UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
20549
FORM 40-F
[ ] REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13(a) OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010
Commission File Number: 001-31729
GREAT BASIN GOLD
LTD.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
| British Columbia, Canada | 1040 | Not Applicable |
| (Province or Other Jurisdiction of | (Primary Standard Industrial | (I.R.S. Employer |
| Incorporation or Organization) | Classification Code) | Identification No.) |
138 West Street, Ground Floor
Sandown, 2196
P.O. Box 78182
Sandton, South Africa 2146
+27 11 301 1800
(Address and telephone number of
Registrants principal executive offices)
Corporation Service Company
Suite 400, 2711
Centerville Road
Wilmington, Delaware 19808
(800)
927-9800
(Name, address (including zip code) and telephone number
(including
area code) of agent for service in the United States)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title Of Each Class | Name Of Each Exchange On Which Registered |
| Common Shares, no par value | NYSE Amex LLC |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None
For annual reports, indicate by check mark the information filed with this Form:
[X] Annual Information Form [X] Audited Annual Financial Statements
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the
Registrants classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period
covered by the annual report: 414,015,108 Common
Shares Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant by filing the
information contained in this Form is also thereby furnishing the information to
the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 (the Exchange Act). If yes is marked, indicate the file number assigned
to the Registrant in connection with such Rule.
Yes [
] No [X]
1
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all
reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes [X] No
[ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted
electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive
Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation
S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such
shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such
files).
Yes [ ] No [ ]
INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION
In this annual report, references to the Company or Great Basin mean Great Basin Gold Ltd. and its subsidiaries, unless the context suggests otherwise.
Unless otherwise indicated, all amounts in this annual report are in Canadian dollars and all references to $ mean Canadian dollars.
PRINCIPAL DOCUMENTS
The following documents that are filed as exhibits to this annual report are incorporated by reference herein:
the Companys Annual Information Form for the year ended December 31, 2010;
the Companys Audited Consolidated Financial Statements as at and for the two years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009;
the Companys Management Discussion and Analysis for the year ended December 31, 2010.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This annual report includes or incorporates by reference certain statements that constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements appear in a number of places in this annual report and documents incorporated by reference herein and include statements regarding the Companys intent, belief or current expectation and that of the Companys officers and directors. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause the Companys actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. When used in this annual report or in documents incorporated by reference in this annual report, words such as believe, anticipate, estimate, project, intend, expect, may, will, plan, should, would, contemplate, possible, attempts, seeks and similar expressions are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on various factors and were derived utilizing numerous assumptions that could cause the Companys actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. Accordingly, readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.
2
Such statements reflect the Companys current views with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties and are necessarily based upon a number of estimates and assumptions that, while considered reasonable by the Company, are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, political and social uncertainties and contingencies. Many factors could cause the Companys actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements that may be expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, including, among others:
the value of our reserves and the outlook for profitable mining from our operations is dependent on continuing strong gold prices. Gold prices are historically volatile and gold can be subject to long periods of depressed prices;
the estimation of mineral resources is a subjective process, the accuracy of which is a function of the quantity and quality of available data and the assumptions made and judgments used in the engineering and geological interpretation of that data and such assumptions and judgment, which may prove un-reliable or mistaken. Reserves may be subject to revision based on various factors, some of which are beyond our control. There is no certainty we will ultimately be able to classify all our mineral resources as mineable reserves under SEC rules;
our Nevada operations are trial mining only and are subject to current and potential permit restrictions and/or permit delays which could hinder or ultimately prevent full production mining at the Hollister Property. Failure or delay to successfully complete a required environmental impact statement will delay or preclude the move into full production mining at the Hollister Property;
our operations in South Africa are subject to political risk and the mining laws of post-apartheid South Africa are still evolving with tenure rights which have not been extensively tested in the courts or are not yet fully settled, meaning that our ability to retain prospecting and mining rights may be subject to unexpected changes or conditions;
mining risks which affect all companies in our industry to different degrees include impact and cost of compliance with environmental regulations and the actions of mining opposition groups, adverse changes in mining and reclamation laws and compliance with increasingly complex health and safety rules. We rely on key personnel to a significant degree and the unexpected departure of some of them could cause delays. We could encounter unexpected geological structures, water tables, infrastructure problems, such as power outages and unexpected natural events such as earthquake, floods, tornado and storms; and
other general and specific risks detailed from time-to-time in the Companys quarterly filings, annual information forms, annual reports and annual filings with Canadian securities regulators and those which are discussed under the heading Risk Factors.
Key assumptions upon which the Companys forward-looking statements are based include the following:
that the price of gold will neither fall significantly nor for a lengthy period;
that there will be no significant changes to the mining laws or exchange controls in South Africa that could materially adversely affect the Companys title to the Burnstone Property;
that the Company will receive the necessary permits for full production at the Hollister Property and the environmental impact statement will be completed and the amended Plan of Operations approved without imposition of material unforeseen mining restrictions or additional compliance burden;
that no significant impediments develop in respect of the Companys ability to comply with environmental, safety and other regulatory requirements;
that there will be no further material upheavals in world markets and that interest and exchange rates will remain relatively stable;
that key personnel will continue their employment with the Company.
3
Readers are referred to the section entitled Risk Factors in the Companys Annual Information Form for a more detailed discussion of such risks and other important factors that could cause the Companys actual results to differ materially from those in such forward-looking statements. The Company assumes no obligation to update or to publicly announce the results of any change to any of the forward-looking statements contained or incorporated by reference herein to reflect actual results, future events or developments, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting the forward-looking statements, other than where a duty to update such information or provide further disclosure is imposed by applicable law, including applicable United States federal securities laws.
CAUTIONARY NOTE TO UNITED STATES INVESTORS
CONCERNING
ESTIMATES OF MEASURED, INDICATED AND INFERRED RESOURCES
The disclosure in this annual report, including the documents incorporated by reference herein, uses terms that comply with reporting standards in Canada and certain estimates are made in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43-101). NI 43-101 is a rule developed by the Canadian Securities Administrators that establishes standards for all public disclosure an issuer makes of scientific and technical information concerning mineral projects. Unless otherwise indicated, all reserve and resource estimates contained in or incorporated by reference in this annual report have been prepared in accordance with NI 43-101. These standards differ significantly from the requirements of the SEC, and reserve and resource information contained herein and incorporated by reference herein may not be comparable to similar information disclosed by U.S. companies.
This annual report includes mineral reserve estimates that have been calculated in accordance with NI 43-101, as required by Canadian securities regulatory authorities. For United States reporting purposes, SEC Industry Guide 7 (under the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act)), as interpreted by Staff of the SEC, applies different standards in order to classify mineralization as a reserve. As a result, the definitions of proven and probable reserves used in NI 43-101 differ from the definitions in the SEC Industry Guide 7. Under SEC standards, mineralization may not be classified as a "reserve" unless the determination has been made that the mineralization could be economically and legally produced or extracted at the time the reserve determination is made. Among other things, all necessary permits would be required to be in hand or issuance imminent in order to classify mineralized material as reserves under the SEC standards. Accordingly, some of the mineral reserve estimates contained in this annual report may not qualify as reserves under SEC standards.
In addition, this annual report uses the terms measured mineral resources, indicated mineral resources and inferred mineral resources to comply with the reporting standards in Canada. We advise United States investors that while those terms are recognized and required by Canadian regulations, the SEC does not recognize them. United States investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of the mineral deposits in these categories will ever be converted into mineral reserves. These terms have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibility.
Further, inferred resources have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence and as to whether they can be mined legally or economically. Therefore, United States investors are also cautioned not to assume that all or any part of the inferred resources exists. In accordance with Canadian rules, estimates of inferred mineral resources cannot form the basis of feasibility or other economic studies.
It cannot be assumed that all or any part of measured mineral resources, indicated mineral resources, or inferred mineral resources will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part of the reported measured mineral resources, indicated mineral resources, or inferred mineral resources in this annual report is economically or legally mineable.
In addition, disclosure of contained ounces is permitted disclosure under Canadian regulations; however, the SEC only permits issuers to report mineralization as in place tonnage and grade without reference to unit measures.
For the above reasons, information contained in this annual report and the documents incorporated by reference herein containing descriptions of our mineral deposits may not be comparable to similar information made public by U.S. companies subject to the reporting and disclosure requirements under the United States federal securities laws and the rules and regulations there under.
4
NOTE TO UNITED STATES READERS REGARDING
DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN REPORTING PRACTICES
The Company is permitted to prepare this annual report in accordance with Canadian disclosure requirements, which are different from those of the United States. The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in accordance with Canadian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Canadian GAAP) which principles differ in certain respects from United States generally accepted accounting principles (US GAAP) and from practices prescribed by the SEC. Therefore, the Companys financial statements incorporated by reference in this annual report may not be comparable to financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. You should refer to the discussion of the principal differences between our financial results determined under Canadian GAAP and under U.S. GAAP that is contained in Note 25 Reconciliation with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles to the Companys consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2010.
DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure controls and procedures are defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act) to mean controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SECs rules and forms and includes, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the issuers management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, our management carried out an evaluation, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act, are effective.
INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
The management of Great Basin Gold Ltd. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f ) and 15d-15(f ) of the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the companys principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the companys board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:
Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company;
Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and
Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the companys assets that may have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
5
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2010. In making this assessment, the Companys management used the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
Based upon this assessment, management concluded that the Companys internal control over financial reporting was effective as at December 31, 2010.
The Companys independent registered auditor, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, has audited the Companys financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 40-F, and has issued an attestation report on the Companys internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2010. The auditors attestation report is included as part of Exhibit 99.6.
CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
During the year the Company has designed and implemented its control environment to include relevant internal controls in response to the Companys transition from developer to producer with further internal controls to be implemented during 2011 in response to the Burnstone production build-up. These include new internal controls addressing revenue recognition, inventory and production costs, depletion, depreciation and development costs incurred following commencement of commercial production. The implementation of these internal controls over financial reporting will have a material impact and are reasonably likely to affect our internal control over financial reporting.
AUDIT COMMITTEE
The Companys Board of Directors has established a separately-designated Audit Committee of the board in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act for the purpose of overseeing the Companys accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the Companys annual financial statements. As at the date of the filing, the Audit Committee was comprised of Patrick Cooke, David Elliott and Wayne Kirk.
AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
The Companys Board of Directors has determined that Patrick Cooke, chairman of the Audit Committee of the board, is an audit committee financial expert (as that term is defined in Item 407 of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act) and is an independent director under applicable securities laws and the listing standards of NYSE Amex LLC.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The following table sets forth information regarding amounts paid to the Companys independent auditors for each of the Companys last two fiscal years:
| Year Ended December 31 | ||||||
2010 |
2009 |
|||||
| Audit Fees | $ | 358,176 | $ | 478,330 | ||
| Audit Related Fees | - | 460,464 | ||||
| Tax Fees | 9,525 | 48,512 | ||||
| All Other Fees | 8,256 | 8,460 | ||||
| Total | $ | 375,957 | $ | 995,766 | ||
6
Audit Fees
Audit fees are the aggregate fees billed by the Companys independent auditor for the audit of the Companys annual consolidated financial statements, reviews of interim consolidated financial statements and attestation services that are provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.
Audit-Related Fees
Audit-related fees are fees charged by the Companys independent auditor for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Companys financial statements and are not reported under "Audit Fees." This category comprises fees billed for employee benefit audits, due diligence assistance, consultations on proposed transactions, internal control reviews and audit and attestation services not required under applicable law, rules and regulations.
Tax Fees
Tax fees are fees for professional services rendered by the Companys independent auditors for tax compliance and tax advice on actual or contemplated transactions.
All Other Fees
All other fees relate to services other than the audit fees, audit-related fees and tax fees described above.
Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies
From time to time, the Companys management requests approval from the Audit Committee of the Companys board for non-audit services from the Companys independent auditors. The Audit Committee pre-approves all such non-audit services with set maximum dollar limits. In considering these requests, the Audit Committee assesses, among other things, whether the services requested would be considered prohibited services as contemplated by the SEC, and whether the services requested and related fees could impair the independence of the Companys auditors.
OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as at December 31, 2010.
The Company and Credit Suisse AG (Credit Suisse) are parties to a $69 million (US$70 million) Term Loan Financing Facility Agreement dated February 23, 2011 (the 2011 Facility). In connection with the 2011 Facility, on March 15, 2011, the Company executed a zero-cost-collar hedge program, consisting of a total of 117,500 ounces of gold spread over a 4 year term commencing in January 2012. The call option was fixed at US$1,930 per ounce with the put option at US$1,050 per ounce. As long as gold trades within these prices there will be no cash cost to the hedge.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
Below is a tabular disclosure of the Companys contractual obligations as at December 31, 2010:
| Less than one | More than 5 | ||||
| Total | year | 1 to 3 years | 3 to 5 years | years | |
| (million) | (million) | (million) | (million) | (million) | |
| Senior secured notes(1)(2) | 55.4 | 55.4 | Nil | Nil | Nil |
| Finance lease liability(1)(3) | 8.2 | 7.8 | 0.4 | Nil | Nil |
| Operating lease obligations | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | Nil | Nil |
| Asset retirement obligations(4) | 7.5 | Nil | Nil | Nil | 7.5 |
| Convertible debentures(5) | 166.5 | 10.1 | 20.2 | 136.2 | Nil |
| Term loan facilities(1)(6) | 80 | 10.4 | 55.5 | 14.1 | Nil |
| Other(7) | 2.7 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
| Total | $320.7 | $84.1 | $78.2 | $150.5 | $7.9 |
7
Notes:
| 1. |
Amounts include scheduled interest payments. |
| 2. |
A total of 41,575 senior secured notes, each in the principal amount of US$1,000, remained outstanding on December 31, 2010. These notes were subject to interest at 14% per annum and were to mature at 120% of principal on December 12, 2011. The notes were guaranteed on a joint and several basis by the Companys Nevada subsidiaries and secured by their assets. On March 15, 2011, approximately US$52 million of the proceeds from the 2011 Facility provided by Credit Suisse were applied to fully pay and settle these notes. |
| 3. |
The principal debt amounts will be repaid in equal monthly installments over a period of 12 to 13 months and bear interest at rates between 6.5% and 22.4% on outstanding capital. The finance leases are collateralized by the leased assets which had a carrying value of $9 million at December 31, 2010. |
| 4. |
The asset retirement obligations are not adjusted for inflation and are not discounted. |
| 5. |
The convertible debentures mature on November 30, 2014 and bear interest at the rate of 8% per annum. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 30 and November 30 of each year. The debentures are direct senior unsecured obligations of the Company and are guaranteed by certain of the Companys subsidiaries. |
| 6. |
2010 Facility |
|
In May 2010, the Company closed a $50 million (US$47 million) term loan facility agreement (the 2010 Facility) with Credit Suisse, and subsequently increased the 2010 Facility by $25.7 million (US$25 million) in August 2010. The 2010 Facility has a maximum term of 4 years from date of draw down and will be repaid in 13 quarterly consecutive instalments, commencing on May 26, 2011, 12 months after initial draw down. The 2010 Facility bears interest at a margin of 4% over the USD LIBOR rate. The Company applied the interest rate in effect on December 31, 2010 in determining the value of future payments. The Company has the option to retire the loan 12 months after draw down at no additional cost. The Burnstone project and certain subsidiary guarantees serve as security for the 2010 Facility. | |
|
2011 Facility | |
|
The Company closed the $69 million (US$70 million) 2011 Facility with Credit Suisse on March 15, 2011. The 2011 Facility was increased from its original principal amount of $59 million (US$60 million) to $69 million (US$70 million) to maximize leverage from what the Companys management considers to be a low-cost facility. The 2011 Facility has been fully drawn down and has a term of 4 years, is repayable in quarterly instalments commencing September 2011, and bears interest at a premium of 3.75% over the 3 month US LIBOR rate. It is secured by the Companys Nevada assets. The related zero cost collar hedging program was to originally consist of a total of approximately 105,000 ounces of gold spread over a 4 year term, but has been expanded to cover a total of approximately 117,000 ounces of gold in light of the increase in the principal amount of the 2011 Facility. | |
| 7. | Other obligations include nominal exploration and environmental obligations. |
CODE OF ETHICS
The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to its officers, employees and directors and promotes, among other things, honest and ethical conduct. The code also promotes compliance by the Companys Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and other senior finance staff with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Investors may view the Companys Code of Ethics on the Companys web site at www.greatbasingold.com. No substantive amendments were made to the Companys Code of Ethics during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010, and no waivers of the Companys Code of Ethics were granted to any principal officer of the Company or any person performing similar functions during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010.
8
NYSE AMEX LLC CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The Companys common shares are listed for trading on the NYSE Amex Equities exchange (NYSE Amex). Section 110 of the NYSE Amex Company Guide permits NYSE Amex LLC, as the responsible self-regulatory organization, to consider the laws, customs and practices of foreign issuers in relaxing certain NYSE Amex LLC listing criteria, and to grant exemptions from NYSE Amex LLC listing criteria based on these considerations. A company seeking relief under these provisions is required to provide written certification from independent local counsel that the non-complying practice is not prohibited by home country law. A description of the significant ways in which the Companys governance practices differ from those followed by domestic companies pursuant to NYSE Amex LLC standards is contained on the Companys website at www.greatbasingold.com.
Upon listing, the Company received an exemption from its quorum requirements. Under the NYSE Amex LLC listing standards, the quorum requirements is a minimum of one third of shareholders entitled to vote for U.S. domestic companies. The Company does not meet this requirement and has been granted relief from this listing standard.
Further, the Companys compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee are presently not comprised exclusively of independent directors, as required by 804(a) of the NYSE Amex Company Guide. The Company has been granted relief from these requirements by NYSE Amex LLC.
UNDERTAKING
The Registrant undertakes to make available, in person or by telephone, representatives to respond to inquiries made by the Commission staff, and to furnish promptly, when requested to do so by the Commission staff, information relating to: the securities registered pursuant to Form 40-F; the securities in relation to which the obligation to file an annual report on Form 40-F arises; or transactions in said securities.
CONSENT TO SERVICE OF PROCESS
The Company previously filed an Appointment of Agent for Service of Process and Undertaking on Form F-X signed by the Company and its agent for service of process with respect to the class of securities in relation to which the obligation to file this annual report arises.
9
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Company certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 40-F and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| Date: March 28, 2011 | GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. | |
| By: | /s/ Lou van Vuuren | |
| Lou van Vuuren | ||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||
10
EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT 99.1
CERTIFICATION
I, Ferdi Dippenaar, Chief Executive Officer of Great Basin Gold Ltd., certify that:
| (1) |
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 40-F of Great Basin Gold Ltd for the year ended December 31, 2010. |
| (2) |
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report. |
| (3) |
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report. |
| (4) |
The issuers other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 (e) and 15d-15 (e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the issuer and have: |
| (a) |
designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; | |
| (b) |
designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; | |
| (c) |
evaluated the effectiveness of the issuers disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and | |
| (d) |
disclosed in this report any change in the issuers internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuers internal control over financial reporting. |
| (5) |
The issuers other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting, to the issuers auditors and the audit committee of issuers board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) |
all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuers ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and | |
| (b) |
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the issuers internal control over financial reporting. |
| Date: | March 28, 2011 | |
| By: | /s/ Ferdi Dippenaar | |
| Name: | Ferdi Dippenaar | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer |
EXHIBIT 99.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Lou van Vuuren, Chief Financial Officer of Great Basin Gold Ltd., certify that:
| (1) |
I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 40-F of Great Basin Gold Ltd for the year ended December 31, 2010. |
| (2) |
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report. |
| (3) |
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report. |
| (4) |
The issuers other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 (e) and 15d-15 (e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the issuer and have: |
| (a) |
designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; | |
| (b) |
designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; | |
| (c) |
evaluated the effectiveness of the issuers disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and | |
| (d) |
disclosed in this report any change in the issuers internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuers internal control over financial reporting. |
| (5) |
The issuers other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting, to the issuers auditors and the audit committee of issuers board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) |
all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuers ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and | |
| (b) |
any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the issuers internal control over financial reporting. |
| Date: | March 28, 2011 | |
| By: | /s/ Lou van Vuuren | |
| Name: | Lou van Vuuren | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer |
EXHIBIT 99.3
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C.
SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Ferdi Dippenaar, Chief Executive Officer of Great Basin Gold Ltd. (the Company), hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:
| (i) |
the Annual Report on Form 40-F of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 (the Annual Report) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and | |
| (ii) |
the information contained in the Annual Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
| By: | /s/ Ferdi Dippenaar | |
| Name: | Ferdi Dippenaar | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
| Date: | March 28, 2011 |
EXHIBIT 99.4
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C.
SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Lou van Vuuren, Chief Financial Officer of Great Basin Gold Ltd. (the Company), hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:
| (i) |
the Annual Report on Form 40-F of the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 (the Annual Report) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and | |
| (ii) |
the information contained in the Annual Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
| By: | /s/ Lou van Vuuren | |
| Name: | Lou van Vuuren | |
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |
| Date: | March 28, 2011 |
(Great Basin Gold or the Company)
ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM
for the year ended
December 31, 2010
This Annual Information Form (AIF) is as of March 27, 2011
|
2 | Annual Information Form |
ITEM 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
|
3 | Annual Information Form |
LIST OF TABLES
|
4 | Annual Information Form |
PRELIMINARY NOTES
|
This AIF includes certain statements that may be deemed forward-looking statements and forward looking information. This AIF will be the basis of certain United States securities filings. Accordingly we advise that these forward-looking statements constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements in this AIF, other than statements of historical facts, that address future production, reserve potential, exploration drilling, exploitation activities and events or developments that the Company expects to take place in the future are forward-looking statements or information. Although the Company believes the expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements or information are based on reasonable assumptions, such statements or information are not guarantees of future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements or information. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements include market prices for gold and silver, exploitation and exploration successes, continued availability of capital and financing and general economic, market, business, or governmental conditions. Investors are cautioned that any such statements are not guarantees of future performance and those actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements or information. |
CAUTIONARY NOTE TO UNITED STATES INVESTORS
Canadian Disclosure Regarding Mineral Properties
Readers should be aware that the disclosure in this AIF, including the documents incorporated by reference herein, uses terms that comply with reporting standards in Canada and certain estimates are made in accordance with National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43-101). NI 43-101 is a rule developed by the Canadian Securities Administrators that establishes standards for all public disclosure an issuer makes of scientific and technical information concerning mineral projects. Unless otherwise indicated, all reserve and resource estimates contained in or incorporated by reference in this AIF have been prepared in accordance with NI 43-101. These standards differ significantly from the requirements of the SEC, and reserve and resource information contained herein and incorporated by reference herein may not be comparable to similar information disclosed by U.S. companies.
This AIF includes mineral reserve estimates that have been calculated in accordance with NI 43-101, as required by Canadian securities regulatory authorities. For United States reporting purposes, SEC Industry Guide 7 (under the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act)), as interpreted by Staff of the SEC, applies different standards in order to classify mineralization as a reserve. As a result, the definitions of proven and probable reserves used in NI 43-101 differ from the definitions in the SEC Industry Guide 7. Under SEC standards, mineralization may not be classified as a reserve unless the determination has been made that the mineralization could be economically and legally produced or extracted at the time the reserve determination is made. Among other things, all necessary permits would be required to be in hand or issued immediately in order to classify mineralized material as reserves under the SEC standards. Accordingly, mineral reserve estimates contained in this AIF in connection with the Burnstone Property may be calculated differently under SEC standards and none of the reserves assigned to the Hollister Property herein would qualify as ore reserves under SEC standards.
In addition, this AIF uses the terms measured mineral resources, indicated mineral resources and inferred mineral resources to comply with the reporting standards in Canada. We advise United States investors that while those terms are recognized and required by Canadian regulations, the SEC does not recognize them. United States investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of the mineral deposits in these categories will ever be converted into mineral reserves. These terms have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibility. Further, inferred resources have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence and as to whether they can be mined legally or economically. Therefore, United States investors are also cautioned not to assume that all or any part of the inferred resources exists. In accordance with Canadian rules, estimates of inferred mineral resources cannot form the basis of feasibility or other economic studies. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of measured mineral resources, indicated mineral resources, or inferred mineral resources will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part of the reported measured mineral resources, indicated mineral resources, or inferred mineral resources in this AIF is economically or legally mineable.
|
5 | Annual Information Form |
In addition, disclosure of resources using contained ounces is permitted under Canadian regulations; however, the SEC only permits issuers to report mineralization that does not qualify as a resource as in place tonnage and grade without reference to unit measures.
For the above reasons, information contained in this AIF and the documents incorporated by reference herein containing descriptions of our mineral deposits may not be comparable to similar information made public by United States companies subject to the reporting and disclosure requirements under the United States federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
Canadian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Prospective United States investors should be aware that the financial information contained in this AIF or incorporated by reference herein has been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Canada and (where audited) have been subjected to Canadian auditing and Canadian auditor independence standards. Accordingly, the Companys financial statements may not be comparable to financial statements of United States companies prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Canadian public companies will be required to prepare financial statements in accordance with
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, for financial years beginning on or after January 1, 2011. Effective January 1, 2011, the Company has adopted IFRS as the basis for preparing its consolidated financial statements. The Company will issue its financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2011 prepared on an IFRS basis and will provide comparative data on an IFRS basis as required.
The IFRS conversion project consists of four phases: diagnostic; design and planning; implementation; and post implementation. The Company has completed the diagnostic, design and planning and implementation phases. The major variances identified and adjusted include the valuation of compound financial instruments, accounting for property, plant and equipment, the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and alternatives available under IFRS 1 First Time Adoption of IFRS. The conversion to IFRS has had a relatively low impact on the financial record keeping, internal control and financial disclosure of the Company due to the historical exploration and project development nature of the Companys business. Accounting systems have been assessed and re-configured to ensure accurate reporting under IFRS, both internally and externally. The Companys key financial staff have been trained in IFRS and the majority of them have been exposed to reporting under IFRS for more five years or more. The adoption of IFRS principles is not expected to have a material affect on the manner in which the Company reports its accounts.
|
6 | Annual Information Form |
Incorporation of Continuous Disclosure Documents by Reference
In this AIF, the Company, we, us, GBG or Great basin Gold Gold refers to Great Basin Gold Ltd. and all its subsidiaries together unless the context otherwise clearly requires.
See also our audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2009, and 2010 together with the auditors reports thereon, interim consolidated financial statements, reconciliations to US generally accepted accounting principles, proxy circulars, news releases and other continuous disclosure documents. These documents are available for review on the SEDAR website located at www.sedar.com. All financial information in this AIF is prepared in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles.
The foregoing documents have been filed publicly by Great Basin Gold, paper copies of which are available on request from the offices of Great Basin Gold or on the SEDAR website indicated above.
Currency and Metric Equivalents
All currency amounts in this AIF are stated in Canadian dollars unless otherwise indicated.
Conversion of metric units into imperial equivalents is as follows:
| Metric Units | Multiply by | Imperial Units |
| hectares | 2.471 | = acres |
| metres | 3.281 | = feet |
| kilometres | 0.621 | = miles (5,280 feet) |
| grams | 0.032 | = troy ounces |
| tonnes | 1.102 | = short tons (2,000 lbs) |
| grams/tonne | 0.029 | = troy ounces/ton |
Currency conversions used herein are based on December 31, 2010, published by the Bank of Canada as follows: $1 US = $0.996 CDN.
The following table sets forth (i) the rate of exchange for the Canadian dollar, expressed in US dollars, in effect at the end of the periods indicated, (ii) the average of exchange rates in effect on the last day of each month during such periods, and (iii) the high and low exchange rates during such periods, each based on the noon rate of exchange as reported by the Bank of Canada for conversion of Canadian dollars into US dollars.
|
7 | Annual Information Form |
| Years Ended December 31 | |||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | |
| Rate at end of period | 1.005 | 0.9515 | 0.8166 |
| Average rate for period | 0.970 | 0.8760 | 0.9381 |
| High for period | 1.005 | 0.9716 | 1.0289 |
| Low for period | 0.927 | 0.7692 | 0.7711 |
The following table sets forth (i) the rate of exchange for the South African Rand, or ZAR, expressed in US dollars, in effect at the end of the periods indicated, (ii) the average of exchange rates in effect on the last day of each month during such periods, and (iii) the high and low exchange rates during such periods, as reported by the Bank of Canada.
| Years Ended December 31 | |||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | |
| Rate at end of period | 0.151 | 0.1355 | 0.1071 |
| Average rate for period | 0.136 | 0.1218 | 0.1229 |
| High for period | 0.151 | 0.1378 | 0.1483 |
| Low for period | 0.125 | 0.0939 | 0.0886 |
The following table sets forth (i) the rate of exchange for the South African Rand, expressed in Canadian dollars, in effect at the end of the periods indicated, (ii) the average of exchange rates in effect on the last day of each month during such periods, and (iii) the high and low exchange rates during such periods, as reported by the Bank of Canada.
| Years Ended December 31 | |||
| 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | |
| Rate at end of period | 0.151 | 0.1418 | 0.1311 |
| Average rate for period | 0.140 | 0.1362 | 0.1299 |
| High for period | 0.151 | 0.1502 | 0.1514 |
| Low for period | 0.133 | 0.1195 | 0.1108 |
|
8 | Annual Information Form |
GLOSSARY
In this AIF the following terms have the meanings set forth herein:
| 2011 Burnstone Report |
a technical report entitled Technical Report Update on the Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates for the Burnstone Gold Mine, Mpumalanga Province of the Republic of South Africa dated February 8, 2011, prepared by Frederik J. de Bruin, Pr.Sci.Nat., of Deswik Mining Consultants, Johannes G. Oelofse, Pr. Eng., FSAIMM, Philip N. Bentley, Pr. Sci. Nat. and Daniel J. van Heerden, Pr. Eng., ECSA, FSAIMM, AMMSA, of Minxcon Consultants, filed on SEDAR on February 8, 2011. |
|
| |
| 2011 Hollister Report |
a technical report entitled Technical Report on the Update of the Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates for the Hollister Gold Mine, Elko County, Nevada, USA dated February 8, 2011, prepared by Johannes G. Oelofse, FSAIMM, Pr. Eng., Philip N. Bentley, Pr. Sci. Nat. and Daniel J. van Heerden, Pr. Eng., ECSA, FSAIMM, AMMSA, of Minxcon Consultants, filed on SEDAR on February 8, 2011 |
|
| |
| Au Eq |
the combined grade of gold, silver and other metals expressed as a gold equivalent. |
|
| |
| BEE |
Black Economic Empowerment, a reference to South African legislative initiatives designed to help redress past injustices to historically disadvantaged persons. |
|
| |
| cmg/t |
centimetre grams per tonne (this is a measure of gold content). |
|
| |
| DMR |
Department of Mineral Resources (Previously the Department of Minerals and Energy) of the RSA. |
|
| |
| Epithermal Deposit |
a type of deposit formed at low temperature (50-200oC), usually within one kilometer of the earths surface, often as structurally controlled veins. |
|
| |
| Ga |
billion years. |
|
| |
| g/t |
grams per ton. |
|
| |
| HDB |
Hollister Development Block, a portion of the Hollister property in Nevada. |
|
| |
| HDSA |
Historically disadvantaged South African, a category of person intended to benefit from BEE laws. |
|
| |
| HVC |
Hecla Ventures Corp. The Company purchased HVC and hence HVCs 50% earn-in right into the HDB in 2007. Its name has since been changed to Hollister Venture Corp. |
|
| |
| I-Drift |
an access tunnel which follows along the vein. |
|
9 | Annual Information Form |
| IRR |
internal rate of return, the discount rate that would have to be applied to the projected future cash flows from an asset to make the net present value of the asset worth zero. |
| JSE |
Johannesburg Stock Exchange or JSE Ltd, one of the three stock exchanges on which our common shares are listed. |
| LOM |
life of mine. |
| Ma |
million years. |
| Mineral Symbols |
mineral symbols which may be used herein are: Au Gold; Cu Copper; Pb Lead; Ag Silver; Zn Zinc; Mo Molybdenum; Sb Antimony; Se Selenium; As Arsenic; Hg Mercury. |
| MPRDA |
Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002 (RSA). |
| NI 43-101 |
National Instrument 43-101, the national securities law instrument in Canada respecting standards of disclosure for mineral projects. |
| NPV |
net present value, the current value of the discounted projected future cash flows from an asset at an assumed % discount rate and a form of proxy value for the asset. |
| NYSE Amex |
New York Stock Exchange Amex (formerly American Stock Exchange), one of the three stock exchanges on which our common shares are listed. |
| oz/ton |
troy ounces per ton. |
| Paleoplacer or Witwatersrand Gold Deposit |
an ancient surficial deposit that was formed by mechanical concentration of heavy mineral particles, such as gold, from weathered debris which has since been covered by younger rocks and is no longer visible on surface. The Witwatersrand Basin in South Africa hosts the most well known examples of this type of gold deposit. |
| RSA |
Republic of South Africa. |
| SEC |
Securities and Exchange Commission of the United States. |
| Sulphide |
a compound of sulphur with another element, typically a metallic element or compound. |
| ton (imperial) |
2,000 pounds. |
| tonne or t (metric) |
1.102 tons. |
| TSX |
Toronto Stock Exchange, one of the three stock exchanges on which our common shares are listed. |
| ZAR |
South African Rand. |
|
10 | Annual Information Form |
Resource Category (Classification) Definitions
The discussion of mineral deposit classifications in this AIF adheres to the mineral resource and mineral reserve definitions and classification criteria published by the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy in 2005. Estimated mineral resources fall into two broad categories dependent on whether the economic viability of them has been established and these are namely resources (economic viability not established) and mineral reserves (viable economic production is feasible). Resources are sub-divided into categories depending on the confidence level of the estimate based on level of detail of sampling and geological understanding of the deposit. The categories, from lowest confidence to highest confidence, are inferred resource, indicated resource and measured resource. Reserves are similarly sub-divided by order of confidence into probable (lowest) and proven (highest). These classifications can be more particularly described as follows:
A Mineral Resource is a concentration or occurrence of diamonds, natural solid inorganic material, or natural solid fossilized organic material including base and precious metals, coal, and industrial minerals in or on the Earths crust in such form and quantity and of such a grade or quality that it has reasonable prospects for economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a Mineral Resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge.
An Inferred Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity and grade or quality can be estimated on the basis of geological evidence and limited sampling and reasonably assumed, but not verified, geological and grade continuity. The estimate is based on limited information and sampling gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes.
An Indicated Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape and physical characteristics can be estimated with a level of confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced closely enough for geological and grade continuity to be reasonably assumed.
A Measured Mineral Resource is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape, and physical characteristics are so well established that they can be estimated with confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support production planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced closely enough to confirm both geological and grade continuity.
A Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of a Measured or Indicated Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility Study. This Study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction can be justified. A Mineral Reserve includes diluting materials and allowances for losses that may occur when the material is mined.
A Probable Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of an Indicated and, in some circumstances, a Measured Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility Study. This Study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic, and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction can be justified. The US Securities and Exchange Commission require permits in hand or imminent to classify mineralized material as reserves.
|
11 | Annual Information Form |
A Proven Mineral Reserve is the economically mineable part of a Measured Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a Preliminary Feasibility Study. This Study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic, and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction is justified. The US Securities and Exchange Commission requires permits to be in-hand or imminent to classify mineralized material as (ore) reserves.
ITEM 3 CORPORATE STRUCTURE
Name, Address and Incorporation
We were incorporated under the name Sentinel Resources Ltd. on March 19, 1986 under the laws of the province of British Columbia, Canada. From that date through 1997 we underwent various mergers and acquisitions and became Great Basin Gold Ltd. with our final merger on December 31, 1997. We continue to be governed by the laws of British Columbia, especially the Business Corporations Act (BC), but are also subject to corporate and securities laws in South Africa and securities laws in the United States. The below noted subsidiaries will be subject to the corporate laws of their jurisdiction of incorporation. Our registered office is located at Suite 1500-1055 West Georgia Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6E 4N6, and our operational head office is located at 138 West Street, Sandton, 2146, South Africa.
Incorporate Relationship
We operate directly and through our subsidiaries as follows:
| Great Basin Gold Ltd Corporate Structure - 2010 | ||
| Name of Subsidiary | Jurisdiction of Incorporation | Ownership Interest |
| Great Basin Gold Inc. | Nevada, USA | 100% |
| Rodeo Creek Gold Inc. | Nevada, USA | 100% (held through Great Basin Gold Inc.) |
| Antler Peak Gold Inc. | Nevada, USA | 100% (held through Great Basin Gold Inc.) |
| Hollister Venture Corp. | Nevada, USA | 100% (held through Rodeo Creek Gold Inc.) |
| Touchstone Resources Company | Nevada, USA | Inactive, 100% (held through Rodeo Creek Gold Inc.) |
| N5C Resources Inc. | Cayman Islands | 100% |
| N6C Resources Inc. | Cayman Islands | 100% (held through N5C Resources Inc.) |
| Southgold Exploration (Pty) Ltd | South Africa | 100%, (held through N6C Resources Inc.) |
| Puma Gold (Pty) Ltd | South Africa | 100% (held through Southgold Exploration (Pty) Ltd) |
| Great Basin Gold RSA (Pty) Ltd | South Africa | 100% (held through N6C Resources Inc.) |
|
12 | Annual Information Form |
| Great Basin Gold Ltd Corporate Structure - 2010 | ||
| Name of Subsidiary | Jurisdiction of Incorporation | Ownership Interest |
| GBG Rusaf Gold Ltd | Canada | 100% of common (preferred shares are held by former shareholders as described further below) |
| Boulder Investments Ltd | Cyprus | 100% (held through GBG Rusaf Gold Ltd.) |
| Kurils Holdings Ltd | British Virgin Islands | 100% (held through GBG Rusaf Gold Ltd.) |
| Franklyn Ltd | British Virgin Islands | 100% (held through GBG Rusaf Gold Ltd.) |
| Goldtone Ltd | British Virgin Islands | 100% (held through GBG Rusaf Gold Ltd.) |
| Graceholm Finance Ltd | British Virgin Islands | 100% (held through GBG Rusaf Gold Ltd.) |
| Shield Resources Ltd | Tanzania | 100% (held through Boulder Investments Ltd.) |
| Kurils Project Holdings Ltd | British Virgin Islands | 100% (held through GBG Kurils Holdings Ltd.) |
| Kurils Resources LLC | Russia | 100% (held through GBG Rusaf Gold Ltd.) |
| Reef Miners Ltd | Tanzania | 100% (held through Franklyn Ltd.) |
| Premier Resources Ltd | Tanzania | 100% (held through Goldtone Ltd.) |
| Protocol Exploration Ltd | Tanzania | 100% (held through Graceholme Finance Ltd.) |
|
13 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
GBG Group Structure
Figure 1: GBG Group Structure as at Nov 2010- Website.
|
14 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
ITEM 4 GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS
History
Great basin Gold Gold is a mining company engaged in the acquisition, exploration and development of precious metal deposits. The Company currently has two material projects, one of which is at the test-mining stage, namely (a) the Hollister gold project, acquired in 1997, and which is located on the Carlin Trend goldfield in Nevada, USA (the Hollister Property) and the other one (b) the Burnstone gold mine, acquired in 2002, and which is located in the Witwatersrand Basin goldfields in South Africa (the Burnstone Property) and which commenced commercial production in January 2011.
Updated technical reports were filed for both the Hollister Property and the Burnstone Property in February 2011, which are available at Great Basin Golds profile at www.sedar.com.
At the Hollister Property, an underground exploration and development program is underway to conduct test mining and to obtain bulk samples to help confirm feasibility analysis done in 2007, which analysis has been updated in 2009 and in February 2011. At the Burnstone Property, an initial feasibility study was completed in 2006, followed by an optimized feasibility study that was completed in 2007, which analysis has been updated in October 2009 and in February 2011.
The Company is also conducting early stage exploration on a number of other prospects, primarily in Africa. However, the Company does not consider these properties to be material as they do not have any significant resources identified to date and, accordingly, three technical reports covering the results of 2008 drilling have been submitted. A second Nevada property called Esmeralda was acquired in December 2008, for US$2 million and the assumption of the existing environmental bond, primarily for its ore processing facility (Esmeralda Mill) which the Company has since been refurbished (see Hollister Property, Nevada and its Hollister Development Block -Milling) and which is currently processing approximately 300 tons of ore per day.
Although we currently are undertaking commercial mining operations at the Burnstone mine, revenues generated during 2010 are attributable only to gold and ore sales from the ore extracted during the trial mining activities conducted at the Hollister Property.
Significant Acquisitions
The Company did not acquire or dispose of any material properties during 2010.
ITEM 5 DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
General
We are engaged in the business of gold mining and acquiring ownership of or interests in, exploring and, where warranted, developing precious metals deposits. For the past five years we have focused on two primary projects: (a) the Hollister Property on the Carlin Trend in Nevada, USA, where feasibility work was completed in 2007 and updated in 2009 and 2011 on a portion of the property called the Hollister Development Block (HDB), and where an underground exploration and development program is underway, and (b) the Burnstone Property in the Witwatersrand Basin goldfield in South Africa, for which an initial area feasibility study was completed in 2006, followed by an optimized feasibility study in 2007,and updated in 2009 and 2011. A New Order Mining Right under the MPRDA was granted for the Burnstone mine in October 2008, which allows the Company to mine gold, silver, and aggregate. Commercial mining at the Burnstone mine as stated above commenced in January 2011.
|
15 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
In addition to our two primary projects, we hold interests in early stage mineral prospects known as the Tsetsera Property in Mozambique and properties in Tanzania and Iturup (part of the Kurils Islands in the Russian Federation), although the Company intends disposing of the Kurils Property.
Burnstone Property, South Africa
Unless stated otherwise, information of a technical or scientific nature related to the Burnstone Property contained in this AIF is summarized or extracted from a technical report entitled Technical Report Update on the Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates for the Burnstone Gold Mine, Mpumalanga Province of the Republic of South Africa dated February 8, 2011, prepared by Frederik J. de Bruin, Pr.Sci.Nat., of Deswik Mining Consultants, Johannes G. Oelofse, Pr. Eng., FSAIMM, Philip N. Bentley, Pr. Sci. Nat. and Daniel J. van Heerden, Pr. Eng., ECSA, FSAIMM, AMMSA, of Minxcon Consultants, filed on SEDAR on February 8, 2011. Messrs. Oelofse and Bentley are employees of Great Basin Gold and Messrs. van Heerden and de Bruin are independent of the Company.
|
All information relating to the contents of the 2011 Burnstone Report, including but not limited to statements of the Burnstone Propertys potential and information such as capital and operating costs, production summary, and financial analysis are forward looking statements. The 2011 Burnstone Report was prepared to update the June 2010 Burnstone mineral resource estimate. |
The following are the principal risk factors and uncertainties which, in managements opinion, are likely to most directly affect the ultimate feasibility of the Burnstone Property. The mineralized material at the Burnstone Property is currently classified as a measured and indicated resource, and a portion of it qualifies under Canadian and US mining disclosure standards as a proven and probable reserve. The Company advises investors that while the terms measured and indicated resources are recognized and required by Canadian regulations, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission does not recognize it. Investors are cautioned not to assume that all of mineral deposits in the measured and indicated categories will ever be converted into reserves. The references to proven reserves and probable reserves, in this AIF have been determined in accordance with Canadian securities regulations (under National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects), which differ from the SECs standards for reserve classification (also see Cautionary Note to United States Investors above and Risk Factors below). Costs, including design, procurement, construction and ongoing operating costs and metal recoveries could be materially different from those contained in the 2011 Burnstone Report. Energy risks include the potential for significant increases in the cost of fuel and electricity. The 2011 Burnstone Report assumes specified, long-term prices levels for gold. The price of this metal is historically volatile, and the Company has no control of or influence on its price which is determined in international markets. There can be no assurance that the price of gold will continue at current levels or that it will not decline below the prices assumed in the 2011 Burnstone Report. Prices for gold have been below the price ranges assumed in 2011 Burnstone Report at times during the past ten years, and for extended periods of time. Other general risks include those ordinary to producing mines, including the need to comply with generally increasing environmental obligations, and accommodation of local and community concerns. South African mining tenure laws require that significant economic ownership in Burnstone be held by historically disadvantaged South Africans (HDSAs) and for which ownership rights the Company may not be significantly compensated. The Company has an agreement with Tranter Gold (Pty) Ltd which represents the required interest by HDSA. The economics of the Burnstone Property are sensitive to the US Dollar and South African Rand exchange rate and this rate has been subject to large fluctuations in the last several years.
|
16 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Burnstone Property Description and Location
The Burnstone Property is located approximately 80 km southeast of Johannesburg, near the town of Balfour in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. (See Figure 2: Location of Burnstone Property).
Geologically it is situated in the South Rand Basin of the Witwatersrand Basin., and comprises mineral rights covering approximately 35,000 hectares situated on portions of 32 mineral titles known in RSA as farms. Continuing advanced exploration and pre-development work has been underway at the Burnstone Property since 2007. The Burnstone Property has progressed from an advanced stage exploration property through to the feasibility study level, and commenced commercial production in January 2011.
Gold occurs within the Kimberley Reef, a gold-bearing conglomerate unit that is one of four main gold-bearing horizons in the Witwatersrand Basin. The deposit on the Burnstone Property comprises four areas. Areas 1 and 2 are the most advanced and are now included in the mine plan, and Areas 1, 2 and 4 are the focus of ongoing exploration drilling (See Figure 1: Location of Burnstone Property below).
Prior to November 2004, the mineral resources on the Burnstone Property were partitioned into four areas depending on the amount of drilling and status of geological interpretation. Mineral resources, selected using the same criteria applied previously, are now known to occur within most of the previous Areas 1, 2, 3, and 4 which are combined as the Resource Area. Gold mineralization in the Resource Area is distributed in conglomerate beds over an area of 19 km by 5.8 km. The conglomerate horizon in the measured resource portion of the Resource Area averages 53 cm in thickness. In addition to the Resource Area, gold-bearing Kimberley conglomerate has been intersected by exploratory drill holes in areas outside of the Resource Area on the Burnstone Property.
|
17 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |

Figure 2: Location of Burnstone Property
Source: Great Basin Gold
The Burnstone Property titles included in the Mining Right are 100% held through a subsidiary and are held royalty-free except for an estimated 4% royalty on refined gold payable to the government of SA as provided for in the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Royalty Act (the Royalty Act). The Royalty Act came into force on March 1, 2010 and provides for the payment of a royalty on gross sales of gold on a bi-annual basis. The royalty percentage is calculated on a prescribed formula being applied to earnings before interest and tax of the Burnstone project and management has estimated the royalty payable to be 4%. Great Basin Gold has secured, by way of purchase agreements, the required surface rights for the mine plan at the Burnstone Property.
In 2007, Great Basin Gold completed a series of transactions whereby, in order to achieve compliance with South Africas BEE legislation that required Great basin Gold Gold to achieve a target of 26% ownership in the Companys South African projects by HDSAs by 2014, Tranter Burnstone (Proprietary) Ltd, a BEE corporation, became the owner of 19,938,650 new Common Shares in Great Basin Gold. This was deemed equivalent to the 26% in the Burnstone Property as required by the MPRDA and the Mining Charter. There is an agreed lock-up period of at least 3 years during which the Common Shares owned by Tranter cannot be traded. As of the date of filing of this AIF, Tranter owns approximately 6% of the issued share capital of Great Basin Gold. The purchase consideration paid by Tranter Burnstone was US$38 million which was borrowed from South African banks and the transaction also effectively settled a net smelter royalty that Gold Fields held over the Burnstone Property. As part of the contribution to Tranters acquisition of the 19.9 million common shares, Great Basin Gold guaranteed interest on the $38 million loan in the amount of ZAR80 million ($11 million) and further provided a ZAR32 million ($4.3 million) deposit to help secure the loan when its collateral value declined in 2008. There was an agreed share lock-up period of three years that expired on October 1, 2010 during which the Common Shares owned by Tranter could not be traded. The trading of the shares is, however, still subject to the fulfilling by Tranter of certain contractual arrangements with Investec Bank Ltd. and Great Basin Gold that have arisen out of the loan agreements.
|
18 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Subsequently the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary Southgold Exploration (Pty) Ltd agreed with Investec to increase the guarantee to ZAR140 million ($21 million) to cover any shortfall in interest or principal repayments on the loan outstanding by Tranter to Investec. Any advances to Tranter under this guarantee are due to be repaid by Tranter in instalments from 2014 to 2017, with interest at South African prime interest rate plus 2%. Security for any advances made pursuant to this guarantee includes a second charge against any shares of the Company held by Tranter (second to Investec).
Southgold was also required to set aside $12 million (ZAR80 million) in an Investec account to be utilized for any advances required to be made to Tranter under the guarantee. The amount agreed to be set aside set aside was loaned to Tranter in October 2010 through a loan of $13 million (ZAR88 million) under the guarantee agreement. Therefore the balance of the restricted cash ($12 million) as disclosed in the September 30, 2010 interim financial statements was used to partially fulfill this obligation. As a result of the loan the remaining Tranter guarantee is now reduced to ZAR52 million ($6.9 million) and Tranter continues to owe the Company $13 million.
By concluding this transaction with Tranter Burnstone, Great Basin Gold complied with the MPRDA and was able to submit its application for a Mining Right in the name of Southgold over the Burnstone Property to the DMR in September 2007. During October 28, 2008 the DMR granted a Mining Right to Southgold to mine gold, silver and aggregate at the Burnstone Property. The Mining Right was notarially executed by the DMR and the Company effective February 17, 2009 for a period of 18 years.
In addition, the mandatory Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for Area 2 has been completed and submitted to the authorities for approval.
The majority of the Burnstone Property area is currently under active agricultural farming and grazing and as such has no known existing material environmental liabilities that could impact the project.
The government of RSA has jurisdiction over activities, communities, habitat users and other interests that may be affected by mining. In particular, the DMR has jurisdiction over mineral rights relating to the property on which the Burnstone Property is located.
Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure and Physiography
The Burnstone Property is accessed from the main Johannesburg to Durban highway via the Heidelberg South highway at the Balfour exit. The town of Balfour is located approximately 18 km east of the Durban highway. From the municipality of Balfour the Burnstone Property is accessible via a network of unpaved roads, approximately 6.5 km east of the town of Balfour. The adjacent town of Balfour and the surrounding Dipaleseng municipality have a population of about 37,000 people and an employable population of about 14,000, however the majority of the district population have low skill levels.
|
19 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
The Burnstone Property is situated in a physiographic region known as the South African Highveld, lying at an altitude of 1,670 m (5,480 feet). Topographic relief in the area is primarily gently rolling grassland terrain. The area has a mild climate, with about six weeks of chill and frost in mid-winter (July- August). Due to the relatively high altitude the winter nights can be cool. The rainy season occurs during the summer and drought conditions usually prevail in winter. Summer rainstorms can be intense and can be accompanied by substantial lightning and hailstorms. The Balfour area has been intensively farmed for corn and hay for nearly 100 years, consequently there is very little indigenous vegetation remaining in the area of the property.
The Burnstone Property is crossed by national Eskom grid power lines, two gas pipelines and by two rail lines, one being the main Johannesburg to Durban trunk line. There are three rail sidings on the Burnstone Property. The Balfour municipal water supply from the Haarhoff dam has excess pipeline capacity, sufficient to service the mine and mills potable water needs and the initial construction needs.
Raw water for the long term operation of the mine/mill can be obtained from the Vaal River Eastern Sub-System Augmentation Pipeline project which was commissioned during 2008. Currently, indications exist that sufficient make-up water could be available from underground sources. The decision to establish the raw water supply infrastructure was therefore put on hold in the medium term, although the Company is in the process of acquiring the necessary approvals from landowners and the authorities to construct and take water from the pipeline
The nearest airport is the O.R. Tambo (Johannesburg) International Airport located west of Johannesburg and some 70 km northwest of the Burnstone Property.
History
Gold was first discovered in the South Rand area in 1887, leading to the establishment of a number of small mines and prospects that operated, intermittently, from 1892 to 1962. The Heidelberg-Roodepoort Mine was the largest single historical producer in the area. The Kimberley Reef was well developed in the Heidelberg-Roodepoort Mine, and gold mineralization was consistent making extraction viable over the full mine lease area. Operations were eventually terminated in 1942 when mining encountered a fault at a depth of 300 m that vertically displaced the Reef. The displaced portion was later mined from the Kildare Gold Mine property.
Exploration drilling in the Burnstone Property area was conducted intermittently during the period 1974 to 1993; initially by Union Corporation Ltd., and later by Gencor. Anglovaal Ltd (presently known as Avgold Ltd) also drilled a number of holes during this period. Southgold Exploration (Pty) Ltd (Southgold), a privately owned resource company drilled three boreholes, during the late 1990s and early 2000, and drilled an additional 15 boreholes from May to July 2002. Southgold then commissioned Global Geo Services to geologically model the deposit and estimate a resource contained in an area that approximates the now called Area 1 gold deposit on the Burnstone Property.
In November 2002, Great Basin Gold entered into an option agreement with Southgold, to purchase up to 100% of Southgold on a phased basis. Southgold hence became a wholly owned subsidiary of Great Basin Gold. At the time the Company signed the option agreement with Southgold, the Burnstone Property encompassed 26,470 hectares. Since then, Southgold and Great Basin Gold have actively secured additional land holdings in the area, and have divested their interest in lands of little geological merit. As a result, the Burnstone Property now encompasses approximately 35,000 hectares.
|
20 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
In addition, mineral rights to 4% of the measured and indicated mineral resources on the Burnstone Property were previously held by Puma Gold Ltd (Puma), however, in July 2008 the Company acquired the entire shareholding of Puma for US$ 6million, thereby securing the entire resource.
Geology
The Witwatersrand Basin is underlain by an Archaean (>3.1 Ga) granite-greenstone basement and rocks of the 3,086 3,074 Ma Dominion Group, and is unconformably overlain by the Ventersdorp (2.7 Ga), Transvaal (2.6 Ga) and Karoo (280 Ma) Supergroups. Prior to 1990, it was widely believed that the Archean granites represented the floor upon which the sediments had been deposited. However, recent U-Pb isotope dates of granites adjacent to the Basin indicate that several intrusions were emplaced between 3,074 and 2,714 Ma and that each event might have predated sedimentation in the basin.
The Witwatersrand deposits probably represent gold concentrations, called placer deposits (or reefs, in local mining terminology), hosted within coarse-grained sediments (conglomerates) deposited in braided stream channels on broad river plains. Economic gold concentrations commonly extend for several km down the dip, and for up to 50 km (30 mi) along strike of the sedimentary rock units. Gold occurs as detrital grains in nugget-like shapes and secondary (re-crystallized) grains, ranging in size between 0.005 and 0.5 mm diameter.
The Witwatersrand Basin has been affected by several structural events. Many studies now differentiate between deformation that was taking place during deposition of the Witwatersrand sediments and subsequent deformation. Deformation that occurred during the deposition of the sediments played a key role in the distribution and thickness of the host rocks as well as the occurrence of the gold-bearing reefs. Later faulting and buckling of the sequence determined which parts of the basin remained buried, and the depths to mineable horizons.
The South Rand area is located in the north eastern part of the Witwatersrand Basin. In the South Rand, the Witwatersrand sequence is thinner than in other parts of the Basin. The West Rand Group, comprising about 1,500 m (4,920 ft) of alternating quartz arenite and shale units, unconformably overlies the Archaean granite-greenstone basement rocks. The overlying Central Rand Group strata are approximately 900 m (2,950 ft) thick and include the Kimberley Reef horizon, which is the main gold-bearing unit on the Burnstone Property. The Johannesburg Subgroup, including the Bird amygdaloidal lava and the Kimberley shale, is about 300 m (985 ft) thick. The Turffontein Subgroup is approximately 600 m (1,970 ft) thick and is made up of a sequence of quartz arenites and conglomerates that correlate with the Elsburg Formation.
An 18-km (11-mi) long northwest-southeast gold trend has been outlined on the Burnstone Property that appears to be associated with a large, ancient, braided channel system extending over the property. Drilling has also shown that two northwest-southeast trending sub-parallel faults, spaced four km apart, have uplifted the central portion of the gold corridor. As a result, a substantial portion of the gold-bearing horizon along the main deposit trend lies between 250 and 750 m (820-2,640 ft) in depth, which is relatively shallow for Witwatersrand gold deposits. The average thickness of the reef is 35 cm.
Exploration and Mineralization
The Company has carried out a series of drilling programs on the Burnstone Property since January 2003, as summarized in Table 1 below.
|
21 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Table 1: Drilling Conducted by Great Basin Gold Burnstone Property
| Period | Target Area | Comments |
| January 2003 to November 2004 | Areas 1, 2, 3, and 4 | Basis of initial Mineral Resource Estimate, January 2005. |
| March 2005 to August 2006 | Focused on exploring the other potential areas within the greater option area. These areas include the farms Roodepoort 598IR, Rietfontein 561IR and Rietbult Estates 505IR where the Kimberley Reef outcrops and some historic mining were undertaken. | Work included surface mapping, drilling some shallow (vertical and incline) core holes, trenching, surface and underground sampling and auger sampling over tailings dump areas and looked at the Kimberley Reef, and Bird Reef as well as the Scattered Reef zone on Roodepoort 598IR. |
| August 2006 to January 2007 | Areas 1 and 2 | Basis of Mineral Resource Estimate, January 2007. |
| February 2007 to January 2008 | Areas 1, 2 and 4. | Basis of Mineral Resource Estimate, January 2008. |
| January to December 2008 | Areas 1, 3 and 4. | Mineral Resources in Review. |
| January to March 2009 | Areas 1, 3 and 4 | Basis of Mineral Resource Estimate September 2009 |
| March 2009 to June 2010 | Area 1 and 2 | Basis of Mineral Resource Estimate June 2010 |
The drilling program from January 2003 to November 2004 was designed, firstly, to test and better define the deposit in preparation for engineering studies within Area 1 and, secondly, to extend exploration into the surrounding areas (2, 3 and 4) with the purpose to identify and delineate potential economically viable areas.
The ongoing exploration program, comprised of infill and step-out drill holes, is designed to upgrade and expand the mineral resources in Areas 1, 2 and 4 and continues to return good results. From August 2006 to January 2007, an additional 15 drill holes were completed to increase confidence levels in the Resource Area on the Burnstone Property, particularly Areas 1 and 2. From February 2007 to January 2008, a total of 23 boreholes were drilled. The drilling continued to increase confidence levels in Areas 1 and 2 and also increase the resource base in Area 4. Drilling in Areas 1, 2 and 4 during February 2007 to January 2008 formed the basis of the January 2008 resource estimates.
Since January 2008, a further 31 boreholes were drilled on Areas 1, 3 and 4 which focused on further delineation of Kimberley Reef in the initial mining areas as well as testing down dip extensions into Area 4. The drilling has confirmed further areas of mineralization in Area 1, as well as increased channel thickness, spreading into Area 4. Surface drilling was curtailed during 2009 in order to conserve cash.
With the granting of the Burnstone Mining Right in October 2008 focus moved to underground development of the mine. During 2009 and up to June 2010 exploration has been focussed on data base management, and the initiation of structural studies for prospecting right permits that lie outside the Mining Right area. Planning for further exploration in these areas has been effected in line with the maintenance of these prospecting rights.
|
22 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Since the March 2009 Mineral Resource estimate a further 33 underground drill holes and 362 channel samples have been added to the resource database. No surface drilling was undertaken with the focus being on the underground mine development. The underground drilling has been effected from the Burnstone decline and ancilliary infrastructure.
Sampling and Analysis
At the Balfour logging facilities, drill core was photographed, geologically logged and selectively sampled. These facilities have since been relocated to the Burnstone Property. All sampling is undertaken by a sampling team under the supervision of a Chief Sampler and a responsible Geologist who have established a detailed protocol to ensure sampling of the primary target Kimberley Reef rock cores was correctly undertaken and that pertinent sampling information was recorded for resource analysis studies. All core is photographed with beginning, ending and intermediate intervals clearly marked on each box. Core is photographed prior to sampling or any other procedure that may disturb the initial orientation of the core as it was originally placed in the storage box or container.
Core recovery has generally been very good, averaging 99.7% for the sampled intervals. In addition to this, specific gravity measurements are taken prior to sampling marked intervals in the Kimberley Reef and surrounding wall rocks. The core is logged in appropriate detail including identification of lithology, structure, alteration, mineralization and other notable characteristics. Percentages of core recovery of Rock Quality Descriptor (RQD) are included in the log.
The whole width of the Kimberley Reef is sampled with a 2 cm bounding sample on both the hanging wall and footwall contact. When internal quartzite is present within the Kimberley Reef package, the reef is sampled according to lithological boundaries, provided that internal quartzite is larger than 10 cm. if the internal quartzite portion is less than 10 cm it is included in the reef sample.
Core samples are split on the centre line lengthwise using a diamond-tipped rock saw blade. The top half of the core is used for sampling and the bottom half is returned to the core box and stored in the core shed.
The Burnstone Mine has designated a laboratory that is to be used as its primary analytical laboratory. All initial analysis is performed by the primary laboratory and check sample analysis of randomly selected samples is completed by a secondary laboratory (Umpire Lab). Other laboratories may be used to further validate results when necessary. In the past, Lakefield and ALS Chemex laboratories have conducted primary assays. With the development of the Burnstone mining operation, an on-site analytical facility has been capitalised, and is managed by Performance Laboratories. All on-mine analyses are conducted here, and round robin checks are also undertaken for quality assurance and compliance purposes.
Mineral Resource Estimates
The Burnstone Mineral Resources have been revised in-line with the Mineral Reserve estimate update as discussed below. The Mineral Resources estimate was completed in June, 2010 and announced in a press release on August 23, 2010. The Mineral Resource estimate was based on a 4 2 1 model, which uses a minimum of 4 informing samples for a Measured Resource classification, 2 for an Indicated classification and 1 for an Inferred classification. The current model uses the same estimation parameters but more stringent classification criteria, which is a minimum of 6 informing samples for Measured, 3 for Indicated and 2 for Inferred.
|
23 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
At a 350 cmg/t cut-off, the tighter classification parameters have resulted in an 8% decrease in total Measured and Indicated Resources tonnage, a 2% increase in grade from 6.30 to 6.44 g/t Au, and a combined 6% adjustment downwards of contained gold in the Measured and Indicated Resources categories to 12.1 million ounces. The 350 cmg/t cut-off is lower than the 400 cmg/t used for previous estimates and conversions to Mineral Reserves, reflecting increased confidence in these estimates.
| Cautionary Note to Investors Concerning Estimates of Measured and Indicated Resources |
|
The AIF uses the term measured resources and indicated resources. The Company advises investors that while those terms are recognized and required by Canadian regulations, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission does not recognize them. Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of mineral deposits in these categories will ever be converted into reserves. |
Table 2: Measured and Indicated Resources 2011 Burnstone Report.
| Classification | Content cmg/t cut off |
M tonnes | Au g/t | Au oz |
| Measured | 300 | 41.2 | 5.67 | 7,496,000 |
| 350 | 37.2 | 5.78 | 6,900,000 | |
| 400 | 33.1 | 5.94 | 6,326,000 | |
| Indicated | 300 | 23.5 | 7.31 | 5,516,000 |
| 350 | 21.3 | 7.60 | 5,199,000 | |
| 400 | 19.8 | 7.77 | 4,956,000 | |
| Total measured and indicated | 300 | 64.6 | 6.26 | 13,012,000 |
| 350 | 58.4 | 6.44 | 12,099,000 | |
| 400 | 53.0 | 6.63 | 11,283,000 |
| Cautionary Note to Investors Concerning Estimates of Inferred Resources |
|
The AIF uses the term inferred resources. The Company advises investors that while this term is recognized and required by Canadian regulations, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission does not recognize it. Inferred resources have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and as to their economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of a mineral resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Under Canadian rules, estimates of Inferred Mineral Resources may not form the basis of economic studies, except in rare cases. Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of an inferred resource exists, or is economically or legally mineable. |
|
24 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Table 3: Summary of the Inferred Resources at Various Cut-off Grades 2011 Burnstone Report.
| Classification | Content cmg/t cut off |
M tonnes | Au g/t | Au oz |
| Inferred | 300 | 66.8 | 4.33 | 9,306,000 |
| 350 | 54.9 | 4.75 | 8,374,000 | |
| 400 | 49.1 | 4.86 | 7,679,000 |
|
Note: |
Tables 2 and 3 are calculated by applying a gold price of US$1,000 per Troy ounce and US$15 per Troy ounce for silver. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. Contained ounces and equivalent ounces are undiluted and assume 100% recoveries. |
Source: February 2011 Burnstone Report (figures as of June, 2010)
The June 2010 Mineral Resource estimate involved the analysis of information on 339 surface boreholes, 35 underground boreholes and 362 underground channel samples. During 2011, drilling will focus on underground stope and mining block delineation, and structural investigations.
Mineral Reserves
At the Burnstone Property, mineral reserves increased by 55% with the majority of the increase attributable to the improved geological information obtained from underground development and drilling conducted since the January 2009 reserve update as well as additional reserves included from Area 2. Detailed planning has shown that production at Area 2 of the Burnstone Property can be increased and be extracted through separate infrastructure. Since the January 2009 reserve update, the Company has completed over 6,000 meters (19,685 feet) of on-reef development and over 3,851 meters2 (41,452 feet2) of long hole stoping (LHS). In LHS a vertical hole is produced inside of the ore from the top of the block to the bottom. Long holes are drilled to blast vertical slabs off the ore block. A loader picks up the broken ore from the lower tunnel. The January 2011 mineral reserve update and LOM planning is based on LHS as the preferred mining method, and the decrease in dilution from this mining method has also positively impacted on the updated reserve estimate. The January 2011 mineral reserve update and LOM planning is based on LHS as the preferred mining method, and the decrease in dilution from this mining method also positively impacted on the updated reserve estimate.
At a cut-off gold content of 350 centimeter-grams per tonne (cmg/t) the combined Proven and Probable Mineral reserves of the Burnstone Property are 6.4 million Au oz grading 4.47 g/t (0.13 oz/ton) Au after application of a 95% Call Factor for mining and a 95% metallurgical recovery. Currently, 53% of the measured and indicated mineral resources have been converted into Proven and Probable Reserves.
| Cautionary Note to Investors Concerning Reserve Calculations |
| The following table refers to proven reserves and probable reserves, which have been determined in accordance with Canadian securities regulations (under National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects), which differ from the SECs standards for reserve classification. |
| See Cautionary Note to United States Investors above and Risk Factors below. |
|
25 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Table 4: Summary of the Burnstone Property Diluted Reserve Estimate at a 350 cm g/t Gold Content Cut-off.
| Category | Tonnes Treated | Recovered Grade (g/t) |
Recovered Au content (oz) |
| Proven | 29,784,000 | 4.11 | 3,933,000 |
| Probable | 14,436,000 | 5.23 | 2,427,000 |
| Proven and Probable Reserve | 44,220,000 | 4.47 | 6,360,000 |
|
Note: |
The gold ounces reported above are as stated by the Company. They were calculated by the Company by applying a gold price of US$ 1,000 per Troy ounce. Dilution factors including LHS panels where the channel width is < 60 cm and Metallurgical Recovery factors of 95% for Au were applied. Source 2011 Burnstone Report (figures as of January, 2011). |
Underground and Surface drilling
The June 2010 mineral resource estimate involved the analysis of information on 339 surface boreholes, 35 underground boreholes and 362 underground channel samples. During 2011, drilling will focus on underground stope and mining block delineation, and structural investigations. The phases of surface exploration drilling for the Burnstone Property since 2003 are summarized below:
Table 5: Summary of Burnstone Property Drilling Phases 2003-2010.
| Date | Area tested | Comments |
| January 2003 to November 2004 | Areas 1, 2, 3 and 4 | Basis of initial Mineral Resource Estimate, January 2005 |
| March 2005 to August 2006 | Focused on exploring the other potential areas within the greater option area. These areas include the farms Roodepoort 598IR, Rietfontein 561IR and Rietbult Estates 505IR where the Kimberley Reef outcrops and some historic mining were undertaken. | Work included surface mapping, drilling some shallow (vertical and incline) core holes, trenching, surface and underground sampling and auger sampling over tailings dump areas and looked at the Kimberley Reef, and Bird Reef as well as the Scattered Reef zone on Roodepoort 598IR. |
| August 2006 to January 2007 | Areas 1 and 2 | Basis of Mineral Resource Estimate, January 2007 |
| February 2007 toJanuary 2008 | Areas 1, 2 and 4 | Basis of Mineral Resource Estimate, January 2008 |
| January 2009 to March 2009 | Areas 1, 3 and 4 | Basis of Mineral Resource Estimate, January 2009 |
| April 2009 to June 2010 | Areas 1 and 2 | Basis of Mineral Resource Estimate, June 2010 |
Mine Development and Production Build-up
Based on the results of the 2006 Feasibility Study (which was followed by an Optimized Feasibility Study, reported in June 2007), the Company began the portal construction of the prospecting decline shaft on July 7 2006. On August 11, 2006 the decline development commenced, this was associated with the bulk sample approval in terms of section 20 of the MPRDA authorizing the taking of a 26,000 tonne bulk sample as well as removal and disposal thereof.
|
26 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
The Company started the first phase of the development program in May 2006 with the establishment of infrastructure on site to facilitate decline development. The DMR later approved the sinking of a secondary outlet in the form of a vertical shaft, and construction commenced in early 2008.
Subsequent to the granting of the mining right for Burnstone and the approval of the Environmental Management Program (EMP), the bulk sample program was replaced by a Life of Mine Plan (LOMP). The decline, vertical shaft, tailings dam, metallurgical plant, site offices, warehouses, settling ponds, power lines, water feed systems and all infrastructure required for full commercial production has been completed and is in place. The construction of a secondary outlet in the form of a vertical shaft commenced in early 2008. The vertical shaft was commissioned in the third quarter of 2010 and the man and material winders were licensed on October 15, 2010.
The commissioning of the metallurgical plant was structured in such a manner to allow for components to be fully sequentially commissioned hence allowing for a fully operational integrated operating facility by January 2011. The metallurgical plant is expected to reach commercial levels of production by end January 2011.
Good progress continues to be made to open up mining blocks, especially blocks B and C. A total of approximately 19,061ft (5,810 meters) of reef development had been completed for the year ended December 31, 2010 with 21,792 ft (6,644 meters) of reef development being completed to date.
Tons from reef development will be treated by the metallurgical plant but due to the added dilution associated with these tons a relatively low head grade is delivered to the mill. The rate of stoping will be increased as more stopes become available which will increase the blended head grade delivered to the plant. Production build-up during 2011 to reach the planned Au ounces of 110,000 to 140,000 for the year will be dependent on achieving the planned rate of development as this will ensure required stopes being available to achieve production targets. Development rates will increase from a monthly average of 3,300 ft (1,000 meters) in Q1 2011 to 10,000 ft (3,000 meters) by the end of Q4 2010. As at December 31, 2010, approximately 197,000 ore tonnes from mining and development had been accumulated on the surface stockpiles at an average grade of 1 g/t. These tons are being co-mingled with development and stope tons mined in Q1 2011 to allow for a steady increase in the milling rate from 90,000 tonnes in January to 125,000 tonnes in July 2011. The blended head grade will also increase from 0.03 Au oz/t in Q1 2011 to 0.10 Au oz/t in Q4 2011.
|
27 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |

Figure 3: Burnstone Mine Layout of Primary Access to Kimberely Reef Horizon.
Mining method
The grade bearing reef on the Burnstone property is the Kimberley Reef. Over much of the identified mining area, this reef has average channel widths of 63cm, but can range from 0 cm (waste on contact) to 238cm. The reef dips at an average of 10° with dips ranging from flat to 17°.The structure is antiformal with a gentle plunge from North-West to South-East. From a practical mining perspective, this is categorised as being a relatively flat ore body. The reef occurs at depths from 250m below surface to more than 1,000m below surface.
The Company completed the optimised feasibility study in 2007 and has commenced with construction and development of Burnstone in mid 2007. The feasibility study for Burnstone was based on hybrid mining method, with no mechanisation on the reef plane. Hybrid mining method comprises of trackless footwall waste development and conventional breast stoping utilising hand held drill machines and face and gully scraper cleaning.
The Company investigated the opportunity of the using alternative mining methods at Burnstone with the objective of improving safety, productivity and profitability of Burnstone. In December 2007, the Company commissioned Turgis Consulting Limited (Turgis) to evaluate the possibility of using Long Hole Stoping (LHS) at Burnstone. The concept of LHS in narrow, tabular, low stress, steep dipping ore bodies is relatively common worldwide, whilst use in relatively flat (<20 degrees) for normal production is not commonly practiced.
Turgis completed a positive scoping study and was tasked to complete a detailed life of mine plan for Burnstone utilizing LHS as a mining method.
|
28 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
The LHS trial has been completed in Q4 2010, following 12 months experimenting with drilling, blasting and cleaning techniques. The progress made and results achieved during the trial period enabled the Company to implement LHS as the preferred mining method and develop a life-of-mine (LOM) plan based on this mining method. Our ore body also allows us to use LHS due to the relative flat dip (7 11 degrees) as well as the fact that we are mining at depths of 924 1,980 ft (280 600 meters) for the majority of the LOM. The development of standard drill rigs being able to drill the 50 ft (15 meters) extremely accurate also benefits this mining technique. The remainder of the equipment is also standard to the industry and includes load haul dumpers, dump trucks, roof bolters and single and twin boom drill rigs used for development in most underground mines throughout the world. The actual drilling, blasting and cleaning of the stope material is performed by a few specialized teams that have received the necessary training while the majority of the workforce focuses on development and support services to the mine.
Figure 4: Plan view of LHS stope lay-out.
As illustrated in Figure 4, reef areas are cut into 113 ft (34.5 meters) by 113 ft blocks by low profile reef drives of 13 ft (4 meters) by 7 ft (2 meters). T shaped pillars of 15 ft (4.5 meters) are left for support with the T configuration also providing support with blasting and cleaning of material into the low profile reef drives. Every fifth reef drive is a high profile drive of 15 ft (4.5 meters) by 15 ft. Low profile load haul dumpers muck the blasted material from the low profile drive to the high profile drives where it is loaded onto dump trucks and transported to the vertical shaft for hoisting.
The reef development completed thus far as well as the information from drilling has indicated an average channel width of 2.24 ft (0.68 meters). During the trial period the stoping team had been successful in managing the dilution to the average channel width. Ensuring that dilution is managed to the minimum will remain a key focus during the LOM as this will create the opportunity to increase the ore tons delivered to the plant at an increased head grade.
LHS has numerous benefits that include:
|
29 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Skills- Our employees all had 10 years of schooling and are fluent in English. This enables us to utilize world-class training and testing techniques to equip our personal with the skills required.
Efficiencies- LHS enables us to achieve significantly higher efficiencies than conventional mining in terms of tons and ounces per employee. Production build-up and the sustaining rate of production is higher than with conventional mining.
The Company has at February 1, 2011 completed over 6,000 meters (19,685 feet) of on-reef development and over 3,851 m2 (41,452 feet2) of LHS. The 2011 Mineral reserve update and LOM planning is based on LHS as the preferred mining method, and the decrease in dilution from this mining method also positively impacted on the updated reserve estimate.
Vertical shaft
On March 10, 2008, GBG announced that the DMR had approved an amended Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the sinking of a secondary outlet, in the form of a vertical shaft at its Burnstone development Burnstone Gold Mine. This development is aimed to remain in compliance with safety regulations by the establishment of a second outlet for the bulk sample Burnstone Gold Mine currently in development. Since the effective date of the Mining Right on February 17, 2009, the vertical shaft remains a secondary outlet required by law, but could also now assume its primary role, i.e. (after commissioning) as described below
The vertical shaft is intended primarily for rock hoisting, but is also equipped for the insertion and extraction of men and material. For this purpose, two winders have been installed. The 7.5 m diameter vertical shaft, lined with 300mm concrete, was sunk to an ultimate depth of 487 m, and is designed for the extraction of rock of 206,000tpm and the decline that can also do 80,000tpm over and above.
The contract to sink and equip the vertical shaft was awarded to Grinaker LTA Mining, a business unit of Aveng (Africa) Ltd. Site preparation and establishment was completed in time for the sinking operation to commence after the approval of the amended EMP. Currently, the vertical shaft has been commissioned and both the man and rock winder have been licensed on the October 15, 2010. One tip is commissioned and hoisting of rock started. Final touch-up equipping of the shaft is taking place and will be completed by the end of February 2011.
|
30 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Figure 5: General Vertical Shaft Arrangement.
Metallurgical plant
The metallurgical plant for the Burnstone Mine was designed to Feasibility Study level by MDM Engineering, and published as part of the final technical report on the feasibility study. The plant was initially designed for a production rate of 125,000 tonnes per month. This initial design was then increased with a further 50,000 tonnes per month to 175,000 tonnes per month capacity inline with the production profile of the mine.
An ex-works plant, as per the specifications from the feasibility study, was purchased in 2007 and delivered on site in 2008. The lead times and cost involved in procuring new mills was the main driver in acquiring this plant.
A metallurgical update to the June 2007 Optimized Feasibility Study was completed in the second quarter of 2009. This update included finalizing the Process Flow Design and Plant Layout for a Carbon-in-Leach process as well as detailed engineering and design. TWP Engineering (TWP) was contracted in July 2009 to manage an engineering, procurement and construction management contract on behalf of the Company.
The second hand mills that have been acquired were subjected to non-destructive testing and technical inspection to determine the level of refurbishment required. The mills were found to be in a sound condition and the refurbishment contract was awarded to F.L. Schmidt, the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) for this particular equipment, during the second quarter of 2009.
|
31 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
The metallurgical plant for Burnstone was designed for a production rate of 125,000 tonnes per month with an increase to 175,000 tonnes per month by adding a second ball mill in-line with the production profile of the mine. A combination of a Semi Autogenous Grinding (SAG) mill and Ball mill with a Carbon-in-Leach (CIL) process is used to maximize recoveries.
The completion of the plant terrace and site establishment by the construction contractors in February 2010 allowed for commencement of plant construction. An aggressive construction schedule was followed to ensure the plant was delivered as a fully integrated, commissioned unit by the end of 2010. The project encountered various challenges that included extraordinary rainfall, extreme cold winter as well as the impact on deliveries and contractors by the soccer world cup hosted in South Africa in July 2010. The construction schedule was closely monitored and alternative measures were put in place to keep the delivery schedule intact. Additional shifts were implemented and additional contractors were brought onto site to catch-up lost time.

Figure 6: Construction of Burnstone Metallurgical Plant completed within 12 months.
Diesel powered generators were used for power generation during the construction phase. The late delivery of permanent power to the site had a severe impact on the delivery schedule as commissioning of the major components could not commence without it. The commissioning of the plant was structured in a manner that allowed for this to be done sequentially. The crusher and the silo feed conveyer were commissioned on October 4, 2010 with crushed material being fed into the silo. Conveyers were run at low speed for the duration of the commissioning phase to ensure optimal performance prior to production.
|
32 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
The SAG and Ball mills were commissioned in October, 2010. The SAG and Ball mills are controlled using medium voltage drives, which offer improved reliability through the use of high voltage insulate gate bipolar transistors that are 99% efficient at full load and have a high dynamic response based on voltage source inverter technology. This is the first application of this power management technology in South Africa.
Gold slag recovered from the mills during the refurbishment process was used to commission the gold room in October, 2010. The first gold pour took place on October 31, 2010 with gold recovered through the gravity circuit. Commissioning of the gravity and CIL circuits as well as the thickener is now completed allowing for the uninterrupted processing of material starting in February 2011.
Close-out of construction packages is targeted for completion in Q1 2011. The plant has achieved its targeted rate for January 2011 of 90,000 tonnes milled. The current focus is to ramp up production and achieve a milling rate of 125,000 tons per month by July 2011.
Tailings dam
Confirmatory geotechnical work to support designs and environmental compliance was completed during 2009. A geophysical investigation for the TSF confirmed that there is no influence from regional fault structures. The storage characteristics and deposition method for the TSF was modeled to confirm designs while the tender drawings, bill of quantity and other related tender documentation were completed.
The tailings storage facility, inclusive of a bulk water storage dam was completed in Q3 2010 to coincide with the commissioning schedule of the metallurgical plant. .
General surface infrastructure
Bulk Power Supply
Eskom (the state-owned energy company) committed to the phased power demand requirements of the Burnstone Project which involves the refurbishment of an existing line, and construction of a new section of a power line to the mine site. An environmental basic assessment report was completed for the construction of the power line to the Burnstone Project and Eskom has completed negotiating servitude rights with owners of surface land that will be crossed by the power line.
All design work for the first of two lines between a proposed switching station (positioned between Grootvlei Power Station and Burnstone Mine) has been completed and material ordered. The proposed refurbishment of two existing lines between Grootvlei and the proposed switching station is currently being finalized and is also planned to commence in early 2010.The first phase for power supply to Burnstone consisting of 21 MvA, and on-site power reticulation has been completed and all facilities on site are now connected to Eskom power. Power supply to site will build-up to the required 51 MvA with the upgrade of the existing Eskom sub-station and feeder lines by the end of Q3 2011. Current Eskom supply is adequate to complete commissioning and to allow for the planned production build-up.
|
33 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Surface infrastructure
A combination of permanent and temporary buildings is being utilized. Site offices, warehouses, settling ponds, power lines, water feed systems and all surface infrastructure required for full commercial production has been completed and is in place.
The presence of a 100 feet (30 meters) coal seam resulted in a partial collapse of the sidewall close to surface during Q2 2010. Additional support work which included a 27 feet (8 meters) steel sleeve was installed and the subsided area backfilled with concrete to stabilize the top portion of the shaft. Further support with shotcrete, mesh, lacing as well as long anchors were also installed. The installation and commissioning of the three 720 kW fans has been completed and these are now operational.
Financial analysis
The tables below provide a summary of the key parameters and results of the recent economic analysis conducted on the Burnstone Property. The proven and probable reserves that form the basis of the financial analysis have been determined in accordance with Canadian regulations under NI 43-101, which differ from the SECs standards for such classification. See discussion above under Cautionary Note to United States Investors above.
Table 6: Financial Analysis Assumptions Burnstone.
| Assumption | January 2009 estimates | January 2011 estimates |
| Au Price | US$800/oz | US$1,000/oz |
| US$/ZAR exchange rate | 1 US$ = ZAR9.00 | 1 US$ = ZAR9.00 |
| Proven and Probable reserves used for the financial model | 30 million tonnes @ 4.2 g/t 4.1 million oz of Au |
44 million tonnes @ 4.47 g/t 6.4 million oz of Au |
| Percentage of measured and indicated resources used in financial model | 38% | 53% |
| Gold recovery | 95% | 95% |
Source: 2011 Burnstone Report
Cash costs include direct and indirect mining costs, development costs, engineering, environmental, safety, plant and site services, geology, general and administration, workmans compensation, insurance, royalties and milling costs.
Table 7: Cash Cost per Ounce (US$) Burnstone.
| Cash costs per oz | January 2009 estimates for LOM costs (US$/oz) | January 2011 estimates for LOM costs (US$/oz) |
| Mining | 211 | 308 |
| Milling | 30 | 32 |
| Electricity | 14 | 36 |
| South African Royalty | 32 | 36 |
|
34 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
| Cash costs per oz | January 2009 estimates for LOM costs (US$/oz) | January 2011 estimates for LOM costs (US$/oz) |
| Administration | 32 | 38 |
| Total | 319 | 450 |
Source: 2011 Burnstone Report
Regarding the capital cost table below, the increase in the capital costs is being negated by the devaluation of the ZAR to the US$.
Table 8: Burnstone Mine 2009 and 2011 Project Capital Cost.
| January 2009 Estimates (US$ million) |
January 2011 Estimates (US$ million) | |
| Mine development | 88 | 227 |
| Process plant | 37 | 98 |
| Vertical shaft | 30 | 63 |
| Mining equipment | 13 | 35 |
| Tailings | 7 | 9 |
| Sub Total | 175 | 432 |
| LOM Capital | 49 | 275 |
| Total Project Capital | 224 | 707 |
| Capital spend up to December 31, 2008/ 2010 | 55 | 332 |
| Remaining capital to be spent over LOM | 169 | 375 |
Regarding the total life of mine cost table below, total costs include cash costs plus proceeds on mineral taxes, income tax payable and depreciation and amortization.
Table 9: LOM Capital Cost Estimates Burnstone.
| LOM Avg. Total Costs (US$/oz) | 2011 Burnstone Report |
| Total costs | 620 |
An after tax cash flow schedule has been developed for the current production scenario, and the capital and operating costs disclosed above. The cash flow includes royalties and taxes payable. The results, at a cut-off of 4 g/t Au cut-off, show an estimated NPV of US$1,530 million at a 5% discount rate and an internal rate of return of 40.29% .
Table 10: Financial Analysis Burnstone.
| January 2009 Estimates | January 2011 Estimates | |
| Cash Operating Costs | US$ 319/oz | US$ 450/oz |
| IRR | 35.60% | 40.29% |
| * NPV (5%) | US$ 687 M | US$ 1,530 M |
| * NPV (10%) | US$ 414 M | US$ 1,090 M |
|
35 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
| January 2009 Estimates | January 2011 Estimates | |
| Payback | 5 years | 3 years |
| Mine life | 15 years | 26 years |
| Note: | January 2009 NPV includes historical capital spend. |
Source: 2011 Burnstone Report
Sensitivity Analysis
The following is a sensitivity analysis based on the June 2010 resource estimate. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to understand the impact on NPV (5% discount factor applied) by varying the Gold Price from US$850 to US$1,400 (although US$1,400 cannot be considered to be the current consensus long-term gold price) and the US$/ZAR exchange rate from ZAR7 10.
Table 11: Gold Price Sensitivity 2011 Burnstone Report.
| Au price | ||||
| USD/ZAR exchange rate | $800 | $1,000 | $1,200 | $1,400 |
| US$ million | US$ million | US$ million | US$ million | |
| US$1 = ZAR7.00 | 631 | 1,167 | 1,706 | 2,243 |
| US$1 = ZAR8.00 | 835 | 1,372 | 1,909 | 2,446 |
| US$1 = ZAR9.00 | 993 | 1,530 | 2,067 | 2,605 |
| US$1 = ZAR10.00 | 1,119 | 1,657 | 2,194 | 2,731 |
Plans
The potential for an increase in the production build-up in the medium term using LHS as the preferred mining method is demonstrated by the updated LOM plan. On-reef development remains the key to delivering the planned production build-up and will therefore be the priority focus for 2011. The production range of 110,000 to 140,000 au oz is therefore the result of the increased focus on on-reef development. Cash costs for 2011 are forecast in the range of US$520 US$620/oz which includes the impact of the diluted grade from the additional on-reef development.
Table 12: Remaining Project Capital 2011 Burnstone Report (US$ million)
| 2011 | 2013 | 2014 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Total | |
| US$ million | US$ million | US$ million | US$ million | US$ million | US$ million | US$ million | |
| Mine development | 39 | - | - | - | - | - | 39 |
| Area 2 access | - | - | - | 11 | 22 | 11 | 44 |
| Mining equipment | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | 6 |
| Process Plant | - | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | 8 |
| Vertical Shaft | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | 4 |
| Total | 49 | 4 | 4 | 11 | 22 | 11 | 101 |
|
36 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Hollister Property, Nevada
Unless stated otherwise, information of a technical or scientific nature related to the Hollister Property contained in this AIF is summarized or extracted from a a technical report entitled Technical Report on the Update of the Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates for the Hollister Gold Mine, Elko County, Nevada, USA dated February 8, 2011, prepared by Johannes G. Oelofse, FSAIMM, Pr. Eng., Philip N. Bentley, Pr. Sci. Nat. and Daniel J. van Heerden, Pr. Eng., ECSA, FSAIMM, AMMSA, of Minxcon Consultants, filed on SEDAR on February 8, 2011 Messrs Oelofse and Bentley are employees of Great Basin Gold, and Mr. Van Heerden is independent of the Company.
|
All information relating to the contents of the 2011
Hollister Report, including but not limited to statements of the HDB
projects potential and information such as capital and operating costs,
production summary, and financial analysis are forward looking statements.
The 2011 Hollister Report was prepared to quantify the HDB projects
capital and operating cost parameters and to determine the projects
likelihood of feasibility and optimal production rate. The capital and
operating cost estimates which were used have been developed based on
detailed capital cost to production level relationships. |
Hollister Property Description and Location
The Hollister Property is located in Townships 37 and 38 North, Range 48 East, Ivanhoe Mining District, Elko County, Nevada (see Figure 7). The Hollister Property consists of a total of 950 unpatented, federal mining claims, covering over 69 square kilometers. It is situated on Nevadas 80 km long Carlin Trend gold belt and is the host of classic Carlin-style low sulphidation epithermal banded veins in Ordovician sediments containing high grade precious metal values. Initial feasibility work was completed in mid 2007. Since that time, the Company has focused on permitting, additional development to prepare for production and additional underground and surface drilling.
|
37 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |

Figure 7: Hollister Property Location.
Source: 2011 Hollister Report
The HDB is currently being accessed for test mining, underground continuity drilling, and to obtain bulk samples through an excavated decline. Gold and silver mineralization occurs in multiple, steeply dipping vein systems. Permitting and pre-development work are ongoing, and more recently the Companys underground drilling program has continued to better define the vein mineralization leading to the Companys 2008, 2009 and 2010 mineral resource updates contained in previously filed technical reports. Vein systems within the HDB are the most thoroughly explored on the Hollister Property and are the location of the mineral resources and reserves described below.
The Hollister Property was purchased by the Company from a subsidiary of Newmont Mining Corporation, which had previously operated a leach recovery mine there to exploit some near surface mineralization. The Great Basin Golds primary focus is the deeper gold bearing system lying underneath an area covering approximately 5% of the Hollister Property, and known as the Hollister Development Block, or HDB. Feasibility work in 2007 and ongoing work through 2009 have determined the presence of proven and probable mineral reserves (as further discussed below.
The HDB was a joint venture with Hecla Mining Corp. from 2002 to 2007. In 2007 the Company purchased Heclas 50% interest for US$60 million. Great Basin Gold currently owns a 100% interest in the claims comprising the Hollister Property, subject to certain royalty interests ranging from 3% to 5% of any net smelter returns (also described in more detail below).
|
38 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Pursuant to the terms of a purchase agreement (the Ivanhoe Agreement) dated August 13, 1997, with a subsidiary of Newmont Mining Corporation (Newmont) and Touchstone Resources Company (Touchstone), Great Basin Gold acquired Newmonts 75% interest in the Hollister property. A Great Basin Gold subsidiary later acquired Touchstone, which owned the other 25%. A total of 504 claims are listed in the purchase agreement. Of these, 380 claims are subject to a 5% net smelter royalty (NSR) held by Newmont and 45 claims are subject to conditions under a lease agreement with the Hillcrest/Finley River partnership (described next paragraph).
The 45-claim Hillcrest/Finley River claim block is under an 80-year lease from the Hillcrest/Finley River partnership which expires October 27, 2080. This partnership retains an underlying NSR of 2% and receives annual lease payments of US$50,000 subject to increase. In each 20-year renewal period the annual lease payments will be increased by US$5,000. Newmont holds an additional 3% NSR on the Hillcrest/Finley River claims. Under the Ivanhoe Agreement, Great Basin Gold agreed to share Newmonts future reclamation costs for past mining at the Hollister Property on the basis of one third of such expenditures over US$4.5 million but less than US$6 million (US$500,000 maximum) and 25% of expenditures over US$6 million. Under the Ivanhoe Purchase Agreement, Newmont retains title to 62 of the Hollister Property mining claims (the Reclamation Area) until reclamation is complete, at which time Great Basin Gold will have the right, but not the obligation, to accept conveyance of the Reclamation Area for no further consideration. Newmonts original estimates for reclamation were in the US$4.5 -6 million range. As of the date hereof, the Company is still resolving some outstanding environmental issues with Newmont before the Company requests conveyance of the claims. Reclamation overruns have now exceeded US$1.5 million and are currently divided as 75% to Newmont and 25% to the Company.
In addition, the Robbie claims acquired under a 15-year lease on June 8, 1999, comprise 107 claims on the Hollister Property. Great Basin Gold is obligated under terms of the lease to an annual lease payment of US$4,000, a 2% NSR and to maintain the claims in good standing with the BLM and Elko County. The lease can be renewed if there is commercial production on the Robbie claims before 2014.
The federal government of the United States and the state government of Nevada have jurisdiction over mining activities and communities, habitat users and other interests that may be affected by mining. In particular, the Bureau of Land Management has jurisdiction over the land on which the Hollister Property is located.
Permits
The Hollister Property is subject to a number of State of Nevada and U.S. Federal permits. The following is an update on the status of major permits related to the HDB:
|
39 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
An amended Plan of Operations to approve full production was submitted to the U.S. federal Bureau of land management (BLM) in March 2008. After evaluating the Companys proposal for full-scale production, the BLM determined that the environmental analysis required for the Plan of Operations amendment is an EIS. The EIS process is currently underway in conjunction with the BLM;
A Water Pollution Control Permit (WPCP) from the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP) approving the production and processing of up to 275,000 tons of ore per annum off-site, effective December 24, 2008 (permit was modified/updated as of June 2009). Prior to the completion of the EIS process and receiving BLMs approval of the amended Plan of Operations, the underground exploration and development activities at the Hollister Property must be conducted within the 275,000 ore tons per year limit set out in the WPCP and in a manner that will fully protect the environment and in terms of associated legislative requirements other resources i.e. archaeological resources;
A reclamation Permit was approved by NDEP and BLM which covers reclamation and closure of the east pit area surface facilities and fluid management systems;
A second WPCP was approved by NDEP allows the operation of the Rapid Infiltration Basins for the disposal of water collected in the decline at the Hollister Property;
An Air Quality Operating Permit (Title V) was approved by NDEP allowing the use of diesel combustion generators for the generation of electricity; and
Surface exploration permits were issued to allow follow-up of the Hollister resource (Ivanhoe Plan of Operations, Hatter and Craig Notices of Intent).
The Companys central permitting goal at Hollister is to actively engage with the State and Federal regulatory authorities with a view to ensuring the EIS process is completed by early 2012.
Environmental Impact Statement
The Notice of Intent for the EIS was published in the Federal Register on April 19, 2010, which formally initiated the EIS scoping process. Work has been ongoing on all required elements of the EIS, but particularly chapters 2 and 3, which describe the proposed action and alternatives and the affected environment and environmental consequences of the proposed action. All resource survey work has been completed and final reports have been approved by BLM. Cultural resource survey work was completed in September 2010 and the final report is being drafted. All hydrologic modeling and reports have been completed and are awaiting final BLM approval. The preliminary draft EIS is scheduled for completion by the second quarter of 2011. The estimated completion date for the issuance of a record of decision is early 2012. The milestones of the EIS process to date are:
Third Party Contractor (AECOM) Selection Process: Completed September 2009;
Public Scoping Process: Completed May 2010;
A Preliminary Draft Environmental Impact Statement (PDEIS) was circulated for comments in late November 2010 and a review of the main chapters of the PDEIS by the Companys is in progress. Recommended revisions to Chapter 2 (which describes the existing and proposed activities) have been forwarded to BLM. BLM is in process of scheduling a meeting where all parties (BLM, cooperating agencies, the Company and AECOM) will meet to review the comments and to make any necessary changes prior to document being determined to be ready for public review and comment as the Draft Environmental Impact Statement.
Weekly EIS team conference calls have been implemented to manage and monitor the EIS process. The calls are attended by the Company, BLM and AECOM.
|
40 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
The Company requested that the BLM record in the PDEIS that the current ore extraction rates for bulk sampling and testing in the range of 280 to 400 tons per day constitutes a no action alternative for the BLM. The BLM agreed to this request in September 2010 and hence PDEIS is one of the material documents in the EIS process. This accommodation by BLM has in managements view mitigated the risks associated with the EIS as the existing trial mining rate is expected to continue unaffected during the entire EIS process.
The Company received a government complaint that its activities have disturbed certain surface areas in the Hollister Project vicinity contrary to the US federal "Archaeological Resources Protection Act" and as a result it may be responsible for a damage assessment. The matter was effectively settled in an agreement signed on October 18, 2010 between the Company and the Bureau of Land Management.
Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure and Physiography
The shortest access to the Hollister Property is from the freeway corridor by gravel roads, north of Battle Mountain, for over a distance of roughly 50 mi (80 km). Battle Mountain is the nearest town with full service facilities. The nearest mining infrastructure is at the Dee Mine, located 8 mi (13 km) by road to the southeast. Major power transmission lines lie just off the south-eastern corner of the Hollister Property, and a sub-station is located 5 mi (8 km) to the east. Elko is the support hub for mining operations on the Carlin Trend, and has a well-developed transportation network (air, rail, and road), workforce pool, and contractor service base.
The Hollister Property occurs in the Great Basin Gold physiographic province of the western United States. The Great Basin Gold area is characterized by basin and range topography. Low rolling hills typify the propertys landscape, with elevations ranging from 5,380 to 6,000 feet. Drainage patterns in the immediate area predominantly trend northeast to north-south. The head of Little Antelope Creek bisects the property in a north-south direction and joins Antelope Creek approximately 3.5 miles south of the property. Though most of the regions streams are seasonal, water flows in Antelope Creek and Willow Creek for most of the year. Vegetation consists of the high desert sagebrush and bunch grasses common to the Great Basin Gold area.
The climate is arid, high desert. Temperatures can reach as low as 30 ºF (34 ºC) during the winter and summer high temperatures approach 105 ºF (41 ºC). Annual precipitation averages 8 to 10 inches, and occurs as snow in the winter and early spring months, and sporadic rain throughout the rest of the year. These climatic conditions support an exploration field season that normally extends from April through the end of November and year-round gold mining operations.
History
The Hollister District consists of widespread mid-Miocene hot springs deposits with associated mercury and disseminated gold mineralization that were discovered in the early 1900s. Mining commenced in 1915 and as many as 150 flasks were produced by 1917. Mining was inactive until 1929 through 1943 when more than 2,000 additional flasks were produced in the district, about half coming from the Butte #1 and Butte #2 mines, and the Velvet and Clementine mines, near the former Hollister pit. There has been no mercury production since. Gold mineralization was recognized early on but was not considered to be economic at prevailing prices and technology.
Exploration for mercury and other metals resumed in the early 1960s. Auric Metals drilled 100 rotary holes for mercury around the Velvet Mine in the late 1960s. During the 1970s, Apco Oil drilled a porphyry molybdenum play, Noranda drilled a uranium target, and Homestake intensively explored the district for McLaughlin-type (hot springs model) gold deposits. In the 1980s, other operators drilled several holes for mercury, silver and/or gold. None of these programs encountered sufficient mineralization to warrant developing a mine.
|
41 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
United States Steel Corporation undertook comprehensive exploration of the district between 1980 and 1986, employing geological, geochemical and geophysical techniques, along with considerable drilling. In 1987, Cornucopia Resources purchased the property via its Touchstone Resources subsidiary and formed a 50/50 joint venture with Galactic Resources to mine the deposit as the Hollister mine, an open pit/heap-leach operation. By 1990, the TouchstoneGalactic joint venture produced a feasibility study based on 879 drill holes (328,000 ft of diamond and rotary drilling) which defined a mainly oxide reserve. The Hollister open pit mine went into production in 1990 and mining continued until 1992 when Galactic declared bankruptcy as a result of problems at the Summitville mine in Colorado. Total production was 115,696 ounces of gold contained in 3,271,954 tons (residual leaching of the heap was completed in 1996).
In 1992 Newmont entered the district via a 75/25 joint venture with Cornucopia, after buying Galactics interest in the Hollister Property. Their land position was enlarged and more drilling was undertaken, including pursuit of high grade vein intersections made earlier by the Touchstone joint venture. By this time there were around 900 drill holes (mainly rotary) in the Hollister Property, most of them in Tertiary units above the unconformity with the Ordovician Vanini Formation (also known as Vinini Formation) which is the main host for the vein mineralization. Newmont opted out of the project in 1995, and in 1997 its interests were acquired by Consolidated North Coast Industries Ltd. which subsequently merged with Pacific Sentinel Gold Corp. to form Great Basin Gold Ltd. Great Basin Gold acquired Touchstones 25% in 1999, and currently holds 100% of the Hollister Property subject to net smelter royalties described under Project Description and Location.
In late 1997, the 109 contiguous claims comprising the Aagaard group were acquired under lease for US$30,000 per annum. In December 1999, the Aagaard claims were purchased for $50,000 and 75,000 Great Basin Gold shares. There are no remaining royalties or lease payments on the Aagaard claims. In 1998, the 139 claims comprising the Ho claim group were acquired by staking. This claim group extends the Hollister Property position to the west and adds continuity to the northwest-trending portion of the Hollister deposit-area. There are no royalties on the Ho claims. In July 2001, the Company acquired the Sheep Corral property, consisting of 65 unpatented lode mining claims for US$50,000. The claims adjoin the northwest corner of the Hollister Property. In 2004, the Company acquired the 13 Joe claims through staking, extending the Hollister Property position to the west. There are no royalties on the Joe claims.
Geology
The Hollister Property is located at the intersection of the Carlin Trend and the Northern Nevada Rift, as illustrated in Figure 7 above. The Carlin Trend is a northwest-trending 50-mile long metallogenic corridor. Mines on the Carlin Trend have produced in excess of 70 million ounces of gold. Carlin Trend type mineralization is Eocene in age. The Northern Nevada Rift is a north-northwest trending feature made up of bimodal volcanic rocks that host Miocene aged bonanza epithermal gold deposits such as Ken Snyder, Mule Canyon, Buckskin National and Hollister. The Paleozoic stratigraphy and Eocene magmatic pulse that is critical to the development of Carlin-type deposits to the southwest are in evidence at Hollister as are the Miocene mineralizing events.
The Hollister stratigraphic section includes Ordovician sedimentary rocks, intruded by mid-Eocene plutons and unconformably overlain by a veneer of Miocene volcanic and volcano-sedimentary rocks. Devonian sedimentary rocks have been intersected at depth below the Ordovician sediments under the Roberts Mountain Thrust.
|
42 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Epithermal gold mineralization at the Hollister Property occurred in the early Miocene (12-15 Ma) and is associated with the North Nevada Rift where it over-prints the Carlin Trend. The Hollister Property has a low-sulfidation epithermal system characterized by banded quartz veins with electrum and silver selenides. Some of the primary geological elements of the sediment-hosted gold deposits of the Carlin Trend are present at the Hollister Property, including Eocene intrusive rocks and lower plate carbonate rocks. The Hatter stock (a granodioritic intrusive) at the Hollister Property has been dated at 39 Ma and is similar to 39 Ma biotite-feldspar porphyry dikes occurring in the Goldstrike area. The main pulse of gold mineralization on the Carlin Trend is dated at about 38 Ma and commonly thought to be associated with late Eocene magmatism.
Exploration and Mineralization
Geophysical, geochemical and geological surveys have been carried out over a large part of the Hollister Property to aid in targeting exploration drill holes.
The most prominent surface feature on the Hollister Property is the blanket-like silica replacement bodies that occur in two stratigraphic positions. Close examination of these features reveals that they have sinters with associated mercury mineralization as well as replacement bodies that are locally up to 200 ft thick. Gold values in these high-level epithermal features are uniformly low to absent. Gold mineralization in Tertiary volcanic rocks below the silica cap coincides, in part, with the epithermal veins in the basement. Some of the best mineralization in Tertiary rocks, however, is rootless.
Gold distribution in the Tertiary at the Hollister Property is widespread resulting in complex grade thickness patterns. The Clementine/Gwenivere vein system produces a strong Tertiary-hosted gold plume that is generally consistent with the orientation of the vein system. The coincidence of the Clementine vein with the north edge of the plume is striking.
Gold distribution in the Ordovician is much more restricted than in the Tertiary. Deeper vein exploration success was enhanced by orientating vein intercepts in core frames to bedding in historic holes in Vinini rocks in areas where it could be demonstrated that fault and fold complications were not present. Step outs were planned using these orientations and the Clementine and Gwenivere vein sets were successfully delineated by the subsequent drill program.
As previously mentioned, the HDB was the subject of an exploration joint venture between Great Basin Gold and by Hecla Mining Company, now Hecla Ltd (Hecla) which terminated in April, 2007 when Great Basin Gold bought out Heclas 50% interest. During the period from 2002 to 2006, Hecla conducted engineering and permitting work in furtherance of an underground development program and obtained the necessary permits to complete the Stage 1 underground development, drilling, and feasibility work.
After receiving the requisite permits in mid 2004, the underground exploration and development program began at the HDB under the management of Hecla. Site facilities were established and development of the decline to access the gold-silver vein systems began in October 2004 for the purpose of obtaining bulk samples and to conduct underground exploration drilling in order to increase the confidence level of the mineral resources.
Underground drilling is an important phase of evaluation, enabling more detailed delineation of vein mineralization. The updated in-situ vein model now reflects 32 veins, compared to 21 in 2009. Three drill rigs are currently utilized underground evaluating i) future trial stopes, ii) Blanket mineralization above the Tertiary volcanic unconformity, and iii) exploration and infill targets to test continuity of mineralization.
|
43 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Of note are advances being achieved in understanding the vertical expression of the mineralization hosted in the epithermal vein systems from depth and upwards to surface. Recent advances in the 3000N 1E trial stope on the Clementine vein #18 have exposed mineralization occurring at and above the unconformity between the Ordovician (~ 430 million year) metasediments and overlying Tertiary (12-15 million year) volcanic. Spectacular enrichment in gold and silver grades in this so-called Blanket zone have been exposed.
Table 13: Showing the stope locality, channel sample results and Blanket Zone targets.
| Distance along strike | |||
| Distance Feet |
Channel Au opt. |
Dil Channel Au opt. |
Muck Au opt. |
| 0 | 46.6 | 6.7 | - |
| 10 | 55.7 | 4.8 | - |
| 20 | 189.4 | 18.9 | 1.0 |
| 30 | 12.8 | 2.6 | 1.7 |
| 40 | 464.0 | 92.8 | 26.3 |
| 50 | 32.4 | 16.2 | - |
| 60 | 69.6 | 34.8 | 8.2 |
| 70 | 752.8 | 188.2 | 16.0 |
| 80 | 2,560.4 | 640.1 | 79.6 |
| 90 | 283.8 | 70.9 | 116.0 |
| 100 | 228.5 | 68.5 | 19.8 |
| 110 | 99.5 | 24.9 | 3.4 |
| 120 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 1.4 |
| 130 | 36.0 | 9.0 | 4.7 |
| 140 | 24.2 | 12.1 | 4.9 |
| 150 | 7.4 | 3.7 | 7.5 |
| 160 | 3.7 | 0.6 | - |
| 170 | 2.5 | 0.4 | - |
| Average | 270.6 | 66.4 | 22.3 |
Figure 8: Trial mining stope 3000N 1 E Lift 43 plan view channel assays (Au oz/ton).
|
44 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |

Figure 9: Existing Blanket Zone high grade drilling intercept clusters relative to trial mining stope 3000N 1E.
The very high grade zones are directly related to the propagation of the Clementine vein #18 structure upwards into the Tertiary volcanic strata, and upwards to surface, creating a geothermal vent, close to the historical Clementine mercury mine. The 3000N 1E trial stope is at an elevation of 5,440 feet (1,648 meters) above sea level, and there is an estimated 360 feet (~109 meters) to surface (5,800 feet (1,758 meters) above sea level). The dimensions of the current exposures in 3000N 1E will be investigated by a combination of diamond core drilling, cross cuts and raises.
The evaluation of Blanket Zone material progressed during Q4 2010. Bulk sampling involved the successful extraction of some 500 tons grading on average 12 oz/ton Au eqv. An initial phase of underground drilling was initiated to determine the grade profile and strike continuity of the Blanket Zone style of mineralization exposed at 3000N 1E. As at February 21, 2011, 5 boreholes (each approximately 600 feet long) had been completed. A further 11 holes are planned for completion by end March 2011 to enable preliminary mineral resource modelling. The super high grade (>10 oz/ton Au) zones are directly related to vertical extensions into the Tertiary volcanic strata of narrow mineralised structures in the underlying Ordovicician metasediments.
Potential exists to test other Blanket style zones in similar structural settings at the top of all mineralized epithermal veins included in the current life of mine plans for Hollister.
The first long flat underground borehole testing the Velvet area to the north of current infrastructure (HDB 432; EOH 2,800 ft) was completed on February 14, 2011. The borehole intersected a number of silicified and weak to moderately mineralised silicified zones and fault structures that are indicative of fluid circulation and alteration. As at February 22, 2011, a second hole had reached 1,520 ft with approximately 1,480 ft remaining. The structural and alteration features in this area are being modelled so as to put the borehole results into context.
Underground structural mapping has helped advance the geometry of structures localizing vein development. A left-lateral side-stepping pattern of vein clusters is emerging, and specifically supports the ongoing drilling program which will focus on extensions of the Gloria vein system to the west/northwest, encouraging Gwenivere intersections to the southeast, and development of a subparallel vein system to the north.
|
45 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Underground drilling during Q4, 2010 continued to gain positive results for the recently discovered SE Gwenivere vein system. Preliminary modelling of the vein system has been initiated.
Surface Exploration
No surface exploration drilling was conducted during the year. The integration of geophysical survey interpretations (in particular geological structures) with available geological data has progressed, but still needs tying in with exposed and mapped underground structures. Permitting by the BLM for the next round of surface exploration drilling on the Hatter and Ivanhoe Plan of Operations has been received.
The second Hollister geochemical standard, which will match the common grade range of the ore stockpile material (~ 1 oz/ton / 31 ppm Au and 8 oz/ton / 250 ppm Ag) is still in the process of being completed. The sample, comprised of approximately 1,500 pounds of coarse crushed drill core rejects, has been pulped and prepped by American Assay Laboratories. The sample will be mixed in a ribbon blender prior to its use in round robin assay analysis. These standards are a critical step to accurate QAQC analysis of laboratories used for assaying the various sample sources (eg. exploration drilling, channel, core drilling, and bulk blanket-style).
Sampling and Analysis
Previously, surface diamond drilling sampling was analyzed at Inspectorate America Corporation, and underground diamond drilling and channel sampling was analyzed at ALS Chemex Laboratories (ALS Chemex). Both laboratories are located in Reno (Sparks) Nevada. From December 2007 to December 2009, all assays were carried out by ALS Chemex. Samples collected from the HDB are stored in a secure facility until delivered to ALS Chemex.
Since December 2009, the primary analytical laboratory responsible for the preparation and analysis of underground diamond drill hole samples and underground channel and diamond drill hole samples has been Inspectorate America Corporations laboratory at Sparks, NV (IAC, ISO 9001: 2001 accredited). Since May 2010, the channel samples are being prepared and analyzed by RCP Laboratory Lovelock, Nevada.
Laboratory Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) is monitored by the Company using coarse reject Blanks and assay Standards, Duplicate fire assays, as well as the laboratories internal Standards and Blanks. Coarse Blanks and assay Standards are inserted into the sample sequence (by Company geologists) as Blind samples, prior to submitting the samples to the laboratory.
As part of the 2010 Mineral resource estimation, Deswik Mining Consultants undertook certain verification studies of the informing drill hole data and database, as well as visited the Inspectorate Laboratory in Reno, Nevada, which is utilised by the Company for borehole analyses. They commented that the Standard and Blank values in the database generally passed the QAQC requirements. The results from the Blank samples over the period between April 2009 and June 2010 indicate that there is no carry over contamination of samples during preparation and analysis. Similarly, the results from the Standard samples over the same period indicate a satisfactory level of analytical precision. The laboratory has however been requested to also report the results of their internal duplicate samples for processing and comparison by the Company geologists. Deswik Mining Consultants also noted that the Duplicates in the database used for the resource estimation are Lab Duplicates and are not Duplicates requested by the mine. Deswik Mining Consultants has recommended that Hollister mine reviews the current QC samples collection policy and update it to include blind pulp Duplicates and Umpire Lab samples. This is currently being adopted into the QAQC protocol and procedure manual and put into practice.
|
46 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Deswik Mining Consultants are confident that the data received for the current resource estimation is reliable and as accurate as is possible at the current time. Verification procedures are considered to have met or exceeded industry standards. A complete description of the sampling methodologies is found on pages 117 to 120 of the 2011 Hollister report.
2010 Hollister Resource Estimate
An updated estimate of the mineral resources at Hollister was completed on June 30, 2010 and announced during August 2010.
At an assumed gold grade cut-off of 8.57 g/t (0.25 oz/st), the combined measured and indicated mineral resources in the HDB contain an estimated 1.637 million in-situ equivalent gold Troy ounces (using an average gold price = US$1,000/Troy ounce, average silver price = US$15/Troy ounce with no recovery factor applied) in 1.017 million tonnes (1.121 million short tons) with average in-situ grades of 44.73 g/t (1.305 oz/st) of gold and 354.8 g/t (10.35 oz/st) of silver. A further 1.274 million equivalent in-situ gold Troy ounces (using an average gold price = US$1,000/Troy ounce, average silver price = US$15/Troy ounce with no recovery factor applied) are contained in the inferred mineral resource category of 1.349 million tonnes (1.487 million short tons) with average in-situ grades of 23.67 g/t (0.69 oz/st) of gold and 380 g/t (11.1 oz/st) of silver, at a gold grade cut-off of 8.57 g/t (0.25 oz/st).
Gold equivalent ounces in the measured and indicated categories increased by 14% from the March 2009 mineral resource update. In managements view, resource estimates for the Hollister Property have continued to benefit significantly from the ongoing underground stope delineation and infill/cover drilling, which has provided the basis for detailed planning for trial mining. An additional 320 diamond core holes (totalling 109,731 feet or 33,295 meters) were completed in the period from April 2009 to June 30, 2010, and the information from these holes has been integrated into the updated model. The drilling program has provided infill data to delineate stopes for trial mining, and significantly improved our understanding of the lateral and vertical geological continuity of the vein system. The trial mining has generated geological mapping and channel sampling data that is used for empirical reconciliation of the resource wireframe model versus actual excavated vein. As a result, more stringent parameters continue to be applied to measured and indicated classifications. The resource estimate is based on a combination of informing surface and underground diamond drilling and ore control channel sampling, and reflects depletion of material mined up to June 30, 2010 (the effective date of the estimate).
| Cautionary Note to Investors Concerning Estimates of Measured and Indicated Resources |
|
The AIF uses the term measured resources and indicated resources. The Company advises investors that while those terms are recognized and required by Canadian regulations, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission does not recognize them. Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of mineral deposits in these categories will ever be converted into reserves. |
Results of the resource estimate based on all drilling and ore control channel sampling to June 30, 2010 are tabulated below:
|
47 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Table 14: Summary of In Situ Mineral Resources Estimate by Gold Grade Cut Off (August 2010).
| Category | Au Grade Cut-off | Amount (000) | Average Au Grade | Average Ag Grade | Equivalent Au oz | ||||
| g/t | oz/
st |
tonne(s) | ton(s) | g/t | oz/ st |
g/t | oz/ ton |
||
| Measured | 5.14 | 0.15 | 389 | 429 | 65.06 | 1.898 | 545.7 | 15.92 | 915,800 |
| 6.86 | 0.20 | 362 | 399 | 69.50 | 2.027 | 583.4 | 17.02 | 910,000 | |
| 8.57 | 0.25 | 337 | 371 | 74.05 | 2.160 | 622.0 | 18.14 | 903,100 | |
| 10.29 | 0.30 | 313 | 345 | 79.03 | 2.305 | 664.3 | 19.37 | 895,000 | |
| Indicated | 5.14 | 0.15 | 975 | 1,075 | 23.10 | 0.674 | 167.7 | 4.89 | 802,800 |
| 6.86 | 0.20 | 802 | 884 | 26.79 | 0.781 | 196.1 | 5.72 | 766,800 | |
| 8.57 | 0.25 | 680 | 750 | 30.21 | 0.881 | 222.5 | 6.49 | 733,900 | |
| 10.29 | 0.30 | 586 | 646 | 33.58 | 0.979 | 248.1 | 7.24 | 702,300 | |
| Measured + Indicated |
5.14 | 0.15 | 1,364 | 1,503 | 35.06 | 1.023 | 275.5 | 8.03 | 1,718,600 |
| 6.86 | 0.20 | 1,164 | 1,283 | 40.06 | 1.169 | 316.4 | 9.23 | 1,676,800 | |
| 8.57 | 0.25 | 1,017 | 1,121 | 44.73 | 1.305 | 354.8 | 10.35 | 1,637,000 | |
| 10.29 | 0.30 | 898 | 990 | 49.40 | 1.441 | 393.0 | 11.46 | 1,597,000 | |
|
Note: |
The equivalent gold oz shown in the above table is calculated by applying a gold price of US$1,000 per Troy ounce and US$15 per Troy ounce for silver. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. Contained ounces and equivalent ounces are undiluted and assume 100% recoveries. |
| Cautionary Note to Investors Concerning Estimates of Inferred Resources |
|
The AIF uses the term inferred resources. The Company advises investors that while this term is recognized and required by Canadian regulations, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission does not recognize it. Inferred resources have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and as to their economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of a mineral resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Under Canadian rules, estimates of Inferred Mineral Resources may not form the basis of economic studies, except in rare cases. Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of an inferred resource exists, or is economically or legally mineable. |
|
48 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Table 15: Summary of Hollister Property Inferred Mineral Resources (August 2010).
| Category | Au Grade Cut-off | Mass (000s) | Average Au Grade | Average Ag Grade | Equivalent
Au oz (000s) |
||||||
| g/t | oz/ st |
tonne (s) | ton(s) | g/t | oz/ st |
Oz (000s) |
g/t | oz/ st |
Oz (000s) |
||
| Total Inferred | 5.14 | 0.15 | 2,073 | 2,285 | 17.72 | 0.517 | 1,181 | 257 | 7.5 | 17,115 | 1,437 |
| 6.86 | 0.20 | 1,621 | 1,787 | 20.98 | 0.612 | 1,094 | 322 | 9.4 | 16,806 | 1,346 | |
| 8.57 | 0.25 | 1,349 | 1,487 | 23.67 | 0.69 0 | 1,027 | 380 | 11.1 | 16,497 | 1,274 | |
| 10.29 | 0.30 | 1,170 | 1,289 | 25.84 | 0.754 | 972 | 433 | 12.6 | 16,293 | 1,216 | |
|
Note: |
The equivalent gold oz shown in the above table is calculated by applying a gold price of US$1,000 per Troy ounce and US$15 per Troy ounce for silver. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. Contained ounces and equivalent ounces are undiluted and assume 100% recoveries. |
The resource classification, in comparison to the previous estimate, reflects movement from inferred to indicated and from indicated to measured, and underpins increasing confidence in the block estimations. The higher confidence is directly linked to the significantly increased evaluation database from the trial mining and underground drilling. The grade estimation more closely reflects what is observed empirically underground. It also indicates that there is a quantifiable increase in block grade with increased density of sample data. The depth extent of the vein system has been maintained at a depth of 1,318 meters (4,350 feet) above mean sea level (approximately 1,200 feet or 380 meters below surface), and is the current maximum depth extent of inferred resources.
The mineral resource estimate was completed under the supervision of Phil Bentley, Pr.Sci.Nat., Vice President of Geology and Exploration for Great Basin Gold, who is the qualified person responsible for the estimate.
Mineral Reserves
An updated estimate of the mineral reserve at Hollister was announced during February 2011. Mineral reserves were determined or declared using a gold cut-off grade of 8.57 g/t (0.25 oz/st). The Hollister Property is still in the trial mining stage; however, based on production techniques tested to date, the Company has estimated applicable call factors for mining of approximately 85% and metallurgical recoveries of approximately 92% for Au and 85% for Ag. Since the 2009 Mineral Reserve estimate, a total of 165,772 tons have been extracted at an average grade of 36.4 g/t (1.06 Au eqv oz/ton), yielding 176,387 Au eqv oz.
Table 16: Reconciliation between the January 2009 and January 2011 Reserve Estimates without applying the call factors at a cut-off grade of 0.25 oz/st and taking depletion into account.
| Description | Cut-off oz/ton | Tons (000) | Au eqv oz/ton | Au eqv oz (000) |
| January 2009 Reserve estimate* | 0.25 | 1,398 | 0.90 | 1,257 |
| Apply 85% call factor | N/A | - | - | (188) |
| Trial mined 2009 2011 | N/A | (166) | 1.06 | (176) |
| Apply metallurgical recoveries | N/A | - | - | (90) |
| Restated January 2009 Reserve estimate | N/A | 1,232 | 0.65 | 803 |
| January 2011 Reserve estimate | 0.25 | 1,048 | 0.87 | 907 |
| Mineral Reserves added | 104 |
Note: |
No mining and plant recovery factors applied. The January 2011 figures use the same gold and silver prices as noted for resources above, whereas the January 2009 Au eqv oz were based on US$800 for gold and $12 for silver, in each case per Troy ounce. |
|
49 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
As the Hollister Property did not have a dedicated plant, no metallurgical recoveries or call factors were applied to the January 2009 Reserve statement.
A minimum stoping width of 0.91 meters (36 inches) was assumed for purposes of Mineral Reserve estimation, along with dilution defined as waste tonnes (or tons) carrying zero grade and 100 percent in-stope extraction. An analysis by the Companys technical staff confirms that no systematic, in-stope pillars will be required because of the cut-and-fill trial mining method now being utilized. Based on the results of trial stoping and grade reconciliation studies, where vein widths of 0.76 meters (30 inches) or greater were considered, a total of 0.15 meters (six inches) of hanging wall dilution and 0.15 meters (six inches) of footwall dilution was applied. Where appropriate, other average dilution rates were applied. The in-situ wireframe model generated with the measured and indicated mineral resources in the table above was used as basis for this mineral reserve update.
Table 17: Summary of the Hollister Property Mineral Reserve Estimates at a 8.57 g/t (0.25 oz/st)(January 2011).
| Reserve Category | Au Cut-off Grade oz/st | Tons | Au oz/st | Ag oz | Ag oz/st | Ag oz | Au eqv oz |
| Proven | 0.25 | 347,100 | 1.33 | 460,300 | 7.75 | 2,689,400 | 500,700 |
| Probable | 0.25 | 701,800 | 0.53 | 371,800 | 3.27 | 2,296,600 | 406,300 |
| Total Proven & Probable | 0.25 | 1,048,900 | 0.79 | 832,100 | 4.75 | 4,986,000 | 907,000 |
|
Note: |
The equivalent gold ounces reported above are as stated by the Company. They were calculated by the Company by applying a gold price of US$1,000 per Troy ounce, a silver price of US$15 per Troy ounce. A Mining Call Factor of 85% and Metallurgical Recovery factors of 92% for Au and 85% for Ag were applied. |
The mineral reserve estimate was completed under the supervision of Johan Oelofse, Pr.Eng, FSAIMM, Chief Operating Officer for Great basin Gold who is the qualified person responsible for the estimate. A technical report on the Resource and Reserve update was completed in February 2011 and filed on www.sedar.com.
| Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Concerning Reserve Calculations |
|
The mineral reserve estimates contained in the AIF have been calculated in accordance with NI 43- 101, as required by Canadian securities regulatory authorities. For United States reporting purposes, SEC Industry Guide 7 (under the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act)), as interpreted by Staff of the SEC, applies different standards in order to classify mineralization as a reserve. As a result, the definitions of proven and probable reserves used in NI 43-101 differ from the definitions in the SEC Industry Guide 7. Under SEC standards, mineralization may not be classified as a "reserve" unless the determination has been made that the mineralization could be economically and legally produced or extracted at the time the reserve determination is made. Among other things, all necessary permits would be required to be in hand or issuance imminent in order to classify mineralized material as reserves under the SEC standards. |
Accordingly, mineral reserve estimates contained herein do not qualify as reserves under SEC standards. |
|
50 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Trial Stoping and Milling
Table 18: Summary of the Trial stoping and milling results.
| 3 months ended December 31 2010 |
3 months ended December 31 2009 |
12 months ended December 31 2010 |
12 months ended December 31 2009 |
|
| Ore tons to surface | 27,490 | 16,787 | 98,753 | 67,019 |
| Contained Au oz extracted | 25,328 | 18,226 | 100,867 | 56,189 |
| Contained Ag oz extracted | 101,401 | 99,737 | 559,195 | 462,746 |
| Contained Au eqv oz extracted | 26,849 | 19,722 | 109,255 | 67,132 |
| Contained average grade Au eqv oz/ton | 0.98 | 1.17 | 1.11 | 1.01 |
| Tons milled | 27,553 | - | 84,500 | - |
| Recovered Au oz | 20,520 | - | 64,664 | - |
| Recovered Ag oz | 92,003 | - | 289,136 | - |
| Recovered Au eqv oz | 21,901 | - | 69,001 | - |
| Au eqv oz sold | 31,911 | - | 62,604 | - |
| Recovery % Au | 80% | - | 82% | - |
| Recovery % Ag | 61% | - | 60% | - |
| Cash production cost per ton sold (US$) | US$546 | - | US$570 | - |
| Cash production cost per Au eqv oz sold (US$) | US$669 | - | US$719 | - |
| Cash production cost per ton sold | $563 | - | $589 | - |
| Cash production cost per Au eqv oz sold | $690 | - | $743 | - |
|
Note: |
Metallurgical and cost information presented in the table are from our Esmeralda mill and exclude results of toll milling and ore sale agreements. |
Ore tons to surface improved 64% from the comparative quarter in 2009 with a 47% improvement in the year to date compared to the 12 months ended December 31, 2009. Ore tons for the quarter were also 23% higher than Q3 2010. The continued focus on and action plans to increase ore tons from underground are showing positive results.
Estimated contained Au eqv oz extracted improved 41% and 63%, respectively, compared to the results for the 3 and 12 months ended December 31, 2009. Contained Au eqv oz for the quarter was also 16% higher than Q3 2010.
The Esmeralda mill achieved a new milling record in Q4 2010 with 27,553 tons milled. This is a 40% improvement over Q3 2010 and a 26% improvement over Q2 2010, which was the previous best quarter. Recoveries for the quarter of 80% Au and 61% Ag are still below our target of 92% Au and 85% Ag; lower recoveries were related to the high metal content fouling the carbon in the process. This issue is being addressed by the installation of a carbon regeneration system and automation of certain components within the mill. While the installation is underway, carbon is being replaced at a rate of 3 tons per day. This measure appears to be positively impacting recoveries with preliminary results for February 2011 showing an improvement when compared to Q4 2010.
|
51 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Cash production costs for the Nevada operations over the quarter decreased by 11% from the prior quarter and amounted to $563 (Q3 2010: $635) per ton, consisting of $372 (Q3 2010: $427) mining and $191 (Q3 2010: $208) milling and haulage. On an Au eqv oz basis, cash production costs for the quarter improved by 19% over Q3 2010 and consisted of $455 (Q3 2010: $575) for mining and $235 (Q3 2010: $279) for milling and haulage. The improvement in the cash production costs is a result of the increase in tons extracted and processed during the quarter. The cash production costs have shown a downward trend over the 2010 fiscal year as production volumes increased. The trial mining operations are achieving their operating cost targets but operating costs at the Esmeralda mill are higher than planned. Improving efficiencies as well as automation of certain components within the mill is expected to reduce the mill operating costs to within plan by Q2 2011.
Table 19: Ore sales and toll milling agreements.
| 3 months ended December 31 2010 |
3 months ended December 31 2009 |
12 months ended December 31 2010 |
12 months ended December 31 2009 |
|
| Queenstake Resources USA Inc. | ||||
| Tons milled | 5,027 | - | 9,360 | - |
| Au oz recovered | 359 | - | 3,152 | - |
| Ag oz recovered | 2,024 | - | 6,186 | - |
| Au eqv oz recovered | 389 | - | 3,246 | - |
| Newmont Mining USA Limited | ||||
| Tons milled | - | - | 34,004 | 30,900 |
| Au oz recovered | - | - | 20,333 | 30,071 |
| Ag oz recovered | - | - | 153,031 | 220,960 |
| Au eqv oz recovered | - | - | 22,939 | 33,190 |
| Kinross Mining Limited | ||||
| Tons milled | - | - | - | 5,016 |
| Au oz recovered | - | - | - | 9,966 |
| Ag oz recovered | - | - | - | 73,461 |
| Au eqv oz recovered | - | - | - | 11,516 |
| Total | ||||
| Tons milled | 5,027 | - | 43,364 | 35,916 |
| Au oz recovered | 359 | - | 23,485 | 40,037 |
| Ag oz recovered | 2,024 | - | 159,217 | 294,421 |
| Au eqv oz recovered | 389 | - | 26,185 | 44,706 |
The material from the high grade stock pile delivered to Queenstake Resources USA Inc. (Queenstake) in November 2009 was processed during Q3 2010 under the settlement agreement signed with Queenstake on June 14, 2010. In terms of the settlement agreement the parties share the metal proceeds and milling costs of $88 per ton. The 5,000 tons of material from the low grade stock pile delivered to Queenstake during 2007 was processed in Q4 2010 under the same agreement. This concluded the planned milling campaigns with Queenstake Jerrit Canyon mill.
|
52 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
The Company completed the ore purchase agreement with Newmont Mining Limited (Newmont) during Q3 2010. Once all materials delivered to Newmont were crushed and sampled, the final recovered metal ounces from this transaction amounted to 22,939 Au eqv oz.
The completion of the milling campaigns and the depletion of the stockpile that had accumulated since May 2009 allowed for a comprehensive reconciliation between contained and recovered metal in September 2010. The impact of rain and snow during this extended period of stock piling as well as using grab samples to estimate the contained metal in the stockpile create an inherent risk in achieving accurate estimates of metal on hand. The final milling campaign results showed some 12,000 Au eqv oz less being recovered than estimated from the available stock pile information in 2009. The risk of future losses is significantly mitigated now that all material are being processed through our Esmeralda mill resulting in an average of 14 days between extracting and processing the material which allows for a more diligent reconciliation process and confirmation of estimates used.
Financial Analysis
The tables below provide a summary of the key parameters and results of the recent financial analyses conducted on the Hollister Property. The proven and probable reserves that form the basis of the financial analysis have been determined in accordance with Canadian regulations under NI 43-101, which differ from the SECs standards for such classification. See discussion above under Cautionary Note to United States Investors.
Table 20: Economic Assumptions.
| Economic assumptions | January 2009 LOM estimates | January 2011 LOM estimates |
| Au Price | US$ 800/oz | US$ 1,000/oz |
| Ag Price | US$ 12/oz | US$ 15/oz |
| Grade Cut-off Au oz/t | 0.33 oz/t | 0.25 oz/t |
| Proven & Probable Reserves | 1.284 million tons @ 0.87 oz/st Au and 4.58 oz/st Ag |
1.048 million tons @ 0.79 oz/st Au and 4.75 oz/st Ag |
| 1.1 million oz Au | 0.8 million oz Au | |
| 5.9 million oz Ag | 4.9 million oz Ag | |
| 1.2 million Au equivalent oz | 0.9 million Au equivalent oz | |
| Percentage of measured & indicated resources used in financial model | 80% | 64% |
| Gold recovery | 90% | 92% |
| Silver recovery | 90% | 85% |
|
Note: |
For the February 2011 LOM estimates, gold equivalent was calculated using the following metals prices: US$1,000/oz for Au and US$15/oz for Ag. These prices are the January 2011 consensus metal prices from financial institutions that management has referenced against the industrial average. |
Source: 2011 Hollister Report
|
53 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
The January 2011 Mineral Reserves are, in the opinions of the authors of the February 2011 Hollister Report, a more robust assessment of the viability of the Hollister ore body. The most relevant factor leading to this conclusion resulted from a tighter in situ vein model for the June 2010 resource estimate, which also provided increased confidence in the measured and indicated mineral resources and classifications. This positively impacted on the modification of the resources to Proven and Probable reserves classification that have been incorporated into the revised financial modelling. An 85% Call Factor has also been applied to delivered ounces to allow for the variability in run-of-mine stockpile grade derived from the trial mining. The Call Factor compares the gold estimated in situ by the geologist with the amount of gold finally produced by the plant with allowance for losses to tailings. The factor is generally expressed as the ratio between the gold called for and the gold accounted for, as a percentage. Coupled with continuing empirical operating cost data derived from trial mining operations, the net outcome is that at a lower percentage of measured and indicated resources have been modified into Reserves for mine planning purposes than previously (2011 64% vs 2009 80%).
Table 21: Financial Analysis (After-Tax).
| January 2009 estimates | January 2011 estimates | |
| Cash Operating Costs | US$ 426 / Au equivalent oz | US$ 527 / Au equivalent oz |
| IRR | 41.20% | 67.30% |
| *NPV (5%) | US$ 129.6 M | US$ 236.1 M |
| *NPV (10%) | US$ 93.8 M | US$ 202.1 M |
| Payback | 5 years | 2 years |
| Mine life | 10 years | 9 years |
Note: January 2009 NPV includes historical capital spend.
Source: 2011 Hollister Report
A sensitivity analysis was conducted to understand the impact on IRR and NPV (5% discount factor applied) by varying the gold price from US$850 to US$1,400 per ounce. The $1,400 price is for illustration only and cannot be considered to be the consensus long-term gold price at this time.
Table 22: Sensitivity Analysis using different Au prices.
| Gold price (US$) | ||||
| $850 | $1,000 | $1,250 | $1,400 | |
| NPV (5%) | US$ 168.6 M | US$ 236.1 M | US$ 348.8 M | US$ 416.3 M |
| IRR | 40.89% | 67.29% | 123.90% | 168.27% |
Source: 2011 Hollister Report
Table 23: Capital Cost Estimates Hollister Property.
Mining capital cost (US$ million) |
January 2009 estimates (US$ million) |
January 2011 estimates (US$ million) |
| U/G Exploration & Development | 43 | 33 |
| Plant and infrastructure | 30 | 32 |
| Mining Equipment | 10 | 13 |
|
54 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Mining capital cost (US$ million) |
January 2009 estimates (US$ million) |
January 2011 estimates (US$ million) |
| Environmental impact study | - | 7 |
| Sub Total | 83 | 85 |
| LOM Capital | 27 | 41 |
| Total Project Capital | 110 | 126 |
| Capital spend up to December 31, 2008/ 2010 | 53 | 73 |
| Remaining capital to be spent over LOM | 57 | 53 |
Source: 2011 Hollister Report
The difference in the 2009 and 2011 capital cost estimates can be understood in part by applying an estimated industry-wide inflation rate of 10% per annum to the 2009 estimate. Underground exploration amounts are net of production revenue from trial mining activities.
The Esmeralda Mill has been refurbished as per the original project plan and subsequently been optimized to improve the throughput and recoveries of the high grade ore extracted at the Hollister project.
The Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) process commenced in mid 2009 and is expected to be completed by early 2012. It was originally anticipated that the Hollister Property will only require an environmental assessment; however, in December 2008, the Company was advised that it would have to prepare the more fulsome EIS.
Remaining capital expenditures required predominantly consists of life-of-mine (LOM) capital as well as the completion of the EIS (US$3.3 million), funding an expansion of the Esmeralda tailings dam (US$4.7 million) and, following the completion of the EIS, the construction of a power transmission line to the HDB (US$4 million).
Table 24: Cash Cost Estimates Hollister Property.
| January 2009 estimates for LOM costs (US$/oz) | January 2011 estimates for LOM costs (US$/oz) | |
| Mine costs | 185 | 177 |
| Development | 61 | 85 |
| Ore Transport | 60 | 75 |
| Milling | 50 | 107 |
| Royalties | 37 | 45 |
| Administration | 33 | 38 |
| Total | $426 | $527 |
Source: 2011 Hollister Report
Table 23 shows estimated cash costs per ounce which include direct and indirect development costs, engineering, environmental, safety, plant and site services, geology, general and administration, workers compensation, insurance, property tax, royalties, ore haulage, milling costs and contingencies in each section. Cash costs are a not a generally accepted accounting principles measurement and the calculation varies between issuers and so are not necessarily comparable.
|
55 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Applying an industry inflation rate of 10% per annum to the January 2009 estimates for LOM costs as well as adjusting for the increased royalty as a result of the increased metal prices used in this financial analysis, increases the January 2009 estimates for LOM cash costs to US$516 per ounce and explains much of the difference in the 2009 versus the 2011 estimate. Other explanations of the variance include:
for on-mine costs (including mine and development costs), improved cost management and improvements in mine design and mining techniques has had a positive impact on these costs.
the actual ore transport costs incurred approximate the original estimate of US$60 per ton. The per ounce cost increase is due to fewer tons being treated as well as higher expected road maintenance costs.
reduced mill throughput as a result of the high metal content as well as the increased operating costs associated with recovering the high metal content per ton resulted in an increase in milling costs above industry inflation for this cost element. Automation of some components of the plant is underway with a goal of improving efficiency and decreasing these costs.
Safety Watch List
On November 19, 2010, the Company was notified by letter from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) that MSHA had conducted a pattern of violation screening pursuant to Section 104(e) of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (the Mine Safety Act). The letter stated that MSHA has initially concluded that a potential pattern of violations exists at Hollister and set out a process by which Hollister could work with MSHA to avoid any further sanctions pursuant to that program.
MSHAs initial finding was based mostly on alleged violations, rather than violations which had been fully adjudicated. Many of the alleged violations that form the basis for MSHAs finding as well as the injury severity measure screening data used by MSHA, are being challenged by the Company. The Company is confident that it will prevail in the great majority of those challenges and believes, for that and other reasons, that it should be removed from the watch-list without the penalties of Section 104(e) of the Mine Safety Act being invoked.
Plans for fiscal 2011
The Company plans to continue its trial mining (ore removal and test-processing) activities at Hollister within the allowable ore tonnage authorizations of its existing permits, with all extracted material to be processed at the Esmeralda mill. A carbon regeneration system will be installed at the Esmeralda mill to enhance recoveries by preventing carbon fouling. The Nevada operations are targeted to produce an estimated 110,000 Au eqv oz in 2011 at a cash cost estimated to range between US$550 to US$600.
The Company is continuing with underground infill drilling with a view to bringing the current inferred mineral resources into the indicated or measured categories, as well as step-out drilling to further explore the potential for western, northwestern, down dip and Blanket zone extensions to the mineralized vein systems. The results of underground mapping and exploration drilling continue to refine the Companys understanding of the Hollister Property deposit, to the extent that additional mineralization continues to be identified within the mineralized vein systems.
The Company will also continue working on finalization of the EIS for Hollister by Q1 2012.
|
56 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Esmeralda Property
The long lead times required for permitting and high costs of constructing dedicated on-site processing and tailings storage facilities at the Hollister Property led to the Companys decision to consider third party milling arrangements to treat Hollister ore on a toll milling basis. The Company entered into toll treatment arrangements in 2009 and 2010 for a total of two bulk samples 39,370 tonnes or 43,105 short tons which were supplied to two different Carlin trend processing facilities (Midas and Jerritt Canyon).
Dissatisfaction with toll milling arrangements due to the high costs ultimately led to the Company purchasing the Esmeralda Mill for an offsite processing facility. The Company is now processing all run-of-mine mineralized material from the Hollister Property at the refurbished and upgraded Esmeralda Mill. A total of 93,128 tons has been treated at the Esmeralda Mill to date, of which 84,999 tons were treated in 2010. The final phase of operational optimization at the Esmeralda Mill is now underway.
The Esmeralda Mill is located approximately 467 km (290 miles) by road from the HDB, with approximately 80% of that distance travelled on paved interstate roads. The Companys transportation costs from the HDB to the Esmeralda Property have been approximately US$60 per ton, inclusive of road maintenance, which is based on its ore trucking experience to site since the Esmeralda Mill commenced milling in late 2009.
The Esmeralda Mill is now capable of processing 320 tpd (350 st/d) of mineralized material with average grades of up to 34.28 g/t (1.0 oz/st) of gold and 205.7 g/t (6.0 oz/st) of silver; and produce doré bars on site. The foregoing enhancements are being undertaken with a view to improving efficiencies and reducing operating costs.
Mining
A desktop study has been completed during the year to evaluate the exploration and mining potential of the Esmeralda property. The study involved the collection and review of the historical database, review of the permits and on-site rehabilitation of one of the declines to gain underground access to some of the historical stopes. It is expected that a recommendation to the Board will be made at an appropriate time once the mill is operating at steady state and an accurate determination of excess capacity in the mill can be made.
Geology
Structural control is the most important factor in the localization of deposits in the Esmeralda district. There is a close spatial relationship between deposits (veins) and the north-south faults. Nearly all production of gold-rich ores came from mines located within 500 ft (152 m) of faults of this system. A property-wide geological assessment has indicated the presence of significant untested down-faulted epithermal vein targets immediately east of previous opencast and underground operations.
Significant drill targets occur in the covered and/or undrilled area between the Humboldt and Ann Pits and east of the Martinez area.
|
57 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Plans for fiscal 2011
Final optimization of the Esmeralda Mill involves:
installing acid wash and carbon regeneration as the necessary permit has been granted;
optimizing the plant operation through operational experience; and
evaluating additional processing options such as upfront gravity recovery.
Pending approval by the Board of Directors of the results of a review of the Esmeralda property, an exploration and mining plan for the property will be developed.
Mozambique
The Company holds an 80% interest in an unincorporated joint venture with G S Minase Refnaria Limitade (GSR) in Mozambique. The purpose of the joint venture is to establish a gold exploration and mining business in Mozambique, whereby the Company will have the exclusive right to explore all GSRs properties.
GSR currently owns the 17 square kilometer Tsetsera Property. The property was worked historically by artisanal miners, who crushed quartz vein material and panned gold from the fines. The artisanal miners have exposed over 985 feet (300 meters) strike length of quartz veins, 5 to 60 cm in width, within a phyllite (strongly metamorphosed sediments).
An initial soil sampling and ground geophysics program was completed on the property during 2008. A shear corridor in excess of 8,200 feet (2,500 meters) in strike and 1,310 feet (400 meters) in width has been identified for follow-up investigation. Although the project was placed on care and maintenance during 2009, a decision has since been made to continue with the joint venture.
Tanzania
In Tanzania, exploration programs are being conducted in two separate geological terrains, namely the Archean (2.7 -3.3 billion years old Ga), greenstone-hosted, Lake Victoria Goldfields (north-west) and the Proterozoic (2.2 -1.6 Ga) Lupa Goldfields (south-west). The Company also manages a joint venture with African Barrick in the Geita Belt of the Lake Victoria Goldfields.
The acquisition agreement entered into in 2008 provided for additional Great Basin Gold shares to be issued in the first three years from closing, contingent upon gold discoveries above a threshold of 500,000 ounces in size being made on certain mineral prospects held. In the event of such discoveries, the Company would issue shares valued at the higher of closing price on date of acquisition ($3.30) or then-prevailing market price to the former owners on the basis of valuing these gold ounces at US$15/oz for inferred resources and US$40/oz for measured and indicated resources (subject to a minimum average cut-off grade of 1.5 grams per tonne or 0.04 oz per ton).
The Company also agreed to spend a minimum of $15 million and up to a maximum of $27 million in terms of the agreement to explore the acquired properties during the first three years from closing of the transaction on April 1, 2008. The increased expenditure would also be contingent upon gold discoveries above a threshold of 500,000 ounces in size being made on certain mineral prospects.
|
58 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
In connection with this contingent payment requirement, the Company issued 3,073,773 shares in January 2010 with a total value of $5.5 million. During May 2010, the terms of the remaining liability were amended and settled in full through the issuance of 7.5 million shares in June 2010, thus eliminating any further discovery-contingent common share issuance requirements as well as eliminating the mandatory exploration expenditure timetable. The Company now holds all the prospects outright without further obligations in terms of the acquisition agreement.
There remains a considerable amount of preliminary exploration work still to be completed on these properties. A number of permits are held that extend over significant strike extents of prospective structures, and which still require systematic exploration and potentially follow-up drilling. This process could ultimately allow a sizeable reduction of area of permits held.
An initial target prioritization exercise has been completed, and this work continues to be supported with desk-top structural studies of airborne magnetic data and integration of gravity, geochemical and drilling data. The Imweru prospect (Geita West) remains a key follow-up target, with extensive drilling required to fully evaluate the 9 kilometer long shear corridor. Subject to orientation studies, Mobile Metals and Iron (MMI) geochemical surveys are planned on a number of covered structural targets. The Lupa Goldfield has also provided a number of follow-up targets, and work is progressing to seek a balanced prioritization with drilling and trenching programs to augment infill geochemical surveys.
East Russia (Kurils Islands)
In addition, the Company owns mineral rights on the island of Kurils (eastern Russia) where an initial phase of diamond drilling was done in 2008, aimed at establishing indicated mineral resources in the main project area.
The Kurils Project in Russia still requires a significant amount of phased exploration programs in order to generate a significant mineral resource base. The Company plans to dispose of this property.
Risk Factors
There are a number of risks that may have a material and adverse impact on the future operating and financial performance of Great Basin Gold and could cause the Companys operating and financial performance to differ materially from the estimates described in forward-looking statements relating to the Company. These include widespread risks associated with any form of business and specific risks associated with Great Basin Golds business and its involvement in the gold exploration and development industry.
An investment in the securities of Great Basin Gold is considered speculative and involves a high degree of risk due to, among other things, the nature of Great basin Golds business and the present stage of its development. A prospective investor should carefully consider the risk factors set out below along with the other matters set out or incorporated by reference in this AIF. The operations of the Company are speculative due to the high risk nature of its business which is the operation, exploration and development of mineral properties. The Company has identified the following non-exhaustive list of inherent risks and uncertainties that it considers to be relevant to its operations and business plans. In addition to information set out elsewhere in this AIF and contained in the Companys annual report on Form 40-F, for the financial year ended December 31, 2010, which is incorporated by reference into this AIF, investors should carefully consider the following risk factors. Such risk factors could materially affect the Companys future operating results and could cause actual events to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements relating to the Company.
|
59 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
A summary of the principal risks we face are as follows:
the value of our reserves and the outlook for profitable mining from our operations is dependent on continuing strong gold prices. Gold prices are historically volatile and can be subject to long periods of depressed prices;
the estimates of mineral resources is a subjective process, the accuracy of which is a function of the quantity and quality of available data and the assumptions made and judgments used in the engineering and geological interpretation of that data and such assumptions and judgment may prove unreliable or mistaken. Reserves may be subject to revision based on various factors some which are beyond our control. There is no certainty we will ultimately be able classify all our mineral resources as mineable reserves under SEC rules;
our Nevada operations are trial mining only and are subject to current and potential permit restrictions which could hinder or ultimately prevent full production mining at the Hollister Property. Failure or delay to successfully complete a required environmental impact statement will delay or preclude the move into full production mining at Hollister Property; and
our operations in South Africa are subject to political risk and the mining laws of post-apartheid South Africa are still evolving with tenure rights which have not been extensively tested in the courts or are not yet fully settled, meaning that our ability to retain prospecting and mining rights may be subject to unexpected changes or conditions.
General Discussion of Risks
There is no assurance that our Hollister Property mineral resources will ever be classified as reserves under the disclosure standards of the SEC and the Burnstone Property mineral reserves may differ under SEC standards.
The mineralized material at our Hollister Property is currently classified as a measured and indicated resource, and a portion of it qualifies under Canadian mining disclosure standards as a proven and probable reserve, but no part of the Hollister Property's mineralization is yet considered to be a reserve under United States mining standards, because among other considerations, all necessary mining permits would be required to be on hand or issuance imminent in order to classify the projects mineralized material as an economically exploitable reserve. The proven and probable reserves at our Burnstone Property may be calculated differently under SEC standards for reserves than the manner in which we calculate them under Canadian disclosure standards. Canadian standards differ significantly from the requirements of the SEC, and mineral resource information contained herein is not comparable to similar information regarding mineral resources, especially reserves, which is disclosed in accordance with the requirements of the SEC.
The exploration for and development of mineral deposits involves significant risks
Mineral resource exploration is a speculative business and involves a high degree of risk. We have completed feasibility study work which outlines mineral reserves at both the Burnstone Property and the Hollister Property under NI 43-101. The exploration for and development of mineral deposits involves significant risks, which even a combination of careful evaluation, experience and knowledge may not eliminate. Although the discovery of an ore body may result in substantial rewards, few explored properties are ultimately developed into producing mines. Significant expenditures may be required to locate and establish ore reserves, to develop metallurgical processes and to construct mining and processing facilities at a particular site. It is impossible to ensure that the current exploration programs planned by us will result in a profitable commercial mining operation. Significant capital investment is required to achieve commercial production from successful exploration efforts.
|
60 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
The commercial viability of a mineral deposit is dependent upon a number of factors. These include deposit attributes such as size, grade and proximity to infrastructure, current and future metal prices (which can be cyclical), and government regulations, including those relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use, importing and exporting of minerals and necessary supplies and environmental protection. The complete effect of these factors, either alone or in combination, cannot be entirely predicted, and their impact may result in us not receiving an adequate return on invested capital.
The figures for mineral reserves and resources included herein are estimates and no assurance can be given that the anticipated tonnages and grades will be achieved or that the indicated level of recovery will be realized. Market fluctuations and the prices of metals may render resources uneconomic. Moreover, short-term operating factors relating to the mineral deposits, such as the need for orderly development of the deposits or the processing of new or different grades of ore, may cause a mining operation to be unprofitable in any particular accounting period. In addition, we may not be able to secure drilling contractors, rigs and personnel during our desired time periods and at our expected costs.
The estimates of mineral resources is a subjective process, the accuracy of which is a function of the quantity and quality of available data and the assumptions made and judgment used in the engineering and geological interpretation, which may prove un-reliable, and may be subject to revision based on various factors.
No history of mining operations or profitability
The Companys properties are in the trial mining and initial commencement of commercial production stages. As a result, Great Basin Gold is subject to all of the risks associated with establishing new mining operations including: the timing and cost, which can be considerable, of the construction of mining and processing facilities; the availability and costs of skilled labour and mining equipment; the availability and costs of appropriate smelting and/or refining arrangements; the need to obtain necessary environmental and other governmental approvals and permits, and the timing of those approvals and permits; and, the availability of funds to finance construction and development activities. It is common in new mining operations to experience unexpected problems and delays during construction, development, and mine start-up. Such operations are subject to all the hazards and risks normally encountered in the exploration for, and development and production of gold and other precious or base metals, including unusual and unexpected geologic formations, seismic activity, rock bursts, fires, cave-ins, flooding and other conditions involved in the drilling and removal of material as well as industrial accidents, labour force disruptions, fall of ground accidents in underground operations, and force majeure factors, any of which could result in damage to, or destruction of, mines and other producing facilities, damage to person or property, environmental damage, delays, increased production costs, monetary losses and possible legal liability. Milling operations are subject to hazards such as equipment failure or failure of retaining dams around tailings disposal areas, which may result in environmental pollution and consequent liability. In addition, delays in the commencement of mineral production often occur. Accordingly, there are no assurances that the Companys activities will result in profitable mining operations or that the Company will successfully establish mining operations or profitably produce metals at any of its properties.
|
61 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Uncertainty of acquiring additional mineral rights
There is no assurance that any anticipated level of recovery of gold reserves will be realized or will ever qualify as commercially mineable (or viable) ore body which can be legally and economically exploited. Estimates of reserves, resources, mineral deposits and production costs can also be affected by such factors as environmental permitting regulations and requirements, weather, environmental factors, unforeseen technical difficulties, unusual or unexpected geological formations and work interruptions. Material changes in ore reserves, grades, stripping ratios or recovery rates may affect the economic viability of any project.
The Companys future growth and productivity will depend, in part, on its ability to identify and acquire additional commercially mineable mineral rights, and on the costs and results of continued exploration and development programs. Mineral exploration is highly speculative in nature and is frequently non-productive. Substantial expenditures are required to: establish ore reserves through drilling and metallurgical and other testing techniques; determine metal content and metallurgical recovery processes to extract metal from the ore; and construct, renovate or expand mining and processing facilities. In addition, if the Company discovers ore, it would take several years from the initial phases of exploration until production is possible. During this time, the economic feasibility of production may change. There can be no assurance that the Company will in future successfully acquire additional commercially mineable (or viable) mineral rights.
Government regulation
Great basin Golds mineral exploration and planned development activities are subject to various laws governing prospecting, mining, development, production, taxes, labour standards and occupational health, mine, safety, toxic substances, land use, water use, land claims of local people and other matters. Although Great basin Golds exploration and development activities are currently carried out in accordance with all applicable rules and regulations, no assurance can be given that new rules and regulations will not be enacted or that existing rules and regulations will not be applied in a manner which could limit or curtail development.
Many of Great Basin Golds mineral rights and interests are subject to government approvals, licenses and permits. Such approvals, licenses and permits for the Burnstone Property are, as a practical matter, subject to the discretion of the South African government. No assurance can be given that Great Basin Gold will be successful in maintaining any or all of the various approvals, licenses and permits in full force and effect without modification or revocation. To the extent such approvals are not maintained, Great Basin Gold may be delayed, curtailed or prohibited from continuing or proceeding with planned exploration or development of mineral properties.
Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and permitting requirements may result in enforcement actions thereunder, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing operations to cease or be delayed or curtailed, and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment, or remedial actions. Parties engaged in the exploration or development of mineral properties may be required to compensate those suffering loss or damage by reason of the activities and may have civil or criminal fines or penalties imposed for violations of applicable laws or regulations.
New laws and regulations or amendments to current laws and regulations governing operations or more stringent implementation thereof could have a substantial adverse impact on Great Basin Gold and cause increases in exploration expenses, capital expenditures or require abandonment or delays in development of mineral interests.
|
62 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
A substantial or extended decline in gold prices would have a material adverse effect on our business
Our business is dependent on the price of gold, which is affected by numerous factors beyond our control. Factors tending to put downward pressure on the price of gold include:
sales or leasing of gold by governments and central banks;
strengthening of the US dollar;
global or regional recession or reduced economic activity;
speculative trading;
decreased demand for industrial uses, use in jewellery or investment;
high supply of gold from production, disinvestment and scrap;
interest rates;
sales by gold producers in forward transactions and other hedging;
the production and cost levels for gold in major gold-producing nations; and
the cost level (in local currencies) for gold in major consuming nations.
Any substantial drop in the price of gold would adversely impact our future revenues, profits and cash flows. In addition, sustained low gold prices can:
reduce revenues further by production cutbacks due to cessation of the mining of deposits or portions of deposits that have become uneconomic at the then-prevailing gold price;
halt or delay the development of new projects; and
reduce funds available for exploration, with the result that depleted minerals are not replaced.
If gold prices were to decline significantly for an extended period of time, we might be unable to continue with the exploration and development of our properties or fulfill our obligations under our agreements or under our permits or licenses. As a result, we could lose our interest in or be forced to sell some of our properties.
Although we have no reason to believe that the existence and extent of any of our properties is in doubt, title to mining properties is often subject to potential claims by third parties claiming an interest in them
Our mineral properties may be subject to previous unregistered agreements or transfers, and title may be affected by undetected defects or changes in mineral tenure laws. Our mineral interests consist of mineral claims, prospecting rights and new order mining right, some of which have not been surveyed, and therefore the precise area and location of such claims or rights may be in doubt. The failure to comply with all applicable laws and regulations, including the failure to pay taxes, complete filings and other necessary applications or to carry out and file assessment work, may invalidate title to portions of the properties where our mineral rights are held.
We may not be able to obtain insurance for many of the risks that we face
In the course of exploration, development and production of mineral properties, a variety of risks and, in particular, unexpected or unusual geological or operating conditions, may occur. It is not possible to fully insure against many of the risks, and we may decide not to take out insurance against such risks as a result of high premiums or other reasons. Should such liabilities arise, they could reduce or eliminate any future profitability and result in an increase in costs and a decline in the value of our securities.
|
63 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
We are not insured against all environmental risks. Insurance against environmental risks (including potential liability for hazards as a result of the disposal of waste products resulting from exploration and production) is not generally available to companies in the mineral exploration and mining industry. Management periodically evaluates the cost and coverage of the insurance that is available against certain environmental risks to determine if it would be appropriate to obtain such insurance. Without such insurance, and if we become subject to environmental liabilities, the payment of such liabilities would reduce or eliminate our available funds or could exceed the funds we have to pay such liabilities and result in bankruptcy. Should we be unable to fund fully the remedial cost of an environmental problem, we might be required to enter into interim compliance measures pending completion of the required remedy.
Risks More Specifically Relating to the Hollister Property
Risks associated with the 2011 Hollister Report
The following are the principal risk factors and uncertainties which, in managements opinion, are likely to most directly affect the ultimate feasibility of the Hollister Property. The mineralized material at the Hollister Property is currently classified as a measured and indicated resource and a portion qualifies as proven and probable reserves under NI 43-101. Although final feasibility work has been done to confirm the mine design, mining methods and processing methods, construction and operation of the mine and processing facilities depend on securing environmental and other permits on a timely basis. Although costs, including design, procurement, construction and on-going operating costs and metal recoveries have been established at a level of detail required for a feasibility study, final costs could be materially different from those contained in the 2011 Hollister Report. There can be no assurance that infrastructure facilities can be developed on a timely and cost-effective basis. Energy risks include the potential for significant increases in the cost of fuel and electricity. Operating costs of the Esmeralda Mill are estimated not to exceed US$60 per ton, based on the advice of its previous owners, which the Company believes to be a reasonable number. The Companys initial experience has not led it to believe the actual number would be materially different from this estimate.
Risks associated with the Environmental Impact Statement
The Company is required to prepare an environmental impact statement as part of its mining permitting application at the Hollister Property. Preparing the EIS is an in-depth and involved process and as a consequence, there is great uncertainty in respect of timing and requirements to successfully complete an EIS. Failure or delay to get an EIS could materially hinder, delay or preclude the Company moving into production at the Hollister Property.
Permit restriction on production
At the Hollister Property, test mining and bulk sampling commenced during 2008. The permitted production and processing offsite of ore at the Hollister Property is currently limited to 275,000 tons of ore per year in accordance with recent permitting received December 24, 2008. If the Company fails to obtain and/or maintain in good standing the necessary permits or exceeds the production restrictions on its current permitting, its trial mining and planned development activities could cease or be delayed.
We could incur substantial costs due to the environmental impact of our mining operations
The Companys activities at the Hollister Property are subject to extensive federal, state and local laws and regulations governing environmental protection. We must obtain governmental permits and provide associated financial assurances to carry on certain activities. We are also subject to various reclamation-related conditions imposed under federal or state air, water quality and mine reclamation rules and permits.
|
64 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Failure to comply with the appropriate environmental laws can lead to injunctions, damages, suspension or revocation of permits and the imposition of penalties. There can be no assurance that the Company has been or will at all times be in complete compliance with such laws or permits or that the cost of complying with current and future environmental laws and permits will not materially adversely affect our future cash flow and results of operations.
Risks More Specifically Relating to South Africa and the Burnstone Property
General
A substantial part of our properties and operations are located in South Africa and are exposed to the political and economic risks relating to South Africa. These risks may include political and economic uncertainty and related currency fluctuations.
We are subject to exchange control regulations that may affect our ability to borrow funds and guarantee obligations of our subsidiary
South African law provides for exchange control regulations which restrict the export of capital by residents from the common monetary area, which includes South Africa. These regulations apply to transactions involving South African residents, including both natural persons and legal entities. These regulations also affect our ability to borrow funds from non-South African sources for use in South Africa and to repay these borrowings from South Africa and, in some cases, our ability to guarantee the obligations of subsidiaries with regard to these borrowings. Although the government has expressed an intention to gradually relax exchange control regulations with a view to ultimately eliminating exchange controls, there is no certainty that exchange control regulations will be reduced or eliminated.
Changes in mining legislation could adversely affect our operations
Our business could be adversely affected by changes in government regulations relating to exploration, mining and the environment. In South Africa, in order to maintain security of tenure of our mineral properties, we are obliged to comply with the MPRDA, the associated regulations and the socio-economic scorecard. As a result of this new legislation, the South African government exercises control over the granting of prospecting and mining rights, beneficiation, mineral exports and taxation. Applications for prospecting and mining rights are required to demonstrate their eligibility based on their compliance with a number of BEE criteria. These include factors such as ownership, employment equity, human resources development and procurement policy.
Retention of prospecting and mining rights cannot be guaranteed
In South Africa, although we have successfully converted all of our old prospecting rights to new order prospecting rights, and obtained our mining right (effective February 17, 2009), new order prospecting or mining rights may be suspended or cancelled where the DMR, having followed the requisite procedures under the MPRDA, determines that the holder is in breach of the provisions of the MPRDA or the terms under which such new order prospecting or mining rights were granted. Similarly, rights could be suspended under related legislation in respect of health and safety and the environment, including where the mineral is not mined optimally in accordance with the relevant work programme. The MPRDA has also significantly increased the potential penalties and restrictive provisions relating to environmental management, environmental damage or pollution resulting from prospecting or mining activities.
|
65 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Non-compliance with black economic empowerment (BEE) legislation and policies could affect our ability to retain or secure mining rights
In South Africa, we are required to comply with local procurement, employment equity, ownership and other regulations which are designed to redress historical social and economic inequalities and ensure socioeconomic stability. We embrace and will participate in initiatives intended to redress historical social and economic inequalities. We consider these initiatives to be a strategic imperative and we recognize the risk of not pursuing them vigorously or of them not succeeding.
In October 2002, the government and representatives of South African mining companies and mineworkers unions reached broad agreement on the Mining Charter, designed to facilitate the participation of HDSAs in the countrys mining industry. Non-compliance with the provisions of the Mining Charter (as amended in September 2010) could lead to loss of mining and related rights.
The Mining Charters stated objectives include the:
expansion of opportunities for persons disadvantaged by unfair discrimination under the previous political dispensation;
expansion of the skills base of such persons;
promotion of employment and advancement of the social and economic welfare of mining communities; and
promotion of beneficiation within South Africa.
The Mining Charter requires mining companies to ensure that HDSAs hold at least 15% ownership of mining assets or equity in South Africa within five years and 26% ownership within 10 years from the effective date of the MPRDA. The Mining Charter further specifies that the mining industry is required to assist HDSAs in securing financing to fund their equity participation up to an amount of ZAR100 billion within the first five years after the implementation of the MPRDA. Beyond this ZAR100 billion commitment, the Mining Charter requires that participation of HDSAs should be increased towards the 26% target on a willing buyer willing seller basis.
We are presently in compliance with the Mining Charter (as amended) and BEE requirements, but we cannot be certain that we will continue to be in compliance with the BEE requirements, which theoretically can be changed by legislative acts of the South African government at any time. Other future events or circumstances could result in our non-compliance if, for example, our BEE partner disposes of a sufficient number of the approximately 19.94 million of our shares purchased by it, or if our BEE partner is diluted out of or otherwise loses its interest in such shares. Failure to comply with these requirements may adversely affect our mining operations in South Africa and our financial condition.
We could incur substantial costs due to the environmental impact of our mining operations
Our operations are subject to South African environmental legislation and regulations, specifically the MPRDA and the National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (NEMA). Of these, the provisions of NEMA are particularly far-reaching, especially s.28 thereof, which states that every person who causes, has caused or may cause significant pollution or degradation of the environment must take reasonable steps to prevent such pollution or degradation from occurring, continuing or recurring, or in so far as such harm to the environment is authorised by law or cannot reasonably be avoided or stopped, to minimise and rectify such pollution or degradation of the environment. Some have speculated that Section 28 of NEMA may have introduced the principle of strict liability with respect to the causation of environmental impacts. The reach of the relevant provisions of NEMA, however, are still to be interpreted by the South African courts.
|
66 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Under the MPRDA, companies that undertake mining activities must make financial provision for rehabilitation liabilities to the satisfaction of the DMR, and directors of companies may be held jointly and severally liable for any unacceptable negative impact on the environment, including damages caused by the company which they represent.
Under the National Water Act, 1998, the owner of land and controllers or occupiers of land on which any activity or process is or was performed or undertaken or on which any situation exists that causes, has caused or is likely to cause the pollution of a water resource, must take all reasonable measures to prevent such pollution from occurring, continuing or recurring.
The Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism and the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry may issue administrative directives to enforce the provisions of NEMA and the National Water Act to take specific anti-pollution measures, continue with those measures and/or to complete those measures.
Operations in South Africa are subject to risks including higher HIV/AIDS rates than those prevailing in North American and European jurisdictions
We are subject to the risks normally associated with the conduct of business in foreign countries. The occurrence of one or more of these risks could have a material and adverse effect on the viability of our affected foreign operations which in turn could have a material and adverse affect on our future cash flows, earnings, results of operations and financial condition.
Risks may include, among others, labour disputes, delays or invalidation of governmental orders and permits, corruption, uncertain political and economic environments, civil disturbances and terrorist actions, arbitrary changes in laws or policies, foreign taxation and exchange controls, opposition to mining from environmental or other non-governmental organizations or changes in the political attitude towards mining, limitations of foreign ownership, limitations on the repatriation of earnings, infrastructure limitations and increased financing costs. HIV/AIDS is also prevalent in South Africa. Some of our employees may have or could contract this potentially deadly virus. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS could cause lost employee man-hours and may make finding skilled labour more difficult. These risks may limit or disrupt our exploration activities or development of future mining operations, restrict the movement of funds, or result in expropriation without fair compensation.
The impact of the South African Royalty Act
The Royalty Act, which provides that a royalty will be payable to the South African government for gold production at a percentage of revenues from the gross sale of refined gold came into operation on March 1, 2010. Although management has estimated the royalty payable on the Burnstone Property to be 4% of gross sales of refined gold, there is no certainty that it would not be higher.
|
67 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Actual infrastructure costs may increase from those reported in the 2011 Burnstone Report
Although costs, including design, procurement, construction and on-going operating costs and metal recoveries, have been established at a level of detail required for a feasibility study, these could be materially different from those contained in the 2011 Burnstone Report. There can be no assurance that these infrastructure facilities can be developed on a timely and cost-effective basis. Energy risks include the potential for significant increases in the cost of fuel and electricity.
Risks Relating to Financial Matters
The Company may be unable to repay its Indebtedness
The Company undertook a secured Note Financing in December 2008 and secured debt facilities with Credit Suisse in 2010 and plans to do a second facility in 2011. These debts are secured against the Companys subsidiaries assets. The Company also issued unsecured debentures in 2009. Should the Company be unable to repay these loans when due, the Company could face legal action by debt holders who can realize on the Companys assets, resulting in a seizure and sale with loss to the Company. The Companys unsecured indebtedness must be repaid if not converted into common share equity failing which the debenture holders may obtain judgments and ultimately realize against the Companys assets if the Company defaults in respect of the debenture obligations.
Change in accounting or financial reporting standards may adversely impact our financial performance
Changes in accounting or financial reporting standards may adversely impact the financial performance reported by us in the future. We currently report our financial performance in Canadian GAAP. The Canadian Accounting Standards Board announced that international financial reporting standards (IFRS) will become applicable to Canadian public entities for financial years beginning on or after January 1, 2011. Our first period of IFRS reporting will be for the quarter ending March 31, 2011. We have started the transition process from Canadian GAAP to IFRS and are in the process of assessing and evaluating the potential impact of our transition to IFRS.
Based on our review to date, we anticipate that there may be material differences in accounting treatment between Canadian GAAP and IFRS. For further information on our changeover plan and on the material differences in accounting treatment, see our most recent annual MD&A.
Risks Related to Common Shares
Further equity financing may substantially dilute the interests of our shareholders
We may require additional funds to fund our exploration and development programs and potential acquisitions. If we raise additional funding by issuing additional equity securities, such financing may substantially dilute the interests of our shareholders.
Our common shares may experience price and volume volatility
In recent years, the securities markets have experienced a high level of price and volume volatility, and the market price of securities of many companies has experienced wide fluctuations, which have not necessarily been related to the operating performance, underlying asset values or prospects of such companies. There can be no assurance that such fluctuations will not affect the price of our securities, and the price may decline below their acquisition cost. As a result of this volatility, you may not be able to sell your securities at or above their acquisition cost.
|
68 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Securities of mining companies have experienced substantial volatility in the past, often based on factors unrelated to the financial performance or prospects of the companies involved. These factors include macroeconomic developments in the countries where we carry on business and globally, and market perceptions of the attractiveness of particular industries. The price of securities of the Company is also likely to be significantly affected by short-term changes in commodity prices, other precious metal prices or other mineral prices, currency exchange fluctuation and the political environment in the countries in which we do business and globally.
In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a companys securities, shareholders have often instituted class action securities litigation against those companies. Such litigation, if instituted, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management attention and resources, which could significantly harm our profitability and reputation.
We have a history of losses
We and our predecessor companies have 15+ year history of losses, and there can be no assurance that we will ever be profitable. We anticipate that we will retain future earnings and other cash resources for the future operation and development of our business. We have not paid dividends since incorporation, and we do not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future. Payment of any future dividends is at the discretion of our board of directors after taking into account many factors including our operating results, financial condition and anticipated cash needs.
A number of existing agreements provide for additional issuances of shares that would result in dilution to shareholders
We may issue additional common shares or securities convertible into common shares in the future pursuant to a number of existing agreements and further issuances due to anti-dilution provisions in existing agreements.
Sales of substantial amounts of our securities may have an adverse effect on the market price of our securities
Sales of substantial amounts of our securities, or the availability of such securities for sale, could adversely affect the prevailing market prices for our securities. A decline in the market prices of our securities could impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of securities should we desire to do so.
We follow corporate governance requirements of Canadian corporate and securities laws
Non-Canadian residents holding our common shares should be aware that we follow the corporate governance requirements of applicable Canadian corporate and securities laws which may differ from corporate governance requirements under laws applicable in their place of residence. Accordingly, we do not comply with NAE corporate governance requirements under an exemption in the NAE rules that permits us to follow Canadian governance requirements except for the US requirements relating to the independence of the Audit Committee.
|
69 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Risks relating to Global Economy
Market events and conditions in 2008 and 2009, including disruptions in the international credit markets and other financial systems and the deterioration of global economic conditions, could impede the Companys access to capital or increase its cost of capital. Since 2007, the U.S. credit markets experienced serious disruption due to a deterioration in residential property values, defaults and delinquencies in the residential mortgage market and a decline in the value and credit quality of mortgage-backed securities. Other adverse events include delinquencies in non-mortgage consumer credit and a general decline in consumer confidence. These conditions worsened in 2008 and continued thereafter, contributing to reduced confidence in credit and financial markets around the world and the collapse of, and governmental intervention in, major financial institutions. Asset price volatility and solvency concerns have increased, and there has been less liquidity, a widening of credit spreads, a lack of price transparency, increased credit losses and tighter credit conditions. Notwithstanding various government actions, concerns about the general condition of the capital markets, financial instruments and financial institutions persist, and stock markets have declined substantially.
Risks Relating to our Business and Operations
We cannot provide any assurances that we will be issued the necessary exploration and mining permits and licenses, or if issued that they will be renewed or that we can comply with the conditions imposed
Mineral resources are typically owned by their respective governments, and mineral exploration and mining activities may only be conducted by entities that have obtained or renewed exploration or mining permits and licenses in accordance with the relevant mining laws and regulations. No guarantee can be given that the necessary exploration and mining permits and licenses will be issued to us or, if they are issued, that they will be renewed, or that we will be in a position to comply with all conditions that are imposed.
Nearly all mining projects require government approval. There can be no certainty that these approvals will be granted to us in a timely manner, or at all.
Exploration and development projects are uncertain and consequently it is possible that actual cash operating costs and economic return will differ significantly from those estimated for a project prior to production
Mineral resource exploration and development is a highly speculative business, characterized by a number of significant risks including, among other things, unprofitable efforts resulting not only from the failure to discover mineral deposits but also from finding mineral deposits that, though present, are insufficient in quantity and quality to return a profit from production.
Development projects are subject to the completion of successful feasibility studies and environmental assessments, issuance of necessary governmental permits and receipt of adequate financing. They typically require a number of years and significant expenditures during the development phase before production is possible. The economic feasibility of development projects is based on many factors such as:
estimation of reserves;
anticipated metallurgical recoveries;
environmental considerations and permitting;
future gold prices; and
|
70 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Our projects have no operating history upon which to base estimates of future cash operating costs.
Estimates of mineral resources and reserves and cash operating costs are, to a large extent, based upon the interpretation of geologic data obtained from drill holes and other sampling techniques, and feasibility studies which derive estimates of cash operating costs based upon anticipated tonnage and grades of ore to be mined and processed, the configuration of the ore body, expected recovery rates of metals from the ore, estimated operating costs, anticipated climatic conditions and other factors. As a result, it is possible that actual cash operating costs and economic returns will differ significantly from those currently estimated for a project prior to production.
Any of the following events, among others, could affect the profitability or economic feasibility of a project:
unanticipated changes in grade and tonnage of ore to be mined and processed;
unanticipated adverse geotechnical conditions;
incorrect data on which engineering assumptions are made;
costs of constructing and operating a mine in a specific environment;
availability and costs of processing and refining facilities;
availability of economic sources of power;
adequacy of water supply;
adequate access to the site, including competing land uses (such as agriculture);
unanticipated transportation costs;
government regulations (including regulations regarding prices, royalties, duties, taxes, permitting, restrictions on production, quotas on exportation of minerals, as well as the costs of protection of the environment and agricultural lands);
title claims, including aboriginal land claims;
fluctuations in prices of precious metals; and
accidents, labour actions and force majeure events.
It is not unusual in new mining operations to experience unexpected problems during the start-up phase, and delays often can occur in the commencement of production.
|
71 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
We cannot provide assurance that we have been or will be at all time in complete compliance with environmental, health and safety laws or that the cost of complying with current and future environmental, health and safety laws will not materially adversely affect our future cash flow, results of operations and financial condition
Our activities are subject to extensive federal, state and local laws and regulations governing environmental protection and employee health and safety. We must obtain governmental permits and provide associated financial assurance to carry on certain activities. We are also subject to various reclamation-related conditions imposed under federal or state air, water quality and mine reclamation rules and permits.
Failure to comply with applicable environmental, health and safety laws can result in injunctions, damages, suspension or revocation of permits and imposition of penalties. There can be no assurance that we have been or will be at all time in complete compliance with such laws or permits or that the costs of complying with current and future environmental, health and safety laws and permits will not materially adversely affect our future cash flow, results of operations and financial condition. For example, see Description of the Companys Two Principal Mineral Projects Hollister Property, Nevada and its Hollister Development Block Safety Watch List.
We compete with other companies with greater financial resources
We operate in a competitive industry and compete with other more well established companies which have greater financial resources than we do. We face strong competition from other mining companies in connection with exploration and the acquisition of properties producing, or capable of producing, base and precious metals. Many of these companies have greater financial resources, operational experience and technical capabilities than us. As a result of this competition, we may be unable to maintain or acquire attractive mining properties on terms we consider acceptable or at all. Consequently, our revenues, operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
We are subject to litigation risks
All industries, including the mining industry, are subject to legal claims, with and without merit. We have in the past and may from time to time be involved in various routine legal proceedings although no such proceedings are currently ongoing. Further, defence and settlement costs can be substantial, even with respect to claims that have no merit. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the litigation process, there can be no assurance that the resolution of any particular legal matter will not have material adverse effects on the Companys future cash flow, results of operations or financial condition.
In recent years, communities and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have become more vocal and active with respect to mining activities at or near their communities. These parties may take actions such as road blockades, applications for injunctions seeking work stoppage and lawsuits for damages. These actions can relate not only to current activities but also in respect of decades old mining activities by prior owners of subject mining properties.
We are subject to fluctuations in currency exchange rates which could adversely affect our financial position and the results of our operations
We conduct business in currencies other than Canadian dollars. We maintain most of our working capital in Canadian dollars or Canadian dollar-denominated securities and convert our Canadian funds to foreign currencies, predominantly United States dollars and South African Rand as certain payment obligations become due. Accordingly, we are subject to fluctuations in the rates of currency exchange between the Canadian dollar and these foreign currencies, and these fluctuations could materially affect our financial position and results of operations.
|
72 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Our future revenues derived from gold sales will be in United States dollars. Of particular significance is the fact that our operations in South Africa, including costs relating to construction, services and materials, are almost entirely paid for in South African Rand. Strength in the South African Rand against the United States dollar, however, will negatively impact the potential profitability of our mining operations in South Africa. The South African Rand and United States dollar exchange rate has fluctuated significantly over the last few years.
If we fail to hire and retain our key personnel, it may have an adverse effect on our operations
We depend on a number of key personnel, the loss of any one of whom could have an adverse effect on our operations.
Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train new employees. We cannot assure that we will be successful in attracting and retraining skilled and experienced personnel.
The Company may fail to achieve and maintain the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting as per the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
The Company documented and tested during its most recent fiscal year, its internal control procedures in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). SOX requires an annual assessment by management and an independent assessment by the Companys independent auditors of the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting. The Company may fail to achieve and maintain the adequacy of its internal control over financial reporting as such standards are modified, supplemented, or amended from time to time, and the Company may not be able to ensure that it can conclude on an ongoing basis that it has effective internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of SOX. The Companys failure to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of SOX on an ongoing, timely basis could result in the loss of investor confidence in the reliability of its financial statements, which in turn could harm the Companys business and negatively impact the trading price of its Common Shares or market value of its other securities. In addition, any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm the Companys operating results or cause it to fail to meet its reporting obligations. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to remediate material weaknesses, if any, identified in future periods, or maintain all of the controls necessary for continued compliance, and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to retain sufficient skilled finance and accounting personnel, especially in light of the increased demand for such personnel among publicly traded companies. Future acquisitions of companies may provide the Company with challenges in implementing the required processes, procedures and controls in its acquired operations. Acquired companies may not have disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting that are as thorough or effective as those required by securities laws currently applicable to the Company.
No evaluation can provide complete assurance that the Companys internal control over financial reporting will detect or uncover all failures of persons within the Company to disclose material information otherwise required to be reported. The effectiveness of the Companys controls and procedures could also be limited by simple errors or faulty judgments. In addition, as the Company continues to expand, the challenges involved in implementing appropriate internal controls over financial reporting will increase and will require that the Company continue to improve its internal controls over financial reporting. Although the Company intends to devote substantial time and incur costs, as necessary, to ensure ongoing compliance, the Company cannot be certain that it will be successful in complying with Section 404.
|
73 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
If any of the foregoing events, or other risk factor events not described herein occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could suffer. In that event, the market price of our securities could decline and investors could lose all or part of their investment.
ITEM 6 DIVIDENDS
The Company has not paid any dividends on any of its shares since incorporation and does not presently have any intention of paying dividends.
ITEM 7 DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE
Great basin Golds share capital consists of common shares without par value, of which an unlimited number of shares are authorized and 414,015,108 common shares without par value were issued and outstanding as fully paid and non-assessable as of December 31, 2010 as well as 24,918,480 share purchase warrants outstanding and 16,440,991 share options outstanding at that date.
The following details the share capital structure as at March 27, 2011. These figures may be subject to minor accounting adjustments prior to presentation in future consolidated financial statements.
Table 25: Share Capital Structure.
| Share Capital Structure | ||||
| Equity type | Expiry date | Exercise price | Number granted (thousands) | Total (thousands) |
| Common shares | 452,183 | |||
| Share purchase options | March 31, 2011 | $3.57 | 90 | |
| April 30, 2011 | $2.45 | 450 | ||
| May 21, 2011 | $3.47 | 150 | ||
| August 18, 2011 | $2.78 | 220 | ||
| October 30, 2011 | $1.50 | 114 | ||
| December 11, 2011 | $1.25 | 1,607 | ||
| February 11, 2012 | $1.75 | 1,650 | ||
| April 18, 2012 | $2.68 | 90 | ||
| July 15, 2012 | $1.49 | 333 | ||
| October 9, 2012 | $1.65 | 295 | ||
| February 10, 2013 | $1.78 | 660 | ||
| March 26, 2013 | $1.74 | 2,461 | ||
| April 10, 2013 | $3.60 | 110 | ||
| August 3, 2013 | $1.81 | 1,107 | ||
| November 9, 2013 | $2.96 | 450 | ||
|
74 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
| December 11, 2013 | $1.25 | 255 | ||
| January 14, 2014 | $1.35 | 825 | ||
| March 11, 2014 | $2.46 | 5,580 | ||
| February 11, 2014 | $1.75 | 690 | ||
| April 12, 2014 | $1.49 | 2,380 | ||
| July 15, 2014 | $1.49 | 100 | ||
| March 26, 2015 | $1.74 | 1,500 | ||
| March 11, 2016 | $2.46 | 1,475 | 22,592 | |
| Warrants | December 12, 2011 | $1.25 | 21,068 | 21,068 |
| Convertible debentures | November 30, 2014 | $2.15 | 58,837 | 58,837 |
| Fully diluted shares | 554,680 |
There have been no changes in the classification of common shares (reclassifications, consolidations, reverse splits or the like) within the previous five years. All common shares of Great Basin Gold rank pari passu (i.e. equally) for the payment of any dividends and distributions in the event of a windup. Great Basin Golds securities have not received any ratings from any rating organization.
ITEM 8 MARKET FOR SECURITIES
The following table shows the progression in high and low trading prices of the common shares of Great Basin Gold on the TSX, JSE and NYSE Amex for the periods listed. TSX and NYSE Amex are our primary markets although we listed our common shares on the JSE in 2006 by way of a secondary listing.
Table 26: Trading Prices.
Sasfin
| TSX:GBG | JSE: GBG | NYSE: GBG | |||||||
| High | Low | Avg Volume per trading day | High | Low | Avg Volume per trading day | High | Low | Avg Volume per trading day | |
| Canadian Dollars | South African Rand | United States Dollars | |||||||
| Last fourteen months | |||||||||
| February 2011 | $2.78 | $2.53 | 2 967 489 | R20.50 | R18.10 | 9 361 | $2.82 | $2.57 | 2 219 070 |
| January 2011 | $2.92 | $2.42 | 61 785 881 | R20.00 | R17.10 | 213 988 | $3.01 | $2.42 | 47 300 102 |
| December 2010 | $3.04 | $2.66 | 71 19 ,808 | R22.50 | R18.50 | 173 401 | $3.04 | $2.65 | 51 603 990 |
| November 2010 | $3.33 | $2.63 | 88 577 255 | R22.44 | R18.40 | 1 074 261 | $3.32 | $2.57 | 77 566 726 |
| October 2010 | $2.94 | $2.44 | 84 251 968 | R19.70 | R16.60 | 460 210 | $2.94 | $2.39 | 49 030 978 |
| September 2010 | $2.62 | $2.20 | 85 789 337 | R17.95 | R15.01 | 3 768 457 | $2.55 | $2.11 | 52 509 019 |
| August 2010 | $2.30 | $1.79 | 86 190 246 | R15.84 | R12.63 | 2 043 990 | $2.19 | $1.67 | 35 824 297 |
|
75 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
| TSX:GBG | JSE: GBG | NYSE: GBG | |||||||
| High | Low | Avg Volume per trading day | High | Low | Avg Volume per trading day | High | Low | Avg Volume per trading day | |
| Canadian Dollars | South African Rand | United States Dollars | |||||||
| July 2010 | $1.90 | $1.71 | 32 466 966 | R13.76 | R12.50 | 1 786 463 | $1.84 | $1.58 | 20 107 101 |
| June 2010 | $1.93 | $1.70 | 28 305 082 | R13.90 | R12.73 | 232 685 | $1.89 | $1.65 | 25 027 765 |
| May 2010 | $1.96 | $1.68 | 55 267 893 | R14.25 | R12.40 | 308 535 | $1.92 | $1.56 | 43 908 985 |
| April 2010 | $1.96 | $1.70 | 57 306 068 | R14.00 | R12.40 | 666 152 | $1.95 | $1.69 | 33 554 009 |
| March 2010 | $1.84 | $1.64 | 45 564 153 | R12.95 | R12.28 | 323 489 | $1.81 | $1.61 | 30 115 983 |
| February 2010 | $1.90 | $1.63 | 1 638 078 | R13.40 | R12.20 | 14 072 | $1.79 | $1.55 | 147 368 |
| January 2010 | $2.09 | $1.73 | 1 781 771 | R14.80 | R12.70 | 17 989 | $2.02 | $1.62 | 138 042 |
| By fiscal quarter | |||||||||
| Quarter ended December 31, 2010 | $3.09 | $2.45 | 3 873 477 | R22.50 | R16.60 | 26 686 | $3.11 | $2.40 | 2 784 401 |
| Quarter ended September 30, 2010 | $2.60 | $1.74 | 3 245 183 | R17.80 | R12.50 | 118 733 | $2.55 | $1.58 | 1 694 382 |
| Quarter ended June 30, 2010 | $1.93 | $1.70 | 2 236 175 | R14.25 | R12.40 | 19 793 | $1.90 | $1.62 | 1 626 837 |
| Quarter ended March 31, 2010 | $2.03 | $1.64 | 1 811 662 | R14.75 | R12.25 | 15 560 | $1.98 | $1.58 | 1 373 064 |
| Quarter ended December 31, 2009 | $1.90 | $1.49 | 2 818 972 | $13.25 | $10.60 | 30 073 | $1.81 | $1.36 | 238 228 |
| Quarter ended September 30, 2009 | $1.80 | $1.36 | 1 588 428 | $12.50 | $9.76 | 18 879 | $1.69 | $1.23 | 156 369 |
| Quarter ended June 30, 2009 | $1.97 | $1.37 | 2 572 153 | $14.00 | $10.45 | 26 091 | $1.77 | $1.11 | 122 198 |
| Quarter ended March 31, 2009 | $2.38 | $1.11 | 808 765 | $18.90 | $9.70 | 35 438 | $1.90 | $0.87 | 174 452 |
| Quarter ended December 31, 2008 | $2.18 | $0.91 | 841 211 | R17.00 | R8.10 | 164 614 | $2.07 | $0.73 | 822 047 |
| Quarter ended September 30, 2008 | $3.73 | $1.48 | 585 498 | R28.49 | R12.00 | 116 799 | $3.72 | $1.37 | 650 915 |
| Quarter ended June 30, 2008 | $3.75 | $2.90 | 515 420 | R28.50 | R22.25 | 99 300 | $3.73 | $2.84 | 434 353 |
| Quarter ended March 31, 2008 | $3.83 | $2.69 | 805 182 | R30.50 | R13.27 | 63 916 | $3.85 | $2.70 | 695 191 |
| Quarter ended December 31, 2007 | $3.45 | $2.53 | 595 951 | R24.00 | R18.00 | 153 665 | $3.62 | $2.25 | 572 191 |
| Quarter ended September 30, 2007 | $3.24 | $2.01 | 609 610 | R21.75 | R14.08 | 94 919 | $3.13 | $1.89 | 489 589 |
| Quarter ended June 30, 2007 | $2.88 | $2.28 | 813 226 | R19.00 | R14.00 | 103 179 | $2.70 | $1.96 | 378 440 |
| Quarter ended March 31, 2007 | $2.64 | $1.88 | 142 760 | R16.00 | R10.90 | 64 011 | $2.27 | $1.60 | 299 895 |
| Quarter ended December 31, 2006 | $2.28 | $1.46 | 119 985 | R15.40 | R11.82 | 45 774 | $2.03 | $1.30 | 258 389 |
| Quarter ended September 30, 2006 | $2.07 | $1.45 | 102 487 | n/a | n/a | n/a | $1.84 | $1.27 | 188 173 |
| Quarter ended June 30, 2006 | $2.70 | $1.69 | 213 720 | n/a | n/a | n/a | $2.44 | $1.51 | 347 630 |
|
76 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
| TSX:GBG | JSE: GBG | NYSE: GBG | |||||||
| High | Low | Avg Volume per trading day | High | Low | Avg Volume per trading day | High | Low | Avg Volume per trading day | |
| Canadian Dollars | South African Rand | United States Dollars | |||||||
| Quarter ended March 31, 2006 | $2.60 | $1.77 | 156 451 | n/a | n/a | n/a | $2.21 | $1.54 | 303 074 |
| Quarter ended December 31, 2005 | $1.80 | $1.01 | 119 740 | n/a | n/a | n/a | $1.56 | $0.86 | 223 084 |
| Quarter ended September 30, 2005 | $1.28 | $0.99 | 51 111 | n/a | n/a | n/a | $1.03 | $0.83 | 131 364 |
| Quarter ended June 30, 2005 | $1.38 | $1.01 | 35 426 | n/a | n/a | n/a | $1.13 | $0.79 | 122 127 |
| Quarter ended March 31, 2005 | $1.55 | $1.33 | 72 520 | n/a | n/a | n/a | $1.30 | $1.11 | 174 252 |
| By fiscal year | |||||||||
| Year ended December 31, 2010 | $3.09 | $1.64 | 2 795 529 | R22.50 | R12.25 | 45 732 | $3.11 | $1.58 | 1 876 637 |
| Year ended December 31, 2009 | $2.38 | $1.11 | 1 951 615 | R18.90 | R9.70 | 27 619 | $1.90 | $0.87 | 172 993 |
| Year ended December 31, 2008 | $3.83 | $0.91 | 685 678 | R30.50 | R8.10 | 111 298 | $3.85 | $0.73 | 649 592 |
| Year ended December 31, 2007 | $3.45 | $1.88 | 538 534 | R24.00 | R10.90 | 103 950 | $3.62 | $1.60 | 436 652 |
| Year ended December 31, 2006 | $2.70 | $1.45 | 148 488 | R15.40 | R11.82 | 45 774 | $2.44 | $1.27 | 274 202 |
| Year ended December 31, 2005 | $1.80 | $0.99 | 69 151 | n/a | n/a | n/a | $1.56 | $0.79 | 162 330 |
| Year ended December 31, 2004 | $3.70 | $1.41 | 85 947 | n/a | n/a | n/a | $2.90 | $1.09 | 262 252 |
| Year ended December 31, 2003 | $3.90 | $1.13 | 160 834 | n/a | n/a | n/a | $3.00 | $0.83 | 254 493 |
| Year ended December 31, 2002 | $2.30 | $0.82 | 45 144 | n/a | n/a | n/a | $1.52 | $0.52 | 81 664 |
ITEM 9 ESCROWED SECURITIES AND SECURITIES SUBJECT TO CONTRACTUAL RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER
There are no shares of Great Basin Gold held in escrow, or subject to contractual restrictions on transfer.
ITEM 10 DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
The names and municipalities of residence of the directors and officers of the Company, their principal occupations during the past five years, and the period of time they have served as directors or officers of Great Basin Gold are as follows. Except where indicated, each director and senior officer of Great Basin Gold has held the same or similar principal occupation with the organization indicated or a predecessor thereof for the last five years.
|
77 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
A. Directors
Table 27: Directors.
| Name, position in the Company and province or state, and country of residence | Period(s) a director of the Company |
| Patrick R. Cooke Director Johannesburg, South Africa |
Since April 2006 |
| T. Barry Coughlan Director Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |
Since February 1998
|
| Ferdinand Dippenaar President, Chief Executive Officer and Director Bryanston, Gauteng, South Africa |
Since December 2005
|
| David M.S. Elliott Director Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |
Since July 2004 |
| H. Wayne Kirk Director Orcas, Washington, USA |
Since July 2004 |
| Joshua C. Ngoma Director Sandton, Gauteng, South Africa |
Since July 2009 |
| Gert J. Robbertze Director Sandton, Gauteng, South Africa |
Since March 2010 |
| Walter T. Segsworth Director North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |
January 2003 to March 2011
|
| Ronald W. Thiessen Chairman of the Board and Director West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |
Since October 1993
|
At the annual general meeting held on June 22, 2010, directors listed above were re-elected to a one-year term of office expiring at the next annual general meeting of Great Basin Gold, which is expected to be held on June 7, 2011. Mr. Segsworth resigned from the Board on March 3, 2011. Based on insider reports filed on www.sedi.ca, as at March 27, 2011, the above directors and officers beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, or exercised control or direction over common shares of the Company (0.27%), or common shares on a fully diluted basis (0.22%) .
The following committees have been established by the members of Great Basin Golds Board of Directors:
|
78 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Table 28: Board Committees.
| Membership | |
| Audit Committee | Patrick R. Cooke,
Chair David M.S. Elliott H. Wayne Kirk |
| Compensation Committee | T. Barry Coughlan,
Chair Patrick R. Cooke Gert J. Robbertze |
| Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee | H. Wayne Kirk,
Chair T. Barry Coughlan Gert J. Robbertze |
| Environmental, Health and Safety Committee | Walter T.
Segsworth, Chair Joshua C. Ngoma Gert J. Robbertze |
| Investment Committee | Ferdi Dippenaar,
Chair Patrick R. Cooke Walter T. Segsworth Ronald W. Thiessen |
| Executive Committee | Ronald W. Thiessen,
Chair Patrick R. Cooke T. Barry Coughlan Ferdi Dippenaar |
The mandate of each of these committees is more particularly described in Great basin Golds management information circular filed on www.sedar.com on June 1, 2010 and on the Companys website at www.greatbasingold.com.
The following biographies have been provided by the individual directors.
Principal Occupation and Other Companies Served by Current Directors of Great Basin Gold
PATRICK R. COOKE, B.Comm (Wits), CA (SA) Director
Patrick Cooke is a native of South Africa and received his chartered accountant designation in South Africa in 1981. As a Chartered Accountant he worked as a management consultant with one of the large accounting companies as well as working for a merchant bank. Mr. Cooke was responsible for listing two companies on the main board of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and was the Financial Director of a third JSE listed company. His industry experience is wide, having been involved in mineral resources, information technology, wholesale fast moving consumer goods, financial services and professional services companies. He was appointed a non-executive director of Sallies Limited in October 2009 and, with effect from February 1, 2010, was appointed Financial Director and Chief Operating Officer and with effect from 8 February 2011 was appointed Acting Chief Executive Officer.
|
79 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Mr. Cooke is, or was within the past five years, a director of the following reporting issuers in Canada or a foreign jurisdiction:
| Company | Positions Held | From | To |
| Pangea DiamondFields PLC | Director | August 2006 | December 2008 |
| Great Basin Gold Ltd. | Director | April 2006 | Present |
| Sallies Ltd. | Director | October 2009 | Present |
| Financial Director, CFO, COO and Acting CEO | February 2010 | Present |
T. BARRY COUGHLAN, B.A. Director
Barry Coughlan is a self-employed businessman and financier who over the past 24 years has been involved in the acquisition and financing of publicly traded mining companies. His principal occupation is President and Director of TBC Ventures Ltd., a private investment company which has developed resource projects in Canada, the USA, Mexico and Africa.
Mr. Coughlan is, or was within the past five years, a director of the following reporting issuers in Canada or a foreign jurisdiction:
| Company | Positions Held | From | To |
| Continental Minerals Corporation | Director | May 2006 | December 2006 |
| Farallon Resources Ltd. | Director | March 1998 | January 2011 |
| Great Basin Gold Ltd. | Director | February 1998 | Present |
| Icon Industries Ltd. | President, CEO and Director | September 1991 | February 2010 |
| Quartz Mountain Resources Ltd. | Director | January 2005 | Present |
| Taseko Mines Limited | Director | February 2001 | Present |
| Quadro Resources Ltd.
(formerlyTri-Gold Resources Corp). |
President and Director | June 1986 | Present |
| Amarc Resources Ltd. | Director | February 2009 | Present |
| Rathdowney Resource Corp | Director | March 2011 | Present |
FERDINAND DIPPENAAR, B. Proc, MBA President, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Director
Ferdi Dippenaar is a resident of the Republic of South Africa and is a well known member of the gold mining industry in South Africa. He holds a Bachelors of Commerce and Procuration Degrees, and an MBA from North West University in South Africa.
Mr. Dippenaar started his career at the Buffelsfontein gold mine in 1982 and was employed in various financial and administrative capacities at the Gengold mines. In 1996, he became managing director of Grootvlei and of East Rand Proprietary Mines. Following Harmony Golds acquisition of Grootvlei and Cons Modder, he was appointed Marketing Director of Harmony in 1997, overseeing Harmonys service delivery departments, corporate affairs and the companys investor relations. Mr. Dippenaar was appointed Director, President and CEO of Great Basin Gold Ltd. in December 2005.
|
80 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Mr. Dippenaar is, or was within the past five years, a director of the following reporting issuers in Canada or a foreign jurisdiction:
| Company | Positions Held | From | To |
| Village Main Reef Gold Mining Company (1934) Ltd. | Director | July 2008 | Present |
| Kryso Resources Inc. | Director | April 2007 | Present |
| Great Basin Gold Ltd. | Director, President and Chief Executive Officer | December 2005 | Present |
| Harmony Gold Mining Co. Ltd. | Executive Director | 1997 | November 2005 |
DAVID M.S. ELLIOTT, B.Comm, FCA, ICD.D Director
David Elliott graduated from the University of British Columbia with a Bachelor of Commerce degree and then acquired a chartered accountant designation with KPMG LLP. In 2006, he became a certified director with the Institute of Corporate Directors. Mr. Elliott joined BC Sugar Company in 1976, working in a number of senior positions before becoming President and Chief Operating Officer of the operating subsidiary, Rogers Sugar. In 1997, he joined Lantic Sugar in Toronto as Executive Vice President. He also served as Chairman of the Canadian Sugar Institute. He became President and Chief Operating Officer of the International Group based in St Louis, Missouri in 1999, a company involved with food distribution as well as manufacturing and distribution of pet and animal feed. For several years, he worked with companies developing e-mail and data management services.
Mr. Elliott is, or was within the past five years, a director of the following reporting issuers in Canada or a foreign jurisdiction:
| Company | Positions Held | From | To |
| Anooraq Resources Corporation | Director | April 2005 | June 2009 |
| Great Basin Gold Ltd. | Director | July 2004 | Present |
| Northern Dynasty Minerals Ltd. | Director | July 2004 | Present |
| Taseko Mines Limited | Director | July 2004 | Present |
WAYNE KIRK, LLB Director
Wayne Kirk is a retired attorney and professional consultant. With over 40 years professional experience, Mr. Kirk also has over 9 years senior executive experience in the mining industry.
Mr. Kirk is a citizen of the United States and is a resident of Washington. A Harvard University graduate, Mr. Kirk received his law degree in 1968. From 1992 to 2001 Mr. Kirk was the Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of Homestake Mining Company. Prior to his retirement in June 2004 he spent two years as Special Counsel for the law firm, Thelen Reid & Priest, in San Francisco.
|
81 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Mr. Kirk is, or was within the past five years, a director of the following reporting issuers in Canada or a foreign jurisdiction:
| Company | Positions Held | From | To |
| Gabriel Resources Ltd. | Director | June 2008 | Present |
| Anooraq Resources Corporation | Director | July 2005 | Present |
| Great Basin Gold Ltd. | Director | July 2004 | Present |
| Northern Dynasty Minerals Ltd. | Director | July 2004 | Present |
| Taseko Mines Limited | Director | July 2004 | Present |
JOSHUA C. NGOMA, M.Eng Director
Joshua Ngoma, a founding member and the current Chief Executive Officer of Tranter Holdings (Pty) Ltd, was elected to the Board of Great Basin Gold, effective July 15, 2009. He holds a Bachelor of Engineering degree with honours in mining engineering from Camborne School of Mines in the UK and a Master of Engineering in Project Management from Pretoria University in South Africa and has spent most of his career in the mining industry. He served with ZCCM (Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines Ltd), Cementation Mining, De Beers and Sasol Mining before joining Eyesizwe Coal, where he served from Group Technical Manager to General Manager of the Matla Colliery. He later joined Anglo Platinum as the Group Manager: New Mining Technologies, where he was responsible for the development and implementation of the Groups new mining technologies.
Mr. Ngoma is, or was within the past five years, a director of the following reporting issuers in Canada or a foreign jurisdiction:
| Company | Positions Held | From | To |
| Great Basin Gold Ltd. | Director | July 2009 | Present |
GERT (Gerry) J. ROBBERTZE, P. Eng Director
Mr. Robbertze, is an Associate of Camborne School of Mines (ACSM), a Fellow of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (FSAIMM), a Member of the South African Mine Managers Association (MSAMMA) and a member of the South African Council for Professional Engineers (Pr Eng). He has served with Anglo American Corporation Limited, Kuruman Cape Blue Asbestos, Tsumeb Corporation Limited, Gold Fields of South Africa, Associated Ore and Metal Limited , and Anglovaal Mining Limited. He is currently a director of the Mineral Corporation Consultancy (Pty) Limited. Mr Robbertze was appointed director of the Company in March 2010.
Mr. Robbertze is, or was within the past five years, a director of the following reporting issuers in Canada or a foreign jurisdiction:
| Company | Positions Held | From | To |
| Great Basin Gold Ltd. | Director | March 2010 | Present |
|
82 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
WALTER T. SEGSWORTH, P.Eng Director
Walter Segsworth has been an active and respected member of the international mining industry for over 30 years. He has an excellent track record in employee safety, environmental excellence and turn around production situations. During Mr. Segsworths tenure as President, Chief Operating Officer and Director at Homestake Mining Company, the Company set a 125 year gold production record and its operating costs reached 25 year lows. Mr. Segsworth is a past Director and Chairman of the Mining Associations of Canada and British Columbia, and was voted British Columbia Mining Industry Person in the past. He is a member of the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum and until recently, was part of the Mining Curriculum Advisory Board of the Michigan Technological University, from which he earned his degree in Mining Engineering. Mr. Segsworth resigned as a Director of the Company in March 2011.
Mr. Segsworth is, or was within the past five years, a director of the following reporting issuers in Canada or a foreign jurisdiction:
| Company | Positions Held | From | To |
| Northern Dynasty Minerals Ltd. | Director | September 2004 | June 2008 |
| Great Basin Gold Ltd. | Director | January 2003 | March 2011 |
| Cumberland Resources Ltd. | Director | May 2002 | April 2007 |
| Yukon Zinc Corp. | Director | February 2001 | July 2008 |
| UEX Corporation | Director | March 2002 | June 2008 |
| Plutonic Power Corp | Director | October 2003 | Present |
| Centenario Copper Corporation | Director | March 2004 | April 2009 |
| Pan American Silver Corp. | Director | May 2009 | Present |
RONALD W. THIESSEN, CA
Ronald Thiessen is a Chartered Accountant with professional experience in finance, taxation, mergers, acquisitions and re-organizations. Since 1986, Mr. Thiessen has been involved in the acquisition and financing of mining and mineral exploration companies. Mr. Thiessen is employed by Hunter Dickinson Services Inc. (formerly Hunter Dickinson Inc.), a company providing management and administrative services to several publicly-traded companies, and focuses on directing corporate development and financing activities. He is also a director of Hunter Dickinson Services Inc.
Mr. Thiessen is, or was within the past five years, an officer and/or director of the following public companies:
| Company | Positions Held | From | To |
| Amarc Resources Ltd. | Director | September 1995 | Present |
| President and Chief Executive Officer | September 2000 | Present | |
| Anooraq Resources Corporation | Director | April 1996 | Present |
| President and Chief Executive Officer | September 2000 | August 2007 |
|
83 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
| Company | Positions Held | From | To |
| Continental Minerals Corporation | Director | November 1995 | Present |
| President and Chief Executive Officer | September 2000 | January 2006 | |
| Co-Chairman | January 2006 | Present | |
| Detour Gold Corporation | Director | July 2006 | Present |
| Chairman | July 2006 | March 2009 | |
| Farallon Mining Ltd. | Director | August 1994 | Present |
| Co-Chairman | September 2004 | December 2005 | |
| Chairman | December 2005 | Present | |
| Great Basin Gold Ltd. | Director | October 1993 | Present |
| President and Chief Executive Officer | September 2000 | December 2005 | |
| Co-Chairman | December 2005 | November 2006 | |
| Chairman | November 2006 | Present | |
| Northern Dynasty Minerals Ltd. | Director | November 1995 | Present |
| President and Chief Executive Officer | November 2001 | Present | |
| Rockwell Diamonds Inc. | Director | November 2000 | September 2007 |
| President and Chief Executive Officer | November 2000 | September 2006 | |
| Chairman | September 2006 | September 2007 | |
| Taseko Mines Limited | Director | October 1993 | Present |
| President and Chief Executive Officer | September 2000 | July 2005 | |
| Co-Chairman | July 2005 | May 2006 | |
| Chairman | May 2006 | Present | |
| Quadro Resources Ltd. (formerly Tri-Gold Resources Corp.) |
Director | July 1992 | December 2006 |
B. Officers
| Ferdinand Dippenaar | Chief Executive Officer | December 2005 | Present |
| Lou van Vuuren | Chief Financial Officer | March 2008 | Present |
| Johan Oelofse | Chief Operating Officer | March 2006 | Present |
| Willie Beckmann | Vice President, Business Services | March 2006 | Present |
| Dawie Mostert | Vice President, Human Capital | March 2006 | Present |
|
84 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
FERDINAND DIPPENAAR, Chief Executive Officer
See Mr. Dippenaars biography under the heading Directors above.
LOU VAN VUUREN, Chief Financial Officer
Mr. van Vuuren is a qualified Chartered Accountant and joined the Company from PricewaterhouseCoopers. He brings along a wealth of experience in multi-national companies listed on various world markets and the required regulatory requirements posed to such companies. He has been involved in the international gold mining sector for a number of years and gained valuable exposure during his involvement in various capital raising transactions as well as mergers and acquisitions.
JOHAN OELOFSE, Chief Operating Officer
Mr. Oelofse is a qualified mining engineer with 28 years experience including working on projects in South Africa, Uganda, Mozambique, Argentina, Kentucky in the USA, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, China, Malaysia, Indonesia and the DRC. Mr. Oelofse began his career in the South African Gold Mining environment and gained a working knowledge of all aspects of the industry. Mr. Oelofse has a B Ing degree from Pretoria University in South Africa and an MSc Mining Engineering at Camborne School of Mines. Mr. Oelofse joined Great Basin Gold as Chief Operating Officer in March 2006.
WILLIE BECKMANN, Vice President: Legal and Compliance
Mr. Beckmann is an accredited attorney, notary and conveyancer. Mr. Beckmann obtained the degrees B Juris LLB (1983) from the North West University. Mr. Beckmann started his career as an officer in the South African Defence Force where he gained extensive experience in administrative law, the drafting of legislation and investigatory review techniques. Mr. Beckmann joined the gold mining industry in 2002 as the group security manager of Harmony Gold Mining Company. Mr. Beckmann since then successfully founded the Legal and Compliance Department overseeing the security, legal and enterprise- wide risk management functions of Harmony. Mr. Beckmann joined Great Basin Gold in March 2006 responsible for the Legal and Compliance functions and business services.
DAWIE MOSTERT, Vice President: Human Capital
Mr. Mostert has a diploma in Labour Relations (DPLR) (Advanced Labour Law) and a MBA degree from Wits University in South Africa. Mr. Mostert has approximately 17 years experience in the mining industry during which time he has functioned in many positions including Human Resources Manager, Mine Manager, Elandsrand; Executive Training and People Development; Executive Employee Relations; Executive Human Resources and Executive New Mines. Mr. Mostert was appointed to the executive of Harmony Gold Mining Company in April 2002. As a Harmony executive, Mr. Mostert served on the boards of The South African Mathematics Foundation and the Mining Qualifications Authority (Mining SETA).
Cease Trade Orders, Bankruptcies, Penalties or Sanctions
No director or officer of Great Basin Gold is, as of the date of this AIF, or has been within the 10 years before the date of this AIF, a director or officer of any company that while that person was acting in that capacity, was the subject of a cease trade order, penalties, sanctions or bankruptcy, during the time the individual was a director or within a one year period thereafter, or was a director or officer of a company during the time in which an event occurred which led to a cease trade order, penalties, sanctions or bankruptcy subsequent to the individual ceasing to act as a director or officer.
|
85 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Potential Conflicts of Interest
Several Directors of Great Basin Gold also serve as directors of other similar companies involved in natural resource development. Accordingly, it may occur that properties will be offered to both Great Basin Gold and such other companies. Furthermore, those other companies may participate in the same properties as those in which Great Basin Gold has an interest. As a result there may be situations which involve a potential conflict of interest or issues in connection with the doctrine of corporate opportunity. In that event, a financially interested director would not be entitled to vote at meetings of directors in respect of a transaction involving the Company if it evokes any such conflict. The directors will attempt to avoid dealing with such other companies in situations where conflicts or corporate opportunity issues might arise and will at all times use their best efforts to act in the best interests of Great Basin Gold. One Director, Joshua Ngoma is a director of our BEE partner Tranter Gold (Pty) Ltd and so has potential conflicts of interest in connection with serving on the board of a major shareholder at the same time he serves on the Companys board.
ITEM 11 PROMOTERS
Not applicable.
ITEM 12 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
No other material legal proceedings involving Great Basin Gold or its subsidiaries are ongoing or expected.
ITEM 13 INTEREST OF MANAGEMENT AND OTHERS IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS
Apart from Joshua C. Ngoma (a director of the Company who has a material interest in the Companys BEE transaction, but who abstained from the relevant resolutions approving the transaction, none) of the directors or senior officers of the Company, nor any person who has held such a position since the beginning of the last completed financial year end of the Company, nor any proposed nominee for election as a director of the Company, nor any associate or affiliate of the foregoing persons, has any substantial or material interest, direct or indirect, by way of beneficial ownership of securities or otherwise, in any material transaction of the Company.
ITEM 14 TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
The Companys registrar and transfer agent is Computershare Trust Company of Canada, located in Vancouver, BC as well as its South African affiliate at its Johannesburg office. Great Basin Gold maintains separate share registers.
|
86 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
ITEM 15 MATERIAL CONTRACTS
(a) Tranter Margin Loan Agreements: Under these agreements Great Basin Gold has initially guaranteed ZAR80 million ($11 million) of the indebtedness of its BEE partner, Tranter Burnstone (Pty) Ltd (Tranter Burnstone) and as well provided a ZAR 32 million deposit ($4.3 million) in December, 2008 to increase the value of the 19.9 million shares of Great Basin Gold pledged as security for the ZAR380 million ($52 million) loan made by South African banks to Tranter Burnstone. Great Basin Gold then agreed with Investec to increase the guarantee to ZAR140 million ($21 million) to cover any shortfall in interest or principal repayments on the loan outstanding by Tranter Burnstone to Investec. Any advances to Tranter Burnstone under this guarantee are due to be repaid by Tranter Burnstone in instalments from 2014 to 2017, with interest at South African prime interest rate plus 2%. Security for any advances made pursuant to this guarantee includes a second charge against any shares of the Company held by Tranter (second to Investec). The Companys wholly owned subsidiary Southgold Exploration (Pty) Ltd was also required to set aside $12 million (ZAR80 million) in an Investec account to be utilized for any advances required to be made to Tranter under the guarantee. The amount agreed to be set aside set aside was loaned to Tranter Burnstone in October 2010 through a loan of $13 million (ZAR88 million) under the guarantee agreement. Therefore the balance of the restricted cash ($12 million) as disclosed in the September 30, 2010 interim financial statements was used to partially fulfill this obligation. As a result of the loan the remaining Tranter Burnstone guarantee is now reduced to ZAR52 million ($6.9 million) and Tranter Burnstone continues to owe the Company $13 million.
(b) Senior Notes Indenture Dated December 12, 2008 and filed at www.sedar.com on January 20, 2009. The Indenture governs the terms of the US$50 million senior secured Notes described under Description of Capital Structure; As stated below the senior secured notes were retired by the Credit Facility from Credit Suisse AG on March 15, 2011 ;
(c) On May 21, 2010, the Company announced that it obtained a US$47 million export finance credit facility from Credit Suisse AG. The facility was upsized to US$72 million in August 2010. This facility (First CS Facility) has a maximum term of four years from date of draw down, with interest and capital repayment commencing nine months after draw down, and bears an interest rate of 4% over the U.S. LIBOR rate. The Company has the right to retire the First CS Facility 12 months after draw down at no additional cost. The Burnstone Property is the primary security for the First CS Facility. A hedging program typical for these facilities was implemented for the First CS Facility involving a zero-cost-collar structure for a total of 105,000 Au ozs over the next four years. On March 15, 2011, Great Basin Gold closed a second credit facility approval from Credit Suisse AG to enter into a Term Loan Financing for US$60 million (Second CS Facility). The Second CS Facility has a maximum term of four years from date of draw down, with interest and capital repayment commencing three months after draw down, and bears an interest rate of 3.75% over the U.S. LIBOR rate. The Company has the right to retire the Second CS Facility 12 months after draw down at no additional cost. The Hollister Property and Esmeralda Mill are the primary security for the Second CS Facility. A hedging program typical for this facility was implemented and involves a zero-cost-collar structure for a total of 105,000 Au ozs over the next four years. Of the US$60 million proceeds of the Second CS Facility, some US$52 million was used to retire the Senior Secured Notes issued in 2008.
(d) Great Basin Golds stock option plan described in its 2008 shareholder proxy materials filed on www.sedar.com on May 29, 2008;
(e) Convertible debentures. The Debentures mature on November 30, 2014 and bear interest at the rate of 8% per annum. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 30 and November 30 of each year, commencing on May 30, 2010. The Debentures are direct senior unsecured obligations of the Company and are guaranteed by certain of the Companys subsidiaries.
|
87 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
ITEM 16 INTERESTS OF EXPERTS
Interests of Experts
The following is a list of the persons or companies named as having prepared or certified a statement, report or valuation, in this AIF either directly or in a document incorporated by reference and whose profession or business gives authority to the statement, report or valuation made by the person or company:
(a) The Corporations independent auditors are PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Chartered Accountants, who have issued an independent auditors report dated March 4, 2011 in respect of the Corporations consolidated financial statements as at December 31, 2010 and the Corporations internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2010. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP has advised that they are independent with respect to the Corporation within the meaning of the Rules of Professional Conduct of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of British Columbia and the rules of the US Securities and Exchange Commission.
(b) Daniel J. van Heerden Pr. Eng., ECSA, FSAIMM , AMMSA Director of Minxcon Mining Consultants , Johan Oelofse, Pr. Eng., FSAIMM, Deon van der Heever, Pr. Sc. Nat., and Phil Bentley, Pr. Sci. Nat. are the qualified persons who co-authored technical report entitled Technical Report on the Update of the Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates for the Hollister Gold Mine, Elko County, Nevada, USA dated February 8, 2011 and filed on SEDAR on February 8, 2011;;
(c) Daniel J. van Heerden Pr. Eng., ECSA, FSAIMM, AMMSA Director of Minxcon Mining Consultants, Frederik J. de Bruin, Pr. Sci. Nat.,Deswik Mining Consultants, Johan Oelofse, Pr. Eng., FSAIMM, Deon van der Heever, Pr. Sc. Nat., and Phil Bentley, Pr. Sci. Nat., and the technical report entitled Technical Report Update on the Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates for the Burnstone Gold Mine, Mpumalanga Province of the Republic of South Africa dated February 8, 2011 and filed on SEDAR on February 8, 2011;
Messrs Oelofse and Bentley are employees of Great Basin Gold and Messrs Van Heerden and de Bruin are independent of the Company.
To our knowledge, none of these entities or individuals holds, directly or indirectly, more than 1% of our issued and outstanding common shares.
Based on information provided by the relevant persons, and except as otherwise disclosed in this AIF, none of the persons or companies referred to above has received or will receive any direct or indirect interests in our property or the property of an associated party or an affiliate of ours or have any beneficial ownership, direct or indirect, of our securities or of an associated party or an affiliate of ours.
ITEM 17 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Additional information, including directors and officers remuneration, indebtedness of officers, executive stock options and interests of management and others in material transactions, where applicable, is contained in annual financial statements, proxy circulars and interim financial statements of available at the SEDAR internet web site (www.sedar.com).
|
88 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
The following documents can be obtained upon request from Great Basin Golds Shareholder Communication Department by calling (604) 684-6365:
| (i) |
this AIF, together with any document incorporated herein by reference; |
| (ii) |
the Annual Report of the Company and any interim financial statements filed with Securities Commissions subsequent to the audited financial statements for the Companys most recently completed financial year; and |
| (iii) |
the Proxy Circular for the annual general meeting of the Company to be held in June 2011, when available. |
The Company may require the payment of a reasonable charge from persons, other than security holders of the Company, requesting copies of these documents directly from the Company.
ITEM 18 DISCLOSURE FOR COMPANIES NOT SENDING INFORMATION CIRCULARS
Not applicable.
ITEM 19 CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO) are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate disclosure controls and procedures. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Companys filings under securities legislation is accumulated and communicated to management, including the CEO and CFO as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding public disclosure. They are designed to provide reasonable assurance that all information required to be disclosed in these filings is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in securities legislation. The Company evaluates its disclosure controls and procedures annually.
Under the supervision of our CEO and CFO, management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as at December 31, 2010. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as at December 31, 2010, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in our annual filings, interim filings or other reports that we file or submit under applicable securities legislation is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in such legislation and that these controls and procedures also provide reasonable assurance that material information relating to us is made known to our CEO and CFO by others.
It should be noted that while our officers believe that our disclosure controls and procedures provide a reasonable level of assurance with regard to their effectiveness, they do not expect that the disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls over financial reporting will prevent all errors and fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived or operated, can only provide reasonable, but not absolute assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.
MANAGEMENTS REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company, (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company, and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
|
89 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
Under the supervision of our CEO and our CFO, management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2010 based on the framework and criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2010 to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP.
During the year the Company has designed and implemented relevant internal controls in response to the Companys transition from developer to producer with further internal controls to be implemented during 2011 in response to the Burnstone production build-up. These include new internal controls addressing revenue recognition, inventory and production costs, depletion, depreciation and development costs incurred following commencement of commercial production. The implementation of these internal controls over financial reporting will have a material impact and are reasonably likely to affect our internal control over financial reporting. The effectiveness of the companys internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2010 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, our independent auditors, as stated in their report which appears in the 2010 form F-40 which has been filed on www.sedar.com by Great Basin Gold.
ITEM 20 AUDIT COMMITTEE, CODE OF ETHICS, ACCOUNTANT FEES AND EXEMPTIONS
A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
The members of the audit committee are Messrs. Wayne Kirk, Patrick Cooke and David Elliott. The Companys Board of Directors has determined that Patrick Cooke chairman of the Audit Committee of the board, is an audit committee financial expert (as that term is defined in Item 407 of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act) and is an independent director under applicable laws and regulations and the requirements of the NYSE Amex LLC Exchange. Each of the members of the audit committee is financially literate and ach of the audit committee members is independent, as that term is defined by Canadian Multilateral Instrument 52-110. Mr. Elliott is an accredited Chartered Accountant in Canada, Mr. Cooke is a Chartered Accountant in South Africa and Mr Kirk is a retired securities attorney. Great Basin Golds audit committee charter is available for download on the Companys website at www.greatbasingold.com.
B. CODE OF ETHICS
The Company has adopted a code of ethics that applies to all personnel of the Company. A copy of the Code of Ethics is available on the Companys website at www.greatbasingold.com.
|
90 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The following table sets forth information regarding amounts paid to the Companys independent auditors for each of the Companys last two fiscal years:
Table 29: Principal Accountant Fees.
| Year Ended December 31 | ||
| 2010 | 2009 | |
| Audit Fees | 358,176 | 478,330 |
| Audit Related Fees | - | 460,464 |
| Tax Fees | 9,525 | 48,512 |
| All Other Fees | 8,256 | 8,460 |
| Total | $375,957 | $ 995,766 |
Audit Fees
Audit fees are the aggregate fees billed by the Companys independent auditor for the audit of the Companys annual consolidated financial statements, reviews of interim consolidated financial statements and attestation services that are provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.
Audit-Related Fees
Audit-related fees are fees charged by the Companys independent auditor for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Companys financial statements and are not reported under Audit Fees. This category comprises fees billed for employee benefit audits, due diligence assistance, consultations on proposed transactions, internal control reviews and audit and attestation services not required under applicable law, rules and regulations.
Tax Fees
Tax fees are fees for professional services rendered by the Companys independent auditors for tax compliance and tax advice on actual or contemplated transactions.
All Other Fees
All other fees relate to services other than the audit fees, audit-related fees and tax fees described above.
Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies
From time to time, the Companys management requests approval from the Audit Committee of the Companys board for non-audit services from the Companys independent auditors. The Audit Committee pre-approves all such non-audit services with set maximum dollar limits. In considering these requests, the Audit Committee assesses, among other things, whether the services requested would be considered prohibited services as contemplated by the SEC, and whether the services requested and related fees could impair the independence of the Companys auditors.
|
91 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
ITEM 21 OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as at December 31, 2010.
The Company and with Credit Suisse AG (Credit Suisse) are parties to a $69 million (US$70 million) Term Loan Financing Facility Agreement dated February 23, 2011 (the 2011 Facility). In connection with the 2011 Facility, on March 15, 2011, the Company executed a zero-cost-collar hedge program, consisting of a total of 117,500 ounces of gold spread over a 4 year term commencing in January 2012. The call option was fixed at US$1,930 per ounce with the put option at US$1,050 per ounce. As long as gold trades within these prices there will be no cash cost to the hedge.
ITEM 22 TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
Below is a tabular disclosure of the Companys contractual obligations as at December 31, 2010:
Table 30: Contractual Obligations.
| Total (million) |
Less than one year (million) |
1 to 3 years (million) |
3 to 5 years (million) |
More than 5 years (million) | |
| Senior secured notes(1)(2) | 55.4 | 55.4 | Nil | Nil | Nil |
| Finance lease liability(1)(3) | 8.2 | 7.8 | 0.4 | Nil | Nil |
| Operating lease obligations | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | Nil | Nil |
| Asset retirement obligations(4) | 7.5 | Nil | Nil | Nil | 7.5 |
| Convertible debentures(5) | 166.5 | 10.1 | 20.2 | 136.2 | Nil |
| Term loan facilities(1)(6) | 80 | 10.4 | 55.5 | 14.1 | Nil |
| Other(7) | 2.7 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
| Total | $320.7 | $84.1 | $78.2 | $150.5 | $7.9 |
| Notes: | 1. |
Amounts include scheduled interest payments. |
| 2. |
A total of 41,575 senior secured notes, each in the principal amount of US$1,000, remained outstanding on December 31, 2010. These notes were subject to interest at 14% per annum and were to mature at 120% of principal on December 12, 2011. The notes were guaranteed on a joint and several basis by the Companys Nevada subsidiaries and secured by their assets. On March 15, 2011, approximately US$52 million of the proceeds from the 2011 Facility provided by Credit Suisse were applied to fully pay and settle these notes. | |
| 3. |
The principal debt amounts will be repaid in equal monthly installments over a period of 12 to 13 months and bear interest at rates between 6.5% and 22.4% on outstanding capital. The finance leases are collateralized by the leased assets which had a carrying value of $9 million at December 31, 2010. | |
| 4. |
The asset retirement obligations are not adjusted for inflation and are not discounted. | |
| 5. |
The convertible debentures mature on November 30, 2014 and bear interest at the rate of 8% per annum. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 30 and November 30 of each year. The debentures are direct senior unsecured obligations of the Company and are guaranteed by certain of the Companys subsidiaries. | |
| 6. |
2010 Facility | |
|
In May 2010, the Company closed a $50 million (US$47 million) term loan facility agreement (the 2010 Facility) with Credit Suisse, and subsequently increased the 2010 Facility by $25.7 million (US$25 million) in August 2010. The 2010 Facility has a maximum term of 4 years from date of draw down and will be repaid in 13 quarterly consecutive instalments, commencing on May 26, 2011, 12 months after initial draw down. The 2010 Facility bears interest at a margin of 4% over the USD LIBOR rate. The Company applied the interest rate in effect on December 31, 2010 in determining the value of future payments. The Company has the option to retire the loan 12 months after draw down at no additional cost. The Burnstone project and certain subsidiary guarantees serve as security for the 2010 Facility. |
|
92 | Annual Information Form and Form 40-F |
2011 Facility
|
The Company closed the $69 million (US$70 million) 2011 Facility with Credit Suisse on March 15, 2011. The 2011 Facility was increased from its original principal amount of $59 million (US$60 million) to $69 million (US$70 million) to maximize leverage from what the Companys management considers to be a low-cost facility. The 2011 Facility has been fully drawn down and has a term of 4 years, is repayable in quarterly instalments commencing September 2011, and bears interest at a premium of 3.75% over the 3 month US LIBOR rate. It is secured by the Companys Nevada assets. The related zero cost collar hedging program was to originally consist of a total of approximately 105,000 ounces of gold spread over a 4 year term, but has been expanded to cover a total of approximately 117,000 ounces of gold in light of the increase in the principal amount of the 2011 Facility. | ||
| 7. |
Other obligations include nominal exploration and environmental obligations. |

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
2010 AND 2009
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, unless otherwise stated)
1
Managements Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The management of Great Basin Gold Ltd. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The United States Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) define this as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Companys principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Companys Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010. In making this assessment, the Companys management used the criteria, established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
Based upon this assessment, management concluded that the Companys internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2010.
The effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2010 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, our independent auditors, as stated in their report which appears herein.
| /s/ Ferdinand Dippenaar | /s/ Lourens A. van Vuuren | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | Chief Financial Officer |
Vancouver, British Columbia
March 15, 2011
2
| |
||
| PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP | ||
| Chartered Accountants | ||
| PricewaterhouseCoopers Place | ||
| 250 Howe Street, Suite 700 | ||
| Vancouver, British Columbia | ||
| Canada V6C 3S7 | ||
| Telephone +1 604 806 7000 | ||
| Facsimile +1 604 806 7806 |
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS REPORT
To the Shareholders of Great Basin Gold Ltd.
We have completed integrated audits of Great Basin Gold Ltd.s 2010 and 2009 consolidated financial statements and its internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2010. Our opinions, based on our audits, are presented below.
Report on the consolidated financial statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Great Basin Gold Ltd. which comprise the consolidated balance sheets as at December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, shareholders equity and deficit and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes including a summary of significant accounting policies.
Managements responsibility for the consolidated financial statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
Auditors responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform an audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement. Canadian generally accepted auditing standards also require that we comply with ethical requirements.
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence, on a test basis, about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditors judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the companys preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion on the consolidated financial statements.
PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership, or, as the context requires, the PricewaterhouseCoopers global network or other member firms of the network, each of which is a separate legal entity.
| |
Opinion
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Great Basin Gold Ltd. as at December 31, 2010 and 2009 and the results of its operations and cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles.
Report on internal control over financial reporting
We have also audited Great Basin Gold Ltd.s internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
Managements responsibility for internal control over financial reporting
Management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Managements Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.
Auditors responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the companys internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
An audit of internal control over financial reporting includes obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we consider necessary in the circumstances.
We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion on the companys internal control over financial reporting.
Definition of internal control over financial reporting
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership, or, as the context requires, the PricewaterhouseCoopers global network or other member firms of the network, each of which is a separate legal entity.
| |
Inherent limitations
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Opinion
In our opinion, Great Basin Gold Ltd. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2010 based on criteria established in Internal Control -Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Chartered Accountants
Vancouver, BC
March 15, 2011
PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership, or, as the context requires, the PricewaterhouseCoopers global network or other member firms of the network, each of which is a separate legal entity.
GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||||
| Note | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||
| $ '000 | $ '000 | ||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||
| Current assets | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 5 | $ | 12,855 | $ | 89,464 | ||||
| Amounts receivable | 6 | 9,340 | 5,053 | ||||||
| Inventory | 7 | 18,440 | 26,312 | ||||||
| Available-for-sale financial instruments | 8 | | 4,961 | ||||||
| Held-for-trading financial instruments | 9 | | 207 | ||||||
| Other assets | 1,283 | 865 | |||||||
| 41,918 | 126,862 | ||||||||
| Loans due from related parties | 10(a) | 13,372 | | ||||||
| Property, plant and equipment | 11 | 512,384 | 191,474 | ||||||
| Reclamation deposits | 12 | 4,719 | 4,590 | ||||||
| Restricted cash | 13 | | 2,439 | ||||||
| Mineral property interests | 14 | 245,650 | 222,919 | ||||||
| Total Assets | $ | 818,043 | $ | 548,284 | |||||
| Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity | |||||||||
| Current liabilities | |||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 15 | $ | 61,732 | $ | 29,206 | ||||
| Current portion of long term borrowings | 16 | 53,516 | 43,768 | ||||||
| Current portion of other liabilities | 18 | 278 | | ||||||
| 115,526 | 72,974 | ||||||||
| Long term borrowings | 16 | 156,062 | 86,948 | ||||||
| Future income taxes | 17 | 18,939 | 10,659 | ||||||
| Other liabilities | 18 | 12,419 | | ||||||
| Site reclamation obligations | 19 | 5,660 | 3,990 | ||||||
| 193,080 | 101,597 | ||||||||
| Shareholders' equity | |||||||||
| Share capital | 709,449 | 567,596 | |||||||
| Warrants | 6,108 | 13,104 | |||||||
| Contributed surplus | 86,540 | 83,267 | |||||||
| Deficit | (294,625 | ) | (265,713 | ) | |||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | 1,965 | (24,541 | ) | ||||||
| 509,437 | 373,713 | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity | $ | 818,043 | $ | 548,284 |
| Segment disclosure | 23 | ||||||||
| Subsequent events | 24 |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
Approved by the Board of Directors
| /s/ Ferdinand Dippenaar | /s/ Ronald W. Thiessen |
| Ferdinand Dippenaar | Ronald W. Thiessen |
| Chief Executive Officer | Director |
6
GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD.
Consolidated Statements of
Operations and Comprehensive Loss
| Year ended | Year ended | ||||||||
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||||
| Note | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||
| $ '000 | $ '000 | ||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 99,706 | $ | 33,738 | |||||
| (Expenses) income | |||||||||
| Production cost | (70,326 | ) | (20,615 | ) | |||||
| Depletion charge | (8,444 | ) | (3,262 | ) | |||||
| Exploration expenses | (10,450 | ) | (16,592 | ) | |||||
| Pre-development expenses | (13,397 | ) | (25,869 | ) | |||||
| Corporate and administrative cost | (7,630 | ) | (7,501 | ) | |||||
| Corporate social responsibility | | (1,084 | ) | ||||||
| Environmental impact study | (2,580 | ) | (982 | ) | |||||
| Foreign exchange gain - net | 4,641 | 2,549 | |||||||
| Salaries and compensation | |||||||||
| Salaries and wages | (7,528 | ) | (6,628 | ) | |||||
| Stock-based compensation | 20(b) | (4,887 | ) | (8,284 | ) | ||||
| Loss before the undernoted and income taxes | (20,895 | ) | (54,530 | ) | |||||
| Interest expense | (64 | ) | (144 | ) | |||||
| Interest income | 1,827 | 2,911 | |||||||
| Net realized gain on available-for-sale financial instruments | 8 | 489 | | ||||||
| Net realized loss on held-for-trading financial instruments | 9 | (67 | ) | | |||||
| Net unrealized gain (loss) on held-for-trading financial instruments | 86 | (2,215 | ) | ||||||
| Net unrealized loss on held-for-trading financial instruments recognized | 18(b) | (3,606 | ) | | |||||
| Net unrealized market-to-market adjustments on held-for-trading financial instruments | 18(b) | (6,860 | ) | | |||||
| Loss before income taxes | (29,090 | ) | (53,978 | ) | |||||
| Taxes recovered (paid) | 17 | 9 | (8 | ) | |||||
| Future income tax recovery | 17 | 169 | 5,540 | ||||||
| Loss for the year | $ | (28,912 | ) | $ | (48,446 | ) | |||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | |||||||||
| Unrealized gain on available-for-sale financial instruments | 8 | 603 | 3,026 | ||||||
| Realized gain on available-for-sale financial instruments upon transfer | 8 | (1,530 | ) | | |||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) on foreign exchange translation of self-sustaining foreign operations | 27,433 | (27,780 | ) | ||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 26,506 | $ | (24,754 | ) | ||||
| Total comprehensive loss for the year | $ | (2,406 | ) | $ | (73,200 | ) | |||
| Basic and diluted loss per share | $ | (0.08 | ) | $ | (0.16 | ) | |||
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding (thousands) | 358,711 | 310,068 |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
7
GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD.
Consolidated Statements of
Shareholders' Equity and Deficit
| Year ended | Year ended | ||||||||||||||
| Note | December 31, 2010 | December 31, 2009 | |||||||||||||
| $ '000 | $ '000 | ||||||||||||||
| Number of | Number of | ||||||||||||||
| Common shares | shares | shares | |||||||||||||
| (thousands) | (thousands) | ||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of the year | 334,158 | $ | 567,596 | 215,167 | $ | 428,657 | |||||||||
| Equity line: shares issued for cash, net of share issue costs | - | - | 2,847 | 3,911 | |||||||||||
| Public offering: shares issued for cash, net of share issue costs | - | - | 115,000 | 132,700 | |||||||||||
| Share purchase options exercised | 20(b) | 6,085 | 14,308 | 1,124 | 2,293 | ||||||||||
| Share purchase warrants exercised | 20(c) | 59,504 | 100,290 | - | - | ||||||||||
| Shares issued for early settlement of senior secured notes | 20(f) | 2,234 | 3,910 | - | - | ||||||||||
| Shares issued for settlement of senior secured notes | 20(g) | 1,461 | 4,102 | - | - | ||||||||||
| Shares issued on settlement of Rusaf contingent payment requirement | 20(e) | 10,573 | 19,243 | - | - | ||||||||||
| Shares issued for mineral properties | - | - | 20 | 35 | |||||||||||
| Balance, end of year | 414,015 | $ | 709,449 | 334,158 | $ | 567,596 | |||||||||
| Number of | Number of | ||||||||||||||
| Share purchase warrants | warrants | warrants | |||||||||||||
| (thousands) | (thousands) | ||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of the year | 86,178 | $ | 13,104 | 49,180 | $ | 24,006 | |||||||||
| Warrants issued pursuant to senior secured notes | - | - | 8,248 | - | |||||||||||
| Warrants issued pursuant to public offering, net of share issue costs | - | - | 57,500 | 5,308 | |||||||||||
| Exercised, credited to share capital | 20(c) | (59,504 | ) | (5,811 | ) | - | - | ||||||||
| Expired | 20(c) | (1,756 | ) | (1,185 | ) | (28,750 | ) | (16,210 | ) | ||||||
| Balance, end of year | 24,918 | $ | 6,108 | 86,178 | $ | 13,104 | |||||||||
| Contributed surplus | |||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of the year | $ | 83,267 | $ | 21,600 | |||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 20(b) | 7,469 | 12,104 | ||||||||||||
| Share purchase options exercised, credited to share capital | (5,212 | ) | (808 | ) | |||||||||||
| Fair value of share purchase warrants expired | 1,185 | 16,210 | |||||||||||||
| Future income tax on expired share purchase warrants | (169 | ) | (1,294 | ) | |||||||||||
| Convertible bond equity component | - | 35,455 | |||||||||||||
| Balance, end of year | $ | 86,540 | $ | 83,267 | |||||||||||
| Deficit | |||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of the year | $ | (265,713 | ) | $ | (217,267 | ) | |||||||||
| Net loss for the year | (28,912 | ) | (48,446 | ) | |||||||||||
| Balance, end of year | $ | (294,625 | ) | $ | (265,713 | ) | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | |||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of the year | $ | (24,541 | ) | $ | 213 | ||||||||||
| Unrealized gain on available-for-sale financial instruments | 603 | 3,026 | |||||||||||||
| Realized gain on available-for-sale financial instruments upon transfer | (1,530 | ) | - | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated unrealized gain on foreign exchange translation of self- sustaining foreign operations | 27,433 | (27,780 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Balance, end of year | $ | 1,965 | $ | (24,541 | ) | ||||||||||
| Total accumulated comprehensive loss and deficit, end of year | (292,660 | ) | (290,254 | ) | |||||||||||
| TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | $ | 509,437 | $ | 373,713 | |||||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
8
GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD.
Consolidated Statements of Cash
Flows
| Year ended | Year ended | |||||
| December 31 | December 31 | |||||
| 2010 | 2009 | |||||
| $ '000 | $ '000 | |||||
| Operating activities | ||||||
| Loss for the year | $ | (28,912 | ) | $ | (48,446 | ) |
| Items not involving cash | ||||||
| Production non-cash charges | 4,213 | 1,034 | ||||
| Pre-development non-cash charges | 1,077 | 2,791 | ||||
| Exploration non-cash charges | 291 | 313 | ||||
| Depreciation | 226 | 152 | ||||
| Future income tax recovery | (169 | ) | (5,540 | ) | ||
| Loss on sale of assets | | 15 | ||||
| Net realized gain on available-for-sale financial instruments | (489 | ) | | |||
| Net realized loss on held-for-trading financial instruments | 67 | | ||||
| Unrealized (gain) loss on held-for-trading financial instruments | (86 | ) | 2,215 | |||
| Unrealized loss on held-for-trading financial instruments recognized | 3,606 | | ||||
| Unrealized mark-to-market adjustments on held-for-trading financial instruments | 6,860 | | ||||
| Mineral properties written off | | 154 | ||||
| Non-cash stock-based compensation expense | 4,887 | 8,284 | ||||
| Unrealized foreign exchange gain | (6,613 | ) | (3,953 | ) | ||
| Depletion | 8,444 | 3,179 | ||||
| Interest expense accrual | 64 | 120 | ||||
| Interest income accrual | (227 | ) | (519 | ) | ||
| Changes in non-cash operating working capital | ||||||
| Amounts receivable | (5,200 | ) | (881 | ) | ||
| Prepaid expenses | (408 | ) | 27 | |||
| Inventory | 6,812 | (14,846 | ) | |||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 4,432 | 651 | ||||
| Cash used in operating activities | (1,125 | ) | (55,250 | ) | ||
| Investing activities | ||||||
| Mineral property acquisition costs | (51 | ) | (61 | ) | ||
| Net proceeds on sale of financial instruments | 3,527 | | ||||
| Proceeds on sale of assets | | 64 | ||||
| Additions to property, plant and equipment | (229,478 | ) | (118,187 | ) | ||
| Net additions to restricted cash | (6,204 | ) | | |||
| Additional amount advanced under loan agreement | (1,072 | ) | | |||
| Reclamation deposits | (62 | ) | (1,795 | ) | ||
| Cash used in investing activities | (233,340 | ) | (119,979 | ) | ||
| Financing activities | ||||||
| Common shares and warrants issued for cash, net of issue costs | 103,500 | 143,403 | ||||
| Net proceeds received from long term borrowings | 72,478 | 119,906 | ||||
| Repayment of long term borrowings | (2,242 | ) | (33,884 | ) | ||
| Payment of interest on convertible debentures | (10,513 | ) | | |||
| Early settlement of 6,925 senior secured notes | (4,569 | ) | | |||
| Advances to related parties | | (230 | ) | |||
| Cash generated from financing activities | 158,654 | 229,195 | ||||
| (Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (75,811 | ) | 53,966 | |||
| Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | 89,464 | 33,549 | ||||
| Foreign exchange movement on cash and cash equivalents | (798 | ) | 1,949 | |||
| Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | $ | 12,855 | $ | 89,464 |
Refer to note 21 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for supplementary information to the cash flow statement.
9
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 1. |
Nature of operations |
|
Great Basin Gold Ltd. (Great Basin or the Company) is incorporated under the laws of the Province of British Columbia and is a mineral exploration and development company that is currently focused on delivering two advanced stage projects: the Hollister Project on the Carlin Trend in Nevada, USA and the Burnstone Project in the Witwatersrand Goldfields in South Africa. The Company, currently recognized as an emerging producer, will migrate to the rank of a junior gold producer as production from these two projects increase during 2011 and 2012. Over and above the exploration being conducted at the above mentioned properties, greenfields exploration is being undertaken in Tanzania and Mozambique. | |
| 2. |
Basis of preparation and principles of consolidation |
|
These consolidated financial statements (financial statements) have been prepared in accordance with Canadian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (Canadian GAAP), which, as described in note 25, differ in certain respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. | |
|
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied in all years presented, unless otherwise stated. | |
|
These financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Subsidiaries: are those entities in which the Company has an interest of more than one half of the voting rights or otherwise has power to govern the financial and operating policies. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is acquired and are no longer consolidated when control ceases. | |
|
The purchase method of accounting is used to account for the acquisition of subsidiaries. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets given up, shares issued or liabilities undertaken at the date of acquisition plus costs directly attributable to the acquisition. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at acquisition date. | |
|
The excess of the cost of acquisition over the fair value of the Companys share of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. | |
| 3. |
Significant accounting policies |
|
(a) Cash and cash equivalents | |
|
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid investments, having maturity dates of three months or less from the date of acquisition, that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash. |
10
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 3. |
Significant accounting policies (continued) |
(b) Amounts receivable
Amounts receivable are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment. A provision for impairment of receivables is established when there is objective evidence that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due, according to the original terms of receivables.
The amount of the provision is the difference between the assets carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the effective interest rate. The amount of the provision is recognized in profit or loss.
(c) Inventory
Inventories, which include work in progress, unprocessed ore and stores and materials, are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated cost of completion and the estimated cost necessary to perform the sale. Work in progress consists of precious metals in production and unrefined precious metals, which are valued at the average production costs plus allocated overhead expenses. Unprocessed ore consists of surface stockpiles and is valued at the average production costs plus allocated overhead expenses. Stores and materials consist of consumables and are valued at the weighted average cost.
(d) Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated amortization.
Capitalized mine development costs include expenditures incurred to develop new orebodies, following the receipt of all necessary permits and licenses to permit commercial mining activities. Mine development costs are capitalized to the extent they provide access to gold bearing deposits and have future economic benefit.
Depreciation, depletion and amortization of mine development costs are computed by the units-of-production method based on estimated proven and probable mineral reserves. Proven and probable mineral reserves reflect estimated quantities of economically recoverable reserves which can be recovered in the future from known mineral deposits. These reserves are amortized from the date on which mining begins.
Amortization of equipment used directly on exploration projects is included in exploration expenses.
Other assets are depreciated over their estimated useful lives on a straight line basis and have been calculated as follows:
| Buildings, including fixtures and improvements | 10 years | |
| Site equipment | 3 7 years | |
| Leased assets | 3 7 years | |
| Vehicles | 3 7 years | |
| Computers | 3 years | |
| Office furniture and fixtures | 5 years |
11
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 3. |
Significant accounting policies (continued) |
(d) Property, plant and equipment (continued)
Land and assets under construction are not depreciated.
Borrowing costs are allocated to the construction of any qualifying asset and are capitalized during the period of time that is required to complete and prepare the asset for its intended use.
(e) Mineral property interests
The Company capitalizes mineral property acquisition costs on a property-by-property basis. Mineral property acquisition costs are subject to impairment tests for long lived assets.
Exploration expenditures are charged to profit or loss as incurred.
Pre-development costs incurred prior to a development decision and the receipt of all necessary permits and licenses for commercial mining operations are charged to profit or loss as incurred.
Development expenditures incurred subsequent to the commencement of commercial production to increase productive capacity or to extend the life of existing production are capitalized under mine development costs.
Mineral property acquisition costs include the cash consideration and the fair market value of common shares issued for mineral property interests, based on the trading price of the shares at the time the acquisition is closed. Payments relating to a property acquired under an option or joint venture agreement, where such payments are made at the sole discretion of the Company, are recorded in the accounts upon payment.
Administrative expenditures are expensed as incurred.
(f) Impairment of non-financial assets
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The recoverable amount is determined on the basis of estimated undiscounted future cash flows to be derived from the asset group.
Mineral property acquisition costs capitalized in early stage exploration projects are evaluated based on available technical data with reference to market related resource ounce prices.
If the recoverable amount is less than the carrying value of the asset group, the fair value of the asset group is estimated. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the assets carrying amount exceeds its estimated fair value.
For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows.
(g) Income taxes
The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, future income tax assets and liabilities are computed based on differences between the carrying amount of existing assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and their corresponding tax values, using the substantively enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.
12
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 3. |
Significant accounting policies (continued) |
(g) Income taxes (continued)
Future tax assets are recognized to the extent that they are considered more likely than not to be realized. The carrying value of future income tax assets is adjusted, if necessary, by the use of a valuation allowance to reflect the estimated realizable amount.
(h) Site reclamation obligations
Estimated long-term asset retirement obligations, comprising continuous pollution control during the reclamation process, rehabilitation and mine closure, are based on the Company's environmental management plans in compliance with current technological, environmental and regulatory requirements.
The net present values of expected rehabilitation cost estimates are recognized and provided for in full in the financial statements. The estimates are reviewed annually and are discounted using rates that reflect inflation and the time value of money. The discount rate used is based on a pre-tax credit adjusted risk-free rate that is adjusted to reflect the current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. Annual changes in the provision consist of finance costs relating to the change in the present value of the provision and inflationary increases in the provision estimate, as well as changes in estimates.
The present value of environmental disturbances created as well as changes to estimates are expensed under operating expenses against an increase in the rehabilitation provision for those projects for which a decision to develop has not been taken. Change in estimates for projects in the development phase is capitalized and amortised over the life of mine on the units-of-production method. Rehabilitation costs incurred that are included in the estimates are charged to the provision. The cost of ongoing current programmes to prevent and control pollution is charged against income as incurred.
(i) Share capital
The Company records proceeds from share issuances net of issue costs. Shares issued for consideration other than cash or in a business combination are valued at the quoted market price on the date issued.
(j) Loss per common share
Basic loss per common share is calculated by dividing the loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. For all years presented, loss available to common shareholders equals the reported loss.
Diluted loss per common share is calculated using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used for the calculation of diluted loss per share assumes that the proceeds to be received on the exercise of dilutive share options and warrants are used to repurchase common shares at the average market price during the year.
In years when the Company records a net loss, the effect of the stock options and warrants would be anti-dilutive and accordingly basic and diluted loss per share are the same.
13
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 3. |
Significant accounting policies (continued) |
(k) Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
Significant areas requiring the use of management estimates relate to impairment of mineral property interests, valuation of inventories, allocation of purchase price consideration to the fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities acquired, the determination of amortization, depletion and accretion, determination of reclamation obligations, the determination of the fair values of financial instruments, assumptions used in determining the fair value of non-cash stock-based compensation, warrants and derivatives, determination of valuation allowances for future income tax liabilities, estimated market related interest rate used to calculate the equity component of compound financial instruments and allocation of indirect mining and overhead expenses to production and development costs. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
(l) Segment disclosure
The primary reporting format of the Company is by business segment. As there is only one business segment, being the exploration and development of mineral properties, relevant disclosures are given in the financial statements.
The secondary reporting format is by geographical analysis by origin (refer note 23). The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the accounting policy notes to the Companys financial statements.
(m) Stock-based compensation
The Company has an equity-settled, stock-based compensation plan, where the Company grants stock options to certain employees and non-employees. Non-employees are those individuals over whom the Company does not exercise, nor have the right to exercise, sufficient control to establish an employer-employee relationship as determined by law.
For employees, equity stock-based payments are measured at the fair value of the equity instruments at the date of grant.
The deferred stock-based compensation is expensed over the vesting period using the graded method, based on the Companys estimate of the shares that are expected to eventually vest. For non-employees equity stock-based payments are measured at fair value of the equity instruments over the vesting periods, the expense of which is being recognized on each vesting date.
The Company used the Black Scholes option pricing model in determining the fair value of the options granted. At each balance sheet date, the Company revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to become exercisable. It recognizes the impact of the revision of original estimates, if any, in profit or loss, with a corresponding adjustment to equity. Consideration received on the exercise of stock options is recorded as share capital and the related contributed surplus is transferred to share capital.
14
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 3. |
Significant accounting policies (continued) |
(m) Stock-based compensation (continued)
When unvested options are forfeited the Company reverses previously recognized charges to profit or loss. The value of vested options remains in contributed surplus.
(n) Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable to the extent that it is probable that economic benefits will flow to the Company and revenue can be reliably measured.
The sale of gold and other precious metals, including metal bearing ore, is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products are transferred to the buyer.
(o) Long-term borrowings
Borrowings are initially recognized at fair value net of transaction cost incurred and subsequently measured at amortized cost, and are amortized to the repayment amount over the expected term to repayment using the effective interest method.
A compound financial instrument is a debt security with an embedded conversion option, such as a convertible bond, and requires the separate recognition of the liability and equity component. The fair value of the liability portion of a convertible bond is determined using a market interest rate for an equivalent nonconvertible bond. This amount is recorded as a liability on an amortized cost basis until extinguished on conversion or maturity of the bonds. The remainder of the proceeds is allocated to the conversion option and is recognized under contributed surplus. Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the balance sheet date.
(p) Leased assets
Assets subject to finance leases are capitalized at the lower of fair value or present value of minimum lease payments measured at inception of the lease with the related lease obligation recognized at the same amount. Capitalized lease assets are depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Finance lease payments are allocated using the rate implicit in the lease, which is included in finance costs, and the capital repayment, which reduces the liability to the lessor.
Operating lease rentals are charged against operating profits on a straight line basis related to the period the assets concerned will be used.
(q) Foreign currency translation
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Companys subsidiaries are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the functional currency).
The Companys integrated foreign operations translate monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency into Canadian dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are translated at historical exchange rates.
15
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 3. |
Significant accounting policies (continued) |
(q) Foreign currency translation (continued)
Revenues and expenses, except amortization, are translated at the average exchange rates for the period. Amortization is translated at the same exchange rate as the assets to which it relates. Gains or losses on translation are recorded in profit or loss.
Translation differences on non-monetary items, such as equities held at fair value through profit or loss, are reported as part of their fair value gain or loss. Translation differences on non-monetary items, such as equities classified as available-for-sale financial assets, are included in other comprehensive income in equity.
The results and financial position of all self sustaining entities (none of which has the currency of a hyperinflationary economy) that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:
| | assets and liabilities for each balance sheet presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of that balance sheet; | |
| | income and expenses for each income statement presented are translated at monthly average exchange rates (unless this average is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the rates prevailing at the date of the transaction); and | |
| | all resulting exchange differences are recognized as a separate component of equity (accumulated other comprehensive income). |
When a foreign operation is sold, such exchange differences are recognized in the income statement as part of the gain or loss on sale.
The functional currency of the Burnstone property is the South African Rand (ZAR) and for the Hollister and Esmeralda properties it is the United States Dollar (US$). The Canadian Dollar is the presentation currency for the Company.
(r) Financial instruments
Financial instruments are initially measured at fair value when the Company becomes a party to their contractual arrangements. Transaction costs are included in the initial measurement of financial instruments, except financial instruments classified as at fair value through profit and loss. The subsequent measurement of financial instruments is dealt with below.
A financial liability is derecognized when the obligation under the liability is discharged, cancelled or expires.
On derecognition of a financial liability, the difference between the carrying amount of the liability extinguished or transferred to another party and the amount paid is included in income or loss.
Cash and cash equivalents are non-derivative financial assets which consist of cash and highly liquid investments and are readily convertible to known amounts of cash.
These held-for-trading financial assets are recognized at fair value and are included in current assets.
16
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 3. |
Significant accounting policies (continued) |
(r) Financial instruments (continued)
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They arise when the Company provides money, goods or services directly to a debtor with no intention of trading the receivable. They are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the balance sheet date. These are classified as non-current assets.
Available-for-sale financial assets are non-derivatives that are either designated in this category or not classified in any of the other categories. They are included in non-current assets unless management intends to dispose of the investment within 12 months of the balance sheet date. Purchases and sales of investments are recognized on trade-date, the date on which the Company commits to purchase or sell the asset.
Investments are initially recognized at cost plus transaction costs for all financial assets. Investments are derecognized when sold. Available-for-sale financial assets are subsequently carried at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value of investments classified as available-for-sale are recognized in equity. When securities classified as available-for-sale are sold or impaired, the accumulated fair value adjustments are included in profit or loss. The fair values of quoted investments are based on current bid prices.
These include the use of recent arms length transactions, reference to other instruments that are substantially the same, discounted cash flow analysis, and option pricing models refined to reflect the issuers specific circumstances. The Company assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. In the case of equity securities classified as available-for-sale, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the security below its cost is considered in determining whether the securities are impaired. If, in the opinion of the directors, an other than temporary decline in value exists for available-for-sale financial assets, the cumulative loss measured as the difference between the acquisition cost and the current fair value, less any impairment loss on that financial asset previously recognized in profit or loss is removed from equity and recognized in profit or loss.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss have been categorized as 'financial assets held-for-trading'. A financial asset is classified in this category if acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the short term or if so designated by management. Derivatives are also categorized as 'held-for-trading' unless they are designated as hedges. Assets in this category are classified as current assets if they are either held for trading or are expected to be realized within 12 months of the balance sheet date.
The fair value of derivative contracts qualifying as fair value hedges are reflected as assets or liabilities in the balance sheet. Changes in fair value are recorded in current earnings (loss) in the Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss in each period, consistent with recording changes to the mark-to-market value of the underlying hedged asset or liability in income.
17
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 3. |
Significant accounting policies (continued) |
|
(r) Financial instruments (continued) | |
|
Financial guarantees are reflected as liabilities on the balance sheet, recognized at fair value on inception and subsequently carried at amortized cost. | |
| 4. |
Capital disclosures |
|
The Companys objectives when managing capital are: |
| | To safeguard the Companys ability to continue as a going concern, so that it can provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders, and | |
| | To provide an adequate return to shareholders. |
The Company considers the items included in the consolidated statement of shareholders equity and borrowings as capital. The Company manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in the light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets.
In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company may issue new shares through private placements and public offerings, enter into new debt arrangements, sell assets to reduce debt or return capital to shareholders.
The term facility agreement entered into (refer note 16(d)) dictates certain requirements in respect of capital management. These covenants are considered and impacts on the capital management strategies of the Company. These covenants are standard to loan agreements of this nature and include:
| | Minimum tangible net worth values | |
| | Maximum debt to equity, debt service cover and loan life cover ratios |
As at December 31, 2010, the Company complied with these requirements.
| 5. |
Cash and cash equivalents |
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Cash | $ | 2,929 | $ | 1,298 | |||
| Cash equivalents | 9,926 | 88,166 | |||||
| $ | 12,855 | $ | 89,464 |
Cash equivalents are composed of short-term investments with maturity dates of three months or less, call accounts and money market investments, which are available on 24 hour notice, and bankers acceptances which are readily convertible to known cash amounts.
18
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 6. |
Amounts receivable |
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| HST/VAT receivable | $ | 4,808 | $ | 3,388 | |||
| Trade receivables | 3,949 | 385 | |||||
| Other receivables | 583 | 1,280 | |||||
| $ | 9,340 | $ | 5,053 |
| 7. |
Inventory |
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Stores and materials | $ | 3,534 | $ | 735 | |||
| Unprocessed ore | 3,220 | 19,481 | |||||
| Precious metals in process | 11,686 | 6,096 | |||||
| $ | 18,440 | $ | 26,312 |
Production costs recognized in current loss consist of direct and indirect mining costs, overhead costs, royalties, depreciation of mining equipment and depletion of mineral properties. During the year ended December 31, 2010, stores and materials, unprocessed ore and precious metals in process of $70.3 million have been included under production cost (2009: $20.6 million) and $8.4 million under depletion charge (2009: $3.3 million).
| 8. |
Available-for-sale financial instruments |
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Balance, beginning of the year | $ | 4,961 | $ | 900 | |||
| Kryso shares | |||||||
| Addition | - | 1,035 | |||||
| Unrealized gain | 603 | 3,026 | |||||
| Disposal | (5,564 | ) | - | ||||
| Balance, end of year | $ | - | $ | 4,961 |
Kryso Resources Plc (Kryso), a mineral resources and exploration company exploring gold and precious metal deposits in Central Asia, is a publicly traded company on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange. The 24,229,895 shares were acquired over a period of 3 years at an accumulative original cost of $4 million and were subsequently revalued to their fair value of $4.9 million on December 31, 2009, which was calculated based on the closing price of GBP 12.10 pence per share and an exchange rate of $1.69:1GBP.
The Company disposed of its entire investment in Kryso during June 2010 for net proceeds of $3.5 million (GBP2.2 million). At disposal date the carrying value of the investment was $5.6 million (GBP3.6 million), which was calculated based on the closing price of GBP15.15 pence per share and an exchange rate of $1.55:1GBP.
19
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 8. |
Available-for-sale financial instruments (continued) |
|
The Company reversed unrealized fair value gains of $2.6 million (GBP1.7 million) and $1.1 million foreign exchange losses from other comprehensive income to current loss, resulting in a net realized gain of $0.5 million (GBP0.3 million) and $1.1 million foreign exchange loss being recorded in current loss. | |
| 9. |
Held-for-trading financial instruments |
| Number of | December 31 | Number of | December 31 | ||||||||||
| warrants | 2010 | warrants | 2009 | ||||||||||
| (thousands) | $000 | (thousands) | $000 | ||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of the year | 6,087 | $ | 207 | 6,087 | $ | 80 | |||||||
| Unrealized fair value (loss) gain | - | (33 | ) | - | 127 | ||||||||
| Disposal at fair value | (6,087 | ) | (174 | ) | - | - | |||||||
| Balance, end of year | - | $ | - | 6,087 | $ | 207 |
On June 23, 2010, the Company disposed of its investment in Kryso warrants for net proceeds of $0.1 million (GBP0.07 million), resulting in a net loss of $0.07 million (GBP0.04 million) recognized in current loss. The warrants were carried at fair value. Refer to note 8 for details of the investment in Kryso.
| 10. |
Related party balances and transactions |
|
Related party transactions are recorded at the exchange amount which is the amount of consideration paid or received. |
(a) Loan due from related parties
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Balance, beginning of the year | $ | - | $ | - | |||
| - Cash advances | 1,072 | - | |||||
| - Transfer from restricted cash | 11,737 | - | |||||
| Loan advanced | 12,809 | - | |||||
| Interest earned | 227 | - | |||||
| Foreign exchange | 336 | - | |||||
| Balance, end of year | $ | 13,372 | $ | - |
Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) legislation in South Africa required a target of 26% ownership in the Companys South African projects by historically disadvantaged South Africans by 2014. In order to comply with this legislation, Tranter Burnstone (Pty) Ltd. (Tranter), a BEE company, acquired 19,938,650 treasury common shares for $38 million in 2007, which was deemed equivalent to the 26% underlying value of the Burnstone Property on October 1, 2007. Tranter borrowed the funds from Investec Bank Ltd (Investec), a South African bank, to purchase the shares and Great Basin gave a loan guarantee in favour of Tranter initially limited to ZAR80 million.
20
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 10. |
Related party balances and transactions (continued) |
(a) Loan due from related parties (continued)
Subsequently the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary Southgold Exploration (Pty) Ltd (Southgold) agreed with Investec to increase the guarantee to $21 million (ZAR140 million) to cover any shortfall in interest or principal repayments on the loan outstanding by Tranter to Investec. This revised agreement required Southgold to increase the balance in the Security Call Deposit to $12 million (ZAR80 million) and allowed for these funds to be utilized towards any advances required to be made to Tranter under the guarantee agreement (refer note 13). A loan of $13 million (ZAR 88 million) was advanced to Tranter in October 2010 under the guarantee agreement to enable Tranter to meet its interest payment obligation to Investec. The amount set aside in the escrow account was used to partially fulfill this obligation.
As a result of this loan the remaining Tranter guarantee is now reduced to $6.9 million (ZAR52 million (refer note 18(a)). Any advances to Tranter under this guarantee are due to be repaid by Tranter in installments from 2014 to 2017, with interest accruing at the South African prime interest rate plus 2%. Security for any advances made pursuant to this guarantee includes a second charge against any shares of the Company held by Tranter (second to Investec).
(b) Reimbursement for related party expenses and services rendered
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Tranter Gold (Proprietary) Limited | $ | - | $ | (18 | ) |
Tranter Gold (Proprietary) Limited (Tranter Gold) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Tranter and has a director in common with the Company. In 2009, the Company provided Tranter Gold with certain accounting and administrative services on rates negotiated while the officer was dealing at arms length with the Company. No services were provided during the 2010 year.
| 11. |
Property, plant and equipment |
| December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||
| Accumulated | Net book | |||||||||
| Cost | amortization | value | ||||||||
| $000 | $000 | $000 | ||||||||
| Land and buildings | $ | 6,200 | $ | 223 | $ | 5,977 | ||||
| Mine infrastructure | 24,958 | 1,894 | 23,064 | |||||||
| Mine development and plant under construction | 435,255 | - | 435,255 | |||||||
| Site equipment | 51,799 | 16,439 | 35,360 | |||||||
| Leased assets | 10,250 | 1,211 | 9,039 | |||||||
| Vehicles | 1,859 | 1,255 | 604 | |||||||
| Computers | 3,612 | 932 | 2,680 | |||||||
| Office furniture and fixtures | 880 | 475 | 405 | |||||||
| $ | 534,813 | $ | 22,429 | $ | 512,384 |
21
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 11. |
Property, plant and equipment (continued) |
| December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||
| Accumulated | Net book | |||||||||
| Cost | amortization | value | ||||||||
| $000 | $000 | $000 | ||||||||
| Land and buildings | $ | 5,935 | $ | 172 | $ | 5,763 | ||||
| Mine infrastructure | 16,657 | 192 | 16,465 | |||||||
| Mine development and plant under construction | 139,792 | - | 139,792 | |||||||
| Site equipment | 33,912 | 8,607 | 25,305 | |||||||
| Leased assets | 2,545 | 392 | 2,153 | |||||||
| Vehicles | 1,812 | 894 | 918 | |||||||
| Computers | 1,352 | 712 | 640 | |||||||
| Office furniture and fixtures | 938 | 500 | 438 | |||||||
| $ | 202,943 | $ | 11,469 | $ | 191,474 |
As at December 31, 2010, $435.3 million (2009: $139.8 million), comprising of capitalized Burnstone mine development cost and plant and equipment under construction, is not being amortized.
Mine infrastructure and development include borrowing costs of $30.3 million (2009: $19.9 million) which were capitalized during the year (refer note 21).
Assets are pledged as security for long term borrowings as set-out in note 16(b), (c) and (d).
| 12. |
Reclamation deposits |
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Balance, beginning of the year | $ | 4,590 | $ | 2,887 | |||
| Guarantee Burnstone Property | 144 | 188 | |||||
| Investments Burnstone Property | 354 | 244 | |||||
| Reclamation Bond Esmeralda Property | - | 1,362 | |||||
| Reclamation Bond Hollister Property | 84 | - | |||||
| Hypothecation lifted | (400 | ) | - | ||||
| Foreign exchange | (53 | ) | (91 | ) | |||
| Balance, end of year | $ | 4,719 | $ | 4,590 |
The components of reclamation deposits on the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:
| Hollister | Burnstone | Esmeralda | |||||||||||
| Property | Property | Property | December 31, | ||||||||||
| (note 12(a)) | (note 12(b)) | (note 12(c)) | 2010 | ||||||||||
| $000 | $000 | $000 | $000 | ||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of the year | $ | 2,232 | $ | 1,104 | $ | 1,254 | $ | 4,590 | |||||
| Guarantee and investments | - | 498 | - | 498 | |||||||||
| Reclamation bond | 84 | - | - | 84 | |||||||||
| Hypothecation lifted | (400 | ) | - | - | (400 | ) | |||||||
| Foreign exchange | (93 | ) | 107 | (67 | ) | (53 | ) | ||||||
| Balance, end of year | $ | 1,823 | $ | 1,709 | $ | 1,187 | $ | 4,719 |
22
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 12. |
Reclamation deposits (continued) |
(a) Hollister Property
As at December 31, 2010, the Company had posted $1.8 million (US$1.8 million) in reclamation deposits with the United States Bureau of Land Management ("BLM") in respect of exploration drilling and trial mining on certain areas of the Hollister Property (2009: $2.2 million (US$2.1 million)).
(b) Burnstone Property
As at December 31, 2010, the Company placed investments and deposits for guarantees of $1.7 million (ZAR11.3 million) in favor of the South African Department of Mineral Resources for the reclamation of the Burnstone Property (2009: $1.1 million (ZAR7.8 million)).
(c) Esmeralda Property
As at December 31, 2010 the Company had posted cash surety and bonding of $1.2 million (US$1.2 million) in reclamation deposits with the Division of Environmental Protection of the Nevada States Department of Conservation and Natural Resources and the Forest Service of the United States Department in respect of future reclamation of the Esmeralda Property (2009: $1.3 million (US$1.2 million)).
| 13. |
Restricted cash |
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Balance, beginning of the year | $ | 2,439 | $ | 4,171 | |||
| Payment | 5,882 | - | |||||
| Interest earned | 322 | 352 | |||||
| Reverse prior year fair value adjustment | 2,423 | - | |||||
| Fair value adjustment | - | (2,342 | ) | ||||
| Loan advanced | (11,737 | ) | - | ||||
| Foreign exchange | 671 | 258 | |||||
| Balance, end of year | $ | - | $ | 2,439 |
Restricted cash represented cash on a security call deposit with Investec which has been utilized for the loan to Tranter made under the guarantee provided by the Company (refer note 10(a)) and note 18(a)).
23
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 14. |
Mineral property interests |
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Hollister Property (note 14(a)) | $ | 64,190 | $ | 75,918 | |||
| Burnstone Property (note 14(b)) | 114,111 | 107,158 | |||||
| Rusaf Property (note 14(c)) | 64,066 | 36,467 | |||||
| Esmeralda Property (note 14(d)) | 3,074 | 3,218 | |||||
| Other | 209 | 158 | |||||
| $ | 245,650 | $ | 222,919 |
(a) Hollister Property, Nevada, United States of America
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Balance, beginning of the year | $ | 75,918 | $ | 88,624 | |||
| Depletion charge | (7,930 | ) | (6,012 | ) | |||
| Foreign exchange | (3,798 | ) | (6,694 | ) | |||
| Balance, end of year | 64,190 | $ | 75,918 |
Depletion of $1.7 million relating to stockpiled tons and ounces in process was capitalized to the value of the unprocessed ore and precious metals in process (refer note 7).
The Hollister Property is pledged as security for long term borrowings as set-out in note 16(c).
(b) Burnstone Property, Mpumalanga, Republic of South Africa
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Balance, beginning of the year | $ | 107,158 | $ | 130,783 | |||
| Foreign exchange | 6,953 | (23,625 | ) | ||||
| Balance, end of year | $ | 114,111 | $ | 107,158 |
The Burnstone Property us pledged as security for long term borrowings as set-out in note 16(d).
(c) Rusaf Properties, Kurils Island and Republic of Tanzania
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Balance, beginning of the year | $ | 36,467 | $ | 36,467 | |||
| Shares issued for contingent payment requirement (note 14(c)(i)) | 7,992 | - | |||||
| Shares issued for settlement of remaining contingent payment requirement (note 14(c)(ii)) | 19,607 | - | |||||
| Balance, end of year | $ | 64,066 | $ | 36,467 |
The Rusaf Plan of Arrangement (Rusaf agreement), entered into during the second quarter of 2008, provided for additional Great Basin shares to be issued in the first three years from closing, contingent upon gold discoveries above a threshold of 500,000 ounces in size on certain mineral prospects held by GBG Rusaf Gold Limited (GBG Rusaf).
24
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 14. |
Mineral property interests (continued) |
(c) Rusaf Properties, Kurils Island and Republic of Tanzania (continued)
In the event of such discoveries, the Company would issue shares, the number of which were to be determined using the higher of closing price on date of acquisition ($3.30) or then-prevailing market price to the former GBG Rusaf shareholders on the basis of valuing these gold ounces at US$15/oz for inferred resources and US$40/oz for measured and indicated resources (subject to a minimum average cut-off grade of 1.5 grams per tonne or 0.04 oz per ton) (Contingent payment requirement).
The Company also agreed to spend a minimum of $15 million and up to a maximum of $27 million in terms of the agreement to explore the acquired properties during the first three years from closing of the transaction on April 1, 2008. The increased expenditure was contingent upon gold discoveries above a threshold of 500,000 ounces in size on certain mineral prospects held by GBG Rusaf.
| (i) |
Contingent payment requirement In connection with this contingent payment requirement, the Company issued 3,073,773 shares in January 2010 with a total value of $5.5 million, which was charged as amortization and capitalized in accordance with the Companys policy. The Company recorded $7.9 million as mineral properties, consisting of $5.5 million relating to the share issuance and a $2.4 million future income tax liability (refer note 20(e) and note 17). | |
| (ii) |
Settlement of remaining contingent payment requirement The terms of the contingent payment requirement were amended and the remaining contingent payment was settled in full through the issuance of 7.5 million shares in June 2010, with a total value of $13.7 million, which was charged as amortization and capitalized in accordance with the Companys policy (refer note 20(e)). The Company recorded $19.6 million as mineral properties, consisting of $13.7 million relating to the share issuance and a $5.9 million future income tax liability (refer note 17). |
(d) Esmeralda Property, Nevada, United States of America
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Balance, beginning of the year | $ | 3,218 | $ | 3,763 | |||
| Transfer tax and filing fees | - | 5 | |||||
| Reclamation asset | 29 | (34 | ) | ||||
| Foreign exchange | (173 | ) | (516 | ) | |||
| Balance, end of year | $ | 3,074 | $ | 3,218 |
The Esmeralda Property is pledged as security for long term borrowings as set-out in note 16(c).
25
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 15. |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Trade payables | $ | 9,165 | $ | 7,317 | |||
| Accrued liabilities | 50,875 | 21,077 | |||||
| Leave liability | 1,692 | 812 | |||||
| $ | 61,732 | $ | 29,206 |
| 16. |
Long term borrowings |
|
Non-current portion of long term borrowings |
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $ 000 | $ 000 | ||||||
| Convertible debentures (note16(a)) | $ | 91,677 | $ | 86,304 | |||
| Finance lease liabilities (note 16(b)) | 436 | 644 | |||||
| Term facility agreement (note 16(d)) | 63,949 | - | |||||
| $ | 156,062 | $ | 86,948 |
Current portion of long term borrowings
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $ 000 | $ 000 | ||||||
| Finance lease liabilities (note 16(b)) | $ | 6,955 | $ | 724 | |||
| Senior secured notes (note 16(c)) | 40,101 | 43,044 | |||||
| Term facility agreement (note 16(d)) | 6,460 | - | |||||
| $ | 53,516 | $ | 43,768 |
Aggregate future payments, inclusive of interest
| Less than 1 year | 1 5 years | More than 5 | ||||||||
| years | ||||||||||
| Convertible debentures (note 16(a)) | $ | 10,120 | $ | 156,438 | $ | - | ||||
| Finance lease liabilities (note 16(b)) | 7,757 | 418 | - | |||||||
| Senior secured notes (note 16(c)) | 55,410 | - | - | |||||||
| Term facility agreement (note 16(d)) | 10,416 | 69,602 | - | |||||||
| Total financial liabilities | $ | 83,703 | $ | 226,458 | $ | - |
26
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 16. |
Long term borrowings (continued) |
(a) Convertible debentures
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Balance, beginning of the year | $ | 86,304 | $ | - | |||
| Principal amount | - | 126,500 | |||||
| Transaction cost | - | (6,594 | ) | ||||
| Equity component | - | (35,455 | ) | ||||
| Liability component | 86,304 | 84,451 | |||||
| Amortized interest expense | 15,886 | 1,853 | |||||
| Interest payments | (10,513 | ) | - | ||||
| Balance, end of year | $ | 91,677 | $ | 86,304 |
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Non-current | $ | 91,677 | $ | 86,304 | |||
| Current | - | - | |||||
| $ | 91,677 | $ | 86,304 |
An aggregate of $126.5 million principal amount of 8% senior unsecured convertible debentures at a price of $1,000 per Debenture were issued on November 12, 2009. The Debentures mature on November 30, 2014 (the Maturity date) and bear interest at the rate of 8% per annum. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 30 and November 30 of each year. The Debentures are direct senior unsecured obligations of the Company and are guaranteed by certain of the Companys subsidiaries.
Holders may convert their Debentures into Common Shares at any time prior to maturity based on an initial conversion ratio of 465.1163 Common Shares per $1,000 principal amount of Debentures (equivalent to an initial conversion price of $2.15 per Common Share).
The Debentures may not be redeemed by the Company prior to November 30, 2012. From November 30, 2012 to the Maturity Date, the Company may redeem all or a portion of the Debentures at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount being redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, if the weighted average trading price of the Common Shares exceed 135% of the conversion price for 20 consecutive trading days.
The fair value of the liability component and the equity component were calculated on issuance of the debentures. The fair value of the liability component, included in long term borrowings, was calculated using an estimated market related interest rate of 16.5% . The residual amount, representing the value of the equity component, is included in shareholders equity in contributed surplus (refer note 20(d)). The liability component continues to be presented on the amortized cost basis, until extinguished on conversion or maturity of the debentures. The equity component is calculated on the issue of the debentures and is not changed in subsequent periods.
27
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 16. |
Long term borrowings (continued) |
(b) Finance lease liability
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Balance, beginning of the year | $ | 1,368 | $ | 2,437 | |||
| Principal debt amount | 7,261 | - | |||||
| Interest expense | 598 | 120 | |||||
| Payments | (2,241 | ) | (918 | ) | |||
| Foreign exchange | 405 | (271 | ) | ||||
| Balance, end of year | $ | 7,391 | $ | 1,368 |
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Non-current | $ | 436 | $ | 644 | |||
| Current | 6,955 | 724 | |||||
| $ | 7,391 | $ | 1,368 |
During 2008 the Company financed site equipment for its Nevada operations through a finance lease agreement with Sandvik Customer Finance LLC. The principal debt amount will be repaid in 36 equal installments. Interest is charged at 6.5% on outstanding capital and is being calculated on the 15th of each month.
During 2010, the Company financed site equipment for its Burnstone Property through finance lease agreements with Sandvik Mining and Construction RSA (Proprietary) Limited. The principal amounts will be repaid in 12 equal installments and interest is charged at 22.4% on outstanding capital.
The finance leases are collateralized by the leased assets which had a carrying value of $9 million at December 31, 2010 (2009: $2.2 million) (refer note 11).
(c) Senior secured notes
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Balance, beginning of the year | $ | 43,044 | $ | 33,767 | |||
| Early settlement of 6,925 notes | (8,479 | ) | - | ||||
| Settlement of 3,000 notes | (3,859 | ) | - | ||||
| Transaction fees | (243 | ) | - | ||||
| Amortized interest expense | 12,214 | 15,104 | |||||
| Foreign exchange | (2,576 | ) | (5,827 | ) | |||
| Balance, end of year | $ | 40,101 | $ | 43,044 |
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Non-current | $ | - | $ | - | |||
| Current | 40,101 | 43,044 | |||||
| $ | 40,101 | $ | 43,044 |
28
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 16. | Long term borrowings (continued) |
(c) Senior secured notes (continued)
On December 12, 2008, the Company closed a senior secured note financing, issuing a total of 51,500 units and raising gross proceeds of US$51.5 million which netted approximately $39 million (US$32 million) following prepayment of 24 months of interest and other costs of the offering. Each unit consisted of a senior secured note (a note) in the principal amount of US$1,000 (principal) and 350 common share purchase warrants (refer note 20(c)(iii).
The fair value of the senior secured notes and associated warrants was apportioned using the relative fair value method with the fair value assigned to the warrants being recorded in equity (refer note 20(c)(iii)).
The notes bear interest of 14% per annum and are guaranteed on a joint and several basis by all of the Companys Nevada subsidiaries and collateralized by their assets, being the Hollister Property and all other Nevada assets (refer note 11, 14(a) and 14(d)) and mature at 120% of principal.
The notes contained a put option whereby the holder could put the notes to the Company for repayment after December 12, 2010. All unpaid notes mature on December 12, 2011.
The Company successfully negotiated the cancellation of the put option on 29,500 notes and settled 6,925 notes in May 2010 at a nominal loss. The $8.5 million (US$8.3 million) was settled by the issuance of 2,234,168 common shares to the note holders at a price of $1.75 (US$1.72) (refer note 20(f)) and cash payments of $4.6 million (US$4.5 million).
Through a second agreement, the put option on a further 12,000 notes was also cancelled in October 2010 and the Company settled 3,000 notes in December 2010 at 127% of principal by the issuance of 1,460,601 common shares to the note holders at a price of ≈ $2.81 (refer note 20(g)). The $4.1 million (US$4.1 million) payment consisted of the $3.9 million (US$3.8 million) settlement and the transaction fees of $0.2 (US$0.2 million). The 3,000 notes were settled at a nominal loss.
(d) Term facility agreement
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Balance, beginning of the year | $ | - | $ | - | |||
| Principal amount | 50,224 | - | |||||
| Additional amount advanced | 25,718 | - | |||||
| Accrued interest | 1,708 | - | |||||
| Facility arrangement fees | (3,464 | ) | - | ||||
| Amortized facility arrangement fees | 505 | - | |||||
| Foreign exchange | (4,282 | ) | - | ||||
| Balance, end of year | $ | 70,409 | $ | - |
29
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 16. |
Long term borrowings (continued) |
(d) Term facility agreement (continued)
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Non-current | $ | 63,949 | $ | - | |||
| Current | 6,460 | - | |||||
| $ | 70,409 | $ | - |
In May 2010, the Company closed a $50 million (US$47 million) term facility agreement (the facility) with Credit Suisse AG and subsequently increased the facility by $25.7 million (US$25 million) in August 2010.
The facility has a maximum term of 4 years from date of first draw down, will be repaid in 13 quarterly consecutive installments, commencing on May 26, 2011, 12 months after initial draw down, and bears interest at a margin of 4% over the USD LIBOR rate. Refer to note 22, Interest rate risk for details of the USD LIBOR rate.
The Company has the option to retire the loan 12 months after draw down at no additional cost. The Burnstone Property, its assets and certain subsidiary guarantees serve as security for the facility (refer note 11 and 14(b)).
The facility agreement contains certain financial covenants customary to facilities of this nature and includes borrower tangible net worth, debt to equity ratio, debt service cover ratio and a loan life cover ratio. As at December 31, 2010, the Company assessed and complied with all covenants (refer note 4).
Refer to note 18(b) for details of the hedge entered into under the facility agreement.
| 17. |
Future income taxes |
|
The estimated tax effect of the significant components within the Companys future tax liability was as follows: |
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Future income tax assets | |||||||
| Loss carry forwards | $ | 85,373 | $ | 62,721 | |||
| Equipment | 33,535 | 26,190 | |||||
| Other | - | 16,785 | |||||
| Subtotal | 118,908 | 105,696 | |||||
| Valuation allowance | (66,050 | ) | (51,068 | ) | |||
| Future income tax asset | 52,858 | 54,628 | |||||
| Future income tax liability | |||||||
| Mineral property interests | (68,688 | ) | (63,843 | ) | |||
| Senior secured debt | (1,101 | ) | (1,444 | ) | |||
| Other | (2,008 | ) | - | ||||
| Future income tax liability | (71,797 | ) | (65,287 | ) | |||
| Net future income tax liability | $ | 18,939 | $ | 10,659 |
30
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 17. |
Future income taxes (continued) |
|
Income tax expense differs from the amount that would result from applying the Canadian federal and provincial tax rates to earnings before income taxes. |
| These differences result from the following items: | |||||||
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $000 | $000 | ||||||
| Combined Canadian federal and provincial statutory rate | 28.5% | 30.0% | |||||
| Income tax recovery at statutory rates | (8,288 | ) | (16,196 | ) | |||
| Difference in foreign tax rates | (554 | ) | (1,615 | ) | |||
| Increase in valuation allowance | (2,498 | ) | 3,820 | ||||
| Other non-deductible items | (1,890 | ) | 3,735 | ||||
| Change due to foreign exchange | 1,876 | 3,989 | |||||
| Change in tax rate | 1,386 | (1,358 | ) | ||||
| Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) not included in income | 10,375 | 3,087 | |||||
| Amounts reported through equity | (169 | ) | (1,294 | ) | |||
| Other | (407 | ) | 292 | ||||
| Future income tax recovery | (169 | ) | (5,540 | ) | |||
| Income taxes (recovered) paid | (9 | ) | 8 | ||||
| (178 | ) | (5,532 | ) |
At December 31, 2010, the Company had available losses for income tax purposes in Canada totaling approximately $64.7 million (2009: $30.4 million), expiring in various years from 2011 to 2030. The Company has available resource tax pools in Canada of approximately $4.5 million (2009: $4.9 million), which may be carried forward and utilized to reduce resource income. Included in these resource tax pools is $3.1 million (2009: $3.1 million) which is successored, and consequently can only be utilized against taxable income from specific mineral properties.
At December 31, 2010, the Company had a net operating loss carry forwards and resource pools for United States income tax purposes of approximately $173.4 million (US$174.3 million) (2009: $135.4 million (US$128.8 million)) which, if not utilized to reduce United States taxable income in future periods, expire through the year 2030. These available tax losses may only be applied to offset future taxable income from the Company's current United States subsidiaries.
Approximately $9 million (US$9 million) of the above United States losses are subject to limitation under Section 382. Accordingly, the Company's ability to utilize these losses each year may be limited. Furthermore, additional ownership changes under Section 382 may have occurred, which may further limit the availability of net operating losses.
At December 31, 2010, the Company had available losses for income tax purposes in South Africa totaling approximately $18 million (ZAR120 million) (2009: $11 million (ZAR78 million)) as well as available unredeemed capital of approximately $594 million (ZAR3,932 million) (2009: $228 million (ZAR1,605 million)), which may be carried forward and utilized to reduce future resource income.
The Companys future income tax liability mainly reflects the temporary differences related to the accounting and tax values of the Groups mineral properties. These balances fluctuate mainly due to movement in recognized timing differences and foreign exchange.
31
| GREAT BASIN GOLD LTD. |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |
| For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 |
| 17. |
Future income taxes (continued) |
|
During 2010 the Company also recognized future income tax liabilities of $2.4 million and $5.9 million from the Rusaf contingent liability payment and settlement respectively, which reflects temporary differences related to the accounting and tax values of the respective entities identifiable assets and liabilities (refer note 14(c)(i) and note 14(c)(ii) respectively). | |
| 18. |
Other liabilities |
|
Non-current portion of other liabilities |
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $ 000 | $ 000 | ||||||
| Financial guarantee (note 18(a)) | $ | 2,597 | $ | - | |||
| Zero cost collar program (note 18(b)) | 9,822 | - | |||||
| $ | 12,419 | $ | - | ||||
| Current portion of other liabilities | |||||||
| December 31 | December 31 | ||||||
| 2010 | 2009 | ||||||
| $ | 000 | $ | 000 | ||||
| Zero cost collar program (note 18(b)) | $ | 278 | $ | - |
(a) Financial guarantee
The Company, through Southgold provided a guarantee to lend up to $21 million (ZAR 140 million) to Tranter to cover any shortfall in interest or principal repayments on the loan outstanding by Tranter to Investec.
The fair value of the guarantee is determined by reference to the Companys exposure to potential future losses under the guarantee. The probability of future losses under the guarantee agreement, and therefore the fair value of the guarantee, is dependent on the estimated fair value of the security granted by Tranter on grant date of the guarantee. Future assessments are not required unless a change to the contractual relationship results in a change in fair value.
Refer to note 10(a) for details of the loan advanced to Tranter under the guarantee agreement.
(b) Zero cost collar program