately 12.8 percent in fiscal 2013 as compared to fiscal 2012, which we believe was due in part to the decrease in PLUS loan availability. 
We have undertaken a number of actions to address this issue including, among other measures, expanding our scholarship programs at The Art Institutes and extending greater amounts of credit to those Art Institute students who are denied PLUS program loans but who still enroll in school. Additionally, we increased the maximum length of payment plans we offer students from 36 months beyond graduation to 42 months beyond graduation in fiscal 2013. Further, we commenced a program under which we purchase loans awarded and disbursed to our students from a private lender during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013. All of these initiatives have negatively impacted our liquidity. The changes we have made with respect to the extension of credit to our students have resulted in higher gross long-term student receivable and purchased loan program balances, which were $74.2 million at March 31, 2014 and $45.8 million at March 31, 2013, and higher bad debt expense as a percentage of net revenues compared to prior periods. Bad debt expense was 7.1 percent and 6.8 percent of net revenues during the nine months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and 6.9 percent and 5.9 percent during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.
Investigations of proprietary education institutions, adverse publicity, and outstanding litigation have adversely impacted our operating results and student enrollment.
Although we believe that there are a number of factors that should contribute to long-term demand for post-secondary education, recently the industry as a whole has been challenged by a number of factors, including the overall negative impact of the current political and economic climate. We and other proprietary post-secondary education providers have been subject to increased regulatory scrutiny and litigation in recent years. On July 30, 2012, the majority staff of the US Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, & Pensions (the “HELP Committee") released a report, "For Profit Higher Education: The Failure to Safeguard the Federal Investment and Ensure Student Success" which was drawn from hearings on the industry beginning in August 2010. While stating that proprietary colleges and universities have an important role to play in higher education and should be well-equipped to meet the needs of non-traditional students who now constitute the majority of the post-secondary educational population, the report was highly critical of these institutions.
In light of the HELP Committee investigation and staff report, a number of other investigations have been undertaken and lawsuits filed, including the following:
A number of State Attorneys General have launched investigations into proprietary post-secondary institutions, including a number of our schools. We along with three other publicly traded proprietary education companies are the subject of a multistate investigation by 14 State Attorneys General which was announced in January 2014 regarding our business practices. The investigation of our schools is being coordinated through the Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. We previously received subpoenas from the Attorneys General of Florida, Kentucky, New York, Colorado, and Massachusetts in October 2010, December 2010, August 2011, September 2012, and January 2013, respectively, and the San Francisco, California City Attorney in December 2011 in connection with investigations of our institutions and their business practices. As previously disclosed, on December 5, 2013, we entered into a Final Consent Judgment with the Colorado Attorney General’s Office.
We received subpoenas from the Division of Enforcement of the Securities and Exchange Commission in March 2013 and May 2013 requesting documents and information relating to our valuation of goodwill in fiscal 2012, bad debt allowance for student receivables, and letters of credit we posted with the U.S. Department of Education.

39


We received a subpoena from the Office of Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Education in May 2013 requesting policies and procedures related to Argosy University's attendance, withdrawal, and return to Title IV policies.
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB") and State Attorneys General are investigating student-lending practices at proprietary education institutions. In February 2014, the CFPB filed a lawsuit against a publicly traded proprietary education company alleging that it engaged in predatory lending practices.
On January 30, 2014, the Federal Trade Commission (the "FTC") announced a new system to handle complaints from military veterans and service members regarding higher education institutions, providing online reporting forms to file complaints directly with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and the U.S. Department of Defense regarding issues such as cost of attendance, marketing, graduation rates, program quality, employment prospects and course credit. Students may also email similar complaints to the U.S. Department of Education. These complaints will be forwarded to the FTC's Consumer Sentinel Network database. In addition, in February 2014 the FTC requested documents and information from a publicly traded proprietary education company about the company's marketing, advertising and sale of post-secondary products and services in order to determine whether violations of the Federal Trade Commerce Act occurred.
The Chair of the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Financial and Contracting Oversight sent a survey to 350 post-secondary institutions in April 2014 addressing sexual assaults on campus. Several of our schools received the survey and intend to respond.
These investigations, together with the Washington qui tam lawsuit in which the U.S. Department of Justice and Attorneys General from five states have intervened, have led to a significant amount of negative publicity for the proprietary education industry and our schools. These numerous investigations could result in additional litigation and investigations regarding proprietary education.
Student concerns regarding the assumption of additional debt in light of the current economic climate have given rise to reluctance to pursue further education.
Due to the effects of the current economic climate, many prospective students are unable to make cash payments towards their education. Recently, there has been a significant amount of negative publicity surrounding the incurrence of excessive debt to pay for a post-secondary education. On July 19, 2012, the CFPB and the U.S. Department of Education issued a report describing what they characterized as risky practices in the private student loan market over the past ten years, among other things. According to the CFPB's estimates, outstanding student loan debt in the United States exceeded $1 trillion in 2011, consisting of $864 billion of federal student debt and $150 billion of private student loan debt. A number of media outlets have published stories linking student loan indebtedness to the recent mortgage loan crisis. We believe that the negative publicity surrounding student indebtedness, together with the inability of students to pay cash for their education and the effect of a stagnant economy and challenged employment prospects, have led to a reluctance in a number of prospective students to enroll in our schools.
The education industry is rapidly evolving and highly competitive.
The U.S. higher education industry, including the proprietary sector, is experiencing unprecedented, rapidly developing changes due to technological developments, evolving needs and objectives of students and employers, economic constraints affecting educational institutions and students, price competition, increased focus on affordability, and other factors that challenge many of the core principles underlying the industry. Related to this, a substantial proportion of traditional colleges and universities and community colleges now offer some form of distance learning or online education programs, including programs geared towards the needs of working learners. As a result, we face increased competition for students, including from colleges with well-established brand names. In addition, we face competition from various emerging nontraditional, credit-bearing and noncredit-bearing education programs, offered by both proprietary and not-for-profit providers. These include massive open online courses (MOOCs) offered worldwide without charge by traditional educational institutions and other direct-to-consumer education services, which some educational institutions are now accepting for credit. Further, according to information published by the National Student Clearinghouse, enrollment in post-secondary institutions decreased by 1.5 percent from the Fall of 2012 to the Fall of 2013, and enrollment in four-year proprietary institutions decreased by 9.7 percent during the same time period.
We must adapt our business to meet these rapidly evolving developments. We are working to accelerate the enhancement of our offerings to remain competitive and to more effectively deliver a quality student experience at an attractive price.


40


Results of Operations
The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the percentage relationship of certain statements of operations items to net revenues.
Amounts expressed as a percentage of net revenues
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
For the Nine Months Ended March 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
Net revenues
100.0
 %
 
100.0
 %
 
100.0
 %
 
100.0
 %
Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Educational services
60.1
 %
 
54.8
 %
 
59.9
 %
 
57.4
 %
General and administrative
27.0
 %
 
26.0
 %
 
28.8
 %
 
26.8
 %
Depreciation and amortization
6.2
 %
 
6.3
 %
 
6.5
 %
 
6.5
 %
Long-lived asset impairments *
85.6
 %
 
47.0
 %
 
29.0
 %
 
15.8
 %
Total costs and expenses
178.9
 %
 
134.1
 %
 
124.2
 %
 
106.5
 %
Loss before interest and taxes
(78.9
)%
 
(34.1
)%
 
(24.2
)%
 
(6.5
)%
Interest expense, net
5.2
 %
 
4.8
 %
 
5.3
 %
 
5.0
 %
Loss on debt refinancing
 %
 
0.8
 %
 
 %
 
0.3
 %
Loss before income taxes
(84.1
)%
 
(39.7
)%
 
(29.5
)%
 
(11.8
)%
Income tax (benefit) expense
(5.4
)%
 
1.0
 %
 
(2.6
)%
 
1.0
 %
Net loss
(78.7
)%
 
(40.7
)%
 
(26.9
)%
 
(12.8
)%
* The goodwill impairment charges from fiscal 2013 have been adjusted as further described in Item 1, "Financial Statements," Note 5, "Goodwill and Intangible Assets" under “Correction of Immaterial Errors."
Three Months Ended March 31, 2014 (current quarter) compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2013 (prior year quarter)
All basis point changes are presented as a change in the percentage of net revenues in each period of comparison.
Net revenues
The largest component of our net revenues is tuition collected from our students, which is presented in our statements of operations after deducting refunds, scholarships and other adjustments. The majority of our net revenues comes from various government-sponsored student finance programs, and the amount of tuition revenue received from students varies based on our average enrolled student body, the average tuition charge per credit hour and average credit hours taken per student. Factors affecting our average enrolled student body include new students, students who withdraw and then return to school after withdrawal, student persistence, and graduates. These factors are impacted by the number of individuals seeking post-secondary education, the attractiveness of our program offerings, the quality of the student experience, the length of the education programs and our overall educational reputation. In addition to tuition and fees, net revenues consist of sales of related study materials, student housing fees, bookstore sales, restaurant sales in connection with culinary programs and workshop fees, all of which are largely a function of average enrolled student body.
Net revenues decreased 6.8 percent to $595.2 million in the current quarter compared to $638.9 million in the prior year quarter. The decrease in net revenues was due primarily to a 6.9 percent decrease compared to the prior year quarter in average enrolled student body to 119,500 students as well as our continued efforts to improve the affordability of the education we provide by awarding more scholarships to our students compared to the prior year quarter. Partially offsetting these decreases was the impact of additional revenue days at Argosy University compared to the prior year quarter.
Educational services expense
Educational services expense consists primarily of costs related to the development, delivery and administration of our education programs. Major cost components are faculty compensation, salaries of administrative and student services staff, costs of educational materials, facility occupancy costs, bad debt expense and information systems costs. Educational services expense increased by $6.7 million, or 1.9 percent, to $356.9 million in the current quarter. In March 2014, we determined that we would not begin admitting students for one of our start-up Art Institute locations as we had previously anticipated. As a result, we recorded a $6.3 million charge that was comprised of existing construction-in-progress assets and accelerated rent

41


expense based on the remaining minimum obligations under the existing lease, net of expected sublease income.  In addition, we recognized a $3.5 million loss on a sale-leaseback transaction and $4.3 million of employee severance expenses that occurred primarily at our Art Institutes, Argosy University and Brown Mackie Colleges segments. After adjusting for these expenses, educational services expense increased by 278 basis points as a percentage of net revenues compared to the prior year quarter due in part to lower average enrolled student body and the resulting loss of operating leverage.
Costs that were most affected by the loss in operating leverage in the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter were employee-related costs, which increased by 79 basis points as a percentage of net revenues, and rent expense associated with school locations, which was relatively flat on an absolute basis, but increased 71 basis points as a percentage of net revenues. Bad debt expense was $40.3 million, or 6.8 percent of net revenues, in the current quarter compared to $39.9 million, or 6.2 percent of net revenues, in the prior year quarter, an increase of 53 basis points. Outside services costs also increased by 62 basis points compared to the prior year quarter. The remaining net increase of 13 basis points resulted from changes in other costs, none of which was individually significant.
General and administrative expense
General and administrative expense consists of marketing and student admissions expenses and certain central staff departmental costs such as executive management, finance and accounting, legal and consulting services, corporate development and other departments that do not provide direct services to our students. General and administrative expense was $160.8 million in the current quarter, a decrease of 3.6 percent from $166.8 million in the prior year quarter. During the three months ended March 31, 2014, we recognized $1.5 million of employee severance expenses at our corporate offices and $1.9 million of costs related to legal settlements. After adjusting for these items, general and administrative expense increased by 34 basis points as a percentage of net revenues compared to the prior year quarter.
Legal and consulting costs, the latter of which were incurred in part to assist future process optimization and centralization efforts to support student affordability, increased by 88 basis points compared to the prior year quarter. Also contributing to the increase were employee related costs for non-marketing personnel, which increased 41 basis points as a percentage of net revenues. Partially offsetting the increase in general and administrative expense were marketing and admissions costs, which were 21.8 percent of net revenues in the current quarter and 22.7 percent of net revenues in the prior year quarter, representing a decrease of 93 basis points. The overall marketing and admissions cost per new student decreased approximately one percent due to continued admissions productivity. The remaining net decrease of two basis points as a percentage of net revenues in the current quarter relates to other items, none of which was individually significant.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization on long-lived assets was $37.1 million in the current quarter compared to $40.3 million in the prior year quarter, a decrease of 7.8 percent.
Long-lived asset impairments
During the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, we recorded goodwill impairments of $433.7 million and $270.9 million and non-cash indefinite-lived intangible asset impairments of $75.5 million and $28.0 million, respectively, at The Art Institutes reporting unit. Additionally, we impaired $1.2 million of fixed assets at one of our schools in the prior year quarter.
Interest expense, net
Net interest expense was $31.1 million in the current quarter, an increase of $0.6 million, or 2.0 percent, from the prior year quarter. The increase was primarily due to the higher rate on the PIK Notes issued in connection with the debt refinancing in March 2013 described below.
Loss on debt refinancing
On March 5, 2013, we completed the exchange of $365.3 million of our 8.75 percent senior notes for (i) $203.0 million of PIK Notes and (ii) $162.3 million of cash. In connection with the exchange offer, we incurred fees of $5.2 million with third parties that were recorded as a loss on debt refinancing during the quarter ended March 31, 2013.
Provision for income taxes
The effective tax rates differ from the combined federal and state statutory rates due to valuation allowances, expenses that are non-deductible for tax purposes, discrete items and the accounting related to uncertain tax positions. Our effective tax rates in the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 were significantly impacted by goodwill impairment charges, none of which were deductible for income tax purposes. In addition, the effective tax rates for the current quarter were impacted by the disproportionate impact of discrete items on low earnings as well as other permanent tax differences, which have remained relatively consistent period over period.

42


As a result of the expiration of certain statutes of limitation with respect to the 2010 and 2009 fiscal years, our liability for uncertain tax positions, excluding interest and the indirect benefits associated with state income taxes, decreased by $3.0 million and $0.7 million during the three month periods ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The current quarter includes a discrete deferred tax benefit of approximately $3.3 million resulting from the March 2014 enactment of tax reform in the state of New York, which in addition to other amendments changed the income tax rate, the tax filing methodology and how revenues from the sale of services are sourced for New York income tax purposes.
As discussed in Item 1, "Financial Statements," Note 11, "Income Taxes," we have evaluated the realizability of our deferred tax assets based upon the weight of all available evidence, both positive and negative, and believe it is more-likely-than-not that we will realize the benefit of our deferred tax assets and, as such, no valuation allowance is required except as disclosed in Part II, Item 8 "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," Note 11, "Income Taxes" of the June 30, 2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K with respect to certain state deferred tax assets.
Nine Months Ended March 31, 2014 (current year period) compared to the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2013 (prior year period)
All basis point changes are presented as a change in the percentage of net revenues in each period of comparison.
Net revenues
Net revenues decreased 7.0 percent to $1,769.3 million in the nine months ended March 31, 2014 compared to $1,903.4 million in the nine months ended March 31, 2013. The decrease in net revenues was due primarily to a 7.3 percent decrease compared to the prior year period in average enrolled student body to 120,070 students as well as our continued efforts to improve the affordability of the education we provide by awarding more scholarships to our students compared to the prior year period. Partially offsetting these decreases was the impact of additional revenue days at Argosy University compared to the prior year period.
Educational services expense
Educational services expense decreased by $31.7 million, or 2.9 percent to $1,060.1 million in the current year period. In March 2014, we determined that we would not begin admitting students for one of our start-up Art Institute locations as we had previously anticipated and recorded a $6.3 million charge as further described above.  In addition, we recognized $9.0 million of restructuring expenses and a $3.5 million loss on a sale-leaseback transaction. During the prior year period, we recognized $8.2 million of restructuring expenses and a loss of $3.9 million related to the sale of one of the properties associated with multiple sale-leaseback transactions. After adjusting for these items, educational services expense increased by 213 basis points as a percentage of net revenues compared to the prior year period due primarily to lower average enrolled student body compared to the prior year period and the resulting loss of operating leverage.
Costs that were most affected by the loss in operating leverage were employee-related costs, which increased by 66 basis points in the current year period compared to the prior year period, and rent expense associated with school locations, which increased 78 basis points as a percentage of net revenues compared to the prior year period. The increase in rent expense as a percentage of net revenues was due in part to more leases as a result of the sale-leaseback transactions we entered into in the latter half of the second quarter of fiscal 2013 as well as the comparative effect of a favorable rent credit at one of our leased school locations in fiscal 2013. Bad debt expense was $125.0 million, or 7.1 percent of net revenues, in the current year period compared to $129.7 million, or 6.8 percent of net revenues, in the prior year period, an increase of 25 basis points. Outside services costs also increased by 40 basis points compared to the prior year period. The remaining net increase of four basis points resulted from changes in other costs, none of which was individually significant.
General and administrative expense
General and administrative expense was $509.5 million in the current year period, a decrease of 0.6 percent from $512.5 million in the prior year period. We recognized $7.9 million and $0.9 million of restructuring expenses in the nine months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and an additional $7.9 million of settlement-related costs in the current year period. After adjusting for these items, general and administrative expense increased by 103 basis points as a percentage of net revenues compared to the prior year period.
Legal and consulting services costs, the latter of which were incurred in part to assist future process optimization and centralization efforts to support student affordability, increased by 69 basis points in the current year period compared to the prior year period. Marketing and admissions costs were 22.8 percent of net revenues in the current year period and 22.6 percent of net revenues in the prior year period representing an increase of 23 basis points. The remaining net increase of 11 basis points as a percentage of net revenues in the current year period relates to other items, none of which was individually significant.


43


Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization on long-lived assets was $114.3 million in the current year period compared to $123.7 million in the prior year period. The year over year decrease of 7.6 percent was primarily due to accelerated amortization of $4.6 million recorded in the prior year period due to a software related asset that no longer had a useful life.
Interest expense, net
Net interest expense was $94.6 million in the current year period, an increase of $1.6 million from the prior year period, or 1.8 percent. The increase was primarily due to the higher rate on the PIK Notes issued in connection with a debt refinancing in March 2013.
Provision for income taxes
Our effective tax rates in the nine months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 were significantly impacted by goodwill impairment charges, none of which were deductible for income tax purposes. In addition, the effective tax rate for the current year period was impacted by the disproportionate impact on low earnings of discrete items as well as other permanent tax differences, which have remained relatively consistent period over period.
As a result of the expiration of certain statutes of limitation with respect to the 2010 and 2009 fiscal years, our liability for uncertain tax positions, excluding interest and the indirect benefits associated with state income taxes, decreased by $3.0 million and $0.7 million during the nine month periods ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The current year period includes discrete deferred tax benefit of approximately $6.5 million resulting from tax law changes in the states of Pennsylvania and New York.
Analysis of Operating Results by Reportable Segment
Each of our 110 schools provides student-centered education. Our schools are organized and managed to capitalize on recognized brands aligned to specific targeted markets based on field of study, employment opportunity, type of degree offering and student demographics. Our operations are organized into four corresponding reportable segments, which are The Art Institutes, Argosy University, Brown Mackie Colleges and South University.
Student information by segment was as follows:
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
For the Nine Months Ended March 31,
New student enrollment: (1)
2014
 
2013
 
% Change
 
2014
 
2013
 
% Change
The Art Institutes
9,450

 
11,210

 
(15.7
)%
 
37,450

 
40,380

 
(7.3
)%
Argosy University
4,500

 
5,130

 
(12.3
)%
 
13,510

 
14,390

 
(6.1
)%
Brown Mackie Colleges
3,590

 
4,110

 
(12.7
)%
 
11,840

 
12,990

 
(8.9
)%
South University
4,600

 
4,090

 
12.5
 %
 
13,930

 
13,530

 
3.0
 %
Total EDMC
22,140

 
24,540

 
(9.8
)%
 
76,730

 
81,290

 
(5.6
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average enrolled student body: (1) (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Art Institutes
62,070

 
67,070

 
(7.5
)%
 
62,620

 
67,780

 
(7.6
)%
Argosy University
23,480

 
25,260

 
(7.0
)%
 
23,500

 
25,140

 
(6.5
)%
Brown Mackie Colleges
15,380

 
17,040

 
(9.7
)%
 
15,800

 
17,320

 
(8.8
)%
South University
18,570

 
18,960

 
(2.1
)%
 
18,150

 
19,270

 
(5.8
)%
Total EDMC
119,500

 
128,330

 
(6.9
)%
 
120,070

 
129,510

 
(7.3
)%
(1) The data above includes the number of students enrolled in fully-online programs at The Art Institute of Pittsburgh, Argosy University and South University.
(2) Average enrolled student body is the monthly average of the unique students who met attendance requirements within each month of the three and nine months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013.
The measure used by the chief operating decision maker to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources is EBITDA excluding certain expenses, which we define as net income before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and certain other expenses related to long-lived asset impairments, lease abandonment, restructuring, settlement-related costs and losses on sale lease-back transactions. EBITDA excluding certain expenses is not a recognized term under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and does not purport to be an alternative to net income as a measure of operating performance or to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity. Additionally, EBITDA excluding certain expenses is not intended to be a measure of free cash flow available for discretionary

44


use, as it does not consider certain cash requirements such as interest payments, tax payments and debt service requirements. We believe EBITDA excluding certain expenses is helpful in highlighting trends because it excludes the results of decisions that are outside the control of operating management and can differ significantly from company to company depending on long-term strategic decisions regarding capital structure, the tax jurisdictions in which companies operate and capital investments. We compensate for the limitations of using non-GAAP financial measures by using them to supplement GAAP results to provide a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting the business than GAAP results alone. Because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of EBITDA excluding certain expenses may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Adjustments to reconcile segment results to consolidated results are included under the caption “Corporate and other,” which primarily includes unallocated corporate activity.
To ensure comparability among periods, EBITDA excluding certain expenses for each segment has been recast to report results for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2013 as if The Center existed in prior periods and allocated its costs in a manner consistent with the current period methodology. The creation of The Center and changes in the allocation methodology had no impact on previously reported EBITDA excluding certain expenses for total EDMC. See Item 1, “Financial Statements,” Note 14, “Segment Reporting” for a reconciliation of EBITDA excluding certain expenses by reportable segment to consolidated loss before income taxes.
Net revenues and EBITDA excluding certain expenses by reportable segment were as follows (in thousands):
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
For the Nine Months Ended March 31,
Net revenues:
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
The Art Institutes
$
358,624

 
$
393,560

 
$
1,086,613

 
$
1,185,232

Argosy University
91,729

 
94,430

 
251,518

 
268,663

Brown Mackie Colleges
65,858

 
73,876

 
205,507

 
226,122

South University
78,991

 
77,037

 
225,617

 
223,346

Total EDMC
$
595,202

 
$
638,903

 
$
1,769,255

 
$
1,903,363

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EBITDA excluding certain expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Art Institutes
$
78,988

 
$
101,081

 
$
226,077

 
$
288,250

Argosy University
19,176

 
16,250

 
25,108

 
31,269

Brown Mackie Colleges
4,560

 
7,638

 
17,967

 
25,824

South University
13,178

 
15,777

 
30,727

 
32,140

Corporate and other
(20,877
)
 
(18,791
)
 
(65,603
)
 
(65,341
)
Total EDMC
$
95,025

 
$
121,955

 
$
234,276

 
$
312,142

    
Depreciation and amortization expense, which is excluded from EBITDA excluding certain expenses, was as follows for each reportable segment (in thousands):
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
For the Nine Months Ended March 31,
Depreciation and Amortization:
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
The Art Institutes
$
18,276

 
$
20,689

 
$
57,725

 
$
59,969

Argosy University
3,918

 
4,294

 
11,527

 
12,753

Brown Mackie Colleges
5,043

 
5,503

 
15,475

 
17,116

South University
3,239

 
3,377

 
9,835

 
9,885

Corporate and other *
6,633

 
6,403

 
19,745

 
23,944

Total EDMC
$
37,109

 
$
40,266

 
$
114,307

 
$
123,667


* Includes a $4.6 million charge in the nine months ended March 31, 2013 pertaining to software related assets that no longer had a useful life.





45


Three Months Ended March 31, 2014 (current quarter) Compared with the Three Months Ended March 31, 2013 (prior year quarter)
The Art Institutes
Net revenues decreased by $34.9 million, or 8.9 percent, to $358.6 million in the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter due primarily to a decrease in average enrolled student body of 7.5 percent, or approximately 5,000 students. The decrease in average enrolled student body was primarily the result of the factors described above under "Key Trends, Developments and Challenges." In addition, The Art Institutes awarded a larger amount of scholarships to students in the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter, which also contributed to the year-over-year decrease in net revenues.
The declines in average enrolled student body and net revenues contributed to the $22.1 million decrease in EBITDA excluding certain expenses, which fell to $79.0 million in the current quarter. Primarily as a result of our efforts to keep costs aligned with current enrollment levels, operating expenses, excluding depreciation and amortization, decreased by 4.4 percent year-over-year.
However, operating expenses increased as a percentage of net revenues in the current quarter due primarily to reduced operating leverage from employee-related costs for non-marketing personnel and rent expense. Additionally, bad debt expense increased in the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter primarily due to higher short-term and long-term receivable balances including purchased loan program balances resulting from the increased extension of credit to students. Also contributing to the increase were legal and consulting services costs, the latter of which was incurred in part to assist future process optimization and centralization efforts to support student affordability. Partially offsetting the above increases was improved student to instructor ratios and a decrease in marketing and admissions due primarily to continued improvement in admissions productivity.
Argosy University
Net revenues decreased by $2.7 million, or 2.9 percent, to $91.7 million in the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter due to primarily to a decrease in average enrolled student body of 7.0 percent, or approximately 1,780 students and a higher amount of scholarships awarded in the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter. These decreases were partially offset by more revenue days in the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter due to the timing of academic term starts. The decrease in net revenues was more than offset by lower marketing and admissions expense as a percentage of net revenues in the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter, which resulted in a $2.9 million increase to EBITDA excluding certain expenses to $19.2 million in the current quarter.
Brown Mackie Colleges
Net revenues decreased $8.0 million, or 10.9 percent, to $65.9 million in the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter due primarily to a decrease in average enrolled student body of 9.7 percent, or approximately 1,660 students. The above decrease in net revenues coupled with reduced operating leverage resulted in a $3.1 million decrease in EBITDA excluding certain expenses to $4.6 million in the current quarter.
South University
Despite a decrease in average enrolled student body of 2.1 percent, or approximately 390 students, net revenues increased $2.0 million, or 2.5 percent, to $79.0 million in the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter. The decrease in average enrolled student body was more than offset by an increase in revenue per student in the current quarter due to an increase in average registered credits per student resulting primarily from a greater mix of campus-based students, who typically take a higher credit load relative to fully-online students. Employee-related costs and bad debt expense increased in the current quarter compared to the prior year quarter resulting in a $2.6 million decrease to EBITDA excluding certain expenses, which was $13.2 million in the current quarter.
Nine Months Ended March 31, 2014 (current period) Compared with the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2013 (prior year period)
The Art Institutes
Net revenues decreased by $98.6 million, or 8.3 percent, to $1,086.6 million in the current period compared to the prior year period due primarily to a decrease in average enrolled student body of 7.6 percent, or approximately 5,160 students. The Art Institutes also awarded a larger amount of scholarships to students in the current period compared to the prior year period, which also contributed to the year-over-year decrease in net revenues. The declines in average enrolled student body and net revenues contributed to the $62.2 million decrease in EBITDA excluding certain expenses, which fell to $226.1 million in the current period along with reduced operating leverage from employee-related costs for non-marketing personnel and rent expense. In addition, legal and consulting services costs increased compared to the prior year period, the latter of which was incurred in part to assist future process optimization and centralization efforts to support student affordability.

46


Argosy University
Net revenues decreased by $17.1 million, or 6.4 percent, to $251.5 million in the current period compared to the prior year period due primarily to a decrease in average enrolled student body of 6.5 percent, or approximately 1,640 students as well as the higher amount of scholarships awarded. The decrease in net revenues substantially contributed to a $6.2 million decrease in EBITDA excluding certain expenses from the prior year period, which was $25.1 million in the current period.
Brown Mackie Colleges
Net revenues decreased $20.6 million, or 9.1 percent, to $205.5 million in the current period compared to the prior year period due primarily to a decrease in average enrolled student body of 8.8 percent, or approximately 1,520 students. The above decrease in net revenues coupled with reduced operating leverage resulted in a $7.9 million decrease in EBITDA excluding certain expenses to $18.0 million in the current period. In addition, the prior year period benefited from a favorable rent credit at one of Brown Mackie Colleges' leased school locations that did not occur in the current year period.
South University
Despite a decrease in average enrolled student body of 5.8 percent, or approximately 1,120 students, net revenues increased $2.3 million, or 1.0 percent, to $225.6 million in the current period compared to the prior year period. The decrease in average enrolled student body was more than offset by an increase in revenue per student in the current period due to an increase in average registered credits per student resulting primarily from a greater mix of campus-based students, who typically take a higher credit load relative to fully-online students. EBITDA excluding certain expenses decreased by $1.4 million to $30.7 million in the current year period primarily due to higher employee-related costs of non-marketing personnel.
Liquidity and Funds of Capital Resources
We finance our operating activities primarily by cash generated from operations, and our primary source of cash is tuition collected from our students. Most of the students at our institutions based in the United States rely, at least in part, on financial assistance programs to pay for their education, the most significant of which are federal student aid programs under Title IV of the HEA. Subject to satisfactory resolution of the debt covenant issue described below, we believe that cash flow from operations, supplemented from time to time with borrowings under our revolving credit facility, will provide adequate funds for ongoing operations, planned capital expenditures and debt service during the next twelve months.
The terms of our senior credit facilities require us to satisfy and maintain a maximum total leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio. While we have satisfied the financial ratios as of March 31, 2014, we believe that we will likely not satisfy the financial covenant compliance ratios for the twelve month period ending June 30, 2014. A violation of these covenants, unless waived by the lenders or otherwise cured, would constitute an event of default under the senior secured credit facilities and indenture pursuant to which the PIK Notes were issued, thereby allowing the lenders to demand immediate payment in full of all amounts outstanding and terminate their obligations to make additional loans and issue new letters of credit under the revolving credit facility. We are currently in discussions with our lenders with respect to the potential violation of the financial ratio covenants with a view toward obtaining amendments to the debt agreement or waiver of the covenants so as to be in compliance as of June 30, 2014. While we believe that we can negotiate an acceptable resolution, we may not be able to negotiate such amendments or waiver and such amendments or waiver may not be on terms that we find to be acceptable.
Operating cash flows
Cash flows provided by operating activities for the nine months ended March 31, 2014 were $172.2 million compared to $286.2 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2013. The decrease in operating cash flow was primarily due to lower operating results.
The substantial majority of our consolidated net revenues is derived from the receipt by students of Title IV financial aid program funds, but the extent to which we extend credit to our students has increased in recent years due to decreases in the availability of PLUS program and private loans for students. We expect this trend to continue in the future. We extend credit to students to help fund the difference between our total tuition and fees and the amount covered by other sources, including amounts awarded under Title IV programs, private loans obtained by students, and cash payments by students. The repayment period for financing made available to students is currently set at a maximum of 42 months beyond graduation, and the total amount of gross receivables that extend beyond twelve months was $74.2 million at March 31, 2014 and $45.8 million at March 31, 2013, which includes amounts awarded under a program that commenced in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013 under which we purchase loans awarded and disbursed to our students from a private lender. We do not expect future loan purchases to have a material impact on our cash flow from operations in fiscal 2014 because there would be greater use of our payment plans absent this program.

47


Bad debt expense as a percentage of net revenues was 7.1 percent and 6.8 percent for the nine months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. If students continue to utilize the funding sources described above, our bad debt expense as a percentage of net revenues will remain high and our cash flow from operations will continue to be impacted negatively due to delayed receipts of cash from students. Although these funding sources are not federal student loans that would otherwise directly affect our published federal student loan cohort default rates, they may have an indirect negative impact on the federal student loan cohort default rates because our students may effectively have more total debt upon graduation than in past periods.
Our student receivables balance reaches a peak immediately after the billing of tuition and fees at the beginning of each academic period. We collect the majority of these receivables at or near the start of each academic period when we receive federal financial aid proceeds and cash payments from continuing students. Because the academic terms of our programs do not all coincide with our quarterly reporting periods, we may have quarterly fluctuations in cash receipts, reported net cash flows from operations, net accounts receivable, unearned tuition and advance payment balances. The changes to start dates of academic terms did not have a significant impact on our consolidated cash flow from operations for the nine months ended March 31, 2014 as compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2013.
The significant majority of our facilities are leased under operating lease agreements, and we anticipate that future commitments on existing leases will be satisfied by cash provided by operating activities. We also expect to extend the terms of leases that will expire in the near future or enter into similar long-term commitments for comparable space.
Direct Loan Programs and Private Student Loans
On a consolidated basis, cash received from students attending our institutions that was derived from Title IV programs represented approximately 73 percent of our total cash receipts during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013. These receipts include $368.4 million of stipends, which are receipts by students of financing that exceed the tuition and fees paid to our institutions. Stipends are disbursed to students to use for living and other expenses incurred while attending school and are not included in our consolidated net revenues. For purposes of the 90/10 Rule, which tests receipts from Title IV programs on a cash basis and excludes certain receipts such as stipends, the percentage of revenues derived by each of our 18 institutions from Title IV programs during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013 ranged from 56 percent to approximately 82 percent, with a weighted average of approximately 76 percent.
Our students' ability to obtain private loans has decreased substantially during the last three fiscal years due to adverse market conditions for consumer student loans. While we are taking steps to address the private loan needs of our students as described above, the consumer lending market could worsen. The inability of our students to finance their education could cause our student population to decrease, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Investing cash flows
Capital expenditures were $52.8 million, or 3.0 percent of net revenues, in the nine months ended March 31, 2014, compared to $64.6 million, or 3.4 percent of net revenues, in the nine months ended March 31, 2013. We expect capital expenditures to approximate $80.0 million for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2014.
During the current period, we completed a sale-leaseback transaction with an unrelated third party for net proceeds of $9.6 million, and in the prior year period we completed five sale-leaseback transactions with unrelated third parties for net proceeds of $65.1 million. In both years, we entered into operating lease agreements with the purchasers for all properties at initial lease terms ranging from three to 15 years.
Reimbursements for tenant improvements represent cash paid for capital expenditures in which the terms of the applicable lease agreements require the lessors to reimburse the Company for leasehold improvements.
Financing cash flows
As a result of the Transaction, we are highly leveraged and our debt service requirements are significant. As of March 31, 2014, we had $1.3 billion in aggregate indebtedness outstanding. The largest portion of our debt is a senior secured credit facility, which currently consists of a $1.1 billion term loan and a $328.3 million revolving credit facility, that we obtained in connection with the Transaction. The term loan requires quarterly payments of $3.0 million to be made on a quarterly basis. We borrowed $75.0 million under the revolving credit facility at June 30, 2013 in order to satisfy year-end regulatory financial ratios, which was repaid on July 1, 2013 from cash on hand at fiscal year-end. We did not borrow against the revolving credit facility at any other point during fiscal 2013 or in the nine months ended March 31, 2014.
At March 31, 2014, we had issued an aggregate of $354.0 million in letters of credit, the majority of which are issued to the U.S. Department of Education, which requires us to maintain one or more letters of credit due to our failure to satisfy certain regulatory financial ratios after giving effect to the Transaction. The amount of the letter of credit requirement in favor of the U.S. Department of Education was $348.6 million at March 31, 2014, which equals 15 percent of the total Title IV aid

48


received by students attending our institutions during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2012. The U.S. Department of Education subsequently decreased its letter of credit requirement from $348.6 million to $302.2 million, which equals 15 percent of total Title IV aid received by students who attended our institutions during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013. Subsequent to March 31, 2014, we reduced the outstanding letter of credit to $302.2 million, which increased the amount available for borrowing under the revolving credit facility by $46.4 million compared to March 31, 2014.
In order to fund the letter of credit obligation to the U.S. Department of Education at March 31, 2014, we used all $200.0 million of capacity under our two cash secured letter of credit facilities and $148.6 million of letter of credit capacity under the revolving credit facility. Letters of credit outstanding under the revolving credit facility reduce the amount available for borrowing; therefore, the amount available to borrow under the revolving credit facility was $174.3 million at March 31, 2014. The borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility increased to $220.7 million in April 2014 due to the $46.4 million decrease in the letter of credit we post with the U.S. Department of Education. On April 29, 2014, we borrowed $220.5 million on the revolving credit facility in connection with our ongoing negotiations with our lenders. We estimate this additional borrowing will result in an additional $2.4 million of interest expense in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014 in the event that it is not repaid prior to June 30, 2014.
In the nine months ended March 31, 2014, we classified $6.4 million as a financing cash inflow related to the exercise of time-based stock options and the gross excess tax benefits associated with these exercises along with vesting of restricted stock units. In connection with the vesting of restricted stock units that occurred during the current period, we paid $3.2 million in minimum tax withholdings on behalf of our employees; in exchange, we retained shares equal to the value of the required tax withholding payments on the vesting dates.
We may from time to time use cash on hand to retire or purchase our outstanding debt through open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material.
Covenant Compliance
Under its senior secured credit facilities, our subsidiary, EM LLC, is required to satisfy a maximum total leverage ratio, a minimum interest coverage ratio and other financial conditions tests. As of March 31, 2014, EM LLC was in compliance with the financial and non-financial covenants. Our excess coverage on the financial covenants is typically at its lowest as of December 31 and June 30 each year as a result of cash being used in the second and fourth quarters of our fiscal year due to the timing of the starts of our academic terms. While we have continued to satisfy applicable financial covenant compliance ratios, due to declining operating performance, the margin between actual results and the covenant requirements has decreased significantly over the past 12 months. Our continued ability to meet those financial ratios and tests can be affected by events beyond our control, and we cannot assure you that we will meet those ratios and tests in the future.
Based on revised projections for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, we believe that we will likely not satisfy the financial covenant compliance ratios for the twelve month period ending June 30, 2014. A violation of these covenants, unless waived by the lenders or otherwise cured, would constitute an event of default under the senior secured credit facilities and indenture pursuant to which the PIK Notes were issued, thereby allowing the lenders to demand immediate payment in full of all amounts outstanding and terminate their obligations to make additional loans and issue new letters of credit under the revolving credit facility. We are currently in discussions with our lenders with respect to the potential violation of the financial ratio covenants with a view toward obtaining amendments to the debt agreements or waiver of the covenants so as to be in compliance as of June 30, 2014. While we believe we can negotiate an acceptable resolution, we may not be able to negotiate such amendments or waiver and such amendments or waiver may not be on terms we find to be acceptable. If we are unable to obtain a waiver from our lenders or amend the terms of our existing debt agreements on acceptable terms, it would have a material adverse effect on our business and financial position.
The breach of covenants in the credit agreement governing our senior secured credit facilities that are tied to ratios based on Adjusted EBITDA could result in a default under that agreement, in which case the lenders could elect to declare all borrowed amounts immediately due and payable. Any such acceleration would also result in a default under our indenture governing the PIK Notes. Additionally, under the credit agreement governing our senior secured credit facilities and the indenture governing the PIK Notes, our subsidiaries’ ability to engage in activities, such as incurring additional indebtedness, making investments and paying dividends or other distributions, is also tied to ratios based on Adjusted EBITDA.
Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure used to determine our compliance with certain covenants contained in the indenture governing the PIK Notes and in the credit agreement governing our senior secured credit facilities. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA further adjusted to exclude unusual items and other adjustments permitted in calculating covenant compliance under our senior secured credit facilities and the indenture governing the PIK Notes. We believe that the inclusion of supplementary adjustments to EBITDA applied in presenting Adjusted EBITDA is appropriate to provide additional information to demonstrate compliance with our financial covenants.

49


Adjusted EBITDA does not represent net income or cash flows from operations which are terms defined by GAAP, and does not necessarily indicate whether cash flows will be sufficient to fund cash needs. Adjusted EBITDA also does not represent EBITDA excluding certain expenses, which is the measure used by the chief operating decision maker to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources. In addition, unlike GAAP measures such as net income and earnings per share, Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of our obligations to make interest payments on our other debt service obligations, which have increased substantially as a result of the indebtedness incurred in June 2006 to finance the Transaction and related expenses. Although Adjusted EBITDA and similar measures frequently are used as measures of operations and the ability to meet debt service requirements, these terms are not necessarily comparable to other similarly titled captions of other companies due to the potential inconsistencies in the method of calculation. Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of earnings or charges resulting from matters that we may consider not to be indicative of our ongoing operations. In particular, the definition of Adjusted EBITDA in our senior credit facilities and the indenture governing the PIK Notes allows us to add back certain non-cash, extraordinary, unusual or non-recurring charges that are deducted in calculating net income. However, these are expenses that may recur, vary greatly and are difficult to predict. Further, our debt instruments require that Adjusted EBITDA be calculated for the most recent four fiscal quarters. As a result, the measure can be affected disproportionately by a particularly strong or weak quarter. Further, it may not be comparable to the measure for any subsequent twelve-month period or any complete fiscal year.
The following is a reconciliation of net income, which is a GAAP measure of operating results, to Adjusted EBITDA for EM LLC as defined in its debt agreements. The terms and related calculations are defined in the senior secured credit agreement (in millions).
 
For the Twelve Month Period
Ended March 31, 2014
Net loss
$
(477.7
)
Interest expense, net
126.3

Income tax benefit
(54.0
)
Depreciation and amortization
155.4

EBITDA
(250.0
)
Long-lived asset impairments (1)
513.1

Non-cash compensation (2)
18.8

Severance and relocation
22.0

Settlement-related costs
7.9

Other
18.7

Adjusted EBITDA - Covenant Compliance
$
330.5

 
(1)
We recorded a $433.7 million goodwill impairment and a $75.5 trade name impairment at The Art Institutes during the quarter ended March 31, 2014. In addition, we recorded an impairment of $3.8 million at two of our locations in the quarter ended December 31, 2013 as estimated future cash flows were insufficient to support the carrying values of their property and equipment.
(2)
Represents non-cash expense primarily related to stock options and restricted stock units.

Our financial covenant requirements under the senior secured credit facilities and actual ratios for the twelve month period ended March 31, 2014 were as follows:
 
 
Covenant
Requirements
 
Actual
Ratios
Senior secured credit facility
 
 
 
Adjusted EBITDA to Consolidated Interest Expense ratio
Minimum of 2.75x
 
2.82x
Consolidated Total Debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratio
Maximum of 3.50x
 
3.32x
New Negotiated Rulemaking
On April 16, 2013, the U.S. Department of Education announced its intention to establish one or more negotiated rulemaking committees to propose additional new regulations under the HEA. In January 2014, the U.S. Department of Education commenced negotiated rulemaking sessions to implement changes to the Clery Act required by the Violence Against Women Act which, among other items, requires institutions to compile additional statistics for certain crimes reported to campus security authorities or local police agencies, and include such information in its annual security report. Since consensus was reached on the changes to the Clery Act, a final regulation is expected no later than November 1, 2014 with an

50


effective date of July 1, 2015. Additionally, another series of negotiated rulemaking sessions to address program integrity and improvement issues was held in February, March, and April 2014, with an additional session scheduled for May 2014, to address cash management of Title IV funds including use of debit cards and handling of Title IV credit balances; state authorization for programs offered through distance or correspondence education; state authorization for non-U.S. locations of educational institutions; clock to credit hour conversion; the definition of "adverse credit" for borrowers under the Federal Direct PLUS Loan Program; and the application of repeat coursework provisions to graduate and undergraduate programs. An additional session has been scheduled for May 2014. These negotiated rulemaking initiatives are expected to produce new regulations in a variety of areas. If the final regulations are published by November 1, 2014, the effective date of any such regulations would be effective on or after July 1, 2015.
The U.S. Department of Education also held negotiated rulemaking sessions to discuss a proposed "gainful employment" rule in September, November, and December 2013.  On March 25, 2014, the U.S. Department of Education published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on the gainful employment regulation for comment by the public for a sixty day period or May 27, 2014. The proposed regulatory language would cause each educational program covered by the rule to fail if its graduates' student-loan debt payments exceed 12 percent of their annual incomes and 30 percent of their discretionary incomes, the same ratios as in the original rule. Programs whose graduates have debt-to-annual-income ratios of 8 percent to 12 percent or debt-to-discretionary-income ratios of 20 percent to 30 percent would fall in a “zone”, and the institution would have to warn students that they might become ineligible for aid. Programs that fail both debt-to-annual-income tests twice in any three-year period or are in the zone or failing for four consecutive years would be ineligible for federal student aid. In response to the 2012 Court ruling, the proposed gainful employment regulation uses programmatic cohort default rates rather than loan-repayment rates as an additional test. Programs whose borrower cohort default rates equal or exceed 30 percent for three consecutive years would be ineligible for federal student aid. The comment period runs through May 27, 2014, after which the U.S. Department of Education will consider revisions to the proposed rule. A final rule must be published in the Federal Register by November 1, 2014 to be effective as of July 1, 2015. If the final gainful employment rule is substantially similar to the proposed rule published for comment, it would have a material adverse effect on our business.
The U.S. Department of Education has also conducted listening tours to solicit public feedback building on President Obama’s call for a national college ratings system. The Secretary of the Department has publicly stated that the draft college ratings system is expected to be released in early 2014 for comment and will be rolled out in 2015-2016. The President would also like to request legislation that would tie federal student aid to college performance with an implementation goal of 2018.
Use of Estimates and Critical Accounting Policies
During the three months ended March 31, 2014, we recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment of $433.7 million at The Art Institutes reporting unit. Refer to Item 1, "Financial Statements," Note 5, "Goodwill and Intangible Assets" for more information. The following table illustrates the amount of goodwill allocated to each reporting unit as well as the deficit, if any, created between the fair value and the carrying value of each reporting unit that would occur given hypothetical reductions in their respective fair values at March 31, 2014:
 
 
 
Step One Analysis:
 
 
 
Deficit Caused By Hypothetical Reductions to Fair Value
 
 
 
(in millions)
 
Goodwill
 
5%
 
15%
 
25%
 
35%
The Art Institutes
$
217

 
$

 
$

 
$
(47
)
 
$
(113
)
Argosy University
80

 

 
(2
)
 
(8
)
 
(14
)
South University
46

 

 

 

 

Total EDMC
$
343

 
$

 
$
(2
)
 
$
(55
)
 
$
(127
)
Holding all other factors constant, an increase in the discount rate of 100 basis points would not have resulted in the carrying values of The Art Institutes, Argosy University and South University exceeding their estimated fair values at March 31, 2014 (after recording the current quarter goodwill impairment charge at The Art Institutes).
Contingencies
Refer to Item 1 “Financial Statements,” Note 12 “Contingencies."




51


Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
We lease most of our facilities under operating lease agreements and anticipate that future commitments on existing leases will be satisfied by cash provided from operating activities. We also expect to extend the terms of leases that will expire in the near future or enter into similar long-term commitments for comparable space.
At March 31, 2014, we have provided $19.9 million of surety bonds primarily to state regulatory agencies through four different surety providers. We believe that these surety bonds will expire without being funded; therefore, the commitments are not expected to affect our financial condition.
New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
None.
Certain Risks and Uncertainties
Certain of the matters that we discuss in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements, which are based on information currently available to management, typically contain words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “approximately, ” “plans,” “projects” or similar words and concern our strategy, plans or intentions. However, the absence of these or similar words does not mean that any particular statement is not forward-looking. All of the statements that we make relating to estimated and projected earnings, margins, costs, expenditures, cash flows, growth rates and financial results are forward looking statements. In addition, from time to time, we make forward-looking public statements concerning our expected future operations and performance and other developments. These and any other forward-looking statements involve estimates, assumptions, known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially and unpredictably from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. We derive many of our forward-looking statements from our operating budgets and forecasts, which are based upon many detailed assumptions, and we caution that it is very difficult to predict the impact of known factors, and impossible to anticipate all factors, that could affect our actual results.
Some of the factors that we believe could affect our results and that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations include, but are not limited to: the timing and magnitude of student enrollment and changes in student mix, including the relative proportions of on-ground and online students enrolled in our programs; changes in average registered credits taken by students; student retention; our ability to maintain eligibility to participate in Title IV programs; changes in government spending; other changes in our students' ability to access federal and state financial aid, as well as private loans from third-party lenders; any difficulties we may face in opening new schools, growing our online academic programs and otherwise implementing our growth strategy; increased or unanticipated legal and regulatory costs, including settlement amounts related to litigation; the results of program reviews and audits; changes in accreditation standards; the implementation of new operating procedures for our fully-online programs; the potential impact of the gainful employment regulation expected to be issued by the U. S. Department of Education; adjustments to our programmatic offerings to comply with the 90/10 rule; modifications to our marketing programs to respond to market conditions and as part of our cost saving initiatives; our high degree of leverage and our ability to generate sufficient cash to service all of our debt obligations and other liquidity needs; our ability to refinance our existing indebtedness, including our revolving credit facility which expires on June 1, 2015; other market and credit risks associated with the post-secondary education industry, adverse media coverage of the industry and overall condition of the industry; changes in the overall U.S. or global economy; disruptions or other changes in access to the credit and equity markets in the United States and worldwide; and the effects of war, terrorism, natural disasters or other catastrophic events.
The foregoing review of factors should not be construed as exhaustive. For a more detailed discussion of certain risk factors affecting the Company's risk profile, see Part II, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2013. The Company expressly disclaims any current intention to update any forward-looking statements contained in this report.

52


ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
There have been no significant changes to our market risk since June 30, 2013. For a discussion of our exposure to market risk, refer to Part II, Item 7A "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" of our June 30, 2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Company, under the supervision and participation of its management, which include the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of its “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act. This evaluation was conducted as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that, because of a material weakness in internal controls over financial reporting related to the accounting for goodwill impairment, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are not effective.
During the quarter ended March 31, 2014, the Company identified errors in prior periods in the calculation of deferred taxes that is required in connection with the hypothetical purchase price allocation performed in the step two portion of the goodwill impairment test. The errors in calculating the deferred taxes affected the magnitude of the goodwill impairment charges previously recorded. The impact of these errors was not material to any prior period; however, the aggregate pre-tax amount of the prior period errors would have been material to the Company's consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2014. Therefore, the lack of internal controls indicated to management that deficiencies existed in internal controls over financial reporting that potentially would not prevent or detect a material misstatement to the consolidated financial statements. The Company is in the process of actively addressing and remediating this material weakness.
Notwithstanding the identified material weakness, management believes the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly present in all material respects the Company's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows at and for the periods presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Except as noted above, there were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the most recent quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.



53


PART II

OTHER INFORMATION



ITEM 1.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, the Company is involved in litigation and other legal disputes in the ordinary course of business. Refer to Part I, Item 1, "Financial Statements," Note 12, "Contingencies" of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information regarding certain legal proceedings, which is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information set forth below, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2013 and in our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2013, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also adversely affect our business or financial performance.

We currently are subject to lawsuits filed under the federal False Claims Act, and in the future, government and regulatory and accrediting agencies may conduct compliance reviews, bring claims or initiate other litigation against us, which may adversely impact our licensing or accreditation status, or Title IV eligibility, and thereby adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows.
From time to time, we may be subject to program reviews, audits, investigations, claims of non-compliance or lawsuits by governmental or accrediting agencies or third parties, which may allege statutory violations, regulatory infractions or common law causes of action. For example, we are the subject of two qui tam actions filed under the federal False Claims Act, as discussed above in Item 1, "Financial Statements," Note 12, "Contingencies." In the Washington case, the U.S. Department of Justice and five states have intervened under their respective False Claims Acts related to our compliance with the U.S. Department of Education's prior incentive compensation rule. The Sobek case alleges that we violated the U.S. Department of Education's substantial misrepresentation regulation and did not properly track student academic progress. In both cases, the relators seek to recover treble the amount of actual damages allegedly sustained by the federal government as a result of the alleged activity, plus civil monetary damages. Consequently, while we believe these claims are without merit and intend to vigorously defend ourselves, an outcome adverse to us could result in a substantial judgment against us that could have a materially adverse effect on our financial condition. See Item 3, “Legal Proceedings" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2013 and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed thereafter.
We are also the subject of a subpoena from the Office of Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Education requesting policies and procedures related to Argosy University's attendance, withdrawal and return to Title IV policies during the period of July 1, 2010 through December 31, 2011 and detailed information on a number of students who enrolled in Argosy University's Bachelor's of Psychology degree program. We are cooperating with the Office of Inspector General in connection with its investigation. Additionally, the U.S. Department of Justice recently notified us that we are being investigated by the U.S. Attorney's Offices for the Middle District of Tennessee and the Western District of Pennsylvania in connection with separate claims under the federal False Claims Act. Further, the U.S. Department of Education may take emergency action to suspend any of our schools' certification without advance notice if it receives reliable information that a school is violating Title IV requirements and determines that immediate action is necessary to prevent the misuse of Title IV program funds.
If the results of any such proceedings are unfavorable to us, we may lose or have limitations imposed on our accreditation, state licensing, state grant or Title IV program participation, be required to pay monetary damages or be subject to fines, penalties, injunctions or other censure that could materially and adversely affect our business. We also may be limited in our ability to open new schools or add new program offerings and may be adversely impacted by the negative publicity surrounding an investigation or lawsuit. Even if we adequately address the issues raised by an agency review or investigation or successfully defend a third-party lawsuit, we may suffer interruptions in cash flows due to, among other things, transfer from the advance funding to the “reimbursement” or “heightened cash monitoring” method of Title IV program funding, and we may have to devote significant money and management resources to address these issues, which could harm our business. We cannot predict that litigation with respect to which we are in settlement discussions will be settled and, if so, in amounts

54


expected or within estimated accruals for loss contingencies, or if such settlements will be covered by insurance. Additionally, we may experience adverse collateral consequences, including declines in the number of students enrolling at our schools and the willingness of third parties to deal with us or our schools, as a result of any negative publicity associated with such reviews, claims or litigation.
Increased scrutiny of post-secondary education providers by Congress, State Attorneys General and various governmental agencies may lead to increased regulatory burdens and costs.
We and other proprietary post-secondary education providers have been subject to increased regulatory scrutiny and litigation in recent years. State Attorneys General, the U. S. Department of Education, members and committees of Congress and other parties have increasingly focused on allegations of improper recruiter compensation practices and deceptive marketing practices, among other issues. For example, on July 30, 2012, the majority staff of the HELP Committee issued a report, "For Profit Higher Education: The Failure to Safeguard the Federal Investment and Ensure Student Success." While stating that proprietary colleges and universities have an important role to play in higher education and should be well-equipped to meet the needs of non-traditional students who now constitute the majority of the post-secondary educational population, the majority staff report was highly critical of these institutions. The report contended that these institutions have a high cost of attendance, engage in aggressive and deceptive recruiting, have high drop-out rates, provide insufficient student support services, and are responsible for high levels of student debt and loan defaults, among other things. The report called for increased disclosure of information about student outcomes at proprietary colleges and universities, prohibiting institutions from using federal financial aid funding to market, advertise and recruit, amending the 90/10 Rule to prohibit these institutions from receiving more than 85 percent of their revenues from federal funds, prohibiting the use of mandatory binding arbitration clauses in enrollment agreements, and other measures ostensibly to protect students and taxpayers.
On January 30, 2014, the FTC announced a new system to handle complaints from military veterans and service members regarding higher education institutions, providing customized online reporting forms to file complaints directly with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and the U.S. Department of Defense regarding issues such as cost of attendance, marketing, graduation rates, program quality employment prospects, and course credit. Students may also email similar complaints to the U.S. Department of Education. These complaints will be forwarded to the FTC's Consumer Sentinel Network database. In November 2013, the FTC published revised Guides for Private Vocational and Distance Education Schools expanding the scope of potential liability of proprietary schools and setting forth more stringent restrictions on advertising and recruitment practices by expanding the activities that the FTC considers "deceptive." The FTC actions are intended to comply with the Improving Transparency of Educational Opportunities for Veterans Act of 2012 which requires the FTC to partner with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and other agencies to improve outreach and transparency regarding the quality of instruction, recruiting practices, and post-graduate employment by higher education institutions. In addition, in February 2014 the FTC requested documents and information from a publicly traded proprietary education company about the company's marketing, advertising and the sale of post-secondary products and services in order to determine whether violations of the Federal Trade Commerce Act occurred.
Additionally, a number of State Attorneys General have launched investigations into proprietary post-secondary education institutions, including some of our schools. We received subpoenas or requests for documents from the Attorneys General of Florida, Kentucky, New York, Colorado, and Massachusetts in October 2010, December 2010, August 2011, September 2012, and January 2013 respectively, and the San Francisco, California City Attorney in December 2011 in connection with investigations of our institutions and their business practices. We have nine schools located in Florida, three schools located in Kentucky, one school located in New York, two schools in Colorado, and one school in Massachusetts. In July 2011, the Attorney General of Kentucky announced a national bipartisan effort including 19 states to examine potential abuses by proprietary educational institutions. While the initial goal of the joint investigation is sharing information among the Attorneys General about potential violations of consumer protection laws, the Attorney General of Kentucky indicated that the Attorneys General may ultimately attempt to compel proprietary institutions located in their respective jurisdictions to revise their recruiting practices.
We received inquiries from 13 states in January 2014 and an additional state in March 2014 regarding our business practices. The Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania informed us that it will serve as the point of contact for the inquiries related to us. The inquiries focus on our practices relating to the recruitment of students, graduate placement statistics, graduate certification and licensing results, and student lending activities, among other matters. Several other companies in the proprietary education industry have disclosed that they received similar inquiries. Further, in February 2014 the CFPB filed a lawsuit against a publicly traded company in the education industry alleging that it engaged in predatory lending practices.
We cannot predict the extent to which, or whether, these regulatory actions, hearings, and investigations will result in legislation, further rulemaking affecting our participation in Title IV programs, or litigation alleging statutory violations,

55


regulatory infractions or common law causes of action. The adoption of any law or regulation that reduces funding for federal student financial aid programs or the ability of our schools or students to participate in these programs could have a material adverse effect on our student population and revenue. Legislative action also may increase our administrative costs and require us to modify our practices in order for our schools to comply with applicable requirements. Additionally, actions by State Attorneys General and other governmental agencies could damage our reputation and limit our ability to recruit and enroll students, which could reduce student demand for our programs and adversely impact our revenue and cash flow from operations.
Our regulatory environment and our reputation may be negatively influenced by the actions of other post-secondary education institutions and the current media environment.
In recent years, there have been a number of regulatory investigations and civil litigation matters targeting post-secondary education institution, including the HELP Committee hearings on the proprietary education sector during 2010 and 2011 and the resulting report issued by the majority staff of the HELP Committee on July 30, 2012. In addition, a number of State Attorneys General have launched investigations into post-secondary institutions, including some of our schools. Moreover, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and State Attorneys General are also investigating student-lending practices at proprietary institutions, which actions are expected to continue and could expand in 2014. Private parties have recently filed a number of significant lawsuits against post-secondary institutions alleging wrongdoing, including the misstatement of graduate job placement rates. The HELP Committee hearings, along with other recent investigations and lawsuits, have included allegation of, among other things, deceptive trade practices, false claims against the United States and non-compliance with state and U.S. Department of Education regulations. These allegations have attracted significant adverse media coverage. The intervention by the U.S. Department of Justice and five states in a qui tam case involving our alleged violation of the U.S. Department of Education’s prior incentive compensation rules has also drawn significant media attention. Allegations against the post-secondary education sectors may impact general public perceptions of educational institutions, including us, in a negative manner. Adverse media coverage regarding other educational institutions or regarding us directly could damage our reputation, reduce student demand for our programs, adversely impact our net revenues, cash flows and operating profit or result in increased regulatory scrutiny.
Government laws and regulations are evolving and unfavorable changes could harm our business.
We are subject to general business regulations and laws, as well as regulations and laws specifically governing the post-secondary industry. Existing and future laws, regulations, and executive orders may impede our growth. These regulations, laws, and orders may cover consumer protection, taxation, privacy, data protection, pricing, content, copyrights, distribution, mobile communications, electronic device certification, electronic waste, electronic contracts and other communications and Internet services. We are also subject to federal and state lobbying regulation as well as new federal disclosure requirements regarding the use of conflict minerals (commonly referred to as tantalum, tin, tungsten, and gold), which are mined from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and surrounding countries. Legislation, regulation, and executive orders in the United States as well as international laws and regulations could result in compliance costs which may reduce our revenue and income and/or result in reputational damage, as well as governmental action should our compliance measures not be deemed satisfactory.
Our debt agreements contain restrictions that limit our flexibility in operating our business and financial covenants which we project that we will not satisfy as of June 30, 2014 which, if we are unable to negotiate a waiver or amendment to the senior credit facilities, would result in our indebtedness becoming immediately due and payable.

As of March 31, 2014, we had $1.3 billion in aggregate indebtedness outstanding. The largest portion of our debt is a senior secured credit facility, which currently consists of $1.1 billion of term loans and a $328.3 million revolving credit facility. We also have issued $203.0 million of PIK Notes. At March 31, 2014, we had issued an aggregate of $354.0 million in letters of credit, the majority of which are issued to the U.S. Department of Education, which requires us to maintain one or more letters of credit due to our failure to satisfy certain regulatory financial ratios after giving effect to the Transaction. We issued the letters of credit are issued under two cash secured letter of credit facilities in the aggregate amount of $200.0 million and under the revolving credit facility.

Our senior secured credit facilities and the indenture governing our PIK Notes contain various covenants that limit our ability to engage in specified types of transactions. These covenants limit certain of our subsidiaries' ability to, among other things:
incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares;
pay dividends on, repurchase or make distributions in respect of capital stock or make other restricted payments;
make certain investments, including capital expenditures;

56


sell certain assets;
create liens;
consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; and
enter into certain transactions with affiliates.

The terms of the senior credit facility require us to, among other things, satisfy and maintain a maximum total leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio. Though we were in compliance with the financial covenants as of March 31, 2014, we believe that based on revised projections for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, we will likely not satisfy the financial ratios for the twelve month period ending June 30, 2014. We are currently in discussions with our lenders with respect to the potential violation of the financial ratio covenants with a view toward obtaining amendments to the debt agreements or waiver of the covenants so as to be in compliance as of June 30, 2014. While we believe that we can negotiate an acceptable resolution, we may not be able to negotiate such amendments or waiver and such amendments or waiver may not be on terms that we find to be acceptable. The factors negatively impacting the higher education industry, which have adversely impacted our business, have also made it more difficult to refinance our indebtedness due to investor uncertainty about our results from operations.

A breach of any of these covenants included in our debt agreements, including the financial covenants included in the senior credit facility, would result in a default under the senior secured credit agreement. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the senior secured credit agreement, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under the senior secured credit agreement immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. If we were unable to repay those amounts, the lenders under the senior secured credit facilities could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness. Certain of our subsidiaries have pledged a significant portion of our assets as collateral under the senior secured credit agreement. If the lenders accelerate the repayment of borrowings, we may not have sufficient assets to repay our indebtedness under our senior secured credit facilities, as well as our unsecured indebtedness. In addition, the indenture governing the PIK Notes includes a cross-default provision to debt with a principal amount of greater than $50.0 million, which would require the PIK Notes to be prepaid or redeemed in the event of a default with respect to such debt. In the event of bankruptcy filing by us, all of our schools could lose their eligibility to receive Title IV funds, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

To the extent that we do refinance or amend any portion of our debt, that refinanced debt is likely to be subject to higher interest rates and fees than our existing debt and may impose additional restrictions on our business. In addition, the terms of an amendment may require us to issue shares of common stock or securities convertible into shares of common stock, which could significantly dilute the current shares outstanding. Further, the failure to obtain a timely waiver of a covenant breach or amendment to our debt agreements may require our auditors to issue a going concern opinion on our financial statements as of June 30, 2014, which could result in the U.S. Department of Education, accrediting agencies and state licensing boards to issue further restrictions on our business. Our failure to obtain a waiver from our lenders or amend the terms of the debt agreements on acceptable terms due to a breach of the financial covenants in the senior credit facility would have a material adverse effect on our financial position.
    
ITEM 2.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None

ITEM 3.
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None

ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
None.

ITEM 5.
OTHER INFORMATION
None.



57


ITEM 6.
EXHIBITS INDEX
Number
Document
10.1*
Consulting Agreement dated January 2, 2014 between Education Management LLC and John Kline
10.2*
Amendment No. 2, dated as of April 16, 2014, to the Letter of Credit Facility Agreement, dated as of
November 30, 2011, among Education Management LLC, Education Management Holdings LLC,
Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Collateral Agent and Issuing Bank, and other parties.
10.3*
Amendment No. 2, dated as of April 16, 2014, to the Letter of Credit Facility Agreement, dated as of
March 9, 2012, among Education Management LLC, Education Management Holdings LLC, BNP
Paribas, as Administrative Agent, Collateral Agent and Issuing Bank, and other parties thereto.
31.1*    
Certification of Edward H. West required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) and Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*    
Certification of Mick J. Beekhuizen required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) and Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*    
Certification of Edward H. West required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*    
Certification of Mick J. Beekhuizen required by Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) and Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
 
101.INS      
XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH    
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL    
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF    
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB    
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE    
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
_______________
*Filed herewith.



58


SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
 
 
EDUCATION MANAGEMENT CORPORATION
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/    MICK J. BEEKHUIZEN
 
 
Mick J. Beekhuizen
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Date: May 8, 2014


59