424B5 1 h74960bbe424b5.htm 424B5 e424b5
Table of Contents

Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
Registration No. 333-158446
Prospectus supplement
To prospectus dated July 23, 2009
 
(PETROQUEST ENERGY, INC. LOGO)
PetroQuest Energy, Inc.
$150,000,000
10% Senior Notes due 2017
Issue price:100%
 
Interest will be payable on the notes on March 1 and September 1 of each year. The notes will mature on September 1, 2017. Interest on the notes will accrue from August 19, 2010, and the first interest payment on the notes will be due on March 1, 2011.
 
We may redeem all or part of the notes on or after September 1, 2014, at the applicable redemption prices described in this prospectus supplement and prior to such date at a “make-whole” redemption price. The redemption provisions are more fully described in this prospectus supplement under “Description of the notes—Optional redemption.” In addition, prior to September 1, 2013, we may, at our option, redeem up to 35% of the notes with the proceeds of certain equity offerings. If we undergo a change of control or sell assets, we may be required to offer to purchase the notes.
 
The notes will be our senior unsecured obligations and will rank equally with all of our existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness that is not by its terms subordinated to the notes, and will be effectively junior to our existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of collateral securing that debt. The notes will initially be guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by certain of our subsidiaries. The notes will be structurally junior to the indebtedness and other liabilities of our non-guarantor subsidiaries.
 
Investing in the notes involves risks. See “Risk factors” beginning on page S-14 of this prospectus supplement and page 5 of the accompanying prospectus.
 
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
 
                         
 
                Proceeds, before
 
    Public offering price(1)     Underwriting discount     expenses, to PetroQuest(1)  
 
 
Per note
    100.000%       2.250%       97.750%  
Total
  $ 150,000,000     $ 3,375,000     $ 146,625,000  
 
 
 
(1) Plus accrued interest, if any, from August 19, 2010, if settlement occurs after that date.
 
The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. Currently, there is no public market for the notes. Delivery of the notes, in book-entry form, will be made on or about August 19, 2010, through The Depository Trust Company.
 
Book-running manager
 
J.P. Morgan
 
Co-managers
 
             
BofA Merrill Lynch   Credit Agricole
CIB
  Wells Fargo
Securities
  Credit Suisse
         
Howard Weil
Incorporated
  Johnson Rice
& Company L.L.C.
  Stifel Nicolaus
Weisel
 
Junior co-managers
 
             
Capital One
Southcoast
  Global Hunter
Securities
  Pritchard Capital
Partners, LLC
  Simmons & Company
International
 
The date of this prospectus supplement is August 12, 2010.


 

 
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and any related free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us. We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized any other person to provide you with additional or different information. If anyone provides you with additional, different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not, and the underwriters are not, making any offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer to sell is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein is accurate only as of their respective dates. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
 
Table of contents
 
         
    Page
 
Prospectus supplement
    S-ii  
    S-iii  
    S-1  
    S-14  
    S-34  
    S-35  
    S-36  
    S-38  
    S-95  
    S-102  
    S-105  
    S-105  
    S-105  
    S-107  
Prospectus
    2  
    3  
    3  
    3  
    4  
    4  
    5  
    6  
    6  
    6  
    7  
    17  
    25  
    27  
    29  
    30  
    31  
    33  
    35  
    35  
 
We expect delivery of the notes will be made against payment therefor on or about August 19, 2010, which is the fifth business day following the date of pricing of the notes (such settlement being referred to a “T+5”). You should note that trading in the notes on the date of pricing and the two succeeding business days may be affected by the T+5 settlement. See “Underwriting” beginning on page S-103 of this prospectus supplement.


S-i


Table of Contents

 
About this prospectus supplement
 
This document is in two parts. The first part is this prospectus supplement, which describes the specific terms of this offering and also adds to and updates information contained in the accompanying prospectus and documents incorporated by reference herein. The second part, the accompanying prospectus, gives more general information, some of which may not apply to this offering. You should read the entire prospectus supplement, as well as the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference that are described under “Where you can find more information.” To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus or any document incorporated by reference herein, you should rely on the information contained in this prospectus supplement. This prospectus supplement incorporates by reference important business and financial information that is not included in or delivered with this prospectus supplement.
 
You should not consider any information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus to be legal, business or tax advice. You should consult your own attorney, business advisor and tax advisor for legal, business and tax advice regarding an investment in our securities.
 
Before making your investment decision, you should read and carefully consider all of the information contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and any information incorporated by reference herein and therein.
 
Except in the “Description of the notes” and unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references in this prospectus supplement to “PetroQuest,” “we,” “our,” “us,” or the “company” refer to PetroQuest Energy, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.


S-ii


Table of Contents

 
Forward-looking statements
 
This prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference herein contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which we refer to in this prospectus supplement as the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which we refer to in this prospectus supplement as the Exchange Act. All statements other than statements of historical fact included or incorporated by reference in this document are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may be found under “Summary,” “Risk factors” and elsewhere in this document regarding our financial position, business strategy, production and reserve growth, possible or assumed future results of operations, and other plans and objectives for our future operations.
 
All forward-looking statements in this prospectus supplement are made as of the date hereof, and you should not place undue reliance on these statements without also considering the risks and uncertainties associated with these statements and our business that are discussed in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference herein. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. Although we believe that in making such statements our expectations are based on reasonable assumptions, such statements may be influenced by factors that could cause actual outcomes and results to be materially different from those projected.
 
Except as required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements, to report events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus supplement, or to report the occurrence of unanticipated events.
 
Statements that are predictive in nature, that depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, or that include words such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “plans,” “likely,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “believes,” “estimates,” “thinks,” “may,” “seek,” “achievable,” “projects” and similar expressions, are forward-looking statements. The following important factors, in addition to those discussed under “Risk factors” and elsewhere in this document and in the documents that we incorporate by reference into this prospectus supplement, could affect the future results of the energy industry in general, and us in particular, and could cause those results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements:
 
•  the volatility of oil and natural gas prices and significantly depressed natural gas prices since the middle of 2008;
 
•  the recent financial crisis and continuing uncertain economic conditions in the United States and globally;
 
•  ceiling test write-downs resulting, and that could result in the future, from lower oil and natural gas prices;
 
•  our ability to obtain adequate financing when the need arises to execute our long-term strategy and to fund our planned capital expenditures;
 
•  our ability to find, develop, produce and acquire additional oil and natural gas reserves that are economically recoverable;


S-iii


Table of Contents

 
•  approximately half of our production being exposed to the additional risk of severe weather, including hurricanes and tropical storms, as well as flooding, coastal erosion and sea level rise;
 
•  losses and liabilities from uninsured or underinsured drilling and operating activities;
 
•  our ability to market our oil and natural gas production;
 
•  competition from larger oil and natural gas companies;
 
•  the effect of new SEC rules on our estimates of proved reserves;
 
•  the likelihood that our actual production, revenues and expenditures related to our reserves will differ from our estimates of proved reserves;
 
•  our ability to identify, execute or efficiently integrate future acquisitions;
 
•  losses or limits on potential gains resulting from hedging production;
 
•  the loss of key management or technical personnel;
 
•  the operating hazards attendant to the oil and gas business;
 
•  changes in laws and governmental regulations, increases in insurance costs or decreases in insurance availability, and delays in our offshore exploration and drilling activities that may result from the April 22, 2010 sinking of the Deepwater Horizon and subsequent oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico;
 
•  governmental regulation relating to hydraulic fracturing and environmental compliance costs and environmental liabilities;
 
•  the operation and profitability of non-operated properties;
 
•  potential conflicts of interest resulting from ownership of working interests and overriding royalty interests in certain of our properties by our officers and directors; and
 
•  the other factors affecting our business described in “Risk factors” beginning on page S-14 of this prospectus supplement and elsewhere in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.
 
All written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified in their entirety by such factors. For additional information with respect to these factors, see “Where you can find more information.”


S-iv


Table of Contents

 
Summary
 
This summary contains basic information about us and the offering. It does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in the notes. You should carefully read this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein for a more complete understanding of our business. You should pay special attention to the “Risk factors” section beginning on page S-14 of this prospectus supplement and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement before making an investment decision.
 
We have defined certain oil and gas industry terms used in this document in the “Glossary of oil and gas terms” beginning on page S-108 of this prospectus supplement.
 
General
 
PetroQuest Energy, Inc. is an independent oil and gas company engaged in the exploration, development, acquisition and production of oil and gas reserves in the Arkoma Basin, East Texas, South Louisiana and the shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico shelf. We seek to grow our production, proved reserves, cash flow and earnings at low finding and development costs through a balanced mix of exploration, development and acquisition activities. From the commencement of our operations in 1985 through 2002, we were focused exclusively in the Gulf Coast Basin with onshore properties principally in southern Louisiana and offshore properties in the shallow waters of the Gulf of Mexico shelf. During 2003, we began the implementation of our strategic goal of diversifying our reserves and production into longer life and lower risk onshore properties. As part of the strategic shift to diversify our asset portfolio and lower our geographic and geologic risk profile, we refocused our opportunity selection processes to reduce our average working interest in higher risk projects, shift capital to higher probability of success onshore wells and mitigate the risks associated with individual wells by expanding our drilling program across multiple basins.
 
Utilizing the cash flow generated by our higher margin Gulf Coast Basin assets, we have successfully diversified into onshore, longer life assets, including the Woodford and Fayetteville shales in Oklahoma and Arkansas and the Southeast Carthage field in Texas. Beginning in 2003, with our acquisition of the Southeast Carthage Field, through 2009, we have invested approximately $650 million into growing our longer life assets. During the six year period ended December 31, 2009, we have more than doubled our estimated proved reserves to 179 Bcfe and realized a 97% drilling success rate on 551 gross wells drilled. We have continued to focus our efforts on properties we control. We currently operate approximately 75% of our total estimated proved reserves and manage the drilling and completion activities on an additional 15% of such reserves. We have grown our production to 80.6 MMcfe per day for the quarter ended June 30, 2010. At June 30, 2010, 82% of our estimated proved reserves and 54% of our second quarter 2010 production were derived from our longer life assets.
 
During late 2008, in response to declining commodity prices and the global financial crisis, we shifted our focus from increasing production and reserves to building liquidity and strengthening our balance sheet. As a result of our significant operational control over our drilling prospects, we were able to reduce our capital expenditures, including capitalized interest and overhead, by 83% from $357.8 million in 2008 to $59.1 million in 2009. In addition, we reduced our lease operating expenses, production taxes and general and administrative costs by a combined 23% from 2008 to 2009. Finally, in June 2009 we completed a public offering of


S-1


Table of Contents

11.5 million shares of our common stock, receiving net proceeds of approximately $38 million. As a result of these and other liquidity building efforts, as of June 30, 2010, we had repaid $130 million of borrowings outstanding under our senior secured bank credit facility since August 2009. As of June 30, 2010, we had approximately $58 million in cash and no borrowings outstanding under our senior secured bank credit facility, which had a $100 million borrowing base and approximately $75 million of availability due to limitations imposed by the indenture governing our 103/8% Senior Notes due 2012.
 
Having achieved our 2009 goals of building liquidity and strengthening our balance sheet, in 2010 we have refocused on the key elements of our business strategy with the goal of growing our reserves and production in a fiscally prudent manner. To that end, in May 2010, we entered into a joint development agreement with WSGP Gas Producing, LLC, a subsidiary of NextEra Energy Resources, LLC that we refer to herein as WSGP, whereby WSGP acquired 50% of our Woodford proved undeveloped reserves as well as the right to earn 50% of our undeveloped Woodford acreage position through a two phase drilling program. We received $57.4 million in cash at closing, net of $2.6 million of transaction fees, and will receive an additional $14 million on November 30, 2011. If certain production performance metrics are achieved, we will receive an additional $14 million during the drilling program. Additionally, WSGP will fund a share of our future drilling costs under a drilling program. See “—Recent developments—Woodford Shale joint development agreement” below. The additional capital provided by this agreement will allow us to accelerate the pace of our development of the Woodford Shale and pursue opportunities in other basins.
 
Our core operating areas
 
We own core producing and non-producing oil and natural gas properties in Oklahoma, Arkansas, Texas and the Gulf Coast Basin. The following is a summary of our core operating areas.
 
Oklahoma. During late 2006, we began our initial drilling program to evaluate the Woodford Shale formation on a substantial portion of our Oklahoma acreage. During 2009, we continued this evaluation as we drilled and participated in 15 gross wells, achieving a 100% success rate. In total, we invested $19 million in Oklahoma during 2009 in acquiring prospective Woodford Shale acreage and drilling and completing wells. As a result of our success in targeting the Woodford Shale, average daily production from our Oklahoma properties during 2009 increased to 29 MMcfe per day, a 15% increase from our 2008 average daily production. In addition to growing production, we experienced positive performance revisions to our proved reserves, which when combined with reserves added from our 2009 drilling program, resulted in a 43% increase in our estimated proved reserves from our Oklahoma properties. We have allocated approximately 43% of our 2010 capital budget to operations in Oklahoma. In May 2010, we entered into an agreement for the joint development of our Woodford Shale assets. See “—Recent developments—Woodford Shale joint development agreement” below.
 
Arkansas. During late 2007, we began participating in a drilling program targeting the Fayetteville Shale. This drilling program continued during 2009 as we participated in 65 gross wells, all of which were successful. In total we invested $15 million in Arkansas during 2009. As a result of our wells drilled in 2008 and our 2009 investments, we grew production to an average of 8 MMcfe per day in 2009, an 80% increase from our 2008 average daily production. However, our estimated proved reserves in this region declined 35% primarily due to the revised SEC


S-2


Table of Contents

reserve pricing methodology and curtailed drilling operations. We have allocated approximately 5% of our 2010 capital budget to our Fayetteville Shale assets.
 
Texas. During 2009, we invested $3 million on completions and maintenance of our Texas properties. As part of our goal of building liquidity, we deferred significant development in this area during 2009. Net production from our Texas assets averaged 12 MMcfe per day during 2009, a 17% decrease from 2008 average daily production. Our estimated proved reserves in this area declined 29%, primarily due to the revised SEC reserve pricing methodology. We have allocated approximately 11% of our 2010 capital budget to our Texas assets.
 
Gulf Coast Basin. During 2009, we invested $16.7 million in this area primarily on facilities and completions. We also drilled one well and participated in an additional well onshore in South Louisiana, neither of which was commercially productive. Production from this area decreased 8% from 2008 totaling 44.8 MMcfe per day in 2009. Our estimated proved reserves in this area declined 31% from 2008, primarily as a result of reduced capital investments during 2009. We have allocated approximately 41% of our 2010 capital budget to various projects in this area.
 
Operations overview
 
The following table summarizes our estimated proved reserves as well as certain operating information for each of our core operating areas as of the end of the periods presented.
 
                         
 
          Six months ended
 
    At December 31, 2009     June 30, 2010  
    Estimated proved
    Proved developed
    Average daily production
 
    reserves (Bcfe)     producing reserves (%)     (MMCfe/d)  
 
 
Oklahoma(1)
    98.5       49       27.1  
Arkansas
    9.8       95       6.8  
Texas
    29.8       41       10.0  
Gulf coast basin
    40.8       58       39.3  
     
     
Total
    178.9       53       83.2  
 
 
 
(1) As adjusted for the consummation of the Woodford Shale joint development agreement in May 2010, our proved reserves and percentage of proved developed producing reserves in Oklahoma would have been 73.6 Bcfe and 65%, respectively. Our Oklahoma production was unaffected by the agreement. See “—Recent developments—Woodford Shale joint development agreement” below.
 
Business strategy
 
Our business strategy incorporates the following key elements:
 
Maintain our financial flexibility. Having achieved our 2009 goals of building liquidity and strengthening our balance sheet, we are refocused on growing reserves and production based on our outlook for commodity prices. We expect our 2010 capital budget, which includes approximately $20 million of capitalized interest and overhead, to range between $100 million and $110 million, a significant increase when compared to our actual 2009 capital expenditures of approximately $59.1 million. In order to maintain our financial flexibility, we plan to fund our 2010 capital budget with cash flow from operations. Because we operate approximately 75% of our total estimated proved reserves and manage the drilling and completion activities on an additional 15% of such reserves, we expect to be able to control the timing of a


S-3


Table of Contents

substantial portion of our capital investments. As a result, we expect to be able to actively manage our 2010 capital budget to stay within our projected cash flow from operations. We may also opportunistically dispose of non-core or mature assets to provide capital for higher potential exploration and development opportunities that fit our long-term growth strategy.
 
Pursue balanced growth and portfolio mix. We plan to pursue a risk-balanced approach to the growth and stability of our reserves, production, cash flows and earnings. Our goal is to strike a balance between lower risk development activities and higher risk and higher impact exploration activities. We plan to allocate our 2010 capital budget in a manner that continues to geographically and operationally diversify our asset base. Through our portfolio diversification efforts, at June 30, 2010, approximately 82% of our estimated proved reserves were located in longer life and lower risk basins in Oklahoma, Arkansas and Texas and 18% were located in the shorter life, but higher flow rate reservoirs in the Gulf Coast Basin. This compares to 77%, 68% and 61% of our estimated proved reserves located in longer life basins at December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. In terms of production diversification, during the second quarter of 2010, 54% of our production was derived from longer life basins versus 53%, 47% and 27% in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
 
Manage our risk exposure. We plan to continue several strategies designed to mitigate our operating risks. Since 2003, we have adjusted the working interest we are willing to hold based on the risk level and cost exposure of each project. For example, we typically reduce our working interests in higher risk exploration projects while retaining greater working interests in lower risk development projects. Our partners often agree to pay a disproportionate share of drilling costs relative to their interests, allowing us to allocate our capital spending to maximize our return and reduce the inherent risk in exploration and development activities. We also strive to retain operating control of the majority of our properties to control costs and pace of development, and we expect to continue to actively hedge a portion of our future planned production to mitigate the impact of commodity price fluctuations and achieve more predictable cash flows.
 
Concentrate in core operating areas and build scale. We plan to continue focusing on our operations in Oklahoma, Arkansas, Texas and the Gulf Coast Basin. Operating in concentrated areas helps us better control our overhead by enabling us to manage a greater amount of acreage with fewer employees and to minimize incremental costs of increased drilling and production. We have substantial geological and reservoir data, operating experience and partner relationships in these regions. We believe that these factors, coupled with the existing infrastructure and favorable geologic conditions with multiple known oil and gas producing reservoirs in these regions, will provide us with attractive investment opportunities.
 
Target underexploited properties with substantial opportunity for upside. We plan to maintain a rigorous prospect selection process that enables us to leverage our operating and technical experience in our core operating areas. We intend to primarily target properties that provide us with exposure to longer life reserves and production. In evaluating these targets, we seek properties that provide sufficient acreage for future exploration and development, as well as properties that may benefit from the latest exploration, drilling, completion and operating techniques to more economically find, produce and develop oil and gas reserves.


S-4


Table of Contents

Competitive strengths
 
We believe we have the following competitive strengths:
 
Large inventory of drilling prospects. We have developed a significant inventory of future drilling locations, primarily in lower risk onshore basins. As of December 31, 2009, approximately 95% of our proved undeveloped reserves and 91% of our non proved drilling inventory are located in onshore basins where we believe there is lower geologic risk and where wells typically exhibit long productive lives. Approximately 38% of our estimated proved reserves at December 31, 2009 are undeveloped and 9% were developed, non-producing. Many of the undeveloped locations are step-out or extension wells from existing production, which we consider to be lower risk.
 
Operational control. As of December 31, 2009, we operated approximately 75% of our proved reserves, and managed drilling and completion activities with respect to an additional 15%. We prefer to retain operating control over our prospects rather than owning non-operated interests because, as the operator, we can more efficiently manage our operating costs, capital expenditures, and the timing and method of development of our properties. Our significant operational control provides us with the flexibility to align capital expenditures with cash flow as we are able to adjust drilling plans with changes in commodity prices.
 
Successful drilling history. We follow a disciplined, formal process prior to drilling any wells, which requires stringent geological and financial analysis and an agreement on the level of participation we are willing to accept on each project. Balancing our higher risk, shorter life Gulf Coast Basin reserves with lower risk, longer life onshore reserves in Oklahoma, Arkansas and Texas has increased our drilling success. During the six-year period ended December 31, 2009, we have realized a 97% drilling success rate on 551 gross wells drilled.
 
Experienced management and technical teams and incentivized workforce. Our senior management team has significant experience in acquiring, developing and operating oil and gas properties in both onshore and offshore basins. We employ 23 technical professionals, including geophysicists, geologists, petroleum engineers, and production and reservoir engineers who have expertise in their specialized, technical fields. As of March 19, 2010, our executive officers and directors owned approximately 15.3% of our outstanding common stock, and substantially all employees own common stock and/or options to purchase common stock.
 
Recent developments
 
Woodford Shale joint development agreement. On May 24, 2010, we announced the consummation of a joint development agreement with WSGP. At closing, WSGP paid us $57.4 million in cash, net of $2.6 million of transaction fees, in consideration for 50% of our interest in our Woodford Shale proved undeveloped reserves and for the right to earn a 50% interest in our Woodford Shale undeveloped acreage through a drilling program. Under the drilling program, WSGP will fund a portion of our share of future drilling costs for the undeveloped acreage. WSGP will also pay us $14 million as deferred purchase price on November 30, 2011, and if certain performance metrics are achieved in the drilling program, will pay us an additional $14 million on the later to occur of November 30, 2011 or the date on which the performance metrics are achieved.
 
Under the terms of the joint development agreement, WSGP will pay a share of our costs and expenses associated with Phase 1 of the drilling program in an amount not to exceed


S-5


Table of Contents

$54 million. WSGP has an election to participate in Phase 2 of the drilling program and, if it so elects, to continue Phase 2 of the drilling program for subsequent six-month periods. Subject to certain non-participation and termination rights, WSGP may participate in Phase 2 by paying a share of our costs and expenses associated with Phase 2 of the drilling program in an amount not to exceed $92.6 million. We will serve as the initial operator under each operating agreement entered into pursuant to the drilling program. For each well in the undeveloped acreage in which WSGP participates that is drilled and completed as part of the drilling program, WSGP will receive, effective as of the date which actual drilling operations commence for such well, an undivided 50% of our working interest and associated net revenue interest in and to such well and the drilling unit for such well.
 
Concurrent tender offer. Concurrently with this offering, we are conducting a cash tender offer for any or all of the entire $150 million outstanding principal amount of our 103/8% Senior Notes due 2012, or the 2012 Notes. In connection with the tender offer, we are also seeking consents to eliminate substantially all the covenants in the indenture governing the 2012 Notes. The tender offer is scheduled to expire on September 1, 2010, subject to our right to extend the offer. We expect that the aggregate consideration payable if we acquire all of the outstanding 2012 Notes in the tender offer would be approximately $158.3 million (which includes approximately $4.0 million of accrued interest and assumes all 2012 Notes are tendered and purchased by the first business day following the early consent date specified in the consent solicitation). The tender offer is being made pursuant to a separate Offer to Purchase and Consent Solicitation Statement, and this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are not an offer to purchase or a solicitation of any consent with respect to the 2012 Notes. We intend to finance the purchase of the 2012 Notes in the tender offer with the net proceeds from this offering, together with cash on hand. The closing of the tender offer is conditioned on, among other things, our having obtained gross proceeds of not less than $150 million in respect of this offering. The tender offer is also conditioned on at least a majority of the 2012 Notes being tendered and not withdrawn, as well as other customary closing conditions. We currently expect to redeem any 2012 Notes that are not tendered pursuant to the tender offer.
 
Amendment to the senior secured bank credit facility. In connection with this offering, on August 5, 2010, we entered into an amendment to our senior secured bank credit facility, which permits us to issue up to $200 million in notes. This amendment also provides, among other things, that the indebtedness outstanding under our 2012 Notes must be repaid or redeemed within 60 days following the issuance of the notes offered hereby.
 
Corporate information
 
We were incorporated as a Delaware corporation in 1998. Our corporate headquarters are located at 400 East Kaliste Saloom Road, Lafayette, Louisiana 70508, and our telephone number is (337) 232-7028.


S-6


Table of Contents

The offering
 
The following summary contains basic information about the notes and is not intended to be complete. For a more complete understanding of the notes, please refer to the section of this document entitled “Description of the notes.” For purposes of this section of the summary and the description of the notes included in this prospectus supplement, references to “PetroQuest,” “issuer,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer only to PetroQuest Energy, Inc. and do not include its subsidiaries.
 
Issuer PetroQuest Energy, Inc.
 
Securities $150 million aggregate principal amount of 10% senior notes due 2017.
 
Maturity September 1, 2017.
 
Interest payment dates March 1 and September 1 of each year, beginning on March 1, 2011. Interest will accrue from August 19, 2010
 
Optional redemption We may, at our option, redeem all or part of the notes at a make-whole price, plus accrued and unpaid interest, at any time prior to September 1, 2014.
 
On or after such date, we may redeem notes at fixed redemption prices, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of redemption, as described under “Description of the notes—Optional redemption.”
 
In addition, prior to September 1, 2013, we may, at our option, redeem up to 35% of the notes with the proceeds of certain equity offerings. See “Description of the notes—Optional redemption.”
 
Ranking The notes will be our general unsecured, senior obligations. Accordingly, they will rank:
 
• senior in right of payment to all of our existing and future subordinated indebtedness;
 
• pari passu in right of payment with any of our existing and future unsecured indebtedness that is not by its terms subordinated to the notes;
 
• effectively junior to our existing and future secured indebtedness, including indebtedness under our senior secured bank credit facility, to the extent of the value of our assets constituting collateral securing that indebtedness; and
 
• structurally subordinate to all future indebtedness and other liabilities (other than indebtedness and liabilities owed to us) of our non-guarantor subsidiaries.
 
As of June 30, 2010, on an as adjusted basis to reflect the issuance and sale of the notes and the application of the net proceeds thereof


S-7


Table of Contents

as set forth under “Use of proceeds,” and assuming that we purchase all of our 2012 Notes in the tender offer, we would have had no outstanding senior indebtedness (other than the notes offered hereby) and we would have been able to incur $100 million of secured indebtedness under our senior secured bank credit facility. As of June 30, 2010, our non-guarantor subsidiaries had no outstanding indebtedness and no other material liabilities.
 
Subsidiary guarantees The notes initially will be jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by some of our existing domestic subsidiaries. In the future, the guarantees may be released or terminated under certain circumstances. Each subsidiary guarantee will be a senior unsecured obligation of the subsidiary guarantor and will rank:
 
• senior in right of payment to all future subordinated indebtedness of that subsidiary guarantor;
 
• pari passu in right of payment to all future senior unsecured indebtedness of that subsidiary guarantor; and
 
• effectively junior to that subsidiary guarantor’s existing and future secured indebtedness, including its guarantee of indebtedness under our senior revolving credit facility, to the extent of the value of the assets of such subsidiary guarantor constituting collateral securing that indebtedness.
 
The aggregate assets and revenues as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2010 attributable to all our subsidiaries that are not providing guarantees constituted less than 1% of our consolidated assets and revenues as of and for the period ended on that date.
 
Covenants The indenture governing the notes contains covenants that, among other things, limit our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to:
 
• incur additional debt;
 
• make certain investments or pay dividends or distributions on our capital stock or purchase or redeem or retire capital stock;
 
• sell assets, including capital stock of our restricted subsidiaries;
 
• restrict dividends or other payments by restricted subsidiaries;
 
• create liens that secure debt;
 
• enter into transactions with affiliates; and
 
• merge or consolidate with another company.
 
These covenants are subject to a number of important limitations and exceptions that are described later in this prospectus supplement under the caption “Description of the notes—Certain covenants.”


S-8


Table of Contents

 
Change of control offer If we experience certain kinds of changes of control, we must offer to purchase the notes at 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. However, in such an event, we might not be able to pay you the required repurchase price for the notes you present to us because we might not have sufficient funds available at that time, or the terms of our senior secured bank credit facility may prevent us from applying funds to repurchase the notes.
 
Use of proceeds We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering, together with cash on hand, to fund the purchase of any and all of the entire $150 million outstanding principal amount of the 2012 Notes in the tender offer. This offering is not contingent on the closing of the tender offer. In the event that we purchase less than all of the 2012 Notes in the tender offer, we currently expect to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to redeem 2012 Notes not purchased in the tender offer. See “Summary—Recent developments—Concurrent tender offer” and “Use of proceeds.”
 
Form The notes will be represented by registered global securities registered in the name of Cede & Co., the nominee of the depositary, The Depository Trust Company, or DTC. Beneficial interests in the notes will be shown on, and transfers will be effected through, records maintained by DTC and its participants.
 
Risk factors See “Risk factors” beginning on page S-14 of this prospectus supplement and page 5 of the accompanying prospectus for a discussion of the risk factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in the notes.


S-9


Table of Contents

Summary historical consolidated financial data
 
The summary historical consolidated financial data set forth below as of and for each of the three years ended December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. The summary consolidated financial data set forth below as of and for each of the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2010 have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, such unaudited financial data reflects all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of results for those periods. The summary consolidated financial data are qualified in their entirety by and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009, and our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2010 and June 30, 2010, all of which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any future period.
 
                                         
 
          Six months ended
 
    Year ended December 31,     June 30,  
(In thousands)   2007     2008     2009     2009     2010  
 
 
Operating data:
                                       
Revenues:
                                       
Oil and gas sales
  $ 256,223     $ 308,623     $ 218,644     $ 114,610     $ 89,402  
Gas gathering revenue
    6,111       5,335       231       100       130  
     
     
    $ 262,334     $ 313,958     $ 218,875     $ 114,710     $ 89,532  
Expenses:
                                       
Lease operating expenses
  $ 31,965     $ 44,665     $ 38,541     $ 19,506     $ 18,715  
Production taxes
    7,859       12,292       4,656       3,020       2,947  
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
    119,969       134,340       84,772       50,193       28,728  
Ceiling test writedown(1)
    0       266,156       156,134       103,582       0  
Gas gathering costs
    4,120       2,309       191       167       11  
General and administrative
    21,162       23,249       18,869       9,022       10,325  
Accretion of asset retirement obligation
    923       1,317       2,452       1,124       876  
Interest expense
    13,393       9,327       12,615       6,564       4,189  
     
     
Total expenses
  $ 199,391     $ 493,655     $ 318,230     $ 193,178     $ 65,791  
Gain on legal settlement
  $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 12,400  
Gain on sale of assets
    0       26,812       485       485       0  
Other income (expense)
    1,340       344       (5,955 )     (5,309 )     11  
     
     
Income (loss) from operations
  $ 64,283     $ (152,541 )   $ (104,825 )   $ (83,292 )   $ 36,152  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    23,664       (55,581 )     (14,635 )     (26,648 )     (1,380 )
     
     
Net income (loss)
  $ 40,619     $ (96,960 )   $ (90,190 )   $ (56,644 )   $ 37,532  
Preferred stock dividend
    1,374       5,140       5,140       2,567       2,567  
     
     
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders
  $ 39,245     $ (102,100 )   $ (95,330 )   $ (59,211 )   $ 34,965  
 
 
 
(1) In the 2008 and 2009 periods, our capitalized costs of oil and gas properties exceeded the full cost ceiling and we recorded an impairment of oil and gas properties.


S-10


Table of Contents

 
                                         
 
          Six months ended
 
    Year ended December 31,     June 30,  
(In thousands, except ratios)   2007     2008     2009     2009     2010  
 
 
Other financial data:
                                       
Net cash provided by operating activities
  $ 223,729     $ 169,061     $ 121,822     $ 45,494     $ 66,318  
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
    (235,127 )     (286,714 )     (56,173 )     (26,039 )     2,651  
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    23,512       124,708       (68,841 )     35,164       (31,897 )
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
    198,568       258,599       151,148       78,171       69,945  
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(2)
    3.9x                         4.5x  
Ratio of Adjusted EBITDA to cash interest(3)
    10.5x       13.8x       7.5x       7.7x       8.5x  
Balance sheet data (at end of period):
                                       
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 16,909     $ 23,964     $ 20,772     $ 78,583     $ 57,844  
Total assets
    644,347       670,249       410,459       554,482       426,624  
Total liabilities
    342,030       432,762       248,354       338,846       223,727  
Total equity
    302,317       237,487       162,105       215,636       202,897  
 
 
 
(1) Adjusted EBITDA represents income before interest expense (net), income tax, depreciation, depletion, amortization, accretion of asset retirement obligation and ceiling test writedowns. We have reported Adjusted EBITDA because we believe Adjusted EBITDA is a measure commonly reported and widely used by investors as an indicator of a company’s operating performance. We believe Adjusted EBITDA assists such investors in comparing a company’s performance on a consistent basis without regard to depreciation, depletion and amortization, which can vary significantly depending upon accounting methods or nonoperating factors such as historical cost. Adjusted EBITDA is not a calculation based on generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, and should not be considered an alternative to net income in measuring our performance or used as an exclusive measure of cash flow because it does not consider the impact of working capital growth, capital expenditures, debt principal reductions and other sources and uses of cash which are disclosed in our consolidated statements of cash flows. Investors should carefully consider the specific items included in our computation of Adjusted EBITDA. While Adjusted EBITDA has been disclosed herein to permit a more complete comparative analysis of our operating performance relative to other companies, investors should be cautioned that Adjusted EBITDA as reported by us may not be comparable in all instances to Adjusted EBITDA as reported by other companies. Adjusted EBITDA amounts may not be fully available for management’s discretionary use, due to certain requirements to conserve funds for capital expenditures, debt service and other commitments, and therefore management relies primarily on our GAAP results.
 
Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to represent net income as defined by GAAP and such information should not be considered as an alternative to net income, cash flow from operations or any other measure of performance prescribed by GAAP in the United States. The following table reconciles net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented.
 
                                         
 
          Six months ended
 
    Year ended December 31,     June 30,  
(In thousands)   2007     2008     2009     2009     2010  
 
 
Net income (loss)
  $ 40,619     $ (96,960 )   $ (90,190 )   $ (56,644 )   $ 37,532  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    23,664       (55,581 )     (14,635 )     (26,648 )     (1,380 )
Interest expense
    13,393       9,327       12,615       6,564       4,189  
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
    119,969       134,340       84,772       50,193       28,728  
Accretion of asset retirement obligation
    923       1,317       2,452       1,124       876  
Ceiling test writedown
    0       266,156       156,134       103,582       0  
     
     
Adjusted EBITDA
  $ 198,568     $ 258,599     $ 151,148     $ 78,171     $ 69,945  
 
 
 
(2) For purposes of calculating the ratio of earnings to fixed charges, fixed charges include interest expense, capitalized interest and amortization of debt issuance costs. Earnings represent income before income taxes from continuing operations before fixed charges. As a result of non-cash ceiling test writedowns, earnings were inadequate to cover fixed charges for the year ended December 31, 2008, the year ended December 31, 2009, and for the six months ended June 30, 2009, by approximately $163.1 million, $113.5 million and $87.5 million, respectively.
 
(3) Cash interest is defined as the total amount of interest paid on our obligations, prior to any allowed capitalized amount.


S-11


Table of Contents

Summary historical reserve and operating data
 
The following tables summarize our estimated proved oil and natural gas reserves and production and operating data as of and for the periods presented. The 2009 and 2008 information included in this table is based upon reserve reports prepared by the independent petroleum engineers of Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. and Ryder Scott Company L.P. In 2007, our reserves were based upon reserve reports prepared by Ryder Scott Company L.P. The reserve volumes and values were determined using the methods prescribed by the SEC, which for 2009 required the use of an average price, calculated as the twelve-month average of the first-day-of-the-month reference prices as adjusted for location and quality differentials, unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future conditions. For prior years, the SEC rules required the use of year-end prices. This information should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009, and our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2010 and June 30, 2010, all of which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any future period.
 
                         
 
    Year ended December 31,  
    2007     2008     2009  
 
 
Estimated proved oil and natural gas reserves:
                       
Natural gas reserves (MMcfe)
                       
Proved developed
    95,639       124,020       100,430  
Proved undeveloped
    46,829       48,166       66,931  
     
     
Total
    142,468       172,186       167,361  
Oil reserves (MBbl)
                       
Proved developed
    2,070       2,030       1,775  
Proved undeveloped
    272       171       156  
     
     
Total
    2,342       2,201       1,931  
     
     
Total estimated reserves (MMcfe)
    156,520       185,392       178,947  
     
     
Discounted present value of estimated proved reserves (in thousands)
                       
Estimated pre-tax future net cash flows(1)
  $ 779,395     $ 466,449     $ 272,271  
     
     
Discounted pre-tax future net cash flows (PV-10)(1)
  $ 540,651     $ 327,193     $ 176,995  
     
     
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
  $ 447,258     $ 314,787     $ 174,288  
     
     
Prices used in calculating end of year reserves:
                       
Oil
  $ 96.83     $ 41.53     $ 60.57  
Gas
    6.52       4.64       2.97  
 
 
 
(1) Estimated pre-tax future net cash flows and discounted pre-tax future net cash flows (PV-10) are non-GAAP measures because they exclude income tax effects. Management believes these non-GAAP measures are useful to investors as they are based on prices, costs and discount factors which are consistent from company to company, while the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows is dependent on the unique tax situation of each individual company. As a result, we believe that investors can use these non-GAAP measures as a basis for comparison of the relative size and value of our reserves to other companies. We also understand that securities analysts and rating agencies use these non-GAAP measures


S-12


Table of Contents

in similar ways. The following table reconciles undiscounted and discounted future net cash flows to standardized measure of discounted cash flows as of December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009.
 
                         
 
    Year ended December 31,  
    2007     2008     2009  
 
 
Estimated pre-tax future net cash flows
  $ 779,395     $ 466,449     $ 272,271  
10% annual discount
    (238,744 )     (139,256 )     (95,276 )
Discounted pre-tax future net cash flows (PV-10)
  $ 540,651     $ 327,193     $ 176,995  
Future income taxes discounted at 10%
    (93,393 )     (12,406 )     (2,707 )
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
  $ 447,258     $ 314,787     $ 174,288  
 
 
 
                                         
 
          Six months ended
 
    Year ended December 31,     June 30,  
    2007     2008     2009     2009     2010  
                      (unaudited)  
 
 
Production:
                                       
Oil (MBbl)
    1,080       681       600       314       299  
Gas (MMcfe)
    24,966       29,708       30,598       16,775       13,267  
     
     
Total Production (MMcfe)
    31,444       33,792       34,199       18,657       15,060  
Average sales price per unit(1)
                                       
Oil (per Bbl)
  $ 71.25     $ 100.61     $ 59.31     $ 48.43     $ 77.90  
Gas (per Mcfe)
    6.78       8.36       3.37       3.55       4.50  
Per Mcfe
  $ 7.83     $ 9.38     $ 4.06     $ 4.00     $ 5.52  
Operating expenses ($/Mcfe)(2)
  $ 1.02     $ 1.32     $ 1.13     $ 1.05     $ 1.24  
 
 
 
(1) Does not include the effect of hedges.
 
(2) Operating expenses do not include production taxes.


S-13


Table of Contents

 
Risk factors
 
An investment in the notes involves risks.  Prior to making a decision about investing in the notes, you should carefully consider the following risk factors, as well as the risk factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009, and in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2010 and June 30, 2010, which are incorporated herein by reference. The risks and uncertainties we have described are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our operations. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, results of operations and financial condition could suffer, and you could lose part of your investment.
 
Risks related to our business, industry and strategy
 
Oil and natural gas prices are volatile, and natural gas prices have been significantly depressed since the middle of 2008. An extended decline in the prices of oil and natural gas would likely have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity, ability to meet our financial obligations and results of operations.
 
Our future financial condition, revenues, results of operations, profitability and future growth, and the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties depend primarily on the prices we receive for our oil and natural gas production. Our ability to maintain or increase our borrowing capacity and to obtain additional capital on attractive terms also substantially depend upon oil and natural gas prices. Prices for natural gas have been significantly depressed since the middle of 2008, and future oil and natural gas prices are subject to large fluctuations in response to a variety of factors beyond our control.
 
These factors include:
 
•  relatively minor changes in the supply of or the demand for oil and natural gas;
 
•  the condition of the United States and worldwide economies;
 
•  market uncertainty;
 
•  the level of consumer product demand;
 
•  weather conditions in the United States, such as hurricanes;
 
•  the actions of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries;
 
•  domestic and foreign governmental regulation and taxes, including price controls adopted by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission;
 
•  political conditions or hostilities in oil and natural gas producing regions, including the Middle East and South America;
 
•  the price and level of foreign imports of oil and natural gas; and
 
•  the price and availability of alternate fuel sources.
 
We cannot predict future oil and natural gas prices, and such prices may decline further. An extended decline in oil and natural gas prices may adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity, ability to meet our financial obligations and results of operations. Lower prices have


S-14


Table of Contents

reduced and may further reduce the amount of oil and natural gas that we can produce economically and has required and may require us to record additional ceiling test write-downs. Substantially all of our oil and natural gas sales are made in the spot market or pursuant to contracts based on spot market prices. Our sales are not made pursuant to long-term fixed price contracts.
 
To attempt to reduce our price risk, we periodically enter into hedging transactions with respect to a portion of our expected future production. We cannot assure you that such transactions will reduce the risk or minimize the effect of any decline in oil or natural gas prices. Any substantial or extended decline in the prices of or demand for oil or natural gas would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity, ability to meet our financial obligations and results of operations.
 
The recent financial crisis and continuing uncertain economic conditions may have material adverse impacts on our business and financial condition that we currently cannot predict.
 
As widely reported, financial markets in the United States, Europe and Asia recently experienced a period of unprecedented turmoil and upheaval characterized by extreme volatility and declines in security prices, severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, inability to access capital markets, the bankruptcy, failure, collapse or sale of various financial institutions and an unprecedented level of intervention from the United States federal government and other governments. Due to the recent financial crisis and continuing uncertain economic conditions, the demand for oil and natural gas has declined, which has negatively impacted the revenues, margins and profitability of our business. In addition, the borrowing base under our senior secured bank credit facility has been reduced as a result of redeterminations due to lower oil and gas prices. Unemployment has risen while business and consumer confidence have declined.
 
Although we cannot predict the additional impacts on us of continuing uncertain economic conditions, they could materially adversely affect our business and financial condition. For example:
 
•  the demand for oil and natural gas may decline due to continuing uncertain economic conditions which could negatively impact the revenues, margins and profitability of our oil and natural gas business;
 
•  our ability to access the capital markets may be restricted at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital for our business including for exploration and/or development of our reserves;
 
•  the tightening of credit or lack of credit availability to our customers could adversely affect our ability to collect our trade receivables; or
 
•  counterparties may not fulfill their delivery or purchase obligations.
 
We may not be able to obtain adequate financing when the need arises to execute our long-term operating strategy.
 
Our ability to execute our long-term operating strategy is highly dependent on our having access to capital when the need arises. We historically have addressed our long-term liquidity needs through the use of bank credit facilities, second lien term credit facilities, the issuance of equity and debt securities, the use of proceeds from the sale of assets and the use of cash


S-15


Table of Contents

provided by operating activities. We will examine the following alternative sources of long-term capital as dictated by current economic conditions:
 
•  borrowings from banks or other lenders;
•  the issuance of debt securities;
•  the sale of common stock, preferred stock or other equity securities;
•  joint venture financing; and
•  production payments.
 
The availability of these sources of capital when the need arises will depend upon a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include general economic and financial market conditions, oil and natural gas prices, our credit ratings, interest rates, market perceptions of us or the oil and gas industry, our market value and our operating performance. We may be unable to execute our long-term operating strategy if we cannot obtain capital from these sources when the need arises.
 
Lower oil and natural gas prices may cause us to record ceiling test write-downs, which could negatively impact our results of operations.
 
We use the full cost method of accounting to account for our oil and natural gas operations. Accordingly, we capitalize the cost to acquire, explore for and develop oil and natural gas properties. Under full cost accounting rules, the net capitalized costs of oil and natural gas properties may not exceed a “full cost ceiling” which is based upon the present value of estimated future net cash flows from proved reserves, including the effect of hedges in place, discounted at 10%, plus the lower of cost or fair market value of unproved properties. If at the end of any fiscal period we determine that the net capitalized costs of oil and natural gas properties exceed the full cost ceiling, we must charge the amount of the excess to earnings in the period then ended. This is called a “ceiling test write-down.” This charge does not impact cash flow from operating activities, but does reduce our net income and stockholders’ equity. Once incurred, a write-down of oil and natural gas properties is not reversible at a later date. During 2009, we recognized $156.1 million in ceiling test write-downs as a result of the decline in commodity prices.
 
We review the net capitalized costs of our properties quarterly using, effective for fiscal periods ending on or after December 31, 2009, a single price based on the beginning of the month average of oil and natural gas prices for the prior 12 months. We also assess investments in unproved properties periodically to determine whether impairment has occurred. The risk that we will be required to further write down the carrying value of our oil and gas properties increases when oil and natural gas prices are low or volatile. In addition, write-downs may occur if we experience substantial downward adjustments to our estimated proved reserves or our unproved property values, or if estimated future development costs increase. We may experience further ceiling test write-downs or other impairments in the future. In addition, any future ceiling test cushion would be subject to fluctuation as a result of acquisition or divestiture activity.
 
We may not be able to fund our planned capital expenditures.
 
Although our capital expenditure budget is forecasted to remain within our cash flow for 2010, we will continue to spend a substantial amount of capital for the development, exploration, acquisition and production of oil and natural gas reserves. If extended or further declines in oil


S-16


Table of Contents

and natural gas prices, operating difficulties or other factors, many of which are beyond our control, cause our revenues or cash flows from operations to decrease, we may be limited in our ability to spend the capital necessary to execute our drilling program. We may be forced to raise additional debt or equity, sell properties or assets or enter into joint venture arrangements with industry partners to fund such expenditures. We cannot assure you that additional financings or cash generated by operations will be available to meet these requirements.
 
Our future success depends upon our ability to find, develop, produce and acquire additional oil and natural gas reserves that are economically recoverable.
 
As is generally the case in the Gulf Coast Basin where approximately half of our current production is located, many of our producing properties are characterized by a high initial production rate, followed by a steep decline in production. In order to maintain or increase our reserves, we must constantly locate and develop or acquire new oil and natural gas reserves to replace those being depleted by production. We must do this even during periods of low oil and natural gas prices when it is difficult to raise the capital necessary to finance our exploration, development and acquisition activities. Without successful exploration, development or acquisition activities, our reserves and revenues will decline rapidly. We may not be able to find and develop or acquire additional reserves at an acceptable cost or have access to necessary financing for these activities, either of which would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
 
Approximately half of our production is exposed to the additional risk of severe weather, including hurricanes and tropical storms, as well as flooding, coastal erosion and sea level rise.
 
At June 30, 2010, approximately 46% of our production and approximately 18% of our reserves are located in the Gulf of Mexico and along the Gulf Coast Basin. Operations in this area are subject to severe weather, including hurricanes and tropical storms, as well as flooding, coastal erosion and sea level rise. Some of these adverse conditions can be severe enough to cause substantial damage to facilities and possibly interrupt production. For example, certain of our Gulf Coast Basin properties have experienced damages and production downtime as a result of storms including Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, and more recently Hurricanes Gustav and Ike. In addition, according to certain scientific studies, emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and other gases commonly known as greenhouse gases may be contributing to global warming of the earth’s atmosphere and to global climate change, which may exacerbate the severity of these adverse conditions. As a result, such conditions may pose increased climate-related risks to our assets and operations.
 
In accordance with customary industry practices, we maintain insurance against some, but not all, of these risks; however, losses could occur for uninsured risks or in amounts in excess of existing insurance coverage. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain adequate insurance in the future at rates we consider reasonable or that any particular types of coverage will be available. An event that is not fully covered by insurance could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.
 
Losses and liabilities from uninsured or underinsured drilling and operating activities could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operations.
 
We maintain several types of insurance to cover our operations, including worker’s compensation, maritime employer’s liability and comprehensive general liability. Amounts over base


S-17


Table of Contents

coverages are provided by primary and excess umbrella liability policies. We also maintain operator’s extra expense coverage, which covers the control of drilling or producing wells as well as redrilling expenses and pollution coverage for wells out of control.
 
We may not be able to maintain adequate insurance in the future at rates we consider reasonable, or we could experience losses that are not insured or that exceed the maximum limits under our insurance policies. If a significant event that is not fully insured or indemnified occurs, it could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
 
Factors beyond our control affect our ability to market oil and natural gas.
 
The availability of markets and the volatility of product prices are beyond our control and represent a significant risk. The marketability of our production depends upon the availability and capacity of natural gas gathering systems, pipelines and processing facilities. The unavailability or lack of capacity of these systems and facilities could result in the shut-in of producing wells or the delay or discontinuance of development plans for properties. Our ability to market oil and natural gas also depends on other factors beyond our control. These factors include:
 
•  the level of domestic production and imports of oil and natural gas;
•  the proximity of natural gas production to natural gas pipelines;
•  the availability of pipeline capacity;
•  the demand for oil and natural gas by utilities and other end users;
•  the availability of alternate fuel sources;
•  the effect of inclement weather, such as hurricanes;
•  state and federal regulation of oil and natural gas marketing; and
•  federal regulation of natural gas sold or transported in interstate commerce.
 
If these factors were to change dramatically, our ability to market oil and natural gas or obtain favorable prices for our oil and natural gas could be adversely affected.
 
A drilling moratorium in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, or other regulatory initiatives in response to the current oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, could adversely affect our business.
 
As has been widely reported, on April 20, 2010, a fire and explosion occurred onboard the semisubmersible drilling rig Deepwater Horizon, leading to the oil spill currently affecting the Gulf of Mexico. In response to this incident, the Minerals Management Service (now known as the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement, or the BOE) of the U.S. Department of the Interior issued a notice on May 30, 2010 implementing a six-month moratorium on certain drilling activities in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Implementation of the moratorium was blocked by a U.S. district court, which was subsequently affirmed on appeal, but on July 12, 2010, the BOE issued a new moratorium that applies to deep-water drilling operations that use subsea blowout preventers or surface blowout preventers on floating facilities. The new moratorium will last until November 30, 2010, or until such earlier time that the BOE determines that deep-water drilling operations can proceed safely. The BOE is also expected to issue new safety and environmental guidelines or regulations for drilling in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, and potentially in other geographic regions, and may take other steps, affecting both onshore and offshore operations, that could increase the costs of exploration and production, reduce the area of operations and result in permitting delays. This incident could also result in drilling suspensions or other regulatory initiatives in other areas of the U.S. and/or at a state level. In addition, bills have been, and may continue to be, introduced in


S-18


Table of Contents

Congress to increase or eliminate certain liability limitations for oil spills under federal law (such as H.R. 3534 which was passed by the House of Representatives on July 30, 2010 and eliminates the cap on damage from spills at offshore facilities that are recoverable under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990). Although it is difficult to predict the ultimate impact of the moratorium or any new guidelines, regulations or legislation, a prolonged suspension of drilling activity in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and other areas, new regulations, increased insurance costs or decreased insurance availability, and increased liability for companies operating in this sector could adversely affect our operations in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico.
 
We face strong competition from larger oil and natural gas companies that may negatively affect our ability to carry on operations.
 
We operate in the highly competitive areas of oil and natural gas exploration, development and production. Factors that affect our ability to compete successfully in the marketplace include:
 
•  the availability of funds and information relating to a property;
•  the standards established by us for the minimum projected return on investment; and
•  the transportation of natural gas.
 
Our competitors include major integrated oil companies, substantial independent energy companies, affiliates of major interstate and intrastate pipelines and national and local natural gas gatherers, many of which possess greater financial and other resources than we do. If we are unable to successfully compete against our competitors, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
 
Our estimates of proved reserves have been prepared under revised SEC rules which went into effect for fiscal years ending on or after December 31, 2009, which may make comparisons to prior periods difficult and could limit our ability to book additional proved undeveloped reserves in the future.
 
This prospectus supplement and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009, incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement, present estimates of our proved reserves as of December 31, 2009, which have been prepared and presented under revised SEC rules. These revised rules are effective for fiscal years ending on or after December 31, 2009, and require SEC reporting companies to prepare their reserve estimates using revised reserve definitions and revised pricing based on twelve-month unweighted first-day-of-the-month average pricing. The previous rules required that reserve estimates be calculated using last-day-of-the-year pricing. The pricing that was used for estimates of our reserves as of December 31, 2009, was based on an unweighted average twelve month price, adjusted for field differentials, of $60.57 per Bbl for oil and $2.97 per Mcfe for natural gas, as compared to $41.53 per Bbl for oil and $4.64 per Mcfe for natural gas as of December 31, 2008. As a result of these changes, direct comparisons to our previously-reported reserve amounts may be more difficult.
 
Another impact of the revised SEC rules is a general requirement that, subject to limited exceptions, proved undeveloped reserves may only be booked if they relate to wells scheduled to be drilled within five years of the date of booking. This revised rule may limit our potential to book additional proved undeveloped reserves as we pursue our drilling program. Moreover, we may be required to write down our proved undeveloped reserves if we do not drill on those reserves within the required five-year timeframe.


S-19


Table of Contents

Our actual production, revenues and expenditures related to our reserves are likely to differ from our estimates of proved reserves. We may experience production that is less than estimated and drilling costs that are greater than estimated in our reserve report. These differences may be material.
 
Although the estimates of our oil and natural gas reserves and future net cash flows attributable to those reserves were prepared by Ryder Scott Company, L.P. and Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc., our independent petroleum and geological engineers, we are ultimately responsible for the disclosure of those estimates. Reserve engineering is a complex and subjective process of estimating underground accumulations of oil and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact manner. Estimates of economically recoverable oil and natural gas reserves and of future net cash flows necessarily depend upon a number of variable factors and assumptions, including:
 
•  historical production from the area compared with production from other similar producing wells;
 
•  the assumed effects of regulations by governmental agencies;
 
•  assumptions concerning future oil and natural gas prices; and
 
•  assumptions concerning future operating costs, severance and excise taxes, development costs and work-over and remedial costs.
 
Because all reserve estimates are to some degree subjective, each of the following items may differ materially from those assumed in estimating proved reserves:
 
•  the quantities of oil and natural gas that are ultimately recovered;
•  the production and operating costs incurred;
•  the amount and timing of future development expenditures; and
•  future oil and natural gas sales prices.
 
Furthermore, different reserve engineers may make different estimates of reserves and cash flows based on the same available data. Historically, the difference between our actual production and the production estimated in a prior year’s reserve report has not been material. However, our 2009 production was approximately 10% less than amounts projected in our 2008 reserve report. The lower than estimated production was primarily the result of significant reductions in our 2009 capital expenditures budget in response to lower commodity prices. We cannot assure you that these differences will not be material in the future.
 
Approximately 38% of our estimated proved reserves at December 31, 2009, are undeveloped and 9% were developed, non-producing. Recovery of undeveloped reserves requires significant capital expenditures and successful drilling operations. The reserve data assumes that we will make significant capital expenditures to develop and produce our reserves. Although we have prepared estimates of our oil and natural gas reserves and the costs associated with these reserves in accordance with industry standards, we cannot assure you that the estimated costs are accurate, that development will occur as scheduled or that the actual results will be as estimated. In addition, the recovery of undeveloped reserves is generally subject to the approval of development plans and related activities by applicable state and/or federal agencies. Statutes and regulations may affect both the timing and quantity of recovery of estimated reserves. Such statutes and regulations, and their enforcement, have changed in the past and may change in the future, and may result in upward or downward revisions to current estimated proved reserves.


S-20


Table of Contents

You should not assume that the standardized measure of discounted cash flows is the current market value of our estimated oil and natural gas reserves. In accordance with SEC requirements, the standardized measure of discounted cash flows from proved reserves at December 31, 2009, are based on twelve-month average prices and costs as of the date of the estimate. These prices and costs will change and may be materially higher or lower than the prices and costs as of the date of the estimate. Any changes in consumption by oil and natural gas purchasers or in governmental regulations or taxation may also affect actual future net cash flows. The timing of both the production and the expenses from the development and production of oil and natural gas properties will affect the timing of actual future net cash flows from proved reserves and their present value. In addition, the 10% discount factor we use when calculating standardized measure of discounted cash flows for reporting requirements in compliance with accounting requirements is not necessarily the most appropriate discount factor. The effective interest rate at various times and the risks associated with our operations or the oil and natural gas industry in general will affect the accuracy of the 10% discount factor.
 
We may be unable to successfully identify, execute or effectively integrate future acquisitions, which may negatively affect our results of operations.
 
Acquisitions of oil and gas businesses and properties have been an important element of our business, and we will continue to pursue acquisitions in the future. In the last several years, we have pursued and consummated acquisitions that have provided us opportunities to grow our production and reserves. Although we regularly engage in discussions with, and submit proposals to, acquisition candidates, suitable acquisitions may not be available in the future on reasonable terms. If we do identify an appropriate acquisition candidate, we may be unable to successfully negotiate the terms of an acquisition, finance the acquisition or, if the acquisition occurs, effectively integrate the acquired business into our existing business. Negotiations of potential acquisitions and the integration of acquired business operations may require a disproportionate amount of management’s attention and our resources. Even if we complete additional acquisitions, continued acquisition financing may not be available or available on reasonable terms, any new businesses may not generate revenues comparable to our existing business, the anticipated cost efficiencies or synergies may not be realized and these businesses may not be integrated successfully or operated profitably. The success of any acquisition will depend on a number of factors, including the ability to estimate accurately the recoverable volumes of reserves, rates of future production and future net revenues attainable from the reserves and to assess possible environmental liabilities. Our inability to successfully identify, execute or effectively integrate future acquisitions may negatively affect our results of operations.
 
Even though we perform due diligence reviews (including a review of title and other records) of the major properties we seek to acquire that we believe is consistent with industry practices, these reviews are inherently incomplete. It is generally not feasible for us to perform an in-depth review of every individual property and all records involved in each acquisition. However, even an in-depth review of records and properties may not necessarily reveal existing or potential problems or permit us to become familiar enough with the properties to assess fully their deficiencies and potential. Even when problems are identified, we may assume certain environmental and other risks and liabilities in connection with the acquired businesses and properties. The discovery of any material liabilities associated with our acquisitions could harm our results of operations.


S-21


Table of Contents

In addition, acquisitions of businesses may require additional debt or equity financing, resulting in additional leverage or dilution of ownership. Our senior secured bank credit facility contains certain covenants that limit, or which may have the effect of limiting, among other things acquisitions, capital expenditures, the sale of assets and the incurrence of additional indebtedness.
 
Hedging production may limit potential gains from increases in commodity prices or result in losses.
 
We enter into hedging arrangements from time to time to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in oil and natural gas prices and to achieve more predictable cash flow. Our hedges at June 30, 2010, are costless collars that are placed with the commodity trading branches of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., each of whom participates in our senior secured bank credit facility. We cannot assure you that these or future counterparties will not become credit risks in the future. Hedging arrangements expose us to risks in some circumstances, including situations when the counterparty to the hedging contract defaults on the contractual obligations or there is a change in the expected differential between the underlying price in the hedging agreement and actual prices received. These hedging arrangements may limit the benefit we could receive from increases in the market or spot prices for oil and natural gas. Oil and natural gas hedges increased (reduced) our total oil and gas sales by approximately $6.3 million, $79.9 million, ($8.3) million and $9.9 million during the first six months of 2010 and the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. We cannot assure you that the hedging transactions we have entered into, or will enter into, will adequately protect us from fluctuations in oil and natural gas prices.
 
The loss of key management or technical personnel could adversely affect our ability to operate.
 
Our operations are dependent upon a diverse group of key senior management and technical personnel. In addition, we employ numerous other skilled technical personnel, including geologists, geophysicists and engineers that are essential to our operations. We cannot assure you that such individuals will remain with us for the immediate or foreseeable future. The unexpected loss of the services of one or more of any of these key management or technical personnel could have an adverse effect on our operations.
 
Operating hazards may adversely affect our ability to conduct business.
 
Our operations are subject to risks inherent in the oil and natural gas industry, such as:
 
•  unexpected drilling conditions including blowouts, cratering and explosions;
•  uncontrollable flows of oil, natural gas or well fluids;
•  equipment failures, fires or accidents; and
•  pollution and other environmental risks.
 
These risks could result in substantial losses to us from injury and loss of life, damage to and destruction of property and equipment, pollution and other environmental damage and suspension of operations. Our offshore operations are also subject to a variety of operating risks peculiar to the marine environment, such as hurricanes or other adverse weather conditions and more extensive governmental regulation. These regulations may, in certain circumstances, impose strict liability for pollution damage or result in the interruption or termination of operations.


S-22


Table of Contents

Federal and state legislation and regulatory initiatives relating to hydraulic fracturing could result in increased costs and additional operating restrictions or delays.
 
Congress is currently considering legislation to amend the federal Safe Drinking Water Act to repeal the exemptions for hydraulic fracturing from the Safe Drinking Water Act and require the disclosure of chemicals used by the oil and gas industry in the hydraulic fracturing process. Hydraulic fracturing involves the injection of water, sand and chemicals under pressure into rock formations to stimulate natural gas production. Sponsors of bills currently pending before the Senate and House of Representatives have asserted that chemicals used in the fracturing process could adversely affect drinking water supplies. The proposed legislation could make it easier for third parties opposing the hydraulic fracturing process to initiate legal proceedings based on allegations that specific chemicals used in the fracturing process could adversely affect groundwater. Further, the legislation could result in an additional level of regulation that could lead to operational delays, increased operating costs and additional regulatory burdens.
 
Environmental compliance costs and environmental liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operations.
 
Our operations are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations governing the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relating to environmental protection. These laws and regulations may:
 
•  require the acquisition of permits before drilling commences;
 
•  restrict the types, quantities and concentration of various substances that can be released into the environment from drilling and production activities;
 
•  limit or prohibit drilling activities on certain lands lying within wilderness, wetlands and other protected areas;
 
•  require remedial measures to mitigate pollution from former operations, such as plugging abandoned wells; and
 
•  impose substantial liabilities for pollution resulting from our operations.
 
The trend toward stricter standards in environmental legislation and regulation is likely to continue. The enactment of stricter legislation or the adoption of stricter regulations could have a significant impact on our operating costs, as well as on the oil and natural gas industry in general.
 
Our operations could result in liability for personal injuries, property damage, oil spills, discharge of hazardous materials, remediation and clean-up costs and other environmental damages. We could also be liable for environmental damages caused by previous property owners. As a result, substantial liabilities to third parties or governmental entities may be incurred which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We maintain insurance coverage for our operations, including limited coverage for sudden and accidental environmental damages, but this insurance may not extend to the full potential liability that could be caused by sudden and accidental environmental damages and further may not cover environmental damages that occur over time. Accordingly, we may be subject to liability or may lose the ability to continue exploration or production activities upon substantial portions of our properties if certain environmental damages occur.


S-23


Table of Contents

The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 imposes a variety of regulations on “responsible parties” related to the prevention of oil spills. The implementation of new, or the modification of existing, environmental laws or regulations, including regulations promulgated pursuant to the Oil Pollution Act, could have a material adverse impact on us.
 
We cannot control the activities on properties we do not operate and we are unable to ensure the proper operation and profitability of these non-operated properties.
 
We do not operate all of the properties in which we have an interest. As a result, we have limited ability to exercise influence over, and control the risks associated with, the operation of these properties. The success and timing of drilling and development activities on our partially owned properties operated by others therefore will depend upon a number of factors outside of our control, including the operator’s:
 
•  timing and amount of capital expenditures;
 
•  expertise and diligence in adequately performing operations and complying with applicable agreements;
 
•  financial resources;
 
•  inclusion of other participants in drilling wells; and
 
•  use of technology.
 
As a result of any of the above or an operator’s failure to act in ways that are in our best interest, our allocated production revenues and results of operations could be adversely affected.
 
Ownership of working interests and overriding royalty interests in certain of our properties by certain of our officers and directors potentially creates conflicts of interest.
 
Certain of our executive officers and directors or their respective affiliates are working interest owners or overriding royalty interest owners in certain properties. In their capacity as working interest owners, they are required to pay their proportionate share of all costs and are entitled to receive their proportionate share of revenues in the normal course of business. As overriding royalty interest owners they are entitled to receive their proportionate share of revenues in the normal course of business. There is a potential conflict of interest between us and such officers and directors with respect to the drilling of additional wells or other development operations with respect to these properties.


S-24


Table of Contents

Risks related to the notes
 
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flows to meet our debt obligations, including the notes, and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, including the notes.
 
We expect our earnings and cash flows to vary significantly from year to year due to the cyclical nature of the oil and natural gas industry. As a result, the amount of debt that we can manage in some periods may not be appropriate for us in other periods. In addition, our future cash flows may be insufficient to meet our debt obligations and commitments, including the notes. Any insufficiency could negatively impact our business. A range of economic, competitive, business and industry factors will affect our future financial performance and, as a result, our ability to generate cash flows from operations and to pay our debt, including the notes. Many of these factors, such as oil and gas prices, economic and financial conditions in our industry and the global economy or competitive initiatives of our competitors, are beyond our control.
 
If we do not generate sufficient cash flows from operations to satisfy our debt obligations, we may have to undertake alternative financing plans, such as:
 
•  refinancing or restructuring our debt, including the notes, or seeking additional debt;
•  selling assets;
•  reducing or delaying capital investments; or
•  seeking to raise additional capital.
 
However, any alternative financing plans that we undertake, if necessary, may not allow us to meet our debt obligations. Our inability to generate sufficient cash flows to satisfy our debt obligations, including our obligations under the notes, or to obtain alternative financing, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
 
Our ability to restructure or refinance our indebtedness will depend on the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Any refinancing of our indebtedness could be at higher interest rates and could require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. The terms of existing or future debt instruments, including the credit agreement governing our senior secured bank credit facility and the indenture governing the notes, may restrict us from adopting some of these alternatives. In addition, any failure to make payments of interest or principal on our outstanding indebtedness on a timely basis would likely result in a reduction of our credit rating, which could harm our ability to incur additional indebtedness. In the absence of sufficient cash flows and capital resources, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations. We may not be able to refinance our indebtedness, sell assets or issue equity, or borrow more funds on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
 
In addition, if we fail to comply with the covenants or other terms of any agreements governing our debt, our lenders will have the right to accelerate the maturity of that debt and foreclose upon the collateral, if any, securing that debt and the lenders under our senior secured bank credit facility could terminate their commitments to loan money.
 
Realization of any of these factors could adversely affect our financial condition, including force us into bankruptcy or liquidation, which could result in your losing your investment in the notes.


S-25


Table of Contents

The notes and the guarantees will be unsecured and effectively subordinated to our and our subsidiary guarantors’ existing and future secured indebtedness and structurally subordinated to any future indebtedness and other liabilities of our non-guarantor subsidiaries.
 
The notes and the guarantees will be general unsecured senior obligations ranking effectively junior in right of payment to all existing and future secured debt of ours and that of each subsidiary guarantor, including obligations under our senior secured bank credit facility to the extent of the value of the collateral securing the debt and will be subordinate in right of payment to any existing or future indebtedness and other liabilities of our non-guarantor subsidiaries. Substantially all of our assets and the assets of the subsidiary guarantors are subject to liens under our senior secured bank credit facility. As of June 30, 2010, on an as adjusted basis to reflect the issuance and sale of the notes and the application of the net proceeds thereof as set forth under “Use of proceeds,” and assuming that we purchase all of our 2012 Notes in the tender offer, we would have had no outstanding senior indebtedness (other than the notes offered hereby) and we would have been able to incur $100 million of secured indebtedness under our senior secured bank credit facility. As of June 30, 2010, our non-guarantor subsidiaries had no outstanding indebtedness and no other material liabilities.
 
If we or a subsidiary guarantor is declared bankrupt, becomes insolvent or is liquidated or reorganized, any secured debt of ours, including under our senior secured bank credit facility, or that subsidiary guarantor will be entitled to be paid in full from our assets or the assets of the guarantor, as applicable, securing that debt before any payment may be made with respect to the notes or the affected guarantees. Holders of the notes will participate ratably in any remaining assets with all holders of our unsecured indebtedness that does not rank junior to the notes, including all of our other general creditors, based upon the respective amounts owed to each holder or creditor. In any of the foregoing events, there may not be sufficient assets to pay amounts due on the notes. As a result, holders of the notes would likely receive less, ratably, than holders of secured indebtedness. It is possible that there will be no assets from which claims of holders of the notes can be satisfied.
 
In addition, creditors of current and future subsidiaries that do not guarantee the notes will have claims, with respect to the assets of those subsidiaries, that rank structurally senior to the notes. In the event of any distribution or payment of assets of such subsidiaries in any dissolution, winding up, liquidation, reorganization, or other bankruptcy proceeding, the claims of those creditors must be satisfied prior to making any such distribution or payment to us in respect of its direct or indirect equity interests in such subsidiaries.
 
Our outstanding indebtedness may adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to operate our business, remain in compliance with debt covenants and make payments on our debt, including the notes.
 
As of June 30, 2010, on an as adjusted basis to reflect the issuance and sale of the notes and the application of the net proceeds thereof as set forth under “Use of proceeds,” and assuming that we purchase all of our 2012 Notes in the tender offer, we would have had no outstanding senior indebtedness (other than the notes offered hereby) and we would have been able to incur $100 million of secured indebtedness under our senior secured bank credit facility.
 
Our level of indebtedness could have important consequences for you, including the following:
 
•  it may be more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our outstanding indebtedness, including the notes offered hereby, and any failure to comply with the


S-26


Table of Contents

obligations of any of our debt agreements, including financial and other restrictive covenants, could result in an event of default under the indenture governing the notes and the agreements governing such other indebtedness;
 
•  the covenants contained in our debt agreements limit our ability to borrow money in the future for acquisitions, capital expenditures or to meet our operating expenses or other general corporate obligations and may limit our flexibility in operating our business;
 
•  we will need to use a substantial portion of our cash flows to pay principal and interest on our debt, including the notes, and to pay quarterly dividends, if declared by our board of directors, on our Series B cumulative convertible perpetual preferred stock of approximately $5.1 million per year, which will reduce the amount of money we have for operations, capital expenditures, expansion, acquisitions or general corporate or other business activities;
 
•  the amount of our interest expense may increase because certain of our borrowings in the future may be at variable rates of interest, which, if interest rates increase, could result in higher interest expense;
 
•  we may have a higher level of debt than some of our competitors, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage;
 
•  we may be more vulnerable to economic downturns and adverse developments in our industry or the economy in general, especially extended or further declines in oil and natural gas prices; and
 
•  our debt level could limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate.
 
Our ability to meet our expenses and debt obligations will depend on our future performance, which will be affected by financial, business, economic, regulatory and other factors. We will not be able to control many of these factors, such as economic conditions and governmental regulation. We cannot be certain that our cash flow from operations will be sufficient to allow us to pay the principal and interest on our debt, including the notes, and meet our other obligations. If we do not have enough cash to service our debt, we may be required to refinance all or part of our existing debt, including the notes, sell assets, borrow more money or raise equity. We may not be able to refinance our debt, sell assets, borrow more money or raise equity on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
 
We may be able to incur substantially more debt. This could exacerbate the risks associated with our indebtedness.
 
We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. As of June 30, 2010, on an as adjusted basis to reflect the issuance and sale of the notes and the application of the net proceeds thereof as set forth under “Use of proceeds,” and assuming that we purchase all of our 2012 Notes in the tender offer, we would have had no outstanding senior indebtedness (other than the notes offered hereby) and we would have been able to incur $100 million of indebtedness under our senior secured bank credit facility. Any additional borrowings would be secured, and as a result, effectively senior to the notes and the guarantees of the notes by our subsidiary guarantors, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness. In addition, although covenants under the indenture governing the notes will limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions, and indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions


S-27


Table of Contents

could be significant. The holders of any future debt we may incur that ranks equally with the notes will be entitled to share ratably with the holders of the notes in any proceeds distributed in connection with any insolvency, liquidation, reorganization, dissolution or other winding-up of us. This may have the effect of reducing the amount of proceeds paid to you.
 
If new debt is added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we and our subsidiaries now face could intensify. Any of these risks could result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, business prospects and ability to satisfy our obligations under the notes.
 
Restrictive debt covenants could limit our growth and our ability to finance our operations, fund our capital needs, respond to changing conditions and engage in other business activities that may be in our best interests.
 
Our senior secured bank credit facility and the indenture governing the notes contain a number of significant covenants in addition to covenants restricting the incurrence of additional debt. These covenants limit our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to, among other things:
 
•  pay dividends or distributions on our capital stock or issue preferred stock;
•  repurchase, redeem or retire our capital stock or subordinated debt;
•  make certain loans and investments;
•  place restrictions on the ability of subsidiaries to make distributions;
•  sell assets, including the capital stock of subsidiaries;
•  enter into certain transactions with affiliates;
•  create or assume certain liens on our assets;
•  enter into sale and leaseback transactions;
•  merge or to enter into other business combination transactions;
•  enter into transactions that would result in a change of control of us; or
•  engage in other corporate activities.
 
Also, our senior secured bank credit facility and the indenture governing the notes require us to maintain compliance with specified financial ratios and satisfy certain financial condition tests. Our ability to comply with these ratios and financial condition tests may be affected by events beyond our control, and we cannot assure you that we will meet these ratios and financial condition tests. These financial ratio restrictions and financial condition tests could limit our ability to obtain future financings, make needed capital expenditures, withstand a future downturn in our business or the economy in general or otherwise conduct necessary corporate activities. We may also be prevented from taking advantage of business opportunities that arise because of the limitations that the restrictive covenants under our senior secured bank credit facility and the indenture governing the notes impose on us.
 
A breach of any of these covenants or our inability to comply with the required financial ratios or financial condition tests could result in a default under our senior secured bank credit facility and the notes. A default, if not cured or waived, could result in all indebtedness outstanding under our senior secured bank credit facility and the notes to become immediately due and payable. If that should occur, we may not be able to pay all such debt or borrow sufficient funds to refinance it. Even if new financing were then available, it may not be on terms that are acceptable to us. If we were unable to repay those amounts, the lenders could accelerate the


S-28


Table of Contents

maturity of the debt or proceed against any collateral granted to them to secure such defaulted debt. See “Description of our other indebtedness” and “Description of the notes—Defaults.”
 
We are currently in compliance with our senior secured bank credit facility described above. In March 2009, PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C., one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries referred to herein as PELLC, failed to deliver a report and certain documents to the lenders under the senior secured bank credit facility, which failure constituted a default under the terms of the senior secured bank credit facility. On March 24, 2009, we, PELLC and certain lenders to the senior secured bank credit facility entered into an amendment of the senior secured bank credit facility, which, among other things, waived such default.
 
We may not be able to repurchase the notes upon a change of control.
 
If we experience certain kinds of changes of control, as defined in the indenture governing the notes, we are required to offer to purchase all of the notes then outstanding at 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. However, in such an event, we might not be able to pay you the required repurchase price for the notes you present to us because we might not have sufficient funds available at that time, or the terms of our senior secured bank credit facility or other indebtedness may prevent us from applying funds to repurchase the notes. The source of funds for any repurchase required as a result of a change of control will be our available cash or cash generated from our oil and gas operations or other sources, including:
 
•  borrowings under our senior secured bank credit facility or other sources;
•  sales of assets; or
•  sales of equity.
 
Sufficient funds may not be available at the time of any change of control to repurchase your notes after first repaying any of our senior debt that may exist at the time. In addition, restrictions under our senior secured bank credit facility will not, and restrictions under any future such senior secured credit facilities likely will not, allow such repurchases and we may not be able to have these restrictions waived. Our failure to purchase the notes as required under the indenture would result in a default under the indenture governing the notes and a cross default under our senior secured bank credit facility, each of which could have material adverse consequences for us and the holders of the notes. A “change of control” (as defined in the indenture governing the notes) may also be an event of default under our senior secured bank credit facility that would permit the lenders to accelerate the debt outstanding under that credit facility. Finally, using available cash to fund the potential consequences of a change of control may impair our ability to obtain additional financing in the future, which could negatively impact our ability to conduct our business operations.
 
In addition, you should note that recent case law suggests that, in the event that incumbent directors are replaced as a result of a contested election, issuers may nevertheless avoid triggering a change of control under a clause similar to clause 2 of the definition of “Change of Control” under the caption “Description of the notes—Change of control,” if the outgoing directors were to approve the new directors for the purpose of such change of control clause.
 
The change of control provisions in the indenture governing the notes may not protect you in the event we consummate a highly leveraged transaction, reorganization, restructuring, merger or other similar transaction, unless such transaction constitutes a change of control under the indenture. Such a transaction may not involve a change in voting power or beneficial ownership


S-29


Table of Contents

or, even if it does, may not involve a change in the magnitude required under the definition of change of control in the indenture to trigger our obligation to repurchase or redeem the notes in the event of a takeover, recapitalization or similar transaction. See “Description of the notes—Change of control.”
 
Holders of the notes may not be able to determine when a change of control giving rise to their right to have the notes repurchased has occurred following a sale of “substantially all” of our assets.
 
The definition of change of control in the indenture governing the notes includes a phrase relating to the sale of “all or substantially all” of our assets. There is no precise established definition of the phrase “substantially all” under applicable law. Accordingly, the ability of a holder of notes to require us to repurchase its notes as a result of a sale of less than all our assets to another person may be uncertain.
 
A financial failure by us or our subsidiaries may result in the assets of any or all of those entities becoming subject to the claims of all creditors of those entities.
 
A financial failure by us or our subsidiaries could affect payment of the notes if a bankruptcy court were to substantively consolidate us and our subsidiaries. If a bankruptcy court substantively consolidated us and our subsidiaries, the assets of each entity would be subject to the claims of creditors of all entities. This would expose you not only to the usual impairments arising from bankruptcy, but also to potential dilution of the amount ultimately recoverable because of the larger creditor base. Furthermore, forced restructuring of the notes could occur through the cram-down provision of the bankruptcy code. Under this provision, the notes could be restructured over your objections as to their general terms, primarily interest rate and maturity.
 
Federal and state statutes could allow courts, under specific circumstances, to void or subordinate the notes or any of the subsidiary guarantees and require note holders to return payments received from us or the subsidiary guarantors.
 
Under federal bankruptcy law and comparable provisions of state fraudulent transfer laws, the notes or any of the subsidiary guarantees thereof could be voided, or claims in respect of the notes or any of the subsidiary guarantees could be subordinated to all our indebtedness or that of the subsidiary guarantors if, among other things, we or a guarantor, at the time we or such guarantor incurred the indebtedness evidenced by the notes or such subsidiary guarantee received less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration for the issuance of the notes or for the incurrence of such subsidiary guarantee and:
 
•  were insolvent or rendered insolvent by reason of such incurrence; or
 
•  were engaged in a business or transaction for which our or the subsidiary guarantor’s remaining assets constituted unreasonably small capital; or
 
•  intended to incur, or believed that we or the subsidiary guarantor would incur, debts beyond our or the subsidiary guarantor’s ability to pay such debts as they mature; or
 
•  were a defendant in an action for money damages docketed against us or such subsidiary guarantor if, in either case, after final judgment the judgment was unsatisfied.


S-30


Table of Contents

 
As a general matter, value is given for a transfer or an obligation if, in exchange for the transfer or obligation, property is transferred or an antecedent debt is secured or satisfied. A court would likely find that we or a subsidiary guarantor did not receive reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration for the notes or its guarantee, respectively, if we or such subsidiary guarantor did not substantially benefit directly or indirectly from the issuance of the notes.
 
We cannot be certain as to the standards a court would use to determine whether we or a subsidiary guarantor were solvent at the relevant time or, regardless of the standard that a court uses, whether the notes or the subsidiary guarantees would be subordinated to our or any of our subsidiary guarantors’ other debt. In general, however, a court would deem an entity insolvent if:
 
•  the sum of its debts, including contingent and unliquidated liabilities, was greater than the fair saleable value of all of its assets;
 
•  the present fair saleable value of its assets was less than the amount that would be required to pay its probable liability on its existing debts, including contingent liabilities, as they become absolute and mature; or
 
•  it could not pay its debts as they became due.
 
If a court were to void the issuance of the notes or the incurrence of the subsidiary guarantees as the result of a fraudulent transfer or conveyance, or hold such obligations unenforceable for any other reason, holders of the notes would cease to have a claim against us or that subsidiary guarantor on its guarantee. A court could also subordinate the notes or any of the subsidiary guarantees to the other indebtedness of ours or the applicable subsidiary guarantor, direct that holders of the notes return any amounts paid under the notes or a subsidiary guarantee to us or the applicable subsidiary guarantor or to a fund for the benefit of its creditors, or take other action detrimental to the holders of the notes.
 
Each subsidiary guarantee will contain a provision intended to limit the subsidiary guarantor’s liability to the maximum amount that it could incur without causing the incurrence of obligations under its guarantee to be a fraudulent transfer. This provision may not be effective to protect the guarantees from being voided under fraudulent transfer or conveyance law.
 
The amount that can be collected under future subsidiary guarantees, if any, will be limited.
 
Each subsidiary guarantee entered into after the closing date will contain a provision intended to limit such guarantor’s liability to the maximum amount that it could guarantee without causing the incurrence of the obligations under its guarantee to be a fraudulent transfer. This provision may not be effective to protect subsidiary guarantees from being voided under applicable fraudulent transfer laws or may reduce the guarantor’s obligation to an amount that effectively makes the subsidiary guarantee worthless. In a recent Florida bankruptcy case, this kind of provision was found to be ineffective to protect the guarantees.
 
There is a risk of a preferential transfer if:
 
•  a subsidiary guarantor declares bankruptcy or its creditors force it to declare bankruptcy within 90 days (or in certain cases, one year) after a payment on the guarantee; or
 
•  a subsidiary guarantee was made in contemplation of insolvency.


S-31


Table of Contents

 
In addition, a court could require holders of notes to return amounts received from the subsidiary guarantor during the 90-day (or, in certain cases, one-year) period.
 
Your ability to transfer the notes may be limited by the absence of an active trading market, and an active trading market may not develop for the notes.
 
The notes are a new issue of securities for which there is no established trading market. An active trading market may not develop for the notes. Historically, the market for non-investment grade debt has been subject to disruptions that have caused substantial volatility in the prices of securities similar to the notes. The market, if any, for the notes may not be free from similar disruptions, and any such disruptions may adversely affect the prices at which you may sell your notes. In addition, subsequent to their initial issuance, the notes may trade at a discount from their initial offering price, depending upon prevailing interest rates, the market for similar notes, our operating performance and financial condition and other factors.
 
We do not intend to apply for listing or quotation of the notes on any securities exchange or stock market. The liquidity of any market for the notes will depend on a number of factors, including:
 
•  the number of holders of notes;
•  our operating performance and financial condition;
•  the market for similar securities;
•  the interest of securities dealers in making a market in the notes; and
•  prevailing interest rates.
 
Our subsidiary guarantees may be released upon the occurrence of certain events.
 
Our subsidiaries that provide, or will provide, guarantees of the notes will be automatically released from such guarantees upon the occurrence of certain events, including the following:
 
•  the designation of such subsidiary guarantor as an unrestricted subsidiary;
 
•  the release or discharge of any guarantee or indebtedness that resulted in the creation of the guarantee of the notes by such subsidiary guarantor;
 
•  if we exercise our legal defeasance option or our covenant defeasance option under the indenture or if our obligations under the indenture are discharged in accordance with the terms of the indenture; or
 
•  the sale or other disposition, including the sale of substantially all the assets, of such subsidiary guarantor.
 
If any such subsidiary guarantee is released, no holder of the notes will have a claim as a creditor against any such subsidiary and the indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables and preferred stock, if any, whether secured or unsecured, of such subsidiary will be effectively senior to the claim of any holders of the notes. See “Description of the notes—Guarantees.”


S-32


Table of Contents

Changes in our credit rating or in the rating assigned by a rating agency to the notes could adversely affect the market price or liquidity of the notes.
 
Credit rating agencies continually revise their ratings for the companies that they follow, including us. The credit rating agencies also evaluate our industry as a whole and may change their credit ratings for us based on their overall view of our industry. We cannot be sure that credit rating agencies will maintain their ratings on the notes. A negative change in our ratings could have an adverse effect on the price of the notes.
 
The notes have been rated by nationally recognized statistical rating agencies and may in the future be rated by additional rating agencies. We cannot assure you that any rating assigned will remain for any given period of time or that a rating will not be lowered or withdrawn entirely by a rating agency if, in that rating agency’s judgment, circumstances relating to the basis of the rating, such as adverse changes in our business, so warrant. Any lowering or withdrawal of a rating by a rating agency could reduce the liquidity or market value of the notes.


S-33


Table of Contents

 
Use of proceeds
 
The net proceeds to us from the offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses, are expected to be approximately $146.2 million.
 
We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering, together with cash on hand, to purchase for cash our 2012 Notes tendered and accepted by us for purchase pursuant to the tender offer. If we purchase all of the outstanding 2012 Notes in the tender offer by the first business day following the early consent date specified in the consent solicitation, we expect the aggregate consideration payable would be approximately $158.3 million (which includes approximately $4.0 million of accrued interest). This offering is not contingent on the closing of the tender offer. In the event that we purchase less than all of the 2012 Notes in the tender offer, we currently expect to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to redeem 2012 Notes not purchased in the tender offer.
 
As of June 30, 2010, there were outstanding $150 million of 2012 Notes, which mature on May 15, 2012, and bear interest at a rate of 103/8% per annum.


S-34


Table of Contents

 
Capitalization
 
The following table sets forth our unaudited cash and cash equivalents and consolidated capitalization as of June 30, 2010:
 
•  on an actual basis; and
 
•  on an as adjusted basis to reflect our sale of the notes in this offering and the application of the net proceeds thereof as described in “Use of proceeds,” including completion of the purchase of all outstanding 2012 Notes pursuant to the tender offer.
 
You should read this table in conjunction with the section entitled “Use of proceeds” in this prospectus supplement, and the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement.
 
                 
 
    As of June 30, 2010  
($ in thousands, except per share data)   Actual     As adjusted(1)  
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 57,844     $ 45,783  
     
     
Long term debt:
               
Senior secured bank credit facility(2)
           
103/8% senior notes due 2012
    149,413        
10% senior notes due 2017 offered hereby
          150,000  
     
     
Total debt
  $ 149,413     $ 150,000  
     
     
Stockholders’ equity:
               
Preferred stock, par value $.001 per share; 5,000,000 shares authorized; 1,495,000 issued and outstanding(3)
    1       1  
Common stock, par value $.001 per share; 150,000,000 shares authorized; 61,434,307 shares issued and outstanding
    61       61  
Additional paid-in capital
    263,505       263,505  
Accumulated other comprehensive income
    4,071       4,071  
Accumulated deficit(4)
    (64,741 )     (72,202 )
     
     
Total stockholders’ equity
  $ 202,897     $ 195,436  
     
     
Total capitalization
  $ 352,310     $ 345,436  
 
 
 
(1) Assumes that all $150 million of the 2012 Notes are tendered and purchased in the tender offer at an aggregate purchase price of approximately $158.3 million (which includes approximately $4.0 million of accrued interest and assumes all 2012 Notes are tendered and purchased by the first business day following the early consent date specified in the consent solicitation). The offering is not conditioned on the tender offer. In the event that we purchase less than all of the 2012 Notes in the tender offer, we currently expect to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to redeem 2012 Notes not purchased in the tender offer.
 
(2) The senior secured bank credit facility has a current borrowing base of $100 million effective March 22, 2010.
 
(3) The 1,495,000 shares of 6.875% Series B cumulative convertible perpetual preferred stock, or the Series B Preferred Stock, accumulate dividends at an annual rate of 6.875% for each share of Series B Preferred Stock. Dividends are cumulative from the date of first issuance and, to the extent payment of dividends is not prohibited by our debt agreements, assets are legally available to pay dividends and our board of directors declares a dividend, we will pay dividends in cash every quarter. Subject to certain conditions, on or after October 20, 2010, we may, at our option, cause shares of the Series B Preferred Stock to be automatically converted at the applicable conversion rate. Additionally, each share of Series B Preferred Stock may be converted at any time, at the option of the holder, into 3.4433 shares of our common stock (which is based on an initial conversion price of approximately $14.52 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment) plus cash in lieu of fractional shares, subject to our right to settle all or a portion of any such conversion in cash or shares of our common stock. Upon any conversion, the holder will not receive any cash payment representing accumulated and unpaid dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock, whether or not in arrears, except in limited circumstances. The conversion rate is equal to $50 divided by the conversion price, which is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events.
 
(4) Adjusted to reflect the premium paid and related fees and expenses in the tender offer, and the write-off of the unamortized financing costs and discount associated with the 2012 Notes.


S-35


Table of Contents

 
Description of our other indebtedness
 
Senior secured bank credit facility
 
We have a senior secured bank credit facility with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., as co-lead arranger, Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, as syndication agent and co-lead arranger, Bank of America, N.A., as documentation agent, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., and Whitney National Bank. The credit facility provides for a $300 million revolving credit facility that permits borrowings based on the available borrowing base as determined in accordance with the credit facility. The credit facility also allows us to use up to $25 million of the borrowing base for letters of credit. The credit facility matures on February 10, 2012; provided, however, if on or prior to such date we prepay or refinance, subject to certain conditions, the 2012 Notes, the maturity date will be extended to October 2, 2013. We had no borrowings outstanding as of June 30, 2010, under (and no letters of credit issued pursuant to) the credit facility.
 
The borrowing base under the credit facility is based upon the valuation as of January 1 and July 1 of each year of the reserves attributable to our oil and gas properties. The current borrowing base, which was based upon the valuation of the reserves attributable to our oil and gas property as of January 1, 2010, is $100 million effective March 22, 2010. The next borrowing base redetermination is scheduled to occur by September 30, 2010. We or the lenders may request two additional borrowing base redeterminations each year. Each time the borrowing base is to be redetermined, the administrative agent under the credit facility will propose a new borrowing base as it deems appropriate in its sole discretion, which must be approved by all lenders if the borrowing base is to be increased, or by lenders holding two-thirds of the amounts outstanding under the credit facility if the borrowing base remains the same or is reduced.
 
The credit facility is secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of our assets, including a lien on all equipment and at least 85% of the aggregate total value of our oil and gas properties. Outstanding balances under the credit facility bear interest at the alternate base rate, or ABR, plus a margin (based on a sliding scale of 1.625% to 2.625% depending on borrowing base usage) or the adjusted LIBO rate, or Eurodollar, plus a margin (based on a sliding scale of 2.5% to 3.5% depending on borrowing base usage). The alternate base rate is equal to the highest of (i) the JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. prime rate, (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate plus 0.5% or (iii) the adjusted LIBO rate plus 1%. For the purposes of the definition of alternative base rate only, the adjusted LIBO rate is equal to the rate at which dollar deposits of $5,000,000 with a one month maturity are offered by the principal London office of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. in immediately available funds in the London interbank market. For all other purposes, the adjusted LIBO rate is equal to the rate at which Eurodollar deposits in the London interbank market for one, two, three or six months (as selected by us) are quoted, as adjusted for statutory reserve requirements for Eurocurrency liabilities. Outstanding letters of credit are charged a participation fee at a per annum rate equal to the margin applicable to Eurodollar loans, a fronting fee and customary administrative fees. In addition, we pay commitment fees of 0.5%.
 
We are subject to certain restrictive financial covenants under the credit facility, including a maximum ratio of total debt to EBITDAX, determined on a rolling four quarter basis, of 3.0 to 1.0 and a minimum ratio of consolidated current assets to consolidated current liabilities of 1.0 to 1.0, all as defined in the credit facility. The credit facility also includes customary restrictions


S-36


Table of Contents

with respect to debt, liens, dividends, distributions and redemptions, investments, loans and advances, nature of business, international operations and foreign subsidiaries, leases, sale or discount of receivables, mergers or consolidations, sales of properties, transactions with affiliates, negative pledge agreements, gas imbalances and swap agreements. As of June 30, 2010, we were in compliance with all of the covenants contained in the credit facility.
 
In connection with this offering, August 5, 2010, we entered into an amendment to our senior secured bank credit facility, which permits us to issue up to $200 million in notes. This amendment also provides that the indebtedness outstanding under our 2012 Notes must be repaid or redeemed within 60 days following the issuance of the notes offered hereby
 
103/8% Senior Notes due 2012
 
On May 11, 2005, we and our wholly-owned subsidiary, PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C., or PELLC, issued $125 million in principal amount of 103/8% Senior Notes due 2012 at 98.783% of their face value. On June 17, 2005, we and PELLC issued an additional $25 million in principal amount of 103/8% Senior Notes due 2012 at 99% of their face value. Collectively, these issuances of 103/8% Senior Notes due 2012 are referred to as the 2012 Notes.
 
The 2012 Notes are presently redeemable at 102.594% of their principal amount, and will be redeemable at 100% of their principal amount commencing on May 15, 2011. Interest is payable semi-annually on May 15 and November 15 of each year. The 2012 Notes will mature on May 15, 2012.
 
Concurrently with this offering, we are conducting a cash tender offer for any or all of the entire $150 million outstanding principal amount of the 2012 Notes. In connection with the tender offer, we are also seeking consents to eliminate substantially all the covenants in the indenture governing the 2012 Notes. The tender offer is scheduled to expire on September 1, 2010, subject to our right to extend the offer. We expect that the aggregate consideration payable if we acquire all of the outstanding 2012 Notes in the tender offer would be approximately $158.3 million (which includes approximately $4.0 million of accrued interest and assumes all 2012 Notes are tendered and purchased by the first business day following the early consent date specified in the consent solicitation). The tender offer is being made pursuant to a separate Offer to Purchase and Consent Solicitation Statement, and this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are not an offer to purchase or a solicitation of any consent with respect to the 2012 Notes. We intend to finance the purchase of the 2012 Notes in the tender offer with the net proceeds from this offering, together with cash on hand. The closing of the tender offer is conditioned on, among other things, our having obtained gross proceeds of not less than $150 million in respect of this offering. The tender offer is also conditioned on at least a majority of the 2012 Notes being tendered and not withdrawn, as well as other customary closing conditions. We currently expect to redeem any 2012 Notes that are not tendered pursuant to the tender offer.


S-37


Table of Contents

 
Description of the notes
 
PetroQuest Energy, Inc. will issue the notes (the “Notes”) under an Indenture (the “Indenture”) among itself, the Subsidiary Guarantors and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee. The terms of the Notes include those stated in the Indenture and those made part of the Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act.
 
Certain terms used in this description are defined under the subheading “—Certain definitions”. In this description, the terms “Company”, “we” and “our” refer only to PetroQuest Energy, Inc. and not to any of its subsidiaries.
 
The following description is only a summary of the material provisions of the Indenture. We urge you to read the Indenture because it, not this description, defines your rights as holders of these Notes. You may request copies of the Indenture at our address set forth under the heading “Where you can find more information”.
 
Brief description of the notes
 
These Notes:
 
•  are unsecured senior obligations of the Company;
•  are senior in right of payment to any future Subordinated Obligations of the Company; and
•  are guaranteed by each Subsidiary Guarantor.
 
Principal, maturity and interest
 
The Company will issue the Notes initially with a maximum aggregate principal amount of $150 million. The Company will issue the Notes in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple of $1,000. The Notes will mature on September 1, 2017. Subject to our compliance with the covenant described under the subheading “—Certain covenants—Limitation on indebtedness”, we are permitted to issue more Notes from time to time under the Indenture (the “Additional Notes”). The Notes and the Additional Notes, if any, will be treated as a single class for all purposes of the Indenture, including waivers, amendments, redemptions and offers to purchase. Unless the context otherwise requires, for all purposes of the Indenture and this “Description of the notes”, references to the Notes include any Additional Notes actually issued.
 
Interest on these Notes will accrue at the rate of 10% per annum and will be payable semiannually in arrears on March 1 and September 1, commencing on March 1, 2011. We will make each interest payment to the holders of record of these Notes on the immediately preceding February 15 and August 15. We will pay interest on overdue principal at 1% per annum in excess of the above rate and will pay interest on overdue installments of interest at such higher rate to the extent lawful.
 
Interest on these Notes will accrue from the date of original issuance. Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months.
 
Optional redemption
 
Except as set forth below and under “—Change of control”, we will not be entitled to redeem the Notes.


S-38


Table of Contents

On and after September 1, 2014, we will be entitled at our option to redeem all or a portion of these Notes upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days’ notice, at the redemption prices (expressed in percentages of principal amount on the redemption date), plus accrued interest to the redemption date (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date), if redeemed during the 12-month period commencing on September 1 of the years set forth below:
 
         
 
Period   Redemption price  
 
 
2014
    105.000%  
2015
    102.500%  
2016 and thereafter
    100.000%  
 
 
 
Prior to September 1, 2013, we will be entitled at our option on one or more occasions to redeem Notes (which includes Additional Notes, if any) in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed 35% of the original aggregate principal amount of the Notes (which includes Additional Notes, if any) at a redemption price (expressed as a percentage of principal amount) of 110%, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date, with the net cash proceeds from one or more Equity Offerings; provided, however, that
 
1. at least 65% of such original aggregate principal amount of Notes (which includes Additional Notes, if any) remains outstanding immediately after the occurrence of each such redemption (other than Notes held, directly or indirectly, by the Company or its Affiliates); and
 
2. each such redemption occurs within 120 days after the date of the related Equity Offering.
 
In addition, prior to September 1, 2014, we will be entitled at our option to redeem the Notes (which includes Additional Notes, if any), in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes plus the Applicable Premium as of, and accrued and unpaid interest to, the redemption date (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date).
 
Applicable Premium means, with respect to a Note at any redemption date, the greater of (i) 1.00% of the principal amount of such Note and (ii) the excess, if any, of (A) the aggregate present value at such redemption date of (1) the redemption price of such Note on September 1, 2014 (such redemption price being described in the second paragraph in this “—Optional redemption” section, exclusive of any accrued interest) plus (2) all required remaining scheduled interest payments due on such Note through September 1, 2014 (but excluding accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date), computed using a discount rate equal to the Adjusted Treasury Rate, over (B) the principal amount of such Note on such redemption date.
 
Adjusted Treasury Rate” means, with respect to any redemption date, (i) the yield, under the heading which represents the average for the immediately preceding week, appearing in the most recently published statistical release designated “H.15(519)” or any successor publication which is published weekly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and which establishes yields on actively traded United States Treasury securities adjusted to constant maturity under the caption “Treasury Constant Maturities”, for the maturity corresponding to the Comparable Treasury Issue (if no maturity is within three months before or after September 1, 2014, yields for the two published maturities most closely corresponding to the Comparable Treasury Issue shall be determined and the Adjusted Treasury Rate shall be interpolated or


S-39


Table of Contents

extrapolated from such yields on a straight line basis, rounding to the nearest month) or (ii) if such release (or any successor release) is not published during the week preceding the calculation date or does not contain such yields, the rate per year equal to the semi-annual equivalent yield to maturity of the Comparable Treasury Issue (expressed as a percentage of its principal amount) equal to the Comparable Treasury Price for such redemption date, in each case calculated on the third Business Day immediately preceding the redemption date, plus in the case of each of clauses (i) and (ii) 0.50%.
 
Comparable Treasury Issue means the United States Treasury security selected by the Quotation Agent as having a maturity comparable to the remaining term of the Notes from the redemption date to September 1, 2014, that would be utilized, at the time of selection and in accordance with customary financial practice, in pricing new issues of corporate debt securities of a maturity most nearly equal to September 1, 2014.
 
Comparable Treasury Price means, with respect to any redemption date, if clause (ii) of the Adjusted Treasury Rate is applicable, the average of three, or such lesser number as is obtained by the Trustee, Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations for such redemption date.
 
Quotation Agent means the Reference Treasury Dealer selected by the Company.
 
Reference Treasury Dealer means J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and its successors and assigns and two other nationally recognized investment banking firms selected by the Company that are primary U.S. Government securities dealers.
 
Reference Treasury Dealer Quotations means, with respect to each Reference Treasury Dealer and any redemption date, the average, as determined by the Trustee, of the bid and asked prices for the Comparable Treasury Issue, expressed in each case as a percentage of its principal amount, quoted in writing to the Trustee by such Reference Treasury Dealer at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the third Business Day immediately preceding such redemption date.
 
Selection and notice of redemption
 
If we are redeeming less than all the Notes at any time, the Trustee will select Notes on a pro rata basis to the extent practicable.
 
We will redeem Notes of $1,000 or less in whole and not in part. We will cause notices of redemption to be mailed by first-class mail at least 30 but not more than 60 days before the redemption date to each holder of Notes to be redeemed at its registered address.
 
If any Note is to be redeemed in part only, the notice of redemption that relates to that Note will state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. We will issue a new Note in a principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the original Note in the name of the holder upon cancelation of the original Note. Notes called for redemption become due and payable on the date fixed for redemption. On and after the redemption date, interest ceases to accrue on Notes or portions of them called for redemption.
 
Mandatory redemption; offers to purchase; open market purchases
 
We are not required to make any mandatory redemption or sinking fund payments with respect to the Notes. However, under certain circumstances, we may be required to offer to purchase Notes as described under the captions “—Change of control” and “—Certain covenants—


S-40


Table of Contents

Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock”. We may at any time and from time to time purchase Notes in the open market or otherwise.
 
Guarantees
 
As of the Issue Date, all the existing subsidiaries of the Company, other than (1) PetroQuest Oil & Gas, L.L.C. (which will be an Unrestricted Subsidiary), (2) Sea Harvester Energy Development, L.L.C. and (3) Pittrans, Inc., will be Subsidiary Guarantors. The Subsidiary Guarantors will jointly and severally guarantee, on a senior unsecured basis, our obligations under these Notes. The obligations of each Subsidiary Guarantor under its Subsidiary Guaranty will be limited as necessary to prevent that Subsidiary Guaranty from constituting a fraudulent conveyance under applicable law. The U.S. bankruptcy court for the southern district of Florida recently held a similar limitation on the amount of a subsidiary guarantor’s liability under a guarantee to be unenforceable and concluded that the guarantee was a fraudulent transfer voidable under applicable bankruptcy law. See “Risk factors—Federal and state statutes could allow courts, under specific circumstances, to void or subordinate the notes or any of the subsidiary guarantees and require note holders to return payments received from us or the subsidiary guarantors”. PetroQuest Oil & Gas, L.L.C. serves as a nominee that holds legal title to certain oil and gas interests for third parties in which the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries claim no equitable interest. Sea Harvester Energy Development, L.L.C. and Pittrans, Inc. are inactive companies with no operations or assets. The aggregate assets and revenues as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2010 attributable to all subsidiaries of the Company that are not providing guarantees constituted less than 1% of the Company’s consolidated assets and revenues as of and for the period ended such date.
 
Each Subsidiary Guarantor that makes a payment under its Subsidiary Guaranty will be entitled upon payment in full of all guaranteed obligations under the Indenture to a contribution from each other Subsidiary Guarantor in an amount equal to such other Subsidiary Guarantor’s pro rata portion of such payment based on the respective net assets of all the Subsidiary Guarantors at the time of such payment determined in accordance with GAAP.
 
If a Subsidiary Guaranty were rendered voidable, it could be subordinated by a court to all other indebtedness (including guarantees and other contingent liabilities) of the applicable Subsidiary Guarantor, and, depending on the amount of such indebtedness, a Subsidiary Guarantor’s liability on its Subsidiary Guaranty could be reduced to zero. See “Risk factors—Federal and state statutes could allow courts, under specific circumstances, to void or subordinate the notes or any of the subsidiary guarantees and require note holders to return payments received from us or the subsidiary guarantors”.
 
Pursuant to the Indenture, (A) a Subsidiary Guarantor may consolidate with, merge with or into, or transfer all or substantially all its assets to any other Person to the extent described below under “—Certain covenants—Merger and consolidation” and (B) the Capital Stock of a Subsidiary Guarantor may be sold or otherwise disposed of to another Person to the extent described below under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock”; provided, however, that in the case of the consolidation, merger or transfer of all or substantially all the assets of such Subsidiary Guarantor, if such other Person is not the Company or a Subsidiary Guarantor, such Subsidiary Guarantor’s obligations under its Subsidiary Guaranty must


S-41


Table of Contents

be expressly assumed by such other Person, except that such assumption will not be required in the case of:
 
1. the sale or other disposition (including by way of consolidation or merger) of a Subsidiary Guarantor, including the sale or disposition of Capital Stock of a Subsidiary Guarantor following which such Subsidiary Guarantor is no longer a Subsidiary; or
 
2. the sale or disposition of all or substantially all the assets of a Subsidiary Guarantor;
 
in each case other than to the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company and as permitted by the Indenture and if, in connection therewith, the Company provides an Officers’ Certificate to the Trustee to the effect that the Company will comply with its obligations under the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock” in respect of such disposition. Upon any sale or disposition described in clause (1) or (2) above, the obligor on the related Subsidiary Guaranty will be released from its obligations thereunder.
 
The Subsidiary Guaranty of a Subsidiary Guarantor also will be released:
 
1. upon the designation of such Subsidiary Guarantor as an Unrestricted Subsidiary;
 
2. at such time as such Subsidiary Guarantor does not have any Indebtedness outstanding that would have required such Subsidiary Guarantor to enter into a Guaranty Agreement pursuant to the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Future guarantors”; or
 
3. if we exercise our legal defeasance option or our covenant defeasance option as described under “—Defeasance” or if our obligations under the Indenture are satisfied and discharged in accordance with the terms of the Indenture.
 
Ranking
 
Senior indebtedness versus notes
 
The indebtedness evidenced by the Notes and the Subsidiary Guarantees will be unsecured and will rank pari passu in right of payment to the Senior Indebtedness of the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors, as the case may be. The Notes will be guaranteed by the Subsidiary Guarantors.
 
As of June 30, 2010, after giving pro forma effect to this Offering and assuming the purchase of all of our 2012 Notes in the tender offer, the Company and the Guarantors would have had no outstanding Senior Indebtedness (other than the Notes and the Subsidiary Guarantees) and no outstanding secured Indebtedness.
 
The Notes are unsecured obligations of the Company. Secured debt and other secured obligations of the Company (including obligations with respect to the Credit Agreement) will be effectively senior to the Notes to the extent of the value of the assets securing such debt or other obligations.
 
Liabilities of subsidiaries versus notes
 
A substantial portion of our operations is currently conducted through PetroQuest Energy L.L.C., although in the future our operations could be conducted through our other subsidiaries. As described above under “—Guarantees”, Subsidiary Guarantees may be released under certain circumstances. In addition, our future subsidiaries may not be required to Guarantee the Notes.


S-42


Table of Contents

Claims of creditors of such non-guarantor subsidiaries, including trade creditors and creditors holding indebtedness or Guarantees issued by such non-guarantor subsidiaries, and claims of preferred stockholders of such non-guarantor subsidiaries generally will have priority with respect to the assets and earnings of such non-guarantor subsidiaries over the claims of our creditors, including holders of the Notes. Accordingly, the Notes will be effectively subordinated to creditors (including trade creditors) and preferred stockholders, if any, of our non-guarantor subsidiaries.
 
At June 30, 2010, our non-guarantor subsidiaries had no outstanding Indebtedness and no other material liabilities. Although the Indenture limits the incurrence of Indebtedness and preferred stock by certain of our subsidiaries, such limitation is subject to a number of significant qualifications. Moreover, the Indenture does not impose any limitation on the incurrence by such subsidiaries of liabilities that are not considered Indebtedness under the Indenture. See “—Certain covenants—Limitation on indebtedness”.
 
Change of control
 
Upon the occurrence of any of the following events (each a “Change of Control”), each Holder shall have the right to require that the Company repurchase such Holder’s Notes at a purchase price in cash equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof on the date of purchase plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase (subject to the right of holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date):
 
1. any “person” (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) is or becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Exchange Act, except that for purposes of this clause (1) such person shall be deemed to have “beneficial ownership” of all shares that any such person has the right to acquire, whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time) directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the total voting power of the Voting Stock of the Company;
 
2. individuals who on the Issue Date constituted the Board of Directors (together with any new directors whose election by such Board of Directors or whose nomination for election by the shareholders of the Company was approved by a vote of a majority of the directors of the Company then still in office who were either directors on the Issue Date or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved) cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the Board of Directors then in office;
 
3. the adoption by the stockholders of the Company of a plan of liquidation or dissolution of the Company; or
 
4. the merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person or the merger of another Person with or into the Company, or the sale of all or substantially all the assets of the Company (determined on a consolidated basis) to another Person other than a transaction following which (i) in the case of a merger or consolidation transaction, holders of securities that represented 100% of the Voting Stock of the Company immediately prior to such transaction (or other securities into which such securities are converted as part of such merger or consolidation transaction) own directly or indirectly at least a majority of the voting power of the Voting Stock of the surviving Person in such merger or consolidation transaction immediately after such transaction and (ii) in the case of a sale of assets


S-43


Table of Contents

transaction, each transferee becomes an obligor in respect of the Notes and a Subsidiary of the transferor of such assets.
 
Within 30 days following any Change of Control, unless the Company has previously or concurrently exercised its right to redeem all of the Notes as described under “—Optional redemption,” we will mail a notice to each Holder with a copy to the Trustee (the “Change of Control Offer”) stating:
 
1. that a Change of Control has occurred and that such Holder has the right to require us to purchase such Holder’s Notes at a purchase price in cash equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof on the date of purchase, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest on the relevant interest payment date (the “Change of Control Payment”)) ;
 
2. a description of the transaction or transactions giving rise to such Change of Control;
 
3. the purchase date (which shall be no earlier than 30 days nor later than 60 days from the date such notice is mailed); and
 
4. the instructions, as determined by us, consistent with the covenant described hereunder, that a Holder must follow in order to have its Notes purchased.
 
We will not be required to make a Change of Control Offer following a Change of Control if a third party makes the Change of Control Offer in the manner, at the times and otherwise in compliance with the requirements set forth in the Indenture applicable to a Change of Control Offer made by us and purchases all Notes validly tendered and not withdrawn under such Change of Control Offer.
 
A Change of Control Offer may be made in advance of a Change of Control, and conditioned upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, if a definitive agreement is in place for the Change of Control at the time the Change of Control Offer is made.
 
We will comply, to the extent applicable, with the requirements of Section 14(e) of the Exchange Act and any other securities laws or regulations in connection with the repurchase of Notes as a result of a Change of Control. To the extent that the provisions of any securities laws or regulations conflict with the provisions of the covenant described hereunder, we will comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and shall not be deemed to have breached our obligations under the covenant described hereunder by virtue of our compliance with such securities laws or regulations.
 
The Change of Control purchase feature of the Notes may in certain circumstances make more difficult or discourage a sale or takeover of the Company and, thus, the removal of incumbent management. The Change of Control purchase feature is a result of negotiations between the Company and the underwriters. We have no present intention to engage in a transaction involving a Change of Control, although it is possible that we could decide to do so in the future. Subject to the limitations discussed below, we could, in the future, enter into certain transactions, including acquisitions, refinancings or other recapitalizations, that would not constitute a Change of Control under the Indenture, but that could increase the amount of Indebtedness outstanding at such time or otherwise affect our capital structure or credit ratings. Restrictions on our ability to Incur additional Indebtedness are contained in the covenants described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on indebtedness”, “—Limitation on liens” and “—Limitation on sale/leaseback transactions”. Such restrictions can only be waived with the


S-44


Table of Contents

consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes then outstanding. Except for the limitations contained in such covenants, however, the Indenture will not contain any covenants or provisions that may afford holders of the Notes protection in the event of a highly leveraged transaction.
 
Our existing senior secured bank credit facility contains, and any future Indebtedness that we may incur may contain, prohibitions on the occurrence of certain events that would constitute a Change of Control or require the repurchase of such Indebtedness upon a Change of Control. Moreover, the exercise by the Holders of their right to require us to repurchase their Notes could cause a default under such Indebtedness, even if the Change of Control itself does not, due to the financial effect such repurchase would have on us. Finally, our ability to pay cash to the holders of Notes following the occurrence of a Change of Control may be limited by our then existing financial resources. There can be no assurance that sufficient funds will be available when necessary to make any required repurchases.
 
In the event a Change of Control occurs at a time when we are prohibited from purchasing Notes, we may seek the consent of our lenders to the purchase of Notes or may attempt to refinance the Indebtedness that contains such prohibition. If we do not obtain such a consent or repay such borrowings, we will remain prohibited from purchasing Notes. In such case, our failure to offer to purchase Notes would constitute a Default under the Indenture, which would, in turn, constitute a default under agreements with other lenders, including the Company’s existing Credit Agreement.
 
If Holders of not less than 90% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Notes validly tender and do not withdraw such Notes in a Change of Control Offer and the Company, or any third party making a Change of Control Offer in lieu of the Company as described above, purchases all of the Notes validly tendered and not withdrawn by such holders, the Company will have the right, upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days’ prior notice, given not more than 30 days following such purchase pursuant to the Change of Control Offer described above, to redeem all Notes that remain outstanding following such purchase at a redemption price in cash equal to the applicable Change of Control Payment plus, to the extent not included in the Change of Control Payment, accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of redemption (subject to the right of holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date).
 
The definition of “Change of Control” includes a disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company to any Person. Although there is a limited body of case law interpreting the phrase “all or substantially all”, there is no precise definition of the phrase under applicable law. Accordingly, in certain circumstances there may be a degree of uncertainty as to whether a particular transaction would involve a disposition of “all or substantially all” of the assets of the Company. As a result, it may be unclear as to whether a Change of Control has occurred and whether a holder of Notes may require the Company to make an offer to repurchase the Notes as described above.
 
In addition, you should note that recent case law suggests that, in the event that incumbent directors are replaced as a result of a contested election, issuers may nevertheless avoid triggering a change of control under a clause similar to clause (2) of the definition of “Change of Control” under the caption “—Change of control”, if the outgoing directors were to approve the new directors for the purpose of such change of control clause.


S-45


Table of Contents

The provisions under the Indenture relative to our obligation to make an offer to repurchase the Notes as a result of a Change of Control may be waived or modified with the written consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes.
 
Certain covenants
 
The Indenture contains covenants including, among others, the following:
 
Limitation on indebtedness
 
(a) The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, Incur, directly or indirectly, any Indebtedness; provided, however, that the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors will be entitled to Incur Indebtedness if, on the date of such Incurrence and after giving effect thereto on a pro forma basis the Consolidated Coverage Ratio exceeds 2.5 to 1.
 
(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing paragraph (a), the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries will be entitled to Incur any or all of the following Indebtedness:
 
1. Indebtedness Incurred by the Company and Subsidiary Guarantors pursuant to any Credit Agreement; provided, however, that, immediately after giving effect to any such Incurrence, the aggregate amount of all Indebtedness Incurred under this clause (1) and then outstanding does not exceed the greater of (A) $100.0 million less the sum of all principal payments after the Issue Date with respect to such Indebtedness pursuant to paragraph (a) (3) (A) of the covenant described under “—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock” and (B) 30% of ACNTA;
 
2. Indebtedness owed to and held by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that (A) any subsequent issuance or transfer of any Capital Stock which results in any such Restricted Subsidiary ceasing to be a Restricted Subsidiary or any subsequent transfer of such Indebtedness (other than to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary) shall be deemed, in each case, to constitute the Incurrence of such Indebtedness by the obligor thereon, (B) if the Company is the obligor on such Indebtedness and the holder of such Indebtedness is neither the Company nor a Subsidiary Guarantor, such Indebtedness is expressly subordinated in right of payment to all obligations with respect to the Notes, and (C) if a Subsidiary Guarantor is the obligor on such Indebtedness and the holder of such Indebtedness is neither the Company nor a Subsidiary Guarantor, such Indebtedness is expressly subordinated in right of payment to all obligations of such Subsidiary Guarantor with respect to its Subsidiary Guaranty; provided further, however, that nothing in the foregoing clauses (B) or (C) shall prohibit the repayment of such Indebtedness at maturity or otherwise in compliance with the terms of the Indenture;
 
3. the Notes (other than any Additional Notes);
 
4. Indebtedness outstanding on the Issue Date (other than Indebtedness described in clause (1), (2) or (3) of this covenant);
 
5. Indebtedness of a Restricted Subsidiary Incurred and outstanding on or prior to the date on which such Subsidiary was acquired by the Company (other than Indebtedness Incurred in connection with, or to provide all or any portion of the funds or credit support utilized to consummate, the transaction or series of related transactions pursuant to which such Subsidiary became a Subsidiary or was acquired by the Company); provided, however, that


S-46


Table of Contents

on the date of such acquisition and after giving pro forma effect thereto and any related financing transactions, either (A) the Company would have been entitled to Incur at least $1.00 of additional Indebtedness pursuant to paragraph (a) of this covenant or (B) the Consolidated Coverage Ratio is equal to or greater than the Consolidated Coverage Ratio immediately before such transaction;
 
6. Refinancing Indebtedness in respect of Indebtedness Incurred pursuant to paragraph (a) or pursuant to clause (3), (4) or (5) or this clause (6); provided, however, that to the extent such Refinancing Indebtedness directly or indirectly Refinances Indebtedness of a Subsidiary Incurred pursuant to clause (5), such Refinancing Indebtedness shall be Incurred only by such Subsidiary, by the Company or by the Company and such Subsidiary;
 
7. Hedging Obligations consisting of Interest Rate Agreements directly related to Indebtedness permitted to be Incurred by the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries pursuant to the Indenture;
 
8. Hedging Obligations consisting of Oil and Gas Hedging Contracts and Currency Agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business for the purpose of limiting risks that arise in the ordinary course of business of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries;
 
9. obligations in respect of completion, performance, bid and surety bonds and completion guarantees, insurance obligations or bonds and other similar bonds and obligations provided by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in the ordinary course of business or letters of credit providing support for any such bonds, guarantees or obligations;
 
10. Capital Lease Obligations and other purchase money Indebtedness in an aggregate principal amount at any time outstanding of not to exceed the greater of (A) $10 million and (B) 2.5% of ACNTA;
 
11. Non-Recourse Purchase Money Indebtedness;
 
12. Indebtedness arising from the honoring by a bank or other financial institution of a check, draft or similar instrument drawn against insufficient funds in the ordinary course of business; provided, however, that such Indebtedness is extinguished promptly following its Incurrence;
 
13. Indebtedness consisting of the Subsidiary Guaranty of a Subsidiary Guarantor and any Guarantee by the Company or a Subsidiary Guarantor of Indebtedness Incurred pursuant to clause (3), (4), (7), (8), (9) or (10) or pursuant to clause (6) to the extent the Refinancing Indebtedness Incurred thereunder directly or indirectly Refinances Indebtedness Incurred pursuant to paragraph (a) or pursuant to clause (3) or (4);
 
14. in-kind obligations relating to oil and gas balancing obligations arising in the ordinary course of business; and
 
15. Indebtedness of the Company or of any of its Subsidiary Guarantors in an aggregate principal amount which, when taken together with all other Indebtedness of the Company and its Subsidiary Guarantors outstanding on the date of such Incurrence (other than Indebtedness permitted by clauses (1) through (14) above or paragraph (a)) does not exceed the greater of (A) $20.0 million and (B) 5.0% of ACNTA.
 
(c) Notwithstanding the foregoing paragraph (b), neither the Company nor any Subsidiary Guarantor will Incur any Indebtedness pursuant to the foregoing paragraph (b) if the proceeds


S-47


Table of Contents

thereof are used, directly or indirectly, to Refinance any Subordinated Obligations of the Company or any Subsidiary Guarantor unless such Indebtedness shall be subordinated to the Notes or the applicable Subsidiary Guaranty to at least the same extent as such Subordinated Obligations.
 
(d) For purposes of determining compliance with this covenant:
 
1. in the event an item of Indebtedness meets the criteria of more than one of the types of Indebtedness described in the paragraphs (a) or (b) of this covenant, the Company, in its sole discretion, will be permitted to divide and classify such item of Indebtedness on the date of Incurrence and, subject to clause (2) below may later classify, reclassify or redivide all or a portion of such item of Indebtedness, in any manner that complies with this covenant; and
 
2. any Indebtedness remaining outstanding under the Credit Agreement after the application of the net proceeds from the sale of the Notes on the Issue Date will be treated as Incurred on the Issue Date under clause (1) of paragraph (b) above.
 
Limitation on restricted payments
 
(a) The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, to make a Restricted Payment if at the time the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary makes such Restricted Payment:
 
1. a Default shall have occurred and be continuing (or would result therefrom);
 
2. the Company is not entitled to Incur an additional $1.00 of Indebtedness pursuant to paragraph (a) of the covenant described under “—Limitation on indebtedness”; or
 
3. the aggregate amount of such Restricted Payment and all other Restricted Payments since the Issue Date would exceed the sum of (without duplication):
 
(A) 50% of the Consolidated Net Income accrued during the period (treated as one accounting period) from July 1, 2010 to the end of the most recent fiscal quarter for which internal financial statements of the Company are available at the time of determination (or, in case such Consolidated Net Income shall be a deficit, minus 100% of such deficit); plus
 
(B) 100% of the aggregate Net Cash Proceeds and 100% of the Fair Market Value of securities or other property other than cash (including Capital Stock of Persons engaged in the Oil and Gas Business that become Restricted Subsidiaries or assets used in the Oil and Gas Business) received by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary subsequent to the Issue Date from the issue or sale of Capital Stock of the Company (other than Disqualified Stock), other than Capital Stock sold to a Subsidiary of the Company and other than an issuance or sale to an Employee Stock Purchase Plan; plus
 
(C) 100% of the aggregate Net Cash Proceeds received by the Company subsequent to the Issue Date from the issue or sale of any Capital Stock of the Company (other than Disqualified Stock) to an Employee Stock Purchase Plan; provided, however, that if an Employee Stock Purchase Plan Incurs any Indebtedness to finance the purchase of such Capital Stock, such aggregate amount will be limited to the excess of such Net Cash Proceeds over the amount of such Indebtedness plus an amount equal to any increase in the Consolidated Net Worth of the Company resulting from principal repayments made


S-48


Table of Contents

by an Employee Stock Purchase Plan with respect to such Indebtedness after the Issue Date; plus
 
(D) the amount by which Indebtedness is reduced on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet upon the conversion or exchange (other than by a Subsidiary of the Company) subsequent to the Issue Date of any Indebtedness convertible or exchangeable for Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company (plus the amount of any accrued interest then outstanding on such Indebtedness to the extent the obligation to pay such interest is extinguished less the amount of any cash, or the Fair Market Value of any property, distributed by the Company upon such conversion or exchange); provided, however, that the foregoing amount shall not exceed the Net Cash Proceeds received by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary from the sale of such Indebtedness (excluding Net Cash Proceeds from sales to a Subsidiary of the Company or to an Employee Stock Purchase Plan); plus
 
(E) an amount equal to the sum of (i) the net reduction in the Investments (other than Permitted Investments) made by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in any Person resulting from repurchases, repayments or redemptions of such Investments by such Person, proceeds realized on the sale of such Investment and proceeds representing the return of capital (excluding dividends and distributions), in each case received by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary, and (ii) to the extent such Person is an Unrestricted Subsidiary, the portion (proportionate to the Company’s equity interest in such Subsidiary) of the Fair Market Value of the net assets of such Unrestricted Subsidiary at the time such Unrestricted Subsidiary is designated a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that to the extent the foregoing sum exceeds, in the case of any such Person or Unrestricted Subsidiary, the amount of Investments (excluding Permitted Investments) previously made (and treated as a Restricted Payment) by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in such Person or Unrestricted Subsidiary, such excess shall not be included in this clause (E) unless the amount represented by such excess has not been and will not be taken into account in one of the foregoing clauses (A)-(D).
 
(b) The preceding provisions will not prohibit:
 
1. the making of any Restricted Payment (including a dividend) within 60 days after the date the Company or Restricted Subsidiary became legally or contractually obligated to make such Restricted Payment (including the declaration of a dividend), if at the date of becoming so legally or contractually bound, such Restricted Payment would have complied with the provisions of the Indenture (and such Restricted Payment shall be deemed to be made on the date of becoming so legally or contractually bound for purposes of any calculation required by this covenant); provided, however, that such Restricted Payments shall be included (without duplication) in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments unless otherwise excluded pursuant to clause (2) through (8) below;
 
2. the making of any Restricted Payment in exchange for, or out of the Net Cash Proceeds of the substantially concurrent sale (other than to a Subsidiary of the Company) of, Capital Stock of the Company (other than Disqualified Stock); provided, however, that the amount of any such Net Cash Proceeds that are utilized for any such Restricted Payment shall be excluded (A) from clauses (3) (B) and (C) of paragraph (a) above and (B) in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;


S-49


Table of Contents

3. the defeasance, redemption, repurchase, retirement or other acquisition of any Subordinated Obligations of the Company or of any Subsidiary Guarantor with the Net Cash Proceeds from an Incurrence of any Subordinated Obligations permitted to be Incurred under the caption “—Limitation on indebtedness;” provided, however, that such defeasance, redemption, repurchase, retirement or other acquisition shall be excluded in the calculation of Restricted Payments;
 
4. so long as no Default has occurred and is continuing, the repurchase, redemption or other acquisition or retirement for value of any Capital Stock of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company held by any employees, former employees, directors or former directors of Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (or heirs, estates or other permitted transferees of such employees or directors) pursuant to any agreements (including employment agreements), management equity subscription agreement or stock option agreements or plans (or amendments thereto), approved by the Board of Directors, under which such individuals purchase or sell or are granted the right to purchase or sell shares of Capital Stock; provided, that the aggregate price paid for all such repurchased, redeemed, acquired or retired Capital Stock shall not exceed $2.0 million in any calendar year (with any unused amounts in any calendar year being carried over to succeeding calendar years); provided further, that such amount in any calendar year may be increased by an amount not to exceed (A) the cash proceeds received by the Company from the sale of Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company to members of management or directors of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries that occurs after the Issue Date (to the extent the cash proceeds from the sale of such Capital Stock have not otherwise been applied to the payment of Restricted Payments by virtue of clause (3) of paragraph (a) above), plus (B) the cash proceeds of key man life insurance policies received by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries after the Issue Date, less (C) the amount of any Restricted Payments made after the Issue Date pursuant to clauses (A) and (B) of this clause (4); provided further, however, that such repurchase, redemption or other acquisition or retirement for value shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;
 
5. repurchases or other acquisitions for value of Capital Stock deemed to occur upon the exercise or exchange of stock options, warrants or other convertible securities or upon the vesting of restricted Capital Stock if such Capital Stock represents a portion of the exercise or exchange price thereof or made in lieu of withholding taxes in connection with any such exercise, exchange or vesting; provided, however, that such repurchases or other acquisitions for value shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;
 
6. so long as no Default has occurred and is continuing, upon the occurrence of a Change of Control or an Asset Disposition and within 60 days after the completion of the offer to repurchase the Notes under the covenants described under “—Change of control” or “—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock” above (including the purchase of all Notes tendered), any purchase, repurchase, redemption, defeasance, acquisition or other retirement for value of Subordinated Obligations required under the terms thereof as a result of such Change of Control or Asset Disposition at a purchase or redemption price not to exceed 101% of the outstanding principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, if any; provided, however, that such purchase, repurchase, redemption, defeasance, acquisition or other retirement for value shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;


S-50


Table of Contents

7. so long as no Default has occurred and is continuing, the purchase by the Company of fractional shares arising out of stock dividends, splits or business combinations; provided, however, that such purchases shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;
 
8. the declaration and payments of dividends on Disqualified Stock issued pursuant to the covenant described under “—Limitation on indebtedness”; provided, however, that at the time of declaration of such dividend, no Default shall have occurred and be continuing (or result therefrom); provided further, however, that such dividends shall be excluded in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments;
 
9. so long as no Default has occurred and is continuing, the declaration and payment of regularly scheduled dividends paid in cash on the Convertible Preferred Stock in accordance with the certificate of designations as in effect on the Issue Date in an amount not to exceed $5,140,000 in any calendar year; provided, however, that the amount of such dividends shall be included in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments; or
 
10. Restricted Payments in an amount not to exceed $10.0 million in the aggregate at any time outstanding; provided, however, that the amount of such Restricted Payments shall be included in the calculation of the amount of Restricted Payments.
 
The amount of all Restricted Payments (other than cash) shall be the Fair Market Value on the date the Restricted Payment of the asset(s) or securities proposed to be transferred or issued by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, pursuant to the Restricted Payment is made or deemed made.
 
For purposes of determining compliance with this covenant, if a Restricted Payment meets the criteria of more than one of the types of Restricted Payments described in clauses (1)- (10) above, the Company, in its sole discretion, may divide, order and classify such Restricted Payment in any manner in compliance with this covenant and may later redivide, reorder and reclassify such Restricted Payment in any manner that then complies with this covenant.
 
In computing Consolidated Net Income under clause (a) (3) (A) above, (1) the Company shall use audited financial statements for the portions of the relevant period for which audited financial statements are available on the date of determination and unaudited financial statements and other current financial data based on the books and records of the Company for the remaining portion of such period and (2) the Company shall be permitted to rely in good faith on the financial statements and other financial data derived from the books and records of the Company that are available on the date of determination.
 
Limitation on restrictions on distributions from restricted subsidiaries
 
The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, create or otherwise cause or permit to exist or become effective any consensual encumbrance or restriction on the ability of any Restricted Subsidiary to (a) pay dividends or make any other distributions on its Capital Stock to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary or pay any Indebtedness owed to the Company (it being understood that the priority of any Preferred Stock in receiving dividends or liquidating distributions prior to dividends or liquidating distributions being paid on Capital Stock shall not be deemed a restriction on the ability to make distributions on Capital Stock), (b) make any loans or advances to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary (it being understood that the subordination of loans or advances made to the Company or any Restricted


S-51


Table of Contents

Subsidiary to other Indebtedness Incurred by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary shall not be deemed a restriction on the ability to make loans or advances) or (c) transfer any of its property or assets to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary, except:
 
1. with respect to clauses (a), (b) and (c),
 
(A) any encumbrance or restriction pursuant to an agreement (including the Credit Agreement) in effect at or entered into on the Issue Date;
 
(B) any encumbrance or restriction with respect to a Restricted Subsidiary pursuant to an agreement relating to any Indebtedness Incurred by such Restricted Subsidiary on or prior to the date on which such Restricted Subsidiary was acquired by the Company (other than Indebtedness Incurred as consideration in, or to provide all or any portion of the funds or credit support utilized to consummate, the transaction or series of related transactions pursuant to which such Restricted Subsidiary became a Restricted Subsidiary or was acquired by the Company) and outstanding on such date;
 
(C) any encumbrance or restriction pursuant to an agreement effecting a Refinancing of Indebtedness Incurred pursuant to an agreement referred to in clause (A), (B) or (I) of clause (1) of this covenant or this clause (C) or contained in any amendment to an agreement referred to in clause (A), (B) or (I) of clause (1) of this covenant or this clause (C); provided, however, that the encumbrances and restrictions with respect to such Restricted Subsidiary contained in any such refinancing agreement or amendment are not materially less favorable, taken as a whole, to the Noteholders than encumbrances and restrictions with respect to such Restricted Subsidiary contained in such predecessor agreements;
 
(D) any encumbrance or restriction with respect to a Restricted Subsidiary imposed pursuant to an agreement entered into for the sale or disposition of Capital Stock or assets of such Restricted Subsidiary pending the closing of such sale or disposition;
 
(E) any encumbrance or restriction on the disposition or distribution of assets or property, including cash or other deposits, under agreements entered into in the ordinary course of the Oil and Gas Business of the types described in clause (2) of the definition of Permitted Business Investments;
 
(F) encumbrances and restrictions contained in contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business, not relating to any Indebtedness, and that do not, individually or in the aggregate, detract from the value of, or from the ability of the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries to realize the value of, property or assets of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in any manner material to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary;
 
(G) customary provisions in joint venture agreements and other similar agreements (in each case relating solely to the respective joint venture or similar entity or the equity interests therein) entered in the ordinary course of business;
 
(H) restrictions on cash, cash equivalents, Temporary Cash Investments or other deposits or net worth imposed under contracts entered into the ordinary course of business, including such restrictions imposed by customers or insurance, surety or bonding companies; and


S-52


Table of Contents

(I) encumbrances or restrictions contained in agreements governing Indebtedness of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary permitted to be Incurred pursuant to an agreement entered into subsequent to the Issue Date in accordance with the covenant described under the caption “—Limitation on indebtedness”; provided that the provisions relating to such encumbrance or restriction contained in such Indebtedness are not materially less favorable to the Company taken as a whole, as determined by the Board of Directors of the Company in good faith, than the provisions contained in the Credit Agreement or in the Indenture as in effect on the Issue Date.
 
2. with respect to clause (c) only,
 
(A) any encumbrance or restriction consisting of customary subletting, nonassignment or transfer provisions in leases, licenses, similar agreements, operating agreements or other agreements customary in the Oil and Gas Business to the extent such provisions restrict the transfer of the lease, license or similar agreement or the property subject thereto;
 
(B) any encumbrance or restriction contained in security agreements or mortgages securing Indebtedness to the extent such encumbrance or restriction restricts the transfer of the property subject to such security agreements or mortgages; and
 
(C) pursuant to customary provisions restricting dispositions of real property interests set forth in any reciprocal easement agreements of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary.
 
(D) provisions with respect to the disposition or distribution of assets or property in operating agreements, joint venture agreements, development agreements, area of mutual interest agreements and other agreements that are customary in the Oil and Gas Business and entered into in the ordinary course of business.
 
Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock
 
(a) The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, consummate any Asset Disposition unless:
 
1. the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary receives consideration at the time of such Asset Disposition at least equal to the Fair Market Value of the shares and assets subject to such Asset Disposition;
 
2. at least 75% of the consideration thereof received by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary is in the form of cash or cash equivalents; and
 
3. an amount equal to 100% of the Net Available Cash from such Asset Disposition is applied by the Company (or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be)
 
(A) first, to the extent the Company elects (or is required by the terms of any Indebtedness), to prepay, repay, redeem or purchase Senior Indebtedness of the Company or of a Subsidiary Guarantor or any Indebtedness (other than any Disqualified Stock) of any Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Subsidiary Guarantor (in each case other than Indebtedness owed to the Company or an Affiliate of the Company) within one year from the later of the date of such Asset Disposition or the receipt of such Net Available Cash;
 
(B) second, to the extent of the balance of such Net Available Cash after application in accordance with clause (A), to the extent the Company elects, to acquire Additional


S-53


Table of Contents

Assets or to make capital expenditures in the Oil and Gas Business within one year from the later of the date of such Asset Disposition or the receipt of such Net Available Cash; and
 
(C) third, to the extent of the balance of such Net Available Cash after application in accordance with clauses (A) and (B), to make an offer to the holders of the Notes (and to holders of other Senior Indebtedness of the Company or of a Subsidiary Guarantor designated by the Company) to purchase Notes (and such other Senior Indebtedness of the Company or of a Subsidiary Guarantor) pursuant to and subject to the conditions contained in the Indenture; provided, however, that in connection with any prepayment, repayment or purchase of Indebtedness pursuant to clause (A) above or this clause (C), the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary shall permanently retire such Indebtedness and shall cause the related loan commitment (if any) to be permanently reduced in an amount equal to the principal amount so prepaid, repaid or purchased.
 
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this covenant, the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries will not be required to apply any Net Available Cash in accordance with this covenant except to the extent that the aggregate Net Available Cash from all Asset Dispositions which is not applied in accordance with this covenant exceeds $10.0 million. Pending application of Net Available Cash pursuant to this covenant, the Company and the Restricted Subsidiaries may temporarily reduce Indebtedness or otherwise invest such Net Available Cash in any manner not prohibited by the Indenture.
 
For the purposes of this covenant, the following are deemed to be cash or cash equivalents:
 
1. the assumption or discharge of Senior Indebtedness of the Company or of a Subsidiary Guarantor (other than obligations in respect of Disqualified Stock of the Company) or any Indebtedness of any Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Subsidiary Guarantor (other than obligations in respect of Disqualified Stock of such Restricted Subsidiary) and the release of the Company, Subsidiary Guarantor or such Restricted Subsidiary from all liability on such Indebtedness in connection with such Asset Disposition; and
 
2. securities received by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary from the transferee that are promptly converted by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary into cash, to the extent of cash received in that conversion.
 
(b) In the event of an Asset Disposition that requires the purchase of Notes (and other Senior Indebtedness of the Company or of a Subsidiary Guarantor) pursuant to clause (a) (3) (C) above, the Company will purchase Notes tendered pursuant to an offer by the Company for the Notes (and such other Senior Indebtedness) at a purchase price of 100% of their principal amount (or, in the event such other Senior Indebtedness was issued with significant original issue discount, 100% of the accreted value thereof) without premium, plus accrued but unpaid interest (or, in respect of such other Senior Indebtedness, such lesser price, if any, as may be provided for by the terms of such Senior Indebtedness) in accordance with the procedures (including prorating in the event of oversubscription) set forth in the Indenture. If the aggregate purchase price of the securities tendered exceeds the Net Available Cash allotted to their purchase, the Company will select the securities to be purchased on a pro rata basis but in round denominations, which in the case of the Notes will be denominations of $1,000 principal amount or multiples thereof. The Company shall not be required to make such an offer to purchase Notes pursuant to this covenant if the Net Available Cash available therefor (and for the purchase of such other Senior Indebtedness) is less than $10.0 million (which lesser amount shall be carried forward for


S-54


Table of Contents

purposes of determining whether such an offer is required with respect to the Net Available Cash from any subsequent Asset Disposition). Upon completion of such an offer to purchase, Net Available Cash will be deemed to be reduced by the aggregate amount of such offer.
 
(c) The requirement of clause (3)(B) of paragraph (a) of this covenant shall be deemed to be satisfied if an agreement (including a lease, whether a capital lease or an operating lease) committing to make the acquisitions or expenditures referred to therein is entered into by the Company or its Restricted Subsidiary within the specified time period and such Net Available Cash is subsequently applied in accordance with such agreement within six months following such agreement.
 
(d) The Company will comply, to the extent applicable, with the requirements of Section 14(e) of the Exchange Act and any other securities laws or regulations in connection with the repurchase of Notes pursuant to this covenant. To the extent that the provisions of any securities laws or regulations conflict with provisions of this covenant, the Company will comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and will not be deemed to have breached its obligations under this covenant by virtue of its compliance with such securities laws or regulations.
 
Limitation on affiliate transactions
 
(a) The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, enter into or permit to exist any transaction (including the purchase, sale, lease or exchange of any property, employee compensation arrangements or the rendering of any service) with, or for the benefit of, any Affiliate of the Company (an “Affiliate Transaction”) unless:
 
1. the terms of the Affiliate Transaction are not materially less favorable to the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary than those that could reasonably be expected to be obtained at the time of the Affiliate Transaction in arm’s-length dealings with a Person who is not an Affiliate;
 
2. if such Affiliate Transaction involves an amount in excess of $10.0 million, the terms of the Affiliate Transaction are set forth in writing and a majority of the directors of the Company disinterested with respect to such Affiliate Transaction have determined in good faith that the criteria set forth in clause (1) are satisfied and have approved the relevant Affiliate Transaction as evidenced by a resolution of the Board of Directors; and
 
3. if such Affiliate Transaction involves an amount in excess of $20.0 million, the Board of Directors shall also have received a written opinion from an Independent Qualified Party to the effect that such Affiliate Transaction is fair, from a financial standpoint, to the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries or is not materially less favorable to the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries than could reasonably be expected to be obtained at the time in an arm’s-length transaction with a Person who was not an Affiliate.
 
(b) The provisions of the preceding paragraph (a) will not prohibit:
 
1. any Investment (other than a Permitted Investment) or other Restricted Payment, in each case permitted to be made pursuant to paragraph (a) of the covenant described under “—Limitation on restricted payments”;
 
2. any employment agreement or other employee compensation plan or arrangement in existence on the Issue Date or entered into thereafter in the ordinary course of business


S-55


Table of Contents

including any issuance of securities, or other payments, awards or grants in cash, securities or otherwise pursuant to, or the funding of, employment arrangements, stock options and stock ownership plans approved by the Board of Directors;
 
3. loans or advances to employees in the ordinary course of business in accordance with the past practices of the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries, but in any event not to exceed $1.0 million in the aggregate outstanding at any one time;
 
4. advances to or reimbursements of employees for moving, entertainment and travel expenses, drawing accounts and similar expenditures, in each case in the ordinary course of business of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries;
 
5. the payment of reasonable compensation and fees to directors of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries who are not employees of the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries;
 
6. any transaction with the Company, a Restricted Subsidiary or joint venture or similar entity (excluding an Unrestricted Subsidiary) which would not constitute an Affiliate Transaction but for the Company’s or a Restricted Subsidiary’s ownership of an equity interest in or control of such Restricted Subsidiary, joint venture or similar entity;
 
7. indemnities of officers, directors and employees of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary consistent with applicable charter, by-law or statutory provisions;
 
8. the issuance or sale of any Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company or the receipt by the Company of a cash capital contribution from its stockholders;
 
9. any transaction with an Unrestricted Subsidiary to the extent such transaction is in the ordinary course of business of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries and of such Unrestricted Subsidiary;
 
10. transactions with customers, clients, suppliers, or purchasers or sellers of goods or services, in each case in the ordinary course of business and otherwise in compliance with the terms of the Indenture, provided that in the reasonable determination of the Board of Directors of the Company or the senior management of the Company, such transactions are on terms not materially less favorable to the Company or the relevant Restricted Subsidiary than those that could reasonably be expected to be obtained in a comparable transaction at such time on an arm’s-length basis from a Person that is not an Affiliate of the Company;
 
11. transactions between the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary and any Person, a director of which is also a director of the Company or any director or indirect parent company of the Company, and such director is the sole cause for such Person to be deemed an Affiliate of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that such director shall abstain from voting as a director of the Company or such direct or indirect parent company, as the case may be, on any matter involving such other Person; and
 
12. any transaction with Affiliates pursuant to arrangements in existence on the Issue Date pursuant to which those Affiliates own, or are entitled to acquire, working, overriding royalty or other similar interests in particular properties operated by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary or in which any of the Company or one or more Restricted Subsidiaries also own an interest.


S-56


Table of Contents

Limitation on liens
 
The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, Incur or permit to exist any Lien (the “Initial Lien”) of any nature whatsoever on any of its properties (including Capital Stock of a Restricted Subsidiary), whether owned at the Issue Date or thereafter acquired, securing any Indebtedness, other than Permitted Liens, without effectively providing that the Notes shall be secured equally and ratably with (or prior to) the obligations so secured for so long as such obligations are so secured.
 
Any Lien created for the benefit of the Holders of the Notes pursuant to the preceding sentence shall provide by its terms that such Lien shall be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged upon the release and discharge of the Initial Lien.
 
Limitation on sale/leaseback transactions
 
The Company will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, enter into any Sale/Leaseback Transaction with respect to any property unless:
 
1. the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary would be entitled to (A) Incur Indebtedness in an amount equal to the Attributable Debt with respect to such Sale/Leaseback Transaction pursuant to the covenant described under “—Limitation on indebtedness” and (B) create a Lien on such property securing such Attributable Debt without equally and ratably securing the Notes pursuant to the covenant described under “—Limitation on liens”;
 
2. the net proceeds received by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in connection with such Sale/Leaseback Transaction are at least equal to the Fair Market Value of such property; and
 
3. the Company applies the proceeds of such transaction in compliance with the covenant described under “—Limitation on sale of assets and subsidiary stock”.
 
Merger and consolidation
 
(a) The Company will not consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease, in one transaction or a series of transactions, directly or indirectly, all or substantially all its assets to, any Person, unless:
 
1. the resulting, surviving or transferee Person (the “Successor Company”) shall be a Person organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia and the Successor Company (if not the Company) shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental thereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, all the obligations of the Company under the Notes and the Indenture;
 
2. immediately after giving pro forma effect to such transaction (and treating any Indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Successor Company or any Subsidiary as a result of such transaction as having been Incurred by such Successor Company or such Subsidiary at the time of such transaction), no Default shall have occurred and be continuing;
 
3. immediately after giving pro forma effect to such transaction and any related financing transactions, either (A) the Successor Company would be able to Incur an additional $1.00 of Indebtedness pursuant to paragraph (a) of the covenant described under “—Limitation on


S-57


Table of Contents

indebtedness” or (B) the Consolidated Coverage Ratio of the Successor Company is equal to or greater than the Consolidated Coverage Ratio of the Company immediately before such transaction; and
 
4. the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger or transfer and such supplemental indenture (if any) comply with the Indenture;
 
provided, however, that clause (3) will not be applicable to (A) a Restricted Subsidiary consolidating with, merging into or transferring all or part of its properties and assets to the Company, (B) the Company merging with an Affiliate of the Company solely for the purpose and with the sole effect of reincorporating the Company in another jurisdiction in the United States or (C) as long as PetroQuest L.L.C. is at the time a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company, the consolidation or merger of the Company with or into PetroQuest L.L.C. or the transfer of all or part of the properties of the Company to PetroQuest L.L.C. so long as (if the Successor Company is not itself, following the consummation of such transaction, a corporation) a corporation that is a Subsidiary of PetroQuest L.L.C. shall become a co-obligor of the Notes and shall have confirmed, by an indenture supplemental thereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, all the obligations of the Company under the Notes and the Indenture.
 
For purposes of this covenant, the sale, lease, conveyance, assignment, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of one or more Subsidiaries of the Company, which properties and assets, if held by the Company instead of such Subsidiaries, would constitute all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company on a consolidated basis, shall be deemed to be the transfer of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company.
 
The Successor Company will be the successor to the Company and shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under the Indenture, and the predecessor Company, except in the case of a lease, shall be released from the obligation to pay the principal of and interest on the Notes.
 
Although there is a limited body of case law interpreting the phrase “all or substantially all,” there is no precise definition of the phrase under applicable law. Accordingly, in certain circumstances there may be a degree of uncertainty as to whether a particular transaction would involve “all or substantially all” of the assets of a Person.
 
(b) The Company will not permit any Subsidiary Guarantor to consolidate with or merge with or into, or convey, transfer or lease, in one transaction or a series of transactions, all or substantially all of its assets to any Person unless:
 
1. the resulting, surviving or transferee Person (if not such Subsidiary) shall be a Person organized and existing under the laws of the jurisdiction under which such Subsidiary was organized or under the laws of the United States of America, or any State thereof or the District of Columbia, and such Person (if not such Subsidiary Guarantor) shall expressly assume, by a Guaranty Agreement, all the obligations of such Subsidiary under its Subsidiary Guaranty; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not apply in the case of a Subsidiary Guarantor (x) that has been, or will be as a result of the subject transaction, disposed of in its entirety to another Person (other than to the Company or an Affiliate of the Company), whether through a merger, consolidation or sale of Capital Stock or assets or (y) that, as a result of the disposition of all or a portion of its Capital Stock, ceases to be a Subsidiary, in


S-58


Table of Contents

both cases, if in connection therewith the Company provides an Officers’ Certificate to the Trustee to the effect that the Company will comply with its obligations under the covenant described under “—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock” in respect of such disposition;
 
2. immediately after giving effect to such transaction or transactions, on a pro forma basis (and treating any Indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the resulting, surviving or transferee Person as a result of such transaction as having been issued by such Person at the time of such transaction), no Default shall have occurred and be continuing; and
 
3. the Company delivers to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger or transfer and such Guaranty Agreement complies with the Indenture.
 
Future guarantors
 
The Indenture will provide that the Company will cause each domestic Restricted Subsidiary that is not already a Subsidiary Guarantor that (A) guarantees any Indebtedness of the Company or a Subsidiary Guarantor or (B) is a Wholly Owned Subsidiary and otherwise Incurs any Indebtedness for borrowed money (other than Indebtedness owed to the Company or a Subsidiary Guarantor) in an aggregate principal amount that exceeds $2.0 million, to at the same time, execute and deliver to the Trustee a Guaranty Agreement pursuant to which such Restricted Subsidiary will Guarantee payment of the Notes on the same terms and conditions as those set forth in the Indenture.
 
SEC reports
 
Whether the Company is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Exchange Act, the Company will file with the SEC (subject to the next sentence) and provide the Trustee and Noteholders with such annual and other reports as are specified in Sections 13 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act and applicable to a U.S. Person subject to such Sections, such reports to be so filed and provided at the times specified for the filings of such reports with respect to an accelerated filer under such Sections and containing all the information, audit reports and exhibits required for such reports. If at any time, the Company is not subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act for any reason, the Company will nevertheless continue filing the reports specified in the preceding sentence with the SEC within the time periods required with respect to a non-accelerated filer unless the SEC will not accept such a filing. The Company agrees that it will not take any action for the purpose of causing the SEC not to accept any such filings. If, notwithstanding the foregoing, the SEC will not accept such filings for any reason, the Company will post the reports specified in the preceding sentence on the Company’s website within the time periods with respect to a non-accelerated filer that would apply if the Company was required to file those reports with the SEC. At any time that any of the Company’s Subsidiaries are Unrestricted Subsidiaries, then, unless the operations, assets, liabilities and cash flows of the Unrestricted Subsidiaries are, in aggregate, immaterial, the quarterly and annual financial information required by the preceding paragraph will include a reasonably detailed presentation, either on the face of the financial statements or in the footnotes thereto, and in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, of the financial condition and results of operations of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries separate from the financial condition and results of operations of the Unrestricted Subsidiaries of the Company.


S-59


Table of Contents

The availability of the foregoing materials on the SEC website or the Company’s website shall be deemed to satisfy the foregoing delivery obligation.
 
Defaults
 
Each of the following is an Event of Default:
 
1. a default in the payment of interest on the Notes when due, continued for 30 days;
 
2. a default in the payment of principal of any Note when due at its Stated Maturity, upon optional redemption, upon required purchase, upon declaration of acceleration or otherwise;
 
3. the failure by the Company to comply with its obligations under “—Certain Covenants—Merger and consolidation” above;
 
4. the failure by the Company to comply for 30 days after notice with any of its obligations in the covenants described above under “—Change of control” (other than a failure to purchase Notes) or under “—Certain covenants” under “—Limitation on indebtedness”, “—Limitation on restricted payments”, “—Limitation on restrictions on distributions from restricted subsidiaries”, “—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock” (other than a failure to purchase Notes), “—Limitation on affiliate transactions”, “—Limitation on liens”, “—Limitation on sale/leaseback transactions” or “—Future guarantors”;
 
5. the failure by the Company or any Subsidiary Guarantor to comply for 60 days (or 120 days in the case of its obligations in the covenant described above under “—Certain covenants—SEC reports”) after notice with its other agreements contained in the Indenture;
 
6. Indebtedness of the Company, any Subsidiary Guarantor or any Significant Subsidiary is not paid within any applicable grace period after final maturity or is accelerated by the holders thereof because of a default and the total amount of such Indebtedness unpaid or accelerated exceeds $10.0 million (the “cross acceleration provision”);
 
7. certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of the Company, a Subsidiary Guarantor or any Significant Subsidiary (the “bankruptcy default provisions”);
 
8. any judgment or decree for the payment of money in excess of $10.0 million is entered against the Company, a Subsidiary Guarantor or any Significant Subsidiary, remains outstanding for a period of 60 consecutive days following such judgment and is not discharged, waived or stayed (the “judgment default provision”); or
 
9. a Subsidiary Guaranty ceases to be in full force and effect (other than in accordance with the terms of such Subsidiary Guaranty) or a Subsidiary Guarantor denies or disaffirms its obligations under its Subsidiary Guaranty (other than in accordance with the terms of such Subsidiary Guaranty).
 
However, a default under clauses (4) and (5) will not constitute an Event of Default until the Trustee or the holders of 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Notes notify the Company of the default and the Company does not cure such default within the time specified after receipt of such notice.
 
If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Notes may declare the principal of and accrued but unpaid


S-60


Table of Contents

interest on all the Notes to be due and payable. Upon such a declaration, such principal and interest shall be due and payable immediately. If an Event of Default under the bankruptcy default provisions occurs and is continuing, the principal of and interest on all the Notes will ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any holders of the Notes. Under certain circumstances, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes may rescind any such acceleration with respect to the Notes and its consequences.
 
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if an Event of Default under the cross acceleration provision has occurred and is continuing, such Event of Default and any consequential acceleration (to the extent not in violation of any applicable law or in conflict with any judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction) shall be automatically rescinded if (i) the Indebtedness that is the subject of such Event of Default under the cross acceleration provision has been repaid or (ii) if the default relating to such Indebtedness is waived by the holders of such Indebtedness or cured, and if such Indebtedness has been accelerated, then the holders thereof have rescinded their declaration of acceleration with respect thereto, and (iii) any other existing Events of Default, except nonpayment of principal, premium or interest on the Notes that became due solely because of the acceleration of the Notes, have been cured and waived.
 
Subject to the provisions of the Indenture relating to the duties of the Trustee, in case an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers under the Indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the Notes unless such holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity or security against any loss, liability or expense. Except to enforce the right to receive payment of principal, premium (if any) or interest when due, no holder of a Note may pursue any remedy with respect to the Indenture or the Notes unless:
 
1. such holder has previously given the Trustee notice that an Event of Default is continuing;
 
2. holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Notes have requested the Trustee to pursue the remedy;
 
3. such holders have offered the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against any loss, liability or expense;
 
4. the Trustee has not complied with such request within 60 days after the receipt thereof and the offer of security or indemnity; and
 
5. holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes have not given the Trustee a direction inconsistent with such request within such 60-day period.
 
Subject to certain restrictions, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes are given the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or of exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee. The Trustee, however, may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or the Indenture or that the Trustee determines is unduly prejudicial to the rights of any other holder of a Note or that would involve the Trustee in personal liability.
 
If a Default occurs, is continuing and is known to the Trustee, the Trustee must mail to each holder of the Notes notice of the Default within 90 days after it occurs. Notwithstanding the immediately preceding sentence, except in the case of a Default involving the payment of


S-61


Table of Contents

principal of or interest on any Note, the Trustee may withhold notice if and so long as a committee of its Trust Officers in good faith determines that withholding notice is not opposed to the interest of the holders of the Notes. In addition, we are required to deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, a certificate indicating whether the signers thereof know of any Default that occurred during the previous year. We are required to deliver to the Trustee, within 30 days after the Company obtains knowledge of the occurrence thereof, written notice of any event which would constitute certain Defaults, their status and what action we are taking or propose to take in respect thereof.
 
Amendments and waivers
 
Subject to certain exceptions, the Indenture may be amended with the consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes then outstanding (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange for the Notes), and any past default or compliance with any provisions may also be waived with the consent of the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes then outstanding. However, without the consent of each holder of an outstanding Note affected thereby, an amendment or waiver may not:
 
1. reduce the amount of Notes whose holders must consent to an amendment;
 
2. reduce the rate of or extend the time for payment of interest on any Note;
 
3. reduce the principal of or extend the Stated Maturity of any Note;
 
4. reduce the amount payable upon the redemption of any Note or change the time at which any Note may be redeemed as described under “—Optional redemption” above;
 
5. make any Note payable in money other than that stated in the Note;
 
6. impair the right of any holder of the Notes to receive payment of principal of and interest on such holder’s Notes on or after the due dates therefor or to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on or with respect to such holder’s Notes;
 
7. make any change in the amendment or waiver provisions which require each holder’s consent;
 
8. make any change in the ranking or priority of any Note that would adversely affect the Noteholders; or
 
9. make any change in, or release other than in accordance with the Indenture, any Subsidiary Guaranty that would adversely affect the Noteholders.
 
Notwithstanding the preceding, without the consent of any holder of the Notes, the Company, the Subsidiary Guarantors and Trustee may amend the Indenture:
 
1. to cure any ambiguity, omission, defect or inconsistency;
 
2. to provide for the assumption by a successor corporation of the obligations of the Company or any Subsidiary Guarantor under the Indenture;
 
3. to provide for uncertificated Notes in addition to or in place of certificated Notes (provided that the uncertificated Notes are issued in registered form for purposes of Section 163(f) of the Code, or in a manner such that the uncertificated Notes are described in Section 163(f)(2)(B) of the Code);


S-62


Table of Contents

4. to add Guarantees with respect to the Notes, including any Subsidiary Guarantees, or to secure the Notes;
 
5. to add to the covenants of the Company or a Subsidiary Guarantor for the benefit of the holders of the Notes or to surrender any right or power conferred upon the Company or a Subsidiary Guarantor;
 
6. to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any holder of the Notes and any change to conform the Indenture to any terms explicitly described in this “Description of the notes”;
 
7. to comply with any requirement of the SEC in connection with the qualification of the Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act; or
 
8. to make any amendment to the provisions of the Indenture relating to the transfer and legending of Notes; provided, however, that (a) compliance with the Indenture as so amended would not result in Notes being transferred in violation of the Securities Act or any other applicable securities law and (b) such amendment does not materially and adversely affect the rights of Holders to transfer Notes.
 
The consent of the holders of the Notes is not necessary under the Indenture to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment. It is sufficient if such consent approves the substance of the proposed amendment.
 
After an amendment under the Indenture becomes effective, we are required to mail to holders of the Notes a notice briefly describing such amendment. However, the failure to give such notice to all holders of the Notes, or any defect therein, will not impair or affect the validity of the amendment.
 
Neither the Company nor any Affiliate of the Company may, directly or indirectly, pay or cause to be paid any consideration, whether by way of interest, fee or otherwise, to any Holder for or as an inducement to any consent, waiver or amendment of any of the terms or provisions of the Indenture or the Notes unless such consideration is offered to all Holders and is paid to all Holders that so consent, waive or agree to amend in the time frame set forth in solicitation documents relating to such consent, waiver or agreement.
 
Transfer
 
The Notes will be issued in registered form and will be transferable only upon the surrender of the Notes being transferred for registration of transfer. We may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax, assessment or other governmental charge payable in connection with certain transfers and exchanges.
 
Satisfaction and discharge
 
When (1) we deliver to the Trustee all outstanding Notes for cancellation, (2) all outstanding Notes have become due and payable, whether at maturity or on a redemption date as a result of the mailing of notice of redemption or (3) all outstanding Notes not theretofore delivered for cancellation will become due and payable within one year at Stated Maturity or as the result of the giving of a notice of redemption and, in the case of clause (2) or clause (3), we irrevocably deposit with the Trustee as trust funds, cash in U.S. dollars or non-callable U.S. Government Obligation or a combination thereof, in amounts sufficient to pay at maturity or upon


S-63


Table of Contents

redemption all outstanding Notes, including interest thereon to maturity or such redemption date, and if in either case we pay all other sums payable under the Indenture by us, then the Indenture shall, subject to certain exceptions, cease to be of further effect.
 
Defeasance
 
At any time, we may terminate all our obligations under the Notes and the Indenture (“legal defeasance”), except for certain obligations, including those respecting the defeasance trust and obligations to register the transfer or exchange of the Notes, to replace mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Notes and to maintain a registrar and paying agent in respect of the Notes.
 
In addition, at any time we may terminate our obligations under “—Change of control” and under the covenants described under “—Certain covenants” (other than the covenant described under ‘‘—Merger and consolidation”), the covenant default provisions with respect to such terminated covenants, the operation of the cross acceleration provision, the bankruptcy default provisions with respect to Subsidiary Guarantors and Significant Subsidiaries and the judgment default provision described under “—Defaults” above and the limitations contained in clause (3) of the first paragraph under “—Certain covenants—Merger and consolidation” above (“covenant defeasance”).
 
We may exercise our legal defeasance option notwithstanding our prior exercise of our covenant defeasance option. If we exercise our legal defeasance option, payment of the Notes may not be accelerated because of an Event of Default with respect thereto. If we exercise our covenant defeasance option, payment of the Notes may not be accelerated because of an Event of Default specified in clause (4), (6), (7) (with respect only to Significant Subsidiaries and Subsidiary Guarantors), (8) or (9) under “—Defaults” above or because of the failure of the Company to comply with clause (3) of paragraph (a) under “—Certain covenants—Merger and consolidation” above. If we exercise our legal defeasance option or our covenant defeasance option, each Subsidiary Guarantor will be released from all of its obligations with respect to its Subsidiary Guaranty.
 
In order to exercise either of our defeasance options, we must irrevocably deposit in trust (the “defeasance trust”) with the Trustee cash in U.S. dollars or U.S. Government Obligations or a combination thereof for the payment of principal and interest on the Notes to redemption or maturity, as the case may be, and must comply with certain other conditions, including delivery to the Trustee of an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that holders of the Notes will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and defeasance and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and defeasance had not occurred (and, in the case of legal defeasance only, such Opinion of Counsel must be based on a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service or other change in applicable Federal income tax law since the Issue Date).
 
Concerning the trustee
 
The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. is to be the Trustee under the Indenture. We have appointed the Trustee as Registrar and Paying Agent with regard to the Notes.
 
The Indenture contains certain limitations on the rights of the Trustee, should it become a creditor of the Company or of a Subsidiary Guarantor, to obtain payment of claims in certain


S-64


Table of Contents

cases, or to realize on certain property received in respect of any such claim as security or otherwise. The Trustee will be permitted to engage in other transactions; provided, however, if it acquires any conflicting interest it must either eliminate such conflict within 90 days, apply to the SEC for permission to continue or resign.
 
The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Notes will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for exercising any remedy available to the Trustee, subject to certain exceptions. If an Event of Default occurs (and is not cured), the Trustee will be required, in the exercise of its power, to use the degree of care of a prudent man in the conduct of his own affairs. Subject to such provisions, the Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under the Indenture at the request of any Holder of Notes, unless such Holder shall have offered to the Trustee security and indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense and then only to the extent required by the terms of the Indenture.
 
No personal liability of directors, officers, employees and stockholders
 
No director, officer, employee, incorporator or stockholder of the Company or any Subsidiary Guarantor will have any liability for any obligations of the Company or any Subsidiary Guarantor under the Notes, any Subsidiary Guaranty or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Holder of Notes by accepting a Note waives and releases all such claims and liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for issuance of the Notes. Such waiver and release may not be effective to waive liabilities under the U.S. Federal securities laws, and it is the view of the SEC that such a waiver is against public policy.
 
Governing law
 
The Indenture and the Notes will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.
 
Certain definitions
 
Additional Assets” means:
 
1. any property, plant or equipment used or useful in a Related Business;
 
2. the Capital Stock of a Person that becomes a Restricted Subsidiary as a result of the acquisition of such Capital Stock by the Company or another Restricted Subsidiary; or
 
3. Capital Stock constituting a minority interest in any Person that at such time is a Restricted Subsidiary;
 
provided, however, that any such Restricted Subsidiary described in clause (2) or (3) above is primarily engaged in a Related Business.


S-65


Table of Contents

Adjusted Consolidated Net Tangible Assets” or “ACNTA” means (without duplication), as of the date of determination:
 
(a) the sum of:
 
1. discounted future net revenue from proved oil and gas reserves of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries calculated in accordance with SEC guidelines (but giving effect to applicable Oil and Gas Hedging Contracts in place as of the date of determination (whether positive or negative)) before any state, federal, foreign or other income taxes, as estimated by the Company in a reserve report prepared as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal year for which audited financials are available, as increased by, as of the date of determination, the discounted future net revenue calculated in accordance with SEC guidelines (utilizing the prices utilized in such year end reserve report) but giving effect to applicable Oil and Gas Hedging Contracts in place as of the date of determination (whether positive or negative) of:
 
(A) estimated proved oil and gas reserves of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries attributable to acquisitions consummated since the date of such reserve report, and
 
(B) estimated oil and gas reserves of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries attributable to extensions, discoveries and other additions and upward determinations of estimates of proved oil and gas reserves (including previously estimated development costs incurred during the period and the accretion of discount since the prior period end) due to exploration, development or exploitation, production or other activities which reserves were not reflected in such reserve report;
 
and decreased by, as of the date of determination, the discounted future net revenue (calculated in accordance with SEC guidelines using prices used in such year-end reserve report) attributable to:
 
(C) estimated proved oil and gas reserves of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries reflected in such reserve report produced or disposed of since the date of such reserve report, and
 
(D) reductions in the estimated oil and gas reserves of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries reflected in such reserve report since the date of such reserve report attributable to downward determinations of estimates of proved crude oil and natural gas reserves due to exploration, development or exploitation, production or other activities conducted or otherwise occurring since the date of such reserve report;
 
provided, however, that, in the case of each of the determinations made pursuant to clauses (A) through (D), such increases and decreases shall be estimated by the Company’s engineers in accordance with customary reserve engineering practices;
 
2. the capitalized costs that are attributable to oil and gas properties of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries to which no proved oil and gas reserves are attributed, based on the Company’s books and records as of a date no earlier than the end of the most recent fiscal quarter for which internal financial statements of the Company have been made available prior to the date of determination;


S-66


Table of Contents

3. the Net Working Capital as of the end of the most recent fiscal quarter for which internal financial statements of the Company have been made available prior to the date of determination; and
 
4. the greater of (i) the net book value as of a date no earlier than the end of the most recent fiscal quarter for which internal financial statements of the Company have been made available prior to the date of determination and (ii) the fair market value, as estimated by the Company, of other tangible assets of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries as of a date within the immediately preceding twelve months; minus
 
(b) to the extent not otherwise taken into account in the immediately preceding clause (a), the sum of
 
1. minority interests;
 
2. any net gas balancing liabilities of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries reflected in the Company’s latest annual or quarterly balance sheet (to the extent not deducted in calculating Net Working Capital in accordance with clause (a)(3) above of this definition);
 
3. the discounted future net revenue, as of the effective date of such reserve report, calculated in accordance with SEC guidelines (utilizing the same prices utilized in the Company’s year-end reserve report), attributable to reserves that are required to be delivered to third parties to fully satisfy the obligations of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries with respect to Volumetric Production Payments on the schedules specified with respect thereto; and
 
4. the discounted future net revenue, as of the effective date of such reserve report, calculated in accordance with SEC guidelines, attributable to reserves subject to Dollar-Denominated Production Payments that, based on the estimates of production included in determining the discounted future net revenue specified in the immediately preceding clause (a) (1) (utilizing the same prices utilized in the Company’s year-end reserve report), would be necessary to satisfy fully the obligations of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries with respect to Dollar-Denominated Production Payments on the schedules specified with respect thereto.
 
Whether the Company uses the successful efforts method of accounting or the full cost (or similar method) method of accounting, ACNTA will be calculated as if the Company were using the full cost method of accounting.
 
Affiliate” of any specified Person means any other Person, directly or indirectly, controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” when used with respect to any Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing.
 
Asset Disposition” means any sale, lease, transfer or other disposition (or series of related sales, leases, transfers or dispositions) by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary, including any


S-67


Table of Contents

disposition by means of a merger, consolidation or similar transaction (each referred to for the purposes of this definition as a “disposition”), of:
 
1. any shares of Capital Stock of a Restricted Subsidiary (other than directors’ qualifying shares or shares required by applicable law to be held by a Person other than the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary);
 
2. any other assets (other than Capital Stock) of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary outside of the ordinary course of business of the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary
 
(other than, in the case of clauses (1) and (2) above,
 
(A) a disposition by a Restricted Subsidiary to the Company or by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary to a Restricted Subsidiary;
 
(B) for purposes of the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock” only, (i) a disposition that constitutes a Restricted Payment (or would constitute a Restricted Payment but for the exclusions from the definition thereof) and that is not prohibited by the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on restricted payments” and (ii) a disposition of all or substantially all the assets of the Company in accordance with the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Merger and consolidation”;
 
(C) any single transaction or series of related transactions that: (a) involves the disposition of assets having a Fair Market Value of less than $7.5 million; or (b) results in Net Available Cash to the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries of less than $7.5 million;
 
(D) the trade or exchange (“Permitted Asset Exchange”) by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of any oil and gas lease, oil or gas property or interest therein and any related assets owned or held by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary or the capital stock of a Subsidiary for (a) any oil and gas lease, oil or gas property or interest therein and any related assets owned or held by another Person or (b) the Capital Stock of another Person that becomes a Restricted Subsidiary as a result of such trade or exchange or the Capital Stock of another Person that is a joint venture, partnership or other similar entity, in each case all or substantially all of whose assets consist of crude oil or natural gas properties, including in the case of either of clauses (a) or (b), any cash or cash equivalents necessary in order to achieve an exchange of equivalent value; provided, however, that the value of the property or Capital Stock received by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in such trade or exchange (including any cash or cash equivalents) is substantially equal to the Fair Market Value of the property (including any cash or cash equivalents so traded or exchanged);
 
(E) the surrender or waiver of contract rights or the settlement, release or surrender of contract, tort or other claims of any kind;
 
(F) any Production Payment and Reserve Sale created, issued or assumed in connection with the financing of the acquisition of oil and gas properties that are subject thereto (and within 90 days after such acquisition), so long as the owner or purchaser of such Production Payment and Reserve Sale has recourse solely to such oil and gas properties and to the proceeds thereof, subject to the obligation of the grantor or transferor of such Production Payment and Reserve Sale to operate and maintain the related oil and gas properties in a prudent manner or other customary standard, to deliver the associated production (if


S-68


Table of Contents

required) and to indemnify with respect to environmental, title and other matters customary in the Oil and Gas Business;
 
(G) any issuance or sale of Capital Stock of the Company;
 
(H) a disposition of cash or Temporary Cash Investments;
 
(I) the licensing or sublicensing of intellectual property (including, without limitation, the licensing of seismic data) or other general intangibles and licenses, leases or subleases of other property in the ordinary course of business which do not materially interfere with the business of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries; and
 
(J) the creation of a Lien (but not the sale or other disposition of the property subject to such Lien)).
 
For the avoidance of doubt, any disposition of oil, natural gas or other hydrocarbons or other mineral products and related equipment or surplus, damaged, unserviceable, worn-out or obsolete equipment; any abandonment, relinquishment, farm-in, farm-out, lease, sub-lease or other disposition of developed or undeveloped or both developed and underdeveloped oil and gas properties; the provision of services, equipment and other assets for the operation and development of the Company’s and its Restricted Subsidiaries’ oil and natural gas wells (notwithstanding that any such transaction may be recorded as an asset sale in accordance with full cost accounting guidelines); any assignment of a working, overriding royalty or net profits interest to an employee or consultant of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in connection with the generation of prospects or the exploration or development of oil and natural gas projects; and the liquidation of any assets received in settlement of claims owed to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary, in each such case in the ordinary course of business of the Company or its Subsidiaries, will not constitute an Asset Disposition.
 
Attributable Debt” in respect of a Sale/Leaseback Transaction means, as at the time of determination, the present value (discounted at the interest rate implicit in the Sale/Leaseback Transaction, compounded annually) of the total obligations of the lessee for rental payments during the remaining term of the lease included in such Sale/Leaseback Transaction (including any period for which such lease has been extended); provided, however, that if such Sale/Leaseback Transaction results in a Capital Lease Obligation, the amount of Indebtedness represented thereby will be determined in accordance with the definition of “Capital Lease Obligation”.
 
Average Life” means, as of the date of determination, with respect to any Indebtedness, the quotient obtained by dividing:
 
1. the sum of the products of the numbers of years from the date of determination to the dates of each successive scheduled principal payment of or redemption or similar payment with respect to such Indebtedness multiplied by the amount of such payment by
 
2. the sum of all such payments.
 
Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Company or any committee thereof duly authorized to act on behalf of such Board.
 
Business Day” means each day which is not a Legal Holiday.


S-69


Table of Contents

Capital Lease Obligation” means an obligation that is required to be classified and accounted for as a capital lease for financial reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP, and the amount of Indebtedness represented by such obligation shall be the capitalized amount of such obligation determined in accordance with GAAP; and the Stated Maturity thereof shall be the date of the last payment of rent or any other amount due under such lease prior to the first date upon which such lease may be terminated by the lessee without payment of a penalty. For purposes of the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on liens”, a Capital Lease Obligation will be deemed to be secured by a Lien on the property being leased.
 
Capital Stock” of any Person means any and all shares, interests (including partnership interests), rights to purchase, warrants, options, participations or other equivalents of or interests in (however designated) equity of such Person, including any Preferred Stock, but excluding any debt securities convertible into such equity.
 
Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
 
Consolidated Coverage Ratio” as of any date of determination means the ratio of (a) the aggregate amount of EBITDA for the period of the most recent four consecutive fiscal quarters prior to the date of such determination for which internal financial statements are available to (b) Consolidated Interest Expense for such four fiscal quarters; provided, however, that:
 
1. if the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary has Incurred any Indebtedness since the beginning of such period that remains outstanding or if the transaction giving rise to the need to calculate the Consolidated Coverage Ratio is an Incurrence of Indebtedness, or both, EBITDA and Consolidated Interest Expense for such period shall be calculated after giving effect on a pro forma basis to such Indebtedness as if such Indebtedness had been Incurred on the first day of such period;
 
2. if the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary has repaid, repurchased, defeased or otherwise discharged any Indebtedness since the beginning of such period or if any Indebtedness is to be repaid, repurchased, defeased or otherwise discharged (in each case other than Indebtedness Incurred under any revolving credit facility unless such Indebtedness has been permanently repaid and the related commitment terminated) on the date of the transaction giving rise to the need to calculate the Consolidated Coverage Ratio, EBITDA and Consolidated Interest Expense for such period shall be calculated on a pro forma basis as if such discharge had occurred on the first day of such period and as if the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary had not earned the interest income actually earned during such period in respect of cash or Temporary Cash Investments used to repay, repurchase, defease or otherwise discharge such Indebtedness;
 
3. if since the beginning of such period the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary shall have made any Asset Disposition, EBITDA for such period shall be reduced by an amount equal to EBITDA (if positive) directly attributable to the assets which are the subject of such Asset Disposition for such period, or increased by an amount equal to EBITDA (if negative), directly attributable thereto for such period and Consolidated Interest Expense for such period shall be reduced by an amount equal to the Consolidated Interest Expense directly attributable to any Indebtedness of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary repaid, repurchased, defeased or otherwise discharged with respect to the Company and its continuing Restricted Subsidiaries in connection with such Asset Disposition for such period (or, if the Capital Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary is sold, the Consolidated Interest Expense for such period directly attributable to the Indebtedness of such Restricted Subsidiary to the


S-70


Table of Contents

extent the Company and its continuing Restricted Subsidiaries are no longer liable for such Indebtedness after such sale);
 
4. if since the beginning of such period the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary (by merger or otherwise) shall have made an Investment in any Restricted Subsidiary (or any Person which becomes a Restricted Subsidiary) or an acquisition of assets, including any acquisition of assets occurring in connection with a transaction requiring a calculation to be made hereunder, which constitutes producing oil and gas properties or all or substantially all of an operating unit of a business, EBITDA and Consolidated Interest Expense for such period shall be calculated after giving pro forma effect thereto (including the Incurrence of any Indebtedness) as if such Investment or acquisition had occurred on the first day of such period; and
 
5. if since the beginning of such period any Person (that subsequently became a Restricted Subsidiary or was merged with or into the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary since the beginning of such period) shall have made any Asset Disposition, any Investment or acquisition of assets that would have required an adjustment pursuant to clause (3) or (4) above if made by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary during such period, EBITDA and Consolidated Interest Expense for such period shall be calculated after giving pro forma effect thereto as if such Asset Disposition, Investment or acquisition had occurred on the first day of such period.
 
For purposes of this definition, whenever pro forma effect is to be given to an acquisition of assets, the amount of income or earnings relating thereto and the amount of Consolidated Interest Expense associated with any Indebtedness Incurred in connection therewith, the pro forma calculations shall be determined in good faith by a responsible financial or accounting Officer of the Company; including any reasonably identifiable and factually supportable pro forma changes to EBITDA, including any pro forma expenses and costs reductions, that have occurred or in the judgment of such officer are reasonably expected to occur within 12 months of the date of the applicable transaction (regardless of whether such expense or cost reduction or any other operating improvements could then be reflected properly in pro forma financial statements prepared in accordance with Regulation S-X under the Securities Act or any other regulation or policy of the SEC). If any Indebtedness bears a floating rate of interest and is being given pro forma effect, the interest on such Indebtedness shall be calculated as if the rate in effect on the date of determination had been the applicable rate for the entire period (taking into account any Interest Rate Agreement applicable to such Indebtedness if such Interest Rate Agreement has a remaining term in excess of 12 months). If any Indebtedness that is being given pro forma effect bears an interest rate at the option of the Company, the interest rate shall be calculated by applying such optional rate chosen by the Company. Interest on Indebtedness that may optionally be determined at an interest rate based upon a factor of a prime or similar rate, a Eurocurrency interbank offered rate, or other rate, shall be deemed to have been based upon the rate actually chosen, or, if none, then based upon such optional rate chosen as the Company may designate.
 
If any Indebtedness is Incurred under a revolving credit facility and is being given pro forma effect, the interest on such Indebtedness shall be calculated based on the average daily balance of such Indebtedness for the four fiscal quarters or such shorter period for which such facility was outstanding or if such revolving credit facility was created after the end of such four fiscal quarters, the average daily balance of such Indebtedness during the period from the date of creation of such revolving credit facility to the date of such calculation, in each case, provided


S-71


Table of Contents

that such average daily balance shall take into account any repayment of Indebtedness under such revolving credit facility as provided under clause (2) above.
 
Consolidated Interest Expense” means, for any period, the total interest expense of the Company and its consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries, plus, to the extent not included in such total interest expense, and to the extent incurred by the Company or its Restricted Subsidiaries, without duplication:
 
1. interest expense attributable to Capital Lease Obligations;
 
2. amortization of debt discount and debt issuance cost;
 
3. capitalized interest;
 
4. non-cash interest expense;
 
5. commissions, discounts and other fees and charges owed with respect to letters of credit and bankers’ acceptance financing;
 
6. net payments pursuant to Interest Rate Agreements;
 
7. dividends accrued in respect of all Disqualified Stock of the Company and all Preferred Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary, in each case held by Persons other than the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary (other than dividends payable solely in Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company); provided, however, that such dividends will be multiplied by a fraction the numerator of which is one and the denominator of which is one minus the effective combined tax rate of the issuer of such Preferred Stock (expressed as a decimal) for such period (as estimated by the chief financial or accounting Officer of the Company in good faith);
 
8. interest incurred in connection with Investments in discontinued operations;
 
9. interest accruing on any Indebtedness of any other Person to the extent such Indebtedness is Guaranteed by (or secured by the assets of) the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary; and
 
10. the cash contributions to any employee stock ownership plan or similar trust to the extent such contributions are used by such plan or trust to pay interest or fees to any Person (other than the Company) in connection with Indebtedness Incurred by such plan or trust,
 
minus, to the extent included above, write-off of deferred financing costs (and interest) attributable to Dollar-Denominated Production Payments.
 
Consolidated Net Income” means, for any period, the net income of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries; provided, however, that there shall not be included in such Consolidated Net Income:
 
1. any net income of any Person (other than the Company) if such Person is not a Restricted Subsidiary, except that:
 
(A) subject to the exclusion contained in clause (4) below, the Company’s equity in the net income of any such Person for such period shall be included in such Consolidated Net Income up to the aggregate amount of cash actually distributed by such Person during or with respect to such period to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary as a


S-72


Table of Contents

dividend or other distribution (subject, in the case of a dividend or other distribution paid to a Restricted Subsidiary, to the limitations contained in clause (3) below); and
 
(B) the Company’s equity in a net loss of any such Person for such period shall be included in determining such Consolidated Net Income to the extent such loss has been funded with cash from the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary during such period;
 
2. any net income (or loss) of any Person acquired by the Company or a Subsidiary in a pooling of interests transaction (or any transaction accounted for in a manner similar to a pooling of interests) for any period prior to the date of such acquisition;
 
3. any net income of any Restricted Subsidiary if such Restricted Subsidiary is subject to restrictions, directly or indirectly, on the payment of dividends or the making of distributions by such Restricted Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, to the Company, except that:
 
(A) subject to the exclusion contained in clause (4) below, the Company’s equity in the net income of any such Restricted Subsidiary for such period shall be included in such Consolidated Net Income up to the aggregate amount of cash that could have been distributed by such Restricted Subsidiary during such period to the Company or another Restricted Subsidiary as a dividend or other distribution (subject, in the case of a dividend or other distribution paid to another Restricted Subsidiary, to the limitation contained in this clause); and
 
(B) the Company’s equity in a net loss of any such Restricted Subsidiary for such period shall be included in determining such Consolidated Net Income;
 
4. any gain (or loss), together with any provision for taxes related to such gain (or loss), realized upon the sale or other disposition of any assets of the Company, its consolidated Subsidiaries or any other Person (including pursuant to any sale-and-leaseback arrangement) which is not sold or otherwise disposed of in the ordinary course of business and any gain (or loss) together with any provision for taxes related to such gain (or loss), realized upon the sale or other disposition of any Capital Stock of any Person;
 
5. any unrealized non-cash gains or losses or charges in respect of hedge or non-hedge derivatives (including those resulting from the application of FAS 133);
 
6. any non-cash compensation charge arising from any grant of stock, stock options or other equity based awards;
 
7. extraordinary or non-recurring gains or losses, together with any provision for taxes related to such extraordinary or non-recurring gains or losses;
 
8. the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principles;
 
9. any “ceiling limitation” on oil and gas properties or other asset impairment writedowns under GAAP or SEC guidelines; and
 
10. any after-tax effect of income (loss) from the early extinguishment of Indebtedness,
 
in each case, for such period. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the purposes of the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on restricted payments” only, there shall be excluded from Consolidated Net Income any repurchases, repayments or redemptions of Investments, proceeds realized on the sale of Investments or return of capital to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary to the extent such repurchases, repayments, redemptions, proceeds or


S-73


Table of Contents

returns increase the amount of Restricted Payments permitted under such covenant pursuant to clause (a)(3)(E) thereof.
 
Consolidated Net Worth” means the total of the amounts shown on the balance sheet of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP, as of the end of the most recent fiscal quarter of the Company for which internal financial statements are available prior to the taking of any action for the purpose of which the determination is being made, as the sum of:
 
(1) the par or stated value of all outstanding Capital Stock of the Company, plus
 
(2) paid-in capital or capital surplus relating to such Capital Stock, plus
 
(3) any retained earnings or earned surplus,
 
less (A) any accumulated deficit and (B) any amounts attributable to Disqualified Stock.
 
Convertible Preferred Stock” means the 6.875% Series B Cumulative Convertible Perpetual Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company outstanding, and with such terms as are in effect, on the Issue Date.
 
Credit Agreement” means the Credit Agreement dated as of October 2, 2008, by and among the Company, PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as the administrative agent, Calyon New York Branch, as syndication agent, Bank of America, N.A., as documentation agent, and the lenders party thereto, together with the related documents thereto (including the term loans and revolving loans thereunder, any guarantees and security documents), as amended, extended, renewed, restated, replaced, supplemented or otherwise modified (in whole or in part, and without limitation as to amount, terms, conditions, covenants and other provisions) from time to time, and any agreement (and related document), including an indenture or any receivables financing (including through the sale of receivables to lenders, purchasers or special purpose entities formed to borrow from (or sell such receivables to) such lenders or other financiers against such receivables) or other document, governing Indebtedness Incurred to Refinance, replace (contemporaneously or otherwise) or supplement, in whole or in part, the borrowings and commitments then outstanding or permitted to be outstanding under such Credit Agreement or any successor or alternative Credit Agreement or other debt facilities, including any such agreements which increase the aggregate amount of Indebtedness outstanding or permitted to be outstanding under such Credit Agreement or debt facilities, whether by the same or any other lender or investor, or group of lenders or investors.
 
Currency Agreement” means any foreign exchange contract, currency swap agreement or other similar agreement with respect to currency values.
 
Default” means any event which is, or after notice or passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default.
 
Disqualified Stock” means, with respect to any Person, any Capital Stock which by its terms (or by the terms of any security into which it is convertible or for which it is exchangeable at the option of the holder) or upon the happening of any event:
 
1. matures or is mandatorily redeemable (other than redeemable only for Capital Stock of such Person which is not itself Disqualified Stock) pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise;


S-74


Table of Contents

2. is convertible or exchangeable at the option of the holder for Indebtedness or Disqualified Stock; or
 
3. is mandatorily redeemable or must be purchased upon the occurrence of certain events or otherwise, in whole or in part;
 
in each case on or prior to the date that is 91 days after the earlier of the date (a) of the Stated Maturity of the Notes and (b) on which there are no Notes outstanding; provided, however, that any Capital Stock that would not constitute Disqualified Stock but for provisions thereof giving holders thereof the right to require such Person to purchase or redeem such Capital Stock upon the occurrence of an “asset sale” or “change of control” occurring prior to the date 91 days after the earlier date determined pursuant to clause (a) or (b) above shall not constitute Disqualified Stock if:
 
(A) the “asset sale” or “change of control” provisions applicable to such Capital Stock are not materially more favorable to the holders of such Capital Stock than the terms applicable to the Notes and described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock” and “—Change of control”; and
 
(B) any such requirement only becomes operative after compliance with such terms applicable to the Notes, including the purchase of any Notes tendered pursuant thereto.
 
The amount of any Disqualified Stock that does not have a fixed redemption, repayment or repurchase price will be calculated in accordance with the terms of such Disqualified Stock as if such Disqualified Stock were redeemed, repaid or repurchased on any date on which the amount of such Disqualified Stock is to be determined pursuant to the Indenture; provided, however, that if such Disqualified Stock could not be required to be redeemed, repaid or repurchased at the time of such determination, the redemption, repayment or repurchase price will be the book value of such Disqualified Stock as reflected in the most recent financial statements of such Person.
 
For the avoidance of doubt, the Convertible Preferred Stock shall not be deemed to be Disqualified Stock.
 
Dollar-Denominated Production Payments” means production payment obligations recorded as liabilities in accordance with GAAP, together with all undertakings and obligations in connection therewith.
 
EBITDA” for any period means the sum of Consolidated Net Income, plus the following to the extent deducted in calculating such Consolidated Net Income:
 
1. all income tax expense of the Company and its consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries;
 
2. Consolidated Interest Expense;
 
3. depreciation, depletion and amortization expense of the Company and its consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries (excluding amortization expense attributable to a prepaid item that was paid in cash in a prior period);
 
4. all other non-cash charges of the Company and its consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries (excluding any such non-cash charge to the extent that it represents an accrual of or reserve for cash expenditures in any future period but including non-cash charges resulting from the application of FAS 143) less all non-cash items of income of the Company and its


S-75


Table of Contents

consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries (other than accruals of revenue by the Company and its consolidated Restricted Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business); and
 
5. if the Company changes its method of accounting from full cost to successful efforts or a similar method of accounting, consolidated exploration and abandonment expense of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries;
 
in each case for such period and less, to the extent included in calculating such Consolidated Net Income and in excess of any costs or expenses attributable thereto and deducted in calculating such Consolidated Net Income, the sum of:
 
(A) the amount of deferred revenues that are amortized during such period and are attributable to reserves that are subject to Volumetric Production Payments; and
 
(B) amounts recorded in accordance with GAAP as repayments of principal and interest pursuant to Dollar-Denominated Production Payments.
 
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provision for taxes based on the income or profits of, and the depreciation, depletion and amortization and non-cash charges of, a Restricted Subsidiary shall be added to Consolidated Net Income to compute EBITDA only to the extent (and in the same proportion, including by reason of minority interests) that the net income or loss of such Restricted Subsidiary was included in calculating Consolidated Net Income and only if a corresponding amount would be permitted at the date of determination to be dividended to the Company by such Restricted Subsidiary without prior approval (that has not been obtained), pursuant to the terms of its charter and all agreements, instruments, judgments, decrees, orders, statutes, rules and governmental regulations applicable to such Restricted Subsidiary or its stockholders.
 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan” means any employee stock ownership plan or trust or any employee stock purchase plan or other similar arrangement for the benefit of employees of the Company or of some or all of its Restricted Subsidiaries or of both the Company and some or all of its Restricted Subsidiaries.
 
Equity Offering” means a public or private offering for cash by the Company of Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock), other than public offerings registered on Form S-8.
 
Fair Market Value” means, with respect to any Asset Disposition, Sale/Leaseback Transaction or Restricted Payment (or Investment or Permitted Investment), the price that would be negotiated in an arm’s-length transaction between a willing seller and a willing and able buyer, neither of which is under any compulsion to complete the transaction, as such price is determined in good faith by:
 
1. if the value of such Asset Disposition, Sale/Leaseback Transaction or Restricted Payment (or Investment or Permitted Investment) is less than $10.0 million, an Officer of the Company; and
 
2. if the value of such Asset Disposition, Sale/Leaseback Transaction or Restricted Payment (or Investment or Permitted Investment) is $10.0 million or greater, the Board of Directors of the Company.
 
Foreign Subsidiary” means any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company that is not organized under the laws of the United States of America or any State thereof or the District of Columbia.


S-76


Table of Contents

GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America as in effect as of the Issue Date, including those set forth in:
 
1. the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants;
 
2. statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board;
 
3. such other statements by such other entity as approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession; and
 
4. the rules and regulations of the SEC governing the inclusion of financial statements (including pro forma financial statements) in periodic reports required to be filed pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act, including opinions and pronouncements in staff accounting bulletins and similar written statements from the accounting staff of the SEC.
 
Guarantee” means any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of any Person directly or indirectly guaranteeing any Indebtedness of any Person and any obligation, direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise, of such Person:
 
1. to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Indebtedness of such Person (whether arising by virtue of partnership arrangements, or by agreements to keep-well, to purchase assets, goods, securities or services, to take-or-pay or to maintain financial statement conditions or otherwise); or
 
2. entered into for the purpose of assuring in any other manner the obligee of such Indebtedness of the payment thereof or to protect such obligee against loss in respect thereof (in whole or in part); provided, however, that the term “Guarantee” shall not include endorsements for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business. The term “Guarantee” used as a verb has a corresponding meaning.
 
Guaranty Agreement” means a supplemental indenture, in a form satisfactory to the Trustee, pursuant to which a Subsidiary Guarantor guarantees the Company’s obligations with respect to the Notes on the terms provided for in the Indenture.
 
Hedging Obligations” of any Person means the obligations of such Person pursuant to any Interest Rate Agreement, Currency Agreement or Oil and Gas Hedging Contract.
 
Holder” or “Noteholder” means the Person in whose name a Note is registered on the Registrar’s books.
 
Incur” means issue, assume, Guarantee, incur or otherwise become liable for; provided, however, that any Indebtedness of a Person existing at the time such Person becomes a Restricted Subsidiary (whether by merger, consolidation, acquisition or otherwise) shall be deemed to be Incurred by such Person at the time it becomes a Restricted Subsidiary. The term “Incurrence” when used as a noun shall have a correlative meaning. Solely for purposes of determining compliance with “—Certain covenants—Limitation on indebtedness”:
 
1. amortization of debt discount or the accretion of principal with respect to a non-interest bearing or other discount security;
 
2. the accrual of interest or dividends and the payment of regularly scheduled interest in the form of additional Indebtedness of the same instrument or the payment of regularly


S-77


Table of Contents

scheduled dividends on Capital Stock in the form of additional Capital Stock of the same class and with the same terms;
 
3. the obligation to pay a premium in respect of Indebtedness arising in connection with the issuance of a notice of redemption or making of a mandatory offer to purchase such Indebtedness; and
 
4. unrealized losses, charges or other similar obligations in respect of Hedging Obligations (including those resulting from the application of FAS 133),
 
will not be deemed to be the Incurrence of Indebtedness.
 
Indebtedness” means, with respect to any Person on any date of determination (without duplication):
 
1. the principal in respect of (A) indebtedness of such Person for money borrowed and (B) indebtedness evidenced by notes, debentures, bonds or other similar instruments for the payment of which such Person is responsible or liable, including, in each case, any premium on such indebtedness to the extent such premium has become due and payable;
 
2. all Capital Lease Obligations of such Person and all Attributable Debt in respect of Sale/Leaseback Transactions entered into by such Person;
 
3. all obligations of such Person issued or assumed as the deferred purchase price of property, all conditional sale obligations of such Person and all obligations of such Person under any title retention agreement (but excluding any accounts payable or other liability to trade creditors arising in the ordinary course of business);
 
4. all obligations of such Person for the reimbursement of any obligor on any letter of credit, bankers’ acceptance or similar credit transaction (other than obligations with respect to letters of credit securing obligations (other than obligations described in clauses (1) through (3) above) entered into in the ordinary course of business of such Person to the extent such letters of credit are not drawn upon or, if and to the extent drawn upon, such drawing is reimbursed no later than the tenth Business Day following payment on the letter of credit);
 
5. the amount of all obligations of such Person with respect to the redemption, repayment or other repurchase of any Disqualified Stock of such Person or, with respect to any Preferred Stock of any Subsidiary of such Person, the principal amount of such Preferred Stock to be determined in accordance with the Indenture (but excluding, in each case, any accrued dividends);
 
6. all obligations of the type referred to in clauses (1) through (5) of other Persons and all dividends of other Persons for the payment of which, in either case, such Person is responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, as obligor, guarantor or otherwise, including by means of any Guarantee;
 
7. all obligations of the type referred to in clauses (1) through (6) of other Persons secured by any Lien on any property or asset of such Person (whether or not such obligation is assumed by such Person), the amount of such obligation being deemed to be the lesser of the fair market value of such property or assets and the amount of the obligation so secured;


S-78


Table of Contents

8. to the extent not otherwise included in this definition, Hedging Obligations of such Person; and
 
9. any guarantee by such Person of production or payment with respect to a Production Payment, but excluding guarantees with respect to operation and maintenance of the related oil and gas properties in a prudent manner, delivery of the associated production (if required) and other such contractual obligations.
 
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in connection with the purchase by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of any business, the term “Indebtedness” will exclude post-closing payment adjustments to which the seller may become entitled to the extent such payment is determined by a final closing balance sheet or such payment depends on the performance of such business after the closing; provided, however, that, at the time of closing, the amount of any such payment is not determinable and, to the extent such payment thereafter becomes fixed and determined, the amount is paid within 60 days thereafter. In addition, except as expressly provided in clause (9) above, Production Payments and Reserve Sales shall not constitute “Indebtedness.”
 
The amount of Indebtedness of any Person at any date shall be the outstanding balance at such date of all obligations as described above; provided, however, that in the case of Indebtedness sold at a discount, the amount of such Indebtedness at any time will be the accreted value thereof at such time.
 
Independent Qualified Party” means an investment banking firm, accounting firm or appraisal firm of national standing; provided, however, that such firm is not an Affiliate of the Company.
 
Interest Rate Agreement” means any interest rate swap agreement, interest rate cap agreement or other financial agreement or arrangement with respect to exposure to interest rates.
 
Investment” in any Person means any direct or indirect advance (other than advances to customers in the ordinary course of business that are recorded as accounts receivable on the balance sheet of the lender), loan or other extensions of credit (including by way of Guarantee or similar arrangement) or capital contribution to (by means of any transfer of cash or other property to others or any payment for property or services for the account or use of others), or any purchase or acquisition of Capital Stock, Indebtedness or other similar instruments issued by such Person. If the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary issues, sells or otherwise disposes of any Capital Stock of a Person that is a Restricted Subsidiary such that, after giving effect thereto, such Person is no longer a Restricted Subsidiary, any Investment by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in such Person remaining after giving effect thereto will be deemed to be a new Investment at such time. The acquisition by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of a Person that holds an Investment in a third Person will be deemed to be an Investment by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary in such third Person at such time. Except as otherwise provided for herein, the amount of an Investment shall be its Fair Market Value at the time the Investment is made and without giving effect to subsequent changes in value.
 
For purposes of the definition of “Unrestricted Subsidiary”, the definition of “Restricted Payment” and the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on restricted payments”:
 
1. “Investment” shall include the portion (proportionate to the Company’s equity interest in such Subsidiary) of the Fair Market Value of the net assets of any Subsidiary of the Company at the time that such Subsidiary is designated an Unrestricted Subsidiary; provided, however,


S-79


Table of Contents

that upon a redesignation of such Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary, the Company shall be deemed to continue to have a permanent “Investment” in an Unrestricted Subsidiary equal to an amount (if positive) equal to (A) the Company’s “Investment” in such Subsidiary at the time of such redesignation less (B) the portion (proportionate to the Company’s equity interest in such Subsidiary) of the Fair Market Value of the net assets of such Subsidiary at the time of such redesignation; and
 
2. any property transferred to or from an Unrestricted Subsidiary shall be valued at its Fair Market Value at the time of such transfer.
 
Issue Date” means August 19, 2010.
 
Legal Holiday” means a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions are not required to be open in the State of New York or the State of Texas.
 
Lien” means any mortgage, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, lien or charge of any kind (including any conditional sale or other title retention agreement or lease in the nature thereof).
 
Moody’s” means Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and any successor to its rating agency business.
 
Net Available Cash” from an Asset Disposition means cash payments received therefrom (including any cash payments received by way of deferred payment of principal pursuant to a note or installment receivable or otherwise and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of any securities received as consideration, but only as and when received, but excluding any other consideration received in the form of assumption by the acquiring Person of Indebtedness or other obligations relating to such properties or assets or received in any other non-cash form), in each case net of:
 
1. all legal, title, recording, engineering, environmental, accounting, investment banking, brokerage and relocation expenses, commissions and other fees and expenses incurred, and all Federal, state, provincial, foreign and local taxes required to be paid or accrued as a liability under GAAP, as a consequence of such Asset Disposition;
 
2. all payments made on any Indebtedness which is secured by any assets subject to such Asset Disposition, in accordance with the terms of any Lien upon or other security agreement of any kind with respect to such assets, or which must by its terms, or in order to obtain a necessary consent to such Asset Disposition, or by applicable law, be repaid out of the proceeds from such Asset Disposition;
 
3. all distributions and other payments required to be made to minority interest holders in Restricted Subsidiaries as a result of such Asset Disposition;
 
4. the deduction of appropriate amounts as a reserve, in accordance with GAAP, against any liabilities associated with the property or other assets disposed in such Asset Disposition and retained by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary after such Asset Disposition; and
 
5. any portion of the purchase price from an Asset Disposition placed in escrow, whether as a reserve for adjustment of the purchase price, for satisfaction of indemnities in respect of such Asset Disposition or otherwise in connection with that Asset Disposition; provided, however, that upon the termination of that escrow, Net Available Cash will be increased by any portion of funds in the escrow that are released to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary.


S-80


Table of Contents

Net Cash Proceeds”, with respect to any issuance or sale of Capital Stock or Indebtedness, means the cash proceeds of such issuance or sale net of attorneys’ fees, accountants’ fees, underwriters’ or placement agents’ fees, discounts or commissions and brokerage, consultant and other fees actually incurred in connection with such issuance or sale and net of taxes paid or payable as a result thereof.
 
Net Working Capital” of the Company means:
 
1. all current assets of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, except current assets from commodity price risk management activities arising in the ordinary course of business; minus
 
2. all current liabilities of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, except current liabilities included in Indebtedness (including the Notes), current liabilities from commodity price risk management activities arising in the ordinary course of business, current liabilities recorded with respect to stock-based compensation and current liabilities that constitute estimated abandonment costs pursuant to FAS 143;
 
in each case, determined in accordance with GAAP.
 
Non-Recourse Purchase Money Indebtedness” means Indebtedness (other than Capital Lease Obligations) of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary Incurred in connection with the acquisition by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary of assets used in the Oil and Gas Business (including office buildings and other real property used by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary in conducting its operations) with respect to which:
 
1. the holders of such Indebtedness agree that they will look solely to the assets so acquired that secure such Indebtedness, and except for the interest of the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, neither the Company nor any Restricted Subsidiary (a) is directly or indirectly liable for such Indebtedness or (b) provides credit support, including any undertaking, Guarantee, agreement or instrument that would constitute Indebtedness (other than the grant of a Lien on such acquired assets); and
 
2. no default or event of default with respect to such Indebtedness would cause, or permit (after notice or passage of time or otherwise), any holder of any other Indebtedness of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary to declare a default or event of default on such other Indebtedness or cause the payment, repurchase, redemption, defeasance or other acquisition or retirement for value thereof to be accelerated or payable prior to any scheduled principal payment, scheduled sinking fund payment or maturity.
 
Obligations” means, with respect to any Indebtedness, all obligations for principal, premium, interest, penalties, fees, indemnifications, reimbursements, and other amounts payable pursuant to the documentation governing such Indebtedness.
 
Officer” means the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President, the Treasurer or the Secretary of the Company.
 
Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by two Officers, which certificate shall be deemed to be, and the Trustee may rely on its being, executed and delivered by the Officers signing it on behalf of the Company.


S-81


Table of Contents

Oil and Gas Business” means:
 
1. the acquisition, exploration, exploitation, development, operation and disposition of interests in oil, natural gas, other hydrocarbon and mineral properties;
 
2. the gathering, marketing, distribution, treating, processing, storage, refining, selling and transporting of any production from such interests or properties and the marketing of oil, natural gas, other hydrocarbons and minerals obtained from unrelated Persons;
 
3. any business or activity relating to or arising from exploration for or exploitation, development, production, treatment, processing, storage, refining, transportation, gathering or marketing of oil, natural gas, other hydrocarbons and minerals and products produced in association therewith;
 
4. any other related energy business, including power generation and electrical transmission business where fuel required by such business is supplied, directly or indirectly, from oil, natural gas, other hydrocarbons and minerals produced substantially from properties in which the Company or the Restricted Subsidiaries, directly or indirectly, participate;
 
5. any business relating to oil field sales and service; and
 
6. any activity necessary, appropriate or incidental to the activities described in the preceding clauses (1) through (5) of this definition.
 
Oil and Gas Hedging Contract” means any oil and gas hedging agreement and other agreement or arrangement designed to protect the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary against fluctuations in oil and gas prices.
 
Oil and Gas Liens” means:
 
1. Liens on any specific property or any interest therein, construction thereon or improvement thereto to secure all or any part of the costs (other than Indebtedness) incurred for surveying, exploration, drilling, extraction, development, operation, production, construction, alteration, repair or improvement of, in, under or on such property and the plugging and abandonment of wells located thereon (it being understood that, in the case of oil and gas producing properties, or any interest therein, costs incurred for “development” will include costs incurred for all facilities relating to such properties or to projects, ventures or other arrangements of which such properties form a part or that relate to such properties or interests);
 
2. Liens on an oil or gas producing property to secure obligations incurred or Guarantees of obligations incurred (in each case, other than Indebtedness) in connection with or necessarily incidental to commitments for the purchase or sale of, or the transportation or distribution of, the products derived from such property;
 
3. Liens arising under partnership agreements, oil and gas leases, overriding royalty agreements, net profits agreements, production payment agreements, royalty trust agreements, incentive compensation programs on terms that are reasonably customary in the Oil and Gas Business for geologists, geophysicists and other providers of technical services to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary, farm-out agreements, farm-in agreements, division orders, contracts for the sale, purchase, exchange, transportation, gathering or processing of oil, gas or other hydrocarbons, unitizations and pooling designations, declarations, orders and agreements, development agreements, operating agreements, gas balancing or


S-82


Table of Contents

deferred production agreements, production sharing agreements, area of mutual interests agreements, injection, repressuring and recycling agreements, salt water or other disposal agreements, seismic or geophysical permits or agreements, and other agreements that are customary in the Oil and Gas Business; provided, however, that in all instances such Liens are limited to the assets that are the subject of the relevant agreement, program, order or contract;
 
4. Liens securing Production Payments and Reserve Sales; provided, however, that such Liens are limited to the property that is subject to such Production Payments and Reserve Sales, and such Production Payments and Reserve Sales either:
 
(a) were in existence on the Issue Date,
 
(b) were created in connection with the acquisition of property after the Issue Date and such Lien was incurred in connection with the financing of, and within 90 days after, the acquisition of the property subject thereto, or
 
(c) constitute Asset Sales made in compliance with the covenant entitled “—Certain covenants—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock;” and
 
5. Liens on pipelines or pipelines facilities that arise by operation of law.
 
Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion from legal counsel who is acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company or the Trustee.
 
Permitted Business Investments” means Investments made in the ordinary course of, and of a nature that is or shall have become customary in, the Oil and Gas Business, including through agreements, transactions, interests or arrangements that permit one to share risk or costs, comply with regulatory requirements regarding local ownership or satisfy other objectives customarily achieved through the conduct of the Oil and Gas Business jointly with third parties, including:
 
1. ownership of oil, natural gas, other related hydrocarbon and mineral properties or any interest therein or gathering, transportation, processing, storage or related systems; and
 
2. the entry into operating agreements, joint ventures, processing agreements, working interests, royalty interests, mineral leases, farm-in agreements, farm-out agreements, development agreements, production sharing agreements, area of mutual interest agreements, contracts for the sale, transportation or exchange of oil and natural gas and related hydrocarbons and minerals, unitization agreements, pooling arrangements, joint bidding agreements, service contracts, partnership agreements (whether general or limited), or other similar or customary agreements (including for limited liability companies), transactions, properties, interests or arrangements, and Investments and expenditures in connection therewith or pursuant thereto, in each case made or entered into in the ordinary course of the Oil and Gas Business, excluding however, Investments in corporations.
 
Permitted Investment” means an Investment by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary in:
 
1. the Company, a Restricted Subsidiary or a Person that will, upon the making of such Investment, become a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that the primary business of such Person or Restricted Subsidiary is a Related Business;


S-83


Table of Contents

2. another Person if, as a result of such Investment, such other Person is merged or consolidated with or into, or transfers or conveys all or substantially all its assets to, the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that such Person’s primary business is a Related Business;
 
3. cash and Temporary Cash Investments;
 
4. receivables owing to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary if created or acquired in the ordinary course of business and payable or dischargeable in accordance with customary trade terms; provided, however, that such trade terms may include such concessionary trade terms as the Company or any such Restricted Subsidiary deems reasonable under the circumstances;
 
5. payroll, commissions, travel and similar advances to cover matters that are expected at the time of such advances ultimately to be treated as expenses for accounting purposes and that are made in the ordinary course of business;
 
6. loans or advances to employees made in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practices of the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary;
 
7. stock, obligations or securities received in settlement of debts created in the ordinary course of business and owing to the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary or in satisfaction of judgments;
 
8. any Person to the extent such Investment represents the non-cash portion of the consideration received for (A) an Asset Disposition as permitted pursuant to the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on sales of assets and subsidiary stock” or (B) a disposition of assets not constituting an Asset Disposition;
 
9. any Person where such Investment was acquired by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (A) in exchange for any other Investment or accounts receivable held by the Company or any such Restricted Subsidiary in connection with or as a result of a bankruptcy, workout, reorganization or recapitalization of the issuer of such other Investment or accounts receivable or (B) as a result of a foreclosure by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries with respect to any secured Investment or other transfer of title with respect to any secured Investment in default;
 
10. any Person to the extent such Investments consist of prepaid expenses, negotiable instruments held for collection and lease, utility and workers’ compensation, performance and other similar deposits made in the ordinary course of business by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary;
 
11. any Person to the extent such Investments consist of Hedging Obligations otherwise permitted under the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on indebtedness”;
 
12. any Person to the extent such Investment exists on the Issue Date, and any extension, modification or renewal of any such Investments existing on the Issue Date, but only to the extent not involving additional advances, contributions or other Investments of cash or other assets or other increases thereof (other than as a result of the accrual or accretion of interest or original issue discount or the issuance of pay-in-kind securities, in each case, pursuant to the terms of such Investment as in effect on the Issue Date);


S-84


Table of Contents

13. Guarantees of performance or other obligations (other than Indebtedness) arising in the ordinary course in the Oil and Gas Business, including obligations under oil and natural gas exploration, development, joint operating and related agreements and licenses or concessions related to the Oil and Gas Business;
 
14. any Person to the extent such Investments are made solely with or in exchange for Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company;
 
15. Permitted Business Investments; and
 
16. Persons to the extent such Investments, when taken together with all other Investments made pursuant to this clause (16) and outstanding on the date such Investment is made, do not exceed $10.0 million.
 
Permitted Liens” means, with respect to any Person:
 
1. pledges or deposits by such Person under worker’s compensation laws, unemployment insurance laws or similar legislation, or good faith deposits in connection with bids, tenders, contracts (other than for the payment of Indebtedness) or leases to which such Person is a party, or deposits to secure public or statutory obligations of such Person or deposits of cash or United States government bonds to secure surety or appeal bonds or bonds of a similar nature to which such Person is a party, or deposits as security for contested taxes or import duties or for the payment of rent, in each case Incurred in the ordinary course of business;
 
2. Liens incurred in the ordinary course of business (other than in connection with Indebtedness) or imposed by law, such as carriers’, warehousemen’s and mechanics’ Liens, in each case for sums not yet due or being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings or other Liens arising out of judgments or awards against such Person with respect to which such Person shall then be proceeding with an appeal or other proceedings for review, Liens to the extent arising by virtue of any statutory or common law provision relating to banker’s Liens, rights of set-off or similar rights and remedies as to deposit accounts or other funds maintained with a creditor depository institution; provided, however, that (A) such deposit account is not a dedicated cash collateral account and is not subject to restrictions against access by the Company in excess of those set forth by regulations promulgated by the Federal Reserve Board and (B) such deposit account is not intended by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary to provide collateral to the depository institution;
 
3. Liens for taxes, assessments and governmental charges not yet subject to penalties for nonpayment or which are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings;
 
4. Liens in favor of issuers of surety bonds or letters of credit issued pursuant to the request of and for the account of such Person in the ordinary course of its business; provided, however, that such letters of credit do not constitute Indebtedness;
 
5. minor survey exceptions, minor encumbrances, easements or reservations of, or rights of others for, licenses, rights-of-way, sewers, electric lines, telegraph and telephone lines and other similar purposes, or zoning or other restrictions as to the use of property or Liens incidental to the conduct of the business of such Person or to the ownership of its properties which were not Incurred in connection with Indebtedness and which do not in the aggregate materially adversely affect the value of said properties or materially impair their use in the operation of the business of such Person;


S-85


Table of Contents

6. Liens securing Indebtedness Incurred to finance the construction, purchase or lease of, or repairs, improvements or additions to, property, plant or equipment of such Person; provided, however, that the Lien may not extend to any other property owned by such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries at the time the Lien is Incurred (other than assets and property affixed or appurtenant thereto), and the Indebtedness (other than any interest thereon) secured by the Lien may not be Incurred more than 180 days after the later of the acquisition, completion of construction, repair, improvement, addition or commencement of full operation of the property subject to the Lien;
 
7. Liens to secure Indebtedness and related Obligations permitted under the provisions described in clause (b)(1) under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on indebtedness”;
 
8. Liens existing on the Issue Date;
 
9. Liens on property or shares of Capital Stock of another Person at the time such other Person becomes a Subsidiary of such Person; provided, however, that the Liens may not extend to any other property owned by such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (other than assets and property affixed or appurtenant thereto);
 
10. Liens on property at the time such Person or any of its Subsidiaries acquires the property, including any acquisition by means of a merger or consolidation with or into such Person or a Subsidiary of such Person; provided, however, that the Liens may not extend to any other property owned by such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (other than assets and property affixed or appurtenant thereto);
 
11. Liens securing Indebtedness or other obligations of a Subsidiary of such Person owing to such Person or a Restricted Subsidiary of such Person;
 
12. Liens securing Hedging Obligations so long as such Hedging Obligations are permitted to be Incurred under the Indenture;
 
13. Oil and Gas Liens;
 
14. Liens to secure any Refinancing (or successive Refinancings) as a whole, or in part, of any Indebtedness secured by any Lien referred to in the foregoing clause (6), (8), (9) or (10); provided, however, that:
 
(A) such new Lien shall be limited to all or part of the same property and assets that secured or, under the written agreements pursuant to which the original Lien arose, could secure the original Lien (plus improvements and accessions to, such property or proceeds or distributions thereof); and
 
(B) the Indebtedness secured by such Lien at such time is not increased to any amount greater than the sum of (i) the outstanding principal amount or, if greater, committed amount of the Indebtedness described under clause (6), (8), (9) or (10) at the time the original Lien became a Permitted Lien and (ii) an amount necessary to pay any fees and expenses, including premiums, related to such refinancing, refunding, extension, renewal or replacement; and
 
15. Liens securing Indebtedness in an amount which, together with the aggregate outstanding amount of all other Indebtedness secured by Liens Incurred pursuant to this clause (15), does not exceed the greater of (A) $5.0 million and (B) 1.0% of ACNTA.


S-86


Table of Contents

Notwithstanding the foregoing, “Permitted Liens” will not include any Lien described in clause (6), (9) or (10) above to the extent such Lien applies to any Additional Assets or capital expenditures acquired directly or indirectly from Net Available Cash pursuant to the covenant described under ‘‘—Certain covenants—Limitation on sale of assets and subsidiary stock”. For purposes of this definition, the term “Indebtedness” shall be deemed to include interest on, and fees and expenses incurred in connection with, such Indebtedness.
 
Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, government or any agency or political subdivision thereof or any other entity.
 
PetroQuest L.L.C.” means PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C., a Louisiana limited liability company, and its successors.
 
Preferred Stock”, as applied to the Capital Stock of any Person, means Capital Stock of any class or classes (however designated) which is preferred as to the payment of dividends or distributions, or as to the distribution of assets upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation or dissolution of such Person, over shares of Capital Stock of any other class of such Person.
 
Principal” of a Note means the principal of the Note plus the premium, if any, payable on the Note which is due or overdue or is to become due at the relevant time.
 
Production Payments” means, collectively, Dollar-Denominated Production Payments and Volumetric Production Payments.
 
Production Payments and Reserve Sales” means the grant or transfer to any Person of a Dollar-Denominated Production Payment, Volumetric Production Payment, royalty, overriding royalty, net profits interest, master limited partnership interest or other interest in oil and natural gas properties, reserves or the right to receive all or a portion of the production or the proceeds from the sale of production attributable to such properties or reserves.
 
Refinance” means, in respect of any Indebtedness, to refinance, extend, renew, refund, repay, prepay, purchase, redeem, defease or retire, or to issue other Indebtedness in exchange or replacement for, such Indebtedness. “Refinanced” and “Refinancing” shall have correlative meanings.
 
Refinancing Indebtedness” means Indebtedness that Refinances any Indebtedness of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary existing on the Issue Date or Incurred in compliance with the Indenture, including Indebtedness that Refinances Refinancing Indebtedness; provided, however, that:
 
1. (a) if the Stated Maturity of the Indebtedness being Refinanced is earlier than the Stated Maturity of the Notes, the Refinancing Indebtedness has a Stated Maturity no earlier than the Stated Maturity of the Indebtedness being Refinanced and (b) if the Stated Maturity of the Indebtedness being refinanced is later than the Stated Maturity of the Notes, the Refinancing Indebtedness has a Stated Maturity at least 91 days later than the Stated Maturity of the Notes;
 
2. such Refinancing Indebtedness has an Average Life at the time such Refinancing Indebtedness is Incurred that is equal to or greater than the Average Life of the Indebtedness being Refinanced;


S-87


Table of Contents

3. the amount of such Indebtedness that may be deemed Refinancing Indebtedness shall not exceed the aggregate principal amount (or if Incurred with original issue discount, an aggregate issue price) that is equal to or less than the aggregate principal amount (or if Incurred with original issue discount, the aggregate accreted value) then outstanding (plus fees and expenses, including any premium (including any premium paid in connection with a tender offer for such Indebtedness) and defeasance costs) under the Indebtedness being Refinanced; and
 
4. if the Indebtedness being Refinanced is subordinate in right of payment to the Notes, such Refinancing Indebtedness is subordinate in right of payment to the Notes at least to the same extent as the Indebtedness being Refinanced; provided further, however, that Refinancing Indebtedness shall not include (A) Indebtedness of a Subsidiary that Refinances Indebtedness of the Company or (B) Indebtedness of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary that Refinances Indebtedness of an Unrestricted Subsidiary.
 
Related Business” means any Oil and Gas Business in which the Company or any of the Restricted Subsidiaries was engaged on the Issue Date and any business related, ancillary or complementary to such business.
 
Restricted Payment” with respect to any Person means:
 
1. the declaration or payment of any dividends or any other distributions of any sort in respect of its Capital Stock (including any payment in respect of its Capital Stock in connection with any merger or consolidation involving such Person) or similar payment to the direct or indirect holders of its Capital Stock (other than (A) dividends or distributions payable solely in its Capital Stock (other than Disqualified Stock), (B) dividends or distributions payable solely to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary and (C) pro rata dividends or other distributions made by a Subsidiary that is not a Wholly Owned Subsidiary to minority stockholders (or owners of an equivalent interest in the case of a Subsidiary that is an entity other than a corporation));
 
2. the purchase, repurchase, redemption, defeasance or other acquisition or retirement for value of any Capital Stock of the Company held by any Person (other than by a Restricted Subsidiary) or of any Capital Stock of a Restricted Subsidiary held by any Affiliate of the Company (other than by a Restricted Subsidiary), including in connection with any merger or consolidation and including the exercise of any option to exchange any Capital Stock (other than into Capital Stock of the Company that is not Disqualified Stock);
 
3. the purchase, repurchase, redemption, defeasance or other acquisition or retirement for value, prior to scheduled maturity, scheduled repayment or scheduled sinking fund payment of any Subordinated Obligations of the Company or of any Subsidiary Guarantor (other than the purchase, repurchase, redemption, defeasance or other acquisition or retirement of (A) Indebtedness owed to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary and Incurred pursuant to clause (2) of paragraph (b) of the covenant described under “—Limitations on indebtedness,” or (B) Subordinated Obligations purchased in anticipation of satisfying a sinking fund obligation, principal installment or final maturity, in each case due within one year of the date of such purchase, repurchase, redemption, defeasance or other acquisition or retirement); or
 
4. the making of any Investment (other than a Permitted Investment) in any Person.


S-88


Table of Contents

Restricted Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary of the Company that is not an Unrestricted Subsidiary.
 
Sale/Leaseback Transaction” means an arrangement relating to property owned by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary on the Issue Date or thereafter acquired by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary whereby the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary transfers such property to a Person and the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary leases it from such Person.
 
SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
Securities Act” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
 
Senior Indebtedness” means with respect to any Person:
 
1. Indebtedness of such Person, whether outstanding on the Issue Date or thereafter Incurred; and
 
2. all other Obligations of such Person (including interest accruing on or after the filing of any petition in bankruptcy or for reorganization relating to such Person whether or not post-filing interest is allowed in such proceeding) in respect of Indebtedness described in clause (1) above
 
unless, in the case of clauses (1) and (2), in the instrument creating or evidencing the same or pursuant to which the same is outstanding, it is provided that such Indebtedness or other obligations are subordinate in right of payment to the Notes or the Subsidiary Guaranty of such Person, as the case may be; provided, however, that Senior Indebtedness shall not include:
 
(A) any obligation of such Person to the Company or any Subsidiary;
 
(B) any liability for Federal, state, local or other taxes owed or owing by such Person;
 
(C) any accounts payable or other liability to trade creditors arising in the ordinary course of business;
 
(D) any Indebtedness or other Obligation of such Person which is subordinate or junior in right of payment to any other Indebtedness or other Obligation of such Person; or
 
(E) that portion of any Indebtedness which at the time of Incurrence is Incurred in violation of the Indenture.
 
Significant Subsidiary” means any Restricted Subsidiary that would be a “Significant Subsidiary” of the Company within the meaning of Rule 1-02 under Regulation S-X promulgated by the SEC.
 
Standard & Poor’s” means Standard & Poor’s, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., and any successor to its rating agency business.
 
Stated Maturity” means, with respect to any security, the date specified in such security as the fixed date on which the final payment of principal of such security is due and payable, including pursuant to any mandatory redemption provision (but excluding any provision providing for the repurchase of such security at the option of the holder thereof upon the happening of any contingency unless such contingency has occurred).
 
Subordinated Obligation” means, with respect to a Person, any Indebtedness of such Person (whether outstanding on the Issue Date or thereafter Incurred) which is subordinate or junior in


S-89


Table of Contents

right of payment to the Notes or a Subsidiary Guaranty of such Person, as the case may be, pursuant to a written agreement to that effect.
 
Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, any corporation, association, partnership or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Voting Stock is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by:
 
1. such Person;
 
2. such Person and one or more Subsidiaries of such Person; or
 
3. one or more Subsidiaries of such Person.
 
Subsidiary Guarantor” means each Restricted Subsidiary of the Company that executes the Indenture as a guarantor on the Issue Date and each other Restricted Subsidiary of the Company that thereafter guarantees the Notes pursuant to the terms of the Indenture.
 
Subsidiary Guaranty” means a Guarantee by a Subsidiary Guarantor of the Company’s obligations with respect to the Notes.
 
Temporary Cash Investments” means any of the following:
 
1. any investment in direct obligations of the United States of America or any agency thereof or obligations guaranteed by the United States of America or any agency thereof;
 
2. investments in demand and time deposit accounts, certificates of deposit and money market deposits maturing within 270 days of the date of acquisition thereof issued by a bank or trust company which is organized under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof or any foreign country recognized by the United States of America, and which bank or trust company has capital, surplus and undivided profits aggregating in excess of $50.0 million (or the foreign currency equivalent thereof) and has outstanding debt which is rated “A” (or such similar equivalent rating) or higher by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization (as defined in Rule 436 under the Securities Act) or any money-market fund sponsored by a registered broker dealer or mutual fund distributor;
 
3. repurchase obligations with a term of not more than 180 days for underlying securities of the types described in clause (1) above entered into with a bank meeting the qualifications described in clause (2) above;
 
4. investments in commercial paper, maturing not more than 180 days after the date of acquisition, issued by a corporation (other than an Affiliate of the Company) organized and in existence under the laws of the United States of America or any foreign country recognized by the United States of America with a rating at the time as of which any investment therein is made of “P-1” (or higher) according to Moody’s or “A-1” (or higher) according to Standard and Poor’s;
 
5. investments in securities with maturities of nine months or less from the date of acquisition issued or fully guaranteed by any state, commonwealth or territory of the United States of America, or by any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof, and rated at least “A” by Standard & Poor’s or “A” by Moody’s; and
 
6. investments in money market funds that invest substantially all their assets in securities of the types described in clauses (1) through (5) above.


S-90


Table of Contents

Trustee” means The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. until a successor replaces it and, thereafter, means the successor.
 
Trust Indenture Act” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S.C. §§ 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the Issue Date.
 
Trust Officer” means the Chairman of the Board, the President or any other officer or assistant officer of the Trustee assigned by the Trustee to administer its corporate trust matters.
 
Unrestricted Subsidiary” means:
 
1. PetroQuest Oil & Gas L.L.C. and any Subsidiary of the Company that at the time of determination shall be designated an Unrestricted Subsidiary by the Board of Directors in the manner provided below; and
 
2. any Subsidiary of an Unrestricted Subsidiary.
 
The Board of Directors may designate any Subsidiary of the Company (including any newly acquired or newly formed Subsidiary but excluding PetroQuest L.L.C.) to be an Unrestricted Subsidiary unless such Subsidiary or any of its Subsidiaries owns any Capital Stock or Indebtedness of, or holds any Lien on any property of, the Company or any other Subsidiary of the Company that is not a Subsidiary of the Subsidiary to be so designated; provided, however, that either (A) the Subsidiary to be so designated has total assets of $1,000 or less or (B) if such Subsidiary has assets greater than $1,000, such designation would be permitted under the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on restricted payments”.
 
The Board of Directors may designate any Unrestricted Subsidiary to be a Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that immediately after giving effect to such designation (A) the Company could Incur $1.00 of additional Indebtedness under paragraph (a) of the covenant described under “—Certain covenants—Limitation on indebtedness” and (B) no Default shall have occurred and be continuing. Any such designation by the Board of Directors shall be evidenced to the Trustee by promptly filing with the Trustee a copy of the resolution of the Board of Directors giving effect to such designation and an Officers’ Certificate certifying that such designation complied with the foregoing provisions.
 
U.S. Government Obligations” means direct obligations (or certificates representing an ownership interest in such obligations) of the United States of America (including any agency or instrumentality thereof) for the payment of which the full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged and which are not callable at the issuer’s option.
 
Volumetric Production Payments” means production payment obligations recorded as deferred revenue in accordance with GAAP, together with all undertakings and obligations in connection therewith.
 
Voting Stock” of a Person means all classes of Capital Stock of such Person then outstanding and normally entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof.
 
Wholly Owned Subsidiary” means a Restricted Subsidiary all the Capital Stock of which (other than directors’ qualifying shares) is owned by the Company or one or more other Wholly Owned Subsidiaries.


S-91


Table of Contents

Book-entry, delivery and form
 
Except as set forth below, the notes will be issued in registered, global form in minimum denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000. The notes will be issued at the closing of this offering only against payment in immediately available funds.
 
The notes initially will be represented by one or more global notes in registered form without interest coupons, which we refer to as the Global Notes. The Global Notes will be deposited upon issuance with the Trustee as custodian for The Depository Trust Company, or DTC, and registered in the name of DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., in each case for credit to an account of a direct or indirect participant in DTC as described below.
 
Except as set forth below, the Global Notes may be transferred, in whole and not in part, only to another nominee of DTC or to a successor of DTC or its nominee. Beneficial interests in the Global Notes may not be exchanged for notes in certificated form except in the limited circumstances described below. See “—Exchange of global notes for certificated notes.” Except in the limited circumstances described below, owners of beneficial interests in the Global Notes will not be entitled to receive physical delivery of notes in certificated form. Transfers of beneficial interests in the Global Notes will be subject to the applicable rules and procedures of DTC and its direct or indirect participants, which may change from time to time.
 
Depository procedures
 
All interest in the Global Notes will be subject to the operations and procedures of DTC. The following description of the operations and procedures of DTC is provided solely as a matter of convenience. These operations and procedures are solely within the control of DTC and are subject to changes by DTC at any time. Neither we nor the underwriters take responsibility for these operations and procedures and urge investors to contact DTC or its participants directly to discuss these matters.
 
DTC has advised us that DTC is a limited-purpose trust company, organized under the laws of the State of New York, created to hold securities for its participating organizations, which we refer to as the Participants, and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of transactions in those securities between Participants through electronic book entry changes in accounts of its Participants. The Participants include securities brokers and dealers (including the underwriters), banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations. Access to DTC’s system is also available to other entities such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Participant, either directly or indirectly, which we refer to as the Indirect Participants. Persons who are not Participants may beneficially own securities held by or on behalf of DTC only through the Participants or the Indirect Participants. The ownership interests in, and transfers of ownership interests in, each security held by or on behalf of DTC are recorded on the records of the Participants and Indirect Participants.
 
DTC has also advised us that, pursuant to procedures established by it:
 
(1) upon deposit of the Global Notes, DTC will credit the accounts of Participants designated by the underwriters with portions of the principal amount of the Global Notes; and
 
(2) ownership of these interests in the Global Notes will be shown on, and the transfer of ownership of these interests will be effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with


S-92


Table of Contents

respect to the Participants) or by the Participants and the Indirect Participants (with respect to other owners of beneficial interests in the Global Notes).
 
Investors in the Global Notes who are Participants in DTC’s system may hold their interests therein directly through DTC. Investors in the Global Notes who are not Participants may hold their interests therein indirectly through organizations which are Participants in such system. All interests in a Global Note may be subject to the procedures and requirements of DTC. The laws of some states require that certain persons take physical delivery in definitive form of securities that they own. Consequently, the ability to transfer beneficial interests in a Global Note to such persons will be limited to that extent. Because DTC can act only on behalf of Participants, which in turn act on behalf of Indirect Participants, the ability of a person having beneficial interests in a Global Note to pledge such interests to persons that do not participate in the DTC system, or otherwise take actions in respect of such interests, may be affected by the lack of a physical certificate evidencing such interests.
 
Except as described below, owners of an interest in the Global Notes will not have notes registered in their names, will not receive physical delivery of notes in certificated form and will not be considered the registered owners or “Holders” thereof under the indenture governing the notes for any purpose.
 
Payments in respect of the principal of, and interest and premium, if any, on a Global Note registered in the name of DTC or its nominee will be payable to DTC in its capacity as the registered Holder under the indenture governing the notes. Under the terms of the indenture governing the notes, we and the Trustee will treat the persons in whose names the notes, including the Global Notes, are registered as the owners of the notes for the purpose of receiving payments and for all other purposes. Consequently, neither we, the Trustee nor any agent of ours or the Trustee has or will have any responsibility or liability for:
 
(1) any aspect of DTC’s records or any Participant’s or Indirect Participant’s records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in the Global Notes or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any of DTC’s records or any Participant’s or Indirect Participant’s records relating to the beneficial ownership interests in the Global Notes; or
 
(2) any other matter relating to the actions and practices of DTC or any of its Participants or Indirect Participants.
 
DTC has advised us that its current practice, upon receipt of any payment in respect of securities such as the notes (including principal and interest), is to credit the account of the relevant Participants with the payment on the payment date unless DTC has reason to believe it will not receive payment on such payment date. Each relevant Participant is credited with an amount proportionate to its beneficial ownership of an interest in the principal amount of the relevant security as shown on the records of DTC. Payments by the Participants and the Indirect Participants to the beneficial owners of notes will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices and will be the responsibility of the Participants or the Indirect Participants and will not be the responsibility of DTC, the Trustee or us. Neither we nor the Trustee will be liable for any delay by DTC or any of its Participants in identifying the beneficial owners of the notes, and we and the Trustee may conclusively rely on and will be protected in relying on instructions from DTC or its nominee for all purposes.
 
Transfers between Participants in DTC will be effected in accordance with DTC’s procedures and will be settled in same-day funds.


S-93


Table of Contents

DTC has advised us that it will take any action permitted to be taken by a Holder of notes only at the direction of one or more Participants to whose account DTC has credited the interests in the Global Notes and only in respect of such portion of the aggregate principal amount of the notes as to which such Participant or Participants has or have given such direction. However, if there is an event of default under the notes, DTC reserves the right to exchange the Global Notes for legended notes in certificated form and to distribute such notes to its Participants.
 
Neither we, the Trustee nor any of our or its respective agents will have any responsibility for the performance by DTC or its Participants or Indirect Participants of their respective obligations under the rules and procedures governing their operations.
 
DTC has agreed to the above procedures to facilitate transfers of interests in the Global Notes among Participants. However, DTC is not obligated to perform these procedures and may discontinue or change these procedures at any time. Neither we nor the Trustee will have any responsibility for the performance by DTC or its Participants or Indirect Participants of their obligations under the rules and procedures governing its operations.
 
Exchange of global notes for certificated notes
 
Global Notes will be exchangeable for certificated notes if:
 
(1) DTC (a) notifies us that it is unwilling or unable to continue as depositary for the Global Notes or (b) has ceased to be a clearing agency registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and, in each case, a successor depositary is not appointed by us within 120 days;
 
(2) we, at our option, notify the Trustee in writing that we elect to cause the issuance of the certificated notes; or
 
(3) there has occurred and is continuing an event of default with respect to the notes.
 
In addition, beneficial interests in a Global Note may be exchanged for certificated notes upon prior written notice given to the Trustee by or on behalf of DTC in accordance with the indenture governing the notes. In all cases, certificated notes delivered in exchange for any Global Note or beneficial interests in Global Notes will be registered in the names, and issued in any approved denominations, requested by or on behalf of the depositary (in accordance with its customary procedures).
 
Same day settlement and payment
 
We will make payments in respect of the notes represented by the Global Notes (including principal, premium, if any, and interest) by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the accounts specified by the Global Note Holder. We will make all payments of principal, interest and premium, if any, with respect to certificated notes by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the accounts specified by the Holders of the certificated notes or, if no such account is specified, by mailing a check to each such Holder’s registered address. The notes represented by the Global Notes are expected to be eligible to trade in DTC’s Same Day Funds Settlement System, and any permitted secondary market trading activity in such notes will, therefore, be required by DTC to be settled in immediately available funds. We expect that secondary trading in any certificated notes will also be settled in immediately available funds.


S-94


Table of Contents

 
Certain United States federal income and estate tax considerations
 
The following discussion summarizes certain U.S. federal income tax considerations and, in the case of a non-U.S. holder (as defined below), U.S. federal estate tax considerations, that may be relevant to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of the notes. This discussion is based upon the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial authority and administrative interpretations, as of the date of this document, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect, or are subject to different interpretations. We cannot assure you that the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, will not challenge one or more of the tax consequences described in this discussion, and we have not obtained, nor do we intend to obtain, a ruling from the IRS or an opinion of counsel with respect to the U.S. federal tax consequences of acquiring, holding or disposing of the notes.
 
This discussion is limited to holders who purchase the notes in this offering for a price equal to the issue price of the notes (i.e., the first price at which a substantial amount of the notes is sold other than to bond houses, brokers or similar persons or organizations acting in the capacity of underwriters, placement agents or wholesalers) and who hold the notes as capital assets (generally, property held for investment). This discussion does not address the tax considerations arising under the laws of any foreign, state, local or other jurisdiction. In addition, this discussion does not address all tax considerations that may be important to a particular holder in light of the holder’s circumstances, or to certain categories of investors that may be subject to special rules, such as:
 
•  dealers in securities or currencies;
 
•  traders in securities that have elected the mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities;
 
•  U.S. holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar;
 
•  persons holding notes as part of a hedge, straddle, conversion or other “synthetic security” or integrated transaction;
 
•  certain U.S. expatriates;
 
•  financial institutions;
 
•  insurance companies;
 
•  regulated investment companies;
 
•  real estate investment trusts;
 
•  persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;
 
•  entities that are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and
 
•  partnerships and other pass-through entities and holders of interests therein.
 
If a partnership (or an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds notes, the tax treatment of a partner of the partnership generally will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner of a partnership


S-95


Table of Contents

acquiring the notes, you are urged to consult your own tax advisor about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of acquiring, holding and disposing of the notes.
 
INVESTORS CONSIDERING THE PURCHASE OF NOTES ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OF THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AS WELL AS ANY TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP OR DISPOSITION OF THE NOTES UNDER U.S. FEDERAL ESTATE OR GIFT TAX LAWS OR UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY STATE, LOCAL OR FOREIGN JURISDICTION OR UNDER ANY APPLICABLE TAX TREATY.
 
In certain circumstances (see “Description of the notes—Optional redemption” and “—Change of control”), we may elect to or be obligated to pay amounts on the notes that are in excess of stated interest or principal on the notes. We do not intend to treat the possibility of paying such additional amounts as causing the notes to be treated as contingent payment debt instruments. However, additional income will be recognized if any such additional payment is made. It is possible that the IRS may take a different position, in which case a holder might be required to accrue interest income at a higher rate than the stated interest rate and to treat as ordinary interest income any gain realized on the taxable disposition of the note. The remainder of this discussion assumes that the notes will not be treated as contingent payment debt instruments. Investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the possible application of the contingent payment debt instrument rules to the notes.
 
Tax consequences to U.S. holders
 
You are a “U.S. holder” for purposes of this discussion if you are a beneficial owner of a note and you are for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
 
•  an individual who is a U.S. citizen or U.S. resident alien;
 
•  a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, that was created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;
 
•  an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
 
•  a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or that has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations to be treated as a United States person.
 
Stated interest on the notes
 
Stated interest on the notes generally will be taxable to you as ordinary income at the time it is received or accrued in accordance with your regular method of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
 
Disposition of the notes
 
You will generally recognize capital gain or loss on the sale, redemption, exchange, retirement or other taxable disposition of a note. This gain or loss will equal the difference between the proceeds you receive (excluding any proceeds attributable to accrued but unpaid stated interest,


S-96


Table of Contents

which will be recognized as ordinary interest income to the extent you have not previously included such amounts in income) and your adjusted tax basis in the note. The proceeds you receive will include the amount of any cash and the fair market value of any other property received for the note. Your adjusted tax basis in the note will generally equal the amount you paid for the note. The gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if you held the note for more than one year at the time of the sale, redemption, exchange, retirement or other disposition. Long-term capital gains of individuals, estates and trusts generally are subject to a reduced rate of U.S. federal income tax. The deductibility of capital losses may be subject to limitation.
 
Information reporting and backup withholding
 
Information reporting generally will apply to payments of principal and interest on, and the proceeds of the sale or other disposition (including a retirement or redemption) of, notes held by you unless, in each case, you are an exempt recipient such as a corporation. Backup withholding may apply to such payments unless you provide the appropriate intermediary with a taxpayer identification number, certified under penalties of perjury, as well as certain other information. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amount withheld under the backup withholding rules is allowable as a credit against your U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, and a refund may be obtained if the amounts withheld exceed your actual U.S. federal income tax liability and you timely provide the required information or appropriate claim form to the IRS.
 
Tax consequences to non-U.S. holders
 
Except as otherwise modified for U.S. federal estate tax purposes, you are a “non-U.S. holder” for purposes of this discussion if you are a beneficial owner of notes that is an individual, corporation, estate or trust and you are not a U.S. holder.
 
Interest and withholding tax on the notes
 
Payments to you of interest on the notes generally will be exempt from U.S. federal withholding tax under the “portfolio interest” exemption if you properly certify as to your foreign status as described below, and:
 
•  you do not own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our stock entitled to vote;
 
•  you are not a “controlled foreign corporation” that is related to us (actually or constructively) through stock ownership;
 
•  you are not a bank whose receipt of interest on the notes is in connection with an extension of credit made pursuant to a loan agreement entered into in the ordinary course of your trade or business; and
 
•  interest on the notes is not effectively connected with your conduct of a U.S. trade or business.
 
The portfolio interest exemption and several of the special rules for non-U.S. holders described below generally apply only if you appropriately certify as to your foreign status. You can generally meet this certification requirement by providing a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN


S-97


Table of Contents

or appropriate substitute form to us, or our paying agent. If you hold the notes through a financial institution or other agent acting on your behalf, you may be required to provide appropriate certifications to the agent. Your agent will then generally be required to provide appropriate certifications to us or our paying agent, either directly or through other intermediaries. Special rules apply to foreign partnerships, estates and trusts, and in certain circumstances certifications as to foreign status of partners, trust owners or beneficiaries may have to be provided to us or our paying agent. In addition, special rules apply to qualified intermediaries that enter into withholding agreements with the IRS.
 
If you cannot satisfy the requirements described above, payments of interest made to you will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a 30% rate, unless you provide us or our paying agent with a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN (or successor form) claiming an exemption from (or a reduction of) withholding under the benefit of a tax treaty (in which case, you generally will be required to provide a U.S. taxpayer identification number), or the payments of interest are effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are treated as attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by you in the United States) and you meet the certification requirements described below. (See “—Income or gain effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business.”)
 
Disposition of notes
 
You generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain realized on the sale, redemption, exchange, retirement or other taxable disposition of a note unless:
 
•  the gain is effectively connected with the conduct by you of a U.S. trade or business (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is treated as attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by you in the United States); or
 
•  you are an individual who has been present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of disposition and certain other requirements are met.
 
If you are a non-U.S. holder described in the first bullet point above, you generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in the manner described under “—Income or gain effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business”. If you are a non-U.S. holder described in the second bullet point above, you will be subject to a flat 30% U.S. federal income tax on the gain derived from the sale or other disposition, which may be offset by U.S. source capital losses.
 
Income or gain effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business
 
If any interest on the notes or gain from the sale, redemption, exchange or other taxable disposition of the notes is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business conducted by you (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is treated as attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by you in the United States), then the income or gain will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular graduated income tax rates in generally the same manner as if you were a U.S. holder. Effectively connected interest income will not be subject to U.S. withholding tax if you satisfy certain certification requirements by providing to us or our paying agent a properly executed IRS Form W-8ECI (or successor form). If you are a corporation, that portion of your earnings and profits that is effectively connected with your U.S. trade or business may also be subject to a “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate, although an applicable income tax treaty may provide for a lower rate.


S-98


Table of Contents

Information reporting and backup withholding
 
Payments to you of interest on a note, and amounts withheld from such payments, if any, generally will be required to be reported to the IRS and to you.
 
United States backup withholding generally will not apply to payments to you of interest on a note if the certification requirements described in “Tax consequences to non-U.S. holders—Interest and withholding tax on the notes” are met or you otherwise establish an exemption, provided that we do not have actual knowledge or reason to know that you are a United States person.
 
Payment of the proceeds of a disposition (including a retirement or redemption) of a note effected by the U.S. office of a U.S. or foreign broker will be subject to information reporting requirements and backup withholding unless you properly certify under penalties of perjury as to your foreign status and certain other conditions are met or you otherwise establish an exemption. Information reporting requirements and backup withholding generally will not apply to any payment of the proceeds of the disposition of a note effected outside the United States by a foreign office of a broker. However, unless such a broker has documentary evidence in its records that you are a non-U.S. holder and certain other conditions are met, or you otherwise establish an exemption, information reporting will apply to a payment of the proceeds of the disposition of a note effected outside the United States by such a broker if it:
 
•  is a United States person;
 
•  is a foreign person that derives 50% or more of its gross income for certain periods from the conduct of a trade or business in the United States;
 
•  is a controlled foreign corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes; or
 
•  is a foreign partnership that, at any time during its taxable year, has more than 50% of its income or capital interests owned by United States persons or is engaged in the conduct of a U.S. trade or business.
 
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amount withheld under the backup withholding rules is allowable as a credit against your U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, and a refund may be obtained if the amounts withheld exceed your actual U.S. federal income tax liability and you timely provide the required information or appropriate claim form to the IRS.
 
U.S. federal estate tax
 
If you are an individual and are not a resident of the United States (as specially defined for U.S. federal estate tax purposes) at the time of your death, the notes will not be included in your estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes provided, at the time of your death, interest on the notes qualifies for the portfolio interest exemption under the rules described above without regard to the certification requirement.
 
THE PRECEDING DISCUSSION OF CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME AND ESTATE TAX CONSIDERATIONS IS FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY AND IS NOT TAX ADVICE. WE URGE EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR TO CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE PARTICULAR FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND FOREIGN TAX CONSEQUENCES OF PURCHASING, HOLDING AND DISPOSING OF OUR NOTES, INCLUDING THE CONSEQUENCES OF ANY PROPOSED CHANGE IN APPLICABLE LAWS.


S-99


Table of Contents

Certain ERISA considerations
 
The following is a summary of certain considerations associated with the purchase of the notes by employee benefit plans that are subject to Title I of the U.S. Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), plans, individual retirement accounts and other arrangements that are subject to Section 4975 of the Code or provisions under any other federal, state, local, non-U.S. or other laws or regulations that are similar to such provisions of ERISA or the Code (collectively, “Similar Laws”), and entities whose underlying assets are considered to include “plan assets” of any such plan, account or arrangement (each, a “Plan”).
 
General fiduciary matters
 
ERISA and the Code impose certain duties on persons who are fiduciaries of a Plan subject to Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code (an “ERISA Plan”) and prohibit certain transactions involving the assets of an ERISA Plan and its fiduciaries or other interested parties. Under ERISA and the Code, any person who exercises any discretionary authority or control over the administration of such an ERISA Plan or the management or disposition of the assets of such an ERISA Plan, or who renders investment advice for a fee or other compensation to such an ERISA Plan, is generally considered to be a fiduciary of the ERISA Plan.
 
In considering an investment in the notes of a portion of the assets of any Plan, a fiduciary should determine whether the investment is in accordance with the documents and instruments governing the Plan and the applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code or any Similar Law relating to a fiduciary’s duties to the Plan including, without limitation, the prudence, diversification, delegation of control and prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA, the Code and any other applicable Similar Laws.
 
Prohibited transaction issues
 
Section 406 of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code prohibit ERISA Plans from engaging in specified transactions involving plan assets with persons or entities who are “parties in interest,” within the meaning of ERISA, or “disqualified persons,” within the meaning of Section 4975 of the Code, unless an exemption is available. A party in interest or disqualified person who engaged in a non-exempt prohibited transaction may be subject to excise taxes and other penalties and liabilities under ERISA and the Code. In addition, the fiduciary of the ERISA Plan that engaged in such a non-exempt prohibited transaction may be subject to penalties and liabilities under ERISA and the Code. The acquisition and/or holding of notes by an ERISA Plan with respect to which we, an underwriter, or a guarantor is considered a party in interest or a disqualified person may constitute or result in a direct or indirect prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code, unless the investment is acquired and is held in accordance with an applicable statutory, class or individual prohibited transaction exemption. In this regard, the U.S. Department of Labor has issued prohibited transaction class exemptions, or “PTCEs,” that may apply to the acquisition and holding of the notes. These class exemptions include, without limitation, PTCE 84-14 respecting transactions determined by independent qualified professional asset managers, PTCE 90-1 respecting insurance company pooled separate accounts, PTCE 91-38 respecting bank collective investment funds, PTCE 95-60 respecting life insurance company general accounts and PTCE 96-23 respecting transactions determined by in-house asset managers. In addition, Section 408(b)(17) of ERISA and Section 4975(d)(20) of the Code provide relief from the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code for certain transactions, provided that neither the issuer of the securities nor any of its


S-100


Table of Contents

affiliates (directly or indirectly) have or exercise any discretionary authority or control or render any investment advice with respect to the assets of any ERISA Plan involved in the transaction and provided further that the ERISA Plan pays no more than adequate consideration in connection with the transaction. There can be no assurance that all of the conditions of any such exemptions will be satisfied.
 
Because of the foregoing, the notes should not be purchased or held by any person investing “plan assets” of any Plan, unless such purchase and holding will not constitute a non-exempt prohibited transaction under ERISA and the Code or a similar violation of any applicable Similar Laws.
 
Representation
 
Accordingly, by acceptance of a note, each purchaser and subsequent transferee of a note will be deemed to have represented and warranted that either (i) no portion of the assets used by such purchaser or transferee to acquire or hold the notes constitutes assets of any Plan or (ii) the purchase and holding of the notes by such purchaser or transferee will not constitute a non-exempt prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code or a similar violation under any applicable Similar Laws.
 
The foregoing discussion is general in nature and is not intended to be all inclusive, nor should it be construed as legal advice. Due to the complexity of these rules and the penalties that may be imposed upon persons involved in non-exempt prohibited transactions, it is particularly important that fiduciaries or other persons considering purchasing the notes on behalf of, or with the assets of, any Plan, consult with their counsel regarding the potential applicability of ERISA, Section 4975 of the Code and any Similar Laws to such investment and whether an exemption would be applicable to the purchase and holding of the notes.


S-101


Table of Contents

 
Underwriting
 
Subject to the terms and conditions in the underwriting agreement between us and the underwriters, for whom J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. is acting as the representative, we have agreed to sell to each underwriter, and each underwriter has severally agreed to purchase from us, the principal amount of notes that appears opposite its name in the table below:
 
         
 
Underwriter   Principal amount  
 
 
J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. 
  $ 60,000,000  
Banc of America Securities, LLC
    10,500,000  
Credit Agricole Securities (USA) Inc. 
    10,500,000  
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
    10,500,000  
Howard Weil Incorporated
    10,500,000  
Johnson Rice & Company L.L.C. 
    10,500,000  
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated
    10,500,000  
Credit Suisse Securities (USA), LLC
    5,400,000  
Capital One Southcoast, Inc. 
    5,400,000  
Global Hunter Securities, LLC
    5,400,000  
Pritchard Capital Partners, LLC
    5,400,000  
Simmons & Company International
    5,400,000  
         
Total
  $ 150,000,000  
 
 
 
The underwriting agreement provides that the underwriters are obligated to purchase all of the notes if any are purchased. The underwriting agreement also provides that if an underwriter defaults, the purchase commitments of non-defaulting underwriters may be increased or the offering of notes may be terminated.
 
The underwriters initially propose to offer the notes to the public at the public offering price that appears on the cover page of this prospectus supplement. The underwriters may offer the notes to selected dealers at the public offering price minus a concession of up to 0.375% of the principal amount. In addition, the underwriters may allow, and those selected dealers may reallow, a concession of up to 0.250% of the principal amount to certain other dealers. After the initial offering, the underwriters may change the public offering price and any other selling terms. The underwriters may offer and sell notes through certain of their affiliates.
 
In the underwriting agreement, we have agreed that we will pay our expenses related to the offering, which we estimate will be approximately $400,000.
 
The notes are a new issue of securities, and there is currently no established trading market for the notes. We do not intend to apply for the notes to be listed on any securities exchange or to arrange for the notes to be quoted on any quotation system. The underwriters have advised us that they intend to make a market in the notes, but they are not obligated to do so. The underwriters may discontinue any market making in the notes at any time at their sole discretion. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that a liquid trading market will develop for the notes, that you will be able to sell your notes at a particular time or that the prices that you receive when you sell your notes will be favorable.
 
We have agreed to indemnify the several underwriters against liabilities under the Securities Act or contribute to payments which the underwriters may be required to make in that respect.


S-102


Table of Contents

In the underwriting agreement, we have agreed that we will not offer or sell any of our debt securities (other than the notes) for a period of 90 days after the date of this prospectus supplement without the prior consent of J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.
 
In connection with the offering of the notes, the underwriters may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions and syndicate covering transactions. Over-allotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which creates a short position. Stabilizing transactions involve bids to purchase the notes in the open market for the purpose of pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of the notes. Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the notes in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover short positions. Stabilizing transactions and syndicate covering transactions may cause the price of the notes to be higher than it would otherwise be in the absence of those transactions. If the underwriters engage in stabilizing or syndicate covering transactions, they may discontinue them at any time.
 
Certain of the underwriters and their affiliates have in the past provided, and may in the future provide, investment banking, commercial banking and financial advisory services to us and our affiliates in the ordinary course of business. Specifically, affiliates of the underwriters serve various roles in our senior secured bank credit facility: JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., an affiliate of J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., serves as administrative agent, a lender and a letter of credit issuer; Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, an affiliate of Credit Agricole Securities (USA) Inc., serves as syndication agent and a lender; Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., an affiliate of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, serves as a lender; and Bank of America, N.A., an affiliate of Banc of America Securities, LLC, serves as documentation agent and lender. In addition, J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, an affiliate of Credit Agricole Securities (USA) Inc., are acting as co-lead arrangers in connection with the amendment to our senior secured bank credit facility and will receive compensation in connection therewith.
 
Our oil and natural gas price hedges at June 30, 2010 are placed with the commodity trading branches of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., an affiliate of J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank, an affiliate of Credit Agricole Securities (USA) Inc., and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., an affiliate of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, each of which receive compensation in connection therewith.
 
Concurrently with this offering, we are conducting a cash tender offer for any or all of the entire $150 million outstanding principal amount of the 2012 Notes. See “Use of proceeds.” J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. was an initial purchaser with respect to the 2012 Notes and is the dealer manager for the tender offer.
 
We are currently in compliance with our senior secured bank credit facility described above. In March 2009, PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C., one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Borrower”), failed to deliver a report and certain documents to the lenders under the senior secured bank credit facility, which failure constituted a default (the “Designated Default”) under the terms of the senior secured bank credit facility. On March 24, 2009, we, the Borrower and certain lenders to the senior secured bank credit facility entered into an amendment of the senior secured bank credit facility (the “Amendment”). The Amendment, among other things, waived the Designated Default.
 
We expect that delivery of the notes will be made against payment therefor on or about the closing date specified on the cover page of this prospectus supplement, which will be the fifth business day following the date of pricing of the notes (this settlement cycle being referred to as “T+5”). Under Rule 15c6-1 of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission under the Exchange Act, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in three business days, unless


S-103


Table of Contents

the parties to that trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, purchasers who wish to trade notes on the date of pricing or the two succeeding business days will be required, by virtue of the fact that the notes initially will settle in T+5, to specify an alternate settlement cycle at the time of any such trade to prevent a failed settlement and should consult their own advisor.
 
Selling restrictions concerning the Member States of the European Economic Area
 
In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a “Relevant Member State”), each underwriter represents and agrees that with effect from and including the date on which the Prospectus Directive is implemented in that Relevant Member State (the “Relevant Implementation Date”) it has not made and will not make an offer of notes to the public in that Relevant Member State prior to the publication of a prospectus in relation to the notes which has been approved by the competent authority in that Relevant Member State or, where appropriate, approved in another Relevant Member State and notified to the competent authority in that Relevant Member State, all in accordance with the Prospectus Directive, except that it may, with effect from and including the Relevant Implementation Date, make an offer of notes to the public in that Relevant Member State at any time:
 
•  to legal entities which are authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities;
 
•  to any legal entity which has two or more of (1) an average of at least 250 employees during the last financial year; (2) a total balance sheet of more than €43,000,000, and (3) an annual net turnover of more than €50,000,000, as shown in its last annual or consolidated accounts;
 
•  to fewer than 100 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive) subject to obtaining the prior consent of the manager for any such offer; or
 
•  in any other circumstances which do not require the publication of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.
 
For the purposes of this provision, the expression an “offer of notes to the public” in relation to any notes in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the notes to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe the notes, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Member State, and the expression “Prospectus Directive” means Directive 2003/71/EC and includes any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant Member State.
 
Notice to investors in the United Kingdom
 
Each of the underwriters severally represents and agrees as follows:
 
•  it has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated an invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of section 21 of FSMA) to persons who have professional experience in matters relating to investments falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 or in circumstances in which section 21 of FSMA does not apply to us; and
 
•  it has complied with, and will comply with, all applicable provisions of FSMA with respect to anything done by it in relation to the notes in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.


S-104


Table of Contents

 
Legal matters
 
The validity of the notes offered by this prospectus supplement will be passed upon for us by Porter & Hedges, L.L.P., Houston, Texas. The validity of the guarantees issued by the subsidiary guarantors will be passed upon for us by Onebane Law Firm, Lafayette, Louisiana. Certain legal matters will be passed upon for the underwriters by Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP, New York, New York.
 
Experts
 
The consolidated financial statements of PetroQuest Energy, Inc. appearing in PetroQuest Energy, Inc.’s Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2009, and the effectiveness of PetroQuest Energy, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their reports thereon included therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such financial statements are, and audited financial statements to be included in subsequently filed documents will be, incorporated herein in reliance upon the reports of Ernst & Young LLP pertaining to such financial statements and the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the respective dates (to the extent covered by consents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission) given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
 
The information incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement regarding estimated quantities of reserves, the future net revenues from those reserves and their present value is based on estimates of the reserves and present values prepared by Ryder Scott Company, L.P. and Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc., each independent petroleum engineers. We have incorporated these estimates in this prospectus supplement in reliance on the authority of each such firm as experts in such matters.
 
Where you can find more information
 
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You can read and copy these materials at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can obtain information about the operation of the SEC’s public reference room by calling the SEC at l-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a website that contains information we have filed electronically with the SEC, which you can access over the Internet at www.sec.gov.
 
Our website is located at www.petroquest.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other filings with the SEC are available, free of charge, through our website, as soon as reasonably practicable after those reports or filings are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Information on our website or any other website is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus and does not constitute a part of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus.
 
We have filed a registration statement (File No. 333-158446) with the SEC to register the securities offered by this prospectus supplement. As permitted by SEC rules, this prospectus


S-105


Table of Contents

supplement and the accompanying prospectus do not contain all of the information we have included in the registration statement and the accompanying exhibits and schedules we file with the SEC. You may refer to the registration statement, exhibits and schedules for more information about us and the securities. The registration statement, exhibits and schedules are available at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 or through its website at www.sec.gov.
 
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we have filed with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information we incorporate by reference is an important part of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus, and later information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings we make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (excluding any information furnished pursuant to Item 2.02 and Item 7.01 on any Current Report on Form 8-K), after the date of this prospectus supplement and prior to the termination of this offering. The documents we incorporate by reference are:
 
•  Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009, filed with the SEC on February 26, 2010 (File No. 001-32681), including the portions of our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on March 31, 2010, incorporated by reference therein (File No. 001-32681);
 
•  Our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2010 and June 30, 2010, filed with the SEC on May 5, 2010 and August 5, 2010, respectively (File No. 001-32681);
 
•  A description of our capital stock contained in our Form 8-A filed with the SEC on November 18, 2005 (File No. 001-32681); and
 
•  Our Current Reports on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 24, 2010, May 13, 2010, May 25, 2010, June 8, 2010, August 6, 2010 and August 9, 2010 (File No. 001-32681) (excluding any information furnished pursuant to Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of any such Current Report on Form 8-K).
 
At your request, we will provide you with a free copy of any of these filings (except for exhibits, unless the exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into the filing). You may request copies by writing or telephoning us at:
 
PetroQuest Energy, Inc.
400 E. Kaliste Saloom Road, Suite 6000
Lafayette, Louisiana 70508
Attention: Corporate Secretary
Telephone number: (337) 232-7028


S-106


Table of Contents

 
Glossary of oil and gas terms
 
The definitions set forth below shall apply to the indicated terms as used in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein. All volumes of natural gas referred to herein are stated at the legal pressure base of the state or area where the reserves exist and at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and in most instances are rounded to the nearest major multiple.
 
Bbl. One stock tank barrel, or 42 U.S. gallons liquid volume, of crude oil or other liquid hydrocarbons.
 
Bcf. Billion cubic feet of natural gas.
 
Bcfe. Billion cubic feet equivalent, determined using the ratio of six Mcf of natural gas to one Bbl of crude oil, condensate or natural gas liquids.
 
Block. A block depicted on the Outer Continental Shelf Leasing and Official Protraction Diagrams issued by the U.S. Minerals Management Service or a similar depiction on official protraction or similar diagrams issued by a state bordering on the Gulf of Mexico.
 
Btu or British Thermal Unit. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.
 
Completion. The installation of permanent equipment for the production of natural gas or oil, or in the case of a dry hole, the reporting of abandonment to the appropriate agency.
 
Condensate. A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in the gaseous phase at original reservoir temperature and pressure, but that, when produced, is in the liquid phase at surface pressure and temperature.
 
Deterministic estimate. The method of estimating reserves or resources is called deterministic when a single value for each parameter (from the geoscience, engineering, or economic data) in the reserves calculation is used in the reserves estimation procedure.
 
Developed acreage. The number of acres that are allocated or assignable to productive wells or wells capable of production.
 
Development well. A well drilled within the proved area of an oil or gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.
 
Dry hole. A well found to be incapable of producing hydrocarbons in sufficient quantities such that proceeds from the sale of such production exceed production expenses and taxes.
 
Exploratory well. A well drilled to find a new field or to find a new reservoir in a field previously found to be productive of oil or gas in another reservoir. Generally, an exploratory well is any well that is not a development well, an extension well, a service well, or a stratigraphic test well as those items are defined in this section.
 
Extension well. A well drilled to extend the limits of a known reservoir.
 
Farm-in or farm-out. An agreement under which the owner of a working interest in a natural gas and oil lease assigns the working interest or a portion of the working interest to another party who desires to drill on the leased acreage. Generally, the assignee is required to drill one or more wells in order to earn its interest in the acreage. The assignor usually retains a royalty


S-107


Table of Contents

or reversionary interest in the lease. The interest received by an assignee is a “farm-in” while the interest transferred by the assignor is a “farm-out.”
 
Field. An area consisting of a single reservoir or multiple reservoirs all grouped on or related to the same individual geological structural feature and/or stratigraphic condition.
 
Gross acres or gross wells. The total acres or wells, as the case may be, in which a working interest is owned.
 
Lead. A specific geographic area which, based on supporting geological, geophysical or other data, is deemed to have potential for the discovery of commercial hydrocarbons.
 
MBbls. Thousand barrels of crude oil or other liquid hydrocarbons.
 
Mcf. Thousand cubic feet of natural gas.
 
Mcfe. Thousand cubic feet equivalent, determined using the ratio of six Mcf of natural gas to one Bbl of crude oil, condensate or natural gas liquids.
 
MMBls. Million barrels of crude oil or other liquid hydrocarbons.
 
MMBtu. Million British Thermal Units.
 
MMcf. Million cubic feet of natural gas.
 
MMcfe. Million cubic feet equivalent, determined using the ratio of six Mcf of natural gas to one Bbl of crude oil, condensate or natural gas liquids.
 
Net acres or net wells. The sum of the fractional working interest owned in gross acres or wells, as the case may be.
 
Possible reserves. Those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than probable reserves.
 
Probabilistic estimate. The method of estimation of reserves or resources is called probabilistic when the full range of values that could reasonably occur for each unknown parameter (from the geoscience and engineering data) is used to generate a full range of possible outcomes and their associated probabilities of occurrence.
 
Probable reserves. Those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves but which, together with proved reserves, are as likely as not to be recovered.
 
Productive well. A well that is found to be capable of producing hydrocarbons in sufficient quantities such that proceeds from the sale of such production exceed production expenses and taxes.
 
Prospect. A specific geographic area which, based on supporting geological, geophysical or other data and also preliminary economic analysis using reasonably anticipated prices and costs, is deemed to have potential for the discovery of commercial hydrocarbons.
 
Proved area. The part of a property to which proved reserves have been specifically attributed.
 
Proved oil and gas reserves. Those quantities of oil and gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible—from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations—prior to the time at which contracts


S-108


Table of Contents

providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation.
 
Proved properties. Properties with proved reserves.
 
Reasonable certainty. If deterministic methods are used, reasonable certainty means a high degree of confidence that the quantities will be recovered. If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 90% probability that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the estimate. A high degree of confidence exists if the quantity is much more likely to be achieved than not, and, as changes due to increased availability of geoscience (geological, geophysical, and geochemical), engineering, and economic data are made to estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) with time, reasonably certain EUR is much more likely to increase or remain constant than to decrease.
 
Reliable technology. A grouping of one or more technologies (including computational methods) that has been field tested and has been demonstrated to provide reasonably certain results with consistency and repeatability in the formation being evaluated or in an analogous formation.
 
Reserves. Estimated remaining quantities of oil and gas and related substances anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, by application of development projects to known accumulations.
 
Reservoir. A porous and permeable underground formation containing a natural accumulation of producible oil and/or gas that is confined by impermeable rock or water barriers and is individual and separate from other reservoirs.
 
Resources. Quantities of oil and gas estimated to exist in naturally occurring accumulations. A portion of the resources may be estimated to be recoverable, and another portion may be considered to be unrecoverable. Resources include both discovered and undiscovered accumulations.
 
Service well. A well drilled or completed for the purpose of supporting production in an existing field. Specific purposes of service wells include gas injection, water injection, steam injection, air injection, salt-water disposal, water supply for injection, observation, or injection for in-situ combustion.
 
Stratigraphic test well. A drilling effort, geologically directed, to obtain information pertaining to a specific geologic condition. Such wells customarily are drilled without the intent of being completed for hydrocarbon production.
 
Undeveloped oil and gas reserves. Undeveloped oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion.
 
Undeveloped acreage. Lease acreage on which wells have not been drilled or completed to a point that would permit the production of commercial quantities of natural gas and oil regardless of whether such acreage contains proved reserves.
 
Unproved properties. Properties with no proved reserves.
 
Working interest. The operating interest that gives the owner the right to drill, produce and conduct operating activities on the property and receive a share of production.


S-109


Table of Contents

PROSPECTUS
 
(LOGO)
$200,000,000
 
 
 
 
Debt Securities
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Depositary Shares
Warrants
Purchase Contracts
Units
 
Guarantees of Non-Convertible Debt
Securities of PetroQuest Energy, Inc.
by:
PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C.
TDC Energy LLC
 
 
 
 
We may offer from time to time debt securities, shares of our common stock, shares of our preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants, purchase contracts and units. Any non-convertible debt securities we issue under this prospectus may be guaranteed by our subsidiaries.
 
The aggregate initial offering price of the securities that we offer will not exceed $200,000,000. We will offer the securities in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined at the time of the offering.
 
Our common stock is quoted on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “PQ.” The last reported sale price of our common stock on July 13, 2009 was $2.83 per share.
 
We will provide the specific terms of the offering in supplements to this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and any supplement carefully before you invest. This prospectus may not be used to offer and sell our securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
 
Investing in our securities involves significant risks that are described in the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 5 of this prospectus.
 
 
 
 
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
 
The date of this prospectus is July 23, 2009.


 

Table of Contents
 
         
    Page
 
    2  
    3  
    3  
    3  
    4  
    4  
    5  
    6  
    6  
    6  
    7  
    17  
    25  
    27  
    29  
    30  
    31  
    33  
    35  
    35  
 
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
 
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which we refer to as the “Commission,” utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $200 million. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of the offering and the offered securities. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. Any statement that we make in this prospectus will be modified or superseded by any inconsistent statement made by us in a prospectus supplement. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”


2


Table of Contents

 
PETROQUEST ENERGY, INC.
 
PetroQuest Energy, Inc. is an independent oil and gas company with operations in Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas and the Gulf Coast Basin. As used in this prospectus, the terms “we,” “us,” “our” and “PetroQuest” mean PetroQuest Energy, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries and predecessors, unless the context indicates otherwise. Our principal executive office is located at 400 E. Kaliste Saloom Road, Suite 6000, Lafayette, Louisiana 70508, and our phone number is (337) 232-7028.
 
ABOUT THE SUBSIDIARY GUARANTORS
 
PetroQuest Energy, Inc. is a holding company. We conduct substantially all of our operations through our subsidiaries PetroQuest Energy, L.L.C. and TDC Energy LLC. If so indicated in an accompanying prospectus supplement, each of these subsidiaries may jointly and severally, fully, irrevocably and unconditionally guarantee our payment obligations under any series of non-convertible debt securities offered by this prospectus. To the extent required by the rules and regulations of the Commission, financial information concerning our guarantor subsidiaries and non-guarantor subsidiaries will be included in our consolidated financial statements filed as a part of our periodic reports filed pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act.
 
Additional information concerning our subsidiaries and us is included in reports and other documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus. See “Where You Can Find More Information.”
 
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
The information discussed in this prospectus, our filings with the Commission and our public releases include “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included or incorporated by reference herein concerning, among other things, our ability to find oil and natural gas reserves that are economically recoverable, the volatility of oil and natural gas prices and the significant price decline since June 30, 2008, the deteriorating economic conditions in the United States and globally, the decline in the values of our properties that have resulted in and may in the future result in additional ceiling test write-downs or reductions in the borrowing base under our bank credit facility, our ability to replace reserves and sustain production, our estimate of the sufficiency of our existing capital sources, our ability to raise additional capital to fund cash requirements for future operations, the uncertainties involved in estimating quantities of proved oil and natural gas reserves, in prospect development and property acquisitions or dispositions and in projecting future rates of production or future reserves, the timing of development expenditures and drilling of wells, hurricanes and other natural disasters, and the operating hazards attendant to the oil and gas business, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are identified by their use of terms and phrases such as “expect,” “estimate,” “project,” “plan,” “believe,” “achievable,” “anticipate” and similar terms and phrases. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, they do involve certain assumptions, risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including but not limited to the risks and uncertainties discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this prospectus and in the documents that we include in or incorporate by reference into this prospectus, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2009 and our subsequent Commission filings.
 
All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements in this section and elsewhere in this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference. Other than as required under the securities laws, we do not assume a duty to update these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or circumstances, changes in expectations or otherwise.


3


Table of Contents

 
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
 
We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and in accordance therewith, file reports, proxy statements and other information with the Commission. These reports, proxy statements and other information can be inspected and copied at the Commission’s Public Reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the Commission maintains an Internet site at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the Commission. PetroQuest maintains an Internet site at www.petroquest.com. Information on our website or any other website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus and does not constitute part of this prospectus.
 
We have filed a registration statement with the Commission on Form S-3 (including any amendments thereto, known as the registration statement) under the Securities Act with respect to the securities offered hereby. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules thereto. You may refer to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules thereto for more information about the offered securities and us. Statements made in this prospectus regarding the contents of any contract or document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement are not necessarily complete and, in each instance, reference is hereby made to the copy of such contract or document so filed. Each such statement is qualified in its entirety by such reference.
 
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
 
The following documents, which have previously been filed by us with the Commission under the Exchange Act, are incorporated herein by reference:
 
  •  Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, filed with the Commission on February 27, 2009 (File No. 001-32681), including the portions of our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the Commission on March 27, 2009, incorporated by reference therein (File No. 001-32681).
 
  •  Our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2009, filed with the Commission on May 6, 2009 (File No. 001-32681).
 
  •  A description of our capital stock contained in our Form 8-A filed with the Commission on November 18, 2005 (File No. 001-32681).
 
  •  Our Current Reports on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 6, 2009, March 24, 2009, April 7, 2009, June 23, 2009 and June 26, 2009 (File No. 001-32681) (excluding any information furnished pursuant to Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of any such Current Report on Form 8-K).
 
All documents filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (excluding any information furnished pursuant to Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 on any current report on Form 8-K) after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of this offering shall be deemed to be incorporated in this prospectus by reference and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents. Any statement contained herein, or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein, shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein, modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.
 
This prospectus incorporates documents by reference that are not delivered herewith. Copies of these documents, other than the exhibits thereto (unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in such documents), are available upon written or oral request, at no charge, from us. Requests for such copies should be directed to PetroQuest Energy, Inc., 400 E. Kaliste Saloom Road, Suite 6000, Lafayette, Louisiana 70508, Attention: Corporate Secretary, telephone number: (337) 232-7028.


4


Table of Contents

 
RISK FACTORS
 
An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risk factors and all of the other information included in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus, including those risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2009 and our subsequent Commission filings, in evaluating an investment in our securities. If any of these risks were to occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our common stock, Series B Preferred Stock or debt securities could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment. When we offer and sell any securities pursuant to a prospectus supplement, we may include additional risk factors relevant to such securities in the prospectus supplement.


5


Table of Contents

 
USE OF PROCEEDS
 
Unless we inform you otherwise in the prospectus supplement or any pricing supplement, we will use the net proceeds from the sale of the offered securities for general corporate purposes. These purposes may include capital expenditures, repayment or refinancing of indebtedness, acquisitions and repurchases and redemptions of securities. Pending any specific application, we may initially invest funds in short-term marketable securities or apply them to the reduction of indebtedness.
 
DILUTION
 
Our net tangible book value at March 31, 2009 was $3.70 per share of common stock. Net tangible book value per share of common stock is determined by dividing our tangible net worth, which is tangible assets less liabilities, by the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding. If we offer shares of our common stock, purchasers of our common stock in that offering may experience immediate dilution in net tangible book value per share. The prospectus supplement relating to an offering of shares of our common stock will set forth the information regarding any dilutive effect of that offering.
 
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES AND
EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES PLUS PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS
 
Our consolidated ratio of earnings to fixed charges and ratio of earnings to fixed charges plus preferred stock dividends for each of the periods indicated are as follows:
 
                                                 
    Three Months
                               
    Ended
    Year Ended December 31,  
    March 31, 2009     2008     2007     2006     2005     2004  
 
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges
    (1)     (1)     3.90       2.77       3.44       7.48  
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges plus preferred stock dividends
    (2)     (2)     3.51       2.77       3.44       7.48  
 
 
(1) For the quarter ended March 31, 2009 and the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company recognized non-cash ceiling test write-downs of its oil and gas properties totaling $103.6 million and $266.2 million, respectively. As a result, during the quarter ended March 31, 2009 and the year ended December 31, 2008, earnings were insufficient to cover fixed charges by $102.5 million and $163.1 million, respectively, and therefore no ratios are shown.
 
(2) For the quarter ended March 31, 2009 and the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company recognized non-cash ceiling test write-downs of its oil and gas properties totaling $103.6 million and $266.2 million, respectively. As a result, during the quarter ended March 31, 2009 and the year ended December 31, 2008, earnings were insufficient to cover fixed charges plus preferred stock dividends by $103.8 million and $168.2 million, respectively, and therefore no ratios are shown.
 
For purposes of this table, “earnings” consist of earnings from continuing operations before income taxes plus fixed charges and “fixed charges” consist of interest expensed and capitalized.


6


Table of Contents

 
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
 
Our debt securities, consisting of notes, debentures or other evidences of indebtedness, may be issued from time to time in one or more series:
 
  •  in the case of senior debt securities, under a senior indenture to be entered into among us, the guarantors of those securities, if any, and a trustee we will identify in a prospectus supplement; and
 
  •  in the case of subordinated debt securities, under a subordinated indenture to be entered into among us, the guarantors of those securities, if any, and a trustee we will identify in a prospectus supplement.
 
Both the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture will be substantially in the form included as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
 
Because the following is only a summary of the indentures and the debt securities, it does not contain all information that you may find useful. For further information about the indentures and the debt securities, we urge you to read the indentures, the forms of securities, the applicable prospectus supplements and the applicable supplemental indentures.
 
As used in this section of the prospectus and under the captions “Description of Capital Stock,” “Description of Depositary Shares,” “Description of Warrants,” “Description of Purchase Contracts,” and “Description of Units,” the terms “we,” “us” and “our” mean PetroQuest Energy, Inc. only, and not the subsidiaries of PetroQuest Energy, Inc. Capitalized terms not otherwise defined in this Description of Debt Securities have the meanings given to them in the indentures.
 
Unless otherwise specified in a prospectus supplement, any debt securities we offer will be our direct, unsecured general obligations. The debt securities will be either senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities, either of which may be issued in registered or global form. The senior debt securities will rank equally with all of our other senior and unsubordinated debt. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinated in right of payment to certain of our senior debt. In general, this means that if we declare bankruptcy, holders of the senior debt securities and certain other senior debt will be paid in full before the holders of subordinated debt securities will receive any payment on their securities. Non-convertible debt securities may be fully and unconditionally guaranteed by some or all of our subsidiaries.
 
We conduct substantially all of our operations through our subsidiaries. Consequently, our ability to repay our obligations, including our obligation to pay interest on the debt securities, to repay the principal amount of the debt securities at maturity or upon redemption, or to buy back the securities, depends to a certain extent upon our ability to receive cash flow from our subsidiaries. That is, we will depend upon our subsidiaries’ earnings and their distributing those earnings to us, and upon our subsidiaries repaying investments and advances we have made to them to meet our obligations under the debt securities and our other obligations. Our subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and, except to the extent our subsidiaries guarantee the non-convertible debt securities, have no obligation, contingent or otherwise, to pay any amounts due on the debt securities or to make funds available to us to do so.
 
Generally, the debt securities will be effectively subordinated to all existing and future secured indebtedness of our subsidiaries and us and to all existing and future indebtedness of all non-guarantor subsidiaries. This means that our rights and the rights of our creditors, including the holders of our debt securities, to receive any of the cash or other assets of any subsidiary upon its liquidation or reorganization or otherwise are necessarily subject to the superior claims of creditors of the subsidiary, except to the extent that we or our creditors may be recognized as creditors of the subsidiary. Our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends or make other payments or advances to us will also depend upon their operating results and will be subject to applicable laws and contractual restrictions. Unless otherwise specified in an applicable prospectus supplement, the indentures do not limit our subsidiaries’ ability to enter into other agreements that prohibit or restrict dividends or other payments or advances to us.
 
The indentures do not limit the aggregate principal amount of debt securities that can be issued. The debt securities may be issued in one or more series as we may authorize from time to time. A prospectus


7


Table of Contents

supplement and a supplemental indenture relating to the offering of a particular series of debt securities will set forth the specific terms of the offered debt securities.
 
These terms will include some or all of the following:
 
  •  the title of the debt securities and whether they are subordinated debt securities or senior debt securities;
 
  •  any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities;
 
  •  the ability to issue additional debt securities of the same series;
 
  •  the price or prices at which we will sell the debt securities;
 
  •  the maturity date or dates of the debt securities;
 
  •  the rate or rates of interest, if any, which may be fixed or variable, at which the debt securities will bear interest, or the method of determining such rate or rates, if any;
 
  •  the date or dates from which any interest will accrue or the method by which such date or dates will be determined;
 
  •  in the case of discount debt securities, the rate of accretion of principal, which may be fixed or variable, or the method of determining such rate, and the date or dates from which principal will accrete or the method by which such date or dates will be determined;
 
  •  the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of any such deferral period, including the maximum consecutive period during which interest payment periods may be extended;
 
  •  the dates on which we will pay interest on the debt securities and the regular record date for determining who is entitled to the interest payable on any interest payment date;
 
  •  the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the debt securities will be payable, where any securities may be surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange or conversion, as applicable, and notices and demands may be delivered to or upon us pursuant to the indenture;
 
  •  if we possess the option to do so, the periods within which and the prices at which we may redeem the debt securities, in whole or in part, pursuant to optional redemption provisions, and the other terms and conditions of any such provisions;
 
  •  our obligation, if any, to redeem, repay or purchase debt securities by making periodic payments to a sinking fund or through an analogous provision or at the option of holders of the debt securities, and the period or periods within which and the price or prices at which we will redeem, repay or purchase the debt securities, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation, and the other terms and conditions of such obligation;
 
  •  the denominations in which the debt securities will be issued, if other than denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000;
 
  •  whether the amount of payments of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the debt securities may be determined with reference to any index, formula or other method, such as one or more currencies, commodities, equity indices or other indices, and the manner of determining the amount of such payments;
 
  •  the portion, or methods of determining the portion, of the principal amount of the debt securities which we must pay upon the acceleration of the maturity of the debt securities in connection with an Event of Default (as described below), if other than the full principal amount;
 
  •  provisions, if any, granting special rights to holders of the debt securities upon the occurrence of specified events;


8


Table of Contents

 
  •  any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default or our covenants with respect to the applicable series of debt securities, and whether or not such Events of Default or covenants are consistent with those contained in the applicable indenture;
 
  •  any limitation on our ability to incur debt, redeem stock, sell our assets or other restrictions;
 
  •  the application, if any, of the terms of the indenture relating to legal defeasance and covenant defeasance (which terms are described below) to the debt securities;
 
  •  whether the subordination provisions summarized below or different subordination provisions will apply to the debt securities;
 
  •  the terms, if any, upon which the holders may convert or exchange (or upon which we may require the holders to convert or exchange) the debt securities into or for common stock, preferred stock or other securities or property of ours or of another Person (or upon which such debt securities shall automatically convert or be exchanged into or for such other securities or property);
 
  •  whether any of the debt securities will be issued in global form and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which global debt securities may be exchanged for certificated debt securities;
 
  •  any change in the right of the trustee or the requisite holders of debt securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable because of an Event of Default;
 
  •  the depository for global or certificated debt securities;
 
  •  any trustees, authenticating or paying agents, transfer agents or registrars or other agents with respect to the debt securities;
 
  •  to whom any interest on any debt security shall be payable, if other than the person in whose name the security is registered, on the record date for such interest, the extent to which, or the manner in which, any interest payable on a temporary global debt security will be paid if other than in the manner provided in the applicable indenture;
 
  •  if the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities of the series is to be payable in one or more currencies or currency units other than as stated, the currency, currencies or currency units in which it shall be paid and the periods within and terms and conditions upon which such election is to be made and the amounts payable (or the manner in which such amount shall be determined);
 
  •  the collateral, if any, securing such debt securities, and the guarantors, if any, who will guarantee such non-convertible debt securities, or the methods of determining such collateral, if any, and such guarantors, if any;
 
  •  the portion of the principal amount of any securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity of the debt securities pursuant to the applicable indenture if other than the entire principal amount;
 
  •  if the principal amount payable at the stated maturity of any debt security of the series will not be determinable as of any one or more dates prior to the stated maturity, the amount which shall be deemed to be the principal amount of such securities as of any such date for any purpose, including the principal amount thereof which shall be due and payable upon any maturity other than the stated maturity or which shall be deemed to be outstanding as of any date prior to the stated maturity (or, in any such case, the manner in which such amount deemed to be the principal amount shall be determined);
 
  •  to add to, change, or eliminate any of the provisions of the indentures to such extent as shall be necessary to add any of our subsidiaries as a co-issuer of debt securities of an applicable series; and
 
  •  any other terms of the debt securities not inconsistent with the provisions of the indentures, as amended or supplemented.


9


Table of Contents

 
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will be issued in fully-registered form without coupons.
 
Debt securities may be sold at a substantial discount below their stated principal amount, bearing no interest or interest at a rate which at the time of issuance is below market rates. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the federal income tax consequences and special considerations applicable to any such debt securities. The debt securities may also be issued as indexed securities or securities denominated in foreign currencies, currency units or composite currencies, as described in more detail in the prospectus supplement relating to any of the particular debt securities. The prospectus supplement relating to specific debt securities will also describe any special considerations and certain additional tax considerations applicable to such debt securities.
 
Subordination
 
The prospectus relating to any offering of subordinated debt securities will describe the specific subordination provisions. However, unless otherwise noted in the prospectus supplement, subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment to any Senior Debt on the terms set forth below:
 
Under the subordinated indenture, “Senior Debt” means all amounts due on obligations in connection with any of the following, whether outstanding at the date of execution of the subordinated indenture or thereafter incurred or created:
 
  •  the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest due on our indebtedness for borrowed money and indebtedness evidenced by securities, debentures, bonds or other similar instruments issued by us (including all mandatory obligations under repurchase agreements for the payment of the repurchase price for the securities purchased pursuant thereto);
 
  •  any of our obligations as lessee under leases required to be capitalized on the balance sheet of the lessee under generally accepted accounting principles;
 
  •  all of our obligations for the reimbursement on any letter of credit, banker’s acceptance, security purchase facility or similar credit transaction;
 
  •  all of our obligations in respect of interest rate swap, cap or other agreements, interest rate future or options contracts, currency swap agreements, currency future or option contracts and other similar agreements;
 
  •  all obligations of the types referred to above of other persons for the payment of which we are responsible or liable as obligor, guarantor or otherwise; and
 
  •  all obligations of the types referred to above of other persons secured by any lien on any property or asset of ours (whether or not such obligation is assumed by us).
 
However, Senior Debt does not include:
 
  •  any indebtedness which expressly provides that such indebtedness shall not be senior in right of payment to the subordinated debt securities, or that such indebtedness shall be subordinated to any other of our indebtedness, unless such indebtedness expressly provides that such indebtedness shall be senior in right of payment to the subordinated debt securities;
 
  •  any of our indebtedness in respect of the subordinated debt securities;
 
  •  any indebtedness or liability for compensation to employees, for goods or materials purchased in the ordinary course of business or for services;
 
  •  any of our indebtedness to any subsidiary; and
 
  •  any liability for federal, state, local or other taxes owed or owing by us.
 
Senior Debt shall continue to be Senior Debt and be entitled to the benefits of the subordination provisions irrespective of any amendment, modification or waiver of any term of such Senior Debt.


10


Table of Contents

If we default in the payment of any principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Senior Debt when it becomes due and payable, whether at maturity or at a date fixed for prepayment or by declaration or otherwise, then, unless and until such default is cured or waived or ceases to exist, we will make no direct or indirect payment (in cash, property, securities, by set-off or otherwise but excluding payments in Junior Securities) in respect of the principal of or interest on the subordinated debt securities or in respect of any redemption, retirement, purchase or other requisition of any of the subordinated debt securities.
 
In the event of the acceleration of the maturity of any subordinated debt securities, the holders of all senior debt securities outstanding at the time of such acceleration, subject to any security interest, will first be entitled to receive payment in full of all amounts due on the senior debt securities before the holders of the subordinated debt securities will be entitled to receive any payment of principal (and premium, if any) or interest on the subordinated debt securities.
 
If any of the following events occur, we will pay in full all Senior Debt before we make any payment or distribution under the subordinated debt securities, whether in cash, securities or other property, to any holder of subordinated debt securities:
 
  •  any dissolution or winding-up or liquidation or reorganization of PetroQuest Energy, Inc. (or relating to our property), whether voluntary or involuntary or in bankruptcy, insolvency or receivership;
 
  •  any general assignment by us for the benefit of creditors; or
 
  •  any other marshaling of our assets or liabilities.
 
In such event, any payment or distribution under the subordinated debt securities, whether in cash, securities or other property, which would otherwise (but for the subordination provisions) be payable or deliverable in respect of the subordinated debt securities, will be paid or delivered directly to the holders of Senior Debt in accordance with the priorities then existing among such holders until all Senior Debt has been paid in full. If any payment or distribution under the subordinated debt securities is received by the trustee of any subordinated debt securities in contravention of any of the terms of the subordinated indenture and before all the Senior Debt has been paid in full (other than permitted payments in Junior Securities), such payment or distribution or security will be received in trust for the benefit of, and paid over or delivered and transferred to, the holders of the Senior Debt at the time outstanding in accordance with the priorities then existing among such holders for application to the payment of all Senior Debt remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to pay all such Senior Debt in full.
 
The subordinated indenture does not limit the issuance of additional Senior Debt.
 
Subsidiary Guarantees
 
If specified in the prospectus supplement, our guarantor subsidiaries will guarantee the non-convertible debt securities of a series. Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, the following provisions will apply to the guarantees of the guarantor subsidiaries.
 
Subject to the limitations described below and in the prospectus supplement, the guarantor subsidiaries will, jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally guarantee the punctual payment when due, whether at the maturity date, by acceleration or otherwise, of all our payment obligations under the indentures and the non-convertible debt securities of a series, whether for principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the non-convertible debt securities or otherwise. The guarantor subsidiaries will also pay all expenses (including reasonable counsel fees and expenses) incurred by the applicable trustee in enforcing any rights under a guarantee with respect to a guarantor subsidiary.
 
In the case of subordinated non-convertible debt securities, a guarantee of a guarantor subsidiary will be subordinated in right of payment to the senior debt of such guarantor subsidiary on the same basis as the subordinated non-convertible debt securities are subordinated to our senior debt. No payment will be made by any guarantor subsidiary under its guarantee during any period in which payments by us on the subordinated non-convertible debt securities are suspended by the subordination provisions of the subordinated indenture.


11


Table of Contents

Each guarantee of a guarantor subsidiary will be limited to an amount not to exceed the maximum amount that can be guaranteed by the relevant guarantor subsidiary without rendering such guarantee voidable under applicable law relating to fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer or similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally.
 
Each guarantee of a guarantor subsidiary will be a continuing guarantee and will:
 
  •  remain in full force and effect until either (a) payment in full of all the applicable non-convertible debt securities (or such non-convertible debt securities are otherwise satisfied and discharged in accordance with the provisions of the applicable indenture) or (b) released as described in the following paragraph;
 
  •  be binding upon each guarantor subsidiary; and
 
  •  inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the applicable trustee, the holders of the non-convertible debt securities and their successors, transferees and assigns.
 
In the event that a guarantor subsidiary ceases to be our subsidiary, or all or substantially all of the assets or all of the capital stock of any guarantor subsidiary is sold or disposed of, including by way of sale, merger, consolidation or otherwise, such guarantor subsidiary will be released and discharged of its obligations under its guarantee without any further action required on the part of the trustee or any holder of the non-convertible debt securities, and no other person acquiring or owning the assets or capital stock of such guarantor subsidiary will be required to enter into a guarantee. If legal or covenant defeasance occurs with respect to the non-convertible debt securities of any series, all the guarantor subsidiaries will be released and discharged from their obligations under their guarantees. In addition, the prospectus supplement may specify additional circumstances under which a guarantor subsidiary can be released from its guarantee.
 
Consolidation, Merger, Sale of Assets and Other Transactions
 
We may not merge with or into or consolidate with another entity or sell, assign, transfer, lease or convey all or substantially all of our properties and assets to, any other entity other than a direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of ours, and no entity may merge with or into or consolidate with us or, except for any direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of ours, sell, assign, transfer, lease or convey all or substantially all of its properties and assets to us, unless:
 
  •  we are the surviving corporation or the entity formed by or surviving such merger or consolidation or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease or conveyance has been made, if other than us, has expressly assumed by supplemental indenture all of our obligations under the applicable indenture;
 
  •  immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing; and
 
  •  we deliver to the trustee an officers’ certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that the supplemental indenture complies with the applicable indenture.
 
Events of Default, Notice and Waiver
 
Unless an accompanying prospectus supplement states otherwise, the following shall constitute “Events of Default” under the indentures with respect to each series of debt securities:
 
  •  our failure to pay any interest on any debt security of such series when due and payable, continued for 30 days;
 
  •  our failure to pay principal (or premium, if any) on any debt security of such series when due, regardless of whether such payment became due because of maturity, redemption, acceleration or otherwise, or is required by any sinking fund established with respect to such series;
 
  •  our failure to observe or perform any other of our covenants or agreements with respect to such debt securities for 90 days after we receive notice of such failure;
 
  •  certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of PetroQuest Energy, Inc.; and


12


Table of Contents

 
  •  any other Event of Default provided with respect to securities of that series.
 
If an Event of Default with respect to any debt securities of any series outstanding under an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the trustee under such indenture or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of that series outstanding may declare, by notice as provided in the applicable indenture, the principal amount (or such lesser amount as may be provided for in the debt securities of that series) of all the debt securities of that series outstanding to be due and payable immediately.
 
However, in the case of an Event of Default involving certain events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, acceleration is automatic. After such acceleration, but before a judgment or decree based on acceleration, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may, under certain circumstances, rescind and annul such acceleration if all Events of Default, other than the nonpayment of accelerated principal, have been cured or waived. Upon the acceleration of the maturity of original issue discount securities, an amount less than the principal amount thereof will become due and payable. Please read the prospectus supplement relating to any original issue discount securities for the particular provisions relating to acceleration of maturity thereof.
 
Any past default under either indenture with respect to debt securities of any series, and any Event of Default arising therefrom, may be waived by the holders of a majority in principal amount of all debt securities of such series outstanding under such indenture, except in the case of (i) default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any debt securities of such series or (ii) default in respect of a covenant or provision which may not be amended or modified without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security of such series affected.
 
The trustee is required within 90 days after the occurrence of a default (which is known to the trustee and is continuing), with respect to the debt securities of any series (without regard to any grace period or notice requirements), to give to the holders of the debt securities of such series notice of such default.
 
The trustee, subject to its duties during default to act with the required standard of care, may require indemnification by the holders of the debt securities of any series with respect to which a default has occurred before proceeding to exercise any right or power under the indentures at the request of the holders of the debt securities of such series. Subject to such right of indemnification and to certain other limitations, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series under either indenture may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee with respect to the debt securities of such series, provided that such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with the applicable indenture and the trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction.
 
No holder of a debt security of any series may institute any action against us under either of the indentures (except actions for payment of overdue principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such debt security or for the conversion or exchange of such debt security in accordance with its terms) unless:
 
  •  an Event of Default has occurred and the holder has given to the trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof with respect to the debt securities of such series specifying an Event of Default, as required under the applicable indenture;
 
  •  the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of that series then outstanding under such indenture shall have requested the trustee to institute such action and offered to the trustee indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;
 
  •  the trustee shall not have instituted such action within 60 days of such request; and
 
  •  no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the trustee during such 60-day period by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the debt securities of that series.


13


Table of Contents

 
We are required to furnish annually to the trustee statements as to our compliance with all conditions and covenants under each indenture.
 
Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance
 
We may discharge or defease our obligations under the indenture as set forth below, unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement.
 
We may discharge certain obligations to holders of any series of debt securities issued under either the senior indenture or the subordinated indenture which have not already been delivered to the trustee for cancellation and which have either become due and payable or are by their terms due and payable within one year (or scheduled for redemption within one year) by irrevocably depositing with the trustee money in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such debt securities not previously delivered to the trustee for cancellation, for principal and any premium and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case of debt securities which have become due and payable) or to the stated maturity or redemption date, as the case may be, and we have paid all other sums payable under the applicable indenture.
 
If indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may elect either (i) to defease and be discharged from any and all obligations with respect to the debt securities of or within any series (except as otherwise provided in the relevant indenture) (“legal defeasance”) or (ii) to be released from our obligations with respect to certain covenants applicable to the debt securities of or within any series (“covenant defeasance”), upon the deposit with the relevant indenture trustee, in trust for such purpose, of money and/or government obligations which through the payment of principal and interest in accordance with their terms will provide money in an amount sufficient to pay the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such debt securities to maturity or redemption, as the case may be, and any mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments thereon. As a condition to legal defeasance or covenant defeasance, we must deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of such debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such legal defeasance or covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such legal defeasance or covenant defeasance had not occurred. Such opinion of counsel, in the case of legal defeasance under clause (i) above, must refer to and be based upon a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service or a change in applicable federal income tax law occurring after the date of the relevant indenture. In addition, in the case of either legal defeasance or covenant defeasance, we shall have delivered to the trustee an officers’ certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent with respect to such legal defeasance or covenant defeasance have been complied with.
 
We may exercise our legal defeasance option with respect to such debt securities notwithstanding our prior exercise of our covenant defeasance option.
 
Modification and Waiver
 
Under each indenture, we and the applicable trustee may supplement the indenture for certain purposes which would not materially adversely affect the interests or rights of the holders of debt securities of a series without the consent of those holders. We and the applicable trustee may also modify the indenture or any supplemental indenture in a manner that affects the interests or rights of the holders of debt securities with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each affected series issued under the indenture. However, each indenture requires the consent of each holder of debt securities that would be affected by any modification which would:
 
  •  change the fixed maturity of any debt securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, or reduce any premium payable upon the redemption thereof;
 
  •  reduce the amount of principal of an original issue discount debt security or any other debt security payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof;
 
  •  change the currency in which any debt security or any premium or interest is payable;


14


Table of Contents

 
  •  impair the right to enforce any payment on or with respect to any debt security;
 
  •  reduce the percentage in principal amount of outstanding debt securities of any series, the consent of whose holders is required for modification or amendment of the indenture or for waiver of compliance with certain provisions of the indenture or for waiver of certain defaults; or
 
  •  modify any of the above provisions.
 
Each indenture permits the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series issued under the indenture which is affected by the modification or amendment to waive our compliance with certain covenants contained in the indenture.
 
Payment and Paying Agent
 
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement:
 
Payment of interest on a debt security on any interest payment date will be made to the person in whose name a debt security is registered at the close of business on the record date for the interest.
 
Principal, interest and premium on the debt securities of a particular series will be payable at the office of such paying agent or paying agents as we may designate for such purpose from time to time. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at our option, payment of any interest may be made by check mailed to the address of the person entitled thereto as such address appears in the security register.
 
A paying agent designated by us will act as paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. All paying agents initially designated by us for the debt securities of a particular series will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement. We may at any time designate additional paying agents or rescind the designation of any paying agent or approve a change in the office through which any paying agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.
 
All monies paid by us to a paying agent for the payment of the principal, interest or premium on any debt security which remain unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, interest or premium has become due and payable will be repaid to us upon request, and the holder of such debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.
 
Denominations, Registrations and Transfer
 
Unless an accompanying prospectus supplement states otherwise, debt securities will be represented by one or more global certificates registered in the name of a nominee for The Depository Trust Company, or DTC. In such case, each holder’s beneficial interest in the global securities will be shown on the records of DTC or one of its participants and transfers of beneficial interests will only be effected through DTC’s or such participant’s records.
 
A holder of debt securities may only exchange a beneficial interest in a global security for certificated securities registered in the holder’s name if:
 
  •  DTC notifies us that it is unwilling or unable to continue serving as the depositary for the relevant global securities or DTC ceases to maintain certain qualifications under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and no successor depositary has been appointed for 90 days; or
 
  •  we determine in our sole discretion, that the global security shall be exchangeable.
 
If debt securities are issued in certificated form, they will only be issued in the minimum denomination specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement and integral multiples of such denomination. Transfers and exchanges of such debt securities will only be permitted in such minimum denomination. Transfers of debt securities in certificated form may be registered at the trustee’s corporate office or at the offices of any paying agent or trustee appointed by us under the applicable indenture. Exchanges of debt securities for an


15


Table of Contents

equal aggregate principal amount of debt securities in different denominations may also be made at such locations.
 
Governing Law
 
Each indenture and debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York.
 
Trustee
 
The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. will be the trustee under the senior debt securities indenture. The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. or another trustee may be appointed trustee under the subordinated debt securities indenture.
 
Conversion or Exchange Rights
 
The prospectus supplement will describe the terms, if any, on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock, preferred stock or other debt securities. These terms will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder, or at our option. These provisions may allow or require the number of shares of our common stock or other securities to be received by the holders of such series of debt securities to be adjusted.


16


Table of Contents

 
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
 
The total number of shares of all classes of stock that we have authority to issue is 155,000,000, consisting of 150,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $.001 per share, and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $.001 per share. We had 62,332,349 shares of common stock and 1,495,000 shares of 6.875% Series B cumulative convertible perpetual preferred stock, par value $.001 per share, or the Series B Preferred Stock, outstanding as of July 1, 2009.
 
In the discussion that follows, we have summarized selected provisions of our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws relating to our capital stock. You should read our certificate of incorporation and bylaws as currently in effect for more details regarding the provisions we describe below and for other provisions that may be important to you. We have filed copies of those documents with the SEC, and they are incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement. Please read “Where You Can Find More Information.”
 
Common Stock
 
Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share in the election of directors and on all other matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Such holders do not have the right to cumulate their votes in the election of directors. Holders of our common stock have no redemption or conversion rights, no preemptive or other rights to subscribe for our securities and are not entitled to the benefits of any sinking fund provisions. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of our common stock are entitled to share equally and ratably in all of the assets remaining, if any, after satisfaction of all our debts and liabilities, and of the preferential rights of any series of preferred stock then outstanding. Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends when, as and if declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available therefor.
 
Preferred Stock
 
Our board of directors is authorized to establish one or more series of preferred stock and to determine, with respect to any series of preferred stock, the powers, designation, preferences and rights of each series and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of each series, including:
 
  •  the designation of the series,
 
  •  the number of shares of the series, which number the board of directors may, except where otherwise provided in the preferred stock designation, increase or decrease, but not below the number of shares of that series then outstanding,
 
  •  whether dividends, if any, will be cumulative or noncumulative and the dividend rate and the preferences, if any, of the series,
 
  •  the dates on which dividends, if any, will be payable,
 
  •  the redemption rights and price or prices, if any, for shares of the series,
 
  •  the terms and amounts of any sinking fund provided for the purchase or redemption of shares of the series,
 
  •  the amounts payable on, and the preferences, if any, of shares of the series in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs,
 
  •  whether the shares of the series will be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of any other class or series, or any other security, of our company or any other corporation, and, if so, the specification of that class or series or that other security, the conversion or exchange price or prices or rate or rates, any adjustments to those prices or rates, the date or dates as of which such shares will be convertible or exchangeable and all other terms and conditions of the conversion or exchange,
 
  •  restrictions on the issuance of shares of the same series, or of any other class or series, and
 
  •  the voting rights, if any, of the holders of shares of any series.


17


Table of Contents

 
The prospectus supplement relating to any series of preferred stock we offer will include specific terms relating to the offering. The description of the terms of the preferred stock to be set forth in an applicable prospectus supplement will not be complete and will be subject to and qualified by the certificate of designation relating to the applicable series of preferred stock. You should read that document for provisions that may be important to you. We will include that document as an exhibit to a filing with the Commission in connection with an offering of preferred stock.
 
The authorized shares of preferred stock, as well as shares of common stock, are available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless stockholder action is required by the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities are listed or traded. If the approval of our stockholders is not required for the issuance of shares of preferred stock or common stock, the board of directors may determine not to seek stockholder approval.
 
Although our board of directors has no intention at the present time of doing so, it could issue a series of preferred stock that could, depending on the terms of that series, impede the completion of a merger, tender offer or other takeover attempt. Our board of directors will make any determination to issue shares based on its judgment as to our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders. Our board of directors, in so acting, could issue preferred stock having terms that could discourage an acquisition attempt, including a tender offer or other transaction that some, or a majority of, our stockholders might believe to be in their best interests or that might result in stockholders receiving a premium for their stock over the then current market price of the stock.
 
Series B Preferred Stock
 
Effective September 24, 2007, we filed a Certificate of Designations with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware for 1,495,000 shares of Series B Preferred Stock. The following is a summary of certain terms of the Series B Preferred Stock:
 
Dividends.  The Series B Preferred Stock will accumulate dividends at an annual rate of 6.875% for each share of Series B Preferred Stock. Dividends will be cumulative from the date of first issuance and, to the extent payment of dividends is not prohibited by our debt agreements, assets are legally available to pay dividends and our board of directors or an authorized committee of the board declares a dividend payable, we will pay dividends in cash, every quarter.
 
Subject to certain limited exceptions, no dividends or other distributions (other than a dividend payable solely in shares of a like or junior ranking) may be paid or set apart for payment upon any shares ranking equally with the Series B Preferred Stock, which we refer to as parity shares, or shares ranking junior to the Series B Preferred Stock, which we refer to as junior shares, nor may any parity shares or junior shares be redeemed or acquired for any consideration by us (except by conversion into or exchange for shares of a like or junior ranking) unless all accumulated and unpaid dividends have been paid or funds therefore have been set apart on the Series B Preferred Stock and any parity shares.
 
Liquidation preference.  In the event of our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, winding-up or dissolution, each holder of Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive and to be paid out of our assets available for distribution to our stockholders, before any payment or distribution is made to holders of junior stock (including common stock), but after any distribution on any of our indebtedness or senior stock, a liquidation preference in the amount of $50 per share of the Series B Preferred Stock, plus accumulated and unpaid dividends on the shares to the date fixed for liquidation, winding-up or dissolution.
 
Ranking.  The Series B Preferred Stock will rank:
 
  •  senior to all of the shares of our common stock and to all of our other capital stock issued in the future unless the terms of such capital stock expressly provide that it ranks senior to, or on a parity with, shares of the Series B Preferred Stock;
 
  •  on a parity with all of the our other capital stock issued in the future the terms of which expressly provide that it will rank on a parity with the shares of the Series B Preferred Stock; and


18


Table of Contents

 
  •  junior to all of our existing and future debt obligations and to all shares of our capital stock issued in the future the terms of which expressly provide that such shares will rank senior to the shares of the Series B Preferred Stock.
 
Mandatory conversion.  On or after October 20, 2010, we may, at our option, cause shares of the Series B Preferred Stock to be automatically converted at the applicable conversion rate, but only if the closing sale price of our common stock for 20 trading days within a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the trading day immediately preceding the date we give the conversion notice equals or exceeds 130% of the conversion price in effect on each such trading day.
 
Limited optional redemption.  If fewer than 15% of the shares of Series B Preferred Stock are outstanding, we may, at any time on or after October 20, 2010, at our option, redeem for cash all such Series B Preferred Stock at a redemption price equal to the liquidation preference of $50 plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, if any, on a share of Series B Preferred Stock to, but excluding, the redemption date, for each share of Series B Preferred Stock.
 
Conversion rights.  Each share of Series B Preferred Stock may be converted at any time, at the option of the holder, into 3.4433 shares of our common stock (which is based on an initial conversion price of approximately $14.52 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment) plus cash in lieu of fractional shares, subject to our right to settle all or a portion of any such conversion in cash or shares of our common stock. If we elect to settle all or any portion of our conversion obligation in cash, the conversion value and the number of shares of our common stock we will deliver upon conversion (if any) will be based upon a 20 trading day averaging period.
 
Upon any conversion, the holder will not receive any cash payment representing accumulated and unpaid dividends on the Series B Preferred Stock, whether or not in arrears, except in limited circumstances. The conversion rate is equal to $50 divided by the conversion price at the time. The conversion price is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events. The conversion price on the conversion date and the number of shares of our common stock, as applicable, to be delivered upon conversion may be adjusted if certain events occur.
 
Purchase or exchange upon fundamental change.  If we become subject to a fundamental change (as defined below), each holder of shares of Series B Preferred Stock will have the right to require us to purchase any or all of its shares at a purchase price equal to 100% of the liquidation preference, plus accumulated and unpaid dividends, to the date of the purchase. We will have the option to pay the purchase price in cash, shares of common stock or a combination of cash and shares. Our ability to purchase all or a portion of Series B Preferred Stock for cash is subject to our obligation to repay or repurchase any outstanding debt required to be repaid or repurchased in connection with a fundamental change and to any contractual restrictions then contained in our existing borrowing agreements.
 
Conversion in connection with a fundamental change.  If a holder elects to convert its shares of Series B Preferred Stock in connection with certain fundamental changes, we will in certain circumstances increase the conversion rate for the Series B Preferred Stock. Upon a conversion in connection with a fundamental change, the holder will be entitled to receive a cash payment for all accumulated and unpaid dividends.
 
A “fundamental change” will be deemed to have occurred upon the occurrence of any of the following:
 
1. any “person” becomes the “beneficial owner” directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the voting power of our common equity;
 
2. individuals who on September 25, 2007, constituted the board of directors (together with any new directors whose election by such board of directors or whose nomination for election by our stockholders was approved by a vote of a majority of our directors then still in office who were either directors on September 25, 2007, or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved) cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the board of directors then in office;
 
3. the merger or consolidation of us with or into another person or the merger of another person with or into us, or the sale of all or substantially all our assets to another person other than a transaction


19


Table of Contents

following which holders of securities that represented 100% of the voting power of our common equity immediately prior to such transaction (or other securities into which such securities are converted as part of such merger or consolidation transaction) own directly or indirectly at least a majority of the voting power of the voting equity of the surviving person in such merger or consolidation transaction or transferee in such sale of assets transaction immediately after such transaction;
 
4. the adoption of a plan relating to the liquidation or dissolution of PetroQuest; or
 
5. our common stock is neither listed on a national securities exchange nor listed nor approved for quotation on an over-the-counter market in the United States.
 
However, a fundamental change will not be deemed to have occurred in the case of a share exchange, merger or consolidation or in an exchange offer having the result described in subsection 1 above, if 90% or more of the consideration in the aggregate paid for common stock (and cash payments pursuant to dissenters’ appraisal rights) in the share exchange, merger or consolidation or exchange offer consists of common stock of a United States company traded on a national securities exchange (or which will be so traded or quoted when issued or exchanged in connection with such transaction).
 
Voting rights.  If we fail to pay dividends for six quarterly dividend periods (whether or not consecutive) or if we fail to pay the purchase price on the purchase date for the Series B Preferred Stock following a fundamental change, holders of the Series B Preferred Stock will have voting rights to elect two directors to our board.
 
In addition, subject to certain exceptions, we may generally not, without the approval of the holders of at least 662/3% of the shares of the Series B Preferred Stock then outstanding:
 
  •  amend our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, by merger or otherwise, if the amendment would alter or change the powers, preferences, privileges or rights of the holders of shares of the Series B Preferred Stock so as to adversely affect them;
 
  •  issue, authorize or increase the authorized amount of, or issue or authorize any obligation or security convertible into or evidencing a right to purchase, any senior stock; or
 
  •  reclassify any of our authorized stock into any senior stock of any class, or any obligation or security convertible into or evidencing a right to purchase any senior stock.
 
In addition, if we create an additional series of preferred stock that is part of the same class as the Series B Preferred Stock and all series of the class are not equally affected by a proposed change, the approval of the holders of at least 662/3% of the series that would have diminished status will be required to amend our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, by merger or otherwise.
 
Anti-takeover Effects of Our Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws and Rights Agreement
 
Some provisions of the our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and rights agreement contain provisions that could make it more difficult to acquire us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise, or to remove our incumbent officers and directors. These provisions, summarized below, are expected to discourage coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of PetroQuest to first negotiate with the Board of Directors. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate with the proponent of an unfriendly or unsolicited proposal to acquire or restructure PetroQuest outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging such proposals because negotiation of such proposals could result in an improvement of their terms.
 
Undesignated Preferred Stock.
 
The ability to authorize and issue undesignated preferred stock may enable our board of directors to render more difficult or discourage an attempt to change control of PetroQuest by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise. For example, if in the due exercise of its fiduciary obligations, our board of


20


Table of Contents

directors were to determine that a takeover proposal is not in our best interest, our board of directors could cause shares of preferred stock to be issued without stockholder approval in one or more private offerings or other transactions that might dilute the voting or other rights of the proposed acquirer or insurgent stockholder or stockholder group.
 
Number of Directors; Filling Vacancies; Removal.
 
Our certificate of incorporation provides that the number of directors of PetroQuest will be as specified in its bylaws and authorizes our board of directors to make, alter, amend or repeal the bylaws. Our bylaws provide for a maximum of 12 directors, as such number shall be determined by resolution of our board of directors from time to time.
 
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors and any vacancies on our board of directors resulting from death, resignation, removal or other cause will be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of our board of directors.
 
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that none of our directors will be removed from office as a director by vote or other action of the stockholders or otherwise except for cause, and then only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the voting power of all of our outstanding shares of capital stock generally entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.
 
No Stockholder Action by Written Consent; Special Meetings.
 
Our certificate of incorporation provides that any action required or permitted to be taken by our stockholders must be effected at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders and may not be effected by any consent in writing by such stockholders. A special meeting of our stockholders may be called only by the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, our board of directors by the written order of a majority of the entire board of directors or upon the written request of stockholders owning not less than two-thirds of the shares of our capital stock issued, outstanding and entitled to vote at such meeting delivered to the President or Secretary that states the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting. Moreover, the business transacted at all special meetings must be confined to the purpose or purposes stated in the notice.
 
Advance Notice Provisions for Stockholder Proposals and Nominations.
 
Our bylaws provide that stockholders seeking to bring business before an annual meeting of stockholders, or to nominate candidates for election as directors at an annual or a special meeting of stockholders, must provide timely notice thereof in writing. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, our principal executive offices no less than 60 days nor more than 120 days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is changed by more than 30 days from such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be received not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the earlier of the date on which a written statement setting forth the date of such meeting was mailed to stockholders or the date on which it is first disclosed to the public. Our bylaws specify certain requirements for a stockholder’s notice to be in proper written form.
 
Limitations on Liability and Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
 
Our certificate of incorporation limits the liability of directors to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. In addition, our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers against losses that they may incur in investigations and legal proceedings resulting from their services to us, which may include services in connection with takeover defense measures.


21


Table of Contents

Rights Agreement.
 
For a description of the anti-takeover effects of the Rights Agreement, see “Description of Preferred Stock Purchase Rights — Certain Effects of the Rights” below.
 
Description of Preferred Stock Purchase Rights
 
Issuance of Rights
 
On November 7, 2001, our board of directors declared a dividend distribution of one Right for each outstanding share of common stock to stockholders of record at the close of business on November 19, 2001, or the Record Date. Except as described below, each Right, when exercisable, entitles the registered holder to purchase from us one one-thousandth (1/1,000th) of a share of Preferred Stock — Junior Participating Series A, par value $.001 per share, at a price of $33.00 per one one-thousandth (1/1,000th) share (the “Purchase Price”), subject to adjustment. The description and terms of the Rights are set forth in a Rights Agreement between us and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights Agent. Each share of our common stock outstanding on November 19, 2001 received one Right, and 500,000 shares of Preferred Stock were reserved for issuance in the event of exercise of the Rights.
 
Transfer and Separation
 
The Rights are not exercisable until the Distribution Date (as defined below). Accordingly, the Rights Agreement provides that, until the Distribution Date (or earlier redemption or expiration of the Rights), the Rights will be transferred with and only with our common stock. Until the Distribution Date (or earlier redemption or expiration of the Rights), new common stock certificates issued after the Record Date upon transfer or new issuance of our common stock will contain a notation incorporating the Rights Agreement by reference. Until the Distribution Date (or earlier redemption or expiration of the Rights), the surrender for transfer of any certificates for our common stock outstanding as of the Record Date, even without such notation, will also constitute the transfer of the Rights associated with our common stock represented by such certificate.
 
As soon as practicable following the Distribution Date, separate certificates evidencing the Rights, or Right Certificates, will be mailed to holders of record of our common stock as of the close of business on the Distribution Date and such separate Right Certificates alone will evidence the Rights. As of and after the Distribution Date, the Rights shall be evidenced solely by Right Certificates and may be transferred by the transfer of the Right Certificate separately and apart from any transfer of one or more shares of our common stock.
 
Distribution Date
 
The term “Distribution Date” means the earlier of:
 
  •  the close of business on the tenth day (or such later date as may be determined by action of the our board of directors) after a public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons (other than certain exempt persons) has acquired, or obtained the right to acquire, beneficial ownership of 15% or more of the outstanding shares of the Common Stock, other than pursuant to a Qualifying Tender Offer (as defined below), referred to herein as an “Acquiring Person”; or
 
  •  the close of business on the tenth business day (or such later date as may be determined by action of the our board of directors) after the date of the commencement or the announcement of the intention to commence by any person or group (other than certain exempt persons) of a tender offer or exchange offer upon the successful completion of which such person or group would be an Acquiring Person, regardless of whether any shares are actually purchased pursuant to such offer.
 
A person or group is generally not considered an “Acquiring Person,” if the beneficial ownership of its common stock that would otherwise cause it to be an Acquiring Person was acquired in a transaction or series of transactions approved in advance by the our board of directors or is as a result of a reduction in the number of issued and outstanding shares of common stock pursuant to a transaction or series of transactions approved by our board of directors, or our board of directors determines in good faith that the person who would


22


Table of Contents

otherwise be an Acquiring Person has become such inadvertently and such person divests as promptly as practicable a sufficient number of shares of our common stock so that the person would no longer beneficially own 15% or more of our outstanding common stock.
 
A “Qualifying Tender Offer” means a tender offer or exchange offer that a majority of the members of our board of directors determine to be at a fair price and otherwise in the best interests of PetroQuest and its stockholders.
 
Exercise
 
Until the Distribution Date, the Rights are not exercisable. However, in the event that any person or group of affiliated or associated persons becomes an Acquiring Person, and subject to our right to redeem the Rights, each holder of a Right (other than an Acquiring Person) will thereafter have the right to receive upon exercise a number of one one-thousandths (1/1,000ths) of a share of Preferred Stock determined by dividing the aggregate Purchase Price (subject to adjustment) by 50% of the current market price of our common stock on the date a person becomes an Acquiring Person. Because of the nature of the voting, dividend, and liquidation rights of the Preferred Stock, the value of each one one-thousandth (1/1,000th) interest in a share of Preferred Stock purchasable upon exercise of each Right should approximate the value of one share of our common stock. It is therefore anticipated (although there can be no assurance) that the value of the Preferred Stock purchased upon exercise of the Rights will be approximately twice the exercise price paid.
 
If the Rights are not redeemed as described below and in the event that we are acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction or 50% or more of our consolidated assets or earning power are sold after a person or group has become an Acquiring Person, proper provision will be made so that each holder of a Right will thereafter have the right to receive, upon the exercise thereof at the then current Purchase Price, that number of shares of common stock of the acquiring company which at the time of such transaction will have a market value of two times the aggregate Purchase Price of the Rights.
 
Following the occurrence of any of the events set forth in the preceding two paragraphs, any Rights that are, or (under certain circumstances specified in the Rights Agreement) were, beneficially owned by any Acquiring Person will immediately become null and void. While the distribution of the Rights to holders of our common stock will not be taxable to such holders or to us, stockholders may recognize taxable income upon the occurrence of subsequent events — for example, upon the Rights becoming exercisable with respect to an acquiror’s stock, whether or not exercised.
 
The Rights will expire on November 7, 2011, or the Final Expiration Date, unless the Final Expiration Date is extended or unless the Rights are earlier redeemed or exchanged by us, as described below. Until a Right is exercised, the holder thereof, as such, will have no rights as a stockholder of PetroQuest, including, without limitation, the right to vote or to receive dividends.
 
Redemption
 
At any time prior to (i) the earlier of the close of business on the tenth day after an Acquiring Person becomes such or (ii) the Final Expiration Date, our board of directors may redeem the Rights in whole, but not in part, at a price of $.001 per Right, subject to adjustment (the “Redemption Price”). The redemption of the Rights may be made effective at such time, on such basis and with such conditions as our board of directors, in its sole discretion, may establish. Immediately upon any redemption of the Rights, the right to exercise the Rights will terminate, and the sole right of the holders of Rights will be to receive the Redemption Price.
 
Exchange
 
At any time after any person or group becomes an Acquiring Person and prior to the acquisition by such person or group of 50% or more of our outstanding common stock, our board of directors may exchange the Rights (other than Rights owned by such person or group which will have become void), in whole or in part, at an exchange ratio of one share of our common stock or one one-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock per Right (subject to adjustment).


23


Table of Contents

 
The Preferred Stock
 
Each share of Preferred Stock will be entitled to an aggregate dividend of 1,000 times the dividend declared per share of our common stock. In the event of liquidation, the holders of the Preferred Stock will be entitled to an aggregate payment of 1,000 times the payment made per share of our common stock, but in no event shall they receive less than $1,000 per share. Each share of Preferred Stock will have 1,000 votes, voting together with our common stock, except as otherwise provided by law. Finally, in the event of any merger, consolidation, or other transaction in which our common stock is exchanged, each share of Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive 1,000 times the amount received per share of our common stock. The shares of Preferred Stock purchasable under the Rights Plan will not be redeemable.
 
Antidilution
 
The Purchase Price payable, the number of Rights, and the number of shares of Preferred Stock or other securities or property issuable, upon exercise of the Rights, are subject to adjustment from time to time to prevent dilution, among other circumstances, in the event of a stock dividend on, or a subdivision, split, combination, consolidation or reclassification of, the Preferred Stock or our common stock, or a reverse split of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock or our common stock.
 
With certain exceptions, no adjustment in the Purchase Price will be required until cumulative adjustments require an adjustment of at least 1% in the Purchase Price. We may, but are not required to, issue fractional Rights or fractional Preferred Stock (other than fractions which are integral multiples of one one-thousandth (1/1,000th) of a share of Preferred Stock) which may, at our election, be evidenced by depositary receipts. In lieu thereof, an adjustment in cash will be made based upon the market price of our common stock on the last trading day prior to the date of exercise.
 
Amendment of Rights Agreement
 
Prior to the Distribution Date, we may supplement or amend any provision of the Rights Agreement without the approval of any holders of the Rights. From and after the Distribution Date, we may supplement or amend the Rights Agreement without the approval of any holders of Right Certificates in order to (a) cure any ambiguity, (b) correct or supplement any provision contained therein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision therein, (c) shorten or lengthen any time period thereunder or (d) change or supplement the provisions thereof in any manner which we may deem necessary or desirable and which does not adversely affect the interests of the holders of Right Certificates (other than Acquiring Person or an Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person). Notwithstanding the foregoing, no supplement or amendment pursuant to clause (c) may lengthen (i) a time period relating to when the Rights may be redeemed at such time as the Rights are not then redeemable or (ii) any other time period unless such lengthening is for the purpose of protecting, enhancing or clarifying the rights of, and/or the benefits to, the holders of Rights.
 
Certain Effects of the Rights
 
The Rights have certain anti-takeover effects. The Rights will cause substantial dilution to a person or group that attempts to acquire us without conditioning the offer on the Rights being redeemed or a substantial number of Rights being acquired, and under certain circumstances the Rights beneficially owned (or that were owned) by such a person or group may become void. The Rights should not interfere with any merger or other business combination approved by our board of directors because, if the Rights would become exercisable as a result of such merger or other business combination, our board of directors, may, at its option, prior to the time that any person becomes an Acquiring Person, redeem all (but not less than all) of the then outstanding Rights at the Redemption Price.
 
Listing
 
Our common stock is listed for quotation on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “PQ.”
 
Transfer Agent and Registrar
 
American Stock Transfer & Trust Company is transfer agent and registrar for our common stock.


24


Table of Contents

 
DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES
 
General
 
We may, at our option, elect to have shares of preferred stock be represented by depositary shares. The shares of any series of the preferred stock underlying the depositary shares will be deposited under a separate deposit agreement between us and a bank or trust company selected by us as the depositary. Subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, each owner of a depositary share will be entitled, in proportion to the applicable interest in the number of shares of preferred stock underlying such depositary share, to all the rights and preferences of the preferred stock underlying such depositary share, including dividend, voting, redemption, conversion, exchange and liquidation rights.
 
The depositary shares will be evidenced by depositary receipts issued pursuant to the deposit agreement, each of which will represent the applicable interest in a number of shares of a particular series of the preferred stock described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
 
Unless otherwise specified in this prospectus supplement, a holder of depositary shares is not entitled to receive the shares of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares.
 
Dividends and Other Distributions
 
The depositary will distribute all cash dividends or other cash distributions received in respect of the preferred stock to the record holders of depositary shares representing such preferred stock in proportion to the numbers of such depositary shares owned by such holders on the relevant record date.
 
In the event of a distribution other than in cash, the depositary will distribute property received by it to the record holders of depositary shares entitled thereto or the depositary may, with our approval, sell such property and distribute the net proceeds from such sale to such holders.
 
Redemption of Depositary Shares
 
If preferred stock underlying the depositary shares is subject to redemption, the depositary shares will be redeemed from the proceeds received by the depositary resulting from the redemption, in whole or in part, of the preferred stock held by the depositary. The redemption price per depositary share will be equal to the aggregate redemption price payable with respect to the number of shares of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares. Whenever we redeem preferred stock from the depositary, the depositary will redeem as of the same redemption date a proportionate number of depositary shares representing the shares of preferred stock that were redeemed. If less than all the depositary shares are to be redeemed, the depositary shares to be redeemed will be selected by lot, pro rata or by another equitable method as may be determined by us.
 
After the date fixed for redemption, the depositary shares so called for redemption will no longer be deemed to be outstanding and all rights of the holders of the depositary shares will cease, except the right to receive the redemption price payable upon such redemption. Any funds deposited by us with the depositary for any depositary shares which the holders thereof fail to redeem shall be returned to us after a period of two years from the date such funds are so deposited.
 
Voting
 
Upon receipt of notice of any meeting or action in lieu of any meeting at which the holders of any shares of preferred stock underlying the depositary shares are entitled to vote, the depositary will mail the information contained in such notice to the record holders of the depositary shares relating to such preferred stock. Each record holder of such depositary shares on the record date (which will be the same date as the record date for the preferred stock) will be entitled to instruct the depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights pertaining to the number of shares of preferred stock underlying such holder’s depositary shares. The depositary will endeavor, insofar as practicable, to vote the number of shares of preferred stock underlying such depositary shares in accordance with such instructions, and we will agree to take all action which may be deemed necessary by the depositary in order to enable the depositary to do so.


25


Table of Contents

Amendment of the Depositary Agreement
 
The form of depositary receipt evidencing the depositary shares and any provision of the deposit agreement may at any time be amended by agreement between us and the depositary, provided, however, that any amendment which materially and adversely alters the rights of the existing holders of depositary shares will not be effective unless such amendment has been approved by at least a majority of the depositary shares then outstanding.
 
Charges of Depositary
 
We will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental charges that arise solely from the existence of the depositary arrangements. We will pay charges of the depositary in connection with the initial deposit of the preferred stock and any exchange or redemption of the preferred stock. Holders of depositary shares will pay all other transfer and other taxes and governmental charges, and, in addition, such other charges as are expressly provided in the deposit agreement to be for their accounts.
 
Miscellaneous
 
We, or at our option, the depositary, will forward to the holders of depositary shares all reports and communications from us which we are required to furnish to the holders of preferred stock.
 
Neither the depositary nor we will be liable if either of us is prevented or delayed by law or any circumstances beyond our control in performing our obligations under the deposit agreement. Our obligations and those of the depositary under the deposit agreement will be limited to performance in good faith of our duties thereunder and we and the depositary will not be obligated to prosecute or defend any legal proceeding in respect of any depositary share or preferred stock unless satisfactory indemnity has been furnished. We and the depositary may rely upon written advice of counsel or accountants, or information provided by persons presenting preferred stock for deposit, holders of depositary shares or other persons believed to be competent and on documents believed to be genuine.
 
Resignation and Removal of Depositary; Termination of the Deposit Agreement
 
The depositary may resign at any time by delivering to us notice of its election to do so, and we may at any time remove the depositary, any such resignation or removal to take effect upon the appointment of a successor depositary and its acceptance of such appointment. Such successor depositary will be appointed by us within 60 days after delivery of the notice of resignation or removal. The deposit agreement may be terminated at our direction or by the depositary if a period of 90 days has expired after the depositary has delivered to us written notice of its election to resign and a successor depositary has not been appointed. Upon termination of the deposit agreement, the depositary will discontinue the transfer of depositary receipts, will suspend the distribution of dividends to the holders thereof, and will not give any further notices (other than notice of such termination) or perform any further acts under the deposit agreement except that the depositary will continue to deliver preferred stock certificates, together with such dividends and distributions and the net proceeds of any sales of rights, preferences, privileges or other property in exchange for depositary receipts surrendered. Upon our request, the depositary shall deliver all books, records, certificates evidencing preferred stock, depositary receipts and other documents relating to the subject matter of the depositary agreement to us.


26


Table of Contents

 
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
 
We may issue warrants to purchase debt securities, preferred stock, common stock, depositary shares, purchase contracts or units that are registered pursuant to the registration statement to which this prospectus relates. We may issue warrants independently or together with other securities that are registered pursuant to the registration statement to which this prospectus relates. Warrants sold with other securities may be attached to or separate from the other securities. We will issue each series of warrants under a separate warrant agreement between us and a warrant agent that we will name in the prospectus supplement. We will describe additional terms of the warrants and the applicable warrant agreements in the applicable prospectus supplement.
 
General
 
If warrants are offered, the prospectus supplement relating to a series of warrants will include the specific terms of the warrants, including:
 
  •  the offering price;
 
  •  the title of the warrants;
 
  •  the aggregate number of warrants offered;
 
  •  the dates or periods during which the warrants can be exercised;
 
  •  whether the warrants will be issued in individual certificates to holders or in the form of global securities held by a depositary on behalf of holders;
 
  •  the designation and terms of any securities with which the warrants are issued;
 
  •  if the warrants are issued as a unit with another security, the date, if any, on and after which the warrants and the other security will be separately transferable;
 
  •  if the exercise price is not payable in U.S. dollars, the foreign currency, currency unit or composite currency in which the exercise price is denominated;
 
  •  any terms, procedures and limitations relating to the transferability, exchange or exercise of the warrants;
 
  •  any special tax implications of the warrants or their exercise;
 
  •  any antidilution provisions of the warrants;
 
  •  any redemption or call provisions applicable to the warrants; and
 
  •  any other terms of the warrants.
 
Transfers and Exchanges
 
A holder will be able to exchange warrant certificates for new warrant certificates of different denominations, or to transfer warrants, at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the prospectus supplement. Prior to exercise, holders of warrants will have none of the rights of holders of the underlying securities.
 
Exercise
 
Holders will be able to exercise warrants up to 5:00 P.M. New York City time on the date set forth in the prospectus supplement as the expiration date.
 
After this time, unless we have extended the expiration date, the unexercised warrants will be void.


27


Table of Contents

Subject to any restrictions and additional requirements that may be set forth in a prospectus supplement, holders of warrants may exercise them by delivering to the warrant agent at its corporate trust office the following:
 
  •  warrant certificates properly completed; and
 
  •  payment of the exercise price.
 
As soon as practicable after the delivery, we will issue and deliver to the indicated holder the securities purchasable upon exercise. If a holder does not exercise all the warrants represented by a particular certificate, we will also issue a new certificate for the remaining number of warrants.
 
No Rights of Security Holder Prior to Exercise
 
Prior to the exercise of their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon the exercise of the warrants, and will not be entitled to:
 
  •  in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, payments of principal of, premium, if any, or interest, if any, on the debt securities purchasable upon exercise; or
 
  •  in the case of warrants to purchase equity securities, the right to vote or to receive dividend payments or similar distributions on the securities purchasable upon exercise.
 
Enforceability of Rights by Holders of Warrants
 
Each warrant agent will act solely as our agent under the relevant warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for any warrantholder. A single bank or trust company may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant agent will have no duty or responsibility if we default in performing our obligations under the relevant warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to initiate any legal proceedings or to make any demand upon us.
 
Title
 
We and the warrant agents and any of our respective agents may treat the registered holder of any warrant certificate as the absolute owner of the warrants evidenced by that certificate for any purpose and as the person entitled to exercise the rights attaching to the warrants so requested, despite any notice to the contrary.


28


Table of Contents

 
DESCRIPTION OF PURCHASE CONTRACTS
 
We may issue purchase contracts obligating holders to purchase from us, and us to sell to the holders, a specified number, or amount, of securities at a future date or dates. The purchase contracts may be issued separately or as part of units consisting of a purchase contract and an underlying debt or preferred security covered by this prospectus, U.S. Treasury security or other U.S. government or agency obligation. The holder of the unit may be required to pledge the debt, preferred security, U.S. Treasury security or other U.S. government or agency obligation to secure its obligations under the purchase contract.
 
If purchase contracts are offered, the prospectus supplement will specify the material terms of the purchase contracts, the units and any applicable pledge or depository arrangements, including one or more of the following:
 
  •  the stated amount that a holder will be obligated to pay under the purchase contract in order to purchase the underlying security;
 
  •  the settlement date or dates on which the holder will be obligated to purchase the underlying security and whether the occurrence of any events may cause the settlement date to occur on an earlier date and the terms on which any early settlement would occur;
 
  •  the events, if any, that will cause our obligations and the obligations of the holder under the purchase contract to terminate;
 
  •  the settlement rate, which is a number that, when multiplied by the stated amount of a purchase contract, determines the number, or amount, of securities that we will be obligated to sell and a holder will be obligated to purchase under that purchase contract upon payment of the stated amount of that purchase contract;
 
  •  whether the purchase contracts will be issued separately or as part of units consisting of a purchase contract and an underlying debt or preferred security with an aggregate principal amount or liquidation amount equal to the stated amount;
 
  •  the type of security, if any, that is pledged by the holder to secure its obligations under a purchase contract;
 
  •  the terms of the pledge arrangement relating to the security, including the terms on which distributions or payments of interest and principal on the security will be retained by a collateral agent, delivered to us or be distributed to the holder; and
 
  •  the amount of the contract fee, if any, that may be payable by us to the holder or by the holder to us, the date or dates on which the contract fee will be payable and the extent to which we or the holder, as applicable, may defer payment of the contract fee on those payment dates.


29


Table of Contents

 
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS
 
As specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may issue units consisting of one or more shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock, warrants, debt securities, purchase contracts, or any combination of such securities, including guarantees of non-convertible debt securities. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe:
 
  •  the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances the securities comprising the units may be separately traded;
 
  •  the terms and conditions applicable to the units, including a description of the terms of any applicable unit agreement governing the units; and
 
  •  a description of the provisions for the payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units.


30


Table of Contents

 
GLOBAL SECURITIES
 
We may issue the debt securities, warrants, purchase contracts and units of any series in the form of one or more fully registered global securities that will be deposited with a depositary or with a nominee for a depositary and registered in the name of the depositary or its nominee. In that case, one or more global securities will be issued in a denomination or aggregate denominations equal to the portion of the aggregate principal or face amount of outstanding registered securities of the series to be represented by such global securities. Unless and until the depositary exchanges a global security in whole for securities in definitive registered form, the global security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary to a nominee of the depositary or by a nominee of the depositary to the depositary or another nominee of the depositary or by the depositary or any of its nominees to a successor of the depositary or a nominee of such successor.
 
The specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any portion of a series of securities to be represented by a global security will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to such series. We anticipate that the following provisions will apply to all depositary arrangements.
 
Ownership of beneficial interests in a global security will be limited to persons that have accounts with the depositary for such global security known as “participants” or persons that may hold interests through such participants.
 
Upon the issuance of a global security, the depositary for such global security will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the participants’ accounts with the respective principal or face amounts of the securities represented by the global security beneficially owned by the participants. The accounts to be credited shall be designated by any dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of such securities.
 
Ownership of beneficial interests in such global security will be shown on, and the transfer of such ownership interests will be effected only through, records maintained by the depositary for such global security (with respect to interests of participants) and on the records of participants (with respect to interests of persons holding through participants). The laws of some states may require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities in definitive form. Such limits and such laws may impair the ability to own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in global securities.
 
So long as the depositary for a global security, or its nominee, is the registered owner of such global security, such depositary or such nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the securities represented by such global security for all purposes under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement, purchase contract or unit agreement. Except as set forth below, owners of beneficial interests in a global security will not be entitled to have the securities represented by such global security registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of such securities in definitive form and will not be considered the owners or holders thereof under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement, purchase contract or unit agreement. Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a global security must rely on the procedures of the depositary for the global security and, if such person is not a participant, on the procedures of the participant through which such person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement, purchase contract or unit agreement. We understand that under existing industry practices, if we request any action of holders or if an owner of a beneficial interest in a global security desires to give or take any action which a holder is entitled to give or take under the applicable indenture, warrant agreement, purchase contract or unit agreement, the depositary for such global security would authorize the participants holding the relevant beneficial interests to give or take such action, and such participants would authorize beneficial owners owning through such participants to give or take such action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial owners holding through them.
 
Principal, premium, if any, and interest payments on debt securities, and any payments to holders with respect to warrants, purchase contracts or units represented by a global security registered in the name of a depositary or its nominee will be made to such depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner of such global security. None of us, the trustees, the warrant agents, the unit agents or any of our other agents, agent of the trustees or agent of the warrant agents or unit agents will have any responsibility or


31


Table of Contents

liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such global security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.
 
We expect that the depositary for any securities represented by a global security, or its nominee, upon receipt of any payment of principal, premium, interest or other distribution of underlying securities or commodities to holders in respect of such global security, will immediately credit participants’ accounts in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in such global security as shown on the records of such depositary or its nominee. We also expect that payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in such global security held through such participants will be governed by standing customer instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with the securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such participants.
 
If the depositary for any securities represented by a global security is at any time unwilling or unable to continue as depositary or ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, and we do not appoint a successor depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act within 90 days, we will issue such securities in definitive form in exchange for such global security. In addition, we may at any time and in our sole discretion determine not to have any of the securities of a series represented by one or more global securities and, in such event, will issue securities of such series in definitive form in exchange for all of the global security or securities representing such securities. Any securities issued in definitive form in exchange for a global security will be registered in such name or names as the depositary shall instruct the relevant trustee, warrant agent or other relevant agent of ours. We expect that such instructions will be based upon directions received by the depositary from participants with respect to ownership of beneficial interests in such global security.


32


Table of Contents

 
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
 
We may sell our securities from time to time through underwriters, dealers or agents or directly to purchasers, in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. We may use these methods in any combination.
 
By Underwriters
 
We may use an underwriter or underwriters in the offer or sale of our securities.
 
  •  If we use an underwriter or underwriters, the offered securities will be acquired by the underwriters for their own account.
 
  •  We will include the names of the specific managing underwriter or underwriters, as well as any other underwriters, and the terms of the transactions, including the compensation the underwriters and dealers will receive, in the prospectus supplement.
 
  •  The underwriters will use this prospectus and the prospectus supplement to sell our securities.
 
We may also sell securities pursuant to one or more standby agreements with one or more underwriters in connection with the call, redemption or exchange of a specified class or series of any of our outstanding securities. In a standby agreement, the underwriter or underwriters would agree either:
 
  •  to purchase from us up to the number of shares of common stock that would be issuable upon conversion or exchange of all the shares of the class or series of our securities at an agreed price per share of common stock; or
 
  •  to purchase from us up to a specified dollar amount of offered securities at an agreed price per offered security, which price may be fixed or may be established by formula or other method and which may or may not relate to market prices of our common stock or any other outstanding security.
 
The underwriter or underwriters would also agree, if applicable, to convert or exchange any securities of the class or series held or purchased by the underwriter or underwriters into or for our common stock or other security.
 
The underwriter or underwriters may assist in the solicitation of conversions or exchanges by holders of the class or series of securities.
 
By Dealers
 
We may use a dealer to sell our securities.
 
  •  If we use a dealer, we, as principal, will sell our securities to the dealer.
 
  •  The dealer will then resell our securities to the public at varying prices that the dealer will determine at the time it sells our securities.
 
  •  We will include the name of the dealer and the terms of our transactions with the dealer in the prospectus supplement.
 
By Agents
 
We may designate agents to solicit offers to purchase our securities.
 
  •  We will name any agent involved in offering or selling our securities and any commissions that we will pay to the agent in the prospectus supplement.
 
  •  Unless we indicate otherwise in the prospectus supplement, our agents will act on a best efforts basis for the period of their appointment.


33


Table of Contents

 
  •  Our agents may be deemed to be underwriters under the Securities Act of any of our securities that they offer or sell.
 
By Delayed Delivery Contracts
 
We may authorize our agents and underwriters to solicit offers by certain institutions to purchase our securities at the public offering price under delayed delivery contracts.
 
  •  If we use delayed delivery contracts, we will disclose that we are using them in the prospectus supplement and will tell you when we will demand payment and delivery of the securities under the delayed delivery contracts.
 
  •  These delayed delivery contracts will be subject only to the conditions that we set forth in the prospectus supplement.
 
  •  We will indicate in the prospectus supplement the commission that underwriters and agents soliciting purchases of our securities under delayed delivery contracts will be entitled to receive.
 
Direct Sales
 
We may directly solicit offers to purchase our securities, and we may directly sell our securities to institutional or other investors, including our affiliates. We will describe the terms of our direct sales in the prospectus supplement. We may also sell our securities upon the exercise of rights which we may issue.
 
General Information
 
Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of our securities may be underwriters as defined in the Securities Act, and any discounts or commissions they receive and any profit they make on the resale of the offered securities may be treated as underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. Any underwriters or agents will be identified and their compensation described in a prospectus supplement. We may indemnify agents, underwriters, and dealers against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or make contributions to payments they may be required to make relating to those liabilities. Our agents, underwriters, and dealers, or their affiliates, may be customers of, engage in transactions with, or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.
 
Each series of securities offered by this prospectus may be a new issue of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters to whom securities offered by this prospectus are sold by us for public offering and sale may make a market in the securities offered by this prospectus, but the underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. No assurance can be given as to the liquidity of the trading market for any securities offered by this prospectus.
 
Representatives of the underwriters through whom our securities are sold for public offering and sale may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, syndicate short covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Over-allotment involves syndicate sales in excess of the offering size, which creates a syndicate short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the offered securities so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum.
 
Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the offered securities in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. Penalty bids permit the representative of the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the offered securities originally sold by such syndicate member are purchased in a syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions. Such stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may cause the price of the offered securities to be higher than it would otherwise be in the absence of such transactions. These transactions may be effected on a national securities exchange and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time. Underwriters, dealers and agents may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for, us and our subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business.


34


Table of Contents

Fees and Commissions
 
In compliance with the guidelines of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), the aggregate maximum discount, commission or agency fees or other items constituting underwriting compensation to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker-dealer will not exceed 8% of any offering pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or pricing supplement, as the case may be; however, it is anticipated that the maximum commission or discount to be received in any particular offering of securities will be significantly less than this amount.
 
If more than 10% of the net proceeds of any offering of securities made under this prospectus will be received by FINRA members participating in the offering or affiliates or associated persons of such FINRA members, the offering will be conducted in accordance with FINRA Conduct Rule 5110(h).
 
LEGAL MATTERS
 
Certain legal matters in connection with the securities offered hereby will be passed on for us by Porter & Hedges, L.L.P., Houston, Texas. The validity of issuance of certain of the offered securities and other matters arising under Louisiana law are being passed upon by Onebane Law Firm, Lafayette, Louisiana. Any underwriters will be advised about other issues relating to any offering by their own legal counsel.
 
EXPERTS
 
The consolidated financial statements of PetroQuest Energy, Inc. and subsidiaries appearing in PetroQuest Energy, Inc.’s Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2008, and the effectiveness of PetroQuest Energy, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their reports thereon included therein, and incorporated herein by reference. Such financial statements are, and audited financial statements to be included in subsequently filed documents will be, incorporated herein in reliance upon the reports of Ernst & Young LLP pertaining to such financial statements and the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the respective dates (to the extent covered by consents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission) given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
 
The information incorporated by reference in this prospectus regarding estimated quantities of reserves, the future net revenues from those reserves and their present value is based on estimates of the reserves and present values prepared by Ryder Scott Company, L.P. and Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc., each independent petroleum engineers.


35


Table of Contents

(PETROQUEST ENERGY, INC. LOGO)