-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, TXYWW0aXGnHg7zTdEHoOJNecnDQ2WUXOTMdJgAXxARrpe8iBAgdqYJpwlUG2kYWq A/E7SQfuhwvcryZFqPv0DA== 0001193125-10-058205.txt : 20100316 0001193125-10-058205.hdr.sgml : 20100316 20100316144734 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001193125-10-058205 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 24 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20091231 FILED AS OF DATE: 20100316 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20100316 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000861842 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: STATE COMMERCIAL BANKS [6022] IRS NUMBER: 954274680 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-18630 FILM NUMBER: 10685121 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 777 N BROADWAY CITY: LOS ANGELES STATE: CA ZIP: 90012 BUSINESS PHONE: 2136254700 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 777 NORTH BROADWAY CITY: LOS ANGELES STATE: CA ZIP: 90012 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: CATHAY BANCORP INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19930328 10-K 1 d10k.htm FORM 10-K Form 10-K
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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

Form 10-K

 

  þ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
       For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009

 

  ¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 0-18630

 

Cathay General Bancorp

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   95-4274680

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

 

777 North Broadway,

Los Angeles, California

  90012
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(213) 625-4700

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $.01 par value

  The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Preferred Stock Purchase Rights

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.     Yes ¨    No þ

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.    Yes ¨    No þ

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes þ    No ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes ¨    No ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer ¨    Accelerated filer þ    Non-accelerated filer ¨    Smaller reporting company ¨

(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ¨    No  þ

 

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold as of the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2009) was $416,843,300. This value is estimated solely for the purposes of this cover page. The market value of shares held by Registrant’s directors, executive officers, and Employee Stock Ownership Plan have been excluded because they may be considered to be affiliates of the Registrant.

 

As of March 1, 2010, there were 78,506,305 shares of common stock outstanding.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

   

Portions of Registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating to Registrant’s 2010 Annual Meeting of Stockholders which will be filed within 120 days of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009, are incorporated by reference into Part III.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP

2009 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PART I

   3
Item 1.    Business.    3
Item 1A.    Risk Factors.    19
Item 1B.    Unresolved Staff Comments.    32
Item 2.    Properties.    32
Item 3.    Legal Proceedings.    33
Item 4.    Reserved.    33
   Executive Officers of Registrant.    33

PART II

   34
Item 5.    Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.    34
Item 6.    Selected Financial Data.    36
Item 7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.    37
Item 7A.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.    74
Item 8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.    76
Item 9.    Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.    76
Item 9A.    Controls and Procedures.    77
Item 9B.    Other Information.    79
Item 10.    Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.    79
Item 11.    Executive Compensation.    79
Item 12.    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.    79
Item 13.    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.    79
Item 14.    Principal Accounting Fees and Services.    79

PART IV

   80
Item 15.    Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.    80

SIGNATURES

   85

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

   F-1

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

   F-3

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS)/ INCOME

   F-4

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

   F-5

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

   F-7

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

   F-9


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Forward-Looking Statements

 

In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the term “Bancorp” refers to Cathay General Bancorp and the term “Bank” refers to Cathay Bank. The terms “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Bancorp and the Bank collectively. The statements in this report include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the applicable provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 regarding management’s beliefs, projections, and assumptions concerning future results and events. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provision for forward-looking statements in these provisions. All statements other than statements of historical fact are “forward-looking statements” for purposes of federal and state securities laws, including statements about anticipated future operating and financial performance, financial position and liquidity, growth opportunities and growth rates, growth plans, acquisition and divestiture opportunities, business prospects, strategic alternatives, business strategies, financial expectations, regulatory and competitive outlook, investment and expenditure plans, financing needs and availability and other similar forecasts and statements of expectation and statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Words such as “aims,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “hopes,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “projects,” “seeks,” “shall,” “should,” “will,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue,” and variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements by us are based on estimates, beliefs, projections, and assumptions of management and are not guarantees of future performance. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or projections. Such risks and uncertainties and other factors include, but are not limited to, adverse developments or conditions related to or arising from:

 

   

U.S. and international economic and market conditions;

 

   

market disruption and volatility;

 

   

current and potential future supervisory action by bank supervisory authorities and changes in laws and regulations, or their interpretations;

 

   

restrictions on dividends and other distributions by laws and regulations and by our regulators and our capital structure;

 

   

credit losses and deterioration in asset or credit quality;

 

   

availability of capital;

 

   

potential goodwill impairment;

 

   

liquidity risk;

 

   

fluctuations in interest rates;

 

   

past and future acquisitions;

 

   

inflation and deflation;

 

   

success of expansion, if any, of our business in new markets;

 

   

the soundness of other financial institutions;

 

   

real estate market conditions;

 

   

our ability to compete with competitors;

 

   

the short term and long term impact of the new Basel II capital standards and the forthcoming new capital rules to be proposed for non-Basel II U.S. banks;

 

   

our ability to retain key personnel;

 

   

successful management of reputational risk;

 

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natural disasters and geopolitical events;

 

   

general economic or business conditions in California, Asia and other regions where the Bank has operations;

 

   

restrictions on compensation paid to our executives as a result of our participation in the TARP Capital Purchase Program;

 

   

our ability to adapt to our information technology systems; and

 

   

changes in accounting standards or tax laws and regulations.

 

These and other factors are further described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (at Item 1A in particular), the Company’s other reports filed with the SEC and other filings the Company makes with the SEC from time to time. Actual results in any future period may also vary from the past results discussed in this report. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak to the date of this report. We have no intention and undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or to publicly announce any revision of any forward-looking statement to reflect future developments or events, except as required by law.

 

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PART I

 

Item 1. Business.

 

Business of Bancorp

 

Overview

 

Cathay General Bancorp is a corporation that was organized in 1990 under the laws of the State of Delaware. We are the holding company of Cathay Bank, a California state-chartered commercial bank (“Cathay Bank” or the “Bank”), six limited partnerships investing in affordable housing investments in which the Bank is the sole limited partner, and GBC Venture Capital, Inc. We also own 100% of the common stock of five statutory business trusts created for the purpose of issuing capital securities. In the future, we may become an operating company or acquire savings institutions, other banks, or companies engaged in bank-related activities and may engage in or acquire such other businesses, or activities as may be permitted by applicable law. Our principal place of business is currently located at 777 North Broadway, Los Angeles, California 90012, and our telephone number at that location is (213) 625-4700. In addition, certain of our administrative offices are located in El Monte, California and our address there is 9650 Flair Drive, El Monte, California 91731. Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market and our trading symbol is “CATY”.

 

We are regulated as a bank holding company by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or Federal Reserve Board. Cathay Bank is regulated as a California commercial bank by the California Department of Financial Institutions, or DFI, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC.

 

Subsidiaries of Bancorp

 

In addition to its wholly-owned bank subsidiary, the Bancorp has the following subsidiaries:

 

Cathay Capital Trust I, Cathay Statutory Trust I, Cathay Capital Trust II, Cathay Capital Trust III and Cathay Capital Trust IV. The Bancorp established Cathay Capital Trust I in June 2003, Cathay Statutory Trust I in September 2003, Cathay Capital Trust II in December 2003, Cathay Capital Trust III in March 2007, and Cathay Capital Trust IV in May 2007 (collectively, the “Trusts”) as wholly owned subsidiaries. The Trusts are statutory business trusts. The Trusts issued capital securities representing undivided preferred beneficial interests in the assets of the Trusts. The Trusts exist for the purpose of issuing the capital securities and investing the proceeds thereof, together with proceeds from the purchase of the common securities of the Trusts by the Bancorp, in Junior Subordinated Notes issued by the Bancorp. The Bancorp guarantees, on a limited basis, payments of distributions on the capital securities of the Trusts and payments on redemption of the capital securities of the Trusts. The Bancorp is the owner of all the beneficial interests represented by the common securities of the Trusts. The purpose of issuing the capital securities was to provide the Company with a cost-effective means of obtaining Tier 1 Capital for regulatory purposes. Because the Bancorp is not the primary beneficiary of the Trusts, the financial statements of the Trusts are not included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

 

GBC Venture Capital, Inc. The business purpose of GBC Venture Capital, Inc. is to hold equity interests (such as options or warrants) received as part of business relationships and to make equity investments in companies and limited partnerships subject to applicable regulatory restrictions.

 

Competition

 

Our primary business is to act as the holding company for the Bank. Accordingly, we face the same competitive pressures as those expected by the Bank. For a discussion of those risks, see “Business of the Bank — Competition” below under this Item 1.

 

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Employees

 

Due to the limited nature of the Bancorp’s activities as a bank holding company, the Bancorp currently does not employ any persons other than Bancorp’s management, which includes the Chief Executive Officer and President, the Chief Operating Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice Presidents, the Secretary, Assistant Secretary, and the General Counsel. See also “Business of the Bank — Employees” below under this Item 1.

 

Business of the Bank

 

General

 

Cathay Bank was incorporated under the laws of the State of California on August 22, 1961, and was licensed by the California Department of Financial Institutions (previously known as the California State Banking Department), and commenced operations as a California state-chartered bank on April 19, 1962. Cathay Bank is an insured bank under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act by the FDIC, but it is not a member of the Federal Reserve System.

 

The Bank’s head office is located in the Chinatown area of Los Angeles, at 777 North Broadway, Los Angeles, California 90012. In addition, as of December 31, 2009, the Bank had branch offices in Southern California (20 branches), Northern California (11 branches), New York (eight branches), Massachusetts (one branch), Texas (two branches), Washington (three branches), Illinois (three branch locations and one drive-through location), New Jersey (one branch), Hong Kong (one branch) and a representative office in Shanghai and in Taipei. Deposit accounts at the Hong Kong branch are not insured by the FDIC. Each branch has loan approval rights subject to the branch manager’s authorized lending limits. Current activities of the Shanghai and Taipei representative offices are limited to coordinating the transportation of documents to the Bank’s head office and performing liaison services.

 

Our primary market area is defined by the Community Reinvestment Act delineation, which includes the contiguous areas surrounding each of the Bank’s branch offices. It is the Bank’s policy to reach out and actively offer services to low and moderate income groups in the delineated branch service areas. Many of the Bank’s employees speak both English and one or more Chinese dialects or Vietnamese, and are thus able to serve the Bank’s Chinese, Vietnamese, and English speaking customers.

 

As a commercial bank, the Bank accepts checking, savings, and time deposits, and makes commercial, real estate, personal, home improvement, automobile, and other installment and term loans. From time to time, the Bank invests available funds in other interest-earning assets, such as U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities, state and municipal securities, mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, corporate bonds, and other security investments. The Bank also provides letters of credit, wire transfers, forward currency spot and forward contracts, traveler’s checks, safe deposit, night deposit, Social Security payment deposit, collection, bank-by-mail, drive-up and walk-up windows, automatic teller machines (“ATM”), Internet banking services, and other customary bank services.

 

The Bank primarily services individuals, professionals, and small to medium-sized businesses in the local markets in which its branches are located and provides commercial mortgage loans, commercial loans, Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans, residential mortgage loans, real estate construction loans, equity lines of credit; and installment loans to individuals for automobile, household, and other consumer expenditures.

 

Through Cathay Wealth Management, the Bank provides its customers the ability to trade stocks online and to purchase mutual funds, annuities, equities, bonds, and short-term money market instruments, through PrimeVest Financial Services. These products are not insured by the FDIC.

 

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Securities

 

The Bank’s securities portfolio is managed in accordance with a written Investment Policy which addresses strategies, types, and levels of allowable investments, and which is reviewed and approved by our Board of Directors on an annual basis.

 

Our investment portfolio is managed to meet our liquidity needs through proceeds from scheduled maturities and is also utilized for pledging requirements for deposits of state and local subdivisions, securities sold under repurchase agreements, and Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances. The portfolio is comprised of U.S. government agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, obligations of states and political subdivisions, corporate debt instruments, and equity securities.

 

Information concerning the carrying value, maturity distribution, and yield analysis of the Company’s securities portfolio as well as a summary of the amortized cost and estimated fair value of the Bank’s securities by contractual maturity is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K at Part II — Item 7 — “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and in Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Loans

 

The Bank’s Board of Directors and senior management establish, review, and modify the Bank’s lending policies. These policies include (as applicable) an evaluation of a potential borrower’s financial condition, ability to repay the loan, character, existence of secondary repayment source (such as guaranties), quality and availability of collateral, capital, leverage capacity of the borrower, regulatory guidelines, market conditions for the borrower’s business or project, and prevailing economic trends and conditions. Loan originations are obtained through a variety of sources, including existing customers, walk-in customers, referrals from brokers or existing customers, and advertising. While loan applications are accepted at all branches, the Bank’s centralized document department supervises the application process including documentation of loans, review of appraisals, and credit reports.

 

Commercial Mortgage Loans. Commercial mortgage loans are typically secured by first deeds of trust on commercial properties. Our commercial mortgage portfolio includes primarily commercial retail properties, shopping centers, and owner-occupied industrial facilities, and, secondarily, office buildings, multiple-unit apartments, hotels, and multi-tenanted industrial properties.

 

The Bank also makes medium-term commercial mortgage loans which are generally secured by commercial or industrial buildings where the borrower uses the property for business purposes or derives income from tenants.

 

Commercial Loans. The Bank provides financial services to diverse commercial and professional businesses in its market areas. Commercial loans consist primarily of short-term loans (normally with a maturity of up to one year) to support general business purposes, or to provide working capital to businesses in the form of lines of credit to finance trade. The Bank continues to focus primarily on commercial lending to small-to-medium size businesses within the Bank’s geographic market areas. The Bank participates or syndicates loans, typically more than $20 million in principal amount, with other financial institutions to limit its credit exposure. Commercial loan pricing is generally at a rate tied to the prime rate, as quoted in The Wall Street Journal, or the Bank’s reference rate.

 

SBA Loans. The Bank originates SBA loans under the national “preferred lender” status. Preferred lender status is granted to a lender which has made a certain number of SBA loans and which, in the opinion of the SBA, has staff qualified and experienced in small business loans. As a preferred lender, the Bank’s SBA Lending Group has the authority to issue, on behalf of the SBA, the SBA guaranty on loans under the 7(a) program which may result in shortening the time it takes to process a loan. In addition, under this program, the SBA delegates loan underwriting, closing, and most servicing and liquidation authority and responsibility to selected lenders.

 

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The Bank utilizes both the 504 program, which is focused toward long-term financing of buildings and other long-term fixed assets, and the 7(a) program, which is the SBA’s primary loan program and which can be used for financing of a variety of general business purposes such as acquisition of land and buildings, equipment, inventory and working capital needs of eligible businesses generally over a 5- to 25-year term. The collateral position in the SBA loans is enhanced by the SBA guaranty in the case of 7(a) loans, and by lower loan-to-value ratios under the 504 program. The Bank has sold and may, in the future, sell the guaranteed portion of certain of its SBA 7(a) loans in the secondary market. SBA loan pricing is generally at a rate tied to the prime rate, as quoted in The Wall Street Journal.

 

Residential Mortgage Loans. The Bank originates single-family-residential mortgage loans. The single-family-residential mortgage loans are comprised of conforming, nonconforming, and jumbo residential mortgage loans, and are secured by first or subordinate liens on single (one-to-four) family residential properties. The Bank’s products include a fixed-rate residential mortgage loan and an adjustable-rate residential mortgage loan. Mortgage loans are underwritten in accordance with the Bank’s and regulatory guidelines, on the basis of the borrower’s financial capabilities, independent appraisal of value of the property, historical loan quality, and other relevant factors. As of December 31, 2009, approximately 80% of the Bank’s residential mortgages were for properties located in California.

 

Real Estate Construction Loans. The Bank’s real estate construction loan activity focuses on providing short-term loans to individuals and developers, primarily for the construction of multi-unit projects. Residential real estate construction loans are typically secured by first deeds of trust and guarantees of the borrower. The economic viability of the projects, borrower’s credit worthiness, and borrower’s and contractor’s experience are primary considerations in the loan underwriting decision. The Bank utilizes approved independent licensed appraisers and monitors projects during the construction phase through construction inspections and a disbursement program tied to the percentage of completion of each project. The Bank also occasionally makes unimproved property loans to borrowers who intend to construct a single-family-residence on their lots generally within twelve months. In addition, the Bank also makes commercial real estate construction loans to high net worth clients with adequate liquidity for construction of office and warehouse properties. Such loans are typically secured by first deeds of trust and are guaranteed by the borrower.

 

Home Equity Lines of Credit. The Bank offers variable-rate home equity lines of credit that are secured by the borrower’s home. The pricing on our variable-rate home equity line of credit is generally at a rate tied to the prime rate, as quoted in The Wall Street Journal, or the Bank’s reference rate. Borrowers may use this line of credit for home improvement financing, debt consolidation and other personal uses.

 

Installment Loans. Installment loans tend to be fixed rate and longer-term (one-to-six year maturities). These loans are funded primarily for the purpose of financing the purchase of automobiles and other personal uses of the borrower.

 

Distribution and Maturity of Loans. Information concerning types, distribution, and maturity of loans is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K at Part II — Item 7 — “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Asset Quality

 

The Bank’s lending and credit policies require management to review regularly the Bank’s loan portfolio so that the Bank can monitor the quality of its assets. If during the ordinary course of business, management becomes aware that a borrower may not be able to meet the contractual payment obligations under a loan, then that loan is supervised more closely with consideration given to placing the loan on non-accrual status, the need for an additional allowance for loan losses, and (if appropriate) partial or full charge-off.

 

Under the Bank’s current policy, a loan will generally be placed on a non-accrual status if interest or principal is past due 90 days or more, or in cases where management deems the full collection of principal and interest unlikely. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed

 

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and charged against current income, and subsequent payments received are generally first applied towards the outstanding principal balance of the loan. Depending on the circumstances, management may elect to continue the accrual of interest on certain past due loans if partial payment is received or the loan is well-collateralized, and in the process of collection. The loan is generally returned to accrual status when the borrower has brought the past due principal and interest payments current and, in the opinion of management, the borrower has demonstrated the ability to make future payments of principal and interest as scheduled. A non-accrual loan may also be returned to accrual status if all principal and interest contractually due are reasonably assured of repayment within a reasonable period and there has been a sustained period of payment performance, generally six months. Information concerning non-accrual, past due, and restructured loans is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K at Part II — Item 7 — “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Non-Performing Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses. Information concerning non-performing loans, allowance for credit losses, loans charged-off, loan recoveries, and other real estate owned is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K at Part II — Item 7 — “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and in Note 6 and Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Deposits

 

The Bank offers a variety of deposit products in order to meet its customers’ needs. As of December 31, 2009, the Bank offered passbook accounts, checking accounts, money market deposit accounts, certificates of deposit, individual retirement accounts, college certificates of deposit, and public funds deposits. These products are priced in order to promote growth of deposits.

 

The Bank’s deposits are generally obtained from residents within its geographic market area. The Bank utilizes traditional marketing methods to attract new customers and deposits, by offering a wide variety of products and services and utilizing various forms of advertising media. From time to time, the Bank may offer special deposit promotions. Information concerning types of deposit accounts, average deposits and rates, and maturity of time deposits of $100,000 or more is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K at Part II — Item 7 — “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and in Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Borrowings

 

Borrowings from time to time include securities sold under agreements to repurchase, the purchase of federal funds, funds obtained as advances from the FHLB, borrowing from other financial institutions, subordinated debt, and Junior Subordinated Notes. Information concerning the types, amounts, and maturity of borrowings is included in Note 11 and Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Return on Equity and Assets

 

Information concerning the return on average assets, return on average stockholders’ equity, the average equity to assets ratio and the dividend payout ratio is included in Part II — Item 7 — “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

Interest Rates and Differentials

 

Information concerning the interest-earning asset mix, average interest-earning assets, average interest-bearing liabilities, and the yields on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities is included in Part II — Item 7 — “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

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Analysis of Changes in Net Interest Income

 

An analysis of changes in net interest income due to changes in rate and volume is included in Part II — Item 7 — “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

Commitments and Letters of Credit

 

Information concerning the Bank’s outstanding loan commitments and letters of credit is included in Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Expansion

 

We have engaged in expansion through acquisitions and may consider acquisitions in the future in order to compete for new deposits and loans, and to be able to serve our customers more effectively. We currently are subject to restrictions on any new branches and business lines without prior approval from the DFI and FDIC due to the memorandum we entered into with the DFI and FDIC on March 1, 2010.

 

Subsidiaries of Cathay Bank

 

Cathay Real Estate Investment Trust (“CB REIT”) is a real estate investment trust subsidiary of the Bank that was formed in January 2003 to provide the Bank with flexibility in raising capital. During 2003, the Bank contributed $1.13 billion in loans and securities to CB REIT in exchange for 100% of the common stock of CB REIT. CB REIT sold $4.4 million in 2003 and $4.2 million in 2004 of its 7.0% Series A Non-Cumulative preferred stock to accredited investors. During 2005, CB REIT repurchased $131,000 of its preferred stock. At December 31, 2009, total assets of CB REIT were consolidated with the Company and totaled approximately $1.52 billion.

 

GBC Real Estate Investments, Inc. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank. The purpose of this subsidiary is to engage in real estate investment activities. To date, there have been no transactions involving this subsidiary.

 

GB Capital Trust II (“GB REIT”) was incorporated in November 2001 to provide General Bank with flexibility in raising capital. As a result of our merger with GBC Bancorp in 2003, the Bank owns 100% of the voting common trust units issued by the GB REIT. At December 31, 2009, total assets of GB REIT were consolidated with the Company and were approximately $931 million.

 

Cathay Community Development Corporation (“CCDC”) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank and was incorporated in September 2006. The primary mission of CCDC is to help in the development of low-income neighborhoods in the Bank’s California and New York service areas by providing or facilitating the availability of capital to businesses and real estate developers working to renovate these neighborhoods. In October 2006, CCDC formed a wholly-owned subsidiary, Cathay New Asia Community Development Corporation (“CNACDC), for the purpose of assuming New Asia Bank’s pre-existing New Markets Tax Credit activities in the greater Chicago area by providing or facilitating the availability of capital to businesses and real estate developers working to renovate these neighborhoods. CNACDC has been certified as a community development entity and is seeking to participate in the U.S. Treasury Department’s New Markets Tax Credit program.

 

Cathay Holdings LLC (“CHLLC”) was incorporated in December 2007, Cathay Holdings 2 LLC (“CHLLC2”) was incorporated in January 2008, and Cathay Holdings 3 LLC (“CHLLC3”) was incorporated in December 2008. They are wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Bank. The purpose of these subsidiaries is to hold other real estate owned in the state of Texas that was transferred from the Bank. As of December 31, 2009, CHLLC owned two properties with a carrying value of $7.1 million. CHLLC2 and CHLLC3 do not own property at December 31, 2009.

 

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Competition

 

We face substantial competition for deposits, loans and for other banking services, as well as acquisitions, throughout our market area from the major banks and financial institutions that dominate the commercial banking industry. This may cause our cost of funds to exceed that of our competitors. These banks and financial institutions have greater resources than we do, including the ability to finance advertising campaigns and allocate their investment assets to regions of higher yield and demand and make acquisitions. By virtue of their larger capital bases, they have substantially greater lending limits than we do and perform certain functions, including trust services, which are not presently offered by us. We also compete for loans and deposits, as well as other banking services, with savings and loan associations, brokerage houses, insurance companies, mortgage companies, credit unions, credit card companies and other financial and non-financial institutions and entities. The recent consolidation of certain competing financial institutions and the conversion of certain investment banks to bank holding companies have increased the level of competition among financial services companies and may adversely affect our ability to market our products and services.

 

In addition, current federal legislation encourages increased competition between different types of financial institutions and has encouraged new entrants to enter the financial services market. Competitive conditions are expected to continue to intensify as legislation is enacted which will have the effect of, among other things, (i) eliminating historical barriers that limited participation by certain institutions in certain markets, (ii) increasing the cost of doing business for banks, and/or (iii) affecting the competitive balance between banks and other financial and non-financial institutions and entities. Technological factors, such as on-line banking and brokerage services, and economic factors are also expected to increase competitive conditions.

 

To compete with other financial institutions in its primary service areas, the Bank relies principally upon local promotional activities, personal contacts by its officers, directors, employees, and stockholders, extended hours on weekdays, Saturday banking in certain locations, Internet banking, an Internet website (www.cathaybank.com), and certain other specialized services. The content of our website is not incorporated into and is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

If a proposed loan exceeds the Bank’s internal lending limits, the Bank has, in the past, and may in the future, arrange the loan on a participation or syndication basis with correspondent banks. The Bank also assists customers requiring other services not offered by the Bank to obtain these services from its correspondent banks.

 

In California, one larger Chinese-American bank competes for loans and deposits with the Bank and at least two super-regional banks compete with the Bank for deposits. In addition, there are many other Chinese-American banks in both Southern and Northern California. Banks from the Pacific Rim countries, such as Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China also continue to open branches in the Los Angeles area, thus increasing competition in the Bank’s primary markets. See discussion below in Part I — Item 1A — “Risk Factors”.

 

Employees

 

As of December 31, 2009, the Bank and its subsidiaries employed approximately 986 persons, including 361 banking officers. None of the employees are represented by a union. We believe that our employer-employee relations are good.

 

Available Information

 

We file annual, quarterly, and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Our SEC filings are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and on the investor relations page of our website at www.cathaygeneralbancorp.com. The content of our website is not incorporated into and is not a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You may also read and copy any document we file with the SEC at its public reference facilities at 100 F Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can also obtain copies of the documents

 

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upon the payment of a duplicating fee to the SEC. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference facilities. You may also request a copy of the documents, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at: Cathay General Bancorp, 9650 Flair Drive, El Monte, California 91731, (626) 279-3286.

 

Regulation and Supervision

 

General

 

The Bancorp and the Bank are subject to significant regulation and restrictions by federal and state laws and regulatory agencies. This regulation is intended primarily for the protection of depositors and the deposit insurance fund, and secondarily for the stability of the U.S. banking system. It is not intended for the benefit of stockholders of financial institutions. The following discussion of statutes and regulations is a summary and does not purport to be complete. This discussion is qualified in its entirety by reference to the statutes and regulations referred to in this discussion. From time to time, federal and state legislation is enacted which may have the effect of materially increasing the cost of doing business, limiting or expanding permissible activities, or affecting the competitive balance between banks and other financial services providers.

 

Recent Developments

 

In response to the recent economic downturn and financial industry instability, legislative and regulatory initiatives have been, and will likely continue to be, introduced and implemented, which could substantially intensify the regulation of the financial services industry (including a possible comprehensive overhaul of the financial institutions regulatory system, the creation of a new consumer financial protection agency, and enhanced supervisory attention and potential new restrictions on executive compensation arrangements). We cannot predict whether or when potential legislation or new regulations will be enacted, and if enacted, the effect that new legislation or any implemented regulations and supervisory policies would have on our financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, especially in the current economic environment, bank regulatory agencies have been very aggressive in responding to concerns and trends identified in examinations, and this has resulted in the increased issuance of enforcement actions to financial institutions requiring action to address credit quality, liquidity and risk management and capital adequacy, as well as other safety and soundness concerns.

 

Through its authority under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (the “EESA”), as amended by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the “ARRA”), the U.S. Treasury (“Treasury”) implemented the TARP Capital Purchase Program (the “TARP CPP”), a program designed to bolster eligible healthy institutions by injecting capital into these institutions. We participated in the CPP so that we could continue to lend and support our current and prospective clients, especially during this unstable economic environment. Under the terms of our participation, we received $258 million in exchange for the issuance of preferred stock and a warrant to purchase common stock and thereby became subject to various requirements, including certain restrictions on paying dividends on our common stock and repurchasing our equity securities, unless the Treasury has consented. Additionally, in order to participate in the CPP, we were required to adopt certain standards for executive compensation and corporate governance. The Company does not plan to repay the $258 million TARP fund in the foreseeable future.

 

On December 17, 2009, we entered into a memorandum of understanding with Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (the “FRB SF”) under which we agreed that we will not, without the FRB SF’s prior written approval, (i) receive any dividends or any other form of payment or distribution representing a reduction of capital from the Bank, or (ii) declare or pay any dividends, make any payments on trust preferred securities, or make any other capital distributions. Under the memorandum, we agreed to submit to the FRB SF for review and approval a plan to maintain sufficient capital at the Bancorp on a consolidated basis and at the Bank, a dividend policy for the Bancorp, a plan to improve management of our liquidity position and funds management practices, and a liquidity policy and contingency funding plan for the Bancorp. As part of our compliance with the memorandum,

 

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on January 22, 2010, we submitted to the FRB SF a Three-Year Capital and Strategic Plan that updates a previously submitted plan and establishes, among other things, targets for our Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio, total risk-based capital ratio, Tier 1 leverage capital ratio and tangible common risk-based ratio, each of which, where applicable, are above the minimum requirements for a well-capitalized institution. In addition, we agreed to notify the FRB SF prior to effecting certain changes to our senior executive officers and board of directors and we are limited and/or prohibited, in certain circumstances, in our ability to enter into contracts to pay and to make golden parachute severance and indemnification payments. We also agreed in the memorandum that we will not, without the prior written approval of the FRB SF, directly or indirectly, (i) incur, renew, increase or guaranty any debt, (ii) issue any additional trust preferred securities, or (iii) purchase, redeem, or otherwise acquire any stock.

 

On March 1, 2010, the Bank entered into a memorandum of understanding with the DFI and the FDIC pursuant to which the Bank is required to develop and implement, within specified time periods, plans satisfactory to the DFI and the FDIC to reduce commercial real estate concentrations, to enhance and to improve the quality of the stress testing of the Bank’s loan portfolio, and to revise the Bank’s loan policy in connection therewith; to develop and adopt a strategic plan addressing improved profitability and capital ratios and to reduce the Bank’s overall risk profile; to develop and adopt a capital plan; to develop and implement a plan to improve asset quality, including the methodology for calculating the loss reserve allocation and evaluating its adequacy; and to develop and implement a plan to reduce dependence on wholesale funding. In addition, the Bank is required to report progress to the DFI and FDIC on a quarterly basis. The Bank is also subject to a restriction on dividends from the Bank to the Bancorp and is required to maintain adequate allowance for loan and lease losses and is subject to restrictions on any new branches and business lines without prior approval. The Bank is required to notify the FDIC and the DFI prior to effecting certain changes to our senior executive officers and board of directors and is limited and/or prohibited, in certain circumstances, in its ability to enter into contracts to pay and to make golden parachute severance and indemnification payments; and is required to retain management and directors acceptable to the DFI and the FDIC. The Board has resolved to establish a Compliance Committee to, among other things, review the Company’s management and governance and consider making recommendations for improvement. No assurance can be given that our current management and directors are acceptable to the DFI or the FDIC or that we will be able to retain or engage management or directors who are acceptable to the DFI and the FDIC. Additionally, there can be no assurance that we will not be subject to further supervisory action or regulatory proceedings.

 

Bank Holding Company Regulation

 

The Bancorp is a bank holding company within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act (“BHCA”) and is registered as such with the Federal Reserve Board (“Federal Reserve”). It is also subject to supervision and examination by the Federal Reserve and its authority to:

 

   

Require periodic reports and such additional information as the Federal Reserve may require;

 

   

Require bank holding companies to maintain increased levels of capital (See “Capital Adequacy Requirements” below);

 

   

Require that bank holding companies serve as a source of financial and managerial strength to subsidiary banks and commit resources as necessary to support each subsidiary bank;

 

   

Restrict the ability of bank holding companies to obtain dividends on other distributions from their subsidiary banks;

 

   

Terminate an activity or terminate control of or liquidate or divest certain subsidiaries, affiliates or investments if the Federal Reserve believes the activity or the control of the subsidiary or affiliate constitutes a significant risk to the financial safety, soundness or stability of any bank subsidiary;

 

   

Require the prior approval of senior executive officer or director changes;

 

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Regulate provisions of certain bank holding company debt, including the authority to impose interest ceilings and reserve requirements on such debt and require prior approval to purchase or redeem securities in certain situations;

 

   

Approve acquisitions and mergers with banks and consider certain competitive, management, financial or other factors in granting these approvals in addition to similar California or other state banking agency approvals which may also be required.

 

The Federal Reserve’s view is that in serving as a source of strength to its subsidiary banks, a bank holding company should stand ready to use available resources to provide adequate capital funds to its subsidiary banks during periods of financial stress or adversity and should maintain financial flexibility and capital-raising capacity to obtain additional resources for assisting its subsidiary banks. A bank holding company’s failure to meet its source-of-strength obligations may constitute an unsafe and unsound practice or a violation of the Federal Reserve Board’s regulations, or both. The source-of-strength doctrine most directly affects bank holding companies where a bank holding company’s subsidiary bank fails to maintain adequate capital levels. In such a situation, the subsidiary bank will be required by the bank’s federal regulator to take “prompt corrective action.” See “Prompt Corrective Action Provisions” below.

 

A bank holding company is generally required to give the Federal Reserve prior notice of any redemption or repurchase of its own equity securities, if the consideration to be paid, together with the consideration paid for any repurchases in the preceding year, is equal to 10% or more of the company’s consolidated net worth.

 

Restrictions on Activities

 

Subject to prior notice or Federal Reserve approval, bank holding companies may generally engage in, or acquire shares of companies engaged in, activities determined by the Federal Reserve to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. Bank holding companies which elect and retain “financial holding company” status pursuant to the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (“GLBA”) may engage in these nonbanking activities and broader securities, insurance, merchant banking and other activities that are determined to be “financial in nature” or are incidental or complementary to activities that are financial in nature without prior Federal Reserve approval. In order to elect and retain financial holding company status, all depository institution subsidiaries of a bank holding company must be well capitalized, well managed, and, except in limited circumstances, be in satisfactory compliance with the Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”), which requires banks to help meet the credit needs of the communities in which they operate. Failure to sustain compliance with these requirements or correct any non-compliance within a fixed time period could lead to divestiture of subsidiary banks or require all activities to conform to those permissible for a bank holding company. The Bancorp has not elected financial holding company status and has not engaged in any activities determined by the Federal Reserve to be financial in nature or incidental or complementary to activities that are financial in nature.

 

The Bancorp is also a bank holding company within the meaning of Section 3700 of the California Financial Code. Therefore, the Bancorp and any of its subsidiaries are subject to examination by, and may be required to file reports with, DFI.

 

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 

The Bancorp’s common stock is publicly held and listed on NASDAQ, and the Bancorp is subject to the periodic reporting, information, proxy solicitation, insider trading, corporate governance and other requirements and restrictions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission promulgated hereunder and the listing requirements of NASDAQ.

 

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Sarbanes-Oxley Act

 

The Bancorp is subject to the accounting oversight and corporate governance requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, including, among other things, required executive certification of financial presentations, increased requirements for board audit committees and their members, and enhanced disclosure of controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting.

 

Bank Regulation

 

As a California commercial bank whose deposits are insured by the FDIC, the Bank is subject to regulation, supervision, and regular examination by the DFI and the FDIC, and must comply with applicable regulations of the Federal Reserve. Specific federal and state laws and regulations which are applicable to banks regulate, among other things, the scope of their business, their investments, their reserves against deposits, the timing of the availability of deposited funds, their activities relating to dividends, investments, loans, the nature and amount of and collateral for certain loans, borrowings, capital requirements, certain check-clearing activities, branching, and mergers and acquisitions. California banks are also subject to statutes and regulations including Federal Reserve Regulation O and Federal Reserve Act Sections 23A and 23B and Regulation W, which restrict or limit loans or extensions of credit to “insiders”, including officers directors and principal shareholders, and loans or extension of credit by banks to affiliates or purchases of assets from affiliates, including parent bank holding companies, except pursuant to certain exceptions and terms and conditions at least as favorable to those prevailing for comparable transactions with unaffiliated parties.

 

The Bank, as a California state-chartered bank, is subject to primary supervision and examination by the DFI, as well as the FDIC. Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (“FDI Act”) and the California Financial Code, California state chartered commercial banks may generally engage in any activity permissible for national banks. Therefore, the Bank may form subsidiaries to engage in the many so-called “closely related to banking” or “nonbanking” activities commonly conducted by national banks in operating subsidiaries or subsidiaries of bank holding companies. Further, pursuant to amendments enacted by GLBA, California banks may conduct certain “financial” activities in a subsidiary to the same extent as may a national bank, provided the bank is and remains “well-capitalized,” “well-managed” and in satisfactory compliance with the CRA. The Bank currently has no financial subsidiaries.

 

Supervision and Enforcement Authority

 

The federal and California regulatory structure gives the bank regulatory agencies extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities and examination policies, including policies with respect to the classification of assets and the establishment of adequate loan loss reserves for regulatory purposes. The regulatory agencies have adopted guidelines to assist in identifying and addressing potential safety and soundness concerns before an institution’s capital becomes impaired. The guidelines establish operational and managerial standards generally relating to: (1) internal controls, information systems, and internal audit systems; (2) loan documentation; (3) credit underwriting; (4) interest-rate exposure; (5) asset growth and asset quality; and (6) compensation, fees, and benefits. Further, the regulatory agencies have adopted safety and soundness guidelines for asset quality and for evaluating and monitoring earnings to ensure that earnings are sufficient for the maintenance of adequate capital and reserves. If, as a result of an examination, the DFI or the FDIC should determine that the financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, earnings prospects, management, liquidity, or other aspects of the Bank’s operations are unsatisfactory or that the Bank or its management is violating or has violated any law or regulation, the DFI and the FDIC, and separately the FDIC as insurer of the Bank’s deposits, have residual authority to:

 

   

Require affirmative action to correct any conditions resulting from any violation or practice;

 

   

Direct an increase in capital and the maintenance of higher specific minimum capital ratios, which may preclude the Bank from being deemed well capitalized and restrict its ability to accept certain brokered deposits;

 

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Restrict the Bank’s growth geographically, by products and services, or by mergers and acquisitions;

 

   

Enter into or issue informal or formal enforcement actions, including memoranda of understanding, written agreements and consent or cease and desist orders or prompt corrective action orders to take corrective action and cease unsafe and unsound practices;

 

   

Require prior approval of senior executive officer or director changes; remove officers and directors and assess civil monetary penalties; and

 

   

Take possession of and close and liquidate the Bank or appoint the FDIC as receiver.

 

The Bank operates branches and/or loan production offices in California, New York, Illinois, Massachusetts, Texas, Washington and New Jersey. While the DFI remains the Bank’s primary state regulator, the Bank’s operations in these jurisdictions are subject to examination and supervision by local bank regulators, and transactions with customers in those jurisdictions are subject to local laws, including consumer protection laws. The Bank also operates a branch in Hong Kong and a representative office in Taipei and in Shanghai. The operations of these offices (and limits on the scope of their activities) and the Hong Kong branch are subject to local law in those jurisdictions in addition to regulation and supervision by the DFI and the Federal Reserve.

 

Deposit Insurance

 

The FDIC is an independent federal agency that insures deposits, up to prescribed statutory limits, of federally insured banks and savings institutions and safeguards the safety and soundness of the banking and savings industries. The FDIC insures our customer deposits through the Deposit Insurance Fund (the “DIF”) up to prescribed limits for each depositor. Pursuant to the EESA, the maximum deposit insurance amount has been increased from $100,000 to $250,000 through the end of 2013. The amount of FDIC assessments paid by each DIF member institution is based on its relative risk of default as measured by regulatory capital ratios and other supervisory factors. During 2008 and 2009, there have been higher levels of bank failures which has dramatically increased resolution costs of the FDIC and depleted the deposit insurance fund. In order to maintain a strong funding position and restore reserve ratios of the deposit insurance fund, the FDIC has increased assessment rates of insured institutions and may continue to do so in the future. As of December 31, 2009, the Bank’s assessment rate was between 5 and 7 cents per $100 in assessable deposits. On November 12, 2009, the FDIC adopted a requirement for institutions to prepay in 2009 their estimated quarterly risk-based assessments for the fourth quarter of 2009 and for all of 2010, 2011, and 2012.

 

We are generally unable to control the amount of premiums that we are required to pay for FDIC insurance. If there are additional bank or financial institution failures or if the FDIC otherwise determines, we may be required to pay even higher FDIC premiums than the recently increased levels. These announced increases and any future increases in FDIC insurance premiums may have a material and adverse affect on our earnings. Further, all FDIC-insured institutions are required to pay assessments to the FDIC to fund interest payments on bonds issued by the Financing Corporation (“FICO”), an agency of the Federal government established to recapitalize the predecessor to the DIF.

 

The FDIC implemented two temporary programs under the Temporary Liquidity Guaranty Program (“TLGP”) to provide deposit insurance for the full amount of most non-interest bearing transaction accounts through June 30, 2010 and to guarantee certain unsecured debt of financial institutions and their holding companies through June 2012 and the Deposit Guarantee Program. The Bank is participating in the deposit insurance program. On October 20, 2009, the FDIC established a limited, six-month emergency guarantee facility whereby, certain participating entities, including the Bank, can apply to the FDIC for permission to issue FDIC-guaranteed debt during the period starting October 31, 2009 through April 30, 2010. The FDIC charges “systemic risk special assessments” to depository institutions that participate in the TLGP. The Company and the Bank have elected to participate in the Debt Guarantee Program, but do not expect to issue any debt under the program.

 

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The FDIC may terminate a depository institution’s deposit insurance upon a finding that the institution’s financial condition is unsafe or unsound or that the institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices that pose a risk to the DIF or that may prejudice the interest of the bank’s depositors. The termination of deposit insurance for a bank would also result in the revocation of the bank’s charter by the DFI.

 

Capital Adequacy Requirements

 

The federal banking agencies have adopted risk-based capital guidelines for bank holding companies and banks that are expected to provide a measure of capital that reflects the degree of risk associated with a banking organization’s operations for both transactions reported on the balance sheet as assets, such as loans, and those recorded as off-balance sheet items, such as commitments, letters of credit and recourse arrangements. Under these capital guidelines, banking organizations are required to maintain certain minimum capital ratios, which are obtained by dividing its qualifying capital by its total risk-adjusted assets and off-balance sheet items. In general, the dollar amounts of assets and certain off-balance sheet items are “risk-adjusted” and assigned to various risk categories. Qualifying capital is classified depending on the type of capital:

 

   

“Tier 1 capital” consists of common equity, retained earnings, qualifying non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, a limited amount of qualifying cumulative perpetual preferred stock and minority interests in the equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries (including trust-preferred securities), less goodwill and certain other intangible assets. Qualifying Tier 1 capital may consist of trust-preferred securities, subject to certain criteria and quantitative limits for inclusion of restricted core capital elements in Tier 1 capital.

 

   

“Tier 2 capital” includes, among other things, hybrid capital instruments, perpetual debt, mandatory convertible debt securities, qualifying term subordinated debt, preferred stock that does not qualify as Tier 1 capital a limited amount of allowance for loan and lease losses.

 

   

“Tier 3 capital” consists of qualifying unsecured subordinated debt.

 

Under the capital guidelines, there are three fundamental capital ratios: a total risk-based capital ratio, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio and a Tier 1 leverage ratio. To be deemed “well capitalized” a bank must have a total risk-based capital ratio, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of at least ten percent, six percent and five percent, respectively. There is currently no Tier 1 leverage requirement for a holding company to be deemed well-capitalized. At December 31, 2009, the respective capital ratios of the Bancorp and the Bank exceeded the minimum percentage requirements to be deemed “well-capitalized”. As of December 31, 2009, the Bank’s total risk-based capital ratio was 15.03% and its Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio was 9.15%. As of December 31, 2009, the Bancorp’s Total Risk-Based Capital ratio was 15.43% and its Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio was 13.55%. The federal banking agencies may change existing capital guidelines or adopt new capital guidelines in the future and have required many banks and bank holding companies subject to enforcement actions to maintain capital ratios in excess of the minimum ratios otherwise required to be deemed well capitalized, in which case institutions may no longer be deemed well capitalized and may therefore be subject to restrictions on taking brokered deposits.

 

The current risk-based capital guidelines which apply to the Company and the Bank are based upon the 1988 capital accord of the International Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, a committee of central banks and bank supervisors and regulators from the major industrialized countries that develops broad policy guidelines for use by each country’s supervisors in determining the supervisory policies they apply. A new international accord, referred to as Basel II, became mandatory for large or “core” international banks outside the U.S. in 2008 (total assets of $250 billion or more or consolidated foreign exposures of $10 billion or more) and emphasizes internal assessment of credit, market and operational risk, as well as supervisory assessment and market discipline in determining minimum capital requirements. It is optional for other banks. The Basel Committee is currently reconsidering regulatory-capital standards, supervisory and risk-management requirements and additional disclosures to further strengthen the Basel II framework in response to recent worldwide economic

 

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developments. It is expected the Basel Committee may reinstitute a minimum leverage ratio requirement. The U.S. banking agencies have indicated separately that they will retain the minimum leverage requirement for all U.S. banks. It also is possible that a new tangible common equity ratio standard will be added.

 

The Bancorp and the Bank are also required to maintain a leverage capital ratio designed to supplement the risk-based capital guidelines. Banks and bank holding companies that have received the highest rating of the five categories used by regulators to rate banks and that are not anticipating or experiencing any significant growth must maintain a ratio of Tier 1 capital (net of all intangibles) to adjusted total assets of at least 3%. All other institutions are required to maintain a leverage ratio of at least 100 to 200 basis points above the 3% minimum, for a minimum of 4% to 5%. Pursuant to federal regulations, banks must maintain capital levels commensurate with the level of risk to which they are exposed, including the volume and severity of problem loans. Federal regulators may, however, set higher capital requirements when a bank’s particular circumstances warrant. As of December 31, 2009, the Bank’s leverage capital ratio was 9.35%, and the Bancorp’s leverage capital ratio was 9.64%, both ratios exceeding regulatory minimums.

 

Prompt Corrective Action Provisions

 

The federal banking agencies have issued regulations pursuant to the FDI Act defining five categories in which an insured depository institution will be placed, based on the level of its capital ratios: well-capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized. A bank that may otherwise meet the minimum requirements to be classified as well-capitalized, adequately capitalized, or undercapitalized may be treated instead as though it were in the next lower capital category if the appropriate federal banking agency, after notice and opportunity for hearing, determines that unsafe or unsound condition, or an unsafe or unsound practices, warrants such treatment. Under the prompt corrective action regulations, the subsidiary bank will be required to submit to its federal regulator a capital restoration plan and to comply with the plan. Each parent company that controls the subsidiary bank will be required to provide assurances of compliance by the bank with the capital restoration plan. However, the aggregate liability of such parent companies will not exceed the lesser of (i) 5% of the bank’s total assets at the time it became undercapitalized and (ii) the amount necessary to bring the bank into compliance with the plan. Failure to restore capital under a capital restoration plan can result in the bank’s being placed into receivership if it becomes critically undercapitalized. A bank subject to prompt corrective action also may affect its parent bank holding company in other ways. These include possible restrictions or prohibitions on dividends to the parent bank holding company by the bank; subordinated debt payments to the parent; and other transactions between the bank and the holding company. In addition, the regulators may impose restrictions on the ability of the holding company itself to pay dividends; require divestiture of holding company affiliates that pose a significant risk to the bank; or require divestiture of the undercapitalized subsidiary bank. At each successive lower-capital category, an insured bank may be subject at the agencies’ discretion to more restrictions under the agencies’ prompt corrective action regulations, including restrictions on the bank’s activities, and operational practices or the ability to pay dividends.

 

Dividends

 

Holders of the Bancorp’s common stock and preferred stock are entitled to receive dividends as and when declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available therefor under the laws of the State of Delaware. Delaware corporations such as the Bancorp may make distributions to their stockholders out of their surplus, or out of their net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and for the preceding fiscal year. However, dividends may not be paid out of a corporation’s net profits if, after the payment of the dividend, the corporation’s capital would be less than the capital represented by the issued and outstanding stock of all classes having a preference upon the distribution of assets.

 

Our recently adopted capital management and dividend policy as part of our Three-Year Capital and Strategic Plan includes a policy to refrain from paying dividends in excess of $.01 per share per quarter, except when covered by operating earnings beginning in 2011. The amount of future dividends will depend on earnings,

 

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financial condition, capital requirements and other factors, and will be determined by our board of directors in accordance with the capital management and dividend policy.

 

It is the Federal Reserve’s policy that bank holding companies should generally pay dividends on common stock only out of income available over the past year, and only if prospective earnings retention is consistent with the organization’s expected future needs and financial condition. It is also the Federal Reserve’s policy that bank holding companies should not maintain dividend levels that undermine their ability to be a source of strength to its banking subsidiaries. Additionally, in consideration of the current financial and economic environment, the Federal Reserve has indicated that bank holding companies should carefully review their dividend policy and has discouraged payment ratios that are at maximum allowable levels unless both asset quality and capital are very strong.

 

The Bancorp is further currently restricted as to the payment of dividends by the memorandum of understanding with the FRB SF. As a result of losses incurred in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2009, we were expected to so inform and consult with the Federal Reserve supervisory staff prior to declaring or paying any dividends and we have agreed under the memorandum of understanding with the FRB SF that we will not, without the FRB SF’s prior written approval, declare or pay any dividends, make any payments on trust preferred securities, or make any other capital distributions. As a result of losses incurred in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2009, we were expected to so inform and consult with the Federal Reserve supervisory staff prior to declaring or paying any dividends and we have agreed under the memorandum of understanding with the FRB SF that we will not, without the FRB SF’s prior written approval, declare or pay any dividends, make any payments on trust preferred securities, or make any other capital distributions. On February 5, 2010, Bancorp received Federal Reserve approval to make payments on our Series B Preferred Stock and Junior Subordinated Securities. There can be no assurance that our regulators will approve such payments or dividends in the future.

 

The Bank is a legal entity that is separate and distinct from its holding company. The Bancorp receives income through dividends paid by the Bank. Subject to the regulatory restrictions which currently further restrict the ability of the Bank to declare and pay dividends, future cash dividends by the Bank will depend upon management’s assessment of future capital requirements, contractual restrictions, and other factors.

 

The powers of the board of directors of the Bank to declare a cash dividend to the Bancorp is subject to California law, which restricts the amount available for cash dividends to the lesser of a bank’s retained earnings or net income for its last three fiscal years (less any distributions to shareholders made during such period). Where the above test is not met, cash dividends may still be paid, with the prior approval of the DFI in an amount not exceeding the greatest of (1) retained earnings of the bank; (2) the net income of the bank for its last fiscal year; or (3) the net income of the bank for its current fiscal year.

 

Under the terms of the TARP CPP, for so long as any preferred stock issued under the TARP CPP remains outstanding, the Bancorp is prohibited from increasing dividends on its common stock, and from making certain repurchases of equity securities, including its common stock, without the Treasury’s consent until the third anniversary of the Treasury’s investment or until the Treasury has transferred all of the preferred stock it purchased under the TARP CPP to third parties. As long as the preferred stock issued to the Treasury is outstanding, dividend payments and repurchases or redemptions relating to certain equity securities, including the Bancorp’s common stock, are also prohibited until all accrued and unpaid dividends are paid on such preferred stock, subject to certain limited exceptions. See the sections “Capital Resources” and “Liquidity” of the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

The terms of our Series B Preferred Stock and Junior Subordinated Securities also limit our ability to pay dividends on our common stock. If we are not current in our payment of dividends on our Series B Preferred Stock or in our payment of interest on our Junior Subordinated Securities, we may not pay dividends on our common stock. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Common Stock — The terms of our outstanding

 

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preferred stock limit our ability to pay dividends on and repurchase our common stock and there can be no assurance of any future dividends on our common stock generally.” and “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Common Stock — Our outstanding debt securities restrict our ability to pay dividends on our capital stock.”

 

The Bank is subject to a restriction on dividends it may pay to the Bancorp under its memorandum of understanding with the DFI and the FDIC. Under the memorandum of understanding the Bancorp entered into with the FRB SF, we agreed that we will not, without the FRB SF’s prior written approval, receive any dividends or any other form of payment or distribution representing a reduction of capital from the Bank. In our Three-Year Capital and Strategic Plan, we indicate the Bank will not pay a dividend to us in 2010.

 

Operations and Consumer Compliance Laws

 

The Bank must comply with numerous federal anti-money laundering and consumer protection statutes and implementing regulations, including the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, the Bank Secrecy Act, the CRA, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Truth in Lending Act, the National Flood Insurance Act and various federal and state privacy protection laws. Noncompliance with these laws could subject the Bank to lawsuits and could also result in administrative penalties, including, fines and reimbursements. The Bank and the Company are also subject to federal and state laws prohibiting unfair or fraudulent business practices, untrue or misleading advertising and unfair competition.

 

These laws and regulations mandate certain disclosure requirements and regulate the manner in which financial institutions must deal with customers when taking deposits, making loans, collecting loans, and providing other services. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations can subject the Bank to various penalties, including but not limited to enforcement actions, injunctions, fines or criminal penalties, punitive damages to consumers, and the loss of certain contractual rights.

 

Federal Home Loan Bank System

 

The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of San Francisco. Among other benefits, each FHLB serves as a reserve or central bank for its members within its assigned region. Each FHLB is financed primarily from the sale of consolidated obligations of the FHLB system. Each FHLB makes available loans or advances to its members in compliance with the policies and procedures established by the Board of Directors of the individual FHLB. Each member of the FHLB of San Francisco is required to own stock in an amount equal to the greater of (i) a membership stock requirement with an initial cap of $25 million (100% of “membership asset value” as defined), or (ii) an activity based stock requirement (based on percentage of outstanding advances). There can be no assurance that the FHLB will pay dividends at the same rate it has paid in the past, or that it will pay any dividends in the future.

 

Impact of Monetary Policies

 

The earnings and growth of the Bank are largely dependent on its ability to maintain a favorable differential or spread between the yield on its interest-earning assets and the rates paid on its deposits and other interest-bearing liabilities. As a result, the Bank’s performance is influenced by general economic conditions, both domestic and foreign, the monetary and fiscal policies of the federal government, and the policies of the regulatory agencies. The Federal Reserve Board implements national monetary policies (such as seeking to curb inflation and combat recession) by its open-market operations in U.S. Government securities, by adjusting the required level of reserves for financial institutions subject to its reserve requirements and by varying the discount rate applicable to borrowings by banks from the Federal Reserve Banks. The actions of the Federal Reserve Board in these areas influence the growth of bank loans, investments, and deposits and also affect interest rates charged on loans and deposits. The nature and impact of any future changes in monetary policies cannot be predicted.

 

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Environmental Regulation

 

In the course of the Bank’s business, the Bank may foreclose and take title to real estate, and could be subject to environmental liabilities with respect to these properties. The Bank may be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage, personal injury, investigation and clean-up costs incurred by these parties in connection with environmental contamination, or may be required to investigate or clear up hazardous or toxic substances, or chemical releases at a property. The costs associated with investigation or remediation activities could be substantial. In addition, as the owner or former owner of any contaminated site, the Bank may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from the property. If the Bank ever becomes subject to significant environmental liabilities, its business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

 

Audit Requirements

 

The Bank is required to have an annual independent audit, alone or as a part of its bank holding company’s audit, and to prepare all financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The Bank (or the Bancorp) is also required to have an audit committee comprised entirely of independent directors. As required by NASDAQ, the Bancorp has certified that its audit committee has adopted formal written charters and meets the requisite number of directors, independence, and qualification standards. In addition, because the Bank has more than $3 billion in total assets, it is subject to the FDIC requirements for audit committees of large institutions. As such, among other requirements, the Bancorp must maintain an audit committee which includes members with banking or related financial management expertise, has access to its own outside counsel, and does not include members who are large customers of the Bank.

 

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act also addresses accounting oversight and corporate governance matters. Management and the Bancorp’s independent registered public accounting firm are required to assess the effectiveness of the Bancorp’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009. These assessments are included in Item 9A, “Controls and Procedures,” below.

 

Regulation of Non-bank Subsidiaries

 

Non-bank subsidiaries are subject to additional or separate regulation and supervision by other state, federal and self-regulatory bodies. Additionally, any foreign-based subsidiaries would also be subject to foreign laws and regulations.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

 

Difficult economic and market conditions have adversely affected our industry.

 

Dramatic declines in the housing market, with decreasing home prices and increasing delinquencies and foreclosures, have negatively impacted the credit performance of mortgage and construction loans and resulted in significant write-downs of assets by many financial institutions. General downward economic trends, reduced availability of commercial credit and increasing unemployment have negatively impacted the credit performance of commercial and consumer credit, resulting in additional write-downs. Concerns over the stability of the financial markets and the economy have resulted in decreased lending by financial institutions to their customers and to each other. This economic decline, market turmoil and tightening of credit has led to increased commercial and consumer deficiencies, lack of customer confidence, increased market volatility and widespread reduction in general business activity. Financial institutions have experienced decreased access to deposits and borrowings. The resulting economic pressure on consumers and businesses and the lack of confidence in the financial markets may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and stock price. A

 

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worsening of these conditions would likely exacerbate the adverse effects of these difficult market conditions on us and others in the financial institutions industry. In particular, we may face the following risks in connection with these events:

 

   

We potentially face increased regulation of our industry, including changes by Congress or federal regulatory agencies to the banking and financial institutions regulatory regime and heightened legal standards and regulatory requirements or expectations imposed in connection with the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, or the EESA, and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2008, or the ARRA or other legislation that may be adopted in the future. Compliance with such regulation may increase our costs and limit our ability to pursue business opportunities.

 

   

The process we use to estimate losses inherent in our credit exposure requires difficult, subjective and complex judgments, including forecasts of economic conditions and how these economic conditions might impair the ability of our borrowers to repay their loans. The level of uncertainty concerning economic conditions may adversely affect the accuracy of our estimates which may, in turn, impact the reliability of the process.

 

   

We may be required to pay significantly higher deposit insurance premiums to the FDIC because market developments have significantly depleted the insurance fund of the FDIC and reduced the ratio of reserves to insured deposits.

 

   

Our banking operations are concentrated primarily in California, and secondarily in New York, Texas, Massachusetts, Washington, Illinois, New Jersey, and Hong Kong. Adverse economic conditions in these regions in particular could impair borrowers’ ability to service their loans, decrease the level and duration of deposits by customers, and erode the value of loan collateral. These conditions include the effects of the current general decline in real estate sales and prices in many markets across the United States, the current economic recession, and higher rates of unemployment. These conditions could increase the amount of our non-performing assets and have an adverse effect on our efforts to collect our non-performing loans or otherwise liquidate our non-performing assets (including other real estate owned) on terms favorable to us, if at all, and could also cause a decline in demand for our products and services, or a lack of growth or a decrease in deposits, any of which may cause us to incur losses, adversely affect our capital, and hurt our business.

 

We are subject to a memorandum of understanding with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, or the FRB SF, and the Bank is subject to a memorandum of understanding with the California DFI and the FDIC and we may be subject to further supervisory action by bank supervisory authorities that could have a material negative effect on our business, financial condition, and the value of our common stock.

 

Under federal and state laws and regulations pertaining to the safety and soundness of insured depository institutions, the DFI and the Federal Reserve Board, and separately the FDIC as insurer of the Bank’s deposits, have authority to compel or restrict certain actions if the Bank’s capital should fall below adequate capital standards as a result of operating losses, or if its regulators otherwise determine that it has insufficient capital or has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices. Among other matters, the corrective actions may include, but are not limited to, requiring us and/or the Bank to enter into informal or formal enforcement orders, including memoranda of understanding, written agreements, supervisory letters, commitment letters, and consent or cease and desist orders to take corrective action and refrain from unsafe and unsound practices; removing officers and directors and assessing civil monetary penalties; and taking possession of and closing and liquidating the Bank. As a result of losses incurred to date, we entered into a memorandum of understanding with the FRB SF in December 2009. Under the memorandum, we agreed to submit to the FRB SF for review and approval a plan to maintain sufficient capital at the Company on a consolidated basis and at the Bank, a dividend policy for the Bancorp, a plan to improve management of our liquidity position and funds management practices, and a liquidity policy and contingency funding plan for the Bancorp. As part of our compliance with the memorandum, on January 22, 2010, we submitted a Three-Year Capital and Strategic Plan to the FRB SF which updated a previously submitted plan. In addition, we have agreed that we will not, without the FRB SF’s prior written approval, (i) receive any dividends or any other form of payment or distribution representing a reduction of

 

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capital from the Bank, or (ii) declare or pay any dividends, make any payments on trust preferred securities, or make any other capital distributions. We further agreed to notify the FRB SF prior to effecting certain changes to our senior executive officers and board of directors and we are limited and/or prohibited, in certain circumstances, in our ability to enter into contracts to pay and to make golden parachute severance and indemnification payments.

 

On March 1, 2010, the Bank entered into the memoranda of understanding with the DFI and the FDIC. Under that memorandum, we are required, among other things, to develop and implement plans to reduce commercial real estate concentrations, to improve our capital ratios and to reduce the Bank’s overall risk profile; to develop and implement a plan to improve asset quality; and to develop and implement a plan to reduce dependence on wholesale funding. We may need to take significant action to comply with these requirements, including selling assets during adverse market conditions, raising additional capital and limiting or ceasing offering profitable products and services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our financial condition. In addition, we are required to retain management and directors acceptable to the DFI and the FDIC. No assurance can be given that our current management and directors are acceptable to the DFI or the FDIC, that we will be able to retain or engage management and directors who are acceptable to the DFI or the FDIC or that we will be able to meet the requirements of the memoranda in a timely manner.

 

If we were unable to meet the requirements of the memorandum with the FRB SF or the DFI and the FDIC in a timely manner, we could become subject to additional supervisory action, including a cease and desist order. If our banking supervisors were to take such additional supervisory action, we could, among other things, become subject to significant restrictions on our ability to develop any new business, as well as restrictions on our existing business, and we could be required to raise additional capital, dispose of certain assets and liabilities within a prescribed period of time, or both. The terms of any such supervisory action could have a material negative effect on our business, our financial condition and the value of our common stock. Additionally, there can be no assurance that we will not be subject to further supervisory action or regulatory proceedings.

 

U.S. and international financial markets and economic conditions could adversely affect our liquidity, results of operations, and financial condition.

 

The cost and availability of funds may be adversely affected by illiquid credit markets and the demand for our products and services may decline as our borrowers and customers realize the impact of an economic slowdown and recession. In view of the concentration of our operations and the collateral securing our loan portfolio in Northern and Southern California, we may be particularly susceptible to the adverse economic conditions in the State of California. In addition, the severity and duration of these adverse conditions are unknown and may exacerbate our exposure to credit risk and adversely affect the ability of borrowers to perform under the terms of their lending arrangements with us.

 

We may be required to make additional provisions for loan losses and charge off additional loans in the future, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

 

At December 31, 2009, our allowance for loan losses totaled $211.9 million and we had net charge-offs of approximately $219.3 million for the fiscal year ended on that date. There has been a significant slowdown in the real estate market in portions of Los Angeles, San Diego, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties and the Central Valley of California where many of our commercial real estate and construction loan customers are based. This slowdown reflects declining prices and excess inventories of homes to be sold, which has contributed to financial strain on home builders and suppliers. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board and other government officials have expressed concerns about the commercial real estate lending concentrations of financial institutions and the ability of commercial real estate borrowers to perform pursuant to the terms of their loans. As of December 31, 2009, we had approximately $4.7 billion in commercial real estate and construction loans. Continuing deterioration in the real estate market generally and in the commercial real estate and residential building segments in particular could result in additional loan charge offs and provisions for loan losses in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, net income, and capital.

 

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The allowance for credit losses is an estimate of probable credit losses. Actual credit losses in excess of the estimate could adversely affect our results of operations and capital.

 

A significant source of risk arises from the possibility that we could sustain losses because borrowers, guarantors, and related parties may fail to perform in accordance with the terms of their loans and leases. The underwriting and credit monitoring policies and procedures that we have adopted to address this risk may not prevent unexpected losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. The allowance for credit losses is based on management’s estimate of the probable losses from our credit portfolio. If actual losses exceed the estimate, the excess losses could adversely affect our results of operations and capital. Such excess losses could also lead to larger allowances for credit losses in future periods, which could in turn adversely affect results of operations and capital in those periods. If economic conditions differ substantially from the assumptions used in the estimate or adverse developments arise with respect to our credits, future losses may occur, and increases in the allowance may be necessary. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the adequacy of our allowance. These agencies may require us to establish additional allowances based on their judgment of the information available at the time of their examinations. No assurance can be given that we will not sustain credit losses in excess of present or future levels of the allowance for credit losses.

 

We are subject to extensive laws and regulations and supervision, and may become subject to future laws and regulations and supervision, if any, that may be enacted, that could limit or restrict our activities, may hamper our ability to increase our assets and earnings and could adversely affect our profitability.

 

We operate in a highly regulated industry and are or may become subject to regulation by federal, state and local governmental authorities and various laws, regulations, regulatory guidelines, and judicial and administrative decisions imposing requirements or restrictions on part or all of our operations, capitalization, payment of dividends, mergers and acquisitions, investments, loans and interest rates charged, interest rates paid on deposits, and locations of offices. Also, we are or may become to subject to examination, supervision, and comprehensive regulation by various federal, state, and local authorities with regard to compliance with such laws and regulations. Because our business is highly regulated, the laws, rules, regulations and supervisory guidance and policies applicable to us are subject to regular modification and change. Perennially, various laws, rules and regulations are proposed, which, if adopted, could impact our operations or could substantially and adversely affect our ability to operate profitably by making compliance much more difficult or expensive, restricting our ability to originate or sell loans or further restricting the amount of interest or other charges or fees earned on loans or other products. It is impossible to predict the competitive impact that any such changes would have on commercial banking in general or on our business in particular. Such changes may, among other things, increase the cost of doing business, limit permissible activities, or affect the competitive balance between banks and other financial institutions. See “Regulation and Supervision” section in Part I- Item 1- of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

We may experience goodwill impairment.

 

If our estimates of goodwill fair value change due to changes in our businesses or other factors, we may determine that impairment charges are necessary. Estimates of fair value are determined based on a complex model using cash flows and company comparisons. If management’s estimates of future cash flows are inaccurate, the fair value determined could be inaccurate and impairment may not be recognized in a timely manner.

 

Liquidity risk could impair our ability to fund operations and jeopardize our financial condition.

 

Liquidity is essential to our business. An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale of loans, and other sources could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity. Our access to funding sources in amounts adequate to finance our activities could be impaired by factors that affect us specifically or the financial services industry in general. Factors that could detrimentally impact our access to liquidity sources include a

 

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decrease in the level of our business activity due to a market downturn or adverse regulatory action against us. Our ability to acquire deposits or borrow could also be impaired by factors that are not specific to us, such as a severe disruption of the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry as a whole as the recent turmoil faced by banking organizations in the domestic and worldwide credit markets deteriorates.

 

Our business is subject to interest rate risk and fluctuations in interest rates could reduce our net interest income and adversely affect our business.

 

A substantial portion of our income is derived from the differential, or “spread”, between the interest earned on loans, investment securities and other interest-earning assets, and the interest paid on deposits, borrowings and other interest-bearing liabilities. The interest rate risk inherent in our lending, investing, and deposit taking activities is a significant market risk to us and our business. Income associated with interest earning assets and costs associated with interest-bearing liabilities may not be affected uniformly by fluctuations in interest rates. The magnitude and duration of changes in interest rates, events over which we have no control, may have an adverse effect on net interest income. Prepayment and early withdrawal levels, which are also impacted by changes in interest rates, can significantly affect our assets and liabilities. Increases in interest rates may adversely affect the ability of our floating rate borrowers to meet their higher payment obligations, which could in turn lead to an increase in non-performing assets and net charge-offs.

 

Generally, the interest rates on our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities do not change at the same rate, to the same extent, or on the same basis. Even assets and liabilities with similar maturities or periods of re-pricing may react in different degrees to changes in market interest rates. Interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities may fluctuate in advance of changes in general market interest rates, while interest rates on other types of assets and liabilities may lag behind changes in general market rates. Certain assets, such as fixed and adjustable rate mortgage loans, have features that limit changes in interest rates on a short-term basis and over the life of the asset.

 

We seek to minimize the adverse effects of changes in interest rates by structuring our asset-liability composition to obtain the maximum spread. We use interest rate sensitivity analysis and a simulation model to assist us in estimating the optimal asset-liability composition. However, such management tools have inherent limitations that impair their effectiveness. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in minimizing the adverse effects of changes in interest rates.

 

We have engaged in expansion through acquisitions and may consider additional acquisitions in the future, which could negatively affect our business and earnings.

 

We have engaged in expansion through acquisitions and may consider acquisitions in the future. There are risks associated with any such expansion. These risks include, among others, incorrectly assessing the asset quality of a bank acquired in a particular transaction, encountering greater than anticipated costs in integrating acquired businesses, facing resistance from customers or employees, and being unable to profitably deploy assets acquired in the transaction. Additional country- and region-specific risks are associated with transactions outside the United States, including in China. To the extent we issue capital stock in connection with additional transactions, if any, these transactions and related stock issuances may have a dilutive effect on earnings per share and share ownership.

 

Our earnings, financial condition, and prospects after a merger or acquisition depend in part on our ability to successfully integrate the operations of the acquired company. We may be unable to integrate operations successfully or to achieve expected cost savings. Any cost savings which are realized may be offset by losses in revenues or other charges to earnings.

 

In addition, our ability to grow may be limited if we cannot make acquisitions. We compete with other financial institutions with respect to proposed acquisitions. We cannot predict if or when we will be able to identify and attract acquisition candidates or make acquisitions on favorable terms.

 

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We may in the future engage in FDIC-assisted transactions, which could present additional risks to our business.

 

In the current economic environment, and subject to any requisite regulatory consent, we may potentially be presented with opportunities to acquire the assets and liabilities of failed banks in FDIC-assisted transactions. These acquisitions involve risks similar to acquiring existing banks even though the FDIC might provide assistance to mitigate certain risks such as sharing in exposure to loan losses and providing indemnification against certain liabilities of the failed institution. However, because these acquisitions are structured in a manner that would not allow us the time normally associated with preparing for and evaluating an acquisition, including preparing for integration of an acquired institution, we may face additional risks if we engage in FDIC-assisted transactions. These risks include, among other things, the loss of customers, strain on management resources related to collection and management of problem loans and problems related to integration of personnel and operating systems. If we engage in FDIC assisted transactions, we may not be successful in overcoming these risks or any other problems encountered in connection with these transactions. Our inability to overcome these risks could have an adverse effect on our ability to achieve our business strategy and maintain our market value and profitability.

 

Moreover, even if we were inclined to participate in an FDIC-assisted transaction, there are no assurances that the FDIC would allow us to participate or what the terms of such transaction might be or whether we would be successful in acquiring the bank or assets that we are seeking. We may be required to raise additional capital as a condition to, or as a result of, participation in an FDIC-assisted transaction. Any such transactions and related issuances of stock may have a dilutive effect on earnings per share and share ownership.

 

Furthermore, to the extent we are allowed to, and choose to, participate in FDIC-assisted transactions, we may face competition from other financial institutions with respect to the proposed FDIC-assisted transactions. To the extent that our competitors are selected to participate in FDIC-assisted transactions, our ability to identify and attract acquisition candidates and/or make acquisitions on favorable terms may be adversely affected.

 

Inflation and deflation may adversely affect our financial performance.

 

The Consolidated Financial Statements and related financial data presented in this report have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. These principles require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation or deflation. The primary impact of inflation on our operations is reflected in increased operating costs. Conversely, deflation will tend to erode collateral values and diminish loan quality. Virtually all of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on our performance than the general levels of inflation or deflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as the price of goods and services.

 

As we expand our business outside of California markets, we will encounter risks that could adversely affect us.

 

We primarily operate in California markets with a concentration of Chinese-American individuals and businesses; however, one of our strategies is to expand beyond California into other domestic markets that have concentrations of Chinese-American individuals and businesses. We currently have operations in six other states (New York, Texas, Washington, Massachusetts, Illinois, and New Jersey) and in Hong Kong. In the course of this expansion, we will encounter significant risks and uncertainties that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. These risks and uncertainties include increased expenses and operational difficulties arising from, among other things, our ability to attract sufficient business in new markets, to manage operations in noncontiguous market areas, to comply with all of the various local laws and regulations, and to anticipate events or differences in markets in which we have no current experience.

 

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To the extent that we expand through acquisitions, such acquisitions may also adversely harm our business if we fail to adequately address the financial and operational risks associated with such acquisitions. For example, risks can include difficulties in assimilating the operations, technology, and personnel of the acquired company; diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns; inability to maintain uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies; potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities; the incurring of additional debt and contingent liabilities; use of cash resources; large write-offs; and amortization expenses related to other intangible assets with finite lives.

 

Our loan portfolio is largely secured by real estate, which has adversely affected and may continue to adversely affect our results of operations.

 

A downturn in our real estate markets has hurt our business because many of our loans are secured by real estate. The real estate collateral securing our borrowers’ obligations is principally located in California, and to a lesser extent, in New York, Texas, Massachusetts, Washington, Illinois, and New Jersey. The value of such collateral depends upon conditions in the relevant real estate markets. These include general or local economic conditions and neighborhood characteristics, unemployment rates, real estate tax rates, the cost of operating the properties, governmental regulations and fiscal policies, and acts of nature including earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes (which may result in uninsured losses), and other factors beyond our control. The current general decline in real estate sales and prices in many markets across the United States could reduce the value of our collateral such that we may not be able to realize an amount upon a foreclosure sale equal to the indebtedness secured by the property. Continued declines in real estate sales and prices coupled with the current economic recession and an associated increase in unemployment will result in higher than expected loan delinquencies or problem assets, a decline in demand for our products and services, or a lack of growth or a decrease in deposits, which may cause us to incur losses, adversely affect our capital, and hurt our business.

 

The risks inherent in construction lending may continue to affect adversely our results of operations. Such risks include, among other things, the possibility that contractors may fail to complete, or complete on a timely basis, construction of the relevant properties; substantial cost overruns in excess of original estimates and financing; market deterioration during construction; and lack of permanent take-out financing. Loans secured by such properties also involve additional risk because such properties have no operating history. In these loans, loan funds are advanced upon the security of the project under construction (which is of uncertain value prior to completion of construction) and the estimated operating cash flow to be generated by the completed project. There is no assurance that such properties will be sold or leased so as to generate the cash flow anticipated by the borrower. The current general decline in real estate sales and prices across the United States, the decline in demand for residential real estate, recession, higher rates of unemployment, and reduced availability of mortgage credit, are all factors that can adversely affect the borrowers’ ability to repay their obligations to us and the value of our security interest in collateral, and thereby adversely affect our results of operations and financial results.

 

Our use of appraisals in deciding whether to make a loan on or secured by real property does not ensure the value of the real property collateral.

 

In considering whether to make a loan secured by real property, we require an appraisal of the property. However, an appraisal is only an estimate of the value of the property at the time the appraisal is made. If the appraisal does not reflect the amount that may be obtained upon any sale or foreclosure of the property, we may not realize an amount equal to the indebtedness secured by the property.

 

We face substantial competition from larger competitors.

 

We face substantial competition for deposits, loans, and for other banking services, as well as acquisitions, throughout our market area from the major banks and financial institutions that dominate the commercial banking industry. This may cause our cost of funds to exceed that of our competitors. These banks and financial institutions have greater resources than we do, including the ability to finance advertising campaigns and allocate

 

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their investment assets to regions of higher yield and demand and make acquisitions. By virtue of their larger capital bases, they have substantially greater lending limits than we do and perform certain functions, including trust services, which are not presently offered by us. We also compete for loans and deposits, as well as other banking services, with savings and loan associations, brokerage houses, insurance companies, mortgage companies, credit unions, credit card companies and other financial and non-financial institutions and entities. The recent consolidation of certain competing financial institutions and the conversion of certain investment banks to bank holding companies has increased the level of competition among financial services companies and may adversely affect our ability to market our products and services.

 

The short term and long term impact of the new Basel II capital standards and the forthcoming new capital rules to be proposed for non-Basel II U.S. banks is uncertain.

 

As a result of the recent deterioration in the global credit markets and the potential impact of increased liquidity risk and interest rate risk, it is unclear what the short term impact of the implementation of Basel II may be or what impact a pending alternative standardized approach to Basel II for non-Basel II U.S. banks may have on the cost and availability of different types of credit and the potential compliance costs of implementing the new capital standards.

 

We are dependent on key personnel and the loss of one or more of those key personnel may materially and adversely affect our prospects.

 

Competition for qualified employees and personnel in the banking industry is intense and there are a limited number of qualified persons with knowledge of, and experience in, the communities that we serve. The process of recruiting personnel with the combination of skills and attributes required to carry out our strategies is often lengthy. Our success depends to a significant degree upon our ability to attract and retain qualified management, loan origination, finance, administrative, marketing and technical personnel and upon the continued contributions of our management and personnel. In particular, our success has been and continues to be highly dependent upon the abilities of key executives, and certain other employees.

 

On March 1, 2010, the Bank entered into a memorandum of understanding with the DFI and the FDIC pursuant to which we are required to retain management and directors acceptable to the DFI and the FDIC. No assurance can be given that our current management or directors are acceptable to the DFI or the FDIC or that we will be able to retain or engage management or directors who are acceptable to the DFI and the FDIC. If we are unable to retain such management and directors, we may be subject to further supervisory action that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and the value of our common stock.

 

Managing reputational risk is important to attracting and maintaining customers, investors and employees.

 

Threats to our reputation can come from many sources, including adverse sentiment about financial institutions generally, unethical practices, employee misconduct, failure to deliver minimum standards of service or quality, compliance deficiencies, and questionable or fraudulent activities of our customers. We have policies and procedures in place that seek to protect our reputation and promote ethical conduct, but these policies and procedures may not be fully effective. Negative publicity regarding our business, employees, or customers, with or without merit, may result in the loss of customers, investors, and employees, costly litigation, a decline in revenues and increased governmental regulation.

 

Natural disasters and geopolitical events beyond our control could adversely affect us.

 

Natural disasters such as earthquakes, wildfires, extreme weather conditions, hurricanes, floods, and other acts of nature and geopolitical events involving terrorism or military conflict could adversely affect our business operations and those of our customers and cause substantial damage and loss to real and personal property. These natural disasters and geopolitical events could impair our borrowers’ ability to service their loans, decrease the

 

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level and duration of deposits by customers, erode the value of loan collateral, and result in an increase in the amount of our non-performing loans and a higher level of non-performing assets (including real estate owned), net charge-offs, and provision for loan losses, which could adversely affect our earnings.

 

Adverse conditions in Asia could adversely affect our business.

 

A substantial number of our customers have economic and cultural ties to Asia and, as a result, we are likely to feel the effects of adverse economic and political conditions in Asia. In addition, in 2007, we opened a branch in Hong Kong. U.S. and global economic policies, military tensions, and unfavorable global economic conditions may adversely impact the Asian economies. Pandemics and other public health crises or concerns over the possibility of such crises could create economic and financial disruptions in the region. If economic conditions in Asia deteriorate, we could, among other things, be exposed to economic and transfer risk, and could experience an outflow of deposits by those of our customers with connections to Asia. Transfer risk may result when an entity is unable to obtain the foreign exchange needed to meet its obligations or to provide liquidity. This may adversely impact the recoverability of investments with or loans made to such entities. Adverse economic conditions in Asia, and in China or Taiwan in particular, may also negatively impact asset values and the profitability and liquidity of our customers who operate in this region.

 

Because of our participation in the TARP Capital Purchase Program, we are subject to several restrictions including restrictions on compensation paid to our executives.

 

Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement between us and the U.S. Treasury, or the Purchase Agreement, under which we sold $258 million of our Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series B, with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share, or the Series B Preferred Stock, we adopted certain standards for executive compensation and corporate governance. These standards generally apply to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and the three next most highly compensated executive officers. The standards include (1) ensuring that incentive compensation for senior executive officers does not encourage unnecessary and excessive risks that threaten the value of the financial institution; (2) required clawback of any bonus or incentive compensation paid to a senior executive officer based on statements of earnings, gains or other criteria that are later proven to be materially inaccurate; (3) prohibition on making golden parachute payments to senior executives; and (4) agreement not to deduct for tax purposes executive compensation in excess of $500,000 for each senior executive. In particular, the change to the deductibility limit on executive compensation will likely increase the overall cost of our compensation programs in future periods.

 

The adoption of the ARRA on February 17, 2009, and interim final regulations thereunder effective June 15, 2009, have imposed certain new executive compensation and corporate expenditure limits on all current and future TARP recipients, including the Company, until the institution has repaid the U.S. Treasury, which is now permitted under the ARRA without penalty and without the need to raise new capital, subject to the U.S. Treasury’s consultation with the recipient’s appropriate regulatory agency. The executive compensation standards are in many respects more stringent than those that continue in effect under the TARP Capital Purchase Program and those previously proposed by the U.S. Treasury. The new standards include (but are not limited to) (i) prohibitions on bonuses, retention awards and other incentive compensation, other than restricted stock or restricted stock unit grants for up to one-third of an employee’s total annual compensation, which grants cannot vest for a period of at least two years and can be liquidated during the TARP period only in proportion to the repayment of the TARP investment at 25% increments, (ii) prohibitions on golden parachute payments for departure from a company or change in control of the company, (iii) an expanded clawback of bonuses, retention awards, and incentive compensation if payment is based on materially inaccurate statements of earnings, revenues, gains or other criteria, (iv) prohibitions on compensation plans that encourage manipulation of reported earnings, (v) retroactive review of bonuses, retention awards and other compensation previously provided by TARP recipients if found by the U.S. Treasury to be inconsistent with the purposes of TARP or otherwise contrary to the public interest, (vi) required establishment of a company-wide policy regarding “excessive or luxury expenditures,” and (vii) inclusion in a participant’s proxy statements for annual shareholder meetings of a nonbinding “Say on Pay” shareholder vote on the compensation of executives.

 

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Our information systems may experience an interruption or breach in security.

 

We rely heavily on communications and information systems to conduct our business. Any failure, interruption, or breach in security of these systems could result in failures or disruptions in our customer relationship management, general ledger, deposit, loan and other systems. While we have policies and procedures designed to prevent or limit the effect of the failure, interruption, or security breach of our information systems, there can be no assurance that any such failures, interruptions, or security breaches will not occur or, if they do occur, that they will be adequately addressed. The occurrence of any failures, interruptions or security breaches of our information systems could damage our reputation, result in a loss of customer business, subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny, or expose us to civil litigation and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

 

Our need to continue to adapt to our information technology systems to allow us to provide new and expanded services could present operational issues and require significant capital spending.

 

As we continue to offer Internet banking and other on-line services to our customers, and continue to expand our existing conventional banking services, we will need to adapt our information technology systems to handle these changes in a way that meets constantly changing industry and regulatory standards. This can be very expensive and may require significant capital expenditures. In addition, our success will depend, among other things, on our ability to provide secure and reliable services, anticipate changes in technology, and efficiently develop and introduce services that are accepted by our customers and cost effective for us to provide. Systems failures, delays, breaches of confidentiality, and other problems could harm our reputation and business.

 

Certain provisions of our charter, bylaws, and rights agreement could make the acquisition of our company more difficult.

 

Certain provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, our restated bylaws, as amended, and the rights agreement between us and American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, as rights agent, could make the acquisition of our company more difficult. These provisions include authorized but unissued shares of preferred and common stock that may be issued without stockholder approval; three classes of directors serving staggered terms; preferred share purchase rights that generally become exercisable if a person or group acquires 15% or more of our common stock or announces a tender offer for 15% or more of our common stock; special requirements for stockholder proposals and nominations for director; and super-majority voting requirements in certain situations including certain types of business combinations.

 

Our financial results could be adversely affected by changes in accounting standards or tax laws and regulations.

 

From time to time, the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the SEC will change the financial accounting and reporting standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements. In addition, from time to time, federal and state taxing authorities will change the tax laws, regulations, and their interpretations. These changes and their effects can be difficult to predict and can materially and adversely impact how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations.

 

The price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly, and this may make it difficult for you to sell shares of common stock owned by you at times or at prices you find attractive.

 

The trading price of our common stock may fluctuate widely as a result of a number of factors, many of which are outside our control. In addition, the stock market is subject to fluctuations in the share prices and trading volumes that affect the market prices of the shares of many companies. These broad market fluctuations could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Among the factors that could affect our stock price are:

 

   

actual or anticipated quarterly fluctuations in our operating results and financial condition;

 

   

changes in revenue or earnings estimates or publication of research reports and recommendations by financial analysts;

 

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failure to meet analysts’ revenue or earnings estimates;

 

   

speculation in the press or investment community;

 

   

strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;

 

   

acquisitions of other banks or financial institutions, through FDIC-assisted transactions or otherwise;

 

   

actions by institutional shareholders;

 

   

fluctuations in the stock price and operating results of our competitors;

 

   

general market conditions and, in particular, developments related to market conditions for the financial services industry;

 

   

fluctuations in the stock price and operating results of our competitors;

 

   

proposed or adopted regulatory changes or developments;

 

   

anticipated or pending investigations, proceedings, or litigation that involve or affect us;

 

   

successful management of reputational risk; and

 

   

domestic and international economic factors unrelated to our performance.

 

The stock market and, in particular, the market for financial institution stocks, has experienced significant volatility. As a result, the market price of our common stock may be volatile. In addition, the trading volume in our common stock may fluctuate more than usual and cause significant price variations to occur. The trading price of the shares of our common stock and the value of our other securities will depend on many factors, which may change from time to time, including, without limitation, our financial condition, performance, creditworthiness and prospects, future sales of our equity or equity related securities, and other factors identified above in “Forward-Looking Statements”. The capital and credit markets have been experiencing volatility and disruption. In 2009, the volatility and disruption had reached unprecedented levels. In some cases, the markets have produced downward pressure on stock prices and credit availability for certain issuers without regard to those issuers’ underlying financial strength. A significant decline in our stock price could result in substantial losses for individual stockholders and could lead to costly and disruptive securities litigation.

 

Statutory restrictions and restrictions by our regulators on dividends and other distributions from the Bank may adversely impact us by limiting the amount of distributions the Bancorp may receive. State laws and our regulators may restrict our ability to pay dividends.

 

A substantial portion of Bancorp’s cash flow comes from dividends that the Bank pays to us. Various statutory provisions restrict the amount of dividends that the Bank can pay without regulatory approval. Also, the Bank is subject to a restriction on dividends it may pay to Bancorp under a memorandum of understanding with the DFI and the FDIC. Under the memorandum of understanding we entered into with the FRB SF, we agreed that we will not, without the FRB SF’s prior written approval, receive any dividends or any other form of payment or distribution representing a reduction of capital from the Bank. In our Three-Year Capital and Strategic Plan we submitted to the FRB SF, we indicated the Bank will not pay a dividend to us in 2010. In addition, we adopted a capital management and dividend policy as part of the Capital Plan in which we adopted a policy to refrain from paying dividends in excess of $.01 per share per quarter, except when covered by operating earnings beginning in 2011.

 

The Federal Reserve Board has previously issued Federal Reserve Supervision and Regulation Letter SR-09-4 that states that bank holding companies are expected to inform and consult with Federal Reserve supervisory staff prior to declaring and paying a dividend that exceeds earnings for the period for which the dividend is being paid. As a result of losses incurred in the second, third, and fourth quarters of 2009, we were expected to so inform and consult with the Federal Reserve supervisory staff prior to declaring or paying any

 

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dividends and we have agreed under the memorandum of understanding with the FRB SF that we will not, without the FRB SF’s prior written approval, declare or pay any dividends, make any payments on trust preferred securities, or make any other capital distributions. There can be no assurance that our regulators will approve the payment of such dividends.

 

In addition, if the Bank were to liquidate, the Bank’s creditors would be entitled to receive distributions from the assets of the Bank to satisfy their claims against the Bank before Bancorp, as a holder of the equity interest in the Bank, would be entitled to receive any of the assets of the Bank.

 

The ability of the Bank to pay dividends to us is limited by various regulations and statutes, including California law, and the ability of us to pay dividends on our outstanding stock is limited by various regulations and statutes, including Delaware law.

 

The terms of our outstanding preferred stock limit our ability to pay dividends on and repurchase our common stock and there can be no assurance of any future dividends on our common stock generally.

 

In connection with the Purchase Agreement between us and the U.S. Treasury, we issued a warrant to purchase up to 1,846,374 shares of our common stock, or the Warrant, which provides that prior to the earlier of (i) December 5, 2011, and (ii) the date on which all of the shares of the Series B Preferred Stock have been redeemed by us or transferred by the U.S. Treasury to third parties, we may not, without the consent of the U.S. Treasury, (a) increase the cash dividend on our common stock above $.105 per share, the amount of the last quarterly cash dividend per share declared prior to October 14, 2008, or (b) subject to limited exceptions, redeem, repurchase or otherwise acquire shares of our common stock or preferred stock other than the Series B Preferred Stock. In addition, we are unable to pay any dividends on our common stock unless we are current in our dividend payments on the Series B Preferred Stock.

 

The Federal Reserve Board has previously issued Federal Reserve Supervision and Regulation Letter SR-09-4 that states that bank holding companies are expected to inform and consult with Federal Reserve supervisory staff prior to declaring and paying a dividend that exceeds earnings for the period for which the dividend is being paid. As a result of losses incurred in the second, third, and fourth quarters of 2009, we were expected to so inform and consult with the Federal Reserve supervisory staff prior to declaring or paying any dividends and we have agreed under the memorandum of understanding with the FRB SF that we will not, without the FRB SF’s prior written approval, (i) receive any dividends or any other form of payment or distribution representing a reduction of capital from the Bank, or (ii) declare or pay any dividends, make any payments on trust preferred securities, or make any other capital distributions. The Bancorp and the Bank are also each subject to additional statutory and regulatory restrictions on paying dividends.

 

The restrictions described above, together with the potentially dilutive impact of the Warrant, described below, could have a negative effect on the value of our common stock. Moreover, holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends only when, as and if declared by our Board of Directors. Although we have historically paid cash dividends on our common stock, we are not required to do so and our Board of Directors could reduce or eliminate our common stock dividend in the future. Commencing with the second quarter of 2009, our board reduced our common stock dividend to $.08 per share. In the third and fourth quarters of 2009, our board further reduced our dividend to $.01 per share. There can be no assurance that we will be able to pay dividends in the future.

 

Our outstanding preferred stock impacts net income available to our common stockholders and earnings per common share, and the Warrant as well as other potential issuances of equity securities may be dilutive to holders of our common stock.

 

The dividends declared and the accretion on discount on our outstanding preferred stock will reduce the net income available to common stockholders and our earnings per common share. Our outstanding preferred stock will also receive preferential treatment in the event of our liquidation, dissolution, or winding up. Additionally,

the ownership interest of the existing holders of our common stock will be diluted to the extent the Warrant is

 

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exercised. The 1,846,374 shares of common stock underlying the Warrant represent approximately 2.8% of the shares of our common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2009 (including the shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrant in total shares outstanding). Although the U.S. Treasury has agreed not to vote any of the shares of common stock it receives upon exercise of the Warrant, a transferee of any portion of the Warrant or of any shares of common stock acquired upon exercise of the Warrant is not bound by this restriction. In addition, to the extent options to purchase common stock under our stock option plans are exercised, holders of our common stock will incur additional dilution.

 

We are not restricted from issuing additional common stock or preferred stock, including any securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, common stock or preferred stock or any substantially similar securities. If we sell additional equity or convertible debt securities, these sales could result in increased dilution to our stockholders. See “— We may need to raise additional capital which may dilute the interests of holders of our common stock or otherwise have an adverse effect on their investment.”

 

The issuance of additional shares of preferred stock could adversely affect holders of common stock, which may negatively impact your investment.

 

Our board of directors is authorized to issue additional classes or series of preferred stock without any action on the part of the stockholders. The board of directors also has the power, without stockholder approval, to set the terms of any such classes or series of preferred stock that may be issued, including voting rights, dividend rights and preferences over the common stock with respect to dividends or upon the liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of our business and other terms. If we issue preferred stock in the future that has a preference over the common stock with respect to the payment of dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or if we issue preferred stock with voting rights that dilute the voting power of the common stock, the rights of holders of the common stock or the market price of the common stock could be adversely affected.

 

Our outstanding debt securities restrict our ability to pay dividends on our capital stock.

 

In June 2003, Cathay Capital Trust I issued $20,619,000 of Floating Rate Trust Preferred Securities. In September 2003, Cathay Statutory Trust I issued $20,619,000 of Floating Rate Trust Preferred Securities. In December 2003, Cathay Capital Trust II issued $12,887,000 of Floating Rate Trust Preferred Securities. In March 2007, Cathay Capital Trust III issued $46,392,000 of Floating Rate Trust Preferred Securities. In May 2007, Cathay Capital Trust IV issued $20,619,000 of Floating Rate Trust Preferred Securities. These securities are collectively referred to herein as the “Trust Preferred Securities.” Payments to investors in respect of the Trust Preferred Securities are funded by distributions on certain series of securities issued by us, with similar terms to the relevant series of Trust Preferred Securities, which we refer to as the “Junior Subordinated Securities.” In addition, in September 2006, the Bank issued $50,000,000 in subordinated debt in a private placement, which we refer to as the “Bank Subordinated Securities.” If we are unable to pay interest in respect of the Junior Subordinated Securities (which will be used to make distributions on the Trust Preferred Securities), or if any other event of default occurs, then we will generally be prohibited from declaring or paying any dividends or other distributions, or redeeming, purchasing or acquiring, any of our capital securities, including the common stock, during the next succeeding interest payment period applicable to any of the Junior Subordinated Securities.

 

If the Bank is unable to pay interest in respect of the Bank Subordinated Securities, or if any other event of default has occurred and is continuing on the Bank Subordinated Securities, then the Bank will be prohibited from declaring or paying dividends or other distributions, or redeeming, purchasing or acquiring, any of its capital stock, during the next succeeding interest payment applicable to the Bank Subordinated Securities. As a result, the Bank will be prohibited from making dividend payments to us, which, in turn could affect our ability to pay dividends on our capital securities, including the common stock.

 

Moreover, any other financing agreements that we enter into in the future may limit our ability to pay cash dividends on our capital stock, including the common stock. In the event that any other financing agreements in

 

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the future restrict our ability to pay dividends in cash on the common stock, we may be unable to pay dividends in cash on the common stock unless we can refinance amounts outstanding under those agreements.

 

We may need to raise additional capital which may dilute the interests of holders of our common stock or otherwise have an adverse effect on their investment.

 

If economic conditions continue to deteriorate, particularly in the California commercial real estate and residential real estate markets where our business is concentrated, we may need to raise even more capital to support any additional provisions for loan losses and loan charge-offs. In addition, we may need to raise more capital to meet other regulatory requirements, if our losses are higher than expected and we believe that we may breach the target capital ratios in our Three-Year Capital and Strategic Plan, or to participate in FDIC-assisted transactions. There can be no assurances that we would succeed in raising any such additional capital, and any capital we obtain may dilute the interests of holders of our common stock, or otherwise have an adverse effect on their investment.

 

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

 

The Company has not received written comments regarding its periodic or current reports from the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission that were issued not less than 180 days before the end of its 2009 fiscal year and that remain unresolved.

 

Item 2. Properties.

 

Cathay General Bancorp

 

The Bancorp currently neither owns nor leases any real or personal property. The Bancorp uses the premises, equipment, and furniture of the Bank at 777 North Broadway, Los Angeles, California 90012 and at 9650 Flair Drive, El Monte, California 91731 in exchange for payment of a management fee to the Bank.

 

Cathay Bank

 

The Bank’s head office is located in a 26,527 square foot building in the Chinatown area of Los Angeles. The Bank owns both the building and the land upon which the building is situated. In January 2009, the Bank moved certain of its administrative offices to a seven-story 102,548 square foot office building located at 9650 Flair Drive, El Monte, California 91731. The Bank also owns this building and land in El Monte.

 

The Bank owns its branch offices in Monterey Park, Alhambra, Westminster, San Gabriel, City of Industry, Cupertino, Artesia, New York City, Flushing (2 locations), and Chicago. In addition, the Bank has certain operating and administrative departments located at 4128 Temple City Boulevard, Rosemead, California, where it owns the building and land with approximately 27,600 square feet of space.

 

The Bank leases certain other premises. Expiration dates of the Bank’s leases range from June 2010 to December 2016. Our Hong Kong branch is located at 28 Queen’s Road Central Hong Kong. The lease for the 3,436 square foot office commenced on December 16, 2006 and will expire in December 2012. Our representative office in Shanghai is located at Room 2610-A, 1515 Nanjing Road West, Kerry Centre, Shanghai, China, and consists of 869 square feet. The lease was renewed for three years from May 2009 to May 2012. The representative office in Taipei is located at Sixth Floor, Suite 3, 146 Sung Chiang Road, Taipei, Taiwan, and consists of 1,806 square feet. The lease was renewed for one year from July 2009 to June 2010.

 

As of December 31, 2009, the Bank’s investment in premises and equipment totaled $108.6 million. See Note 9 and Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

 

The Company and its subsidiaries and their property are not currently a party or subject to any material pending legal proceeding.

 

Item 4. Reserved.

 

Executive Officers of Registrant.

 

The table below sets forth the names, ages, and positions at the Bancorp and the Bank of all executive officers of the Company as of March 1, 2010.

 

Name

   Age   

Present Position and Principal Occupation During the Past Five Years

Dunson K. Cheng

   65    Chairman of the Board of Directors of Bancorp and the Bank since 1994; Director, President, and Chief Executive Officer of Bancorp since 1990. President of the Bank since 1985 and Director of the Bank since 1982.

Peter Wu

   61    Director, Executive Vice Chairman, and Chief Operating Officer of Bancorp and the Bank since October 20, 2003.

Anthony M. Tang

   56    Director of Bancorp since 1990; Executive Vice President of Bancorp since 1994; Chief Lending Officer of the Bank since 1985; Director of the Bank since 1986; Senior Executive Vice President of the Bank since December 1998.

Heng W. Chen

   57    Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Bancorp since June 2003. Executive Vice President of the Bank since June 2003; Chief Financial Officer of the Bank since January 2004.

Irwin Wong

   61    Executive Vice President-Branch Administration of the Bank since 1999.

Kim R. Bingham

   53    Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Officer of the Bank since August 2004.

Perry P. Oei

   47    Senior Vice President of Bancorp and the Bank since January 2004; General Counsel of Bancorp and the Bank since July 2001.

 

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PART II

 

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

 

Market Information

 

Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “CATY.” Prior to July 3, 2006, our common stock traded on the NASDAQ National Market. The closing price of our common stock on March 1, 2010, was $9.75 per share, as reported by the NASDAQ Global Select Market.

 

The following table sets forth the high and low closing prices as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market for the periods presented:

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2009    2008
     High    Low    High    Low

First quarter

   $ 23.32    $ 7.50    $ 27.61    $ 20.23

Second quarter

     16.00      9.15      21.94      10.69

Third quarter

     11.46      8.09      29.25      10.49

Fourth quarter

     10.06      7.27      24.98      15.98

 

Holders

 

As of March 1, 2010, there were approximately 1,784 holders of record of our common stock.

 

Dividends

 

The cash dividends per share declared by quarter were as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31,
         2009            2008    

First quarter

   $ 0.105    $ 0.105

Second quarter

     0.080      0.105

Third quarter

     0.010      0.105

Fourth quarter

     0.010      0.105
             

Total

   $ 0.205    $ 0.420
             

 

Performance Graph

 

The graph and accompanying information furnished below compares the percentage change in the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock from December 31, 2004, through December 31, 2009, with the percentage change in the cumulative total return on the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index (the “S&P 500 Index”) and the SNL Western Bank Index for the same period. The SNL Western Bank Index is a market-weighted index including every publicly traded bank and bank holding company located in Alaska, California, Hawaii, Montana, Oregon, and Washington. We will furnish, without charge, on the written request of any person who is a stockholder of record as of the record date for the 2010 annual meeting of the stockholders, a list of the companies included in the SNL Western Bank Index. Requests for this information should be addressed to Michael M.Y. Chang, Secretary, Cathay General Bancorp, 777 North Broadway, Los Angeles, California 90012. This graph assumes the investment of $100 in our common stock on December 31, 2004, and an investment of $100 in each of the S&P 500 Index and the SNL Western Bank Index on that date.

 

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NOTE: The comparisons in the graph below are based upon historical data and are not indicative of, nor intended to forecast, the future performance or returns of our common stock. Such information furnished herewith shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any of our filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” under the Securities Act or the Securities Exchange Act with the Securities and Exchange Commission except to the extent that the Company specifically requests that such information be treated as soliciting material or specifically incorporates it by reference into a filing under the Securities Act or the Securities Exchange Act.

 

LOGO

 

     Period Ending

Index

   12/31/04    12/31/05    12/31/06    12/31/07    12/31/08    12/31/09

Cathay General Bancorp

   100.00    96.87    93.93    72.99    67.17    21.68

SNL Western Bank

   100.00    104.11    117.48    98.12    95.54    87.73

S&P 500

   100.00    104.91    121.48    128.16    80.74    102.11

 

Source: SNL Financial LC, Charlottesville, VA © 2010

 

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

 

There were no sales of any equity securities by the Company during the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K that were not registered under the Securities Act.

 

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 

As of December 31, 2009, Bancorp may repurchase up to 622,500 shares of common stock under the November 2007 stock repurchase program, subject to limitations included in the EESA. No shares were repurchased in 2008 and in 2009.

 

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data.

 

The following table presents our selected historical consolidated financial data, and is derived in part from our audited consolidated financial statements. The selected historical consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto, which are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

 

    Year Ended December 31,  
    2009     2008     2007     2006     2005  
    (Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)  

Income Statement (1)

         

Interest income

  $ 528,731      $ 589,951      $ 615,271      $ 491,518      $ 350,661   

Interest expense

    246,039        294,804        305,750        212,235        110,279   
                                       

Net interest income before provision/(reversal) for loan losses

    282,692        295,147        309,521        279,283        240,382   

Provision/(reversal) for credit losses

    307,000        106,700        11,000        2,000        (500
                                       

Net interest (loss)/income after provision/(reversal) for credit losses

    (24,308     188,447        298,521        277,283        240,882   
                                       

Securities gains/(losses)

    55,644        (5,971     810        201        1,473   

Other non-interest income

    23,010        24,878        26,677        21,263        21,013   

Non-interest expense

    183,037        136,676        128,745        113,315        96,284   
                                       

(Loss)/Income before income tax expense

    (128,691     70,678        197,263        185,432        167,084   

Income tax (benefit)/expense

    (61,912     19,554        71,191        67,259        62,390   
                                       

Net (loss)/income

    (66,779     51,124        126,072        118,173        104,694   
                                       

Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest

    (611     (603     (603     (603     (603
                                       

Net (loss)/income attributable to Cathay General Bancorp

    (67,390     50,521        125,469        117,570        104,091   
                                       

Dividends on preferred stock

    (16,338     (1,140     —          —          —     
                                       

Net (loss)/income attributable to stockholders

  $ (83,728   $ 49,381      $ 125,469      $ 117,570      $ 104,091   
                                       

Net (loss)/income attributable to common stockholders per common share Basic

  $ (1.59   $ 1.00      $ 2.49      $ 2.29      $ 2.07   

Diluted

  $ (1.59   $ 1.00      $ 2.46      $ 2.27      $ 2.05   

Cash dividends paid per common share

  $ 0.205      $ 0.420      $ 0.405      $ 0.360      $ 0.360   

Weighted-average common shares

         

Basic

    52,629,159        49,414,824        50,418,303        51,234,596        50,373,076   

Diluted

    52,629,159        49,529,793        50,975,449        51,804,495        50,821,093   

Statement of Condition

         

Investment securities

  $ 3,550,114      $ 3,083,817      $ 2,347,665      $ 1,522,223      $ 1,217,438   

Net loans (2)

    6,678,914        7,340,181        6,608,079        5,675,342        4,578,644   

Loans held for sale

    54,826        —          —          —          —     

Total assets

    11,588,232        11,582,639        10,402,532        8,030,977        6,401,316   

Deposits

    7,505,040        6,836,736        6,278,367        5,675,306        4,916,350   

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase

    1,557,000        1,662,000        1,432,025        450,000        319,000   

Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank

    929,362        1,449,362        1,375,180        714,680        215,000   

Borrowings from other financial institutions

    26,532        19,500        8,301        10,000        20,000   

Long-term debt

    171,136        171,136        171,136        104,125        53,976   

Total equity

    1,312,744        1,301,387        980,419        951,574        782,117   

Common Stock Data

         

Shares of common stock outstanding

    63,459,590        49,508,250        49,336,187        51,930,955        50,191,089   

Book value per common share

  $ 16.49      $ 20.90      $ 19.70      $ 18.16      $ 15.41   

Profitability Ratios

         

Return on average assets

    -0.58     0.47     1.38     1.60     1.69

Return on average stockholders’ equity

    (5.20     4.91        13.28        13.61        14.05   

Dividend payout ratio

    n/m        42.02        16.36        15.67        17.44   

Average equity to average assets ratio

    11.29        9.58        10.37        11.76        12.05   

Efficiency ratio

    50.65        43.52        38.20        37.68        36.63   

 

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(1) Includes the operating results and the acquired assets and assumed deposits and liabilities of (i) Great Eastern Bank after April 6, 2006, (ii) New Asia Bancorp and its subsidiaries after October 17, 2006, and (iii) United Heritage Bank after March 30, 2007.
(2) Net loans represent gross loans net of loan participations sold, allowance for loan losses, and unamortized deferred loan fees.

 

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

 

General

 

The following discussion is intended to provide information to facilitate the understanding and assessment of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Bancorp and its subsidiaries. It should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

The Bank offers a wide range of financial services. It currently operates 20 branches in Southern California, 11 branches in Northern California, eight branches in New York State, one branch in Massachusetts, two branches in Texas, three branches in Washington State, three branches in Illinois, one branch in New Jersey, one branch in Hong Kong and two representative offices (one in Shanghai, China, and one in Taipei, Taiwan). The Bank is a commercial bank, servicing primarily individuals, professionals, and small to medium-sized businesses in the local markets in which its branches are located.

 

The financial information presented herein includes the accounts of the Bancorp, its subsidiaries, including the Bank, and the Bank’s consolidated subsidiaries. All material transactions between these entities are eliminated.

 

Critical Accounting Policies

 

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our consolidated financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

 

Certain accounting policies involve significant judgments and assumptions by management which have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities; management considers such accounting policies to be critical accounting policies. The judgments and assumptions used by management are based on historical experience and other factors, which are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

 

Management believes the following are critical accounting policies that require the most significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements:

 

Accounting for the Allowance for Loan Losses

 

The determination of the amount of the provision for loan losses charged to operations reflects management’s current judgment about the credit quality of the loan portfolio and takes into consideration changes in lending policies and procedures, changes in economic and business conditions, changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of loans, changes in the experience, ability and depth of lending management, changes in the volume and severity of past due, non-accrual and adversely classified or graded loans, changes in the quality of the loan review system, changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans, the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and the effect of competition, legal and regulatory requirements, and other external factors. The nature of the process by which we determine the appropriate allowance for loan losses requires the exercise of considerable judgment. The allowance is increased by the provision for loan losses and decreased by charge-offs when management believes the

 

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uncollectibility of a loan is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. A weakening of the economy or other factors that adversely affect asset quality could result in an increase in the number of delinquencies, bankruptcies, or defaults, and a higher level of non-performing assets, net charge-offs, and provision for loan losses in future periods.

 

The total allowance for loan losses consists of two components: specific allowances and general allowances. To determine the adequacy of the allowance in each of these two components, we employ two primary methodologies, the individual loan review analysis methodology and the classification migration methodology. These methodologies support the basis for determining allocations between the various loan categories and the overall adequacy of our allowance to provide for probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. These methodologies are further supported by additional analysis of relevant factors such as the historical losses in the portfolio, and environmental factors which include trends in delinquency and non-accrual, and other significant factors, such as the national and local economy, the volume and composition of the portfolio, strength of management and loan staff, underwriting standards, and the concentration of credit.

 

The Bank’s management allocates a specific allowance for “Impaired Credits,” in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 310-10-35. For non-Impaired Credits, a general allowance is established for those loans internally classified and risk graded Pass, Minimally Acceptable, Special Mention, or Substandard based on historical losses in the specific loan portfolio and a reserve based on environmental factors determined for that loan group. The level of the general allowance is established to provide coverage for management’s estimate of the credit risk in the loan portfolio by various loan segments not covered by the specific allowance. The allowance for credit losses is discussed in more detail in “Allowance for Credit Losses” below.

 

Accounting for Acquisitions

 

Accounting for acquisitions of other financial institutions involves significant judgments and assumptions by management, which has a material impact on the carrying value of fixed rate loans and borrowings and the determination of the core deposit intangible asset and goodwill. Pre-acquisition contingencies are to be recognized at fair value, unless it is a non-contractual contingency that is not likely to materialize, in which case, nothing should be recognized in purchase accounting and, instead, that contingency would be subject to the probable and estimable recognition criteria of ASC Topic 450, “Accounting for Contingencies.”

 

Investment Securities

 

The classification and accounting for investment securities are discussed in detail in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements presented elsewhere herein. Under ASC 320, formerly SFAS No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities, investment securities must be classified as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, or trading. The appropriate classification is based partially on our ability to hold the securities to maturity and largely on management’s intentions with respect to either holding or selling the securities. The classification of investment securities is significant since it directly impacts the accounting for unrealized gains and losses on securities. Unrealized gains and losses on trading securities flow directly through earnings during the periods in which they arise, whereas available-for-sale securities are recorded as a separate component of stockholders’ equity (accumulated other comprehensive income or loss) and do not affect earnings until realized. The fair values of our investment securities are generally determined by reference to quoted market prices and reliable independent sources. We are obligated to assess, at each reporting date, whether there is an “other-than-temporary” impairment to our investment securities. ASC Topic 320 requires us to assess whether we have the intent to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery. Other-than-temporary impairment related to credit losses will be recognized in earnings. Other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors will be recognized in other comprehensive income.

 

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Income Taxes

 

The provision for income taxes is based on income reported for financial statement purposes, and differs from the amount of taxes currently payable, since certain income and expense items are reported for financial statement purposes in different periods than those for tax reporting purposes. Taxes are discussed in more detail in Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements presented elsewhere herein. Accrued taxes represent the net estimated amount due or to be received from taxing authorities. In estimating accrued taxes, we assess the relative merits and risks of the appropriate tax treatment of transactions taking into account statutory, judicial, and regulatory guidance in the context of our tax position.

 

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability approach, the objective of which is to establish deferred tax assets and liabilities for the temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when such amounts are realized or settled. A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

 

Goodwill and Goodwill Impairment

 

Goodwill represents the excess of costs over fair value of assets of businesses acquired. ASC Topic 805, formerly SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations (Revised 2007), requires an entity to recognize the assets, liabilities and any non-controlling interest at fair value as of the acquisition date. Contingent consideration is required to be recognized and measured at fair value on the date of acquisition rather than at a later date when the amount of that consideration may be determinable beyond a reasonable doubt. ASC Topic 805 also requires an entity to expense acquisition-related costs as incurred rather than allocating such costs to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Pre-acquisition contingencies are to be recognized at fair value, unless it is a non-contractual contingency that is not likely to materialize, in which case, nothing should be recognized in purchase accounting and, instead, that contingency would be subject to the probable and estimable recognition criteria of ASC Topic 450, “Accounting for Contingencies.” Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment at least annually in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 350, formerly SFAS No. 142. SFAS No. 142 also requires that intangible assets with estimable useful lives be amortized over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values, and reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC Topic 360, formerly SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.”

 

Our policy is to assess goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis or between annual assessments if a triggering event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Impairment is the condition that exists when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. Accounting standards require management to estimate the fair value of each reporting unit in making the assessment of impairment at least annually.

 

The impairment testing process conducted by us begins by assigning net assets and goodwill to our three reporting units- Commercial Lending, Retail Banking, and East Coast Operations. We then complete “step one” of the impairment test by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit (as determined based on the discussion below) with the recorded book value (or “carrying amount”) of its net assets, with goodwill included in the computation of the carrying amount. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of that reporting unit is not considered impaired, and “step two” of the impairment test is not necessary. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, step two of the impairment test is performed to determine the amount of impairment. Step two of the impairment test compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill to the “implied fair value” of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is computed by assuming all assets and liabilities of the reporting unit would be adjusted to the current fair value, with the offset as an adjustment to goodwill. This adjusted goodwill balance is the implied fair value used in step two. An impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value.

 

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Results of Operations

 

Overview

 

For the year ended December 31, 2009, we reported net loss attributable to common stockholders of $83.7 million, or $1.59 per share, compared to net income attributable to common stockholders of $49.4 million, or $1.00 per diluted share in 2008 and net income attributable to common stockholders of $125.5 million, or $2.46 per diluted share in 2007. The $133.1 million, or 270%, decline in net income from 2008 to 2009 was primarily the results of an increase of $200.3 million in the provision for credit losses. The return on average assets in 2009 was negative 0.58%, decreasing from 0.47% in 2008, and 1.38% in 2007. The return on average equity was negative 5.20% in 2009, decreasing from 4.91% in 2008 and 13.28% in 2007.

 

Highlights

 

   

Net loss attributable to common stockholders for 2009 was $83.7 million, a decrease of $133.1 million, or 270%, from 2008.

 

   

Loss per share for 2009 was $1.59, a decrease of 259% compared with diluted earnings per share of $1.00 for 2008.

 

   

In 2009, the Company raised $119.4 million in additional capital, net of professional expenses, through the sale of 13.9 million shares of common stock.

 

   

Total deposits increased by $668.3 million, or 9.8%, to $7.5 billion at December 31, 2009, from $6.8 billion at December 31, 2008.

 

Net (loss)/income available to common stockholders and key financial performance ratios are presented below for the three years indicated:

 

     2009      2008      2007  
     (Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)  

Net (loss)/income

   $ (67,390    $ 50,521       $ 125,469   

Dividends on preferred stock

     (16,338      (1,140      —     
                          

Net (loss)/income available to common stockholders

   $ (83,728    $ 49,381       $ 125,469   
                          

Basic (loss)/earnings per common share

   $ (1.59    $ 1.00       $ 2.49   

Diluted (loss)/earnings per common share

   $ (1.59    $ 1.00       $ 2.46   

Return on average assets

     -0.58      0.47      1.38

Return on average stockholders’ equity

     -5.20      4.91      13.28

Total average assets

   $ 11,544,807       $ 10,736,130       $ 9,111,671   

Total average equity

   $ 1,303,575       $ 1,036,789       $ 953,028   

Efficiency ratio

     50.65      43.52      38.20

Effective income tax rate

     48.11      27.67      36.09

 

Net Interest Income

 

Net interest income declined $12.5 million, or 4.2%, from $295.1 million in 2008 to $282.7 million in 2009. Taxable-equivalent net interest income, using a statutory Federal income tax rate of 35%, totaled $283.1 million in 2009, compared with $296.4 million in 2008. Interest income on tax-exempt securities was $788,000, or $1.2 million on a tax-equivalent basis in 2009 compared to $2.9 million, or $4.2 million on a tax-equivalent basis in 2008. The decrease was due primarily to the increases in interest expense paid for securities sold under agreements to repurchase as a result of the expiration of initial below market interest rate periods. Between 2005 and 2008, the Bank increased its securities portfolio and funded these securities by entering into a number of long term securities sold under agreements to repurchase transactions to increase net interest income. Average non-interest bearing deposits remained steady between quarters since the Bank’s customer base consistently prefers to maintain deposits in the form of certificates of deposit.

 

Average loans for 2009 were $7.27 billion, which is $51.6 million, or 0.7%, higher than 2008 due primarily to the growth in commercial mortgage loans. Compared with 2008, average commercial mortgage loans

 

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increased $113.6 million, or 2.83%, to $4.13 billion, average residential mortgages and equity lines increased $90.5 million, or 12.3%, to $829.4 million. Offsetting the above increases, average commercial loans decreased $98.1 million, or 6.3%, to $1.46 billion and average construction loans decreased $50.7 million, or 5.8%, to $819.7 million. Average securities were $3.24 billion, a significant increase of $724.8 million, or 28.9%, due primarily to net increases of mortgage-backed securities of $773.2 million in 2009.

 

Average interest bearing deposits were $6.61 billion in 2009, an increase of $752.2 million, or 12.8%, from $5.86 billion in 2008 primarily due to increases of $553.4 million, or 12.2%, in time deposits and increases of $153.7 million, or 20.9%, in money market deposits. Average FHLB advances and other borrowings decreased $180.6 million to $997.3 million in 2009 from $1.18 billion in 2008.

 

Taxable-equivalent interest income decreased $62.1 million, or 10.5%, to $529.2 million in 2009, primarily due to decline in rates on loans and securities purchased under agreements to resell, which was partially offset by increases in volume and by a change in the mix of interest-earning assets as discussed below:

 

   

Increase in volume: Average interest-earning assets increased $766.0 million, or 7.6%, to $10.8 billion in 2009, compared with the average interest-earning assets of $10.0 billion in 2008. The increase in volume added $26.6 million to interest income and was primarily attributable to the growth in investment securities.

 

   

Decline in rate: The taxable-equivalent yield on interest-earning assets decreased 99 basis points to 4.90% in 2009 from 5.89% in 2008. In 2009, the yield earned on average loans decreased 74 basis points to 5.53% in 2009 from 6.27% in 2008. The yield earned on average taxable securities decreased 86 basis points to 3.85% in 2009 from 4.71% in 2008. The decline in rates among interest earning assets caused interest income to decrease by $88.7 million.

 

   

Change in the mix of interest-earnings assets: Average gross loans, which generally have a higher yield than other types of investments, comprised 67.2% of total average interest-earning assets in 2009 and decreased from 71.9% in 2008. Average securities comprised 29.9% of total average interest-bearing assets in 2009 and increased from 25.0% in 2008.

 

Interest expense decreased by $48.8 million to $246.0 million in 2009 compared with $294.8 million in 2008 primarily due to decreased cost from time deposits offset by increased cost from securities sold under agreement to repurchase. The overall decrease in interest expense was primarily due to a net decrease in rate offset by a net increase in volume as discussed below:

 

   

Increase in volume: Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $548.3 billion in 2009, due primarily to the growth of time deposits of $553.4 million and money market deposits of $153.7 million, offset by decreases in FHLB advances and other borrowings of $180.6 million.

 

   

Decline in rate: As a result of the declining interest rate environment during 2008, the average cost of interest bearing liabilities decreased 72 basis points to 2.63% in 2009 from 3.35% in 2008.

 

   

Change in the mix of interest-bearing liabilities: Average interest bearing deposits of $6.61 billion increased to 70.7% of total interest-bearing liabilities in 2009 compared to 66.6% in 2008. Offsetting the increases, average FHLB advances and other borrowing of $997.3 million decreased to 10.7% of total interest-bearing liabilities in 2009 compared to 13.4% in 2008.

 

Our taxable-equivalent net interest margin, defined as taxable-equivalent net interest income to average interest-earning assets, decreased 33 basis points to 2.62% in 2009 from 2.95% in 2008. The decrease in net interest margin from the prior year primarily resulted from increases in non-accrual loans and the increase in the borrowing rate on our long term repurchase agreements as discussed above and the increase in the average rate paid on other borrowed funds as lower cost short term borrowings matured. The majority of our variable rate loans contain interest rate floors, which help limit the impact of the recent decreases in the prime interest rate.

 

Net interest income declined $14.4 million, or 4.6%, from $309.5 million in 2007 to $295.1 million in 2008. Taxable-equivalent net interest income, using a statutory Federal income tax rate of 35%, totaled $296.4 million

 

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in 2008, compared with $310.9 million in 2007. Interest income on tax-exempt securities was $2.9 million, or $4.2 million on a tax-equivalent basis in 2008 compared to $2.7 million, or $4.0 million on a tax-equivalent basis in 2007. The decrease in net interest income was due to the decline in the net interest margin which was partially offset by growth in loans and investment securities compared to the prior year.

 

Average loans for 2008 were $7.21 billion, which is $1.04 billion, or 16.9%, higher than 2007 due primarily to the growth in commercial mortgage loans. Compared with 2007, average commercial mortgage loans increased $537.4 million, or 15.4%, to $4.02 billion, average commercial loans increased $257.9 million, or 19.8%, to $1.56 billion, average residential mortgages and equity lines increased $127.7 million, or 20.9%, to $738.9 million and average construction loans increased $125.2 million, or 16.8%, to $870.4 million. Average securities were $2.51 billion, a significant increase of $647.8 million, or 34.8%, due primarily to net increases of mortgage-backed securities of $752.4 million in 2008.

 

Average deposits were $6.63 billion in 2008, an increase of $719.5 million, or 12.2%, from $5.91 billion in 2007 primarily due to increases of $678.5 million, or 17.6%, in time deposits. Average securities sold under agreement to repurchase increased $612.6 million to $1.55 billion in 2008 from $941.4 million in 2007. Average FHLB advances and other borrowings increased $167.3 million to $1.18 billion in 2008 from $1.01 billion in 2007.

 

Taxable-equivalent interest income decreased $25.4 million, or 4.1%, to $591.2 million in 2008, primarily due to a decline in rates on loans and investment securities which was partially offset by increases in volume and by a change in the mix of interest-earning assets as discussed below:

 

   

Increase in volume: Average interest-earning assets increased $1.58 billion, or 18.6%, to $10.0 billion in 2008, compared with the average interest-earning assets of $8.46 billion in 2007. The increase in volume added $98.4 million to interest income and was primarily attributable to the growth in loans and investment securities.

 

   

Decline in rate: The taxable-equivalent yield on interest-earning assets decreased 139 basis points from 7.28% in 2007 to 5.89% in 2008. In 2008, the yield earned on average loans decreased 152 basis points to 6.27% from 7.79% in 2007. The yield earned on average taxable securities decreased 88 basis points from 5.59% in 2007 to 4.71% in 2008. The decline in rates among interest earning assets caused interest income to decrease by $123.8 million.

 

   

Change in the mix of interest-earnings assets: Average gross loans, which generally have a higher yield than other types of investments, comprised 71.9% of total average interest-earning assets in 2008 and decreased from 72.9% in 2007. Average securities comprised 25.0% of total average interest-bearing assets in 2008 and increased from 22.0% in 2007.

 

Interest expense decreased by $10.9 million to $294.8 million in 2008 compared with $305.7 million in 2007 primarily due to decreased cost from time deposits offset by increased cost from securities sold under agreement to repurchase. The overall decrease in interest expense was primarily due to a net decrease in rate offset by a net increase in volume as discussed below:

 

   

Increase in volume: Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $1.54 billion in 2008, due primarily to the growth of time deposits of $678.5 million, securities sold under agreement to repurchase of $612.6 million, and FHLB advances and other borrowings of $167.3 million.

 

   

Decline in rate: As a result of the declining interest rate environment during 2008, the average cost of interest bearing liabilities decreased 86 basis points from 4.21% in 2007 to 3.35% in 2008.

 

   

Change in the mix of interest-bearing liabilities: Average interest bearing deposits of $5.86 billion decreased to 66.6% of total interest-bearing liabilities in 2008 compared to 70.6% in 2007, due primarily to increases in securities under agreement to repurchase. In addition, average FHLB advances and other borrowing of $1.18 billion decreased to 13.4% of total interest-bearing liabilities in 2008 compared to 13.9% in 2007. Offsetting these decreases, average securities under agreement to repurchase of $1.55 billion increased to 17.7% of total interest-bearing liabilities in 2008 compared to 13.0% in 2007.

 

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Our taxable-equivalent net interest margin, defined as taxable-equivalent net interest income to average interest-earning assets, decreased 72 basis points to 2.95% in 2008 from 3.67% in 2007 primarily resulting from the lag in the downward repricing of certificates of deposit following the decreases in the prime rate, the increase in the borrowing rate on our long term repurchase agreements and smaller decreases in rates paid on core deposits and other borrowed funds compared to the decreases in the prime rate. The majority of our variable rate loans contain interest rate floors, which help limit the impact of the recent decreases in the prime interest rate.

 

The following table sets forth information concerning average interest-earning assets, average interest-bearing liabilities, and the yields and rates paid on those assets and liabilities. Average outstanding amounts included in the table are daily averages.

 

Interest-Earning Assets and Interest-Bearing Liabilities

 

    2009
Average
Balance
    Interest
Income/
Expense (4)
  Average
Yield/
Rate
(1)(2)
    2008
Average
Balance
    Interest
Income/
Expense (4)
  Average
Yield/
Rate
(1)(2)
    2007
Average
Balance
    Interest
Income/
Expense (4)
  Average
Yield/
Rate
(1)(2)
 
    (Dollars in thousands)  

Interest-Earning Assets:

                 

Commercial loans

  $ 1,464,696      $ 69,648   4.76   $ 1,562,775      $ 86,056   5.51   $ 1,304,862      $ 104,262   7.99

Residential mortgage

    829,418        43,742   5.27        738,923        42,124   5.70        611,200        38,043   6.22   

Commercial mortgage

    4,133,061        251,343   6.08        4,019,448        269,232   6.70        3,482,083        268,467   7.71   

Real estate construction loans

    819,746        36,339   4.43        870,410        53,748   6.18        745,164        68,639   9.21   

Other loans and leases

    19,333        759   3.93        23,133        1,056   4.56        27,196        1,358   4.99   
                                                           

Loans and leases (1)

    7,266,254        401,831   5.53        7,214,689        452,216   6.27        6,170,505        480,769   7.79   

Taxable securities

    3,216,516        123,939   3.85        2,460,181        115,890   4.71        1,800,930        100,663   5.59   

Tax-exempt securities (3)

    18,996        1,212   6.38        50,520        4,155   8.22        61,932        4,031   6.51   

FHLB stock

    71,798        149   0.21        66,025        3,301   5.00        50,293        2,348   4.67   

Federal funds sold & securities purchased under agreement to resell

    58,482        1,351   2.31        234,896        15,017   6.39        318,778        24,309   7.63   

Interest-bearing deposits

    174,939        673   0.38        14,631        656   4.48        62,101        4,489   7.23   
                                                           

Total interest-earnings assets

  $ 10,806,985      $ 529,155   4.90      $ 10,040,942      $ 591,235   5.89      $ 8,464,539      $ 616,609   7.28   

Non-interest earning assets

                 

Cash and due from banks

    111,736            85,928            89,109       

Other non-earning assets

    803,789            700,737            635,976       
                                   

Total non-interest earning assets

    915,525            786,665            725,085       

Less: Allowance for loan losses

    (168,530         (81,066         (66,192    

Deferred loan fees

    (9,173         (10,411         (11,761    
                                   

Total Assets

  $ 11,544,807          $ 10,736,130          $ 9,111,671       
                                   

Interest-Bearing Liabilities:

                 

Interest-bearing demand

    295,770        1,059   0.36        255,185        1,544   0.61        232,114        2,823   1.22   

Money market

    890,427        13,233   1.49        736,739        13,581   1.84        699,606        21,531   3.08   

Savings

    338,781        799   0.24        334,222        1,188   0.36        344,066        3,258   0.95   

Time deposits

    5,084,309        118,465   2.33        4,530,923        161,397   3.56        3,852,468        181,891   4.72   
                                                           

Total interest-bearing deposits

    6,609,287        133,556   2.02        5,857,069        177,710   3.03        5,128,254        209,503   4.09   

Federal funds purchased

    8,392        23   0.27        40,128        903   2.25        32,190        1,612   5.01   

Securities sold under agreement to repurchase

    1,562,447        65,182   4.17        1,554,023        60,559   3.90        941,380        35,037   3.72   

FHLB advances and other borrowings

    997,277        42,443   4.26        1,177,869        46,542   3.95        1,010,574        48,358   4.79   

Long-term debt

    171,136        4,835   2.83        171,136        9,090   5.31        151,478        11,240   7.42   
                                                           

Total interest-bearing liabilities

    9,348,539        246,039   2.63        8,800,225        294,804   3.35        7,263,876        305,750   4.21   

Non-interest bearing liabilities:

                 

Demand deposits

    781,391            772,982            782,347       

Other liabilities

    111,302            126,134            112,420       

Stockholders’ equity

    1,303,575            1,036,789            953,028       
                                   

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

  $ 11,544,807          $ 10,736,130          $ 9,111,671       
                                   

Net interest spread (4)

      2.27       2.54       3.07

Net interest income (4)

    $ 283,116       $ 296,431       $ 310,859  
                             

Net interest margin (4)

      2.62       2.95       3.67

 

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(1) Yields and amounts of interest earned include loan fees. Non-accrual loans are included in the average balance.
(2) Calculated by dividing net interest income by average outstanding interest-earning assets.
(3) The average yield has been adjusted to a fully taxable-equivalent basis for certain securities of states and political subdivisions and other securities held using a statutory Federal income tax rate of 35%.
(4) Net interest income, net interest spread, and net interest margin on interest-earning assets have been adjusted to a fully taxable-equivalent basis using a statutory Federal income tax rate of 35%.

 

Taxable-Equivalent Net Interest Income — Changes Due to Rate and Volume(1)

 

     2009 - 2008
Increase/(Decrease) in
Net Interest Income Due to:
    2008 - 2007
Increase/(Decrease) in
Net Interest Income Due to:
 
     Change in
Volume
    Change in
Rate
    Total
Change
    Change in
Volume
    Change in
Rate
    Total
Change
 
     (In thousands)  

Interest-Earning Assets

            

Deposits with other banks

   $ 1,123      $ (1,106   $ 17      $ (2,561   $ (1,272   $ (3,833

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreement to resell

     (7,386     (6,280     (13,666     (5,756     (3,536     (9,292

Taxable securities

     31,555        (23,506     8,049        32,796        (17,569     15,227   

Taxable-exempt securities (2)

     (2,165     (778     (2,943     (823     947        124   

FHLB Stock

     266        (3,418     (3,152     777        176        953   

Loans

     3,210        (53,595     (50,385     73,977        (102,530     (28,553
                                                

Total increase in interest income

     26,603        (88,683     (62,080     98,410        (123,784     (25,374
                                                

Interest-Earning Liabilities

            

Interest-bearing demand accounts

     217        (702     (485     257        (1,536     (1,279

Money market accounts

     2,548        (2,896     (348     1,089        (9,039     (7,950

Savings accounts

     16        (405     (389     (91     (1,979     (2,070

Time deposits

     17,933        (60,865     (42,932     28,748        (49,242     (20,494

Federal funds purchased

     (417     (463     (880     330        (1,039     (709

Securities sold under agreement to repurchase

     330        4,293        4,623        23,802        1,720        25,522   

FHLB advances and other borrowings

     (7,502     3,403        (4,099     7,326        (9,142     (1,816

Long-term debt

     —          (4,255     (4,255     1,329        (3,479     (2,150
                                                

Total increase in interest expense

     13,125        (61,890     (48,765     62,790        (73,736     (10,946
                                                

Change in net interest income

   $ 13,478      $ (26,793   $ (13,315   $ 35,620      $ (50,048   $ (14,428
                                                

 

(1) Changes in interest income and interest expense attributable to changes in both volume and rate have been allocated proportionately to changes due to volume and changes due to rate.
(2) The amount of interest earned has been adjusted to a fully taxable-equivalent basis for certain securities of states and political subdivisions and other securities held using a statutory Federal income tax rate of 35%.

 

Provision for Credit Losses

 

The provision for credit losses represents the charge against current earnings that is determined by management, through a credit review process, as the amount needed to maintain an allowance for loan losses and an allowance for off-balance sheet unfunded credit commitments that management believes to be sufficient to absorb credit losses inherent in the Bank’s loan portfolio and credit commitments. As a result of an increase in non-performing loans due to the continuing weak economy, a substantial increase in charge-offs, and adversely graded construction loans, land loans, and commercial loans during 2009, the Bank recorded a $307.0 million provision for credit losses in 2009 compared with $106.7 million in 2008, and $11.0 million in 2007. Net charge-offs for 2009 were $219.3 million, or 3.0% of average loans, to net charge-offs of $46.8 million, or 0.65%

 

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of average loans during 2008, and compared to net charge-offs of $6.6 million, or 0.11% of average loans during 2007. The increases in net charge-offs were primarily due to the economic downturn.

 

Non-interest Income

 

Non-interest income was $78.7 million for 2009, $18.9 million for 2008, and $27.5 million for 2007. Non-interest income includes depository service fees, letters of credit commissions, securities gains (losses), gains (losses) from loan sales, gains from sale of premises and equipment, and other sources of fee income. These other fee-based services include, among other things, wire transfer fees, safe deposit fees, fees on loan-related activities, fee income from our Wealth Management division, and foreign exchange fees.

 

The increase of $59.7 million, or 316%, from 2008 to 2009 in non-interest income was primarily due to the combination of the following:

 

   

The Company sold securities of $2.4 billion and recorded net gains on sale of securities of $56.5 million in 2009 compared to gains on sale of securities of $29.4 million in 2008. In 2008, there was an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $35.3 million on agency preferred securities. These factors contributed to a $61.6 million increase in gains on securities in 2009;

 

   

A $4.4 million increase in gains on sale of loans primarily due to gains of $3.3 million from the sale of an aircraft leverage lease;

 

   

A $2.4 million loss on the value of interest rate swap agreements;

 

   

A $2.4 million decrease in commissions from foreign exchange and currency transactions;

 

   

And a $1.8 million decrease in venture capital income primarily due to write-downs on venture capital investment of $2.0 million.

 

The decrease of $8.6 million, or 31.2%, from 2007 to 2008 in non-interest income was primarily due to the combination of the following:

 

   

An other-than-temporary impairment charge of $35.3 million on agency preferred securities;

 

   

A $2.7 million decrease in gains on sale of premises and equipment due to the sale of a former branch building in September 2007;

 

   

A $1.0 million other-than-temporary impairment write-down of our investment in the common stock of Broadway Financial Corporation in 2008 compared to other-than-temporary impairment write-down of $746,000 in 2007;

 

   

Venture capital income decreased $646,000 due to lower realized gains, commissions from Wealth Management decreased $587,000, other fees on loans decreased $517,000; wire transfer fees decreased $431,000, and commissions on letters of credit declined $338,000 all as a result of lower transaction volume;

 

   

The above decreases were partially offset by a $28.5 million increase in gains on sales of securities and by a $4.3 million increase in commissions from foreign exchange and currency transactions.

 

The Bank purchased preferred stock issued by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae of $5.0 million in 2000, $20.0 million in 2001, $23.0 million in December, 2007, and $1.4 million in January, 2008. The Bank recognized an other-than-temporary impairment loss of $5.5 million in 2004, $115,000 in 2005, and $35,000 in 2006 to write down the value of these securities to their respective fair values as of December 31, 2005. In March 2007, the Bank sold its Freddie Mac preferred stock that was purchased in March 2001 with carrying value of $7.6 million and recorded a gain of $2.2 million. In September 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency placed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac under receivership and suspended indefinitely the payment of future dividends on their issues of

 

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preferred stock. In light of these developments, the Bank recognized an additional other-than-temporary impairment loss of $35.3 million in 2008 to write down the value of these securities to their respective fair values as of December 31, 2008.

 

Non-interest Expense

 

Non-interest expense includes expenses related to salaries and benefits of employees, occupancy expenses, marketing expenses, computer and equipment expenses, amortization of core deposit intangibles, and other operating expenses. Non-interest expense totaled $183.0 million in 2009, compared with $136.7 million in 2008, and $128.7 million in 2007. The increase of $46.4 million, or 33.9%, in non-interest expense in 2009 compared to 2008 was primarily due to the combination of the following:

 

   

Other real estate owned (“OREO”) expense increased $31.1 million primarily due to a $24.6 million increase in provision for OREO write-downs, and a $4.0 million increase in OREO operating expenses due to increased OREO holdings. In addition, loss on sale of OREO increased $2.1 million and OREO income decreased $466,000;

 

   

FDIC and State assessments increased $14.6 million to $19.4 million in 2009 from $4.8 million in 2008 as a result of a higher assessment rate and higher assessed deposit balances;

 

   

Professional service expense increased $4.4 million, or 36.8%, due primarily to increases in legal expenses, collection expenses, and consulting expenses;

 

   

Occupancy expense increased $2.9 million, or 21.7%, primarily due to our new administrative offices at 9650 Flair Drive, El Monte which opened in January 2009;

 

   

The above increases were offset primarily by decreases of $5.8 million in salaries and employee benefits and decrease of $1.0 million in marketing expenses. Salaries and employee benefits decreased due to a $2.6 million decrease in bonus accruals, a $2.0 million decrease in option compensation expense, and a $940,000 decrease in salaries.

 

The efficiency ratio, defined as non-interest expense divided by the sum of net interest income before provision for loan losses plus non-interest income, increased to 50.65% in 2009 compared with 43.52% in 2008 due primarily to higher non-interest expenses as explained above.

 

Non-interest expense totaled $136.7 million in 2008 compared with $128.7 million in 2007. The increase of $8.0 million, or 6.2%, in non-interest expense in 2008 compared to 2007 was primarily due to the combination of the following:

 

   

Other real estate owned (“OREO”) expense increased $4.6 million primarily due to a $3.4 million increase in provision for OREO write-downs and a $1.2 million increase in OREO operating expenses due to increased OREO levels;

 

   

FDIC and State assessments increased $3.7 million to $4.8 million in 2008 from $1.1 million in 2007 as a result of the utilization of $4.0 million of credits for premiums paid prior to 1996;

 

   

Professional service expenses increased $2.7 million, or 29.1%, due primarily to increases in information technology consulting expenses of $1.4 million, appraisal expenses of $590,000, and legal and collection expenses of $422,000;

 

   

The above increases were offset primarily by decreases of $2.3 million in salaries and employee benefits due to lower bonus accruals for 2008 and decreases of $1.4 million in software license fees due to the signing of a new data processing contract.

 

The efficiency ratio, defined as non-interest expense divided by the sum of net interest income before provision for loan losses plus non-interest income, increased to 43.52% in 2008 compared with 38.20% in 2007 due primarily to the decreases in revenues resulting from the lower net interest margin.

 

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Income Tax Expense

 

Income tax benefit was $61.9 million in 2009 compared to income tax expense of $19.6 million in 2008 and income tax expense of $71.2 million in 2007. The effective tax rate was 48.1% for 2009, 27.7% for 2008, and 36.1% in 2007. The income tax benefit in 2009 was primarily due to the net loss in 2009. The decrease in the effective tax rate from 2007 to 2008 was primarily due to the lower pretax income in 2008 combined with an increase in low income housing tax credits from $8.0 million in 2007 to $9.5 million in 2008. Low income housing tax credits were $11.1 million in 2009.

 

On December 31, 2003, the California FTB announced its intent to list certain transactions that in its view constitute potentially abusive tax shelters. Included in the transactions subject to this listing were transactions utilizing regulated investment companies (RICs) and real estate investment trusts (REITs). While we continue to believe that the tax benefits recorded in 2000, 2001, and 2002 with respect to our regulated investment company were appropriate and fully defensible under California law, we participated in Option 2 of the Voluntary Compliance Initiative of the FTB, and paid all California taxes and interest on these disputed 2000 through 2002 tax benefits, and at the same time filed a claim for refund for these years while avoiding certain potential penalties. The Company expects to resolve the California tax audits of its 2000 through 2002 tax years without any significant additional accruals.

 

The FASB issued ASC Topic 740, formerly Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (“FIN 48”). ASC Topic 740 requires that the amount of recognized tax benefit should be the maximum amount that is more-likely-than-not to be realized and that amounts previously recorded that do not meet the requirements of ASC Topic 740 be charged as a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings. As of December 31, 2006, we reflected a $12.1 million net state tax receivable related to payments made in April 2004 under the Voluntary Compliance Initiative program for the years 2000, 2001, and 2002, after giving effect to reserves for loss contingencies on the refund claims. We have determined that our refund claim related to our regulated investment company is not more-likely-than-not to be realized and consequently charged a total of $8.5 million, comprised of the $7.9 million after tax amount related to our refund claims as well as a $0.6 million after tax amount related to California net operating losses generated in 2001 as a result of our regulated investment company, to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the January 1, 2007, effective date of ASC Topic 740.

 

We recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as an income tax provision expense. We recognized $0.1 million in 2009, $0.4 million in 2008 and $0.2 million in 2007 in interest and penalties. We had accrued interest and penalties of approximately $240,000 as of December 31, 2009, and $1.9 million as of December 31, 2008.

 

Our tax returns are open for audits by the Internal Revenue Service back to 2006 and by the FTB of the State of California back to 2000. We are currently under audit by the California FTB for the years 2000 to 2004. During the second quarter of 2007, the Internal Revenue Service completed an examination of our 2004 and 2005 tax returns and did not propose any adjustments deemed to be material. From time to time, there may be differences in opinion with respect to the tax treatment accorded transactions. When, and if, such differences occur and the related tax effects become probable and estimable, such amounts will be recognized.

 

Review of Financial Condition

 

Total assets were $11.6 billion at both December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2008. Securities held-to-maturity increased $635.0 million and short-term investment and interest bearing deposits increased $229.7 million offset primarily by a $518.4 million decrease in gross loans and loans held-for-sale, and by a $201.0 million decrease in securities purchased under agreement to resell.

 

Investment Securities

 

Investment securities represented 30.64% of total assets at December 31, 2009, compared with 26.62% of total assets at December 31, 2008. The carrying value of investment securities at December 31, 2009, was $3.55 billion compared with $3.08 billion at December 31, 2008. Securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value

 

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and had a net unrealized loss of $1.4 million at December 31, 2009, compared with a net unrealized gain of $40.3 million at December 31, 2008. In 2009, the Company purchased U.S. government agency securities at par of $100.0 million and MBS at par of $523.9 million. These were classified as securities held-to-maturity. Book value for securities held-to-maturity was $635.0 million at December 31, 2009, and zero at December 31, 2008.

 

The following table summarizes the carrying value of our portfolio of securities for each of the past two years:

 

     As of December 31,
     2009    2008
     (In thousands)

Securities Held-to-Maturity:

     

U.S. government agencies

   $ 99,876    $ —  

Mortgage-backed securities

     535,139      —  
             

Total securities held-to-maturity

   $ 635,015    $ —  
             

Securities Available-for-Sale:

     

U.S. treasury securities

   $ 13,748    $ 10,545

U.S. government sponsored entities

     871,344      765,982

State and municipal securities

     12,823      23,236

Mortgage-backed securities

     1,942,176      2,077,463

Collateralized mortgage obligations

     47,789      172,878

Asset-backed securities

     249      360

Corporate bonds

     9,757      32,570

Preferred stock of government sponsored entities

     1,272      783

Other securities-foreign

     14,891      —  

Other equity securities

     1,050      —  
             

Total securities available-for-sale

   $ 2,915,099    $ 3,083,817
             

Total investment securities

   $ 3,550,114    $ 3,083,817
             

 

ASC Topic 320 changes the requirements for recognizing other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) for debt securities. ASC Topic 320 requires an entity to assess whether the entity has the intent to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery. We have no intent to sell and will not be required to sell available-for-sale securities that decline below their cost before their anticipated recovery. At December 31, 2009, there was no other-than-temporary impairment related to credit losses to be recognized in earnings. Other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors was recognized in other comprehensive income.

 

Between 2002 and 2004, we purchased a number of mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations comprised of interests in non-agency guaranteed residential mortgages. At December 31, 2009, the remaining par value was $13.5 million for non-agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities with unrealized losses of $1.2 million and $43.2 million of collateralized mortgage obligations with unrealized losses of $1.6 million. The remaining par value of these securities totaled $56.7 million which represents 1.6% of the fair value of investment securities and 0.5% of total assets. At December 31, 2009, the unrealized loss for these securities totaled $2.8 million which represented 4.9% of the par amount of these non-agency guaranteed residential mortgages. Based on the our analysis at December 31, 2009, there was no “other-than-temporary” impairment in these securities due to the low loan to value ratio for the loans underlying these securities, the credit support provided by junior tranches of these securitizations, and the continued AAA rating for all but four issues of these securities. Our analysis also indicated the continued full ultimate collection of principal and interest for the four issues that were no longer rated AAA.

 

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The temporarily impaired securities represent 58.7% of the fair value of investment securities as of December 31, 2009. Unrealized losses for securities with unrealized losses for less than twelve months represent 0.9%, and securities with unrealized losses for twelve months or more represent 7.1%, of the historical cost of these securities. Unrealized losses on these securities generally resulted from increases in interest rate spreads subsequent to the date that these securities were purchased. All of these securities were investment grade as of December 31, 2009. At December 31, 2009, 21 issues of securities had unrealized losses for 12 months or longer and 63 issues of securities had unrealized losses of less than 12 months.

 

At December 31, 2009, management believed the impairment was temporary and, accordingly, no impairment loss has been recognized in our consolidated statements of operations. The table below shows the fair value, unrealized losses, and number of issuances of the temporarily impaired securities in our investment securities portfolio as of December 31, 2009:

 

Temporarily Impaired Securities

 

    Less than 12 months   12 months or longer   Total
    Fair
Value
  Unrealized
Losses
  No. of
Issuances
  Fair
Value
  Unrealized
Losses
  No. of
Issuances
  Fair
Value
  Unrealized
Losses
  No. of
Issuances
    (Dollars in thousands)

As of December 31, 2009

                 

Securities Held-to-Maturity

                 

Mortgage-backed securities

  $ 527,845   $ 7,294   12     —       —     —     $ 527,845   $ 7,294   12
                                               

Total securities held-to-maturity

    527,845     7,294   12     —       —     —       527,845     7,294   12
                                               

Securities Available-for-Sale

                 

U. S. Treasury entities

  $ 13,748   $ 77   2   $ —     $ —     —     $ 13,748   $ 77   2

U.S. government sponsored entities

    408,888     3,230   9     —       —     —       408,888     3,230   9

State and municipal securities

    —       —     —       659     36   1     659     36   1

Mortgage-backed securities

    1,050,968     6,216   32     855     3   5     1,051,823     6,219   37

Mortgage-backed securities-Non-agency

    —       —     —       12,302     1,156   3     12,302     1,156   3

Collateralized mortgage obligations

    30,870     955   4     8,304     683   8     39,174     1,638   12

Asset-backed securities

    —       —     —       249     63   1     249     63   1

Corporate bonds

    249     1   1     9,508     488   3     9,757     489   4

Other securities-foreign organization

    14,891     84   3     —       —     —       14,891     84   3
                                               

Total securities available-for-sale

    1,519,614     10,563   51     31,877     2,429   21     1,551,491     12,992   72
                                               

Total investment securities

  $ 2,047,459   $ 17,857   63   $ 31,877   $ 2,429   21   $ 2,079,336   $ 20,286   84
                                               

As of December 31, 2008

                 

Securities Available-for-Sale

                 

State and municipal securities

  $ 339   $ 15   1   $ 1,098   $ 22   2   $ 1,437   $ 37   3

Mortgage-backed securities

    8,294     247   26     12,139     5,031   9     20,433     5,278   35

Collateralized mortgage obligations

    —       —     1     107,503     7,523   24     107,503     7,523   25

Asset-backed securities

    —       —     —       360     63   2     360     63   2

Corporate bonds

    32,385     2,611   4     185     65   1     32,570     2,676   5
                                               

Total investment securities

  $ 41,018   $ 2,873   32   $ 121,285   $ 12,704   38   $ 162,303   $ 15,577   70
                                               

 

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The scheduled maturities and taxable-equivalent yields by security type are presented in the following tables:

 

Securities Portfolio Maturity Distribution and Yield Analysis:

 

    As of December 31, 2009  
    One Year
or Less
    After One
Year to
Five Years
    After Five
Years to
Ten Years
    Over Ten
Years
    Total  
    (Dollars in thousands)  

Maturity Distribution:

         

Securities Held-to-Maturity:

         

U.S. government agencies

  $ —        $ 99,876      $ —        $ —        $ 99,876   

Mortgage-backed securities

    —          —          —          535,139        535,139   
                                       

Total securities held-to-maturity

    —          99,876        —          535,139        635,015   
                                       

Securities Available-for-Sale:

         

U.S. treasury securities

    —          13,748        —          —          13,748   

U.S. government sponsored entities

    256        715,614        155,474        —          871,344   

State and municipal securities

    411        6,471        4,881        1,060        12,823   

Mortgage-backed securities (1)

    111        13,735        143,854        1,784,476        1,942,176   

Collateralized mortgage obligations (1)

    —          —          45,094        2,695        47,789   

Asset-backed securities (1)

    —          —          —          249        249   

Corporate bonds

    249        —          —          9,508        9,757   

Preferred stock of government sponsored
entities (2)

    —          —          —          1,272        1,272   

Other securities-foreign

    9,573        5,318        —          —          14,891   

Other equity securities

    —          —          —          1,050        1,050   
                                       

Total securities available-for-sale

    10,600        754,886        349,303        1,800,310        2,915,099   
                                       

Total investment securities

  $ 10,600      $ 854,762      $ 349,303      $ 2,335,449      $ 3,550,114   
                                       

Weighted-Average Yield:

         

Securities Held-to-Maturity:

         

U.S. government agencies

    —          2.17     —          —          2.17

Mortgage-backed securities

    —          —          —          3.68        3.68   
                                       

Total securities held-to-maturity

    0.00     2.17     0.00     3.68     3.44
                                       

Securities Available-for-Sale:

         

U.S. treasury securities

    —          0.88     —          —          0.88

U.S. government sponsored entities

    5.01        2.15     3.52        —          2.40   

State and municipal securities (3)

    7.33        6.76        6.39        0.06        6.58   

Mortgage-backed securities (1)

    6.18        4.98        4.49        3.84        3.90   

Collateralized mortgage obligations (1)

    —          —          4.88        5.89        4.93   

Asset-backed securities (1)

    —          —          —          2.25        2.25   

Corporate bonds

    0.97        —          —          8.25        8.07   

Other securities-foreign

    0.39        1.79        —          —          0.89   
                                       

Total securities available-for-sale

    0.85     2.22     4.14     3.86     3.46
                                       

Total investment securities

    0.85     2.21     4.14     3.82     3.46
                                       

 

(1) Securities reflect stated maturities and do not reflect the impact of anticipated prepayments.
(2) There is no stated maturity for equity securities.
(3) Weighted average yield has been adjusted to a fully-taxable equivalent basis.

 

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Loans

 

Loans represented 67.2% of average interest-earning assets during 2009 compared with 71.9% during 2008. Gross loans, including loans held-for-sale, decreased by $518.4 million, a decrease of 6.9%, to $6.95 billion at December 31, 2009, compared with $7.47 billion at December 31, 2008, due to the continuing weak economy in 2009. At December 31, 2009, loans held-for-sale were $54.8 million. There were no loans held-for-sale at December 31, 2008. The decline was primarily attributable to the following:

 

   

Commercial loans decreased $312.6 million, or 19.3%, to $1.31 billion at December 31, 2009, compared to $1.62 billion at December 31, 2008. Commercial loans consist primarily of short-term loans (normally with a maturity of one year or less) to support general business purposes, or to provide working capital to businesses in the form of lines of credit, trade-finance loans, loans for commercial purposes secured by cash, and SBA loans.

 

   

Real estate construction loans, excluding $17.1 million of construction loans held-for-sale, decreased $287.1 million, or 31.4%, to $626.1 million at December 31, 2009, compared to $913.2 million at December 31, 2008.

 

   

Commercial mortgage loans, excluding $37.7 million of commercial mortgage loans held-for-sale, decreased $67.7 million, or 1.6%, to $4.07 billion at December 31, 2009, compared to $4.13 billion at December 31, 2008. Total commercial mortgage loans accounted for 58.9% of gross loans at December 31, 2009, compared to 55.3% at December 31, 2008. Commercial mortgage loans include primarily commercial retail properties, shopping centers, and owner-occupied industrial facilities, and, secondarily, office buildings, multiple-unit apartments, hotels, and multi-tenanted industrial properties, and are typically secured by first deeds of trust on such commercial properties. In addition, the Bank provides medium-term commercial real estate loans secured by commercial or industrial buildings where the borrower either uses the property for business purposes or derives income from tenants.

 

   

Total residential mortgage loans and equity lines increased by $86.8 million, or 11.0%, to $878.3 million at December 31, 2009, compared to $791.5 million at December 31, 2008, primarily due to the U.S. government’s housing tax credit program.

 

Our lending relates predominantly to activities in the states of California, New York, Texas, Washington, Massachusetts, Illinois, and New Jersey, although we have some loans to domestic clients who are engaged in international trade. Our new branch in Hong Kong generated loans outstanding of $45.6 million as of December 31, 2009, compared to $27.6 million as of December 31, 2008.

 

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The classification of loans by type as of December 31 for each of the past five years is presented below:

 

Loan Type and Mix

 

    Amount Outstanding as of December 31,  
    2009     2008     2007     2006     2005  
    (In thousands)  

Commercial loans

  $ 1,307,880      $ 1,620,438      $ 1,435,861      $ 1,243,756      $ 1,110,401   

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

    878,266        791,497        663,707        574,422        431,289   

Commercial mortgage loans

    4,065,155        4,132,850        3,762,689        3,226,658        2,590,752   

Real estate construction loans

    626,087        913,168        799,230        685,206        500,027   

Installment loans

    13,390        11,340        15,099        13,257        13,662   

Other loans

    8,364        3,075        7,059        4,247        1,684   
                                       

Gross loans

    6,899,142        7,472,368        6,683,645        5,747,546        4,647,815   
                                       

Less:

         

Allowance for loan losses

    (211,889     (122,093     (64,983     (60,220     (56,438

Unamortized deferred loan fees

    (8,339     (10,094     (10,583     (11,984     (12,733
                                       

Total loans and leases, net

  $ 6,678,914      $ 7,340,181      $ 6,608,079      $ 5,675,342      $ 4,578,644   
                                       

Loans held for sale

  $ 54,826      $ —        $ —        $ —        $ —     
                                       

 

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The loan maturities in the table below are based on contractual maturities. As is customary in the banking industry, loans that meet underwriting criteria can be renewed by mutual agreement between us and the borrower. Because we are unable to estimate the extent to which our borrowers will renew their loans, the table is based on contractual maturities. As a result, the data shown below should not be viewed as an indication of future cash flows.

 

Contractual Maturity of Loan Portfolio

 

     Within One Year    One to Five Years    Over Five Years    Total  
     (In thousands)  

Commercial loans

           

Floating rate

   $ 794,276    $ 169,442    $ 46,212    $ 1,009,930   

Fixed rate

     228,476      61,363      8,111      297,950   

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

           

Floating rate

     —        722      209,413      210,135   

Fixed rate

     2,723      31,417      633,991      668,131   

Commercial mortgage loans

           

Floating rate

     618,856      770,379      755,322      2,144,557   

Fixed rate

     264,531      1,029,881      626,186      1,920,598   

Real estate construction loans

           

Floating rate

     589,848      18,839      52      608,739   

Fixed rate

     17,203      145      —        17,348   

Installment loans

           

Floating rate

     —        100      —        100   

Fixed rate

     12,725      565      —        13,290   

Other loans

           

Fixed rate

     8,364      —        —        8,364   
                             

Total Loans

   $ 2,537,002    $ 2,082,853    $ 2,279,287    $ 6,899,142   
                             

Floating rate

   $ 2,002,980    $ 959,482    $ 1,010,999    $ 3,973,461   

Fixed rate

     534,022      1,123,371      1,268,288      2,925,681   
                             

Total Loans

     2,537,002      2,082,853      2,279,287      6,899,142   
                             

Allowance for loan losses

              (211,889

Unamortized deferred loan fees

              (8,339
                 

Net loans

            $ 6,678,914   
                 

Loans held-for-sale

            $ 54,826   
                 

 

Deposits

 

The Bank primarily uses customer deposits to fund its operations, and to a lesser extent borrowings in the form of securities sold under agreements to repurchase, advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank, and other borrowings. The Bank’s deposits are generally obtained from the Bank’s geographic market area. The Bank utilizes traditional marketing methods to attract new customers and deposits, by offering a wide variety of products and services and utilizing various forms of advertising media. Although the vast majority of the Bank’s deposits are retail in nature, the Bank does engage in certain wholesale activities, primarily accepting time deposits from political subdivisions and public agencies. The Bank considers wholesale deposits to be an alternative borrowing source rather than a customer relationship and, as such, their levels are determined by management’s decisions as to the most economic funding sources. Brokered-deposits totaled $852.9 million, or 11.4% of total deposits at December 31, 2009, compared to $989.3 million, or 14.5%, at December 31, 2008, and public time deposits totaled $98.1 million, or 1.3%, of total deposits at December 31, 2009, compared to $509.2 million, or 7.4%, of total deposits at December 31, 2008.

 

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The Bank’s total deposits increased $668.3 million, or 9.8%, from $6.84 billion at December 31, 2008, to $7.51 billion at December 31, 2009. In 2009, money market deposits increased $283.7 million, or 43.0%, time deposits of $100,000 or more increased $253.4 million, or 7.8%, and non-interest-bearing demand deposits increased $134.1 million, or 18.4%. Offsetting the above increases were a decrease of $114.5 million, or 7.0%, in time deposits under $100,000 in 2009.

 

The following table displays the deposit mix for the past three years:

 

Deposit Mix

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  
     Amount    Percentage     Amount    Percentage     Amount    Percentage  
     (Dollars in thousands)  

Demand accounts

   $ 864,551    11.5   $ 730,433    10.7   $ 785,364    12.5

NOW accounts

     337,304    4.5        257,234    3.8        231,583    3.7   

Money market accounts

     943,164    12.6        659,454    9.6        681,783    10.8   

Saving accounts

     347,724    4.6        316,263    4.6        331,316    5.3   

Time deposits under $100,000

     1,529,954    20.4        1,644,407    24.1        1,311,251    20.9   

Time deposits of $100,000 or more

     3,482,343    46.4        3,228,945    47.2        2,937,070    46.8   
                                       

Total

   $ 7,505,040    100.0   $ 6,836,736    100.0   $ 6,278,367    100.0
                                       

 

Average total deposits grew $760.6 million, or 11.5%, to $7.39 billion during 2009 compared with average total deposits of $6.63 billion in 2008.

 

The following table displays average deposits and rates for the past five years:

 

Average Deposits and Average Rates

 

    2009     2008     2007     2006     2005  
    Amount   %     Amount   %     Amount   %     Amount   %     Amount   %  
    (Dollars in thousands)  

Demand

  $ 781,391   —     $ 772,982   —     $ 782,347   —     $ 761,991   —     $ 703,185   —  

NOW accounts

    295,770   0.36        255,185   0.61        232,114   1.22        237,113   1.18        245,904   0.61   

Money market accounts

    890,427   1.49        736,739   1.84        699,606   3.08        599,210   2.69        539,642   1.40   

Saving accounts

    338,781   0.24        334,222   0.36        344,066   0.95        374,570   0.91        390,787   0.51   

Time deposits

    5,084,309   2.33        4,530,923   3.56        3,852,468   4.72        3,344,931   4.12        2,929,365   2.79   
                                       

Total

  $ 7,390,678   1.81   $ 6,630,051   2.68   $ 5,910,601   3.54   $ 5,317,815   3.01   $ 4,808,883   1.93
                                                           

 

Management considers the Bank’s time deposits of $100,000 or more (Jumbo CDs) to be generally less volatile than other wholesale funding sources primarily because:

 

   

approximately 57.3% of the Bank’s Jumbo CDs have been on deposit with the Bank for two years or more;

 

   

the Jumbo CD portfolio is widely-held with 15,397 individual accounts averaging approximately $226,116 per account owned by 9,959 individual depositors as of December 31, 2009; and

 

   

the ratio of relatively higher percentage of Jumbo CDs to total deposits exists in most of the Asian-American banks in our California market because of a higher savings rate within the communities we serve.

 

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Management monitors the Jumbo CD portfolio to identify any changes in the deposit behavior in the market and of the customers the Bank is serving.

 

Of our Jumbo CDs, approximately 99.2% matured within one year as of December 31, 2009. The following tables display time deposits of $100,000 or more by maturity:

 

Time Deposits of $100,000 or More by Maturity

 

     At December 31, 2009
     (In thousands)

Less than three months

   $ 1,599,648

Three to six months

     963,164

Six to twelve months

     890,457

Over one year

     29,074
      

Total

   $ 3,482,343
      

 

The following table displays time deposits with a remaining term of more than one year at December 31, 2009:

 

Maturities of Time Deposits with a Remaining Term

of More Than One Year for Each

of the Five Years Following December 31, 2009

 

     (In thousands)

2011

   $ 139,073

2012

     151,569

2013

     296

2014

     59

2015

     —  

 

Borrowings

 

Borrowings include securities sold under agreements to repurchase, federal funds purchased, funds obtained as advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of San Francisco, and borrowings from other financial institutions.

 

There were no federal funds purchased as of December 31, 2009. Federal funds purchased were $52.0 million with a weighted average rate of 0.26% as of December 31, 2008. At December 31, 2009, other borrowings from a financial institution were $7.2 million with a weighted average rate of 0.57%. Other borrowings of $1.3 million will mature in September 2011 and $5.9 million will mature in the fourth quarter of 2011.

 

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase were $1.6 billion with a weighted average rate of 4.19% at December 31, 2009, compared to $1.6 billion with a weighted average rate of 3.95% at December 31, 2008. Seventeen floating-to-fixed rate agreements totaling $900.0 million are with initial floating rates for a period of time ranging from six months to one year, with the floating rates ranging from the three-month LIBOR minus 100 basis points to the three-month LIBOR minus 340 basis points. Thereafter, the rates are fixed for the remainder of the term, with interest rates ranging from 4.29% to 5.07%. After the initial floating rate term, the counterparties have the right to terminate the transaction at par at the fixed rate reset date and quarterly thereafter. Thirteen fixed-to-floating rate agreements totaling $650.0 million are with initial fixed rates ranging from 1.00% and 3.50% with initial fixed rate terms ranging from six months to eighteen months. For the remainder of the seven year term, the rates float at 8% minus the three-month LIBOR rate with a maximum rate

 

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ranging from 3.25% to 3.75% and minimum rate of 0.0%. After the initial fixed rate term, the counterparties have the right to terminate the transaction at par at the floating rate reset date and quarterly thereafter. At December 31, 2009, there was one short-term securities sold under agreements to repurchase of $7.0 million at rate of 1.2% which matured on January 4, 2010. The table below provides summary data for long-term securities sold under agreements to repurchase as of December 31, 2009:

 

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

 

(Dollars in millions)    Fixed-to-floating     Floating-to-fixed     Total  

Callable

     All callable at December 31, 2009        All callable at December 31, 2009     

Rate type

     Floating Rate        Fixed Rate     

Rate index

     8% minus three month LIBOR       
                  

Maximum rate

     3.75     3.50     3.50     3.25          

Minimum rate

     0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0          

No. of agreements

     3        5        4        1        2        1        10        4        30   

Amount

   $ 150.0      $ 250.0      $ 200.0      $ 50.0      $ 100.0      $ 50.0      $ 550.0      $ 200.0      $ 1,550.0   

Weighted average rate

     3.75     3.50     3.50     3.25     4.77     4.83     4.54     5.00     4.20

Final maturity

     2014        2014        2015        2015        2011        2012        2014        2017     

 

These transactions are accounted for as collateralized financing transactions and recorded at the amount at which the securities were sold. We may have to provide additional collateral for the repurchase agreements, as necessary. The underlying collateral pledged for the repurchase agreements consists of U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. government agency security debt, and mortgage-backed securities with a fair value of $1.8 billion as of December 31, 2009, and $1.7 billion as of December 31, 2008.

 

The table below provides comparative data for securities sold under agreements to repurchase for the years indicated:

 

     December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  
     (Dollars in thousands)  

Average amount outstanding during the year (1)

   $ 1,562,447      $ 1,554,023      $ 941,380   

Maximum amount outstanding at month-end (2)

     1,587,000        1,610,000        1,391,025   

Balance, December 31

     1,557,000        1,610,000        1,391,025   

Rate at year-end

     4.19     3.95     3.57

Weighted average interest rate for the year

     4.17     3.90     3.72

 

(1) Average balances were computed using daily averages.
(2) Highest month-end balances were February 2009, December 2008, and December 2007.

 

Total advances from the FHLB San Francisco decreased $520.0 million to $929.4 million at December 31, 2009, from $1.45 billion at December 31, 2008. Non-puttable advances totaled $229.4 million with a weighted rate of 4.76% and puttable advances totaled $700.0 million with a weighted average rate of 4.42% at December 31, 2009. The FHLB has the right to terminate the puttable transactions at par at each three-month anniversary after the first puttable date. As of December 31, 2009, all puttable FHLB advances were puttable but the FHLB had not exercised its right to terminate any of the puttable transactions.

 

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Long-term Debt

 

On September 29, 2006, the Bank issued $50.0 million in subordinated debt in a private placement transaction. The debt has a maturity term of 10 years and bears interest at a rate of three-month LIBOR plus 110 basis points. As of December 31, 2009, $50.0 million was outstanding with a rate of 1.35% under this note compared to $50.0 million at a rate of 2.56% at December 31, 2008. The subordinated debt qualifies as Tier 2 capital for regulatory reporting purpose and is included as a component of long-term debt in the consolidated balance sheet.

 

We established three special purpose trusts in 2003 and two in 2007 for the purpose of issuing Guaranteed Preferred Beneficial Interests in their Subordinated Debentures to outside investors (“Capital Securities”). The proceeds from the issuance of the Capital Securities as well as our purchase of the common stock of the special purpose trusts were invested in Junior Subordinated Notes of the Company (“Junior Subordinated Notes”). The trusts exist for the purpose of issuing the Capital Securities and investing in Junior Subordinated Notes. Subject to some limitations, payment of distributions out of the monies held by the trusts and payments on liquidation of the trusts, or the redemption of the Capital Securities, are guaranteed by the Company to the extent the trusts have funds on hand at such time. The obligations of the Company under the guarantees and the Junior Subordinated Notes are subordinate and junior in right of payment to all indebtedness of the Company and will be structurally subordinated to all liabilities and obligations of the Company’s subsidiaries. The Company has the right to defer payments of interest on the Junior Subordinated Notes at any time or from time to time for a period of up to twenty consecutive quarterly periods with respect to each deferral period. Under the terms of the Junior Subordinated Notes, the Company may not, with certain exceptions, declare or pay any dividends or distributions on its capital stock or purchase or acquire any of its capital stock if it has deferred payment of interest on any Junior Subordinated Notes.

 

At December 31, 2009, Junior Subordinated Notes totaled $121.1 million with a weighted average interest rate of 2.41% compared to $121.1 million with a weighted average rate of 4.02% at December 31, 2008. The Junior Subordinated Notes have a stated maturity term of 30 years. The Junior Subordinated Notes issued qualifies as Tier 1 capital for regulatory reporting purposes. The trusts are not consolidated with the Company in accordance with an accounting pronouncement that took effect in December 2003.

 

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Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements, Commitments, Guarantees, and Contractual Obligations

 

The following table summarizes the Company’s contractual obligations and commitments to make future payments as of December 31, 2009. Payments for deposits and borrowings do not include interest. Payments related to leases are based on actual payments specified in the underlying contracts. Loan commitments and standby letters of credit are presented at contractual amounts; however, since many of these commitments are expected to expire unused or only partially used, the total amounts of these commitments do not necessarily reflect future cash requirements.

 

    Payment Due by Period
    1 year
or less
  More than
1 year but
less than

3 years
  3 years or
more but
less than

5 years
  5 years
or more
  Total
    (Dollars in thousands)

Contractual obligations:

         

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (1)

  $ 7,000   $ 150,000   $ 950,000   $ 450,000   $ 1,557,000

Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank (2)

    65,000     864,362     —       —       929,362

Other borrowings

    —       7,212     —       19,320     26,532

Long-term debt

    —       —       —       171,136     171,136

Operating leases

    5,795     9,048     5,701     1,517     22,061

Deposits with stated maturity dates

    4,721,300     290,642     355     —       5,012,297
                             
  $ 4,799,095   $ 1,321,264   $ 956,056   $ 641,973   $ 7,718,388
                             

Other commitments:

         

Commitments to extend credit

    1,214,894     161,313     13,560     201,252     1,591,019

Standby letters of credit

    60,822     666     —       —       61,488

Commercial letters of credit

    49,257     —       —       —       49,257

Bill of lading guarantees

    300     —       —       —       300
                             

Total contractual obligations and other commitments

  $ 6,124,368   $ 1,483,243   $ 969,616   $ 843,225   $ 9,420,452
                             

 

(1) These repurchase agreements have a final maturity of 5 years, 7 years and 10 years from origination date but are callable on a quarterly basis after the six months or one year anniversary according to agreements.
(2) FHLB advances of $700.0 million that mature in 2012 have a callable option. On a quarterly basis, advances of $300.0 million are callable on the first anniversary date and of $400.0 million are callable on the second anniversary date.

 

In the normal course of business, we enter into various transactions, which, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, are not included in our consolidated balance sheets. We enter into these transactions to meet the financing needs of our customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.

 

Loan Commitments. We enter into contractual commitments to extend credit, normally with fixed expiration dates or termination clauses, at specified rates and for specific purposes. Substantially all of our commitments to extend credit are contingent upon customers maintaining specific credit standards at the time of loan funding. We minimize our exposure to loss under these commitments by subjecting them to credit approval and monitoring procedures. Management assesses the credit risk associated with certain commitments to extend credit in determining the level of the allowance for credit losses.

 

Standby Letters of Credit. Standby letters of credit are written conditional commitments issued by us to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. In the event the customer does not perform in accordance with the terms of agreement with the third party, we would be required to fund the commitment. The

 

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maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make is represented by the contractual amount of the commitment. If the commitment is funded, we would be entitled to seek reimbursement from the customer. Our policies generally require that standby letter of credit arrangements contain security and debt covenants similar to those contained in loan agreements.

 

Capital Resources

 

Stockholders’ Equity

 

We obtain capital primarily from retained earnings, the issuance of additional common stock and, to a lesser extent, through our Dividend Reinvestment Plan and stock option exercises.

 

In September 2009, the Company issued $32.4 million of new common stock consisting of 3,490,000 shares at an average price of $9.28 per share. Net of issuance costs and fees, this issuance added $31.4 million to common stockholders’ equity. On October 13, 2009, the Company issued $81.0 million of new common stock consisting of 8,756,756 shares at an average price of $9.25 per share. Net of issuance costs and fees, this issuance added $76.0 million to common stockholders’ equity. From November 23, 2009 through December 24, 2009, the Company issued $12.6 million of new common stock consisting of 1,623,100 shares at an average price of $7.73 per share. Net of issuance costs and fees, this issuance added $12.0 million to common stockholder’s equity. On February 1, 2010 the Company sold $132.3 million of new common stock consisting of 15,028,409 shares at an average price of $8.80 per share. Net of issuance costs and fees, this issuance added $125.2 million to common stockholders’ equity. In December 2008, we obtained additional capital of $258.0 million by participating in the U.S. Treasury Troubled Asset Relief Program (“TARP”) Capital Purchase Program under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008.

 

Total equity of $1.31 billion at December 31, 2009, was up $11.4 million, or 0.9%, compared to $1.30 billion at December 31, 2008. The increase in stockholders’ equity was due to $119.4 million from common stock issuances, reinvestment of dividends of $1.2 million and amortization of unearned compensation of $5.7 million offset by a net loss of $67.4 million, payments of dividends on preferred stock of $12.9 million, payments of dividends on common stock of $10.3 million, a decrease of $24.2 million in unrealized gains on securities, a tax short-fall of $0.2 million from the exercise of stock options, and the $8.5 million placement as a result of adoption of ASC Topic 805, Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB Statement No. 51. The Company paid common stock cash dividends of $0.205 per common share in 2009 and $0.42 per common share in 2008.

 

We have participated in the U.S. Treasury TARP Capital Purchase Program under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008. Pursuant to this program, on December 5, 2008, the U.S. Treasury purchased 258,000 shares of our Series B preferred stock in the amount of $258.0 million. The Series B preferred stock pays cumulative compounding dividends at a rate of 5% per year for the first five years, and thereafter at a rate of 9% per year. The shares are non-voting, other than class voting rights on matters that could adversely affect the shares. They are callable at par after three years. Prior to the end of three years, the senior preferred shares may only be redeemed with the proceeds from one or more qualified equity offerings. In conjunction with the purchase of senior preferred shares, the U.S. Treasury received warrants to purchase 1,846,374 shares of common stock at the exercise price of $20.96 with an aggregate market price equal to $38.7 million, 15% of the senior preferred stock amount that U.S. Treasury invested. The exercise price of $20.96 on warrants was calculated based on the average of closing prices of our common stock on the 20 trading days ending on the last trading day prior to November 17, 2008, the date that we received the preliminary approval for the capital purchase from the U.S. Treasury. The Company also adopted the U.S. Treasury’s standards for executive compensation and corporate governance for the period during which the U.S. Treasury holds securities issued under this program. The terms of this program could reduce investment returns to our stockholders by restricting dividends to common stockholders, diluting existing stockholders’ interests, and restricting capital management practices.

 

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As of December 31, 2009, we remained authorized to purchase up to 622,500 shares of our common stock under our November 2007 stock repurchase program. No shares were repurchased in 2008 and in 2009. As long as the U. S. Treasury owns any of our Series B preferred stock, we are precluded from any repurchase of our common stock. As discussed below under “Regulatory Matters,” we are also subject to other restrictions on the repurchase of our common stock.

 

Capital Adequacy

 

Management seeks to retain the Company’s capital at a level sufficient to support future growth, protect depositors and stockholders, and comply with various regulatory requirements. The primary measure of capital adequacy is based on the ratio of risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets. At December 31, 2009, Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 13.55%, total risk-based capital ratio of 15.43%, and Tier 1 leverage capital ratio of 9.64%, continued to place the Company in the “well capitalized” category, which is defined as institutions with Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio equal to or greater than 6.00%, total risk-based capital ratio equal to or greater than 10.00%, and Tier 1 leverage capital ratio equal to or greater than 5.00%. The comparable ratios for 2008 were Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 12.12%, total risk-based capital ratio of 13.94%, and Tier 1 leverage capital ratio of 9.79%.

 

Cathay Real Estate Investment Trust, of which 100% of the common stock is owned by the Bank, sold $4.4 million during 2003 and $4.2 million during 2004 of its 7.0% Series A Non-Cumulative preferred stock to accredited investors. During 2005, the Trust repurchased $131,000 of its preferred stock. This preferred stock qualifies as Tier 1 capital under current regulatory guidelines.

 

A table displaying the Bancorp’s and the Bank’s capital and leverage ratios at December 31, 2009 and 2008 is included in Note 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Dividend Policy

 

Holders of common stock are entitled to dividends as and when declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for the payment of dividends. Although we have historically paid cash dividends on our common stock, we are not required to do so. Commencing with the second quarter of 2009, our board of directors reduced our common stock dividend to $.08 per share. In the third and fourth quarters of 2009, our board of directors further reduced our dividend to $.01 per share. We recently adopted a capital management and dividend policy as part of our Three-Year Capital and Strategic Plan which included a policy to refrain from paying dividends in excess of $.01 per share per quarter, except when covered by operating earnings beginning in 2011. The amount of future dividends will depend on earnings, financial condition, capital requirements and other factors, and will be determined by our Board of Directors in accordance with the capital management and dividend policy.

 

Substantially all of the revenues of the Company available for payment of dividends derive from amounts paid to it by the Bank. The terms of the Bank Subordinated Securities limit the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to us if the Bank is not current in paying interest on the Bank Subordinated Securities or another event of default has occurred. As further discussed under “Regulatory Matters,” the Bank is subject to a restriction on dividends it may pay to the Bancorp under a memorandum of understanding with the DFI and the FDIC. Under the memorandum of understanding we entered into with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (FRB SF), we agreed that we will not, without the FRB SF’s prior written approval, receive any dividends or any other form of payment or distribution representing a reduction of capital from the Bank. In our Three-Year Capital and Strategic Plan, we indicated the Bank will not pay a dividend to us in 2010.

 

The terms of our Series B Preferred Stock and Junior Subordinated Securities also limit our ability to pay dividends on our common stock. If we are not current in our payment of dividends on our Series B Preferred Stock or in our payment of interest on our Junior Subordinated Securities, we may not pay dividends on our

 

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common stock. The Federal Reserve Board has previously issued Federal Reserve Supervision and Regulation Letter SR-09-4 that states that bank holding companies are expected to inform and consult with Federal Reserve supervisory staff prior to declaring and paying a dividend that exceeds earnings for the period for which the dividend is being paid. As a result of losses incurred in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2009, we were expected to so inform and consult with the Federal Reserve supervisory staff prior to declaring or paying any dividends and we have agreed under the memorandum of understanding with the FRB SF that we will not, without the FRB SF’s prior written approval, declare or pay any dividends, make any payments on trust preferred securities, or make any other capital distributions. There can be no assurance that our regulators will approve the payment of such dividends.

 

Under California State banking law, the Bank may not without regulatory approval pay a cash dividend which exceeds the lesser of the Bank’s retained earnings or its net income for the last three fiscal years, less any cash distributions made during that period. The amount of retained earnings available for cash dividends to Company, immediately after December 31, 2009, is restricted to approximately $39.4 million under this regulation.

 

Regulatory Matters

 

On December 17, 2009, the Bancorp entered into a memorandum of understanding with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (FRB SF) under which we agreed that we will not, without the FRB SF’s prior written approval, (i) receive any dividends or any other form of payment or distribution representing a reduction of capital from the Bank, or (ii) declare or pay any dividends, make any payments on trust preferred securities, or make any other capital distributions. Under the memorandum, we agreed to submit to the FRB SF for review and approval a plan to maintain sufficient capital at the Company on a consolidated basis and at the Bank, a dividend policy for the Bancorp, a plan to improve management of our liquidity position and funds management practices, and a liquidity policy and contingency funding plan for the Bancorp. As part of our compliance with the memorandum, on January 22, 2010, we submitted to the FRB SF a Three-Year Capital and Strategic Plan that updates a previously submitted plan and establishes, among other things, targets for our Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio, total risk-based capital ratio, Tier 1 leverage capital ratio and tangible common risk-based ratio, each of which, where applicable, are above the minimum requirements for a well-capitalized institution. In addition, we agreed to notify the FRB SF prior to effecting certain changes to our senior executive officers and board of directors and we are limited and/or prohibited, in certain circumstances, in our ability to enter into contracts to pay and to make golden parachute severance and indemnification payments. We also agreed in the memorandum that we will not, without the prior written approval of the FRB SF, directly or indirectly, (i) incur, renew, increase or guaranty any debt, (ii) issue any trust preferred securities, or (iii) purchase, redeem, or otherwise acquire any of our stock.

 

On March 1, 2010, the Bank entered into a memoranda of understanding with the Department of Financial Institutions (DFI) and the FDIC pursuant to which we are required to develop and implement, within specified time periods, plans satisfactory to the DFI and the FDIC to reduce commercial real estate concentrations, to enhance and to improve the quality of our stress testing of the Bank’s loan portfolio, and to revise our loan policy in connection therewith; to develop and adopt a strategic plan addressing improved profitability and capital ratios and to reduce the Bank’s overall risk profile; to develop and adopt a capital plan; to develop and implement a plan to improve asset quality, including the methodology for calculating the loss reserve allocation and evaluating its adequacy; and to develop and implement a plan to reduce dependence on wholesale funding. In addition, we are required to report our progress to the DFI and FDIC on a quarterly basis. We are subject to a restriction on dividends from the Bank to the Company, a requirement to maintain adequate allowance for loan and lease losses, and restrictions on any new branches and business lines without prior approval. We are currently required to notify the FDIC prior to effecting certain changes to our senior executive officers and board of directors and are limited and/or prohibited, in certain circumstances, in our ability to enter into contracts to pay and to make golden parachute severance and indemnification payments; we are required to retain management and directors acceptable to the DFI and the FDIC. Following discussions with regulators, the Board has resolved to establish a Compliance Committee to, among other things, review the Company’s management and governance and consider making recommendations for improvement.

 

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The Company and the Bank have taken appropriate steps to comply with the terms of their respective memorandums of understanding and we believe we are in compliance with the memorandums. In particular, on January 21, 2010 the Board of Directors of the Company appointed the Compliance Committee to review the Company’s management and governance and consider making recommendations for improvement and, on February 18, 2010, appointed the Company’s Audit Committee to oversee the implementation of the two memorandums. On February 1, 2010, net of issuance costs and fees, we raised $125.2 million in new capital through a public offering of common stock; see the section “Capital Resources — Stockholder’s Equity” above. We do not believe that the memorandums or our compliance activities will have a material adverse effect on our operations or financial condition, including liquidity. If we fail to comply with the terms of the memorandums, that failure could lead to additional enforcement action by regulators that could have a material adverse effect on our operations or financial condition.

 

Risk Elements of the Loan Portfolio

 

Non-performing Assets

 

Non-performing assets include loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest, non-accrual loans, and other real estate owned. The Company’s policy is to place loans on non-accrual status if interest and principal or either interest or principal is past due 90 days or more, or in cases where management deems the full collection of principal and interest unlikely. After a loan is placed on non-accrual status, any previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed and charged against current income and subsequent payments received are generally first applied towards the outstanding principal balance of the loan. Depending on the circumstances, management may elect to continue the accrual of interest on certain past due loans if partial payment is received and/or the loan is well collateralized and in the process of collection. The loan is generally returned to accrual status when the borrower has brought the past due principal and interest payments current and, in the opinion of management, the borrower has demonstrated the ability to make future payments of principal and interest as scheduled.

 

Management reviews the loan portfolio regularly for problem loans. During the ordinary course of business, management becomes aware of borrowers that may not be able to meet the contractual requirements of the loan agreements. Such loans are placed under closer supervision with consideration given to placing the loan on non-accrual status, the need for an additional allowance for loan losses, and (if appropriate) partial or full charge-off.

 

Total non-performing portfolio assets, excluding non-accrual loans held-for-sale, increased $99.9 million, or 39.6%, to $351.7 million at December 31, 2009, compared with $251.8 million at December 31, 2008, primarily due to a $99.4 million increase in non-accrual loans and a $7.1 million increase in OREO and other assets offset by a $6.7 million decrease in accruing loans past due 90 days or more.

 

As a percentage of gross loans, excluding loans held-for-sale, plus other real estate owned, our non-performing assets increased to 5.05% at December 31, 2009, from 3.34% at December 31, 2008. The non-performing portfolio loan coverage ratio, defined as the allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans, increased to 77.36% at December 31, 2009, from 68.87% at December 31, 2008.

 

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The following table presents the breakdown of total non-accrual, past due, and restructured loans for the past five years:

 

Non-accrual, Past Due and Restructured Loans

 

     December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007     2006     2005  
     (Dollars in thousands)  

Accruing loans past due 90 days or more

   $ —        $ 6,733      $ 9,265      $ 8,008      $ 2,106   

Non-accrual loans

     280,643        181,202        58,275        22,322        15,799   
                                        

Total non-performing loans

     280,643        187,935        67,540        30,330        17,905   
                                        

Real estate acquired in foreclosure and other assets

     71,014        63,892        16,147        5,259        —     
                                        

Total non-performing assets

   $ 351,657      $ 251,827      $ 83,687      $ 35,589      $ 17,905   
                                        

Troubled debt restructurings (1)

   $ 54,992      $ 924      $ 12,601      $ 955      $ 3,088   

Non-accrual loans held for sale

   $ 54,826      $ —        $ —        $ —        $ —     

Non-performing assets as a percentage of gross loans and other real estate owned at year-end

     5.05     3.34     1.25     0.62     0.39

Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of gross loans less non-performing loans

     3.28     1.78     0.00     0.00     0.00

Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of non-performing loans

     77.36     68.87     102.99     213.28     336.50

 

(1) Troubled debt restructurings accrue interest at their restructured terms.

 

The effect of non-accrual loans on interest income for the past five years is presented below:

 

     2009    2008    2007    2006    2005
     (In thousands)

Non-accrual Loans

              

Contractual interest due

   $ 23,746    $ 14,043    $ 5,324    $ 1,851    $ 1,308

Interest recognized

     9,830      8,782      2,756      851      157
                                  

Net interest foregone

   $ 13,916    $ 5,261    $ 2,568    $ 1,000    $ 1,151
                                  

 

As of December 31, 2009, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to those borrowers whose loans had been restructured, were considered impaired, or were on non-accrual status.

 

Non-accrual Loans

 

At December 31, 2009, total non-accrual portfolio loans of $280.6 million increased $99.4 million, or 54.9%, from $181.2 million at December 31, 2008. In 2009, the allowance for loan losses increased by $89.8 million, or 73.5%, to $211.9 million at December 31, 2009 from $122.1 million at December 31, 2008. The allowance for the collateral-dependent loans is calculated by the difference between the outstanding loan balance and the value of the collateral as determined by recent appraisals, sales contract, or other available market price information. The allowance for collateral-dependent loans varies from loan to loan based on the collateral coverage of the loan at the time of designation as non-performing. We continue to monitor the collateral coverage, based on recent appraisals, on these loans on a quarterly basis and adjust the allowance accordingly.

 

Non-accrual portfolio loans were $280.6 million at December 31, 2009, and consisted of thirteen residential construction loans totaling $54.5 million, nine non-farm non-residential construction loans totaling $36.8 million, forty-seven commercial real estate loans totaling $112.8 million, twenty land loans totaling $40.5 million, forty commercial loans totaling $26.6 million, and thirty-six residential mortgage loans totaling $9.5 million. Non-accrual loans also include those troubled debt restructurings that do not qualify for accrual status.

 

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At December 31, 2009, non-accrual loans held for sale of $54.8 million were comprised of $17.1 million for two residential construction loans, $11.7 million for seven commercial real estate loans, and $26.0 million for a commercial real estate loan which was sold on December 30, 2009. The sale of the $26.0 million commercial real estate loan will be recognized for financial reporting purposes during the first quarter of 2010 when the cash portion of the purchase price is received. Total charge-offs of $19.3 million were recorded during the fourth quarter of 2009 upon the transfer of loans to held for sale. During the fourth quarter, eight loans were sold for $22.0 million.

 

The comparable numbers for 2008 were eighteen residential construction loans totaling $107.5 million, an office building construction loan of $14.7 million, twenty-two commercial real estate loans totaling $19.7 million, eight land loans totaling $12.6 million, thirty-five commercial loans totaling $20.9 million, and seventeen residential mortgage loans totaling $5.8 million.

 

The following tables present the type of properties securing the non-accrual portfolio loans and the type of businesses the borrowers engaged in as of the dates indicated:

 

     December 31, 2009    December 31, 2008
     Real
Estate (1)
   Commercial    Real
Estate (1)
   Commercial
     (In thousands)

Type of Collateral

           

Single/Multi-family residence

   $ 69,408    $ 6,305    $ 117,393    $ 230

Commercial real estate

     159,031      1,076      30,297      715

Land

     25,634      —        12,608      —  

Personal Property (UCC)

     —        18,063      —        18,993

Unsecured

     —        1,126      —        966
                           

Total

   $ 254,073    $ 26,570    $ 160,298    $ 20,904
                           

 

(1) Real estate includes commercial mortgage loans, real estate construction loans, and residential mortgage loans and equity lines.

 

     December 31, 2009    December 31, 2008
     Real
Estate (1)
   Commercial    Real
Estate (1)
   Commercial
     (In thousands)

Type of Business

           

Real estate development

   $ 182,512    $ 664    $ 151,170    $ 4,878

Wholesale/Retail

     60,285      22,602      2,684      9,252

Food/Restaurant

     849      338      817      5,642

Import/Export

     1,797      2,966      —        1,132

Other

     8,630      —        5,627      —  
                           

Total

   $ 254,073    $ 26,570    $ 160,298    $ 20,904
                           

 

(1) Real estate includes commercial mortgage loans, real estate construction loans, and residential mortgage loans and equity lines.

 

Other Real Estate Owned

 

At December 31, 2009, the net carrying value of other real estate owned increased $10.0 million, or 16.4%, to $71.0 million from $61.0 million at December 31, 2008. OREO located in California was $51.6 million and was comprised primarily of six parcels of land zoned for residential purpose properties of $17.9 million, three office and commercial use buildings construction projects of $11.0 million, six office and commercial use

 

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buildings of $7.1 million, four retail shopping centers of $6.3 million, eight single family residential properties of $5.0 million, three multi-family residential properties of $2.7 million, a multi-family residential construction project of $1.4 million, and a restaurant of $209,000. OREO located in Texas was comprised of twelve properties, including two multi-family residences of $5.7 million, three office and commercial use buildings of $4.5 million, two retail stores and shopping centers totaling $1.2 million, and four single family residential properties of $1.4 million. OREO located in the state of Washington was $4.3 million and in all other states was $2.4 million.

 

For 2008, OREO located in California was comprised of eight properties, including $13.5 million for land zoned for residential and retail purposes in Riverside County, California; $10.3 million for land zoned for apartments in Anaheim, California; $4.4 million for a condo project in Los Angeles, California; $3.7 million for four pieces of land zoned for residential purposes; and three other properties totaling $0.6 million. OREO located in Texas was comprised of five properties, including two shopping centers totaling $16.2 million, a $7.1 million apartment building, a $1.4 million hotel, and a $0.8 million office building.

 

Troubled Debt Restructurings

 

A troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) is a formal modification of the terms of a loan when the Bank, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower. The concessions may be granted in various forms, including reduction in the stated interest rate, reduction in the amount of principal amortization, forgiveness of a portion of a loan balance or accrued interest, or extension of the maturity date. Although these loan modifications are considered ASC 310-40, formerly SFAS 15, troubled debt restructurings, the loans have, pursuant to the Bank’s policy, performed under the restructured terms and have demonstrated sustained performance under the modified terms for six months before being returned to accrual status. The sustained performance considered by management pursuant to its policy includes the periods prior to the modification if the prior performance met or exceeded the modified terms. This would include cash paid by the borrower prior to the restructure to set up interest reserves.

 

A summary of TDRs by type of concession and by accrual/non-accrual status is shown below:

 

    Accruing   Non-accrual   Total
    Amount   No. of Loans   Amount   No. of Loans   Amount   No. of Loans
    (Dollars in thousands)

As of December 31, 2009

           

Interest deferral

  $ 8,864   1   $ 5,764   2   $ 14,628   3

Principal deferral

    34,716   9     9,322   6     44,038   15

Rate reduction

    863   3     8,886   1     9,749   4

Rate reduction and forgiveness of principal

    10,549   1     —     —       10,549   1

Rate reduction and payment deferral

    —     —       17,637   3     17,637   3
                             

Total

  $ 54,992   14   $ 41,609   12   $ 96,601   26
                             

As of December 31, 2008

           

Rate reduction

  $ 924   3   $ 10,690   4   $ 11,614   7
                             

Total

  $ 924   3   $ 10,690   4   $ 11,614   7
                             

 

Troubled debt restructurings on accrual status totaled $55.0 million at December 31, 2009, and were comprised of 14 loans, an increase of $54.1 million, compared to three loans totaling $924,000 at December 31, 2008. TDRs at December 31, 2009, were comprised of four office and commercial use buildings of $28.3 million, three multi-family residential loans of $11.6 million, a hotel loan of $10.3 million, two land loans of $2.3 million, three shopping center loans of $2.1 million and a single family residential loan of $485,000. The Company expects that the troubled debt restructuring loans on accruing status as of December 31, 2009, which are all performing in accordance with their restructured terms, to continue to comply with the restructured terms

 

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because of the reduced principal or interest payments on $43.6 million of these loans and the additional collateral contributed on the $10.5 million construction loan concurrent with the Bank’s forgiveness of $4.2 million of the principal balance.

 

Impaired Loans

 

A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement based on current circumstances and events. The assessment for impairment occurs when and while such loans are on non-accrual as a result of delinquency status of over ninety days or receipt of information indicating that full collection of principal is doubtful, or when the loan has been restructured in a troubled debt restructuring. Those loans with a balance less than our defined selection criteria, generally a loan amount less than $100,000, are treated as a homogeneous portfolio. If loans meeting the defined criteria are not collateral dependent, we measure the impairment based on the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. If loans meeting the defined criteria are collateral dependent, we measure the impairment by using the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral. We obtain an appraisal to determine the amount of impairment at the date that the loan becomes impaired. The appraisals are based on “as is” or bulk sale valuations. To ensure that appraised values remain current, we generally obtain an updated appraisal every six months from qualified independent appraisers. Furthermore, if the most current appraisal is dated more than three months prior to the effective date of the impairment test, we validate the most current value with third party market data appropriate to the location and property type of the collateral. If the third party market data indicates that the value of our collateral property values has declined since the most recent valuation date, we adjust downward the value of the property to reflect current market conditions. If the fair value of the collateral is less than the recorded amount of the loan, we then recognize impairment by creating or adjusting an existing valuation allowance with a corresponding charge to the provision for loan losses. If an impaired loan is expected to be collected through liquidation of the collateral, the amount of impairment, excluding disposal costs, which range between 5% to 10% of the fair value, depending on the size of the impaired loan, is charged off against the allowance for loan losses. Non-accrual impaired loans are not returned to accruing status unless the unpaid interest has been brought current and full repayment of the recorded balance is expected or if the borrower has made six consecutive monthly payments of the scheduled amounts due and are continued to be reviewed for continued impairment until they are no longer reported as troubled debt restructurings.

 

We identified impaired loans with a recorded investment of $390.5 million at December 31, 2009, compared to $181.2 million at December 31, 2008. The average balance of impaired loans was $359.6 million in 2009 and $106.7 million in 2008. We considered all non-accrual loans to be impaired. Interest collected on impaired loans totaled $9.8 million in 2009 and $8.8 million in 2008. As of December 31, 2009, $254.1 million, or 90.5%, of the $280.6 million of non-accrual portfolio loans were secured by real estate. As of December 31, 2008, $160.3 million, or 88.5%, of the $181.2 million of non-accrual loans were secured by real estate. While increases in the non-accrual loan balance are indicative of an overall loan portfolio deterioration, increased percentages of well-secured collateral-dependent loans within the non-accrual loan breakdown provide less need of corresponding increases to the allowance for loan losses. In light of declining property values in the current economic downturn affecting the real estate markets, the Bank has obtained current appraisals, sales contract, or other available market price information which provides updated factors in evaluating potential loss.

 

At December 31, 2009, $15.1 million of the $211.9 million allowance for loan losses was allocated for impaired loans and $196.8 million was allocated to the general allowance. At December 31, 2008, $28.5 million of the $122.1 million allowance for loan losses was allocated for impaired loans and $93.6 million was allocated to the general allowance. The decrease in the amount of the allowance for loan losses allocated to impaired loans resulted from the charge-offs of impairment reserves. The remainder of the allowance for loan losses is a general allowance and has increased during 2009 as a result of the increase in the amount of loans rated Minimally Acceptable, Special Mention, or Substandard, the increase in the historical loss factors determined through higher reserve rates from the migration analysis as a result of the high level of charge-offs, and the changes in environmental factors described in Allowance for Loan Losses above. In 2009, net loan charge-offs were $219.3

 

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million, or 3.02%, of average loans compared to $46.8 million, or 0.65%, of average loans in 2008. The increase in the allowance for loan losses in 2009 is directionally consistent with the underlying credit quality of the applicable loan portfolios and net charge-offs.

 

The allowance for credit losses to non-accrual loans increased to 77.4% at December 31, 2009, from 71.4% at December 31, 2008. Included in non-accrual commercial real estate loans is a borrower with an outstanding balance of $47.6 million to a borrower who filed for bankruptcy in March 2009. While the loan is non-accrual at December 31, 2009, management believes that the value of the underlying real estate collateral is sufficient for a full collection of principal and interest. At December 31, 2009, the allowance for credit losses to non-accrual loans excluding the $47.6 million well secured loan would have been 93.2%. Non-accrual loans also include those troubled debt restructurings that do not qualify for accrual status.

 

The following table presents impaired loans and the related allowance and charge-off as of the dates indicated:

 

     Impaired Loans  
     Balance    Allowance     Allowance as a
% of Balance
    Cumulative
Charge-off
   Cumulative
Charge-off as a
% of Balance
 
     (Dollars in thousands)  

At December 31, 2009

  

With no allocated allowance

            

Without charge-off

   $ 153,380    $ —        —        $ —      —     

With charge-off

     84,886      —        —          39,414    31.71

With allocated allowance

            

Without charge-off

     27,388      934      3.41     —      —     

With charge-off

     124,807      14,199      11.38     61,792    33.11
                          

Total

   $ 390,461    $ 15,133      3.88   $ 101,206    20.58
                          

Allowance allocated to impaired loans as a percentage to balance of impaired loans with allowance allocated

        9.94       

At December 31, 2008

            

With no allocated allowance

            

Without charge-off

   $ 60,519    $ —        —        $ —      —     

With charge-off

     19,332      —        —          18,689    49.15

With allocated allowance

            

Without charge-off

     88,468      26,003      29.39     —      —     

With charge-off

     12,883      2,535      19.68     10,125    44.01
                          

Total

   $ 181,202    $ 28,538      15.75   $ 28,814    13.72
                          

Allowance allocated to impaired loans as a percentage to balance of impaired loans with allowance allocated

        28.16       

 

For impaired loans at December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2008, the amounts previously charged off represent 20.6% and 13.7% of the contractual balances for impaired loans. At December 31, 2009, $153.4 million of impaired loans had no allocated allowance and had no previous charge-offs. Performing troubled debt restructuring total $41.2 million and are included in the $151.8 million total. The remaining $112.2 million of impaired loans with no allocated allowance and no previous charge-offs were comprised of a loan of $47.6 million which is expected to be restructured during the second quarter of 2010 with no loss, a loan for $9.4 million which was restored to accrual status in January 2010, a loan for $7.5 million and 61 other loans

 

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totaling $47.7 million where the fair value of the collateral exceeded the loan amounts. Despite the significant deterioration in the real estate values in our market area, many of the loans originated by the Bank were originally made with loan-to-value ratios below 70%, such that even after taking the sometimes significant market depreciation into consideration, the current value of the underlying collateral continues to exceed the loan balance. The impaired loans included in the table above are comprised of $38.8 million in commercial loans and $351.7 million in real estate loans as of December 31, 2009, and comprised of $20.9 million in commercial loans and $160.3 million in real estate loans as of December 31, 2008.

 

Loan Interest Reserves

 

In accordance with customary banking practice, construction loans and land development loans are originated where interest on the loan is disbursed from pre-established interest reserves included in the total original loan commitment. Our construction and land development loans generally include optional renewal terms after the maturity of the initial loan term. New appraisals are obtained prior to extension or renewal of these loans in part to determine the appropriate interest reserve to be established for the new loan term. Loans with interest reserves are underwritten to the same criteria, including loan to value and if applicable, pro forma debt service coverage ratios, as loans without interest reserves. Construction loans with interest reserves are monitored on a periodic basis to gauge progress towards completion. Interest reserves are frozen if it is determined that additional draws would result in a loan to value ratio that exceeds policy maximums based on collateral property type. Our policy limits in this regard are consistent with supervisory limits and range from 65% in the case of land to 85% in the case of 1- to 4-family residential construction projects.

 

A summary of loans with interest reserves follows:

 

     Balance    Remaining
Interest
Reserves
   Loans
Extended
     (Dollars in thousands)

At December 31, 2009

        

Construction loans

   $ 325,689    $ 29,121    $ 136,483

Land loans

     11,752      591      3,722
                    

Total

   $ 337,441    $ 29,712    $ 140,205
                    

At December 31, 2008

        

Construction loans

   $ 473,927    $ 51,431    $ 122,772

Land loans

     53,459      3,109      18,443
                    

Total

   $ 527,386    $ 54,540    $ 141,215
                    

 

At December 31, 2009, the Bank had no loans on nonaccrual status with available interest reserves. At December 31, 2009, $54.4 million of nonaccrual residential construction loans, $37.0 million of nonaccrual non-residential construction loans, and $20.9 million of nonaccrual land loans had been originated with pre-established interest reserves. At December 31, 2008, $100.2 million of nonaccrual residential construction loans, $22.0 million of nonaccrual non-residential construction loans, and $8.1 million of nonaccrual land loans had been originated with pre-established interest reserves.

 

While loans with interest reserves are typically expected to be repaid in full according to the original contractual terms, some loans require one or more extensions beyond the original maturity. Typically, these extensions are required due to construction delays, delays in sales or lease of property, or some combination of these two factors.

 

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Loan Concentration

 

Most of the Company’s business activity is with customers located in the predominantly Asian areas of California; New York City; Dallas and Houston, Texas; Seattle, Washington; Boston, Massachusetts; Chicago, Illinois; and New Jersey. The Company has no specific industry concentration, and generally its loans are collateralized with real property or other pledged collateral. Loans are generally expected to be paid off from the operating profits of the borrowers, refinancing by another lender, or through sale by the borrowers of the secured collateral.

 

We experienced no loan concentrations to multiple borrowers in similar activities that exceeded 10% of total loans as of December 31, 2009. See Part I — Item 1A — “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of some of the factors that may affect us.

 

Allowance for Credit Losses

 

The Bank maintains the allowance for credit losses at a level that is considered adequate to cover the estimated and known inherent risks in the loan portfolio and off-balance sheet unfunded credit commitments. Allowance for credit losses is comprised of allowances for loan losses and for off-balance sheet unfunded credit commitments. With this risk management objective, the Bank’s management has an established monitoring system that is designed to identify impaired and potential problem loans, and to permit periodic evaluation of impairment and the adequacy level of the allowance for credit losses in a timely manner.

 

In addition, our Board of Directors has established a written credit policy that includes a credit review and control system which it believes should be effective in ensuring that the Bank maintains an adequate allowance for credit losses. The Board of Directors provides oversight for the allowance evaluation process, including quarterly evaluations, and determines whether the allowance is adequate to absorb losses in the credit portfolio. The determination of the amount of the allowance for credit losses and the provision for credit losses is based on management’s current judgment about the credit quality of the loan portfolio and takes into consideration known relevant internal and external factors that affect collectibility when determining the appropriate level for the allowance for credit losses. The nature of the process by which the Bank determines the appropriate allowance for credit losses requires the exercise of considerable judgment. Additions to the allowance for credit losses are made by charges to the provision for credit losses. Identified credit exposures that are determined to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for credit losses. Recoveries of previously charged off amounts, if any, are credited to the allowance for credit losses. A weakening of the economy or other factors that adversely affect asset quality has resulted in an increase in the number of delinquencies, bankruptcies, and defaults, and a higher level of non-performing assets, net charge-offs, and provision for loan losses in the current period. See Part I — Item 1A — “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements or historical performance.

 

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The following table sets forth the information relating to the allowance for loan losses, charge-offs, recoveries, and the reserve for off-balance sheet credit commitments for the past five years:

 

Allowance for Credit Losses

 

    Amount Outstanding as of December 31,  
    2009     2008     2007     2006     2005  
    (Dollars in thousands)  

Allowance for Loan Losses

         

Balance at beginning of year

  $ 122,093      $ 64,983      $ 60,220      $ 56,438      $ 58,832   

Provision/(reversal) for credit losses

    307,000        106,700        11,000        2,000        (500

Transfers to reserve for off-balance sheet credit commitments

    2,125        (2,756     (107     (656     235   

Charge-offs:

         

Commercial loans

    (59,370     (12,932     (7,503     (1,985     (5,176

Construction loans-residential

    (71,147     (20,653     (978     —          —     

Construction loans-other

    (22,128     —          —          —          —     

Real estate loans

    (52,931     (5,291     (903     (3     —     

Real estate land loans

    (16,967     (9,553     (667     —          —     

Installment loans and other loans

    (4     (254     (23     (42     (39
                                       

Total charge-offs

    (222,547     (48,683     (10,074     (2,030     (5,215

Recoveries:

         

Commercial loans

    904        1,750        3,025        1,243        2,850   

Construction loans-residential

    1,140        83        190        —          212   

Real estate loans

    461        —          265        41        —     

Real estate-land loans

    692        —          —          —          —     

Installment loans and other loans

    21        16        32        31        24   
                                       

Total recoveries

    3,218        1,849        3,512        1,315        3,086   

Allowance from acquisitions

    —          —          432        3,153        —     
                                       

Balance at end of year

  $ 211,889      $ 122,093      $ 64,983      $ 60,220      $ 56,438   
                                       

Reserve for off-balance sheet credit commitments

         

Balance at beginning of year

  $ 7,332      $ 4,576      $ 4,469      $ 3,813      $ 4,048   

Provision (reversal) for credit losses/transfers

    (2,125     2,756        107        656        (235
                                       

Balance at end of year

  $ 5,207      $ 7,332      $ 4,576      $ 4,469      $ 3,813   
                                       

Average loans outstanding during year ended (1)

  $ 7,262,831      $ 7,214,689      $ 6,170,505      $ 5,310,564      $ 4,165,301   

Ratio of net charge-offs to average loans outstanding during the year (1)

    3.02     0.65     0.11     0.01     0.05

Provision for credit losses to average loans outstanding during the year (1)

    4.23     1.48     0.18     0.04     —  

Allowance for credit losses to non-performing portfolio loans at year-end (2)

    77.36     68.87     102.99     213.28     336.50

Allowance for credit losses to gross loans at year-end (1)

    3.15     1.73     1.04     1.13     1.30
                                       

 

(1) Excluding loans held-for-sale

(2) Excluding non-accrual loans held-for-sale

 

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Our allowance for loan losses consists of the following:

 

   

Specific allowance: For impaired loans, we provide specific allowances for loans that are not collateral dependent based on an evaluation of the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate and for loans that are collateral dependent based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, which is determined based on the most recent valuation information received, which may be adjusted based on factors such as changes in market conditions from the time of valuation. If the measure of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, the deficiency will be charged off against the allowance for loan losses or, alternatively, a specific allocation will be established.

 

   

General allowance: The unclassified portfolio is segmented on a group basis. Segmentation is determined by loan type and common risk characteristics. The non-impaired loans are grouped into fourteen segments: two commercial segments, one commercial real estate segment, three residential construction segments, three non-residential construction segments, one SBA segment, one installment loans segment, one residential mortgage segment, one equity lines of credit segment and one overdrafts segment. The allowance is provided for each segmented group based on the group’s historical loan loss experience aggregated based on loan risk classifications which takes into account the current financial condition of the borrowers and guarantors, the prevailing value of the underlying collateral if collateral dependent, charge-off history, management’s knowledge of the portfolio, general economic conditions, and environmental factors which include the trends in delinquency and non-accrual, and other significant factors, such as national and local economy, the volume and composition of the portfolio, strength of management and loan staff, underwriting standards, and the concentration of credit. In addition, management reviews reports on past-due loans to ensure appropriate classifications. During the third quarter of 2007, we revised our minimum loss rates for loans rated Special Mention and Substandard to incorporate the results of a classification migration model reflecting actual losses beginning in 2003. Beginning in the third quarter of 2007, minimum loss rates have been assigned for loans graded Minimally Acceptable instead of grouping these loans with the unclassified portfolio. During the second quarter of 2009, in light of the continued deterioration in the economy and the increases in non-accrual loans and charge-offs and based in part on regulatory considerations, we shortened the period used in the migration analysis from five years to four years to better reflect the impact of the most recent charge-offs, which increased the allowance for loan and lease losses by $3.9 million; we increased the general allowance to reflect the higher loan delinquency trends, the weaker national and local economy and the increased difficulty in assigning loan grades, which increased the allowance for loan and lease losses by $13.2 million, and we also applied the environmental factors described above to loans rated Minimally Acceptable, Special Mention and Substandard, which increased the allowance for loan and lease losses by $11.8 million. During the fourth quarter of 2009, we changed our migration loss analysis to reduce the weighting of the first two years of the four year migration analysis by half to better reflect the impact of more recent losses, and further segmented the construction loan portfolios into three geographic segments. The changes made during the fourth quarter of 2009 did not have a significant impact on the allowance for loan losses.

 

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The table set forth below reflects management’s allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan category and the ratio of each loan category to the total loans as of the dates indicated:

 

Allocation of Allowance for Loan Losses

 

    As of December 31,  
    2009     2008     2007     2006     2005  
    Amount   Percentage
of Loans in
Each
Category to
to Average
Gross Loans
    Amount   Percentage
of Loans in
Each
Category to
to Average
Gross Loans
    Amount   Percentage
of Loans in
Each
Category to
to Average
Gross Loans
    Amount   Percentage
of Loans in
Each
Category to
to Average
Gross Loans
    Amount   Percentage
of Loans in
Each
Category to
to Average
Gross Loans
 
    (Dollars in thousands)  

Type of Loans:

                   

Commercial loans

  $ 57,815   20.2   $ 44,508   21.7   $ 24,081   21.1   $ 31,067   20.9   $ 29,487   24.5

Residential mortgage loans and equity lines

    8,480   11.4        2,678   10.2        1,314   9.9        1,458   9.1        1,020   9.0   

Commercial mortgage loans

    100,494   56.8        35,060   55.7        26,646   56.4        22,226   57.6        20,624   55.0   

Real estate construction loans

    45,086   11.3        39,820   12.1        12,906   12.1        5,449   11.8        5,293   10.9   

Installment loans

    14   0.2        27   0.2        36   0.3        11   0.3        10   0.3   

Other loans

    —     0.1        —     0.1        —     0.2        9   0.3        4   0.3   
                                                           

Total

  $ 211,889   100.0   $ 122,093   100.0   $ 64,983   100.0   $ 60,220   100.0   $ 56,438   100.0
                                                           

 

The increase of $13.3 million in the allowance allocated to commercial loans to $57.8 million at December 31, 2009, from December 31, 2008, is due primarily to an increase in loans risk graded Substandard and Doubtful due in part to continuing weakness in the economy. At December 31, 2009, forty commercial loans totaling $26.6 million were on non-accrual status and no commercial loans were past due 90 days and still accruing interest. At December 31, 2008, thirty five commercial loans totaling $20.9 million were on non-accrual status and no commercial loans were past due 90 days and still accruing interest. Commercial loans comprised 9.9% of impaired loans and 9.5% of non-accrual portfolio loans at December 31, 2009, compared to 11.5% of impaired loans and 11.5% of non-accrual loans at December 31, 2008.

 

The allowance allocated to residential mortgage loans and equity lines increased $5.8 million, from $2.7 million at December 31, 2008, to $8.5 million at December 31, 2009 primarily due to an increase in loans risk graded Substandard.

 

The increase in the allowance allocated to commercial mortgage loans from $35.1 million at December 31, 2008, to $100.5 million at December 31, 2009, was due to the increase in loans risk graded Substandard due in part to the continuing weak economy. The overall allowance of total commercial mortgage loans was 2.5% for the year ended December 31, 2009, and 0.8% for the year ended December 31, 2008. At December 31, 2009, forty-seven commercial mortgage loans totaling $112.8 million were on non-accrual status and no commercial mortgage loan was past due 90 days and still accruing interest. At December 31, 2008, thirty commercial mortgage loans totaling $32.3 million were on non-accrual status and one commercial mortgage loan of $4.1 million was past due 90 days and still accruing interest. Commercial mortgage loans comprised 59.8% of impaired loans and 54.6% of non-accrual portfolio loans at December 31, 2009, compared to 17.8% of impaired loans, 17.8% of non-accrual loans, and 60.9% of loans over 90 days still on accrual status at December 31, 2008.

 

The allowance allocated for construction loans increased $5.3 million to $45.1 million, or 7.2%, of construction loans at December 31, 2009, compared to $39.8 million, or 4.4%, of construction loans at December 31, 2008, primarily due to an increase in the amount of construction loans risk graded as Substandard

 

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during 2009 as a result of slower housing sales and lower selling prices in California. At December 31, 2009, twenty two construction loans totaling $91.3 million were on non-accrual status and no construction loan was past due 90 days and still accruing interest. At December 31, 2008, twenty construction loans totaling $122.2 million were on non-accrual status and a $2.6 million construction loan was past due 90 days and still accruing interest. Construction loans comprised 27.7% of impaired loans and 32.5% of non-accrual portfolio loans at December 31, 2009, compared to 67.4% of impaired loans, 67.4% of non-accrual loans, and 39.1% of loans over 90 days still on accrual status at December 31, 2008.

 

Also, see Part I — Item 1A — “Risk Factors” above in this Annual Report Form 10-K for additional factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements or historical performance.

 

Liquidity

 

Liquidity is our ability to maintain sufficient cash flow to meet maturing financial obligations and customer credit needs, and to take advantage of investment opportunities as they are presented in the marketplace. Our principal sources of liquidity are growth in deposits, proceeds from the maturity or sale of securities and other financial instruments, repayments from securities and loans, federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and advances from the FHLB. At December 31, 2009, our liquidity ratio (defined as net cash and short-term and marketable securities to net deposits and short-term liabilities) increased to 25.4% primarily due to higher securities balances, compared to 15.8% at December 31, 2008.

 

The Bank is a shareholder of the FHLB, which enables the Bank to have access to lower-cost FHLB financing when necessary. At December 31, 2009, the Bank had an approved credit line with the FHLB of San Francisco totaling $2.35 billion. Total advances from the FHLB of San Francisco at December 31, 2009, were $929.4 million of which $229.4 million are non-callable advances and $700.0 million are callable advances. These borrowings bear fixed rates and are secured by loans and securities. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. At December 31, 2009, the Bank pledged $465.9 million of its construction loans to the Federal Reserve Bank’s Discount Window under the Borrower-in-Custody program. The Bank had borrowing capacity of $276.0 million from Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window at December 31, 2009.

 

Liquidity can also be provided through the sale of liquid assets, which consist of federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell, and securities available-for-sale. At December 31, 2009, investment securities totaled $3.55 billion, with $1.97 billion pledged as collateral for borrowings and other commitments. The remaining $1.58 billion was available as additional liquidity or to be pledged as collateral for additional borrowings.

 

Approximately 94.2% of our time deposits mature within one year or less as of December 31, 2009. Management anticipates that there may be some outflow of these deposits upon maturity due to the keen competition in the Bank’s marketplace. However, based on our historical runoff experience, we expect the outflow will not be significant and can be replenished through our normal growth in deposits. Management believes all the above-mentioned sources will provide adequate liquidity for the next twelve months to the Bank to meet its operating needs.

 

The Company obtains funding for its activities primarily through dividend income contributed by the Bank, the issuance of additional common stock and, to a lesser extent, proceeds from the issuance of the Bancorp common stock through our Dividend Reinvestment Plan and exercise of stock options. Dividends paid to the Bancorp by the Bank are subject to regulatory limitations and approval. The business activities of the Bancorp consist primarily of the operation of the Bank with limited activities in other investments. Management believes the Bancorp’s liquidity generated from its prevailing sources is sufficient to meet its operational needs.

 

Also, see Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements regarding commitments and contingencies.

 

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

See Note 1 — “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for details of recent accounting pronouncements and their expected impact, if any, on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

 

Market Risk

 

Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and rates. The principal market risk to the Company is the interest rate risk inherent in our lending, investing, deposit taking and borrowing activities, due to the fact that interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities do not re-price at the same rate, to the same extent, or on the same basis.

 

We monitor and manage our interest rate risk through analyzing the re-pricing characteristics of our loans, securities, deposits, and borrowings on an on-going basis. The primary objective is to minimize the adverse effects of changes in interest rates on our earnings, and ultimately the underlying market value of equity, while structuring our asset-liability composition to obtain the maximum spread. Management uses certain basic measurement tools in conjunction with established risk limits to regulate its interest rate exposure. Due to the limitation inherent in any individual risk management tool, we use a simulation model to measure and quantify the impact to our profitability as well as to estimate changes to the market value of our assets and liabilities.

 

We use a net interest income simulation model to measure the extent of the differences in the behavior of the lending, investing, and funding rates to changing interest rates, so as to project future earnings or market values under alternative interest rate scenarios. Interest rate risk arises primarily through the traditional business activities of extending loans, investing securities, accepting deposits, and borrowings. Many factors, including economic and financial conditions, movements in interest rates, and consumer preferences affect the spread between interest earned on assets and interest paid on liabilities. The net interest income simulation model is designed to measure the volatility of net interest income and net portfolio value, defined as net present value of assets and liabilities, under immediate rising or falling interest rate scenarios in 25 basis points increments.

 

Although the modeling is very helpful in managing interest rate risk, it does require significant assumptions for the projection of loan prepayment rates on mortgage related assets, loan volumes and pricing, and deposit and borrowing volume and pricing, that might prove inaccurate. Because these assumptions are inherently uncertain, the model cannot precisely estimate net interest income, or precisely predict the effect of higher or lower interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from simulated results due to the timing, magnitude, and frequency of interest rates changes, the differences between actual experience and the assumed volume, changes in market conditions, and management strategies, among other factors. The Company monitors its interest rate sensitivity and attempts to reduce the risk of a significant decrease in net interest income caused by a change in interest rates.

 

We establish a tolerance level in our policy to define and limit interest income volatility to a change of plus or minus 15% when the hypothetical rate change is plus or minus 200 basis points. When the net interest rate simulation projects that our tolerance level will be met or exceeded, we seek corrective action after considering, among other things, market conditions, customer reaction, and the estimated impact on profitability. At December 31, 2009, if interest rates were to increase instantaneously by 100 basis points, the simulation indicated that our net interest income over the next twelve months would decrease by 0.1%, and if interest rates were to increase instantaneously by 200 basis points, the simulation indicated that our net interest income over the next twelve months would decrease by 1.8%. Conversely, if interest rates were to decrease instantaneously by 100 basis points, the simulation indicated that our net interest income over the next twelve months would increase by 3.0%, and if interest rates were to decrease instantaneously by 200 basis points, the simulation indicated that our net interest income over the next twelve months would decrease by 1.1%.

 

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Our simulation model also projects the net market value of our portfolio of assets and liabilities. We have established a tolerance level to value the net market value of our portfolio of assets and liabilities in our policy to a change of plus or minus 15% when the hypothetical rate change is plus or minus 200 basis points. At December 31, 2009, if interest rates were to increase instantaneously by 200 basis points, the simulation indicated that the net market value of our portfolio of assets and liabilities would decrease by 7.3%, and conversely, if interest rates were to decrease instantaneously by 200 basis points, the simulation indicated that the net market value of our assets and liabilities would increase by 8.2%.

 

Quantitative Information About Interest Rate Risk

 

The following table shows the carrying value of our financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates, categorized by expected maturity, as well as the instruments’ total fair values at December 31, 2009, and 2008. For assets, expected maturities are based on contractual maturity. For liabilities, we use our historical experience and decay factors to estimate the deposit runoffs of interest-bearing transactional deposits. We use certain assumptions to estimate fair values and expected maturities which are described in Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Off-balance sheet commitments to extend credit, letters of credit, and bill of lading guarantees represent the contractual unfunded amounts. Off-balance sheet financial instruments represent fair values. The results presented may vary if different assumptions are used or if actual experience differs from the assumptions used.

 

    Average
Interest
Rate
    Expected Maturity Date at December 31,   December 31,  
      2009     2008  
      Total   Fair
Value
    Total   Fair
Value
 
    2010   2011   2012   2013   2014   Thereafter        
    (Dollars in thousands)  

Interest-Sensitive Assets:

                     

Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations

  3.87   $ 239,818   $ 218,984   $ 204,886   $ 195,720   $ 184,358   $ 1,481,338   $ 2,525,104   $ 2,517,810      $ 2,250,341   $ 2,250,341   

Other investment securities

  2.43        10,490     115,232     301,118     264,333     160,344     173,493   $ 1,025,010     1,026,197        833,476     833,476   

Loans held-for-sale

  6.37        26,595     —       —       1,136     —       27,095     54,826     54,826        —       —     

Gross loans receivable:

                     

Commercial

  5.03        1,022,752     84,008     107,483     14,114     25,200     54,323     1,307,880     1,303,489        1,620,438     1,617,423   

Residential Mortgage

  5.26        2,723     4,046     14,045     8,609     5,439     843,404     878,266     884,008        791,497     805,957   

Commercial Mortgage

  6.13        883,387     394,645     514,627     446,374     444,614     1,381,508     4,065,155     3,745,934        4,132,850     4,130,379   

Real estate construction

  5.24        607,051     3,425     15,559     —       —       52     626,087     580,296        913,168     912,376   

Installment & other

  3.75        21,089     78     587     —       —       —       21,754     14,443        14,415     14,368   

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

  —          —       —       —       —       —       —       —       —          201,000     198,435   

Trading securities

  —          —       —       —       —       —       18     18     18        12     12   

Interest Sensitive Liabilities:

                     

Other interest-bearing deposits

  0.71        216,474     193,874     128,424     105,301     97,298     886,821     1,628,192     1,628,192        1,232,951     1,232,951   

Time deposits

  1.84        4,721,300     139,073     151,569     296     59     —       5,012,297     5,027,861        4,873,352     4,898,028   

Federal funds purchased

        —       —       —       —       —       —       —          52,000     52,000   

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

  4.19        7,000     100,000     50,000     —       950,000     450,000     1,557,000     1,695,130        1,610,000     1,785,725   

Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank

  4.50        65,000     164,362     700,000     —       —       —       929,362     993,243        1,449,362     1,523,718   

Other borrowings from financial institutions

  0.57        —       7,212     —       —       —       —       7,212     7,090        —       —     

Other borrowings

  —          —       —       —       —       —       19,320     19,320     19,320        19,500     19,500   

Long-term debt

  4.02        —       —       —       —       —       171,136     171,136     92,553        171,136     91,496   

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments:

                     

Commitments to extend credit

      1,214,894     89,017     72,296     2,073     11,487     201,252     1,591,019     (621     2,047,985     (3,089

Standby letters of credit

      60,822     663     3     —       —       —       61,488     (200     79,423     (417

Other letters of credit

      49,257       —       —       —       —       49,257     (22     66,220     (38

Bill of lading guarantees

      300     —       —       —       —       —       300     (1     493     (2

 

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Financial Derivatives

 

It is our policy not to speculate on the future direction of interest rates. However, we enter into financial derivatives in order to seek mitigation of exposure to interest rate risks related to our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. We believe that these transactions, when properly structured and managed, may provide a hedge against inherent interest rate risk in our assets or liabilities and against risk in specific transactions. In such instances, we may protect our position through the purchase or sale of interest rate futures contracts for a specific cash or interest rate risk position. Other hedge transactions may be implemented using interest rate swaps, interest rate caps, floors, financial futures, forward rate agreements, and options on futures or bonds. Prior to considering any hedging activities, we seek to analyze the costs and benefits of the hedge in comparison to other viable alternative strategies. All hedges will require an assessment of basis risk and must be approved by the Bank’s Investment Committee.

 

We follow ASC Topic 815 which established accounting and reporting standards for financial derivatives, including certain financial derivatives embedded in other contracts, and hedging activities. It requires the recognition of all financial derivatives as assets or liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets and measurement of those financial derivatives at fair value. The accounting treatment of changes in fair value is dependent upon whether or not a financial derivative is designated as a hedge and if so, the type of hedge.

 

As of December 31, 2009, we had five interest rate swap agreements outstanding with two major financial institutions in the notional amount of $300.0 million for a period of three years. These interest rate swaps were not structured to hedge against inherent interest rate risks related to our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. At December 31, 2009, we paid fixed rate at a weighted average rate of 1.95% and received floating 3-month Libor rate at a weighted average rate of 0.26%. The net amount accrued on these interest rate swaps of $2.4 million for 2009 was recorded to reduce other non-interest income. At December 31, 2009, we recorded $694,000 within other liabilities to recognize the negative fair value of these interest rate swaps.

 

We enter into foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign currency option contracts with various counterparties to mitigate the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rate, for foreign exchange certificates of deposit, foreign currency contracts or foreign currency option contracts entered into with our clients. These contracts are not designated as hedging instruments and are recorded at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of these contracts as well as the related foreign currency certificates of deposit, foreign exchange contracts or foreign currency option contracts are recognized immediately in operations as a component of non-interest income. Period end gross positive fair values are recorded in other assets and gross negative fair values are recorded in other liabilities. At At December 31, 2009, the notional amount of option contracts totaled $4.7 million with a net positive fair value of $10,000. Spot and forward contracts in the total notional amount of $60.7 million had positive fair value, in the amount of $3.6 million, at December 31, 2009. Spot and forward contracts in the total notional amount of $60.8 million had a negative fair value, in the amount of $967,000, at December 31, 2009. At December 31, 2008, the notional amount of option contracts totaled $2.4 million with a net positive fair value of $5,000. At December 31, 2008, spot and forward contracts in the total notional amount of $35.4 million had a positive fair value, in the amount of $1.1 million. At December 31, 2008, spot and forward contracts in the total notional amount of $74.1 million had a negative fair value, in the amount of $9.2 million.

 

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

 

For financial statements, see “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” on page F-1.

 

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

 

Not Applicable.

 

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Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

The Bancorp’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have evaluated the effectiveness of the Bancorp’s “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based upon their evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the Bancorp’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Bancorp in the reports filed or submitted by it under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Bancorp in such reports is accumulated and communicated to the Bancorp’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 

There were no significant changes in the Bancorp’s internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect these controls subsequent to the date the principal executive officer and principal financial officer completed their evaluation.

 

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

The management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

As of December 31, 2009, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the Company assessed the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting established in “Internal Control — Integrated Framework,” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on the assessment, management determined that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on those criteria.

 

KPMG LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has also issued an audit report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009. The report, which expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, is included in this Item under the heading “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” below.

 

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act, during the most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially effect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Cathay General Bancorp:

 

We have audited Cathay General Bancorp’s (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Cathay General Bancorp’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

In our opinion, Cathay General Bancorp maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Cathay General Bancorp and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2009, and our report dated March 16, 2010 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

 

/s/ KPMG LLP

 

Los Angeles, California

March 16, 2010

 

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Item 9B. Other Information.

 

None.

PART III

 

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

 

The information required by this item concerning our executive officers, directors, compliance with Section 16 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the code of ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, and matters relating to corporate governance is incorporated herein by reference from the information set forth under the captions “Election of Directors,” “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” “The Board of Directors” and “Code of Ethics” in our Definitive Proxy Statement relating to our 2010 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”).

 

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

 

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference from the information set forth under the captions “The Board of Directors — Compensation of Directors,” “Executive Compensation,” and “Potential Payments Upon Termination of Change in Control.” in our Proxy Statement.

 

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

 

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

 

The following table sets forth certain information as of December 31, 2009, with respect to compensation plans under which equity securities of the Company were authorized for issuance.

 

Plan Category

  Number of
Securities to be
Issued Upon
Exercise of
Outstanding
Options, Warrants,
and Rights 1/

(a)
  Weighted-average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding
Options,
Warrants, and
Rights

(b)
  Number of Securities
Remaining Available For
Future Issuance Under
Equity Compensation Plans
[Excluding Securities
Reflected in Column (a)]

(c)
             

Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders

  4,235,825   $ 27.35   1,610,915

Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Security Holders

  —       —     —  
             

Total

  4,235,825   $ 27.35   1,610,915
             

 

(1) Includes options granted under the GBC Bancorp 1999 Employee Stock Incentive Plan (the “GBC Bancorp Plan”). On October 20, 2003, pursuant to the terms of its merger with GBC Bancorp, the Company assumed an obligation to issue up to 1,416,520 shares of the Company’s common stock on exercise of outstanding options under the GBC Bancorp Plan. As of December 31, 2009, options on 447,634 shares remain outstanding under the GBC Bancorp Plan. No further grants will be made under the GBC Bancorp Plan.

 

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management

 

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference from the information set forth under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in our Proxy Statement.

 

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

 

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference from the information set forth under the captions “Transactions with Related Persons, Promoters and Certain Control Persons” and “The Board of Directors- Director Independence” in our Proxy Statement.

 

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.

 

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference from the information set forth under the caption “Principal Accounting Fees and Services” in our Proxy Statement.

 

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PART IV

 

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.

 

Documents Filed as Part of this Report.

 

(a)(1) Financial Statements

 

See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” on page F-1.

 

(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules

 

Schedules have been omitted since they are not applicable, they are not required, or the information required to be set forth in the schedules is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or Notes thereto.

 

(b) Exhibits

 

    3.1       Restated Certificate of Incorporation.+
    3.1.1    Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation.+
    3.2       Restated Bylaws.+
    3.2.1    Amendment to Restated Bylaws.+
    3.2.2    Amendment to Restated Bylaws. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 22, 2007, as an exhibit to Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by this reference.
    3.3       Certificate of Designation of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock. Previously filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2007, as an exhibit to Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference.
    3.4       Certificate of Designation of Series B Preferred Stock. Previously filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on December 5, 2008, as an exhibit to Bancorp’s Current Report Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.
    4.1       Rights Agreement. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A on December 20, 2000, and incorporated herein by reference.
    4.2       Indenture, dated as of March 30, 2007, between Cathay General Bancorp and LaSalle Bank National Association (including form of debenture). Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 10, 2007, as an exhibit to Bancorp’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by this reference.
    4.2.1    Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of Cathay Capital Trust III, dated as of March 30, 2007. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 10, 2007, as an exhibit to Bancorp’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by this reference.
    4.2.2    Guarantee Agreement, dated as of March 30, 2007, between Cathay General Bancorp and LaSalle Bank National Association. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 10, 2007, as an exhibit to Bancorp’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by this reference.

 

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    4.2.3    Form of Capital Securities of Cathay Capital Trust III (included within Exhibit 4.2.1) Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 10, 2007, as an exhibit to Bancorp’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2007, and incorporated herein by this reference.
    4.3       Warrant to purchase up to 1,846,374 shares of Common Stock, issued on December 5, 2008. Previously filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on December 5, 2008, as an exhibit to Bancorp’s Current Report Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.
    4.4       Form of Preferred Share Certificate for Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series B. Previously filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on December 5, 2008, as an exhibit to Bancorp’s Current Report Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.
    4.5       Distribution Agreement, dated as of September 9, 2009, between Cathay General Bancorp and J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Registration Statement on Form 8-K/A on September 23, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.
    4.6       Distribution Agreement, dated as of September 9, 2009, between Cathay General Bancorp and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Registration Statement on Form 8-K/A on September 23, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.
    4.7       Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 13, 2009, between Cathay General Bancorp and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K on October 14, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.
    4.8       ATM Equity OfferingSM Sales Agreement, dated November 23, 2009, between Cathay General Bancorp and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K on November 23, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.
  10.1       Form of Indemnity Agreements between the Bancorp and its directors and certain officers. Previously filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2007, as an exhibit to Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference.
  10.2       Amended and Restated Cathay Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan effective January 1, 1997. Previously filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2007, as an exhibit to Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference.**
  10.2.1    Amendment No. 1 effective January 1, 2002 to the Amended and Restated Cathay Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan.+**
  10.2.2    Amendment No. 2 effective January 1, 2004 to the Amended and Restated Cathay Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan.+**
  10.2.3    Amendment No. 3 effective January 1, 2003 to the Amended and Restated Cathay Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan.+**
  10.2.4    Amendment No. 4 effective October 20, 2003 and June 17, 2004 to the Amended and Restated Cathay Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan.+**
  10.2.5    Amendment No. 5 effective March 28, 2005 to the Amended and Restated Cathay Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan.+**
  10.2.6    Amendment No. 6 effective July 1, 2006 and January 1, 2007 to the Amended and Restated Cathay Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan.+**

 

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  10.2.7    Amendment No. 7 effective July 1, 2007, January 1, 2007, January 1, 2008, December 31, 2008, January 1, 2009, and January 1, 2010 to the Amended and Restated Cathay Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan.+**
  10.3       Dividend Reinvestment Plan of the Bancorp. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 30, 1997, as an exhibit to Registration Statement No. 33-33767, and incorporated herein by reference.
  10.4       Equity Incentive Plan of the Bancorp effective February 19, 1998. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 16, 2006, as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.**
  10.4.1    First Amendment to Cathay Bancorp, Inc. Equity Incentive Plan. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2009, as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.**
  10.5       GBC Bancorp 1999 Employee Stock Incentive Plan. Previously filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2007, as an exhibit to Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference.**
  10.6       Cathay Bank Bonus Deferral Agreement. Amended and Restated in its entirety by the Cathay Bank Bonus Defferal Agreement (Amended and Restated). See Exhibit 10.6.1 below.**
  10.6.1    Cathay Bank Bonus Deferral Agreement (Amended and Restated). Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 9, 2007, as an exhibit to Bancorp’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007, and incorporated herein by this reference.**
  10.7       Cathay General Bancorp 2005 Incentive Plan. Amended and Restated in its entirety by the Cathay General Bancorp 2005 Incentive Plan (Amended and Restated). See Exhibit 10.7.1 below.**
  10.7.1    Cathay General Bancorp 2005 Incentive Plan (Amended and Restated). Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 9, 2007, as an exhibit to Bancorp’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007, and incorporated herein by this reference.**
  10.7.2    Form of Cathay General Bancorp 2005 Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Award Agreement. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 30, 2006, as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by this reference.**
  10.7.3    Form of Cathay General Bancorp 2005 Incentive Plan Stock Option Agreement (Nonstatutory). Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 30, 2006, as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by this reference.**
  10.7.4    Form of Cathay General Bancorp 2005 Incentive Plan Stock Option Agreement (Nonstatutory) (Nonemployee Director). Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2009, as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.**
  10.7.5    Form of Cathay General Bancorp 2005 Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Agreement. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2009, as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.**
  10.8       Letter Agreement, dated December 5, 2008, including the Securities Purchase Agreement — Standard Terms incorporated by reference therein, between the Company and the U.S. Treasury. Previously filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on December 5, 2008, as an exhibit to Bancorp’s Current Report Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.

 

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  10.9       Form of Waiver, executed by each of Messrs. Dunson K. Cheng, Peter Wu, Anthony M. Tang, Heng W. Chen, Irwin Wong, Kim R. Bingham and Perry P. Oei. Previously filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on December 5, 2008, as an exhibit to Bancorp’s Current Report Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.**
  10.9.1    Form of Consent, executed by each of Messrs. Dunson K. Cheng, Peter Wu, Anthony M. Tang, Heng W. Chen, Irwin Wong, Kim R. Bingham and Perry P. Oei as to adoption of amendments to Benefit Plans as required by Section 111(b) of EESA. Previously filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on December 5, 2008, as an exhibit to Bancorp’s Current Report Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.**
  10.9.2    Form of Consent, executed by each of Messrs. Dunson K. Cheng, Peter Wu, Anthony M. Tang, Heng W. Chen, Irwin Wong, Kim R. Bingham and Perry P. Oei as to adoption of amendments to Benefit Plans as required by Section 111(b) of EESA, as amended by the American Recovery Reinvestment Act of 2009.+**
  10.10    Amended and Restated Change of Control Employment Agreement for Dunson K. Cheng dated as of December 18, 2008. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2009, as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.**
  10.10.1    Amended and Restated Change of Control Employment Agreement for Peter Wu dated as of December 18, 2008. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2009, as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.**
  10.10.2    Amended and Restated Change of Control Employment Agreement for Anthony M. Tang dated as of December 18, 2008. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2009, as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.**
  10.10.3    Amended and Restated Change of Control Employment Agreement for Heng W. Chen dated as of December 18, 2008. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2009, as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.**
  10.10.4    Amended and Restated Change of Control Employment Agreement for Irwin Wong dated as of December 18, 2008. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2009, as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.**
  10.10.5    Amended and Restated Change of Control Employment Agreement for Kim Bingham dated as of December 18, 2008. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2009, as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.**
  10.10.6    Amended and Restated Change of Control Employment Agreement for Perry P. Oei dated as of December 18, 2008. Previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2009, as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.**
  12.1      Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends.+
  21.1      Subsidiaries of the Bancorp.+
  23.1      Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.+
  24.1      Power of Attorney.+

 

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  31.1      Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.+
  31.2      Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.+
  32.1      Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.++
  32.2      Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.++
  99.1      First Fiscal Year Certification of the Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 111(b) of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008.+
  99.2      First Fiscal Year Certification of the Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 111(b) of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008.+

 

** Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
+ Filed herewith.
++ Furnished herewith.

 

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

Cathay General Bancorp

By:

  /s/    DUNSON K. CHENG        
 

Dunson K. Cheng

Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer

 

Date: March 16, 2010

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

  

Title

 

Date

/s/    DUNSON K. CHENG        

Dunson K. Cheng

  

President, Chairman of the

Board, Director, and Chief

Executive Officer

(principal executive officer)

  March 16, 2010

/s/    HENG W. CHEN        

Heng W. Chen

  

Executive Vice President,

Chief Financial Officer/Treasurer (principal financial officer)

(principal accounting officer)

  March 16, 2010

/s/    PETER WU        

Peter Wu

  

Director

  March 16, 2010

/s/    ANTHONY M. TANG        

Anthony M. Tang

  

Director

  March 16, 2010

/s/    KELLY L. CHAN        

Kelly L. Chan

  

Director

  March 16, 2010

/s/    MICHAEL M.Y. CHANG        

  

Director

  March 16, 2010
Michael M.Y. Chang     

/s/    THOMAS C.T. CHIU        

Thomas C.T. Chiu

  

Director

  March 16, 2010

/s/    NELSON CHUNG        

Nelson Chung

  

Director

  March 16, 2010

/s/    PATRICK S.D. LEE        

Patrick S.D. Lee

  

Director

  March 16, 2010

 

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Signature

  

Title

 

Date

/s/    TING LIU        

Ting Liu

  

Director

  March 16, 2010

/s/    JOSEPH C.H. POON        

Joseph C.H. Poon

  

Director

  March 16, 2010

/s/    THOMAS G. TARTAGLIA        

Thomas G. Tartaglia

  

Director

  March 16, 2010

 

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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

     Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   F-2

Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2009 and 2008

   F-3

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss)/Income for each of the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007

   F-4

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for each of the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007

   F-5

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007

   F-7

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   F-9

Parent-only condensed financial information of Cathay General Bancorp is included in Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K

   F-49

 

F-1


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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Cathay General Bancorp:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cathay General Bancorp and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2009. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards as established by the Auditing Standards Board (United States) and in accordance with the auditing standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Cathay General Bancorp and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2009 in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Cathay General Bancorp’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated March 16, 2010 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ KPMG LLP

March 16, 2010

 

F-2


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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

    As of December 31,  
            2009                     2008          
   

(In thousands, except share

and per share data)

 
ASSETS    

Cash and due from banks

  $ 100,124      $ 84,818   

Short-term investments and interest bearing deposits

    254,726        25,000   

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

    —          201,000   

Securities held-to-maturity (market value of $628,908 in 2009)

    635,015        —     

Securities available-for-sale (amortized cost of $2,916,491 in 2009 and $3,043,566 in 2008)

    2,915,099        3,083,817   

Trading securities

    18        12   

Loans held for sale

    54,826        —     

Loans

    6,899,142        7,472,368   

Less: Allowance for loan losses

    (211,889     (122,093

Unamortized deferred loan fees

    (8,339     (10,094
               

Loans, net

    6,678,914        7,340,181   

Federal Home Loan Bank stock

    71,791        71,791   

Other real estate owned, net

    71,014        61,015   

Investments in affordable housing partnerships, net

    95,853        103,562   

Premises and equipment, net

    108,635        104,107   

Customers’ liability on acceptances

    26,554        39,117   

Accrued interest receivable

    35,982        43,603   

Goodwill

    316,340        319,557   

Other intangible assets

    23,157        29,246   

Other assets

    200,184        75,813   
               

Total assets

  $ 11,588,232      $ 11,582,639   
               
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY    

Deposits

   

Non-interest-bearing demand deposits

  $ 864,551      $ 730,433   

Interest-bearing accounts:

   

NOW accounts

    337,304        257,234   

Money market accounts

    943,164        659,454   

Saving accounts

    347,724        316,263   

Time deposits under $100,000

    1,529,954        1,644,407   

Time deposits of $100,000 or more

    3,482,343        3,228,945   
               

Total deposits

    7,505,040        6,836,736   

Federal funds purchased

    —          52,000   

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

    1,557,000        1,610,000   

Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank

    929,362        1,449,362   

Other borrowings from financial institutions

    7,212        —     

Other borrowings for affordable housing investments

    19,320        19,500   

Long-term debt

    171,136        171,136   

Acceptances outstanding

    26,554        39,117   

Other liabilities

    59,864        103,401   
               

Total liabilities

    10,275,488        10,281,252   

Commitments and contigencies

    —          —     

Stockholders’ equity

   

Preferred stock, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 258,000 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2009 and at December 31, 2008

    243,967        240,554   

Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 67,667,155 issued and 63,459,590 outstanding at December 31, 2009 and 53,715,815 issued and 49,508,250 outstanding at December 31, 2008

    677        537   

Additional paid-in-capital

    634,623        508,613   

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net

    (875     23,327   

Retained earnings

    551,588        645,592   

Treasury stock, at cost (4,207,565 shares at December 31, 2009 and 2008)

    (125,736     (125,736
               

Total Cathay General Bancorp stockholders’ equity

    1,304,244        1,292,887   
               

Noncontrolling interest

    8,500        8,500   
               

Total equity

    1,312,744        1,301,387   
               

Total liabilities and equity

  $ 11,588,232      $ 11,582,639   
               

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS)/INCOME

 

    Year Ended December 31,  
    2009     2008     2007  
    (In thousands, except share and per
share data)
 

INTEREST AND DIVIDEND INCOME

     

Loan receivable

  $ 401,831      $ 452,216      $ 480,769   

Investment securities-taxable

    123,939        115,890        100,663   

Investment securities-nontaxable

    788        1,250        2,007   

Federal Home Loan Bank stock

    149        3,301        2,348   

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreement to resell

    1,351        15,017        24,309   

Deposits with banks

    673        656        4,489   

Agency preferred stock

    —          1,621        686   
                       

Total interest and dividend income

    528,731        589,951        615,271   

INTEREST EXPENSE

     

Time deposits of $100,000 or more

    83,349        111,293        132,225   

Other deposits

    50,207        66,417        77,278   

Interest on securities sold under agreements to repurchase

    65,182        60,559        35,037   

Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank

    42,442        46,512        48,072   

Long-term debt

    4,835        9,090        11,240   

Short-term borrowings

    24        933        1,898   
                       

Total interest expense

    246,039        294,804        305,750   
                       

Net interest income before provision for credit losses

    282,692        295,147        309,521   

Provision for credit losses

    307,000        106,700        11,000   
                       

Net interest (loss)/income after provision for credit losses

    (24,308     188,447        298,521   
                       

NON-INTEREST INCOME

     

Securities gains/(losses), net

    55,644        (5,971     810   

Letters of credit commissions

    4,216        5,613        5,951   

Depository service fees

    5,206        4,741        4,763   

Gains on sale of premises and equipment

    —          21        2,716   

Other operating income

    13,588        14,503        13,247   
                       

Total non-interest income

    78,654        18,907        27,487   
                       

NON-INTEREST EXPENSE

     

Salaries and employee benefits

    60,795        66,626        68,949   

Occupancy expense

    16,109        13,236        12,115   

Computer and equipment expense

    7,856        7,859        9,600   

Professional services expense

    16,428        12,011        9,304   

FDIC and State assessments

    19,386        4,809        1,097   

Marketing expense

    2,593        3,616        3,309   

Other real estate owned

    36,075        4,953        334   

Operations of investments in affordable housing

    7,338        7,397        6,609   

Amortization of core deposit premium

    6,636        6,909        7,053   

Other operating expense

    9,821        9,260        10,375   
                       

Total non-interest expense

    183,037        136,676        128,745   
                       

(Loss)/income before income tax (benefit)/expense

    (128,691     70,678        197,263   

Income tax (benefit)/expense

    (61,912     19,554        71,191   
                       

Net (loss)/income

    (66,779     51,124        126,072   
                       

Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest

    (611     (603     (603
                       

Net (loss)/income attributable to Cathay General Bancorp

    (67,390     50,521        125,469   
                       

Dividends on preferred stock

    (16,338     (1,140     —     
                       

Net (loss)/income attributable to common stockholders

  $ (83,728   $ 49,381      $ 125,469   
                       

Other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of tax:

     

Unrealized holding (losses)/gains arising during the year

    (806     21,361        12,181   

Less: reclassification adjustment for gains/(losses) included in net income

    23,396        (2,511     298   
                       

Total other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of tax

    (24,202     23,872        11,883   
                       

Total comprehensive (loss)/income

  $ (91,592   $ 74,393      $ 137,352   
                       

Net (loss)/income attributable to common stockholders per common share

     

Basic

  $ (1.59   $ 1.00      $ 2.49   

Diluted

  $ (1.59   $ 1.00      $ 2.46   

Basic average common shares outstanding

    52,629,159        49,414,824        50,418,303   

Diluted average common shares outstanding

    52,629,159        49,529,793        50,975,449   

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Years Ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007

(In thousands, except number of shares)

 

            Additional
Paid-in
Capital
    Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
    Retained
Earnings
    Treasury
Stock
    Noncontrolling
Interest
  Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
    Preferred Stock   Common Stock            
    Number
of Shares
  Amount   Number
of Shares
    Amount            

Balance at December 31, 2006

  —     $ —     51,930,955      $ 533   $ 467,591      $ (12,428   $ 520,689      $ (33,311   $ —     $ 943,074   
                                                                   

Adjustment to initially apply FASB Interpretation 48

  —       —     —          —       —          —          (8,525     —          —       (8,525
                                                                   

Balance at January 1, 2007

  —       —     51,930,955        533     467,591        (12,428     512,164        (33,311     —       934,549   
                                                                   

Issuances of common stock — Dividend Reinvestment Plan

  —       —     78,087        1     2,444        —          —          —          —       2,445   

Stock options exercised

  —       —     136,348        1     2,227        —          —          —          —       2,228   

Restricted stock awarded

  —       —     20,000        —       —          —          —          —          —       —     

Tax benefits from stock plans

  —       —     —          —       791        —          —          —          —       791   

Stock-based compensation

  —       —     —          —       7,504        —          —          —          —       7,504   

Purchases of treasury stock

  —       —     (2,829,203     —       —          —          —          (92,425     —       (92,425

Cash dividends of $0.405 per share

  —       —     —          —       —          —          (20,525     —          —       (20,525

Change in other comprehensive income

  —       —     —          —       —          11,883        —          —          —       11,883   

Net income

  —       —     —          —       —          —          125,469        —          —       125,469   
                                                                   

Balance at December 31, 2007

  —       —     49,336,187        535     480,557        (545     617,108        (125,736     —       971,919   
                                                                   

Adjustment to initially apply EITF 06-4

  —       —     —          —       —          —          (147     —          —       (147
                                                                   

Balance at January 1, 2008

  —       —     49,336,187        535     480,557        (545     616,961        (125,736     —       971,772   
                                                                   

Issuance of series B preferred stock

  258,000     240,554   —          —       —          —          —          —          —       240,554   

Issuance of common stock warrant

  —       —     —          —       17,673        —          —          —          —       17,673   

Issuances of common stock — Dividend Reinvestment Plan

  —       —     151,157        1     2,550        —          —          —          —       2,551   

Stock options exercised

  —       —     20,906        1     372        —          —          —          —       373   

Tax benefits from stock plans

  —       —     —          —       (247     —          —          —          —       (247

Stock-based compensation

  —       —     —          —       7,708        —          —          —          —       7,708   

Cash dividends of $0.420 per share

  —       —     —          —       —          —          (20,750     —          —       (20,750

Dividend on preferred stock

  —       —     —          —       —          —          (1,140     —          —       (1,140

Change in other comprehensive income

  —       —     —          —       —          23,872        —          —          —       23,872   

Net income

  —       —     —          —       —          —          50,521        —          —       50,521   
                                                                   

Balance at December 31, 2008

  258,000   $ 240,554   49,508,250      $ 537   $ 508,613      $ 23,327      $ 645,592      $ (125,736   $ —     $ 1,292,887   
                                                                   

Adjustment to initially apply FASB No. 160

  —       —     —          —       —          —          —          —          8,500     8,500   
                                                                   

Balance at January 1, 2009

  258,000   $ 240,554   49,508,250      $ 537   $ 508,613      $ 23,327      $ 645,592      $ (125,736   $ 8,500     1,301,387   
                                                                   

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY—(Continued)

Years Ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007

(In thousands, except number of shares)

 

            Additional
Paid-in
Capital
    Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
    Retained
Earnings
    Treasury
Stock
    Noncontrolling
Interest
    Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
    Preferred Stock   Common Stock            
    Number
of Shares
  Amount   Number
of Shares
    Amount            

Fortfeiture of restricted stock

  —       —     (20,000     —       —          —          —          —          —          —     

Issuances of common stock — Common stock issuance

  —       —     13,869,856        139     119,309        —          —          —          —          119,448   

Dividend Reinvestment Plan

  —       —     87,241        1     1,159        —          —          —          —          1,160   

Restricted stock units vested

  —       —     12,963        —       —          —          —          —          —          —     

Stock options exercised

  —       —     1,280        —       13        —          —          —          —          13   

Tax benefits from stock options

  —       —     —          —       (196     —          —          —          —          (196

Stock -based compensation

  —       —     —          —       5,725        —          —          —          —          5,725   

Cash dividends of $0.205 per share

  —       —     —          —       —          —          (10,276     —          —          (10,276

Discount accretion and other adjustment on preferred stock

  —       3,413   —          —       —          —          (3,438     —          —          (25

Dividends on preferred stock

  —       —     —          —       —          —          (12,900     —          (611     (13,511

Change in other comprehensive loss

  —       —     —          —       —          (24,202     —          —          —          (24,202

Net loss

  —       —     —          —       —          —          (67,390     —          611        (66,779
                                                                     

Balance at December 31, 2009

  258,000   $ 243,967   63,459,590      $ 677   $ 634,623      $ (875   $ 551,588      $ (125,736   $ 8,500      $ 1,312,744   
                                                                     

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

    Year Ended December 31,  
    2009     2008     2007  
    (In thousands)  

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

     

Net (loss)/income

  $ (66,779   $ 51,124      $ 126,072   

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

     

Provision for credit losses

    307,000        106,700        11,000   

Provision for losses on other real estate owned

    28,216        3,604        210   

Deferred tax benefit

    (37,115     (50,851     (11,434

Depreciation

    7,695        4,166        4,270   

Net losses/(gains) on sale of other real estate owned

    2,065        11        (29

Net gains on sale of loans

    (4,761     (314     (131

Proceeds from sale of loans

    44,597        10,599        2,532   

Originations of loans held for sale

    (9,418     (3,112     (2,375

Purchase of trading securities

    —          —          (5,000

Federal Home Loan Bank stock dividends

    —          (3,749     (2,322

Write-down on venture capital and other investments

    1,982        1,458        1,377   

Write-down on impaired securities

    817        35,331        —     

Gain on sales and calls of securities

    (56,461     (29,360     (810

Other non-cash interest

    7        (11     105   

Amortization of security premiums, net

    2,816        2,035        1,588   

Amortization of other intangible assets

    6,703        7,006        7,260   

Excess tax short-fall/(benefits) from stock options

    196        247        (791

Stock based compensation expense

    5,725        7,708        7,504   

Gains on sale of premises and equipment

    —          (21     (2,716

Decrease/(increase) in accrued interest receivable

    7,621        9,429        (13,494

Noncontrolling interest

    (611     (603     (603

(Increase)/decrease in other assets, net

    (63,426     24,305        6,926   

(Decrease)/increase in other liabilities

    (30,461     (7,951     19,839   
                       

Net cash provided by operating activities

    146,408        167,751        148,978   

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

     

(Increase)/decrease in short-term investments

    (229,726     (22,722     14,101   

Decrease/(increase) in long-term investments

    —          50,000        (50,000

Decrease/(increase) in securities purchased under agreements to resell

    201,000        315,100        (516,100

Purchase of investment securities available-for-sale

    (1,573,823     (1,780,694     (1,138,836

Proceeds from maturity and call of investment securities available-for-sale

    1,428,468        1,063,538        820,049   

Proceeds from sale of investment securities available-for-sale

    51,679        651,423        251,940   

Purchase of mortgage-backed securities available-for-sale

    (2,487,276     (2,536,115     (932,367

Proceeds from repayment and sale of mortgage-backed securities available-for-sale

    2,760,904        1,898,882        207,813   

Purchase of investment securities held-to-maturity

    (636,120     —          —     

Proceeds from maturity and call of investment securities held-to-maturity

    1,057        —          —     

Purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank stock

    —          (7,820     (30,143

Redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock

    —          5,498        1,093   

Net decrease/(increase) in loans

    177,690        (893,978     (916,973

Purchase of premises and equipment

    (12,222     (24,195     (9,734

Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment

    —          21        6,948   

Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned

    52,902        683        1,717   

Net increase in investment in affordable housing

    (14,116     (15,143     (16,427

Acquisitions, net of cash acquired

    —          —          (3,655
                       

Net cash used in investing activities

    (279,583     (1,295,522     (2,310,574
                       

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

     

Net (increase)/decrease in demand deposits, NOW accounts, money market and saving deposits

    529,359        (66,662     (22,536

Net increase in time deposits

    138,945        625,031        571,431   

Net (decrease)/increase in federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreement to repurchase

    (105,000     229,975        982,025   

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank

    816,000        4,253,534        3,483,000   

Repayment of Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings

    (1,336,000     (4,179,352     (2,822,500

Cash dividends

    (22,460     (20,977     (20,525

Issuance of Series B preferred stock

    —          240,554        —     

Issuance of common stock warrant

    —          17,673        —     

Issuance of common stock

    119,448        —          —     

Issuance of junior subordinated debt

    —          —          65,000   

Proceeds from other borrowings

    7,212        20,629        11,713   

Repayment of other borrowings

    —          (28,930     (13,412

Proceeds from shares issued to Dividend Reinvestment Plan

    1,160        2,551        2,445   

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

    13        373        2,228   

Excess tax (short-fall)/benefits from share-based payment arrangements

    (196     (247     791   

Purchase of treasury stock

    —          —          (92,425
                       

Net cash provided by financing activities

    148,481        1,094,152        2,147,235   
                       

Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

    15,306        (33,619     (14,361

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the year

    84,818        118,437        132,798   
                       

Cash and cash equivalents, end of the year

  $ 100,124      $ 84,818      $ 118,437   
                       

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

F-7


Table of Contents

CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS—(Continued)

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  
     (In thousands)  

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information

      

Cash paid during the year for:

      

Interest

   $ 255,243      $ 293,715      $ 296,948   

Income taxes

   $ 25,247      $ 72,167      $ 76,029   

Non-cash investing and financing activities:

      

Net change in unrealized holding gain on securities available-for-sale, net of tax

   $ (24,202   $ 23,872      $ 11,883   

Adjustment to initially apply FASB Interpretation 48

   $ —        $ —        $ (8,525

Adjustment to initially apply EITF 06-4

   $ —        $ (147   $ —     

Adjustment to initially apply SFAS No. 160

   $ 8,500      $ —        $ —     

Transfers to other real estate owned

   $ 114,354      $ 48,043      $ 16,146   

Loans to facilitate the sale of other real estate owned

   $ 21,272      $ —        $ 3,360   

Loans transferred to loans held-for-sale

   $ 81,678      $ —        $ —     

Loans to facilitate the sale of fixed assets

   $ —        $ —        $ 1,940   

Supplemental Disclosure for Acquisitions:

      

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investment

   $ —        $ —        $ 5,745   

Securities available-for-sale

     —          —          14,305   

Loans, net

     —          —          37,681   

Premises and equipment

     —          —          432   

Goodwill

     —          —          3,878   

Core deposit intangibles

     —          —          341   

Other assets

     —          —          2,371   
                        

Total assets acquired

   $ —        $ —        $ 64,753   
                        

Deposits

     —          —          54,166   

Other liabilities

     —          —          1,187   
                        

Total liabilities assumed

   $ —        $ —        $ 55,353   
                        

Net assets acquired and cash paid

   $ —        $ —        $ 9,400   
                        

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

F-8


Table of Contents

CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cathay General Bancorp (the “Bancorp”), a Delaware corporation, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Cathay Bank (the “Bank”), a California state-chartered bank, six limited partnerships investing in affordable housing projects, and GBC Venture Capital, Inc. (together, the “Company”). All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and general practices within the banking industry.

Organization and Background. The business activities of the Bancorp consist primarily of the operations of the Bank, which owns 100% of the common securities of the following subsidiaries: Cathay Real Estate Investment Trust, GBC Real Estate Investments, Inc., GB Capital Trust II, Cathay Holdings LLC, Cathay Holdings 2, LLC, Cathay Holdings 3, LLC, Cathay Community Development Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiary, Cathay New Asia Community Development Corporation.

There are limited operating business activities currently at the Bancorp. The Bank is a commercial bank, servicing primarily the individuals, professionals, and small to medium-sized businesses in the local markets in which its branches are located. Its operations include the acceptance of checking, savings, and time deposits, and the making of commercial, real estate, and consumer loans. The Bank also offers trade financing, letters of credit, wire transfer, foreign currency spot and forward contracts, Internet banking, investment services, and other customary banking services to its customers.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management of the Company to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amount of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The significant estimates subject to change relate to the allowance for loan losses, goodwill impairment assessment, other-than-temporary impairment analysis on investments, fair value disclosures and the fair value of options granted. The more significant of these policies are described below.

Concentrations. The Bank was incorporated in California and started its business from California, therefore loans originated and deposits solicited were mainly from California. In 2009, average gross loans were primarily comprised of 56.9% of commercial mortgage loans and 20.2% of commercial loans. As of December 31, 2009, approximately 80% of the Bank’s residential mortgages were for properties located in California. Total deposits were comprised of 46.4% of Jumbo CDs at December 31, 2009, and approximately 57.3% of the Company’s Jumbo CDs have been on deposit with the Company for two years or more.

Allowance for Loan Losses. The determination of the amount of the provision for loan losses charged to operations reflects management’s current judgment about the credit quality of the loan portfolio and takes into consideration changes in lending policies and procedures, changes in economic and business conditions, changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of loans, changes in the experience, ability and depth of lending management, changes in the volume and severity of past due, non-accrual and adversely classified or graded loans, changes in the quality of the loan review system, changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans, the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and the effect of competition, legal and regulatory requirements, and other external factors. The nature of the process by which loan losses is determined the appropriate allowance for loan losses requires the exercise of considerable judgment. The allowance is increased by the provision for loan losses and decreased by charge-offs when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan is confirmed.

 

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Table of Contents

CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. A weakening of the economy or other factors that adversely affect asset quality could result in an increase in the number of delinquencies, bankruptcies, or defaults, and a higher level of non-performing assets, net charge-offs, and provision for loan losses in future periods.

The total allowance for loan losses consists of two components: specific allowances and general allowances. To determine the adequacy of the allowance in each of these two components, two primary methodologies are employed, the individual loan review analysis methodology and the classification migration methodology. These methodologies support the basis for determining allocations between the various loan categories and the overall adequacy of our allowance to provide for probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. These methodologies are further supported by additional analysis of relevant factors such as the historical losses in the portfolio, and environmental factors which include trends in delinquency and non-accrual, and other significant factors, such as the national and local economy, the volume and composition of the portfolio, strength of management and loan staff, underwriting standards, and the concentration of credit.

The Bank’s management allocates a specific allowance for “Impaired Credits,” in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 310-10-35. For non-Impaired Credits, a general allowance is established for those loans internally classified and risk graded Pass, Minimally Acceptable, Watch, Special Mention, or Substandard based on historical losses in the specific loan portfolio and a reserve based on environmental factors determined for that loan group. The level of the general allowance is established to provide coverage for management’s estimate of the credit risk in the loan portfolio by various loan segments not covered by the specific allowance.

Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell. The Company purchases securities under agreement to resell with various terms. These agreements are collateralized by agency securities and mortgage backed securities that are generally held by a third party custodian. The purchases are over-collateralized to ensure against unfavorable market price movements. In the event that the fair market value of the securities decreases below the collateral requirements under the related repurchase agreements, the counterparty is required to deliver additional securities. The counterparties to these agreements are nationally recognized investment banking firms that meet credit eligibility criteria and with whom a master repurchase agreement has been duly executed.

Securities. Securities are classified as held-to-maturity when management has the ability and intent to hold these securities until maturity. Securities are classified as available-for-sale when management intends to hold the securities for an indefinite period of time, or when the securities may be utilized for tactical asset/liability purposes, and may be sold from time to time to manage interest rate exposure and resultant prepayment risk and liquidity needs. Securities are classified as trading securities when management intends to sell the securities in the near term. Securities purchased are designated as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, or trading securities at the time of acquisition.

Securities held-to-maturity are stated at cost, adjusted for the amortization of premiums and the accretion of discounts on a level-yield basis. The carrying value of these assets is not adjusted for temporary declines in fair value since the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold them to maturity. Securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value, and any unrealized holding gains or losses are excluded from earnings and reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income until realized. Realized gains or losses are determined on the specific identification method. Premium and discounts are amortized or accreted as adjustment of yield on a level-yield basis.

ASC Topic 320 requires an entity to assess whether the entity has the intent to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery. If either of these

 

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Table of Contents

CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

conditions is met, an entity must recognize an other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”). If an entity does not intend to sell the debt security and will not be required to sell the debt security, the entity must consider whether it will recover the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of expected cash flows is less than the amortized cost basis of the security, OTTI shall have considered to have occurred. OTTI is then separated into the amount of the total impairment related to credit losses and the amount of the total impairment related to all other factors. An entity determines the impairment related to credit losses by comparing the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security with the amortized cost basis of the security. OTTI related to the credit loss is then recognized in earnings. OTTI related to all other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income. OTTI not related to the credit loss for a held-to-maturity security should be recognized separately in a new category of other comprehensive income and amortized over the remaining life of the debt security as an increase in the carrying value of the security only when the entity does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell the security before recovery of its remaining amortized cost basis. The entity expects to recover the amortized cost basis of its debt securities, and has no intent to sell and will not be required to sell available-for-sale securities that decline below their cost before their anticipated recovery. At December 31, 2009, there was no other-than-temporary impairment related to credit losses to be recognized in earnings. Other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors was recognized in other comprehensive income.

Trading securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains or losses included in income.

Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) Stock. As a member of the FHLB system the Bank is required to maintain an investment in the capital stock of the FHLB. The amount of investment is also affected by the outstanding advances under the line of credit the Bank maintains with the FHLB. FHLB stock is carried at cost and is pledged as collateral to the FHLB. The carrying amount of the FHLB stock was $71.8 million for both December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2008. As of December 31, 2009, 436,800 shares of FHLB stock was the minimum stock requirement based on outstanding FHLB borrowings of $929.0 million. As of December 31, 2009, the Company owned 711,750 shares of FHLB stock.

Loans. Loans are carried at amounts advanced, less principal payments collected and net deferred loan fees. Interest is accrued and earned daily on an actual or 360-day basis. Interest accruals on business loans and non-residential real estate loans are generally discontinued whenever the payment of interest or principal is 90 days or more past due, based on contractual terms. Such loans are placed on non-accrual status, unless the loan is well secured, and there is a high probability of recovery in full, as determined by management. When loans are placed on a non-accrual status, previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed and charged against current income, and subsequent payments received are generally first applied toward the outstanding principal balance of the loan. The loan is generally returned to accrual status when the borrower has brought the past due principal and interest payments current and, in the opinion of management, the borrower has demonstrated the ability to make future payments of principal and interest as scheduled. A non-accrual loan may also be returned to accrual status if all principal and interest contractually due are reasonably assured of repayment within a reasonable period and there has been a sustained period of payment performance, generally six months. Loan origination fees and commitment fees, offset by certain direct loan origination costs, are deferred and recognized over the contractual life of the loan as a yield adjustment. The amortization utilizes the interest method. If a loan is placed on non-accrual status, the amortization of the loan fees and the accretion of discounts are discontinued until the loan is returned to accruing status.

Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value. Gains and losses are recorded in non-interest income based on the difference between sales proceeds, net of sales commissions, and carrying value.

 

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Table of Contents

CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Loans Acquired Through Transfer. Loans acquired through the completion of a transfer, including loans acquired in a business combination, that have evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and for which it is probable, at acquisition, that the Company will be unable to collect all contractually required payment receivables are initially recorded at fair value (as determined by the present value of expected future cash flows) with no valuation allowance. The difference between the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition and the investment in the loan, or the “accretable yield,” is recognized as interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loan. Contractually required payments for interest and principal that exceed the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition, or the “nonaccretable difference,” are not recognized as a yield adjustment or as a loss accrual or a valuation allowance. Increases in expected cash flows subsequent to the initial investment are recognized prospectively through adjustment of the yield on the loan over its remaining life. Decreases in expected cash flows are recognized as impairment. Valuation allowance on these impaired loans reflect only losses incurred after the acquisition.

Impaired Loans. A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all amounts due (i.e. both principal and interest) according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The measurement of impairment may be based on (1) the present value of the expected future cash flows of the impaired loan discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate, (2) the observable market price of the impaired loan or (3) the fair value of the collateral of a collateral-dependent loan. The amount by which the recorded investment in the loan exceeds the measure of the impaired loan is recognized by recording a valuation allowance with a corresponding charge to the provision for loan losses. The Company stratifies its loan portfolio by size and treats smaller performing loans with an outstanding balance less than the Company’s defined criteria, generally where the loan amount is less than $100,000, as a homogenous portfolio. Once a loan has been identified as a possible problem loan, the Company conducts a periodic review of such loan in order to test for impairment. When loans are placed on an impaired status, previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed against current income and subsequent payments received are generally first applied toward the outstanding principal balance of the loan.

Unfunded Loan Commitments. Unfunded loan commitments are generally related to providing credit facilities to clients of the Bank, and are not actively traded financial instruments. These unfunded commitments are disclosed as off-balance sheet financial instruments in Note 15 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Letter of Credit Fees. Issuance and commitment fees received for the issuance of commercial or standby letters of credit are recognized over the term of the instruments.

Premises and Equipment. Premises and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed on the straight-line method based on the following estimated useful lives of the assets:

 

Type

  

Estimated Useful Life

Buildings

   15 to 45 years

Building improvements

   5 to 20 years

Furniture, fixtures, and equipment

   3 to 25 years

Leasehold improvements

   Shorter of useful lives or the terms of the leases

Improvements are capitalized and amortized to occupancy expense based on the above table. Construction in process is carried at cost and includes land acquisition cost, architectural fees, general contractor fees, capitalized interest and other costs related directly to the construction of a property.

Other Real Estate Owned. Real estate acquired in the settlement of loans is initially recorded at fair value, less estimated costs to sell. Specific valuation allowances on other real estate owned are recorded through

 

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charges to operations to recognize declines in fair value subsequent to foreclosure. Gains on sales are recognized when certain criteria relating to the buyer’s initial and continuing investment in the property are met.

Investments in Affordable Housing. The Company is a limited partner in limited partnerships that invest in low-income housing projects that qualify for Federal and/or State income tax credits. As of December 31, 2009, six of the limited partnerships in which the Company has an equity interest were determined to be variable interest entities for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company therefore consolidated the financial statements of these six limited partnerships into its consolidated financial statements. As further discussed in Note 8, the partnership interests are accounted for utilizing the equity method of accounting except for the six limited partnership that are consolidated by the Company.

Investments in Venture Capital. The Company invests in limited partnerships that invest in nonpublic companies. These partnerships are commonly referred to as venture capital investments. These limited partnership interests represent ownership of less than 5% and are carried under the cost method with other-than-temporary impairment charged against net income.

Goodwill and Goodwill Impairment. Goodwill represents the excess of costs over fair value of assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment at least annually in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 350. ASC Topic 350 also requires that intangible assets with estimable useful lives be amortized over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values, and reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC Topic 360, formerly, SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.”

The Company’s policy is to assess goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis or between annual assessments if a triggering event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Impairment is the condition that exists when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. Accounting standards require management to estimate the fair value of each reporting unit in making the assessment of impairment at least annually.

The impairment testing process conducted by the Company begins by assigning net assets and goodwill to its three reporting units–Commercial Lending, Retail Banking, and East Coast Operations. The Company then completes “step one” of the impairment test by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit (as determined based on the discussion below) with the recorded book value (or “carrying amount”) of its net assets, with goodwill included in the computation of the carrying amount. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of that reporting unit is not considered impaired, and “step two” of the impairment test is not necessary. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, step two of the impairment test is performed to determine the amount of impairment. Step two of the impairment test compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill to the “implied fair value” of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is computed by assuming all assets and liabilities of the reporting unit would be adjusted to the current fair value, with the offset as an adjustment to goodwill. This adjusted goodwill balance is the implied fair value used in step two. An impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value.

The Commercial Lending unit did not have any goodwill allocated to the unit and accordingly no goodwill impairment testing was performed for that unit. The reporting unit fair values for the Retail Banking unit and the East Coast Operations were determined by an outside third-party national valuation firm, based on data supplied by the Company. Such reporting unit fair values were determined based on an equal weighting of (1) the fair

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

value determined using a market approach using a combination of price to earnings multiples determined based on a representative peer group applied to 2010 and 2011 forecasted earnings, and if appropriate, 2009 net earnings and a price to book multiple and (2) the fair value determined using a dividend discount model with the discount rate determined using the same representative peer group. A control premium was then applied to the unit fair values so determined.

In determining the forecasted earnings for the Retail Banking unit and the East Coast Operations, the financial forecasts assume some recovery from the current business downturn beginning in the second half of 2010 and then muted growth thereafter. It should be noted, however, that these reporting units have already been performing at a satisfactory level given the environment. The principal driver of the Company’s negative operating results has been the Commercial Lending reporting unit where the vast majority of the Company’s loan losses are incurred. The forecasts reflect an assumption that interest rates will increase steadily beginning in the second half of 2010 until December 2012. A summary of the respective unit fair value, carrying amounts and unit goodwill as well as the percentage by which fair value exceed carrying value of each reporting unit is shown below:

 

Reporting Units

   Carrying
Amount
   Fair Value    Fair Value in
Excess of
Carrying
Amount
    Allocated
Goodwill
          (Dollars in thousands)      

Commercial Lending Unit

   $ 488,937    $ 50,000    —          —  

Retail Banking Unit

     382,956      425,000    11.0     235,194

East Coast Operations

     188,385      195,000    3.5     81,147
                      

Total

   $ 1,060,278    $ 670,000      $ 316,341
                      

If economic conditions were to worsen instead of improve as assumed in the key assumptions, then the forecasted earnings for the Retail Banking unit and the East Coast Operations could be significantly lower than projected. In addition, a worsening of economic conditions could potentially reduce the price to earnings multiples and price to book multiples of peer groups for Retail Banking and East Coast Operations and result in a reduction in the fair value of these units even if the forecasted earnings were achieved.

Core Deposit Premium. Core deposit premium, which represents the purchase price over the fair value of the deposits acquired from other financial institutions, is amortized over its estimated useful life to its residual value in proportion to the economic benefits consumed. If a pattern of consumption cannot be reliably determined, straight-line amortization is used. The Company assesses the recoverability of this intangible asset by determining whether the amortization of the premium balance over its remaining life can be recovered through the remaining deposit portfolio and amortizes core deposit premium over its estimated useful life.

At December 31, 2009, the unamortized balance of core deposit premium was $22.4 million, which was net of accumulated amortization of $38.3 million. Aggregate amortization expense for core deposit premium was $6.6 million for 2009, $6.9 million for 2008, and $7.1 million for 2007. At December 31, 2009, the estimated aggregate amortization of core deposit premiums is $6.0 million for 2010, $5.9 million for 2011, $5.7 million for 2012, $4.5 million for 2013, and $0.4 million for 2014 and thereafter. As of December 31, 2008, the unamortized balance of the core deposit premium was $29.0 million, which was net of accumulated amortization of $31.9 million.

 

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Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase. The Company sells certain securities under agreements to repurchase. The agreements are treated as collateralized financing transactions and the obligations to repurchase securities sold are reflected as a liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The securities underlying the agreements remain in the applicable asset accounts.

Stock-Based Compensation. Stock-based compensation expense for stock options is calculated based on the fair value of the award at the grant date for those options expected to vest, and is recognized as an expense over the vesting period of the grant using the straight-line method. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the value of granted options. This model takes into account the option exercise price, the expected life, the current price of the underlying stock, the expected volatility of the Company’s stock, expected dividends on the stock and a risk-free interest rate. The Company estimates the expected volatility based on the Company’s historical stock prices for the period corresponding to the expected life of the stock options. Option compensation expense totaled $5.4 million in 2009, $7.4 million in 2008, and $6.8 million in 2007. Stock-based compensation is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for all awards. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options totaled $5.0 million at December 31, 2009, and is expected to be recognized over the next 1.7 years.

The weighted average per share fair value of the options granted was $6.86 during 2008 on the date of grant. No options were granted in 2009 and in 2007. For options granted in 2008, the Company has estimated the expected life of the options to be 6.5 years based on the average of the contractual period and the vesting period, except the 100,000 shares granted to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer on February 21, 2008, of which 50% vested on February 21, 2009, and the remaining 50% vested on February 21, 2010. The expected life of the 100,000 shares granted to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer on February 21, 2008 was 5.8 years. Fair value is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:

 

     2008  

Expected life — number of years

   6.4   

Risk-free interest rate

   3.09

Volatility

   30.04

Dividend yield

   1.80

Foreign Exchange Forwards and Foreign Currency Option Contracts. We enter into foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign currency option contracts with correspondent banks to mitigate the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates for foreign currency certificates of deposit, foreign exchange contracts or foreign currency option contracts entered into with our clients. These contracts are not designated as hedging instruments and are recorded at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of these contracts as well as the related foreign currency certificates of deposit, foreign exchange contracts or foreign currency option contracts, are recognized immediately in net income as a component of non-interest income. Period end gross positive fair values are recorded in other assets and gross negative fair values are recorded in other liabilities.

Income Taxes. The provision for income taxes is based on income reported for financial statement purposes, and differs from the amount of taxes currently payable, since certain income and expense items are reported for financial statement purposes in different periods than those for tax reporting purposes. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability approach, the objective of which is to establish deferred tax assets and liabilities for the temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when such amounts are realized or settled. A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Comprehensive Income/(loss). Comprehensive income/(loss) is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Comprehensive income/(loss) generally includes net income/(loss), foreign currency translation adjustments, minimum pension liability adjustments, unrealized gains and losses on investments in securities available-for-sale, and cash flow hedges. Comprehensive income/(loss) and its components are reported and displayed in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income/(loss).

Net Income per Common Share. Earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed on a basic and diluted basis. Basic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shares in the earnings of the Company. Potential dilution is excluded from computation of diluted per-share amounts when a net loss from operations exists.

Foreign Currency Translation. The Company considers the functional currency of its foreign operations to be the United States dollar. Accordingly, the Company remeasures monetary assets and liabilities at year-end exchange rates, while nonmonetary items are remeasured at historical rates. Income and expense accounts are remeasured at the average rates in effect during the year, except for depreciation, which is remeasured at historical rates. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recognized in income in the period of occurrence.

Statement of Cash Flows. Cash and cash equivalents include short-term highly-liquid investments that generally have an original maturity of three months or less.

Segment Information and Disclosures. Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America establish standards to report information about operating segments in annual financial statements and require reporting of selected information about operating segments in interim reports to stockholders. It also establishes standards for related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas, and major customers. The Company has concluded it has one operating segment.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations (Revised 2007)” was codified into ASC Topic 805. ASC Topic 805 applies to all transactions and other events in which one entity obtains control over one or more other businesses and requires an acquirer, upon initially obtaining control of another entity, to recognize the assets, liabilities and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree at fair value as of the acquisition date. Contingent consideration is required to be recognized and measured at fair value on the date of acquisition rather than at a later date when the amount of that consideration may be determinable beyond a reasonable doubt. This fair value approach replaces the cost-allocation process whereby the cost of an acquisition was allocated to the individual assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair value. ASC Topic 805 requires acquirers to expense acquisition-related costs as incurred rather than allocating such costs to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Pre-acquisition contingencies are to be recognized at fair value, unless it is a non-contractual contingency that is not likely to materialize, in which case, nothing should be recognized in purchase accounting and, instead, that contingency would be subject to the probable and estimable recognition criteria of ASC Topic 450, “Accounting for Contingencies.” ASC Topic 805 is expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s accounting for business combinations closing on or after January 1, 2009.

In April 2009, the FASB issued ASC Topic 820, formerly FASB Staff Position (FSP) 157-4, “Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and

 

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Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly”. ASC Topic 820 provides additional guidance for estimating fair value when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have significantly decreased when compared with normal market activity for the asset or liability and identifying transactions that are not orderly. In those circumstances, further analysis and significant adjustment to the transaction or quoted prices may be necessary to estimate fair value. ASC Topic 820 reaffirms fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. The adoption of this standard on June 15, 2009, did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. See Note 16- “Fair Value Measurements” for more information.

SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB Statement No. 51.” SFAS 160 amends Accounting Research Bulletin (ARB) No. 51, “Consolidated Financial Statements,” which was codified into ASC Topic 810 to establish accounting and reporting standards for the non-controlling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. ASC Topic 810 clarifies that a non-controlling interest in a subsidiary, which is sometimes referred to as minority interest, is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as a component of equity in the consolidated financial statements. Among other requirements, ASC Topic 810 requires consolidated net income to be reported at amounts that include the amounts attributable to both the parent and the non-controlling interest. It also requires disclosure, on the face of the consolidated income statement, of the amounts of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the non-controlling interest. The Company adopted ASC Topic 810 effective as of January 1, 2009, and reclassified non-controlling interest of $8.5 million from other liabilities to equity.

In March 2008, the FASB issued ASC Topic 815, formerly Statement No. 161, “Disclosure about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities- an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133”. ASC Topic 815 requires enhanced disclosures about how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for and how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. ASC Topic 815 was effective for the Company on November 15, 2008. The adoption of ASC Topic 815 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In April 2009, the FASB issued ASC Topic 825, formerly SFAS 107-1, “Interim Disclosure about Fair Value of Financial Instruments.” ASC Topic 825 requires publicly traded companies to disclose the fair value of financial instruments within the scope of ASC Topic 825 in interim financial statements, in addition to annual statements. Publicly traded companies also shall disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments and shall describe changes in methods and significant assumptions, if any, during the period. The adoption of this standard on June 15, 2009, did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In June 2009, the FASB issued ASC Topic 860, formerly SFAS 166, “Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140.” ASC Topic 860 removes the concept of a qualifying special-purpose entity and the provisions for guaranteed mortgage securitizations in earlier FASB pronouncements. A transferor should account for the transfer as a sale only if it transfers an entire financial asset and surrenders control over the entire transferred assets in accordance with the conditions in ASC Topic 860. ASC Topic 860 limits the circumstances in which a financial asset should be derecognized. ASC Topic 860 is effective for annual financial statements covering the first fiscal year ending after November 15, 2009. Adoption of ASC 860 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In June 2009, the FASB issued ASC Topic 810, formerly SFAS 167, “Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R).” ASC Topic 810 eliminates the quantitative approach previously required under FIN 46(R) for determining whether an entity is a variable interest entity. ASC Topic 810 requires an entity to perform ongoing

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

assessments to determine whether an entity is the primarily beneficiary of a variable interest entity. The ongoing assessments identify the power to direct the activities of a variable interest entity, the obligation to absorb losses of the entity and the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the variable interest entity. ASC Topic 810 is effective for annual financial statements covering the first fiscal year ending after November 15, 2009. Adoption of ASC Topic 810 did not have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

The FASB issued ASU 2010-06 “Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements” in January 2010 to improve disclosure requirements related to ASC Topic 820. ASU 2010-06 requires an entity to report separately significant transfers in and out of Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements and to explain the transfers. It also requires an entity to present separately information about purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements for Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU 2010-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2010. The Company does not expect a material impact on its consolidated financial statements from adoption of ASU 2010-06.

2. Business Combinations and Investments

The Company completed one acquisition in 2007 that was accounted using the purchase method of accounting. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities were adjusted to and recorded at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired, if identifiable, was recorded as a premium on purchased deposits, and if not identifiable, was recorded as goodwill. The estimated tax effect of differences between tax bases and fair value has been reflected in deferred income taxes.

As of December 31, 2009, goodwill was $316.3 million, a decrease of $3.3 million, compared to $319.6 million at December 31, 2008, due to the expiration of the statute of limitations for an uncertain tax position taken by GBC Bancorp which was previously recorded as a purchase accounting adjustment at the date of acquisition. Acquisition-related lease liability was $362,000 at December 31, 2009, and $424,000 at December 31, 2008.

At December 31, 2009, the Company owns 215,000 shares, or 13.1%, of the stock of Broadway Financial Corporation (the “BFC”), which is headquartered in Los Angeles, California. These shares have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933 and may not be sold, offered for sale, pledged or hypothecated in the absence of an effective registration or an applicable exemption to registration. The Company accounts for the BFC investment on the cost method due to the restricted nature of the shares and the less than 20% ownership. As of December 31, 2009, the net carrying value of the investment in BFC totaling $826,000 was included in other assets. Other-than-temporary impairment write-downs to investment in BFC were zero in 2009, $1.0 million in 2008, and $746,000 in 2007.

3. Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company manages its cash and cash equivalents, which consist of cash on hand, amounts due from banks, federal funds sold, and short-term investments with original maturity of three months or less, based upon the Company’s operating, investment, and financing activities. For the purpose of reporting cash flows, these same accounts are included in cash and cash equivalents.

The Company is required to maintain reserves with the Federal Reserve Bank. Reserve requirements are based on a percentage of deposit liabilities. The average reserve balances required were $13.6 million for 2009 and $7.7 million for 2008.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The following table sets forth information with respect to federal funds sold:

 

     2009     2008  
     (In thousands)  

Balance, December 31

   $ —        $ —     

Annualized weighted-average interest rate, December 31

     0.00     0.00

Average amount outstanding during the year (1)

   $ 35,808      $ 14,160   

Weighted-average interest rate for the year

     0.13     2.34

Maximum amount outstanding at any month end

   $ 110,000      $ 28,000   

 

(1) Average balance was computed using daily averages.

4. Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell

Securities purchased under agreements to resell are usually collateralized by U.S. government agency and mortgage-backed securities. The counter-parties to these agreements are nationally recognized investment banking firms that meet credit requirements of the Company and with whom a master repurchase agreement has been duly executed. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had four resale agreements of $201.0 million outstanding at an annualized weighted average interest rate of 5.39%. During the first quarter of 2009, one resale agreement of $51.0 million matured in January 2009 and three long-term resale agreements of $150.0 million were called in February 2009. As of December 31, 2009, the Company has no resale agreements outstanding.

The following table sets forth information with respect to securities purchased under resell agreements.

 

     2009     2008  
     (In thousands)  

Balance, December 31

   $ —        $ 201,000   

Annualized weighted-average interest rate, December 31

     0.00     5.39

Average amount outstanding during the year (1)

   $ 22,674      $ 220,736   

Weighted-average interest rate for the year

     5.75     6.65

Maximum amount outstanding at any month end

   $ 150,000      $ 370,125   

 

(1) Average balance was computed using daily averages.

For those securities obtained under the resale agreements, the collateral is either held by a third party custodian or by the counter party and is segregated under written agreements that recognize the Company’s interest in the securities. Interest income associated with securities purchased under resale agreements totaled $1.3 million for 2009, $14.7 million for 2008, and $23.4 million for 2007.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

5. Investment Securities

Investment Securities. The following table reflects the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses, and fair values of investment securities as of December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2008:

 

     Amortized
Cost
   Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   Gross
Unrealized
Losses
   Fair Value
     (In thousands)

Securities Held-to-Maturity*

           

2009

           

U.S. government sponsored entities

   $ 99,876    $ 1,187    $ —      $ 101,063

Mortgage-backed securities

     535,139      —        7,294      527,845
                           

Total securities held-to-maturity

   $ 635,015    $ 1,187    $ 7,294    $ 628,908
                           

* No securities held-to-maturity in 2008

           

Securities Available-for-Sale

           

2009

           

U.S. treasury securities

   $ 13,825    $ —      $ 77    $ 13,748

U.S. government sponsored entities

     873,290      1,284      3,230      871,344

State and municipal securities

     12,750      109      36      12,823

Mortgage-backed securities

     1,939,821      9,730      7,375      1,942,176

Collateralized mortgage obligations

     49,161      266      1,638      47,789

Asset-backed securities

     312      —        63      249

Corporate bonds

     10,246      —        489      9,757

Preferred stock of government sponsored entities

     1,061      211      —        1,272

Other securities-foreign

     14,975      —        84      14,891

Other equity securities

     1,050      —        —        1,050
                           

Total securities available-for-sale

   $ 2,916,491    $ 11,600    $ 12,992    $ 2,915,099
                           

Total investment securities

   $ 3,551,506    $ 12,787    $ 20,286    $ 3,544,007
                           

2008

           

U.S. treasury securities

   $ 10,510    $ 35    $ —      $ 10,545

U.S. government sponsored entities

     764,341      1,641      —        765,982

State and municipal securities

     23,059      214      37      23,236

Mortgage-backed securities

     2,029,265      53,476      5,278      2,077,463

Collateralized mortgage obligations

     179,939      462      7,523      172,878

Asset-backed securities

     423      —        63      360

Corporate bonds

     35,246      —        2,676      32,570

Preferred stock of government sponsored entities

     783      —        —        783
                           

Total investment securities

   $ 3,043,566    $ 55,828    $ 15,577    $ 3,083,817
                           

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities at December 31, 2009, by contractual maturities are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or repayment penalties.

 

     Securities Available-for-Sale    Securities Held-to-Maturity
     Cost    Fair Value        Cost            Fair Value    
     (In thousands)

Due in one year or less

   $ 10,646    $ 10,600    $ —      $ —  

Due after one year through five years

     758,432      754,886      99,876      101,063

Due after five years through ten years

     344,552      349,303      —        —  

Due after ten years (1)

     1,802,861      1,800,310      535,139      527,845
                           

Total

   $ 2,916,491    $ 2,915,099    $ 635,015    $ 628,908
                           

 

(1) Equity securities are reported in this category.

Proceeds from sales and repayments of mortgage-backed securities were $2.76 billion during 2009, $1.90 billion during 2008, and $208,000 during 2007. Proceeds from sales and repayments of other investment securities were $52,000 during 2009, $651,000 during 2008, and $252,000 during 2007. Proceeds from maturity and call of investment securities were $1.43 billion during 2009, $1.06 billion during 2008, and $820,000 during 2007. In 2009, gains of $56.5 million and losses of $9,000 were realized on sales and calls of investment securities compared with $29.4 million in gains and $6,000 in losses realized in 2008, and $2.9 million in gains and $2.1 million in losses realized in 2007.

ASC Topic 320 requires an entity to assess whether the entity has the intent to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery. If either of these conditions is met, an entity must recognize an other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”). If an entity does not intend to sell the debt security and will not be required to sell the debt security, the entity must consider whether it will recover the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of expected cash flows is less than the amortized cost basis of the security, OTTI shall have considered to have occurred. OTTI is then separated into the amount of the total impairment related to credit losses and the amount of the total impairment related to all other factors. An entity determines the impairment related to credit losses by comparing the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security with the amortized cost basis of the security. OTTI related to the credit loss is then recognized in earnings. OTTI related to all other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income. OTTI not related to the credit loss for a held-to-maturity security should be recognized separately in a new category of other comprehensive income and amortized over the remaining life of the debt security as an increase in the carrying value of the security only when the entity does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell the security before recovery of its remaining amortized cost basis. The entity expects to recover the amortized cost basis of its debt securities, and has no intent to sell and will not be required to sell available-for-sale securities that decline below their cost before their anticipated recovery. At December 31, 2009, there was no other-than-temporary impairment related to credit losses to be recognized in earnings. Other-than-temporary impairment related to all other factors was recognized in other comprehensive income.

Between 2002 and 2004, we purchased a number of mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations comprised of interests in non-agency guaranteed residential mortgages. At December 31, 2009, the remaining par value was $13.5 million for non-agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities with unrealized losses of $1.2 million and $43.2 million of collateralized mortgage obligations with unrealized losses of $1.6 million. The remaining par value of these securities totaled $56.7 million which represents 1.6% of the fair value of investment securities and 0.5% of total assets. At December 31, 2009, the unrealized loss for these

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

securities totaled $2.8 million which represented 4.9% of the par amount of these non-agency guaranteed residential mortgages. Based on the Company’s analysis at December 31, 2009, there was no “other-than-temporary” impairment in these securities due to the low loan to value ratio for the loans underlying these securities, the credit support provided by junior tranches of these securitizations, and the continued AAA rating for all but four issues of these securities. The Company’s analysis also indicated the continued full ultimate collection of principal and interest for the four issues that were no longer rated AAA.

The temporarily impaired securities represent 58.7% of the fair value of investment securities as of December 31, 2009. Unrealized losses for securities with unrealized losses for less than twelve months represent 0.9%, and securities with unrealized losses for twelve months or more represent 7.1%, of the historical cost of these securities. Unrealized losses on these securities generally resulted from increases in interest rate spreads subsequent to the date that these securities were purchased. All of these securities are investment grade as of December 31, 2009. At December 31, 2009, 21 issues of securities had unrealized losses for 12 months or longer and 63 issues of securities had unrealized losses of less than 12 months.

At December 31, 2009, management believed the impairment was temporary and, accordingly, no impairment loss has been recognized in our consolidated statements of operations. The table below shows the fair value, unrealized losses, and number of issuances of the temporarily impaired securities in our investment securities portfolio as of December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2008:

Temporarily Impaired Securities

 

    Less than 12 months   12 months or longer   Total
    Fair
Value
  Unrealized
Losses
  No. of
Issuances
  Fair
Value
  Unrealized
Losses
  No. of
Issuances
  Fair
Value
  Unrealized
Losses
  No. of
Issuances
    (Dollars in thousands)

As of December 31, 2009

                 

Securities Held-to-Maturity

                 

Mortgage-backed securities

  $ 527,845   $ 7,294   12     —       —     —     $ 527,845   $ 7,294   12
                                               

Total securities held-to-maturity

    527,845     7,294   12     —       —     —       527,845     7,294   12
                                               

Securities Available-for-Sale

                 

U.S. Treasury entities

  $ 13,748   $ 77   2   $ —     $ —     —     $ 13,748   $ 77   2

U.S. government sponsored entities

    408,888     3,230   9     —       —     —       408,888     3,230   9

State and municipal securities

    —       —     —       659     36   1     659     36   1

Mortgage-backed securities

    1,050,968     6,216   32     855     3   5     1,051,823     6,219   37

Mortgage-backed securities-Non-agency

    —       —     —       12,302     1,156   3     12,302     1,156   3

Collateralized mortgage obligations

    30,870     955   4     8,304     683   8     39,174     1,638   12

Asset-backed securities

    —       —     —       249     63   1     249     63   1

Corporate bonds

    249     1   1     9,508     488   3     9,757     489   4

Other securities-foreign organization

    14,891     84   3     —       —     —       14,891     84   3
                                               

Total securities available-for-sale

    1,519,614     10,563   51     31,877     2,429   21     1,551,491     12,992   72
                                               

Total investment securities

  $ 2,047,459   $ 17,857   63   $ 31,877   $ 2,429   21   $ 2,079,336   $ 20,286   84
                                               

As of December 31, 2008

                 

Securities Available-for-Sale

                 

State and municipal securities

  $ 339   $ 15   1   $ 1,098   $ 22   2   $ 1,437   $ 37   3

Mortgage-backed securities

    8,294     247   26     12,139     5,031   9     20,433     5,278   35

Collateralized mortgage obligations

    —       —     1     107,503     7,523   24     107,503     7,523   25

Asset-backed securities

    —       —     —       360     63   2     360     63   2

Corporate bonds

    32,385     2,611   4     185     65   1     32,570     2,676   5
                                               

Total investment securities

  $ 41,018   $ 2,873   32   $ 121,285   $ 12,704   38   $ 162,303   $ 15,577   70
                                               

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Investment securities having a carrying value of $1.97 billion at December 31, 2009, and $2.94 billion at December 31, 2008, were pledged to secure public deposits, other borrowings, treasury tax and loan, Federal Home Loan Bank advances, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and foreign exchange transactions.

6. Loans

Most of the Company’s business activity is predominately with Asian customers located in Southern and Northern California; New York City; Houston and Dallas, Texas; Seattle, Washington; Boston, Massachusetts; Chicago, Illinois; and Edison, New Jersey. The Company has no specific industry concentration, and generally its loans are collateralized with real property or other pledged collateral of the borrowers. Loans are generally expected to be paid off from the operating profits of the borrowers, refinancing by another lender, or through sale by the borrowers of the secured collateral.

The components of loans in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2008, were as follows:

 

     2009     2008  
     (In thousands)  

Type of Loans:

    

Commercial loans

   $ 1,307,880      $ 1,620,438   

Residential mortgage loans

     682,291        622,741   

Commercial mortgage loans

     4,065,155        4,132,850   

Equity lines

     195,975        168,756   

Real estate construction loans

     626,087        913,168   

Installment loans

     13,390        11,340   

Other loans

     8,364        3,075   
                

Gross loans

     6,899,142        7,472,368   
                

Less:

    

Allowance for loan losses

     (211,889     (122,093

Unamortized deferred loan fees

     (8,339     (10,094
                

Total loans and leases, net

   $ 6,678,914      $ 7,340,181   
                

Loans held for sale

   $ 54,826      $ —     
                

In December 2009, the Company transferred ten non-accrual loans of $54.8 million from loans for investment to loans held for sale and recorded a write-down of $14.5 million to allowance for loan losses. The Company determined the market value of loans held for sale based on quoted price from third party sale analysis, existing sale agreements and recent appraisal reports minus applicable sales commission. As of December 31, 2009, loans held for sale were $54.8 million. There were no loans held-for-sale as of December 31, 2008. At December 31, 2009, the Company pledged real estate loans of $2.0 billion to the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco under its specific pledge program. In addition, the Bank pledged $465.9 million of its construction loans to the Federal Reserve Bank’s Discount Window under the Borrower-in-Custody program at December 31, 2009.

Loans serviced for others as of December 31, 2009, totaled $249.5 million and were comprised of $49.7 million of commercial loans, $103.1 million of commercial real estate loans, $47.6 million in construction loans, and $49.1 million of residential mortgages.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The Company has entered into transactions with its directors, executive officers, or principal holders of its equity securities, or the associates of such persons (“Related Parties”). Such transactions were made in the ordinary course of business on substantially the same terms and conditions, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the same time for comparable transactions with customers who are not related parties. In management’s opinion, these transactions did not involve more than normal credit risk or present other unfavorable features. All loans to Related Parties were current as of December 31, 2009. An analysis of the activity with respect to loans to Related Parties for the years indicated is as follows:

 

     December 31,  
     2009     2008  
     (In thousands)  

Balance at beginning of year

   $ 138,319      $ 135,882   

Additional loans made

     81,047        131,289   

Payment received

     (80,172     (128,852
                

Balance at end of year

   $ 139,194      $ 138,319   
                

The allowance for loan losses and the reserve for off-balance sheet credit commitments are significant estimates that can and do change based on management’s process in analyzing the loan portfolio and on management’s assumptions about specific borrowers, underlying collateral, and applicable economic and environmental conditions, among other factors. An analysis of the activity in the allowance for credit losses for the years indicated is as follows:

 

     December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  
     (In thousands)  

Allowance for Loan Losses

      

Balance at beginning of year

   $ 122,093      $ 64,983      $ 60,220   

Provision for credit losses

     307,000        106,700        11,000   

Transfers from/(to) reserve for off-balance sheet credit commitments

     2,125        (2,756     (107

Loans charged off

     (222,547     (48,683     (10,074

Recoveries of charged off loans

     3,218        1,849        3,512   

Allowance from acquisitions

     —          —          432   
                        

Balance at end of year

   $ 211,889      $ 122,093      $ 64,983   
                        

Reserve for Off-balance Sheet Credit Commitments

      

Balance at beginning of year

   $ 7,332      $ 4,576      $ 4,469   

Provision for credit losses/transfers

     (2,125     2,756        107   
                        

Balance at end of year

   $ 5,207      $ 7,332      $ 4,576   
                        

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The Company had identified impaired loans with a recorded investment of approximately $390.5 million as of December 31, 2009, and $181.2 million as of December 31, 2008. The average balance of impaired loans was $359.6 million for 2009 and $106.7 million for 2008. Interest collected on impaired loans totaled $11.1 million in 2009, $8.8 million in 2008, and $2.8 million in 2007. The Bank recognizes interest income on impaired loans based on its existing method of recognizing interest income on non-accrual loans. The following table presents impaired loans and the related allowance and charge-off as of the dates indicated:

 

    Impaired Loans  
    Balance   Allowance     Allowance as a
% of Balance
    Cumulative
Charge-off
  Cumulative
Charge-off as a
% of Balance
 
    (Dollars in thousands)  

At December 31, 2009

         

With no allocated allowance

         

Without charge-off

  $ 153,380   $ —        —        $ —     —     

With charge-off

    84,886     —        —          39,414   31.71

With allocated allowance

         

Without charge-off

    27,388     934      3.41     —     —     

With charge-off

    124,807     14,199      11.38     61,792   33.11
                       

Total

  $ 390,461   $ 15,133      3.88   $ 101,206   20.58
                       

Allowance allocated to impaired loans as a percentage to balance of impaired loans with allowance allocated

      9.94      

At December 31, 2008

         

With no allocated allowance

         

Without charge-off

  $ 60,519   $ —        —        $ —     —     

With charge-off

    19,332     —        —          18,689   49.15

With allocated allowance

         

Without charge-off

    88,468     26,003      29.39     —     —     

With charge-off

    12,883     2,535      19.68     10,125   44.01
                       

Total

  $ 181,202   $ 28,538      15.75   $ 28,814   13.72
                       

Allowance allocated to impaired loans as a percentage to balance of impaired loans with allowance allocated

      28.16      

For impaired loans at December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2008, the amounts previously charged off represent 20.6% and 13.7% of the contractual balances for impaired loans. At December 31, 2009, $153.4 million of impaired loans had no allocated allowance and had no previous charge-offs. Performing troubled debt restructuring total $41.2 million and are included in the $151.8 million total. The remaining $112.2 million of impaired loans with no allocated allowance and no previous charge-offs were comprised of a loan of $47.6 million which is expected to be restructured during the second quarter of 2010 with no loss, a loan for $9.4 million which was restored to accrual status in January 2010, a loan for $7.5 million and 61 other loans totaling $47.7 million where the fair value of the collateral exceeded the loan amounts. Despite the significant deterioration in the real estate values in our market area, many of the loans originated by the Bank were originally made with loan-to-value ratios below 70%, such that even after taking the sometimes significant market depreciation into consideration, the current value of the underlying collateral continues to exceed the loan balance. The impaired loans included in the table above were comprised of $38.8 million in commercial loans and $351.7 million in real estate loans as of December 31, 2009, and $20.9 million in commercial loans and $160.3 million in real estate loans as of December 31, 2008.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The following is a summary of non-accrual loans as of December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007 and the related net interest foregone for the years then ended:

 

     2009    2008    2007
     (In thousands)

Non-accrual portfolio loans

   $ 280,643    $ 181,202    $ 58,275

Non-accrual loans held-for-sale

     54,826      —        —  
                    

Total non-accrual loans

   $ 335,469    $ 181,202    $ 58,275
                    

Contractual interest due

   $ 23,746    $ 14,043    $ 5,324

Interest recognized

     9,830      8,782      2,756
                    

Net interest foregone

   $ 13,916    $ 5,261    $ 2,568
                    

A troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) is a formal modification of the terms of a loan when the lender, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower. The concessions may be granted in various forms, including reduction in the stated interest rate, reduction in the loan balance or accrued interest, or extension of the maturity date. Although these loan modifications are considered ASC 310-40, formerly SFAS 15, troubled debt restructurings, the loans have, pursuant to the Bank’s policy, performed under the restructured terms and have demonstrated sustained performance under the modified terms for six months before being returned to accrual status. The sustained performance considered by management pursuant to its policy includes the periods prior to the modification if the prior performance met or exceeded the modified terms. This would include cash paid by the borrower prior to the restructure to set up interest reserves.

A summary of TDRs by type of concession and by accrual/non-accrual status is shown below:

 

     Accruing    Non-accrual    Total
     Amount    No. of Loans    Amount    No. of Loans    Amount    No. of Loans
     (Dollars in thousands)

As of December 31, 2009

                 

Interest deferral

   $ 8,864    1    $ 5,764    2    $ 14,628    3

Principal deferral

     34,716    9      9,322    6      44,038    15

Rate reduction

     863    3      8,886    1      9,749    4

Rate reduction and forgiveness of principal

     10,549    1      —      —        10,549    1

Rate reduction and payment deferral

     —      —        17,637    3      17,637    3
                                   

Total

   $ 54,992    14    $ 41,609    12    $ 96,601    26
                                   

As of December 31, 2008

                 

Rate reduction

   $ 924    3    $ 10,690    4    $ 11,614    7
                                   

Total

   $ 924    3    $ 10,690    4    $ 11,614    7
                                   

TDRs on accrual status totaled $55.0 million at December 31, 2009 and were comprised of 14 loans, an increase of $54.1 million, compared to three loans totaling $924,000 at December 31, 2008. TDRs at December 31, 2009, were comprised of four office and commercial use buildings of $28.3 million, three multi-family residential loans of $11.6 million, a hotel loan of $10.3 million, two land loans of $2.3 million, three shopping center loans of $2.1 million and a single family residential loan of $485,000. The Company expects that the troubled debt restructuring loans on accruing status as of December 31, 2009, which are all performing in accordance with their restructured terms, to continue to comply with the restructured terms because of the reduced principal or interest payments on $43.6 million of these loans and the additional collateral contributed on the $10.5 million construction loan concurrent with the Bank’s forgiveness of $4.2 million of the principal balance.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

As of December 31, 2009, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to those borrowers whose loans have been restructured, were considered impaired, or were on non-accrual status.

As of December 31, 2009, there were no accruing loans past due 90 days or more. Accruing loans past due 90 days or more were $6.7 million at December 31, 2008.

7. Other Real Estate Owned

At December 31, 2009, the net carrying value of other real estate owned increased $10.0 million, or 16.4%, to $71.0 million from $61.0 million at December 31, 2008. OREO located in California was $51.6 million and was comprised primarily of six land zoned for residential purpose properties of $17.9 million, three office and commercial use buildings construction projects of $11.0 million, six office and commercial use buildings of $7.1 million, four retail shopping centers of $6.3 million, eight single family residences of $5.0 million, three multi-family residences of $2.7 million, a multi-family residential construction project of $1.4 million, and a restaurant of $209,000. OREO located in Texas was comprised of twelve properties, including two multi-family residences of $5.7 million, three office and commercial use buildings of $4.5 million, two retail stores and shopping centers totaling $1.2 million, and four single family residential properties of $1.4 million. OREO located in the state of Washington was $4.3 million and in all other states was $2.4 million.

For 2008, OREO located in California was comprised of eight properties, including $13.5 million for land zoned for residential and retail purposes in Riverside County, California; $10.3 million for land zoned for apartments in Anaheim, California; $4.4 million for a condo project in Los Angeles, California; $3.7 million for four pieces of land zoned for residential purposes; and three other properties totaling $0.6 million. OREO located in Texas was comprised of five properties, including two shopping centers totaling $16.3 million, a $7.1 million apartment building, a $1.4 million hotel, and a $0.8 million office building.

An analysis of the activity in the valuation allowance for other real estate losses for the years ended on December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007 is as follows:

 

     2009     2008    2007  
     (In thousands)  

Balance, beginning of year

   $ 3,814      $ 210    $ 283   

Provision for losses

     28,216        3,604      210   

OREO disposal

     (9,287     —        (283
                       

Balance, end of year

   $ 22,743      $ 3,814    $ 210   
                       

The following table presents the components of other real estate owned expense for the year ended:

 

     2009    2008    2007  
     (In thousands)  

Operating expense

   $ 5,793    $ 1,338    $ 153   

Provision for losses

     28,216      3,604      210   

Net loss/(gain) on disposal

     2,065      11      (29
                      

Total other real estate owned expense

   $ 36,074    $ 4,953    $ 334   
                      

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

8. Investments in Affordable Housing

The Company has invested in certain limited partnerships that were formed to develop and operate housing for lower-income tenants throughout the United States. The Company’s investments in these partnerships were $95.9 million at December 31, 2009, and $103.6 million at December 31, 2008. At December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2008, six of the limited partnerships in which the Company has an equity interest were determined to be variable interest entities for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The consolidation of these limited partnerships in the Company’s consolidated financial statements increased total assets and liabilities by $22.8 million at December 31, 2009, and by $22.8 million at December 31, 2008. Other borrowings for affordable housing limited partnerships were $19.3 million at December 31, 2009 and $19.5 million at December 31, 2008; recourse is limited to the assets of the limited partnerships. Unfunded commitments for affordable housing limited partnerships of $8.1 million as of December 31, 2009, and $22.1 million as of December 31, 2008, were recorded under other liabilities.

Each of the partnerships must meet regulatory requirements for affordable housing for a minimum 15-year compliance period to fully utilize the tax credits. If the partnerships cease to qualify during the compliance period, the credits may be denied for any period in which the projects are not in compliance and a portion of the credits previously taken is subject to recapture with interest. The remaining tax credits to be utilized over a multiple-year period are $61.8 million for Federal and $2.0 million for state at December 31, 2009. The Company’s usage of tax credits approximated $11.1 million in 2009, $10.0 million in 2008, and $8.4 million in 2007. For the year ended December 31, operations of investments in affordable housing resulted in pretax losses of $7.3 million for 2009, $7.4 million for 2008, and $6.6 million for 2007. Losses in excess of the Bank’s investment in two limited partnerships have not been recorded in the Company’s consolidated financial statements because the Company had fully satisfied all capital commitments required under the respective limited partnership agreements.

9. Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment consisted of the following at December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2008:

 

     2009    2008
     (In thousands)

Land and land improvements

   $ 33,429    $ 31,721

Building and building improvements

     69,114      33,163

Furniture, fixtures and equipment

     31,176      26,319

Leasehold improvement

     12,109      12,307

Construction in process

     1,816      35,204
             
     147,644      138,714

Less: Accumulated depreciation/amortization

     39,009      34,607
             

Premises and equipment, net

   $ 108,635    $ 104,107
             

The amount of depreciation/amortization included in operating expense was $7.7 million in 2009, $4.2 million in 2008, and $4.3 million in 2007.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

10. Deposits

The following table displays deposit balances as of December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2008:

 

     2009    2008
     Amount    Amount
     (In thousands)

Demand

   $ 864,551    $ 730,433

NOW accounts

     337,304      257,234

Money market accounts

     943,164      659,454

Saving accounts

     347,724      316,263

Time deposits under $100,000

     1,529,954      1,644,407

Time deposits of $100,000 or more

     3,482,343      3,228,945
             

Total

   $ 7,505,040    $ 6,836,736
             

Time deposits outstanding as of December 31, 2009, mature as follows.

 

    Expected Maturity Date at December 31,    
    2010   2011   2012   2013   2014   Thereafter   Total
    (In thousands)

Time deposits, $100,000 and over

  $ 3,453,269   $ 22,158   $ 6,916   $ —     $ —     $ —     $ 3,482,343

Other time deposits

    1,268,031     116,915     144,653     296     59       1,529,954
                                         
  $ 4,721,300   $ 139,073   $ 151,569   $ 296   $ 59   $ —     $ 5,012,297
                                         

Accrued interest payable on customer deposits was $9.7 million at December 31, 2009, $19.3 million at December 31, 2008, and $20.4 million at December 31, 2007. The following table summarizes the interest expense on deposits by account type for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007:

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2009    2008    2007
     (In thousands)

Interest bearing demand

   $ 1,059    $ 1,544    $ 2,823

Money market accounts

     13,233      13,581      21,531

Saving accounts

     799      1,188      3,258

Time deposits

     118,465      161,397      181,891
                    

Total

   $ 133,556    $ 177,710    $ 209,503
                    

11. Borrowed Funds

Federal Funds Purchased. There were no federal funds purchased as of December 31, 2009. Federal funds purchased were $52.0 million with a weighted average rate of 0.26% as of December 31, 2008. The table below provides comparative data for federal funds purchased:

 

     2009     2008     2007  
     (Dollars in thousands)  

Average amount outstanding during the year (1)

   $ 8,392      $ 40,128      $ 32,190   

Maximum amount outstanding at month-end (2)

     85,000        81,000        98,000   

Balance, December 31

     —          52,000        41,000   

Rate at year-end

     0.00     0.26     4.00

Weighted-average interest rate for the year

     0.27     2.25     5.01

 

(1) Average balances were computed using daily averages.
(2) Highest month-end balances were April 2009, June 2008, and September 2007.

 

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Table of Contents

CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase were $1.6 billion with a weighted average rate of 4.19% at December 31, 2009, compared to $1.6 billion with a weighted average rate of 3.95% at December 31, 2008. Seventeen floating-to-fixed rate agreements totaling $900.0 million are with initial floating rates for a period of time ranging from six months to one year, with the floating rates ranging from the three-month LIBOR minus 100 basis points to the three-month LIBOR minus 340 basis points. Thereafter, the rates are fixed for the remainder of the term, with interest rates ranging from 4.29% to 5.07%. After the initial floating rate term, the counterparties have the right to terminate the transaction at par at the fixed rate reset date and quarterly thereafter. Thirteen fixed-to-floating rate agreements totaling $650.0 million are with initial fixed rates ranging from 1.00% and 3.50% with initial fixed rate terms ranging from six months to eighteen months. For the remainder of the seven year term, the rates float at 8% minus the three-month LIBOR rate with a maximum rate ranging from 3.25% to 3.75% and minimum rate of 0.0%. After the initial fixed rate term, the counterparties have the right to terminate the transaction at par at the floating rate reset date and quarterly thereafter. At December 31, 2009, there was one short-term securities sold under agreements to repurchase of $7.0 million at the rate of 1.2% which matured on January 4, 2010. The table below provides summary data for long-term securities sold under agreements to repurchase as of December 31, 2009:

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

 

(Dollars in millions)   Fixed-to-floating     Floating-to-fixed     Total  

Callable

   
 
All callable at December 31,
2009
  
  
   
 
All callable at December 31,
2009
  
  
 

Rate type

    Floating Rate        Fixed Rate     

Rate index

    8% minus three month LIBOR       
                 

Maximum rate

    3.75     3.50     3.50     3.25          

Minimum rate

    0.0     0.0     0.0     0.0          

No. of agreements

    3        5        4        1        2        1        10        4        30   

Amount

  $ 150.0      $ 250.0      $ 200.0      $ 50.0      $ 100.0      $ 50.0      $ 550.0      $ 200.0      $ 1,550.0   

Weighted average rate

    3.75     3.50     3.50     3.25     4.77     4.83     4.54     5.00     4.20

Final maturity

    2014        2014        2015        2015        2011        2012        2014        2017     

These transactions are accounted for as collateralized financing transactions and recorded at the amounts at which the securities were sold. The Company may have to provide additional collateral for the repurchase agreements, as necessary. The underlying collateral pledged for the repurchase agreements consists of U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. government agency security debt, and mortgage-backed securities with a fair value of $1.8 billion as of December 31, 2009, and $1.7 billion as of December 31, 2008.

The table below provides comparative data for securities sold under agreements to repurchase:

 

     December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  
     (Dollars in thousands)  

Average amount outstanding during the year (1)

   $ 1,562,447      $ 1,554,023      $ 941,380   

Maximum amount outstanding at month-end (2)

     1,587,000        1,610,000        1,391,025   

Balance, December 31,

     1,557,000        1,610,000        1,391,025   

Rate at year-end

     4.19     3.95     3.57

Weighted average interest rate for the year

     4.17     3.90     3.72

 

(1) Average balances were computed using daily averages.
(2) Highest month-end balances were February 2009, December 2008, and December 2007.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank. Total advances from the FHLB San Francisco decreased $520.0 million to $929.4 million at December 31, 2009, from $1.45 billion at December 31, 2008. Non-puttable advances totaled $229.4 million with a weighted rate of 4.76% and puttable advances totaled $700.0 million with a weighted average rate of 4.42% at December 31, 2009. The FHLB has the right to terminate the puttable transactions at par at each three-month anniversary after the first puttable date. As of December 31, 2009, all puttable FHLB advances were puttable but the FHLB had not exercised its right to terminate any of the puttable transactions.

The following relates to the outstanding advances at December 31, 2009 and 2008:

 

     2009     2008  

Maturity

   Amount
(In thousands)
   Weighted Average
Interest Rate
    Amount
(In thousands)
   Weighted Average
Interest Rate
 

Within 90 days

   $ —      0.00   $ 520,000    0.25

91 days through 365 days

     65,000    3.49     —      —     

1 – 2 years

     164,362    5.27        65,000    3.49   

2 – 4 years

     700,000    4.42        864,362    4.58   
                          
   $ 929,362    4.50   $ 1,449,362    2.98
                          

Other borrowings from a financial institution. At December 31, 2009, other borrowings from a financial institution were $7.2 million with a weighted average rate of 0.57%. Other borrowings of $1.3 million will mature in September 2011 and $5.9 million will mature in the fourth quarter of 2011.

Other Liabilities. On November 23, 2004, the Company entered into an agreement with its Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) pursuant to which the CEO agreed to defer any bonus amounts in excess of $225,000 for the year ended December 31, 2005, until January 1 of the first year following such time as the CEO separates from the Company. Accordingly, an amount equal to $610,000 was deferred in 2004 and was accrued in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. The Company agreed to accrue interest on the deferred portion of the bonus at 7.0% per annum compounded quarterly. The deferred amount will be increased each quarter by the amount of interest computed for that quarter. Beginning on the tenth anniversary of the agreement, the interest rate will equal 275 basis points above the prevailing interest rate on the ten-year Treasury Note. Interest of $58,000 during 2009, $54,000 during 2008, and $51,000 during 2007 was accrued on this deferred bonus. The balance was $866,000 at December 31, 2009, and $808,000 at December 31, 2008.

12. Capital Resources

In September 2009, the Company issued $32.4 million of new common stock consisting of 3,490,000 shares at an average price of $9.28 per share. Net of issuance costs and fees, this issuance added $31.4 million to common stockholders’ equity. On October 13, 2009, the Company issued $81.0 million of new common stock consisting of 8,756,756 shares at an average price of $9.25 per share. Net of issuance costs and fees, this issuance added $76.0 million to common stockholders’ equity. From November 23, 2009, to December 24, 2009, the Company issued $12.6 million of new common stock consisting of 1,623,100 shares at an average price of $7.73 per share. Net of issuance costs and fees, this issuance added $12.0 million to common stockholders’ equity.

The Company has participated in the U.S. Treasury Troubled Asset Relief Program Capital Purchase Program under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008. Upon the approval of participation, the U.S. Treasury purchased the Company’s senior preferred stock on December 5, 2008, in the amount of $258.0 million. The senior preferred stock pays cumulative compounding dividends at a rate of 5% per year for the first five

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

years, and thereafter at a rate of 9% per year. The shares are non-voting, other than class voting rights on matters that could adversely affect the shares. They are callable at par after three years. Prior to the end of three years, the shares may only be redeemed with the proceeds from one or more qualified equity offerings. In conjunction with the purchase of senior preferred shares, the U.S. Treasury received warrants to purchase 1,846,374 shares of common stock at the exercise price of $20.96 with an aggregate market price equal to $38.7 million, 15% of the senior preferred stock amount that U.S. Treasury invested.

On September 29, 2006, the Bank issued $50.0 million in subordinated debt in a private placement transaction. The debt has a maturity term of 10 years, is unsecured and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 110 basis points. As of December 31, 2009, $50.0 million was outstanding with a rate of 1.35% under this note compared to $50.0 million at a rate of 2.56% at December 31, 2008. Interest expense on the subordinated debt was $1.0 million in 2009, $2.3 million in 2008, and $3.3 million in 2007. The subordinated debt was issued through the Bank and qualifies as Tier 2 capital for regulatory reporting purpose and is included as a component of long-term debt in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

The Bancorp established three special purpose trusts in 2003 and two in 2007 for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities to outside investors (Capital Securities). The trusts exist for the purpose of issuing the Capital Securities and investing the proceeds thereof, together with proceeds from the purchase of the common securities of the trusts by the Bancorp, in Junior Subordinated Notes issued by the Bancorp. Subject to some limitations, payment of distributions out of the monies held by the trusts and payments on liquidation of the trusts or the redemption of the Capital Securities are guaranteed by the Bancorp to the extent the trusts have funds on hand at such time. The obligations of the Bancorp under the guarantees and the Junior Subordinated Debentures are subordinate and junior in right of payment to all indebtedness of the Bancorp and will be structurally subordinated to all liabilities and obligations of the Bancorp’s subsidiaries. The Bancorp has the right to defer payments of interest on the Junior Subordinated Notes at any time or from time to time for a period of up to twenty consecutive quarterly periods with respect to each deferral period. Under the terms of the Junior Subordinated Notes, the Bancorp may not, with certain exceptions, declare or pay any dividends or distributions on its capital stock or purchase or acquire any of its capital stock if the Bancorp has deferred payment of interest on the Junior Subordinated Notes.

The five special purpose trusts are considered variable interest entities under FIN 46R. Because the Bancorp is not the primary beneficiary of the trusts, the financial statements of the trusts are not included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

The Junior Subordinated Notes are currently included in the Tier 1 capital of the Bancorp for regulatory capital purposes. On March 1, 2005, the Federal Reserve adopted a final rule that retains trust preferred securities in the Tier I capital of bank holding companies, but with stricter quantitative limits and clearer qualitative standards. Under the rule, after a five-year transition period, the aggregate amount of trust preferred securities and certain other capital elements will be limited to 25% of Tier 1 capital elements, net of goodwill, less any associated deferred tax liability. The amount of trust preferred securities and certain other elements in excess of the limit could be included in Tier 2 capital, subject to restrictions. In the last five years before maturity, the outstanding amount must be excluded from Tier 1 capital and included in Tier 2 capital. Bank holding companies with significant international operations would generally be expected to limit trust preferred securities and certain other capital elements to 15% of Tier 1 capital elements, net of goodwill. This rule is not expected to have a materially adverse effect on the Company’s capital positions.

Interest expense on the Junior Subordinated Notes was $3.8 million for 2009, $6.7 million for 2008, and $8.0 million for 2007.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The table below summarizes the outstanding Junior Subordinated Notes issued by the Company to each trust as of December 31, 2009:

Trust Name

  Issuance
Date
  Principal
Balance of
Notes
  Not
Redeemable
Until
  Stated
Maturity
  Annualized
Coupon
Rate
    Current
Interest
Rate
    Date of Rate
Change
  Payable/
Distribution
Date
    (Dollars in thousands)

Cathay Capital

               

Trust I

  June 26,   $20,619   June 30,   June 30,   3-month      3.40   December 30,   March 30
  2003     2008   2033   LIBOR        2009   June 30
          +3.15       September 30
                December 30

Cathay Statutory

               

Trust I

  September 17,   20,619   September 17,   September 17,   3-month      3.25   December 17,   March 17
  2003     2008   2033   LIBOR        2009   June 17
          +3.00       September 17
                December 17

Cathay Capital

               

Trust II

  December 30,   12,887   March 30,   March 30,   3-month      3.15   December 30,   March 30
  2003     2009   2034   LIBOR        2009   June 30
          +2.90       September 30
                December 30

Cathay Capital

               

Trust III

  March 28,   46,392   June 15,   June 15,   3-month      1.73   December 15,   March 15
  2007     2012   2037   LIBOR        2009   June 15
          +1.48       September 15
                December 15

Cathay Capital

               

Trust IV

  May 31,   20,619   September 6,   September 6,   3-month      1.66   December 7,   March 7
  2007     2012   2037   LIBOR        2009   June 7
          1.40       September 7
                December 7
                 

Total Junior Subordinated Notes

  $121,136            
                 

13. Income Taxes

For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007, the current and deferred amounts of the income tax expense are summarized as follows:

 

     2009     2008     2007  
     (In thousands)  

Current:

      

Federal

   $ (25,226   $ 50,643      $ 62,507   

State

     429        19,762        20,118   
                        
   $ (24,797   $ 70,405      $ 82,625   
                        

Deferred:

      

Federal

     (26,367     (38,741     (8,834

State

     (10,748     (12,110     (2,600
                        
   $ (37,115   $ (50,851   $ (11,434
                        

Total income tax (benefit)/expense

   $ (61,912   $ 19,554      $ 71,191   
                        

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Temporary differences between the amounts reported in the financial statements and the tax basis of assets and liabilities give rise to deferred taxes. Net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2009, and at December 31, 2008, are included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and are as follows:

 

     2009     2008  
     (In thousands)  

Deferred Tax Assets

    

Loan loss allowance, due to differences in computation of bad debts

   $ 93,470      $ 53,735   

Write-down on equity securities

     3,209        16,964   

Stock option compensation expense

     14,932        12,760   

State tax

     2,883        7,111   

Non-accrual interest

     4,055        2,254   

Write-down on other real estate owned

     9,692        1,845   

Unrealized loss on securities available-for-sale, net

     517        —     

Other, net

     3,957        2,600   
                

Gross deferred tax assets

     132,715        97,269   
                

Deferred Tax Liabilities

    

Core deposit intangibles

     (8,677     (11,493

Leveraged lease

     —          (5,130

Investment in aircraft financing trust and venture capital partnerships

     (18,161     (15,472

Unrealized gain on securities available-for-sale, net

     —          (16,924

Dividends on Federal Home Loan Bank common stock

     (5,002     (5,059

Other, net

     (4,613     (4,397
                

Gross deferred tax liabilities

     (36,453     (58,475

Valuation allowance

     (3,037     (339
                

Net deferred tax assets

   $ 93,225      $ 38,455   
                

Amounts for the current year are based upon estimates and assumptions and could vary from amounts shown on the tax returns as filed.

In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent on the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not the Company will realize all benefits related to these deductible temporary differences except for $3.0 million of state deferred taxes for a portion of the capital losses related to the Company’s former investments in the preferred stock of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

As of December 31, 2009, the Company had income tax receivables of approximately $39.2 million, of which $25.8 million relates to carryback of the Company’s net operating loss to the 2007 tax year and the Company’s low income housing tax credits to the 2008 tax year. These income tax receivables are included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Other liabilities included current income taxes payable of $11.3 million as of December 31, 2008.

At December 31, 2009, the Company had federal net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $2.7 million which expire through 2022. The Federal net operating loss carry-forwards were acquired in connection

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

with the Company’s acquisition of United Heritage Bank. Federal and state tax laws related to a change in ownership place limitations on the annual amount of operating loss carryovers that can be utilized to offset post-acquisition operating income based on the value of the acquired bank at the ownership change date.

As previously disclosed, on December 31, 2003, the California Franchise Tax Borard (FTB) announced its intent to list certain transactions that in its view constitute potentially abusive tax shelters. Included in the transactions subject to this listing were transactions utilizing regulated investment companies (RICs) and real estate investment trusts (REITs). While the Company continues to believe that the tax benefits recorded in 2000, 2001, and 2002 with respect to its regulated investment company were appropriate and fully defensible under California law, the Company participated in Option 2 of the Voluntary Compliance Initiative of the FTB, and paid all California taxes and interest on these disputed 2000 through 2002 tax benefits, and at the same time filed a claim for refund for these years while avoiding certain potential penalties. The Company expects to resolve the California tax audits of its 2000 through 2002 tax years without any significant additional accruals. In May 2009, the Company filed amended California tax returns for tax years 2003 through 2007. The Company paid California income tax of $5.4 million and interest of $1.2 million, substantially all of which had previously been recorded as unrecognized tax benefits.

The FASB issued ASC Topic 740, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” which requires that the amount of recognized tax benefit should be the maximum amount which is more-likely-than-not to be realized and that amounts previously recorded that do not meet the requirements of ASC Topic 740 be charged as a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings. As of December 31, 2006, the Company reflected a $12.1 million net state tax receivable related to payments it made in April 2004 under the Voluntary Compliance Initiative program for the years 2000, 2001, and 2002, after giving effect to reserves for loss contingencies on the refund claims. The Company has determined that its refund claim related to its regulated investment company is not more-likely-than-not to be realized and consequently charged a total of $8.5 million, comprised of the $7.9 million after tax amount related to its refund claims as well as a $0.6 million after tax amount related to California net operating losses generated in 2001 as a result of its regulated investment company, to the balance of retained earnings as of the January 1, 2007, effective date of ASC Topic 740.

At the January 1, 2007, adoption date of ASC Topic 740, the total amount of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits was $5.5 million, of which $1.6 million, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. During 2007, upon the expiration of applicable statue of limitations, unrecognized tax benefits of $0.8 million were recognized and recorded as a reduction in goodwill and unrecognized tax benefits of $0.2 million were recognized as a reduction in income tax expense. During 2008, the Company accrued $2.0 million in additional tax expense primarily related to net interest deduction claimed in prior years in its California income tax returns. During 2009, the Company accrued $1.0 million for uncertain tax positions, paid $4.8 million of state taxes previously recorded in unrecognized tax benefits and upon the expiration of applicable statute of limitations, recognized $2.7 million tax benefits thru goodwill reduction, and recognized a $1.5 million Federal impact of state taxes payments. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

 

     2009     2008  
     (In thousands)  

Balance, beginning of year

   $ 7,840      $ 5,444   

Changes based on tax positions related to the current year

     1,037        513   

Change for tax positions in prior years

     —          2,008   

Expiration of statute of limitations

     (2,764     —     

Federal impact of state payments

     1,454        —     

Payments

     (4,844     —     

Reductions for tax positions of prior years

     (130     (125
                

Balance, end of year

   $ 2,593      $ 7,840   
                

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

At January 1, 2007, the adoption date of ASC Topic 740, the total amount of accrued interest and penalties was $1.7 million. In February 2008, the Company withdrew, with the agreement of the California FTB, a claim related to GBC Bancorp’s 2001 California tax return and reversed $0.5 million of accrued penalties with a corresponding decrease in goodwill. For the year ended December 31, 2009, upon the expiration of the statute of limitations, the Company reversed $1.1 million of interest and penalties and credited $0.6 million to income tax expense and $0.5 million to goodwill. During 2009, the Company also paid $0.7 million of accrued interest, net of applicable Federal tax benefit and accrued interest of $0.1 million. The Company had accrued interest and penalties of $0.2 million at December 31, 2009, and $1.9 million at December 31, 2008.

The Company’s tax returns are open for audits by the Internal Revenue Service back to 2006 and by the FTB of the State of California back to 2000. The Company is currently under audit by the California FTB for the years 2000 to 2004. During the second quarter of 2007, the Internal Revenue Service completed an examination of the Company’s 2004 and 2005 tax returns and did not propose any adjustments deemed to be material. As the Company is presently under audit by a number of tax authorities, it is reasonably possible that unrecognized tax benefits could change significantly over the next twelve months. The Company does not expect that any such changes would have a material impact on its annual effective tax rate.

Income tax expense results in effective tax rates that differ from the statutory Federal income tax rate for the years indicated as follows:

 

     2009     2008     2007  
     (In thousands)  

Tax provision at Federal statutory rate

   $ (45,042   35.0   $ 24,737      35.0   $ 69,042      35.0

State income taxes, net of Federal income tax benefit

     (6,175   4.8        4,634      6.6        11,374      5.8   

Interest on obligations of state and political subdivisions, which are exempt from Federal taxation

     (267   0.2        (427   (0.6     (695   (0.4

Low income housing tax credit

     (10,575   8.2        (9,535   (13.5     (8,017   (4.1

Other, net

     147      (0.1     145      0.2        (513   (0.2
                                          

Total income tax (benefit)/expense

   $ (61,912   48.1   $ 19,554      27.7   $ 71,191      36.1
                                          

14. Stockholders’ Equity and Earnings per Share

As a bank holding company, the Bancorp’s ability to pay dividends will depend upon the dividends it receives from the Bank and on the income it may generate from any other activities in which it may engage, either directly or through other subsidiaries.

Under California banking law, the Bank may not, without regulatory approval, pay a cash dividend that exceeds the lesser of the Bank’s retained earnings or its net income for the last three fiscal years, less any cash distributions made during that period. The amount of retained earnings available for cash dividends to the Bancorp immediately after December 31, 2009, is restricted to approximately $39.4 million under this regulation.

During 2003, the Bank formed Cathay Real Estate Investment Trust (“Trust”) to provide the Bank flexibility in raising capital. In 2003 and 2004, the Trust sold to accredited investors $8.6 million of its 7.0% Series A Non-Cumulative preferred stock which pays dividends, if declared, at the end of each quarter. This preferred stock qualifies as Tier 1 capital under current regulatory guidelines. Dividends of $611,000 in 2009, dividends of $603,000 in 2008, and dividends of $602,000 in 2007 were paid. For the years ended and as of December 31, 2009, December 31, 2008, and December 31, 2007, the net income and assets of the Trust were eliminated in consolidation.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The Board of Directors of the Bancorp is authorized to issue preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the voting powers, designations, preferences or other rights of the shares of each such class or series and the qualifications, limitations, and restrictions thereon. Any preferred stock issued by the Bancorp may rank prior to the Bancorp common stock as to dividend rights, liquidation preferences, or both, may have full or limited voting rights, and may be convertible into shares of the Bancorp common stock.

On November 16, 2000, the Bancorp’s Board of Directors adopted a Rights Agreement between the Bancorp and American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, as Rights Agent, and declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right for each outstanding share of the Bancorp common stock. The dividend was payable on January 19, 2001, to stockholders of record at the close of business on the record date, December 20, 2000. Each preferred share purchase right entitles the registered holder to purchase from the Bancorp one one-thousandth of a share of the Bancorp’s Series A junior participating preferred stock at a price of $200, subject to adjustment. In general, the rights become exercisable if, after December 20, 2000, a person or group acquires 15% or more of the Bancorp’s common stock or announces a tender offer for 15% or more of the common stock. The Board of Directors is entitled to redeem the rights at one cent per right at any time before any such person acquires 15% or more of the outstanding common stock. The rights will expire in ten years. The complete terms and conditions of the rights are contained in the Rights Agreement, between the Bancorp and the Rights Agent, which was filed as an exhibit to the Bancorp’s Form 8-A on December 20, 2000. The Rights Agreement is a successor to the Bancorp’s prior rights agreement, which expired at the close of business on December 20, 2000.

Pursuant to the U.S. Treasury Troubled Asset Relief Program Capital Purchase Program under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, on December 5, 2008, the U.S. Treasury purchased 258,000 shares of the Company’s Series B preferred stock in the amount of $258.0 million. The Series B preferred stock pays cumulative compounding dividends at a rate of 5% per year for the first five years, and thereafter at a rate of 9% per year. In conjunction with the purchase of senior preferred shares, the U.S. Treasury received warrants to purchase 1,846,374 shares of common stock at the exercise price of $20.96 per share with an aggregate market price equal to $38.7 million, or 15%, of the senior preferred stock amount that the U.S. Treasury invested. The exercise price of $20.96 on warrants was calculated based on the average of closing prices of the Company’s common stock on the 20 trading days ending on the last trading day prior to November 17, 2008, the date that the Company received the preliminary approval of the purchase from the U.S. Treasury.

The following is the reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted earnings per share computations for the years as indicated:

 

    Year Ended December 31,
    2009     2008   2007
    Income
(Numerator)
    Shares
(Denominator)
  Per
Share
Amount
    Income
(Numerator)
    Shares
(Denominator)
  Per
Share
Amount
  Income
(Numerator)
  Shares
(Denominator)
  Per
Share
Amount
    (In thousands, except shares and per share data)

Net (loss)/income

  $ (67,390       $ 50,521          $ 125,469    

Dividends on preferred stock

    (16,338         (1,140         —      
                                 

Basic EPS (loss)/income

  $ (83,728   52,629,159   $ (1.59   $ 49,381      49,414,824   $ 1.00   $ 125,469   50,418,303   $ 2.49

Effect of dilutive stock options

    —         114,969       557,146  
                                           

Diluted EPS (loss)/income

  $ (83,728   52,629,159   $ (1.59   $ 49,381      49,529,793   $ 1.00   $ 125,469   50,975,449   $ 2.46
                                                     

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

All options to purchase an additional 5.2 million shares, restricted stock units to purchase an additional 61,000 shares, and warrants to purchase an additional 1.8 million shares at December 31, 2009, were excluded from computation of diluted per-share amounts due to the net loss from operations for 2009. Options to purchase an additional 4.5 million shares and warrants to purchase an additional 883,000 shares at December 31, 2008, and options to purchase an additional 2.0 million shares at December 31, 2007, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

15. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation. The Company is involved in various litigation concerning transactions entered into during the normal course of business. Management, after consultation with legal counsel, does not believe that the resolution of such litigation will have a material effect upon its consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity taken as a whole.

Lending. In the normal course of business, the Company becomes a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit in the form of loans or through commercial or standby letters of credit and financial guarantees. Those instruments represent varying degrees of exposure to risk in excess of the amounts included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The contractual or notional amount of these instruments indicates a level of activity associated with a particular class of financial instrument and is not a reflection of the level of expected losses, if any.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. Unless noted otherwise, the Company does not require collateral or other security to support financial instruments with credit risk.

Financial instruments whose contract amounts represent the amount of credit risk include the following:

 

     2009    2008
     (In thousands)

Commitments to extend credit

   $ 1,591,019    $ 2,047,985

Standby letters of credit

     61,488      79,423

Commercial letters of credit

     49,257      66,220

Bill of lading guarantees

     300      493
             

Total

   $ 1,702,064    $ 2,194,121
             

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer provided there is no violation of any condition established in the commitment agreement. These commitments generally have fixed expiration dates and are expected to expire without being drawn upon. The total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit is based on management’s credit evaluation of the borrowers.

As of December 31, 2009, the Company does not have fixed-rate or variable-rate commitments with characteristics similar to options, which provide the holder, for a premium paid at inception to the Company, the benefits of favorable movements in the price of an underlying asset or index with limited or no exposure to losses from unfavorable price movements.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

As of December 31, 2009, commitments to extend credit of $1.6 billion include commitments to fund fixed rate loans of $83.2 million and adjustable rate loans of $1.5 billion.

Commercial letters of credit and bill of lading guarantees are issued to facilitate domestic and foreign trade transactions while standby letters of credit are issued to make payments on behalf of customers if certain specified future events occur. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit and bill of lading guarantees is essentially the same as that involved in making loans to customers.

Leases. The Company is obligated under a number of operating leases for premises and equipment with terms ranging from one to 50 years, many of which provide for periodic adjustment of rentals based on changes in various economic indicators. Rental expense was $6.9 million for 2009, $7.8 million for 2008, and $7.6 million for 2007. The following table shows future minimum payments under operating leases with terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2009.

 

Year Ending December 31,

   Commitments
     (In thousands)

2010

   $ 5,795

2011

     4,867

2012

     4,181

2013

     3,423

2014

     2,278

Thereafter

     1,517
      

Total minimum lease payments

   $ 22,061
      

Rental income was $0.3 million for 2009, $0.5 million for 2008, and $0.9 million for 2007. The following table shows future rental payments to be received under operating leases with terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2009:

 

Year Ending December 31,

   Commitments
     (In thousands)

2010

   $ 121

2011

     88

2012

     91

2013

     93

2014

     45

Thereafter

     —  
      

Total minimum lease payments to be received

   $ 438
      

16. Financial Derivatives

It is the policy of the Company not to speculate on the future direction of interest rates. However, the Company enters into financial derivatives in order to seek mitigation of exposure to interest rate risks related to its interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Management believes that these transactions, when properly structured and managed, may provide a hedge against inherent interest rate risk in the Company’s assets or liabilities and against risk in specific transactions. In such instances, the Company may protect its position through the purchase or sale of interest rate futures contracts for a specific cash or interest rate risk position. Other hedge transactions may be implemented using interest rate swaps, interest rate caps, floors, financial futures, forward rate agreements, and options on futures or bonds. Prior to considering any hedging activities, we seek to analyze the costs and benefits of the hedge in comparison to other viable alternative strategies. All hedges will require an assessment of basis risk and must be approved by the Bank’s Investment Committee.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The Company follows ASC Topic 815 which established accounting and reporting standards for financial derivatives, including certain financial derivatives embedded in other contracts, and hedging activities. It requires the recognition of all financial derivatives as assets or liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and measurement of those financial derivatives at fair value. The accounting treatment of changes in fair value is dependent upon whether or not a financial derivative is designated as a hedge and if so, the type of hedge.

As of December 31, 2009, we had five interest rate swap agreements outstanding with two major financial institutions in the notional amount of $300.0 million for a period of three years. These interest rate swaps were not structured to hedge against inherent interest rate risks related to our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. At December 31, 2009, the Company paid fixed rate at weighted average rate of 1.95% and received floating 3-month Libor rate at weighted average rate of 0.26%. The net amount accrued on these interest rate swaps of $2.4 million for 2009 was recorded to reduce other non-interest income. At December 31, 2009, the Company recorded $694,000 within other liabilities to recognize the negative fair value of these interest rate swaps.

The Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign currency option contracts with various counterparties to mitigate the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, for foreign currency certificates of deposit, foreign exchange contracts or foreign currency option contracts entered into with its clients. These contracts are not designated as hedging instruments and are recorded at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of these contracts as well as the related foreign currency certificates of deposit, foreign exchange contracts or foreign currency option contracts are recognized immediately in operations as a component of non-interest income. Period end gross positive fair values are recorded in other assets and gross negative fair values are recorded in other liabilities. At December 31, 2009, the notional amount of option contracts totaled $4.7 million with a net positive fair value of $10,000. Spot and forward contracts in the total notional amount of $60.7 million had positive fair value, in the amount of $3.6 million, at December 31, 2009. Spot and forward contracts in the total notional amount of $60.8 million had a negative fair value, in the amount of $967,000, at December 31, 2009. At December 31, 2008, the notional amount of option contracts totaled $2.4 million with a net positive fair value of $5,000. At December 31, 2008, spot and forward contracts in the total notional amount of $35.4 million had a positive fair value, in the amount of $1.1 million. At December 31, 2008, spot and forward contracts in the total notional amount of $74.1 million had a negative fair value, in the amount of $9.2 million.

17. Fair Value Measurements

The Company adopted ASC Topic 820 on January 1, 2008, and determined the fair values of our financial instruments based on the following:

 

   

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

   

Level 2 — Observable prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; directly observable market inputs for substantially the full term of the asset and liability; market inputs that are not directly observable but are derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

 

   

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs based on the Company’s own judgments about the assumptions that a market participant would use.

The Company uses the following methodologies to measure the fair value of its financial assets on a recurring basis:

Securities Available for Sale. For certain actively traded agency preferred stocks and U.S. Treasury securities, the Company measures the fair value based on quoted market prices in active exchange markets at the reporting date, a Level 1 measurement. The Company also measures securities by using quoted market prices

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

for similar securities or dealer quotes, a Level 2 measurement. This category generally includes U.S. Government agency securities, state and municipal securities, mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), commercial MBS, collateralized mortgage obligations, asset-backed securities and corporate bonds.

Trading Securities. The Company measures the fair value of trading securities based on quoted market prices in active exchange markets at the reporting date, a Level 1 measurement.

Impaired Loans. The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, nonrecurring fair value adjustments to collateral dependent impaired loans are recorded based on either the current appraised value of the collateral, a Level 2 measurement, or management’s judgment and estimation of value reported on old appraisals which are then adjusted based on recent market trends, a Level 3 measurement.

Warrants. The Company measures the fair value of warrants based on unobservable inputs based on assumption and management judgment, a Level 3 measurement.

Currency Option Contracts and Foreign Exchange Contracts. The Company measures the fair value of currency option and foreign exchange contracts based on dealer quotes on a recurring basis, a Level 2 measurement.

Interest Rate Swaps. Fair value of interest rate swaps was derived from observable market prices for similar assets on a recurring basis, a level 2 measurement.

The valuation techniques for the assets and liabilities valued on a nonrecurring basis are as follows:

Loans Held for Investment. The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, nonrecurring fair value adjustments to collateral dependent impaired loans are recorded based on either current appraised value of the collateral, a Level 2 measurement, or management’s judgment and estimation of value reported on old appraisals which are then adjusted based on recent market trends, a Level 3 measurement.

Loans Held-for-sale. The Company records loans held-for-sale at fair value based on quoted prices from third party sale analysis, existing sale agreement or appraisal report adjusted by sales commission assumption, a Level 3 measurement.

Goodwill. The Company completes “step one” of the impairment test by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit (as determined based on the discussion below) with the recorded book value (or “carrying amount”) of its net assets, with goodwill included in the computation of the carrying amount. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of that reporting unit is not considered impaired, and “step two” of the impairment test is not necessary. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, step two of the impairment test is performed to determine the amount of impairment. Step two of the impairment test compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill to the “implied fair value” of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is computed by assuming all assets and liabilities of the reporting unit would be adjusted to the current fair value, with the offset as an adjustment to goodwill. This adjusted goodwill balance is the implied fair value used in step two. An impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. In connection with obtaining the independent valuation, management provided certain data and information that was utilized by the third party in its determination of fair value, including earnings forecast at the reporting unit level for the next four years. Other key assumptions include terminal values based on future growth rates and discount rates for valuing the cash flows, which have inputs for the risk-free rate, market risk premium and adjustments to reflect inherent risk and required market returns. Because of the significance of unobservable inputs in the valuation of goodwill impairment, goodwill subjected to nonrecurring fair value adjustments is classified as Level 3.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Core Deposit Intangibles. Core deposit intangibles is initially recorded at fair value based on a valuation of the core deposits acquired and is amortized over its estimated useful life to its residual value in proportion to the economic benefits consumed. The Company assesses the recoverability of this intangible asset on a nonrecurring basis using the core deposits remaining at the assessment date and the fair value of cash flows expected to be generated from the core deposits.

Other Real Estate Owned. Real estate acquired in the settlement of loans is initially recorded at fair value, less estimated costs to sell. The Company records other real estate owned at fair value on a non-recurring basis. However, from time to time, nonrecurring fair value adjustments to other real estate owned are recorded based on the current appraised value of the property, a Level 2 measurement, or management’s judgment and estimation based on the reported appraisal value, a Level 3 measurement.

Investments in Venture Capital. The Company periodically reviews for OTTI on a nonrecurring basis. Investments in venture capital were written down to their fair value based on available financial reports from venture capital partnerships and management’s judgment and estimation, a Level 3 measurement.

Equity Investments. The Company records equity investments at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. However, from time to time, nonrecurring fair value adjustments to equity investments are recorded based on quoted market prices in active exchange market at the reporting date, a Level 1 measurement.

The following table presents the Company’s hierarchy for its assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2009:

 

     Fair Value Measurements Using    Total at
Fair Value
     Level 1    Level 2    Level 3   
     (In thousands)

Assets

           

Securities available-for-sale

           

U.S. Treasury entities

   $ 13,748    $ —      $ —      $ 13,748

U.S. government sponsored entities

     —        871,344      —        871,344

State and municipal securities

     —        12,823      —        12,823

Mortgage-backed securities

     —        1,942,176      —        1,942,176

Collateralized mortgage obligations

     —        47,789      —        47,789

Asset-backed securities

     —        249      —        249

Corporate bonds

     —        9,757      —        9,757

Preferred stock of government sponsored entities

     —        1,272      —        1,272

Other foreign securities

     —        14,891      —        14,891

Other equity securities

     1,050      —        —        1,050
                           

Total securities available-for-sale

     14,798      2,900,301      —        2,915,099

Trading securities

     18      —        —        18

Warrants

     —        —        50      50

Option contracts

     —        18      —        18

Foreign exchange contracts

     —        3,565      —        3,565
                           

Total assets

   $ 14,816    $ 2,903,884    $ 50    $ 2,918,750
                           

Liabilities

           

Interest rate swaps

   $ —      $ 694    $ —      $ 694

Option contracts

     —        8      —        8

Foreign exchange contracts

     —        967      —        967
                           

Total liabilities

   $ —      $ 1,669    $ —      $ 1,669
                           

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

For financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that were still reflected in the balance sheet at December 31, 2009, the following table provides the level of valuation assumptions used to determine each adjustment and the carrying value of the related individual assets at December 31, 2009:

 

    As of December 31, 2009   Total Losses
    Fair Value Measurements
Using
  Total at   For the Twelve Months Ended
    Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Fair Value   December 31, 2009   December 31, 2008
    (In thousands)

Assets

           

Impaired loans

  $ —     $ 109,993   $ 26,401   $ 136,394   $ 91,009   $ 27,215

Loans held-for-sale

    —       —       54,826     54,826     19,252     —  

Other real estate owned (1)

    —       62,602     13,206     75,808     28,216     3,604

Investments in venture capital

    —       —       8,147     8,147     1,794     11

Equity investments

    826     —       —       826     —       1,042
                                   

Total assets

  $ 826   $ 172,595   $ 102,580   $ 276,001   $ 140,271   $ 31,872
                                   

 

(1) Other real estate owned balance of $71.0 million in the consolidated balance sheet is net of estimated disposal costs.

The Company measured the fair value of its warrants on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs. The fair value of warrants was $50,000 at December 31, 2009, compared to $122,000 at December 31, 2008. The fair value adjustment of $72,000 was included in other operating income in 2009.

18. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. For cash and cash equivalents, the carrying amount was assumed to be a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Short-term Investments. For short-term investments, the carrying amount was assumed to be a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell The fair value of the agreements to resell is based on dealer quotes.

Securities. For securities including securities held-to-maturity, available-for-sale and for trading, fair values were based on quoted market prices at the reporting date. If a quoted market price was not available, fair value was estimated using quoted market prices for similar securities or dealer quotes.

Loans Held-for-sale. The Company records loans held-for-sale at fair value based on quoted price from third party sources, or appraisal reports adjusted by sales commission assumption.

Loans. Fair values were estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Each loan category was further segmented into fixed and adjustable rate interest terms and by performing and non-performing categories.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The fair value of performing loans was calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect the credit and interest rate risk inherent in the loan.

The fair value of impaired loans was calculated based on the market price of the most recent sale or quoted price from loans-held-for-sale.

Deposit Liabilities. The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts, and certain money market deposits was assumed to be the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit was estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities.

Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase. The fair value of repurchase agreements is based on dealer quotes.

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank. The fair value of the advances is based on quotes from the FHLB to settle the advances.

Other Borrowings. This category includes federal funds purchased, revolving line of credit, and other short-term borrowings. The fair value of other borrowings is based on current market rates for borrowings with similar remaining maturities.

Long-term debt. The fair value of long-term debt is estimated based on the current spreads to LIBOR for long-term debt.

Currency Option Contracts and Foreign Exchange Contracts. The Company measures the fair value of currency option and foreign exchange contracts based on dealer quotes.

Interest Rate Swaps. Fair value of interest rate swaps was derived from observable market prices for similar assets.

Off-Balance-Sheet Financial Instruments. The fair value of commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, and financial guarantees written were estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counter parties. The fair value of guarantees and letters of credit was based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate them or otherwise settle the obligations with the counter parties at the reporting date.

Fair value was estimated in accordance with ASC Topic 825, formerly SFAS 107. Fair value estimates were made at specific points in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Bank’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Bank’s financial instruments, fair value estimates were based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates were subjective in nature and involved uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

     As of December 31, 2009     As of December 31, 2008  
     Carrying
Amount
   Fair Value     Carrying
Amount
   Fair Value  
     (In thousands)  

Financial Assets

          

Cash and due from banks

   $ 100,124    $ 100,124      $ 84,818    $ 84,818   

Short-term investments

     254,726      254,726        25,000      25,000   

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

     —        —          201,000      198,435   

Securities held-to-maturity

     635,015      628,908        —        —     

Securities available-for-sale

     2,915,099      2,915,099        3,083,817      3,083,817   

Trading securities

     18      18        12      12   

Loans held-for-sale

     54,826      54,826        —        —     

Loans, net

     6,678,914      6,528,170        7,340,181      7,348,316   

Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock

     71,791      71,791        71,791      71,791   

Option contracts

     4,671      18        2,439      5   

Foreign exchange contracts

     60,725      3,565        15,991      1,122   

Financial Liabilities

          

Deposits

     7,505,040      7,520,604        6,836,736      6,861,412   

Federal funds purchased

     —        —          52,000      52,000   

Securities sold under agreement to repurchase

     1,557,000      1,695,130        1,610,000      1,785,725   

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank

     929,362      993,243        1,449,362      1,523,718   

Other borrowings

     26,532      26,410        19,500      19,500   

Long-term debt

     171,136      92,553        171,136      91,496   

Option contracts

     8      8        —        —     

Interest rate swaps

     300,000      694        —        —     

Foreign exchange contracts

     60,846      967        103,187      9,235   
     As of December 31, 2009     As of December 31, 2008  
     Notional
Amount
   Fair Value     Notional
Amount
   Fair Value  
     (In thousands)  

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

          

Commitments to extend credit

   $ 1,591,019    $ (621   $ 2,047,985    $ (3,089

Standby letters of credit

     61,488      (200     79,423      (417

Other letters of credit

     49,257      (22     66,220      (38

Bill of lading guarantees

     300      (1     493      (2

19. Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Stock Ownership Plan. Under the Company’s Amended and Restated Cathay Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”), the Company can make annual contributions to a trust in the form of either cash or common stock of the Bancorp for the benefit of eligible employees. Employees are eligible to participate in the ESOP after completing two years of service for salaried full-time employees or 1,000 hours for each of two consecutive years for salaried part-time employees. The amount of the annual contribution is discretionary except that it must be sufficient to enable the trust to meet its current obligations. The Company also pays for the administration of this plan and of the trust. The Company has not made contributions to the trust since 2004 and does not expect to make any contributions in the future. Effective June 17, 2004, the ESOP was amended to provide the participants the election either to reinvest the dividends on the Company stock allocated to their accounts or to have these dividends distributed to the participant. The ESOP trust purchased 22,515 shares in

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

2009, 36,428 shares in 2008, and 20,594 shares in 2007, of the Bancorp’s common stock at an aggregate cost of $0.3 million in 2009, $0.6 million in 2008 and $0.6 million in 2007. All purchases from 2007 to 2009 were through the Dividend Reinvestment Plan. The distribution of benefits to participants totaled 89,968 shares in 2009, 55,235 shares in 2008, and 197,231 shares in 2007. As of December 31, 2009, the ESOP owned 1,548,442 shares, or 2.4%, of the Company’s outstanding common stock.

401(k) Plan. In 1997, the Board approved the Company’s 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan, which began on March 1, 1997. Salaried employees who have completed three months of service and have attained the age of 21 are eligible to participate. Enrollment dates are on January 1st, April 1st, July 1st, and October 1st of each year. Participants may contribute up to 75% of their eligible compensation for the year but not to exceed the dollar limit set by the Internal Revenue Code. Participants may change their contribution election on the enrollment dates. Prior to April 1, 2009, the Company matched 100% on the first 5% of eligible compensation contributed per pay period by the participant, after one year of service. The vesting schedule for the matching contribution is 0% for less than two years of service, 25% after two years of service and from then on, at an increment of 25% each year until 100% is vested after five years of service. In February 2009, the Board revised and reduced the contribution match for the Company’s 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan. Effective on April 1, 2009, the Company matches 100% on the first 2.5% of eligible compensation contributed per pay period by the participant, after one year of service. The Company’s contribution amounted to $1.1 million in 2009, $1.8 million in 2008, and $1.6 million in 2007. The Plan allows participants to withdraw all or part of their vested amount in the Plan due to certain financial hardship as set forth in the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury Regulations. Participants may also borrow up to 50% of the vested amount, with a maximum of $50,000. The minimum loan amount is $1,000.

20. Equity Incentive Plans

In 1998, the Board adopted the Cathay Bancorp, Inc. Equity Incentive Plan. Under the Equity Incentive Plan, as amended in September, 2003, directors and eligible employees may be granted incentive or non-statutory stock options and/or restricted stock units, or awarded non-vested stock, for up to 7,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock on a split adjusted basis. In May 2005, the stockholders of the Company approved the 2005 Incentive Plan which provides that 3,131,854 shares of the Company’s common stock may be granted as incentive or non-statutory stock options, or as restricted stock, or as restricted stock units. In conjunction with the approval of the 2005 Incentive Plan, the Bancorp agreed to cease granting awards under the Equity Incentive Plan. As of December 31, 2009, the only options granted by the Company under the 2005 Incentive Plan were non-statutory stock options to selected bank officers and non-employee directors at exercise prices equal to the fair market value of a share of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Such options have a maximum ten-year term and vest in 20% annual increments (subject to early termination in certain events) except options granted to the Chief Executive Officer of the Company for 100,000 shares granted on February 21, 2008, of which 50% were vested on February 21, 2009, and the remaining 50% were vested on February 21, 2010. If such options expire or terminate without having been exercised, any shares not purchased will again be available for future grants or awards. Stock options are typically granted in the first quarter of the year. There were no options granted in 2009. On February 21, 2008, the Company granted options to purchase 689,200 shares and restricted stock units covering 82,291 shares to selected bank officers and non-employee directors. The Company expects to issue new shares to satisfy stock option exercises and the vesting of restricted stock units.

Cash received from exercises of stock options totaled $13,000 for 1,280 shares in 2009 and $373,000 for 20,906 shares in 2008. The fair value of stock options vested in 2009 was $5.7 million compared to $7.3 million in 2008. Aggregate intrinsic value for options exercised was $8,000 in 2009 and $136,000 in 2008.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

A summary of stock option activity for 2009, 2008, and 2007 follows:

 

     Shares     Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
   Weighted-Average
Remaining Contractual
Life (in years)
   Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value (in thousands)

Balance, December 31, 2006

   4,783,027      $ 28.09    7.0    $ 34,011
                  

Granted

   —          —        

Exercised

   (136,348     16.34      

Forfeited

   (72,399     33.43      
                  

Balance, December 31, 2007

   4,574,280      $ 28.36    6.1    $ 24,487
                  

Granted

   689,200        23.37      

Exercised

   (20,906     17.80      

Forfeited

   (36,200     31.97      
                  

Balance, December 31, 2008

   5,206,374      $ 27.72    5.6    $ 6,220
                  

Granted

   —          —        

Exercised

   (1,280     10.63      

Forfeited

   (35,441     29.58      
                  

Balance, December 31, 2009

   5,169,653      $ 27.71    4.6    $ —  
                  

Exercisable, December 31, 2009

   4,235,825      $ 27.35    4.0    $ —  
                  

At December 31, 2009, 1,610,915 shares were available under the 2005 Incentive Plan for future grants. The following table shows stock options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2009, the corresponding exercise prices, and the weighted-average contractual life remaining:

 

    

Outstanding

Exercise Price

 

Shares

 

Weighted-Average
Remaining Contractual Life
(in Years)

 

Exercisable Shares

$10.63

  91,556   0.1   91,556

  11.06

  10,240   0.0   10,240

  11.34

  10,240   3.0   10,240

  15.05

  129,328   1.1   129,328

  16.28

  154,376   2.1   154,376

  17.29

  10,240   2.0   10,240

  19.93

  336,164   3.1   336,164

  21.09

  10,240   1.0   10,240

  22.01

  406,674   1.1   406,674

  23.37

  680,545   8.2   166,109

  24.80

  884,056   3.9   884,056

  28.70

  514,000   4.1   514,000

  32.26

  40,000   4.5   40,000

  32.47

  245,060   5.2   245,060

  33.54

  264,694   5.4   264,694

  37.00

  637,520   5.1   510,016

  38.38

  15,000   4.8   15,000

  36.90

  303,490   6.1   182,094

  36.24

  414,230   6.1   248,538

  38.26

  12,000   6.3   7,200
         
  5,169,653   4.6   4,235,825
         

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

On January 16, 2003, Dunson K. Cheng, Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, was granted an option to purchase 153,060 shares and on November 20, 2003, was granted an option to purchase 638,670 shares of the Company’s common stock under the Company’s Equity Incentive Plan. In March 2005, the Company determined that these grants, in combination, exceeded by 391,730 shares a limitation in the Equity Incentive Plan as to the number of shares that could be subject to awards made to any one participant in any calendar year.

Effective March 22, 2005, Mr. Cheng agreed to cancel the options as to the 391,730 excess shares, and to waive all rights that he has to purchase such excess shares upon exercise of the option. Also, on March 22, 2005, the Executive Compensation Committee approved granting to Mr. Cheng an option to purchase a total of 245,060 shares of common stock of the Company at an exercise price equal to the closing market price of the common stock on the NASDAQ National Market on that date, of which 30% vested immediately, 10% vested on November 20, 2005, and an additional 20% vested on November 20, 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively. On May 12, 2005, the Executive Compensation Committee approved granting Mr. Cheng an option under the 2005 Incentive Plan to purchase a total of 264,694 shares of common stock of the Company at an exercise price equal to the closing market price of the common stock on the NASDAQ National Market on that date of which 40% vested on November 20, 2005, and an additional 20% vested on November 20, 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively.

On February 21, 2008, the Company granted Mr. Cheng an option to purchase 100,000 shares, of which 50% vested on February 21, 2009, and the remaining 50% vested on February 21, 2010.

In addition to stock options above, in February 2008, the Company also granted restricted stock units on 82,291 shares of the Company’s common stock to its eligible employees. On the date of granting of these restricted stock units, the closing price of the Company’s common stock was $23.37 per share. Such restricted stock units have a maximum term of five years and vest in approximately 20% annual increments subject to continued employment with the Company. On February 21, 2009, restricted stock units of 15,828 shares were vested at the closing price of $8.94 per share. Among the 15,828 restricted stock units, 2,865 shares were cancelled immediately for employees who elected to satisfy income tax withholding amounts through cancellation of shares and 12,963 were issued on February 21, 2009. On February 21, 2010, additional restricted stock units of 15,006 shares were vested and issued at the closing price of $9.64 per share. The following table presents information relating to the restricted stock unit grant as of December 31, 2009:

 

     Units  

Balance at December 31, 2007

   —     

Granted

   82,291   

Cancelled or forfeited

   (2,754
      

Balance at December 31, 2008

   79,537   
      

Vested

   (12,963

Cancelled or forfeited

   (6,553
      

Balance at December 31, 2009

   60,021   
      

The compensation expense recorded related to the restricted stock units above was $327,000 in 2009 and $272,000 in 2008. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock units was $1.0 million at December 31, 2009, and is expected to be recognized over the next 3.1 years.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The following table summarizes the tax benefit from options exercised:

 

     2009     2008     2007
     (In thousands)

(Short-fall)/benefit of tax deductions in excess of grant-date fair value

   $ (196   $ (247   $ 791

Benefit of tax deductions on grant-date fair value

     198        304        103
                      

Total benefit of tax deductions

   $ 2      $ 57      $ 894
                      

21. Condensed Financial Information of Cathay General Bancorp

The condensed financial information of the Bancorp as of December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2008, and for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008, and 2007 is as follows:

Balance Sheets

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008  
    

(In thousands, except

share and per share data)

 

Assets

    

Cash

   $ 448      $ 260   

Short-term certificates of deposit

     24,500        39,300   

Investment in bank subsidiaries

     1,386,729        1,363,387   

Investment in non-bank subsidiaries

     2,932        3,158   

Other assets

     12,944        11,034   
                

Total assets

   $ 1,427,553      $ 1,417,139   
                

Liabilities

    

Junior subordinated debt

   $ 121,136      $ 121,136   

Other liabilities

     2,173        3,116   
                

Total liabilities

     123,309        124,252   
                

Commitments and contigencies

     —          —     

Stockholders’ equity

    

Preferred stock, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 258,000 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2008

     243,967        240,554   

Common stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 67,667,155 issued and 63,459,590 outstanding at December 31, 2009 and 53,715,815 issued and 49,508,250 outstanding at December 31, 2008

     677        537   

Additional paid-in-capital

     634,623        508,613   

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net

     (875     23,327   

Retained earnings

     551,588        645,592   

Treasury stock, at cost (4,207,565 shares at December 31, 2009 and at December 31, 2008)

     (125,736     (125,736
                

Total stockholders’ equity

     1,304,244        1,292,887   
                

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 1,427,553      $ 1,417,139   
                

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Statements of Operations

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  
     (In thousands)  

Cash dividends from Cathay Bank

   $ —        $ 26,727      $ 58,500   

Cash dividends from GBC Venture Capital

     —          —          1,400   

Interest income

     29        26        76   

Interest expense

     3,817        6,746        8,166   

Non-interest income

     (1,659     (1,003     (1,024

Non-interest expense

     3,581        937        1,134   
                        

(Loss)/income before income tax benefit

     (9,028     18,067        49,652   

Income tax benefit

     (3,796     (3,641     (4,309
                        

(Loss)/income before undistributed earnings of subsidiaries

     (5,232     21,708        53,961   

Undistributed (loss)/earnings of subsidiaries

     (62,158     28,813        71,508   
                        

Net (loss)/income

   $ (67,390   $ 50,521      $ 125,469   
                        

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Statements of Cash Flows

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2009     2008     2007  
     (In thousands)  

Cash flows from Operating Activities

      

Net (loss)/income

   $ (67,390   $ 50,521      $ 125,469   

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

      

Equity in undistributed loss/(earnings) of subsidiaries

     62,158        (28,813     (71,509

(Decrease)/Increase in accrued expense

     (80     29        60   

Write-downs on venture capital and other investments

     2,246        1,356        933   

Loss in fair value of warrants

     41        21        78   

Excess tax short-fall/(benefits) from stock options

     196        247        (791

Increase in other assets

     (332     (1,169     (536

(Decrease)/increase in other liabilities

     (1,773     (5,179     6,861   
                        

Net cash provided by operating activities

     (4,934     17,013        60,565   
                        

Cash flows from Investment Activities

      

Additional investment in subsidiary

     (103,874     (219,300     —     

(Decrease)/increase in short-term investment

     14,800        (39,300     —     

Increase in available-for-sale securities

     (2,846     —          —     

Exercise of warrants to acquire common stock

     —          (62     —     

Proceeds from sale of common stock acquired from exercise of warrants

     —          16        —     

Equity investment

     (897     —          —     

Acquisitions, net of cash acquired

     —          —          (9,709
                        

Net cash used in investment activities

     (92,817     (258,646     (9,709
                        

Cash flows from Financing Activities

      

Repayment of short term borrowing

     —          —          (10,000

Issuance of Series B Preferred Stock

     (25     240,554        —     

Issuance of Common Stock Warrant

     —          17,673        —     

Issuance of junior subordinated debt

     —          —          65,000   

Cash dividends

     (22,460     (20,977     (20,525

Issuance of common stock

     119,447        —          —     

Proceeds from shares issued under the Dividend Reinvestment Plan

     1,160        2,551        2,445   

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

     13        373        2,228   

Excess tax (short-fall)/benefits from share-based payment arrangements

     (196     (247     791   

Purchase of treasury stock

     —          —          (92,425
                        

Net cash used in financing activities

     97,939        239,927        (52,486
                        

Decrease in cash and cash equivalents

     188        (1,706     (1,630

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year

     260        1,966        3,596   
                        

Cash and cash equivalents, end of year

   $ 448      $ 260      $ 1,966   
                        

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

22. Dividend Reinvestment Plan

The Company has a Dividend Reinvestment Plan which allows for participants’ reinvestment of cash dividends and certain optional additional investments in the Company’s common stock. Shares issued under the plan and the consideration received were 87,241 shares for $1.2 million in 2009, 151,157 shares for $2.6 million in 2008, and 78,087 shares for $2.4 million in 2007.

23. Regulatory Matters

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can result in certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. See Note 12 for discussion of possible future disallowance of Capital Securities as Tier 1 capital.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation has established five capital ratio categories: “well capitalized,” “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized,” and “critically undercapitalized.” A well capitalized institution must have a Tier 1 capital ratio of at least 6%, a total risk-based capital ratio of at least 10%, and a leverage ratio of at least 5%. At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the FDIC categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since that notification which management believes have changed the well capitalized category of the Bank.

The Bancorp’s and the Bank’s capital and leverage ratios as of December 31, 2009, and December 31, 2008, are presented in the tables below:

 

    As of December 31, 2009     As of December 31, 2008  
    Company     Bank     Company     Bank  
    Balance   Percentage     Balance   Percentage     Balance   Percentage     Balance   Percentage  
    (Dollars in thousands)  

Tier I Capital (to risk-weighted assets)

  $ 1,101,050   13.55   $ 1,066,570   13.15   $ 1,058,751   12.12   $ 1,012,164   11.60

Tier I Capital minimum requirement

    324,937   4.00        324,502   4.00        349,462   4.00        349,053   4.00   
                                               

Excess

  $ 776,113   9.55   $ 742,068   9.15   $ 709,289   8.12   $ 663,111   7.60
                                               

Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets)

  $ 1,253,701   15.43   $ 1,219,405   15.03   $ 1,217,795   13.94   $ 1,171,494   13.42

Total Capital minimum requirement

    649,874   8.00        649,003   8.00        698,924   8.00        698,105   8.00   
                                               

Excess

  $ 603,827   7.43   $ 570,402   7.03   $ 518,871   5.94   $ 473,389   5.42
                                               

Tier I Capital (to average assets) Leverage ratio

  $ 1,101,050   9.64   $ 1,066,570   9.35   $ 1,058,751   9.79   $ 1,012,164   9.38

Minimum leverage requirement

    457,059   4.00        456,470   4.00        432,453   4.00        431,840   4.00   
                                               

Excess

  $ 643,991   5.64   $ 610,100   5.35   $ 626,298   5.79   $ 580,324   5.38
                                               

Total average assets (1)

  $ 11,426,468     $ 11,411,750     $ 10,811,335     $ 10,796,005  

Risk-weighted assets

  $ 8,123,420     $ 8,112,538     $ 8,736,555     $ 8,726,316  

 

(1) Average assets represent average balances for the fourth quarter of each year presented.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

On December 17, 2009, the Bancorp entered into a memorandum of understanding with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (FRB SF) under which it agreed that it will not, without the FRB SF’s prior written approval, (i) receive any dividends or any other form of payment or distribution representing a reduction of capital from the Bank, or (ii) declare or pay any dividends, make any payments on trust preferred securities, or make any other capital distributions. Under the memorandum, the Bancorp agreed to submit to the FRB SF for review and approval a plan to maintain sufficient capital at the Company on a consolidated basis and at the Bank, a dividend policy for the Bancorp, a plan to improve management of the Company’s liquidity position and funds management practices, and a liquidity policy and contingency funding plan for the Bancorp. As part of the compliance with the memorandum, on January 22, 2010, the Bancorp submitted to the FRB SF a Three-Year Capital and Strategic Plan that updates a previously submitted plan and establishes, among other things, targets for our Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio, total risk-based capital ratio, Tier 1 leverage capital ratio and tangible common risk-based ratio, each of which, where applicable, are above the minimum requirements for a well-capitalized institution. In addition, the Bancorp agreed to notify the FRB SF prior to effecting certain changes to its senior executive officers and board of directors and it is limited and/or prohibited, in certain circumstances, in our ability to enter into contracts to pay and to make golden parachute severance and indemnification payments. The Bancorp also agreed in the memorandum that it will not, without the prior written approval of the FRB SF, directly or indirectly, (i) incur, renew, increase or guaranty any debt, (ii) issue any trust preferred securities, or (iii) purchase, redeem, or otherwise acquire any of its stock.

On March 1, 2010, the Bank entered into a memorandum of understanding with the Department of Financial Institutions (DFI) and the FDIC pursuant to which it is required to develop and implement, within specified time periods, plans satisfactory to the DFI and the FDIC to reduce commercial real estate concentrations, to enhance and to improve the quality of the stress testing of the Bank’s loan portfolio, and to revise its loan policy in connection therewith; to develop and adopt a strategic plan addressing improved profitability and capital ratios and to reduce the Bank’s overall risk profile; to develop and adopt a capital plan; to develop and implement a plan to improve asset quality, including the methodology for calculating the loss reserve allocation and evaluating its adequacy; and to develop and implement a plan to reduce dependence on wholesale funding. In addition, management is required to report progress to the DFI and FDIC on a quarterly basis. The Bank is also subject to a restriction on dividends from the Bank to the Bancorp, is required to maintain adequate allowance for loan and lease losses, and is subject to restrictions on any new branches and business lines without prior approval. The Bank is currently required to notify the FDIC prior to effecting certain changes to its senior executive officers and board of directors and is limited and/or prohibited, in certain circumstances, in its ability to enter into contracts to pay and to make golden parachute severance and indemnification payments; the Bank expects to be required to retain management and directors acceptable to the DFI and the FDIC. Following discussions with regulators, the Board has resolved to establish a Compliance Committee to, among other things, review the Company’s management and governance and consider making recommendations for improvement.

 

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CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

24. Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited)

The following table sets forth selected unaudited quarterly financial data:

 

    Summary of Operations  
    2009     2008  
    Fourth
Quarter
    Third
Quarter
    Second
Quarter
    First
Quarter
    Fourth
Quarter
    Third
Quarter
    Second
Quarter
    First
Quarter
 
    (In thousands, except per share data)  

Interest income

  $ 130,038      $ 131,647      $ 129,252      $ 137,794      $ 145,467      $ 146,122      $ 144,062      $ 154,300   

Interest expense

    56,283        59,132        63,255        67,369        71,225        72,521        71,948        79,110   
                                                               

Net interest income

    73,755        72,515        65,997        70,425        74,242        73,601        72,114        75,190   

Provision for credit losses

    91,000        76,000        93,000        47,000        62,900        15,800        20,500        7,500   
                                                               

Net-interest (loss)/income after provision for loan losses

    (17,245     (3,485     (27,003     23,425        11,342        57,801        51,614        67,690   

Non-interest income/(loss)

    8,272        10,287        32,434        27,661        11,577        (8,369     9,175        6,524   

Non-interest expense

    52,701        38,807        54,006        37,523        36,247        35,020        33,604        31,805   
                                                               

(Loss)/income before income tax expense

    (61,674     (32,005     (48,575     13,563        (13,328     14,412        27,185        42,409   

Income tax (benefit)/expense

    (26,550     (14,482     (24,055     3,175        (10,579     7,370        7,804        14,959   

Net (loss)/income

    (35,124     (17,523     (24,520     10,388        (2,749     7,042        19,381        27,450   
                                                               

Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interest

    (154     (156     (150     (151     (151     (151     (150     (151
                                                               

Net (loss)/income attributable to Cathay General Bancorp

    (35,278     (17,679     (24,670     10,237        (2,900     6,891        19,231        27,299   
                                                               

Dividends on preferred stock

    (4,089     (4,086     (4,083     (4,080     (1,140     —         
                                                               

Net (loss)/income available to common stockholders

    (39,367     (21,765     (28,753     6,157        (4,040     6,891        19,231        27,299   
                                                               

Basic net (loss)/income attributable to common stockholders per common share

  $ (0.64   $ (0.43   $ (0.58   $ 0.12      $ (0.08   $ 0.14      $ 0.39      $ 0.55   

Diluted net (loss)/income attributable to common stockholders per common share

  $ (0.64   $ (0.43   $ (0.58   $ 0.12      $ (0.08   $ 0.14      $ 0.39      $ 0.55   

25. Subsequent Events

On February 1, 2010, the Company sold $132.3 million of new common stock consisting of 15,028,409 shares at an average price of $8.80 per share. Net of issuance costs and fees, this issuance added $125.2 million to common stockholders’ equity.

 

F-54

EX-3.1 2 dex31.htm RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION Restated Certificate of Incorporation

EXHIBIT 3.1

RESTATED

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

OF

CATHAY BANCORP, INC.

(Pursuant to Sections 241 and 245 of the

General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware)

 

1. The name of the corporation is Cathay Bancorp, Inc. (the “Corporation”).

 

2. The original Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation was filed in the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on March 1, 1990.

 

3. The Corporation has not received any payment for any of its stock.

 

4. This Restated Certificate of Incorporation was duly adopted by the Board of Directors of the Corporation in accordance with Sections 241 and 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

 

5. The text of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation is hereby amended and restated to read in its entirety as follows:

FIRST: The name of the corporation is Cathay Bancorp, Inc. (the “Corporation”).

SECOND: The address of the Corporation’s registered office in the State of Delaware is 1209 Orange Street, City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, 19801. The name of the Corporation’s registered agent at such address is The Corporation Trust Company.

THIRD: The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

FOURTH:

(a) The total number of shares of capital stock which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 35,000,000 shares, consisting of 25,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $.01 per share (“Common Stock”) and 10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value $.01 per share (“Preferred Stock”).


(b) Except as otherwise provided in this Restated Certificate of Incorporation, each holder of Common Stock shall be entitled to one vote for each share of Common Stock held on all matters submitted to stockholders for a vote.

(c) Shares of Preferred Stock may be issued in one or more series, from time to time, with each such series to consist of such number of shares and to have such voting powers, full or limited, or no voting powers, and such designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, as shall be stated in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of such series adopted by the Board of Directors of the Corporation, and the Board of Directors is hereby expressly vested with authority, to the full extent now or hereafter provided by law, to adopt any such resolution or resolutions.

FIFTH:

(a) Except as otherwise provided for or fixed by or pursuant to the provisions of Article FOURTH of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation or any resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors providing for the issuance of any class or series of stock having a preference over the Common Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the Board of Directors shall consist of not fewer than 3 nor more than 25 directors, the exact number of directors within such limits to be determined as set forth in the Bylaws of the Corporation. The directors, other than those who may be elected by the holders of Preferred Stock or any other class or series of stock having a preference over the Common Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation pursuant to the terms of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation or any resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of such class or series of stock adopted by the Board of Directors, shall be classified with respect to the time for which they severally hold office, into three classes, as nearly equal in number as possible. The initial Class I Directors shall be those persons named as such by the Incorporator, who shall serve for a term expiring at the first annual meeting of stockholders of the Corporation following March 1, 1990; the initial Class II Directors shall be those person named as such by the Incorporator, who shall serve for a term expiring at the second annual meeting of stockholders following March 1, 1990; and the initial Class III Directors shall be those persons named as such by the Incorporator, who shall serve for a term expiring at the third annual meeting of stockholders following March 1, 1990. Each director in each such class shall hold office until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified. At each annual meeting of stockholders beginning with the first annual meeting of stockholders following March 1, 1990, the successors of the class of directors whose term expires at that meeting shall be elected to hold office for a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in the third year following the year of their election, with each director in each such class to hold office until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified.

 

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(b) Except as otherwise provided for or fixed by or pursuant to the provisions of Article FOURTH of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation or any resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors providing for the issuance of any class or series of stock having a preference over the Common Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, any director may be removed from office only for cause, and only with the affirmative vote of at least 80% of the combined voting power of the then outstanding shares of all classes and series of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Stock”), voting together as a single class.

SIXTH: Subject to the rights of holders of Preferred Stock or any other class or series of stock having a preference over the Common Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation, any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation may be effected only at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation and may not be effected by any consent in writing by such stockholders.

SEVENTH: In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred upon it by law, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to adopt, repeal, alter or amend the Bylaws of the Corporation by the vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors then in office, unless at the time of such action there shall be an Interested Stockholder (as defined in Article NINTH of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation), in which case such action of the Board of Directors to amend the Bylaws shall not be effective without the approval of a majority of the Continuing Directors (as defined in Article NINTH of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation) then in office. In addition to any requirements of law and any other provision of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation or any resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors adopted pursuant to Article FOURTH of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation (and notwithstanding the fact that a lesser percentage may be specified by law, this Restated Certificate of Incorporation or any such resolution or resolutions), the affirmative vote of the holders of 80% or more of the Voting Stock (as defined in Article FIFTH of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation), voting together as a single class, shall be required to adopt, amend, alter or repeal any provision of the Bylaws.

EIGHTH: To the fullest extent that the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or any other law of the State of Delaware as it exists on the date hereof or as it may hereafter be amended permits the limitation or elimination of the liability of directors, no director of the Corporation shall be liable to the Corporation or its

 

3


stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director. No amendment to, or modification or repeal of, this Article EIGHTH shall apply to or have any effect on the liability or alleged liability of any director of the Corporation for or with respect to acts or omissions of such director occurring prior to such amendment, modification or repeal.

NINTH: (a) In addition to any affirmative vote required by law or this Restated Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation, and except as otherwise expressly provided in Section (b) of this Article NINTH, a Business Combination (as hereinafter defined) with, or proposed by or on behalf of, any Interested Stockholder (as hereinafter defined) or any Affiliate or Associate (as hereinafter defined) of any Interested Stockholder or any person who after such Business Combination would be an Affiliate or Associate of such Interested Stockholder shall require the affirmative vote of not less than 80 percent of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all of the then outstanding shares of Voting Stock (as defined in Article FIFTH of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation), voting together as a single class, excluding Voting Stock beneficially owned by such Interested Stockholder. Such affirmative vote shall be required notwithstanding the fact that no vote may be required, or that a lesser percentage or separate class vote may be specified, by law, by any other provision of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation, by any agreement with any national securities exchange or otherwise.

(b) The provisions of Section(a) of this Article NINTH shall not be applicable to any particular Business Combination, and such Business Combination shall require only such affirmative vote, if any, as is required by law, by any other provision of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation, by any agreement with any national securities exchange or otherwise, if, in the case of a Business Combination involving the receipt of consideration by the holders of the Corporation’s outstanding Capital Stock (as hereinafter defined), the condition specified in paragraph (i) below is met or all of the conditions specified in paragraph (ii) below are met or if, in the case of a Business Combination not involving the receipt of consideration by the holders of the Corporation’s outstanding Capital Stock, the condition specified in paragraph (i) below is met:

(i) Approval by Continuing Directors. The Business Combination (either specifically or as a transaction which is within an approved category of transactions) shall have been approved by a majority of the Continuing Directors (as hereinafter defined).

(ii) Minimum Price and Other Requirements. All of the following conditions shall have been met:

 

4


(A) Minimum Price Requirements. With respect to every class or series of outstanding Capital Stock of the Corporation, whether or not the Interested Stockholder has previously acquired beneficial ownership of any shares of such class or series of Capital Stock:

(1) The aggregate amount of cash plus the Fair Market Value (as hereinafter defined), as of the date of the consummation of the Business Combination, of consideration other than cash to be received per share by holders of Common Stock in such Business Combination shall be at least equal to the higher of (x) the highest per-share price (including any brokerage commissions, transfer taxes and soliciting dealers’ fees) paid by or on behalf of the Interested Stockholder for any share of Common Stock in connection with the acquisition by the Interested Stockholder of beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock (i) within the two-year period immediately prior to the Announcement Date (as hereinafter defined) or (ii) in the transaction or series of related transactions in which it became an Interested Stockholder, whichever is higher, in either case as adjusted for any subsequent stock split, stock dividend, subdivision or reclassification with respect to Common Stock; and (y) the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock (i) on the Announcement Date or (ii) on the Determination Date (as hereinafter defined), whichever is higher, as adjusted for any subsequent stock split, stock dividend, subdivision or reclassification with respect to Common Stock.

(2) The aggregate amount of cash plus the Fair Market Value, as of the date of the consummation of the Business Combination, of consideration other than cash to be received per share by holders of shares of any class or series of outstanding Capital Stock, other than Common Stock, shall be at least equal to the highest of (x) the highest per-share price (including any brokerage commissions, transfer taxes and soliciting dealers’ fees) paid by or on behalf of the Interested Stockholder for any share of such class or series of Capital Stock in connection with the acquisition by the Interested Stockholder of beneficial ownership of shares of such class or series of Capital Stock (i) within the two-year period immediately prior to the Announcement Date or (ii) in the transaction or series of related transactions in which it became an Interested

 

5


Stockholder, whichever is higher, in either case as adjusted for any subsequent stock split, stock dividend, subdivision or reclassification with respect to such class or series of Capital Stock; (y) the Fair Market Value per share of such class or series of Capital Stock (i) on the Announcement Date or (ii) on the Determination Date, whichever is higher, as adjusted for any subsequent stock split, stock dividend, subdivision or reclassification with respect to such class or series of Capital Stock; and (z) the highest preferential amount per share, if any, to which the holders of shares of such class or series of Capital Stock would be entitled in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Corporation regardless of whether the Business Combination to be consummated constitutes such an event.

(B) Other Requirements.

(1) The consideration to be received by holders of a particular class or series of outstanding Capital Stock shall be in cash or in the same form as previously has been paid by or on behalf of the Interested Stockholder in connection with its direct or indirect acquisition of beneficial ownership of shares of such class or series of Capital Stock. If the consideration so paid for shares of any class or series of Capital Stock varies as to form, the form of consideration for such class or series of Capital Stock shall be either cash or the form paid by or on behalf of the Interested Stockholder in connection with its direct or indirect acquisition of beneficial ownership of the largest number of shares of such class or series of Capital Stock.

(2) After the Determination Date and prior to the consummation of such Business Combination (w) there shall have been no failure to declare and pay at the regular date therefor any full regular dividends (whether or not cumulative) payable in accordance with the terms of any outstanding Capital Stock, other than the Common Stock, except as approved by a majority of the Continuing Directors; (x) there shall have been no reduction in the amount, or change in the frequency of payment, of any dividends regularly paid on the Common Stock (except as necessary to reflect any stock split, stock dividend, subdivision or reclassification of the

 

6


Common Stock), except as approved by a majority of the Continuing Directors; (y) there shall have been an increase in the amount of any dividends regularly paid on the Common Stock as necessary to reflect any reverse stock split or reclassification of the Common Stock, or any split, recapitalization, reorganization or any similar transaction that has the effect of reducing the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, unless the failure so to increase the amount of such dividends is approved by a majority of the Continuing Directors; and (z) such Interested Stockholder shall not have become the beneficial owner of any additional shares of Capital Stock except as part of or otherwise in connection with the transaction or series of related transactions that resulted in such Interested Stockholder becoming an Interested Stockholder (including the exercise of any right to purchase additional shares of Capital Stock granted to any Interested Stockholder by the Corporation in connection with such transactions or series of related transactions) and except in a transaction or series of related transactions that, after giving effect thereto, would not result in any increase in the Interested Stockholder’s percentage beneficial ownership of any class or series of Capital Stock.

(3) After the Determination Date, such Interested Stockholder shall not have received the benefit, directly or indirectly (except proportionately as a stockholder of the Corporation), of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial assistance or any tax credits or other tax advantages provided by the Corporation, whether in anticipation of or in connection with such Business Combinations or otherwise.

(4) A proxy or information statement describing the proposed Business Combination and complying with the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “Act”) (or any subsequent provisions replacing such Act), shall be mailed to all stockholders of the Corporation at least 30 days prior to the consummation of such Business Combination (whether or not proxy or information statement is required to be mailed pursuant to such Act or subsequent provisions). Such proxy or information statement

 

7


shall contain, in a prominent place, any statement as to the advisability (or inadvisability) or the Business Combination that the Continuing Directors, or any of them, may choose to make and, if deemed advisable by a majority of the Continuing Directors, the opinion of an investment banking firm selected by a majority of the Continuing Directors as to the fairness (or not) or the terms of the Business Combination from a financial point of view to the holders of the outstanding shares of Capital Stock other than the Interested Stockholder and its Affiliates or Associates, such investment banking firm to be paid a reasonable fee for its services by the Corporation.

(5) After the Determination Date, such Interested Stockholder shall not have made any majority change in the Corporation’s business or capital structure without the approval of a majority of the Continuing Directors.

(c) The following definitions shall apply with respect to this Article NINTH.

(i) The term “Business Combination” shall mean: (A) any merger or consolidation of the Corporation or any Subsidiary (as hereinafter defined) with (1) any Interested Stockholder or (2) any other company (whether or not itself an Interested Stockholder) that is or after such merger or consolidation would be an Affiliate or Associate of an Interested Stockholder; or (B) any sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or other disposition, or any security arrangement, investment, loan, advance, guarantee, agreement to purchase, agreement to pay, extension of credit, joint venture participation or other arrangement, in one transaction or in a series of transactions, with or for the benefit of any Interested Stockholder or any Affiliate or Associate of any Interested Stockholder involving any assets, securities or commitments of the Corporation, any Subsidiary, and Interested Stockholder or any Affiliate or Associate of any Interested Stockholder that, together with all other such arrangements, has an aggregate Fair Market Value and/or involves aggregate commitments equal to 10% or more of the book value of the total assets (in the case of transactions involving assets or commitments other than capital stock) or 10% of the stockholders’ equity (in the case of transactions in capital stock) of the entity in question (the “Substantial Part”), as reflected in the most recent fiscal year-end consolidated balance sheet of such entity existing at the time the stockholders of the Corporation would be required to approve or authorize the Business Combination involving the assets, securities and/or commitments constituting any Substantial Part; or (C) the adoption of any plan or proposal for the liquidation or dissolution of the Corporation which any Interested Stockholder votes for or consents to; or (D) any issuance or

 

8


reclassification of securities (including any stock dividend, split or reverse split or any other distribution of securities in respect of stock), any recapitalization of the Corporation, any merger or consolidation of the Corporation with any of its Subsidiaries or any other transaction (whether or not with or otherwise involving an Interested Stockholder) that has the effect, directly or indirectly, of increasing the proportionate share of any class or series of Capital Stock, or any securities convertible into or rights, options or warrants to acquire Capital Stock or equity securities of any Subsidiary, that is beneficially owned by any Interested Stockholder or any Affiliate or Associate of any Interested Stockholder; or (E) any agreement, arrangement or other understanding providing for any one or more of the actions specified in the foregoing clauses (A) to (D).

(ii) The term “Capital Stock” shall mean all capital stock of the Corporation authorized to be issued from time to time under Article FOURTH of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

(iii) The term “person” shall mean any individual, firm, company or other entity and shall include any group comprised of any person and any other person with whom such person or any Affiliate or Associate of such person has any agreement, arrangement or understanding, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of Capital Stock.

(iv) The term “Interested Stockholder” shall mean any person (other than the Corporation or any Subsidiary and other than any profit-sharing, employee stock ownership or other employee benefit plan of the Corporation or any Subsidiary or any trustee of or fiduciary with respect to any such plan when acting in such capacity) who (1) is, or has publicly disclosed a plan or intention to become, the beneficial owner of Voting Stock representing 10% or more of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all then outstanding shares of Voting Stock or (2) is an Affiliate or Associate of the Corporation and at any time within the two-year period immediately prior to the date in question was the beneficial owner of Voting Stock representing 10% or more of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all then outstanding shares of Voting Stock.

(v) A person shall be a “beneficial owner” of, shall “beneficially own” and shall have “beneficial ownership” of any Capital Stock (A) that such person or any of its Affiliates or Associates owns, directly or indirectly; (B) that such person or any of its Affiliates or Associates has, directly or indirectly, (1) the right to acquire (whether such right is exercisable immediately or subject only to the passage of time), pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding or upon the exercise of conversion rights, exchange rights, warrants or options, or otherwise, or (2) the right to vote pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding; or (C) which is beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by any other person with which such person or any

 

9


of its Affiliates or Associates has any agreement, arrangement or understanding for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of any shares of Capital Stock. For the purposes of determining whether a person is an Interested Stockholder pursuant to paragraph (iv) of this Section (c), the number of shares of Capital Stock deemed to be outstanding shall include shares deemed beneficially owned by such person through application of this paragraph (v) of this Section (c), but shall not include any other shares of Capital Stock that may be issuable pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding, or upon exercise of conversion rights, warrants or options, or otherwise.

(vi) The terms “Affiliate” and “Associate” shall have the respective meanings ascribed to such terms in Rule 12b-2 under the Act as in effect on the date that this Article NINTH is approved by the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the term “registrant” in Rule 12b-2 meaning in this case the Corporation).

(vii) The term “Subsidiary” means any company of which a majority of any class of equity securities are beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by the Corporation; provided, however, that for the purposes of the definition of Interested Stockholder set forth in paragraph (iv) of this Section (c), the term “Subsidiary” shall mean only a company of which a majority of each class of equity security is beneficially owned by the Corporation.

(viii) The term “Continuing Director,” with respect to any particular Business Combination with, or proposed by or on behalf of, any Interested Stockholder or any Affiliate or Associate of any Interested Stockholder or any person who thereafter would be an Affiliate or Associate of any Interested Stockholder, means any member of the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”), while such person is a member of the Board of Directors, who is not an Affiliate, Associate or representative of such Interested Stockholder and was a member of the Board of Directors prior to the time that such Interested Stockholder became an Interested Stockholder, and any successor of a Continuing Director while such successor is a member of the Board of Directors, who is not an Affiliate or Associate or representative of such Interested Stockholder and is recommended or elected to succeed the Continuing Director by a majority of Continuing Directors.

(ix) The term “Fair Market Value” means (x) in the case of cash, the amount of such cash; (y) in the case of stock, the highest closing sale price during the 30-day period immediately preceding the date in question of a share of such stock on the Composite Tape for New York Stock Exchange-listed stocks, or, if such stock is not quoted on the Composite Tape, on the New York Stock Exchange, or, if such stock is not listed on such Exchange, on the principal United States securities exchange registered under the Act on which such stock is listed, or, if such stock is not listed on any such exchange, the highest closing sale price with respect to a share of such stock during the 30-day period preceding the date in question as reported by the

 

10


National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Automated Quotation System or any similar system then in use, or if no such sales prices are available, the highest of the means between the last reported bid and asked price with respect to a share of such stock on each day during the 30-day period preceding the date in question as reported by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Automated Quotation System, or if not so reported, as determined by a member firm of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. selected by the Continuing Directors, or if no such bid and asked prices are available, the fair market value on the date in question of a share of such stock as determined in good faith by a majority of the Continuing Directors; and (z) in the case of property other than cash or stock, the fair market value of such property on the date in question as determined in good faith by a majority of the Continuing Directors.

(x) In the event of any Business Combination in which the Corporation survives, the phrase “consideration other than cash to be received” as used in paragraphs (ii)(A)(1) and (ii)(A)(2) of Section(b) of this Article NINTH shall include the shares of Common Stock and/or the shares of any other class or series of Capital Stock retained by the holders of such shares.

(xi) The term “Announcement Date” means the date on which the proposed Business Combination is first publicly announced, disclosed or reported.

(xii) The term “Determination Date” means with respect to any Interested Stockholder the later of the date that this Article NINTH is approved by the Board of Directors of the Corporation or the date on which such Interested Stockholder became an Interested Stockholder.

(d) For the purpose of this Article NINTH, a majority of the Continuing Directors shall have the power and duty to determine in good faith, on the basis of information known to them after reasonable inquiry, all questions arising under this Article NINTH, including, without limitation, (i) whether a person is an Interested Stockholder, (ii) the number of shares of Capital Stock beneficially owned by any person, (iii) whether a person is an Affiliate or Associate of another, (iv) whether a Business Combination or any proposal to amend, repeal or adopt any provision of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation inconsistent with this Article NINTH (collectively, a “Proposed Action”) is with, or proposed by or on behalf of, an Interested Stockholder or an Affiliate or Associate of an Interested Stockholder or a person who thereafter would be an Interested Stockholder or an Affiliate or Associate of an Interested Stockholder, and (v) whether any transaction specified in paragraph (i)(B) of Section (c) of this Article NINTH meets the Substantial Part test set forth therein; except that a majority of the entire Board of Directors shall have the power and duty to determine in good faith, on the basis of information known to them after reasonable investigation, whether a director is a “Continuing Director” as defined in paragraph (viii) of Section(c) of this Article NINTH. Any such determination made in good faith shall be binding and conclusive on all parties.

 

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(e) (i) Nothing contained in this Article NINTH shall be construed to relieve any Interested Stockholder from any fiduciary obligation imposed by law.

(ii) The fact that any Business Combination complies with the provisions of Section (b) of this Article NINTH shall not be construed to impose any fiduciary duty, obligation or responsibility on the Board of Directors, or any member thereof, to approve such Business Combination or recommend its adoption or approval to the stockholders of the Corporation, nor shall such compliance limit, prohibit or otherwise restrict in any manner the Board of Directors, or any member thereof, with respect to evaluations of or actions and responses taken with respect to such Business Combination.

TENTH: (a) In addition to any affirmative vote required by law or by this Restated Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation, and except as otherwise expressly provided in Section (b) of this Article TENTH, the Corporation shall not knowingly engage, directly or indirectly, in any Stock Repurchase (as hereinafter defined) from an Interested Stockholder (as hereinafter defined), who has been such for a period of less than two years prior to the date of such Stock Repurchase or any agreement in respect thereof, without the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all then outstanding shares of Voting Stock which are beneficially owned by persons other than such Interested Stockholder, voting together as a single class. Such affirmative vote shall be required notwithstanding the fact that no vote may be required, or that a lesser percentage or separate class vote may be specified, by law or in any agreement with any national securities exchange or otherwise.

(b) The provisions of Section (a) of this Article TENTH shall not be applicable to any particular Stock Repurchase from an Interested Stockholder, and such Stock Repurchase shall require only such affirmative vote, if any, as is required by law or by any other provision of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation, or any agreement with any national securities exchange, if: (i) the Stock Repurchase is made pursuant to a tender offer or exchange offer for a class of Capital Stock (as defined in Article NINTH of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation) made available on the same basis to all holders of such class of Capital Stock; or (ii) the Stock Repurchase is made pursuant to an open market purchase program approved by a majority of the Continuing Directors (as defined in Article NINTH of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation), provided that such repurchase is effected on the open market and is not the result of a privately negotiated transaction.

 

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(c) For the purposes of this Article TENTH:

(i) The term “Stock Repurchase” shall mean any repurchase, directly or indirectly, by the Corporation or any Subsidiary of any shares of Capital Stock at a price greater than the then Fair Market Value of such shares.

(ii) The term “Interested Stockholder” shall mean any person (other than the Corporation or any Subsidiary and other than any profit-sharing, employee stock ownership or other employee benefit plan of the Corporation or any Subsidiary or any trustee of or fiduciary with respect to any such plan when acting in such capacity) who (A) is the beneficial owner of Voting Stock representing five percent (5%) or more of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all then outstanding shares of Voting Stock; or (B) is an Affiliate or Associate of the Corporation and at any time within the two-year period immediately prior to the date in question was the beneficial owner of Voting Stock representing five percent (5%) or more of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all then outstanding shares of Voting Stock.

(iii) The terms “person,” “beneficial owner,” “Affiliate,” “Associate,” “Subsidiary,” “Continuing Director” and “Fair Market Value” shall have the respective meanings set forth in Article NINTH of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

(d) The Board of Directors shall have the power and duty to determine for the purposes of this Article TENTH, on the basis of information known to them after reasonable inquiry, (i) whether a person is an Interested Stockholder, (ii) the number of shares of Capital Stock or other securities beneficially owned by any person, (iii) whether a person is an Affiliate or Associate of another and (iv) whether the consideration to be paid in any Stock Repurchase has an aggregate Fair Market Value in excess of the then Fair Market Value of the shares of Capital Stock being repurchased. Any such determination made in good faith shall be binding and conclusive on all parties.

(e) Nothing contained in this Article TENTH shall be construed to relieve any Interested Stockholder from any fiduciary obligation imposed by law.

ELEVENTH: (a) Except as set forth in this Article ELEVENTH, stockholders of the Corporation shall not be entitled to cumulative voting in connection with the election of directors. In the event that the Corporation has a Substantial Stockholder (as hereinafter defined) at the time of any election of directors, each holder of Voting Stock (as defined in Article FIFTH of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation) shall be entitled, in connection with any vote taken for such election of directors, to as many votes as shall equal the number of votes which (except for this Article ELEVENTH) such stockholder would be entitled to cast for the election of directors with respect to such stockholder’s shares of Voting Stock multiplied by the number of directors to be elected by such stockholder, and such stockholder may cast all of such votes for election of a single director or may distribute them among the number of directors to be voted for, or for any two or more of them as such stockholder may see fit.

 

13


(b) For purposes of this Article ELEVENTH:

(i) The term “Substantial Stockholder” shall mean any person (other than the Corporation or any Subsidiary and other than any profit-sharing, employee stock ownership or other employee benefit plan of the Corporation or any Subsidiary or any trustee of or fiduciary with respect to any such plan when acting in such capacity) who is the beneficial owner of Voting Stock representing forty percent (40%) or more of the votes entitled to be cast by the holders of all then outstanding shares of Voting Stock.

(ii) The terms “beneficial owner,” “Capital Stock,” “person,” “Affiliate,” “Associate,” “Subsidiary,” “Fair Market Value” and “Continuing Director” shall have the meanings set forth in Article NINTH of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

(c) The Board of Directors shall have the power and duty to determine for the purposes of this Article ELEVENTH on the basis of information known to them after reasonable inquiry, (i) whether a person is a Substantial Stockholder, (ii) the number of shares of Voting Stock or other securities beneficially owned by any person, and (iii) whether a person is an Affiliate or Associate of another. Any such determination made in good faith shall be binding and conclusive on all parties.

(d) Nothing contained in this Article ELEVENTH shall be construed to relieve any Substantial Stockholder from any fiduciary obligation imposed by law.

TWELFTH: The Board of Directors of the Corporation, when evaluating any offer to (a) make a tender or exchange offer for any equity security of the Corporation, (b) merge or consolidate the Corporation with another person, or (c) purchase or otherwise acquire all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Corporation (an “Acquisition Proposal”), shall, in connection with the exercise of its business judgment, give due consideration to all relevant factors, including without limitation the social and economic effects thereof and of consummation thereof on the employees, customers, suppliers and other constituents of the Corporation and its subsidiaries and on the communities in which the Corporation and its subsidiaries operate or are located and the desirability of maintaining independence from any other entity which is a customer or competitor of the Corporation.

THIRTEENTH: In addition to any requirements of law and any other provisions of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation or any resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors adopted pursuant to Article FOURTH of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation (and notwithstanding the fact that a lesser percentage may be specified

 

14


by law, this Restated Certificate of Incorporation or any such resolution or resolutions), the affirmative vote of the holders of 80% or more of the combined voting power of the then outstanding shares of Voting Stock, voting together as a single class, shall be required to amend, alter or repeal ARTICLES FIFTH, SIXTH, SEVENTH, EIGHTH, NINTH, TENTH, ELEVENTH, TWELFTH and THIRTEENTH of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation. Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Article THIRTEENTH, the Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter or repeal any provision contained in this Restated Certificate of Incorporation in the manner now or hereinafter prescribed by statute, and all rights conferred upon stockholders herein are subject to this reservation.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Cathay Bancorp, Inc. has caused this Restated Certificate of Incorporation to be executed by Dunson K. Cheng, its President, and attested by Wilbur K. Woo, its Secretary, this 17th day of May, 1990.

 

ATTEST:       CATHAY BANCORP, INC.

By:

 

/s/    Wilbur K. Woo

    By:  

/s/    Dunson K. Cheng

 

Wilbur K. Woo

Secretary

     

Dunson K. Cheng

President

EX-3.1.1 3 dex311.htm AMENDMENT TO RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation

EXHIBIT 3.1.1

CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT OF

RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF

CATHAY BANCORP, INC.

Cathay Bancorp, Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “Corporation”), does hereby certify:

FIRST:

That Article Fourth (a) of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation is hereby amended to read in its entirety as follows:

“FOURTH: (a) The total number of shares of capital stock which the Corporation shall have authority to issue is 110,000,000 shares, consisting of 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock, par value $.01 per share (“Common Stock”) and 10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, par value of $.01 per share (“Preferred Stock”).”

SECOND:

That said amendment was duly adopted in accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the Delaware General Corporation Law.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Cathay Bancorp, Inc. has caused this Certificate of Amendment of Restated Certificate of Incorporation to be executed by its duly authorized person this 15th day of October, 2003.

 

/s/ HENG W. CHEN
Name:Heng W. Chen
Title:Authorized Officer
EX-3.2 4 dex32.htm RESTATED BYLAWS Restated Bylaws

EXHIBIT 3.2

RESTATED

BYLAWS

OF

CATHAY BANCORP, INC.

(a Delaware corporation)


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

         Page

ARTICLE I — OFFICES

   1

SECTION 1.

  Registered Office    1

SECTION 2.

  Other Offices    1

ARTICLE II — MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

   1

SECTION 1.

 

Place of Meetings

   1

SECTION 2.

  Annual Meeting    1

SECTION 3.

  Business To Be Conducted At Meetings    1

SECTION 4.

  Stockholders List    2

SECTION 5.

  Special Meetings    3

SECTION 6.

  Notice of Meetings    3

SECTION 7.

  Quorum and Adjournment    3

SECTION 8.

  Voting    3

SECTION 9.

  Proxies    4

SECTION 10.

  Action by Written Consent    4

SECTION 11.

  Judges of Election    4

SECTION 12.

  Conduct of Meetings    5

ARTICLE III — DIRECTORS

   5

SECTION 1.

  Powers    5

SECTION 2.

  Number and Qualifications    5

SECTION 3.

  Election, Term and Nominations    6

SECTION 4.

  Newly Created Directorships and Vacancies    7

SECTION 5.

  Resignation and Removal    8

SECTION 6.

  Regular Meetings    8

SECTION 7.

  Special Meetings    8

SECTION 8.

  Notice    8

SECTION 9.

  Quorum    8

SECTION 10.

  Fees    9


SECTION 11.

 

Action Without Meetings

   9

SECTION 12.

 

Meetings by Telephonic Communication

   9

ARTICLE IV — COMMITTEES

   9

SECTION 1.

 

Appointment

   9

SECTION 2.

 

Powers

   10

SECTION 3.

 

Proceedings

   10

SECTION 4.

 

Fees

   10

ARTICLE V — OFFICERS

   10

SECTION 1.

 

Appointment and Compensation

   10

SECTION 2.

 

Removal and Resignation

   11

SECTION 3.

 

The Chairman of the Board

   11

SECTION 4.

 

The President

   11

SECTION 5.

 

The Vice President

   11

SECTION 6.

 

The Secretary

   12

SECTION 7.

 

The Assistant Secretary

   12

SECTION 8.

 

The Treasurer

   12

SECTION 9.

 

The Assistant Treasurer

   12

ARTICLE VI — SHARES OF STOCK

   13

SECTION 1.

 

Form of Certificate

   13

SECTION 2.

 

Transfer Agents and Registrars

   13

SECTION 3.

 

Transfers of Stock

   13

SECTION 4.

 

Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates

   13

SECTION 5.

 

Registered Stockholders

   14

ARTICLE VII — RECORD DATES

   14

ARTICLE VIII — GENERAL PROVISIONS

   15

SECTION 1.

 

Seal

   15

SECTION 2.

 

Fiscal Year

   15

SECTION 3.

 

Manner of Notice

   15

SECTION 4.

 

Waiver of Notice

   15

SECTION 5.

 

Voting of Shares in Other Corporations

   15

SECTION 6.

 

Dividends

   16

SECTION 7.

 

Reserves

   16

ARTICLE IX — INDEMNIFICATION

   16

SECTION 1.

 

Actions, Suits or Proceedings Other than by or in the Right of the Corporation

   16

SECTION 2.

 

Actions or Suits by or in the Right of the Corporation

   16

SECTION 3.

 

Indemnification for Costs, Charges and Expenses of Successful Party

   17

SECTION 4.

 

Determination of Right to Indemnification

   17

SECTION 5.

 

Advance of Costs, Charges and Expenses

   17

SECTION 6.

 

Procedure for Indemnification

   18

SECTION 7.

 

Other Rights; Continuation of Right to Indemnification

   18

SECTION 8.

 

Insurance

   19

SECTION 9.

 

Savings Clause

   19

SECTION 10.

 

Subsequent Amendment

   19

SECTION 11.

 

Subsequent Legislation

   19

ARTICLE X — AMENDMENTS

   20


RESTATED

BYLAWS

OF

CATHAY BANCORP, INC.

(a Delaware corporation)

ARTICLE I

OFFICES

SECTION 1. Registered Office. The registered office of the Corporation shall be located at 1209 Orange Street, in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware, and the name of the registered agent at such address is The Corporation Trust Company.

SECTION 2. Other Offices. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places, either within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate or the business of the Corporation may require.

ARTICLE II

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

SECTION 1. Place of Meetings. Meetings of stockholders shall be held at such time and place, within or without the State of Delaware, as may be designated by resolution of the Board of Directors from time to time.

SECTION 2. Annual Meeting. An annual meeting of stockholders for the election of Directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting shall be held at such date and time as may be designated by resolution of the Board of Directors from time to time.

SECTION 3. Business To Be Conducted At Meetings. At an annual meeting of stockholders, only such business shall be conducted, and only such proposals shall be acted upon as shall have been brought before the annual meeting (a) by, or at the direction of, a majority of the Board of Directors, or (b) by any stockholder of the Corporation who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section. For a proposal to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than 60 days nor more than 90 days prior to the scheduled annual meeting; provided, however, that if less


than 70 days’ notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the scheduled annual meeting is given or made, notice by the stockholder, to be timely, must be so delivered or received not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the earlier of the day on which such notice of the date of the scheduled annual meeting was mailed or the day on which such public disclosure was made. A stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (a) a brief description of the proposal desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (b) the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation’s books or as set forth on the stockholder’s stock certificates, of the stockholder proposing such business and any other stockholders known by such stockholder to be supporting such proposal, (c) the class and number of shares of the Corporation’s stock which are beneficially owned by the stockholder on the date of such stockholder notice and by any other stockholders known by such stockholder to be supporting such proposal on the date of such stockholder notice, and (d) any financial interest of the stockholder in such proposal. A majority of the Board of Directors may reject any stockholder proposal not timely made in accordance with the terms of this Section. If a majority of the Board of Directors determines that the information provided in a stockholder’s notice does not satisfy the informational requirements of this Section in any material respect, the Secretary of the Corporation shall promptly notify such stockholder of the deficiency in the notice. The stockholder shall have an opportunity to cure the deficiency by providing additional information to the Secretary within such period of time, not to exceed five business days from the date such deficiency notice is given to the stockholder, as a majority of the Board of Directors shall reasonably determine. If the deficiency is not cured within such period, or if a majority of the Board of Directors determines that the additional information provided by the stockholder, together with information previously provided, does not satisfy the requirements of this Section in any material respect, then a majority of the Board of Directors may reject such stockholder’s proposal. The Secretary of the Corporation shall notify a stockholder in writing whether his proposal has been made in accordance with the time and information requirements of this Section. Notwithstanding the procedures set forth in this paragraph, if the majority of the Board of Directors does not make a determination as to the compliance of any stockholder proposal with the requirements of this Section, the presiding officer of the annual meeting shall determine and declare at the annual meeting whether the stockholder proposal was made in accordance with the terms of this Section. If the presiding officer determines that a stockholder proposal was not made in accordance with the terms of this Section, he shall so declare at the annual meeting and such proposal shall not be acted upon at the annual meeting.

SECTION 4. Stockholders List. The officer who has charge of the stock transfer books of the Corporation shall prepare and make, in the time and manner required by applicable law, a list of stockholders entitled to vote and shall make such list available for such purposes, at such places, at such times and to such persons as required

 

2


by applicable law. The stock transfer books shall be the only evidence as to the identity of the stockholders entitled to examine the stock transfer books or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders.

SECTION 5. Special Meetings. Special meetings of stockholders for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by applicable law or by the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, may be called by the Chairman of the Board, the President, or a majority of the Board of Directors. Special meetings of stockholders may not be called by any other person or persons. The business transacted at any such special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purposes set forth in the notice of the meeting.

SECTION 6. Notice of Meetings. Written notice of each meeting of stockholders, whether annual or special, stating the place, date and hour of the meeting shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meting not less than ten or more than sixty days before the date of the meeting. In the case of a special meeting, such notice shall state the purpose or purposes for which such special meeting is called.

SECTION 7. Quorum and Adjournment. The holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of stockholders for the transaction of business except as otherwise provided by applicable law or by the Restated Certificate of Incorporation. The stockholders entitled to vote present at a duly called or held meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to do business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders entitled to vote to leave less than a quorum then present and represented. Any stockholders’ meeting, annual or special, whether or not a quorum is present or represented, may be adjourned from time to time by the vote of the holders of a majority of the stock entitled to vote thereat, the holders of which are either present in person or represented by proxy, but in the absence of a quorum no other business may be transacted at such meeting. At any adjourned meeting, at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified, except for such business as was duly transacted at any earlier meeting. If an adjournment is for more than thirty days, or if after an adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given as in the case of an original meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.

SECTION 8. Voting. Unless otherwise provided by applicable law, by the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, or in any resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors providing for the issuance of a class or series of the preferred stock of the Corporation, each holder of stock having voting power shall be entitled to one vote for each share of such stock held by such stockholder. At all meetings of stockholders for the election of directors a plurality of the votes cast shall be sufficient to elect. All other

 

3


elections and questions shall, unless otherwise provided by law, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws be decided by the vote of the holders of shares of stock having a majority of the votes which could be cast by the holders of all shares of stock entitled to vote thereon which are present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting.

SECTION 9. Proxies. At each meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, every stockholder having the right to vote shall be entitled to vote in person or proxy. Any stockholder may authorize another person to act for him by proxy. A proxy must be in writing and executed by the stockholder or his or her duly authorized attorney. In lieu thereof, to the extent permitted by law, a proxy may be transmitted in a telegram, cablegram or other means of electronic transmission provided that the telegram, cablegram or electronic transmission either sets forth or is submitted with information from which it can be determined that the telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder. A copy, facsimile transmission or other reliable reproduction of a written or electronically-transmitted proxy authorized by this Section 9 may be substituted for or used in lieu of the original writing or electronic transmission. No proxy authorized by this Section 9 shall be voted or acted upon more than three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. No ballot, proxies or vote, nor any revocations thereof or changes thereto shall be accepted after the time set for the closing of the polls pursuant to Section 12 of Article II of these By-laws. Each proxy shall be delivered to the inspectors of election prior to or at the meeting. The vote for directors shall be by ballot.

SECTION 10. Action by Written Consent. The stockholders of the Corporation shall not take action by written consent in lieu of taking such action at an annual or special meeting of stockholders.

SECTION 11. Judges of Election. The Corporation shall, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more inspectors of election to act at the meeting and make a written report thereof. The Corporation may designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. In the event that no inspector so appointed or designated is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the person presiding at the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his ability. The inspector or inspectors so appointed or designated shall (i) ascertain the number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation outstanding and the voting power of each such share, (ii) determine the shares of capital stock of the Corporation represented at the meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots, (iii) count all votes and ballots, (iv) determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors, and (v) certify their determination of the number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation

 

4


represented at the meeting and such inspectors’ count all votes and ballots. Such certification shall specify such other information as may be required by law. In determining the validity and counting of proxies and ballots cast at any meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, the inspectors may consider such information as if permitted by applicable law. No person who is a candidate for office at an election may serve as an inspector of such election.

SECTION 12. Conduct of Meetings. The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be announced at such meeting by the person presiding over the meeting. The Board of Directors of the Corporation may adopt by resolution such rules or regulations for the conduct of meetings of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors, the chair of any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chair, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the chair of the meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (1) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (2) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (3) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the chair shall permit; (4) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (5) the limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. Unless, and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the chair of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with rules of parliamentary procedure.

ARTICLE III

DIRECTORS

SECTION 1. Powers. The Board of Directors shall have the power to manage the property, business and affairs of the Corporation, and except as expressly limited by law, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, to exercise all of its corporate powers.

SECTION 2. Number and Qualifications. The Board of Directors shall initially consist of 12 members. The number of directors may be changed from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors, but in no event may the number of directors be fewer than 3 nor greater than 25. Directors need not be stockholders.

 

5


SECTION 3. Election, Term and Nominations.

(a) The Board of Directors shall be classified as set forth in Article FIFTH of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation. The initial Class I, Class II and Class III Directors shall be those persons named as such by the Incorporator. Each Director so named shall serve for the term set forth in Article FIFTH of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified.

(b) Nominations of candidates for election as directors at any annual meeting of stockholders may be made by the Board of Directors or by any stockholder entitled to vote at such annual meeting. Only persons nominated in accordance with procedures set forth in this Section 3(b) shall be eligible for election as directors at an annual meeting. Nominations of candidates for election as directors by any stockholder shall be made pursuant to timely notice in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation as set forth in this Section 3(b). To be timely, a stockholder’s notice shall be delivered to, or mailed and received at, the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than 60 days nor more than 90 days prior to the date of the scheduled annual meeting; provided, however, that if less than 70 days’ notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the scheduled annual meeting is given or made, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered or received not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the earlier of the date on which such notice of the date of the scheduled annual meeting was mailed or the date on which such public disclosure was made. Such stockholder’s notice shall set forth: (i) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director (a) the name, age, business address and residence address of such person, (b) the principal occupation or employment of such person, (c) the class and number of shares of the Corporation’s stock which are beneficially owned by such person on the date of such stockholder notice and (d) any other information relating to such person that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Regulation 13D-G under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), in connection with the acquisition of shares, and pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act, in connection with the solicitation of proxies with respect to nominees for election as directors, regardless of whether such person is subject to the provisions of such regulations, including, but not limited to, information required to be disclosed by Items 4(b) and 6 of Schedule A of Regulation 14A and information which would be required to be filed on Schedule B of Regulation 14A with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and (ii) as to the stockholder giving the notice (a) the name and address, as they appear on the Corporation’s books or as set forth on the holder’s stock certificates, of such stockholder and any other stockholders known by such stockholder to be supporting such nominees, and (b) the class and number of shares of the Corporation’s stock which are beneficially owned by such stockholder on the date of such stockholder notice and beneficially owned by any other stockholders known by such stockholder to be supporting such nominees on the date of such stockholder notice. No person shall be elected as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 3(b). Ballots bearing the names of all the persons who have been nominated for election as directors at an annual meeting in accordance

 

6


with the procedures set forth in this Section 3(b) shall be provided for use at the annual meeting. A majority of the Board of Directors may reject any nomination by a stockholder not timely made in accordance with the requirements of this Section 3(b). If a majority of the Board of Directors determines that the information provided in a stockholder’s notice does not satisfy the informational requirements of this Section 3(b) in any material respect, the Secretary of the Corporation shall promptly notify such stockholder of the deficiency in the notice. The stockholder shall have an opportunity to cure the deficiency by providing additional information to the Secretary within such period of time, not to exceed five business days, from the date such deficiency notice is given to the stockholder, as the majority of the Board of Directors shall reasonably determine. If the deficiency is not cured with such period, or if a majority of the Board of Directors reasonably determines that the additional information provided by the stockholder, together with the information previously provided, does not satisfy the requirements of this Section 3(b) in any material respect, then the Board of Directors may reject such stockholder’s nomination. The Secretary of the Corporation shall notify a stockholder in writing whether his nomination has been made in accordance with the time and informational requirements of this Section 3(b). Notwithstanding the procedures set forth in this Section 3(b), if a majority of the Board of Directors does not make a determination as to the compliance of any nominations by a stockholder with the requirements of this Section, the presiding officer of the annual meeting shall determine and declare at the annual meeting whether a nomination was not made in accordance with the terms of this Section 3(b). If the presiding officer determines that a nomination was not made in accordance with the terms of this Section 3(b), he shall so declare at the annual meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded.

SECTION 4. Newly Created Directorships and Vacancies. Except as otherwise provided for or fixed by or pursuant to the provisions of Article FOURTH of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or any resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors providing for the issuance of any class or series of stock having a preference over the Common Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors and any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal or other cause shall be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors; provided, however, that in the event that at the time of such vacancy or newly created directorship there is an Interested Stockholder (as defined in Article NINTH of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation), then, in addition to the vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, the filling of such vacancy or newly created directorship shall require the approval of a majority of the Continuing Directors (as defined in Article NINTH of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation) then in office. Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the new directorship was created or the vacancy occurred and until such director’s successor shall

 

7


have been elected and qualified. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director. If the number of Directors is changed, any increase or decrease shall be apportioned among the three classes so as to make all classes as nearly equal in number as possible. If, consistent with the preceding requirement, the increase or decrease may be allocated to more than one class, the increase or decrease may be allocated to any such class the Board of Directors selects in its discretion.

SECTION 5. Resignation and Removal. Any Director may resign at any time upon written notice to the Corporation. A Director may be removed only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 80% of the shares then entitled to vote in an election of Directors, which vote may only be taken at a meeting of stockholders called expressly for that purpose.

SECTION 6. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without call or notice at such time and place either within or without the State of Delaware as shall from time to time be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

SECTION 7. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called at any time, and for any purpose permitted by law, by the President, or by the Secretary on the written request of a majority of the members of the Board of Directors, which meetings shall be held at the time and place either within or without the State of Delaware designated by the person or persons calling the meeting.

SECTION 8. Notice. Notice of the time, place and purpose of any special meeting shall be given to the Directors by the Secretary, or in case of his absence, refusal or inability to act, by any other officer. Any such notice may be given by mail, by telegraph, by telephone, by facsimile or by personal service, to each of the Directors. If the notice is by mail, it shall be deposited in a United States Post Office at least forty-eight hours before the time of the meeting; if by facsimile, transmitted at least twelve hours before the time of the meeting; and if by telegraph, by deposit of the message with the telegraph company at least twelve hours before the time of the meeting; if by telephone or by personal service, given at least twelve hours before the time of the meeting.

SECTION 9. Quorum. At all meetings of the Board of Directors, one-third of the total number of directors, shall be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act of a majority of the Directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by applicable law or by the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws. Any meeting of the Board of Directors may be adjourned to meet again at a stated day and hour. Even though no quorum is

 

8


present a majority of the Directors present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, whether initial, regular or special, may adjourn from time to time until a quorum be had, but no later than the time fixed for the next regular meeting of the Board of Directors. Notice of any adjourned meeting need not be given.

SECTION 10. Fees. Each Director shall receive such fees and other compensation, along with reimbursement of expenses incurred on behalf of the Corporation or in connection with attendance at meetings, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. No such payment of fees or other compensation shall preclude any Director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving fees and compensation for such services.

SECTION 11. Action Without Meetings. Unless otherwise restricted by applicable law or by the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or of such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or such committee.

SECTION 12. Meetings by Telephonic Communication. Unless otherwise restricted by the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, by applicable law or these Bylaws, members of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may participate in any meeting of the Board of Directors or committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 12 shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

ARTICLE IV

COMMITTEES

SECTION 1. Appointment. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the Directors, designate one or more committees, each committee to be composed of members of the Board of Directors of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more Directors as alternate members of any committee who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Each committee shall have such name or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors.

 

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SECTION 2. Powers. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors unless expressly limited by law in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, no such committee shall have any power or authority in reference to amending the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, adopting an agreement of merger or consolidation, recommending to the stockholders entitled to vote the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s property and assets, recommending to the stockholders entitled to vote a dissolution of the Corporation or a revocation of a dissolution, or amending these Bylaws; and, unless the resolution expressly so provides, no such committee shall have the power or authority to declare a dividend or to authorize the issuance of any securities of the Corporation.

SECTION 3. Proceedings. Each such committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same upon request of the Board of Directors.

SECTION 4. Fees. Members of the various committees shall receive such fees and other compensation, along with reimbursement of expenses incurred on behalf of the Corporation or in connection with attendance of meetings, as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. No such payment of fees or compensation shall preclude any member of a committee from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving fees and compensation for such services.

ARTICLE V

OFFICERS

SECTION 1. Appointment and Compensation. The Board of Directors shall appoint and fix the compensation of the officers of the Corporation who shall include a Chairman of the Board, a President, a Vice President, a Secretary, and a Treasurer. The Chairman of the Board must be appointed from among the Directors. The Board of Directors may appoint and fix the compensation of all such other officers (in-clouding additional Vice Presidents, Assistant Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers) as the Board of Directors may deem necessary or desirable. The Board of Directors, or if it fails to do so, the President, may appoint and fix the compensation of such other agents as either of them deem necessary or desirable, who shall have such powers and duties as may be assigned from time to time by either of them. Unless prohibited by applicable law or by the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws, one person may be elected or appointed to serve in more than one official capacity.

 

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SECTION 2. Removal and Resignation. The officers shall hold office for such terms as the Board of Directors shall determine until their respective successors are appointed and qualified, except in the event of earlier removal or resignation. Any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by the Board of Directors. Any other agents of the Corporation may be similarly removed by the Board of Directors or by the President. Any officer may resign at any time by giving notice to the Board of Directors or to the Chairman of the Board or to the Secretary of the Corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the date of receipt of such notice or at any later time specified therein; and, unless otherwise specified in such notice, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

SECTION 3. The Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board (if there is such an officer) shall, if present, preside at all meetings of the stockholders and at all meetings of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may designate the Chairman of the Board to be the chief executive officer of the Corporation. The Chairman of the Board shall exercise and perform such other powers and duties as are usually vested in a chairman of the board and (if so designated) in a chief executive officer or as may be from time to time prescribed or assigned by the Board of Directors or as may be prescribed by these Bylaws.

SECTION 4. The President. Subject to the control of the Board of Directors, the President shall have general supervision, management and control of the business, affairs and officers of this Corporation and shall, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board or in the event of his inability or refusal to act, preside at all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors. The President shall be the chief executive officer or, in the event that the Chairman of the Board has been designated to be the chief executive officer, the chief operating officer of the Corporation. The President shall exercise and perform such other powers and duties as are usually vested in a president and in a chief executive or operating officer (as the case may be) or as may be from time to time prescribed or assigned by the Board of Directors or as may be prescribed by these Bylaws.

SECTION 5. The Vice President. In the absence of the President or in the event of his inability or refusal to act, the Vice President (or if there be more than one Vice President, the Vice Presidents in the order of their rank or if of equal rank, then in the order designated by the Board of Directors or the President, or in the absence of any designation, then in the order of their appointment) shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. The Vice President shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President may from time to time prescribe.

 

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SECTION 6. The Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and all meetings of stockholders and record all the proceedings of the meetings of the Corporation and of the Board of Directors in a book to be kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties for the committees when required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, to the extent and in the manner required by applicable law or by these Bylaws. The Secretary shall have custody of the corporate seal of the Corporation and the Secretary, or an Assistant Secretary, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested by the signature of the Secretary, or by the signature of such Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the affixing by the signature of such officer. The Secretary shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the president may from time to time prescribe.

SECTION 7. The Assistant Secretary. The Assistant Secretary (if there be more than one Assistant Secretary, the Assistant Secretaries in the order designated by the Board of Directors or the President or, in the absence of any designation, then in the order of their appointment), shall, in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of the Secretary’s inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President or the Secretary may from time to time prescribe.

SECTION 8. The Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have both the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all monies and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer may disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors or the President, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the Board of Directors and the President an account of transactions and of the financial condition of the Corporation. The Treasurer shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President may from time to time prescribe.

SECTION 9. The Assistant Treasurer. The Assistant Treasurer (or if there be more than one Assistant Treasurer, the Assistant Treasurers in the order designated by the Board of Directors or the President or if there be no such designation, then in the order of their appointment) shall in the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of the Treasurer’s inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer. The Assistant Treasurer shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the Treasurer may from time to time prescribe.

 

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ARTICLE VI

SHARES OF STOCK

SECTION 1. Form of Certificate. Every holder of stock in the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate in form approved by the Board of Directors signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by the President or a Vice President, and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, certifying the number of shares owned by him in the Corporation. Any or all signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. The corporate seal may, but need not, be placed upon the certificates representing the Corporation’s shares. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or countersigned, or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent, or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent, or registrar at the date of issue.

SECTION 2. Transfer Agents and Registrars. The Corporation may have one or more transfer agents and one or more registrars of its shares, whose respective duties shall be defined by the Board of Directors. Unless the Board of Directors specifically directs otherwise with respect to a particular certificate, if the Board of Directors has appointed one or more transfer agents and registrars, certificates for shares shall be countersigned by a transfer agent and registered by a registrar.

SECTION 3. Transfers of Stock. Upon surrender to the Corporation or a transfer agent of the Corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the Corporation to issue or direct the issuance of a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books.

SECTION 4. Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. The Board of Directors may issue or direct the issuance of a new certificate or certificates in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate or certificates alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.

 

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SECTION 5. Registered Stockholders. The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share or shares of stock as the owner in fact to receive dividends, to vote, if entitled and for all other purposes and, accordingly, shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, save as expressly provided by applicable law.

ARTICLE VII

RECORD DATES

In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors and which record date: (1) in the case of determination of stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders or adjournment thereof, shall not be more than sixty nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting; and (2) in the case of any other action, shall not be more than sixty days prior to such other action. If no record date is fixed: (1) the record date for deter-mining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held; and (2) the record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

 

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ARTICLE VIII

GENERAL PROVISIONS

SECTION 1. Seal. It shall not be necessary to the validity of any instrument executed by any authorized officer or officers of the Corporation, that the execution of such instrument be evidenced by the corporate seal, and all documents, instruments, contracts and writings of all kinds signed on behalf of the Corporation by any authorized officer or officers thereof shall be as effectual and binding on the Corporation without the corporate seal, as if the execution of the same had been evidenced by affixing the corporate seal thereto.

SECTION 2. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

SECTION 3. Manner of Notice. Whenever under the provisions of applicable law or of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or of these Bylaws notice is required to be given to any Director, committee member, officer or stockholder and except as otherwise provided therein, it shall not be construed to mean personal notice, but such notice may be given, in the case of stockholders, in writing, by mail, by depositing the same in the post office or letterbox, in a postpaid, sealed wrapper, addressed to such stockholder, at such address as appears in the record books of the Corporation, and, in the case of Directors, committee members and officers, by telephone, by mail, by facsimile or by telegram to the last address known to the Secretary of the Corporation, and such notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be thus mailed, telegraphed, transmitted or telephoned.

SECTION 4. Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given under the provisions of applicable law or of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or of these Bylaws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent thereto. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted, nor the purpose of any regular or special meeting of the stockholders, Directors, or members of a committee of Directors need be specified in any written waiver of notice.

SECTION 5. Voting of Shares in Other Corporations. Shares in other corporations which are held by the Corporation may be represented and voted by the Chairman of the Board or the President or a Vice President or the Secretary of the Corporation or by proxy or proxies appointed by one of them. The Board of Directors

 

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may, however, direct the appearance or vote thereof and may appoint some other person to vote such shares generally or in respect of any particular matter.

SECTION 6. Dividends. Dividends upon stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors, out of funds lawfully available therefore, at any initial, regular or special meeting, pursuant to applicable law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of stock, subject to the provisions of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

SECTION 7. Reserves. There may be set aside at any time out of any funds of the Corporation such sum or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or to equalize dividends, or to repair, maintain or improve any property of the Corporation, or for any other proper purpose as the Board of Directors shall determine and the Board of Directors may, to the same extent, modify or abolish any such reserve which has been established.

ARTICLE IX

INDEMNIFICATION

SECTION 1. Actions, Suits or Proceedings Other than by or in the Right of the Corporation. The Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of the fact that he is or was or has agreed to become a Director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving or has agreed to serve at the request of the Corporation as a Director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted in such capacity, against costs, charges, expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf in connection with such action, suit or proceeding and any appeal therefrom, if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation.

SECTION 2. Actions or Suits by or in the Right of the Corporation. The Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the

 

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Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was or has agreed to become a Director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving or has agreed to serve at the request of the Corporation as a Director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted in such capacity, against costs, charges and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit and any appeal therefrom, if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery of Delaware or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of such liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such costs, charges and expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

SECTION 3. Indemnification for Costs, Charges and Expenses of Successful Party. Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Article IX, to the extent that a Director or officer of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise, including, without limitation, the dismissal of an action without prejudice, in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in Sections 1 and 2 of this Article IX, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he shall be indemnified against all costs, charges and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf in connection therewith.

SECTION 4. Determination of Right to Indemnification. Any indemnification under Sections 1 and 2 of this Article IX (unless ordered by a court) shall be paid by the Corporation unless a determination is made (i) by a majority of the members of the Board of Directors who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding even if less than a quorum, or (ii) if such a majority of the disinterested members of the Board of Directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (iii) by the stockholders, that indemnification of the Director or officer is not proper in the circumstances because he has not met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Sections 1 and 2 of this Article IX.

SECTION 5. Advance of Costs, Charges and Expenses. Costs, charges and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by a person referred to in Sections 1 or 2 of this Article IX in defending any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding; provided, however, that the payment of such costs, charges and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by a Director or officer in his capacity as a Director or officer (and not in any other capacity in which

 

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service was or is rendered by such person while a Director or officer) in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the Director or officer to repay all amounts so advanced in the event that it shall ultimately be determined that such Director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article IX. Such costs, charges and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by other employees and agents may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the majority of the Board of Directors deems appropriate. The majority of the Board of Directors may, in the manner set forth above, and upon approval of such Director, officer, employer, employee or agent of the Corporation, authorize the Corporation’s counsel to represent such person, in any action, suit or proceeding, whether or not the Corporation is a party to such action, suit or proceeding.

SECTION 6. Procedure for Indemnification. Any indemnification under Sections 1, 2 and 3, or advance of costs, charges and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) under Section 5 of this Article IX, shall be made promptly, and in any event within 60 days, upon the written request of the Director or officer. The right to indemnification or advances as granted by this Article IX shall be enforceable by the Director or officer in any court of competent jurisdiction, if the Corporation denies such request, in whole or in part, or if no disposition thereof is made within 60 days. Such person’s costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred in connection with successfully establishing his right to indemnification, in whole or in part, in any such action shall also be indemnified by the Corporation. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for the advance of costs, charges and expenses under Section 5 of this Article IX where the required undertaking, if any, has been received by the Corporation) that the claimant has not met the standard of conduct set forth in Sections 1 or 2 of this Article IX, but the burden of proving such defense shall be on the Corporation. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, its independent legal counsel and its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Sections 1 or 2 of this Article IX, nor the fact that there has been an actual determination by the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, its independent legal counsel and its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.

SECTION 7. Other Rights; Continuation of Right to Indemnification. The indemnification provided by this Article IX shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which any director, officer, employee or agent seeking indemnification may be entitled under any law (common or statutory), agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested Directors or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding office or while employed by or acting as agent

 

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for the Corporation, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a Director, officer, employee or agent, and shall inure to the benefit of the estate, heirs, executors and administrators of such person. All rights to indemnification under this Article IX shall be deemed to be a contract between the Corporation and each Director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation who serves or served in such capacity at any time while this Article IX is in effect. Any repeal or modification of this Article IX or any repeal or modification of relevant provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or any other applicable laws shall not in any way diminish any rights to indemnification of such Director, officer, employee or agent or the obligations of the Corporation arising hereunder. This Article IX shall be binding upon any successor corporation to this Corporation, whether by way of acquisition, merger, consolidation or otherwise.

SECTION 8. Insurance. The Corporation shall purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was or has agreed to become a Director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a Director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him or on his behalf in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of this Article IX; provided, however, that such insurance is available on acceptable terms, which determination shall be made by a vote of a majority of the Board of Directors.

SECTION 9. Savings Clause. If this Article IX or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Corporation (i) shall nevertheless indemnify each Director and officer of the Corporation, and (ii) may nevertheless indemnify each employee and agent of the Corporation, as to costs, charges and expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fine and amounts paid in settlement with respect to any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, including an action by or in the right of the Corporation, to the full extent permitted by any applicable portion of this Article IX that shall not have been invalidated and to the full extent permitted by applicable law.

SECTION 10. Subsequent Amendment. No amendment, modification or repeal of this Article IX shall affect or impair in any way the rights of any Director or officer of the Corporation to indemnification under the provisions hereof with respect to any action, suit or proceeding arising out of, or relating to, any actions, transactions or facts occurring prior to the final adoption of such amendment, termination or appeal.

SECTION 11. Subsequent Legislation. If the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware is amended to further expand the indemnification permitted to Directors, officers, employees or agents of the Corporation, then the Corporation shall

 

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indemnify such persons to the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as so amended.

ARTICLE X

AMENDMENTS

These Bylaws may be amended or repealed (i) by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 80% of the total Voting Power of the Corporation (as defined in Article FIFTH of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation) at a meeting of stockholders or (ii) by a resolution adopted by a majority of the Board of Directors then in office provided, however, that in the event that at the time of such action of the Board of Directors to amend or repeal these Bylaws there exists an Interested Stockholder (as defined in Article NINTH of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation), then, before such amendment or repeal shall become effective, it shall require the approval of a majority of the Continuing Directors (as defined in Article NINTH of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation) then in office.

 

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EX-3.2.1 5 dex321.htm AMENDMENT TO RESTATED BYLAWS Amendment to Restated Bylaws

EXHIBIT 3.2.1

Amendment to the Restated Bylaws of

Cathay Bancorp, Inc.

 

1. The first sentence of Article III, Section 2 is hereby amended and restated to read as follows:

“The Board of Directors shall consist of 14 members.”

 

2. Article IV is hereby amended to add the following as Section 5 thereto:

“SECTION 5. Office of the President/CEO. The Office of the President/CEO shall consist of two members, the Executive Vice Chairman/Chief Operating Officer of the Corporation and the Chairman and President/CEO of the Corporation. The Office of the President/CEO shall nominate the executive officers of the Corporation for approval by the Board of Directors.”

 

3. The first sentence of Article V, Section 1 is hereby amended and restated to read as follows:

“The Board of Directors shall appoint and fix the compensation of the officers of the Corporation who shall include a Chairman of the Board, an Executive Vice Chairman/Chief Operating Officer, a President, a Vice President, a Secretary, and a Treasurer.”

 

4. The following provision shall be inserted as Article V, Section 4, and the existing Article V, Section 4 and subsequent sections in Article V shall be renumbered accordingly:

“Section 4. The Executive Vice Chairman/Chief Operating Officer. The Executive Vice Chairman/Chief Operating Officer (if there is such an officer) shall have such powers and duties as may from time to time be prescribed or assigned by the Board of Directors or as may be prescribed by these Bylaws. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board or in the event of his inability or refusal to act, the Executive Vice Chairman/Chief Operating Officer, if present, shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors. The Executive Vice Chairman/Chief Operating Officer shall also serve as the chief operating officer of the Corporation.”

 

5. The second sentence of Article V, Section 5 (previously Section 4) is hereby amended and restated to read as follows:

“The President shall be the chief executive officer unless if the Chairman of the Board has been designated to be the chief executive officer.”

EX-10.2.1 6 dex1021.htm AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Employee Stock Ownership Plan

EXHIBIT 10.2.1

AMENDMENT NO. 1

TO THE CATHAY BANK

EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN

Cathay Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby amends the above-named plan (the “Plan”), effective as of January 1, 2002, as follows:

Preamble

1. Adoption and Effective Date of This Amendment. This Amendment to the Plan is adopted to reflect certain provisions of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (“EGTRRA”). This Amendment is intended as good faith compliance with the requirements of EGTRRA and is to be construed in accordance with EGTRRA and guidance issued thereunder. Except as otherwise provided, this Amendment shall be effective as of the first day of the first Plan Year beginning after December 31, 2001.

2. Supersession of Inconsistent Provisions. This Amendment shall supersede the provisions of the Plan to the extent those provisions are inconsistent with the provisions of this Amendment.

Section 1. Limitations on Contributions

1. Effective Date. This Section shall be effective for limitation years beginning after December 31, 2001.

2. Maximum Annual Addition. The annual addition that may be contributed or allocated to a Participant’s account under the Plan for any limitation year shall not exceed the lesser of:

(a) $40,000, as adjusted for increases in the cost-of-living under Section 415(d) of the Code, or

(b) 100% of the Participant’s compensation, within the meaning of Section 415(c)(3) of the Code, for the limitation year.

 

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The compensation limit referred to in (b) shall not apply to any contribution for medical benefits after separation from service (within the meaning of Section 401(h) or Section 419A(f)(2) of the Code) which is otherwise treated as an annual addition.

 

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Section 2. Increase in Compensation Limit

The annual Compensation of each Participant taken into account in determining allocations for any Plan Year beginning after December 31, 2001, shall not exceed $200,000, as adjusted for cost-of-living increases in accordance with Section 401(a)(17)(B) of the Code. Annual Compensation means Compensation during the Plan Year or such other consecutive 12-month period over which Compensation is otherwise determined under the Plan (the determination period). The cost-of-living adjustment in effect for a calendar year applies to annual Compensation for the determination period that begins with or within such calendar year.

Section 3. Modification of Top-Heavy Rules

1. Effective Date. This Section shall apply for purposes of determining whether the Plan is a top-heavy plan under Section 416(g) of the Code for Plan Years beginning after December 31, 2001, and whether the Plan satisfies the minimum benefits requirements of Section 416(c) of the Code for such years. This Section amends Article VIII of the Plan.

2. Determination of Top-Heavy Status.

2.1 Key Employee. Key Employee means any Employee or former Employee (including any deceased Employee) who at any time during the Plan Year that includes the determination date was an officer of the Company having annual compensation greater than $130,000 (as adjusted under Section 416(i)(1) of the Code for Plan Years beginning after December 31, 2002), a 5% owner of the Company, or a 1% owner of the Company having annual compensation of more than $150,000. For this purpose, annual compensation means compensation within the meaning of Section 415(c)(3) of the Code. The determination of who is a Key Employee will be made in accordance with Section 416(i)(1) of the Code and the applicable Regulations and other guidance of general applicability issued thereunder.

2.2 Determination of Present Values and Amounts. This Section 2.2 shall apply for purposes of determining the present values of accrued benefits and the amounts of account balances of Employees as of the determination date.

2.2.1 Distributions During Year Ending on the Determination Date. The present values of accrued benefits and the amounts of account balances of an Employee as of the determination date shall be increased by the distributions made with respect to the Employee under the Plan and any plan aggregated with the Plan under Section 416(g)(2) of the Code during the one-year period ending on the determination date. The preceding sentence shall also apply to distributions under a terminated

 

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plan which, had it not been terminated, would have been aggregated with the Plan under Section 416(g)(2)(A)(i) of the Code. In the case of a distribution made for a reason other than separation from service, death, or disability, this provision shall be applied by substituting “five-year period” for “one-year period.”

2.2.2 Employees not Performing Services During Year Ending on the Determination Date. The accrued benefits and accounts of any individual who has not performed services for the Company during the one-year period ending on the determination date shall not be taken into account.

3. Minimum Benefits.

3.1 Matching Contributions. Company matching contributions shall be taken into account for purposes of satisfying the minimum contribution requirements of Section 416(c)(2) of the Code and the Plan. The preceding sentence shall apply with respect to matching contributions under the Plan or, if the Plan provides that the minimum contribution requirement shall be met in another plan, such other plan. Company matching contributions that are used to satisfy the minimum contribution requirements shall be treated as matching contributions for purposes of the actual contribution percentage test and other requirements of Section 401(m) of the Code.

Section 4. Direct Rollovers of Plan Distributions

1. Effective Date. This Section shall apply to distributions made after December 31, 2001.

2. Modification of Definition of Eligible Retirement Plan. For purposes of the direct rollover provisions in Section 6.6 of the Plan, an Eligible Retirement Plan shall also mean an annuity contract described in Section 403(b) of the Code and an eligible plan under Section 457(b) of the Code which is maintained by a state, political subdivision of a state, or any agency or instrumentality of a state or political subdivision of a state and which agrees to separately account for amounts transferred into such plan from this Plan. The definition of Eligible Retirement Plan shall also apply in the case of a distribution to a surviving spouse, or to a spouse or former spouse who is the alternate payee under a qualified domestic relation order, as defined in Section 414(p) of the Code.

* * * * *

 

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The Company has caused this Amendment No. 1 to be signed on the date indicated below, to be effective as indicated above.

 

  “Company”
Dated: December 12, 2002   CATHAY BANCORP, INC.
  By:    

/s/    DUNSON K. CHENG

      Dunson K. Cheng
      President
Dated: December 12, 2002   CATHAY BANK
  By:    

/s/    DUNSON K. CHENG

      Dunson K. Cheng
      President

 

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EX-10.2.2 7 dex1022.htm AMENDMENT NO. 2 TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN Amendment No. 2 to the Amended and Restated Employee Stock Ownership Plan

EXHIBIT 10.2.2

AMENDMENT NO. 2

TO THE CATHAY BANK

EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN

Cathay Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby amends the above-named plan (the “Plan”), effective as of January 1, 2004, as follows:

Section 1. Eligibility

Effective as of January 1, 1997, each individual who was an employee of First Public Savings Bank (“FPSB”) on November 17, 1996, became an Employee on November 18, 1996, and remained an Employee until January 1, 1997, shall receive credit under the Plan for Years of Service such individual had with FPSB.

Effective as of January 1, 2004, each individual who was an employee of General Bank Corporation (“GBC”) or its Subsidiaries immediately prior to the Effective Time (as such terms are defined in the Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among General Bank, GBC Bancorp, Cathay Bank, and Cathay Bancorp, Inc., dated May 6, 2003), became an Employee at the Effective Time, and remained an Employee until January 1, 2004, shall receive credit under the Plan for Years of Service such individual had with GBC or its Subsidiaries.

* * * * *

The Company has caused this Amendment No. 2 to be signed on the date indicated below, to be effective as indicated above.

 

    “Company”
Dated: August 25, 2003     CATHAY BANCORP, INC.
    By:   /S/    DUNSON K. CHENG
      Dunson K. Cheng
      President

Dated: August 25, 2003

    CATHAY BANK
    By:   /S/    DUNSON K. CHENG
      Dunson K. Cheng
      President
EX-10.2.3 8 dex1023.htm AMENDMENT NO. 3 TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN Amendment No. 3 to the Amended and Restated Employee Stock Ownership Plan

EXHIBIT 10.2.3

AMENDMENT NO. 3

TO THE

CATHAY BANK EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN

Cathay Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby amends the above-named plan (the “Plan”), effective as of January 1, 2003 (except as otherwise provided below), as follows:

Article XIV. MINIMUM DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENTS.

Section 1. General Rules

1.1. Effective Date. Unless an earlier effective date is specified in Section 6 below, the provisions of this Article will apply for purposes of determining required minimum distributions for calendar years beginning with the 2003 calendar year.

1.2. Coordination with Minimum Distribution Requirements Previously in Effect. If Section 6 below specifies an effective date of this Article that is earlier than calendar years beginning with the 2003 calendar year, required minimum distributions for 2002 under this Article will be determined as follows. If the total amount of 2002 required minimum distributions under the Plan made to the distributee prior to the effective date of this Article equals or exceeds the required minimum distributions determined under this Article, then no additional distributions will be required to be made for 2002 on or after such date to the distributee. If the total amount of 2002 required minimum distributions under the Plan made to the distributee prior to the effective date of this Article is less than the amount determined under this Article, then required minimum distributions for 2002 on and after such date will be determined so that the total amount of required minimum distributions for 2002 made to the distributee will be the amount determined under this Article.

1.3. Precedence. The requirements of this Article will take precedence over any inconsistent provisions of the Plan.

1.4. Requirements of Treasury Regulations Incorporated. All distributions required under this Article will be determined and made in accordance with the Treasury Regulations under Section 401(a)(9) of the Internal Revenue Code.

1.5. TEFRA Section 242(b)(2) Elections. Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Article, distributions may be made under a designation made before January 1, 1984, in accordance with Section 242(b)(2) of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act (“TEFRA”) and the provisions of the Plan that relate to Section 242(b)(2) of TEFRA.

 

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Section 2. Time and Manner of Distribution

2.1. Required Beginning Date. The Participant’s entire interest will be distributed, or begin to be distributed, to the Participant no later than the Participant’s required beginning date.

2.2. Death of Participant Before Distributions Begin. If the Participant dies before distributions begin, the Participant’s entire interest will be distributed, or begin to be distributed, no later than as follows:

(a) If the Participant’s surviving spouse is the Participant’s sole designated beneficiary, then distributions to the surviving spouse will begin by December 31 of the calendar year immediately following the calendar year in which the Participant died, or by December 31 of the calendar year in which the Participant would have attained age 70 1/2, if later.

(b) If the Participant’s surviving spouse is not the Participant’s sole designated beneficiary, then distributions to the designated beneficiary will begin by December 31 of the calendar year immediately following the calendar year in which the Participant died.

(c) If there is no designated beneficiary as of September 30 of the year following the year of the Participant’s death, the Participant’s entire interest will be distributed by December 31 of the calendar year containing the fifth anniversary of the Participant’s death.

(d) If the Participant’s surviving spouse is the Participant’s sole designated beneficiary and the surviving spouse dies after the Participant but before distributions to the surviving spouse begin, this Section 2.2, other than Section 2.2(a), will apply as if the surviving spouse were the Participant.

For purposes of this Section 2.2 and Section 4, unless Section 2.2(d) applies, distributions are considered to begin on the Participant’s required beginning date. If Section 2.2(d) applies, distributions are considered to begin on the date distributions are required to begin to the surviving spouse under Section 2.2(a). If distributions under an annuity purchased from an insurance company irrevocably commence to the Participant before the Participant’s required beginning date (or to the Participant’s surviving spouse before the date distributions are required to begin to the surviving spouse under Section 2.2(a)), the date distributions are considered to begin is the date distributions actually commence.

2.3. Forms of Distribution. Unless the Participant’s interest is distributed in the form of an annuity purchased from an insurance company or in a single sum on or before the required beginning date, as of the first distribution calendar year distributions will be made in accordance with Sections 3 and 4 of this Article. If the Participant’s interest is distributed in the form of an annuity purchased from an insurance company, distributions thereunder will be made in accordance with the requirements of Section 401(a)(9) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations.

 

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Section 3. Required Minimum Distributions During Participant’s Lifetime

3.1. Amount of Required Minimum Distribution For Each Distribution Calendar Year. During the Participant’s lifetime, the minimum amount that will be distributed for each distribution calendar year is the lesser of:

(a) the quotient obtained by dividing the Participant’s account balance by the distribution period in the Uniform Lifetime Table set forth in Section 1.401(a)(9)-9 of the Treasury Regulations, using the Participant’s age as of the Participant’s birthday in the distribution calendar year; or

(b) if the Participant’s sole designated beneficiary for the distribution calendar year is the Participant’s spouse, the quotient obtained by dividing the Participant’s account balance by the number in the Joint and Last Survivor Table set forth in Section 1.401(a)(9)-9 of the Treasury Regulations, using the Participant’s and spouse’s attained ages as of the Participant’s and spouse’s birthdays in the distribution calendar year.

3.2. Lifetime Required Minimum Distributions Continue Through Year of Participant’s Death. Required minimum distributions will be determined under this Section 3 beginning with the first distribution calendar year and up to and including the distribution calendar year that includes the Participant’s date of death.

Section 4. Required Minimum Distributions After Participant’s Death

4.1. Death On or After Date Distributions Begin.

(a) Participant Survived by Designated Beneficiary. If the Participant dies on or after the date distributions begin and there is a designated beneficiary, the minimum amount that will be distributed for each distribution calendar year after the year of the Participant’s death is the quotient obtained by dividing the Participant’s account balance by the longer of the remaining life expectancy of the Participant or the remaining life expectancy of the Participant’s designated beneficiary, determined as follows:

(1) The Participant’s remaining life expectancy is calculated using the age of the Participant in the year of death, reduced by one for each subsequent year.

(2) If the Participant’s surviving spouse is the Participant’s sole designated beneficiary, the remaining life expectancy of the surviving spouse is calculated for each distribution calendar year after the year of the Participant’s death using the surviving spouse’s age as of the spouse’s birthday in that year. For distribution calendar years after the year of the surviving spouse’s death, the remaining life expectancy of the surviving spouse is calculated using the age of the surviving spouse as of the spouse’s birthday in the calendar year of the spouse’s death, reduced by one for each subsequent calendar year.

(3) If the Participant’s surviving spouse is not the Participant’s sole designated beneficiary, the designated beneficiary’s remaining life expectancy is calculated using the age of the beneficiary in the year following the year of the Participant’s death, reduced by one for each subsequent year.

 

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(b) No Designated Beneficiary. If the Participant dies on or after the date distributions begin and there is no designated beneficiary as of September 30 of the year after the year of the Participant’s death, the minimum amount that will be distributed for each distribution calendar year after the year of the Participant’s death is the quotient obtained by dividing the Participant’s account balance by the Participant’s remaining life expectancy calculated using the age of the Participant in the year of death, reduced by one for each subsequent year.

4.2. Death Before Date Distributions Begin.

(a) Participant Survived by Designated Beneficiary. If the Participant dies before the date distributions begin and there is a designated beneficiary, the minimum amount that will be distributed for each distribution calendar year after the year of the Participant’s death is the quotient obtained by dividing the Participant’s account balance by the remaining life expectancy of the Participant’s designated beneficiary, determined as provided in Section 4.1.

(b) No Designated Beneficiary. If the Participant dies before the date distributions begin and there is no designated beneficiary as of September 30 of the year following the year of the Participant’s death, distribution of the Participant’s entire interest will be completed by December 31 of the calendar year containing the fifth anniversary of the Participant’s death.

(c) Death of Surviving Spouse Before Distributions to Surviving Spouse Are Required to Begin. If the Participant dies before the date distributions begin, the Participant’s surviving spouse is the Participant’s sole designated beneficiary, and the surviving spouse dies before distributions are required to begin to the surviving spouse under Section 2.2(a), this Section 4.2 will apply as if the surviving spouse were the Participant.

Section 5. Definitions

5.1. Designated beneficiary. The individual who is designated as the beneficiary under Section 2.2 of the Plan and is the designated beneficiary under Section 401(a)(9) of the Internal Revenue Code and Section 1.401(a)(9)-1, Q&A-4, of the Treasury Regulations.

5.2. Distribution calendar year. A calendar year for which a minimum distribution is required. For distributions beginning before the Participant’s death, the first distribution calendar year is the calendar year immediately preceding the calendar year which contains the Participant’s required beginning date. For distributions beginning after the Participant’s death, the first distribution calendar year is the calendar year in which distributions are required to begin under Section 2.2. The required minimum distribution for the Participant’s first distribution calendar year will be made on or before the Participant’s required beginning date. The required minimum distribution for other distribution calendar years, including the required minimum distribution for the distribution calendar year in which the Participant’s required beginning date occurs, will be made on or before December 31 of that distribution calendar year.

5.3. Life expectancy. Life expectancy as computed by use of the Single Life Table in Section 1.401(a)(9)-9 of the Treasury Regulations.

 

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5.4. Participant’s account balance. The account balance as of the last valuation date in the calendar year immediately preceding the distribution calendar year (valuation calendar year) increased by the amount of any contributions made and allocated or forfeitures allocated to the account balance as of dates in the valuation calendar year after the valuation date and decreased by distributions made in the valuation calendar year after the valuation date. The account balance for the valuation calendar year includes any amounts rolled over or transferred to the Plan either in the valuation calendar year or in the distribution calendar year if distributed or transferred in the valuation calendar year.

5.5. Required beginning date. The date specified in Section 6.3(c) of the Plan.

Section 6. Effective Date of Plan Amendment for Section 401(a)(9) Final and Temporary Treasury Regulations

This Article XIV, Minimum Distribution Requirements, applies for purposes of determining required minimum distributions for distribution calendar years beginning with the 2003 calendar year.

* * * * *

The Company has caused this Amendment No. 3 to be signed on the date indicated below, to be effective as indicated above.

 

    “Company”
Date: October 16, 2003     CATHAY BANCORP, INC.
    By:   /S/    DUNSON K. CHENG
      Dunson K. Cheng
      President
Date: October 16, 2003     CATHAY BANK
    By:   /S/    DUNSON K. CHENG
      Dunson K. Cheng
      President

 

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EX-10.2.4 9 dex1024.htm AMENDMENT NO. 4 TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN Amendment No. 4 to the Amended and Restated Employee Stock Ownership Plan

Exhibit 10.2.4

AMENDMENT NO. 4

TO THE

CATHAY BANK EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN

Cathay General Bancorp (the “Company”) hereby amends the above-named plan (the “Plan”), effective as indicated below as follows:

1. Section 1.2 of the Plan is hereby amended, effective as of October 20, 2003, by replacing the definition of the term “Company” in its entirety and replacing it to read as follows:

“‘Company’ shall mean, prior to October 20, 2003, CATHAY BANCORP, INC., and effective on and after October 20, 2003, CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP.”

2. Section 4.6 of the Plan is hereby amended, effective as of June 17, 2004, by deleting said Section in its entirety and replacing it to read as follows:

“Any cash dividends received by the Trustee on account of the Stock shall, at the discretion of the Committee, either (a) be used to make any payment on any installment contract or loan used to acquire Leveraged Stock, or (b) be allocated to the Participants’ Cash Accounts and the Unallocated Stock Account in proportion to the shares of Stock held in the Participants’ Stock Accounts and the Unallocated Stock Account, respectively, as of the record date of such dividend. The Committee may not elect to use method (a) above unless the Stock is allocated in a manner in compliance with Code Section 404(k)(2)(B). Furthermore, if the Committee elects to use method (b) above, all cash dividends on Stock allocated to Participants’ Stock Accounts shall be paid to the Plan and reinvested in Stock and allocated to the Participants’ Stock Accounts except for cash dividends allocated to the Cash Accounts of any Participant or Beneficiary who elected to have such dividends distributed by the Plan in cash. The election to receive dividends in cash shall be made in the time and manner prescribed by the Committee. All amounts elected by a Participant or Beneficiary to be received in cash shall be distributed by the Plan to Participants or their Beneficiaries not later than 90 days after the close of the Plan Year in which it is paid.”

* * * * *

 

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The Company has caused this Amendment No. 4 to be signed on the date indicated below, to be effective as indicated above.

 

    “Company”
Date: June 22, 2004   CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP
  By:  

/s/ HENG W. CHEN

  Its:   EVP & CFO
Date: June 22, 2004   CATHAY BANK
  By:  

/s/ HENG W. CHEN

  Its:   EVP & CFO

 

- 2 -

EX-10.2.5 10 dex1025.htm AMENDMENT NO. 5 TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN Amendment No. 5 to the Amended and Restated Employee Stock Ownership Plan

Exhibit 10.2.5

AMENDMENT NO. 5

TO THE

CATHAY BANK EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN

Cathay General Bancorp (the “Company”) hereby amends the above-named plan (the “Plan”), effective as of March 28, 2005, as follows:

1. Section 6.1(b) of the Plan is hereby amended by deleting the reference to “$3,500 (or $5,000 for Plan Years beginning after August 5, 1997)” where it appears and replacing it with “$1,000”.

2. Section 6.2(a)(ii)(B) of the Plan is hereby amended by deleting the reference to “$3,500 (or $5,000 for Plan Years beginning after August 5, 1997)” where it appears and replacing it with “$1,000”.

3. Section 9.4(c) of the Plan is hereby amended by deleting the reference to “$3,500 (or $5,000 for Plan Years beginning after August 5, 1997)” where it appears and replacing it with “$1,000”.

*  *  *  *  *

The Company has caused this Amendment No. 5 to be signed on the date indicated below, to be effective as indicated above.

 

    “Company”  
    CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP  
Dated: November 17, 2005     By:  

/s/ Michael M.Y. Chang

 
      Michael M.Y. Chang  
    Its:  

Secretary

 
EX-10.2.6 11 dex1026.htm AMENDMENT NO. 6 TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN Amendment No. 6 to the Amended and Restated Employee Stock Ownership Plan

Exhibit 10.2.6

AMENDMENT NO. 6

TO THE

CATHAY BANK EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN

Cathay General Bancorp (the “Company”) hereby amends the above-named plan (the “Plan”), effective as indicated below as follows:

1. The definition of “Hour of Service” in Section 1.2 of the Plan is hereby amended effective as of January 1, 2007, except as otherwise provided, by adding a new subsection (e) to read as follows:

“(e) Each hour for which an individual:

(i) employed by Great Eastern Bank (New York) (‘GEB’) on May 15, 2006 and who became an Employee on May 16, 2006, was paid by, or entitled to payment from, GEB, effective as of July 1, 2006 pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger among Cathay General Bancorp, Cathay Bank and Great Eastern Bank dated as of February 16, 2006;

(ii) employed by New Asia Bank (Chicago) (‘NAB’) on October 17, 2006 and who became an Employee on October 18, 2006, was paid by, or entitled to payment from, NAB; and

(iii) employed by United Heritage Bank (New Jersey) (‘UHB’) on March 30, 2007 and who became an Employee on April 1, 2007, was paid by, or entitled to payment from, UHB.”

2. Section 2.1 of the Plan is hereby amended effective as of January 1, 2007, except as otherwise provided, by adding a new subsection (c) to read as follows:

“(c) Despite any other provision of the Plan, each individual receiving prior service credit under subsection (e) of the definition of ‘Hour of Service’ in Section 1.2 shall be eligible to participate in the Plan on the applicable Entry Date following the date such individual became an Employee and otherwise completed two Years of Service, provided that he or she is still an Employee on such Entry Date; provided, however, that this Section 2.1(c) shall be effective as of July 1, 2006 for each individual receiving prior service credit under subsection (e)(i) of the definition of ‘Hour of Service’ in Section 1.2.”

*  *  *  *  *

The Company has caused this Amendment No. 6 to be signed on the date indicated below, to be effective as indicated above.

 

    “Company”
    CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP
Dated: June 29, 2007     By:  

/s/ Dunson K. Cheng

    Its:  

Chairman, President and CEO

EX-10.2.7 12 dex1027.htm AMENDMENT NO. 7 TO THE AMENDED AND RESTATED EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN Amendment No. 7 to the Amended and Restated Employee Stock Ownership Plan

Exhibit 10.2.7

AMENDMENT NO. 7

TO THE

CATHAY BANK EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLAN

Cathay General Bancorp (the “Company”) hereby amends the above-named plan (the “Plan”), effective as indicated below as follows:

ARTICLE I

PREAMBLE

1.1 Effective date and purpose. This Amendment is effective as of the dates set forth below, and is intended to incorporate provisions into the Plan required pursuant to the final Treasury Regulations issued under Section 415 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the Pension Protection Act of 2006, the Heroes Earnings Assistance and Relief Tax Act of 2008 (the “HEART Act”) and the Worker, Retiree and Employer Recovery Act of 2008.

1.2 Superseding of inconsistent provisions. This Amendment supersedes the provisions of the Plan to the extent those provisions are inconsistent with the provisions of this Amendment.

1.3 Construction and Use of Terms. Except as otherwise provided in this Amendment, any reference to “Section” in this Amendment refers only to sections within this Amendment, and is not a reference to the Plan. The Article and Section numbering in this Amendment is solely for purposes of this Amendment, and does not relate to any Plan article, section or other numbering designations. All capitalized terms used, but not defined herein, shall have the same meaning ascribed to them under the Plan.

ARTICLE II

FINAL REGULATIONS UNDER CODE SECTION 415

2.1 Application. This Article II is intended as good faith compliance with the final Treasury Regulations issued under Code Section 415 (the “Final Regulations”), and it should be construed accordingly. Further, Code Section 415 and the Final Regulations are hereby incorporated by reference. The provisions of this Article II shall be effective for Limitation Years beginning on or after July 1, 2007.

2.2 Limitations on Annual Additions. The limitations set forth below shall apply to the allocations to each Participant’s Accounts in any Plan Year. If the Annual Additions are exceeded for any Participant, then the Plan may correct such excess in accordance with the Employee Plans Compliance Resolution System (EPCRS) as set forth in Revenue Procedure 2006-27, or any superseding guidance, including, but not limited to, the preamble of the Final Regulations, or by any other method specifically permitted by the Internal Revenue Service.

2.2.1 As used in the Plan, a Participant’s “Annual Additions” shall mean the sum for any Plan Year of the following amounts allocated to a Participant’s Accounts:

(a) Such Participant’s share of Company’s contributions; plus

 

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(b) Such Participant’s share of any forfeitures; plus

(c) Such Participant’s allocable share of the Company’s contributions to any individual medical benefit account (within the meaning of Code Section 415(l)(2)) that is part of a pension or annuity plan maintained by the Company; plus

(d) With respect to any Participant who is a key employee, any amount that is derived from the Company’s contributions paid or accrued that are attributable to post-retirement medical benefits allocated to such Participant’s account under a welfare benefit fund (within the meaning of Code Section 419(e)) maintained by the Company; and plus

(e) Such Participant’s share of any allocations under a simplified employee pension maintained by the Company.

Any excess amount applied under Section 2.2.3 below in a Plan Year to reduce the Company contributions on behalf of any Participant shall be considered to be an Annual Addition for such Participant for such Plan Year.

2.2.2 Subject to the adjustments set forth below, and except for catch-up contributions under Code Section 414(v), during any Plan Year the maximum Annual Additions for any Participant shall in no event exceed the lesser of:

(a) $49,000, (for 2009) as adjusted by the cost of living adjustment factor prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury under Code Section 415(d); or

(b) 100% of the Participant’s Earnings for such Plan Year.

2.2.3 The earnings limitation referred to in Section 2.2.2(b) above shall not apply to (A) any contribution for medical benefits (within the meaning of Code Section 401(h) or 419A(f)(2)) after separation from service that is otherwise treated as an Annual Addition, or (B) any amount otherwise treated as an Annual Addition under Code Section 415(l)(1).

2.2.4 If, for any Plan Year, it is necessary to limit the Annual Additions of any Participant to comply with this Section 2.2, such methods as authorized pursuant to the Final Regulations shall be utilized.

2.2.5 The limitations of this Article with respect to any Participant who, at any time, has been a participant in any other defined contribution plan (whether or not terminated) or in more than one defined benefit plan (whether or not terminated) maintained by the Company shall apply as if all such defined contribution plans or all such defined benefit plans in which the Participant has been a participant were one plan.

 

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2.3 Post-Severance Compensation. In general, Earnings for a Limitation Year is the compensation actually paid or made available in gross income during such Limitation Year. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, Earnings for a Participant in a defined contribution plan who is permanently and totally disabled (as defined in Code Section 22(e)(3)) is the compensation such Participant would have received for the Limitation Year if the Participant had been paid at the rate of compensation paid immediately before becoming permanently and totally disabled if the conditions under the Final Regulations are met. In addition, for Limitation Years beginning in 2005, payments made within the later of (i) 2 1/2 months after severance from employment (within the meaning of Final Regulation Section 1.415(a)-1(f)(5)), or (ii) the end of the Limitation Year that contains the date of severance (the “Post Severance Period”) will be Earnings within the meaning of Code Section 415(c)(3) if they are payments that, absent a severance from employment, would have been paid to the Participant while the Participant continued in employment with the Company and are regular compensation for services during the Participant’s regular working hours, compensation for services outside the Participant’s regular working hours (such as overtime or shift differential), commissions, bonuses, or other similar compensation, and payments for accrued bona fide sick, vacation, or other leave, but only if the Participant would have been able to use the leave if employment had continued. In addition, Earnings includes amounts received by a Participant pursuant to a nonqualified unfunded deferred compensation plan, but only if the payment would have been paid to the Participant at the same time if the Participant had continued in employment with the Company and only to the extent that the payment is includable in the Participant’s gross income, and the amount is paid during the Post Severance Period. Any payments not described above are not considered Earnings if paid after severance from employment, even if they are paid within the Post Severance Period, except for payments (i) to an individual who does not currently perform services for the Company by reason of qualified military service (within the meaning of Code Section 414(u)(1)) to the extent these payments do not exceed the amounts the individual would have received if the individual had continued to perform services for the Company rather than entering qualified military service, or (ii) a Participant who is permanently and totally disabled (as defined in Code Section 22(e)(3)), provided that either the Participant is not a Highly Compensated Employee immediately before becoming disabled, or the Plan provides for the continuation of Earnings on behalf of all Participants who are permanently and totally disabled for a fixed and determinable period.

2.4 Definition of Annual Additions. The Plan’s definition of “Annual Additions” is modified as follows:

2.4.1 Restorative Payments. Annual Additions for purposes of Code Section 415 shall not include restorative payments. A restorative payment is a payment made to restore losses to the Plan resulting from actions by a fiduciary for which there is reasonable risk of liability for breach of a fiduciary duty under ERISA or under other applicable federal or state law, where Participants who are similarly situated are treated similarly with respect to the payments. Generally, payments are restorative payments only if the payments are made in order to restore some or all of the Plan’s losses due to an action (or a failure to act) that creates a reasonable risk of liability for such a breach of fiduciary duty (other than a breach of fiduciary duty arising from failure to remit contributions to the Plan). This includes payments to the Plan made pursuant to a Department of Labor order, the Department of Labor’s Voluntary Fiduciary Correction Program, or a court-approved settlement, to restore losses to a qualified defined contribution plan on account of the breach of fiduciary duty (other than a breach of fiduciary duty arising from failure to remit contributions to the Plan). Payments made to the Plan to make up for losses due merely to market fluctuations and other payments that are not made on account of a reasonable risk of liability for breach of a fiduciary duty under ERISA are not restorative payments and generally constitute contributions that are considered Annual Additions.

 

-3-


2.4.2 Other Amounts. Annual Additions for purposes of Code Section 415 shall not include: (1) the direct transfer of a benefit or employee contributions from a qualified plan to this Plan; (2) rollover contributions (as described in Code Sections 401(a)(31), 402(c)(1), 403(a)(4), 403(b)(8), 408(d)(3), and 457(e)(16)); (3) repayments of loans made to a Participant from the Plan; and (4) repayments of amounts described in Code Section 411(a)(7)(B) (in accordance with Code Section 411(a)(7)(C)) and Code Section 411(a)(3)(D) or repayment of contributions to a governmental plan (as defined in Code Section 414(d)) as described in Code Section 415(k)(3), as well as Company restorations of benefits that are required pursuant to such repayments.

2.5 Change of Limitation Year. The Limitation Year may only be changed by a Plan amendment. If the Plan is terminated effective as of a date other than the last day of a Limitation Year, the Plan is deemed to have been amended to change its Limitation Year to end on the Plan’s termination date. As a result of such deemed amendment, the Code Section 415(c)(1)(A) dollar limit shall be prorated under the short Limitation Year rules under the Final Regulations.

ARTICLE III

NON-SPOUSE BENEFICIARY DIRECT ROLLOVERS

3.1 Non-spouse beneficiary direct rollover. Effective for distributions on or after January 1, 2010, if a non-spouse beneficiary who is a distributee of any “eligible rollover distribution” (within the meaning of Code Section 401(a)(31)) (i) elects to have such distribution paid directly to an individual retirement account described in Code Sections 408(a) or 408(b) that is established for the purpose of receiving the distribution on behalf of a designated Beneficiary (as defined in Code Section 401(a)(9)(E)) who is a non-spouse beneficiary (a “Non-spouse IRA”) and (ii) specifies the Non-spouse IRA to which such distribution is to be paid (in such form and at such time as the Administrator may prescribe), then such distribution shall be made in the form of a direct trustee-to-trustee transfer to such Non-spouse IRA, provided that such Non-spouse IRA accepts such a transfer. The foregoing sentence shall apply only to the extent that such eligible rollover distribution would be includable in gross income if not transferred as provided in such sentence (determined without regard to Code Section 402(c)). The direct rollover must be made to a Non-spouse IRA on behalf of the designated beneficiary that will be treated as an inherited IRA pursuant to the provisions of Code Section 402(c)(11).

3.2 Required minimum distributions not eligible for rollover. A non-spouse beneficiary may not roll over an amount that is a required minimum distribution, as determined under applicable Treasury regulations and other Internal Revenue Service guidance. If the Participant dies before his or her required beginning date and the non-spouse beneficiary rolls over to Non-spouse IRA the maximum amount eligible for rollover, the beneficiary may elect to use either the 5-year rule or the life expectancy rule, pursuant to Treasury regulations Section 1.401(a)(9)-3, Q&A-4(c), in determining the required minimum distributions from the Non-spouse IRA that receives the non-spouse beneficiary’s distribution.

ARTICLE IV

ROLLOVER OF AFTER-TAX AMOUNTS

4.1 Direct rollover to qualified plan/403(b) plan. Effective for distributions on or after January 1, 2007, a Participant may elect to transfer employee after-tax contributions, if any, by means of a direct rollover to a qualified plan under Code Section 401(a) or to a 403(b) plan that agrees to account separately for amounts so transferred (including interest thereon), including accounting separately for the portion of such distribution which is includible in gross income and the portion of such distribution which is not includible in gross income.

 

-4-


ARTICLE V

NOTIFICATION FOR PARTICIPANT DISTRIBUTION

5.1 180-day notification period. Effective for distribution notices issued on or after January 1, 2007, any Plan provision requiring that the notice requirements of Code Sections 402(f) (the rollover notice), 411(a)(11) (Participant’s consent to distribution), and 417 (notice under the joint and survivor annuity rules) be implemented no more than 90 days prior to the annuity starting date may be implemented no more than 180 days prior to the annuity starting date.

5.2 Notice of right to defer distribution. Effective for distribution notices issued on or after January 1, 2007, the description of a Participant’s right, if any, to defer receipt of a distribution will include a description of the consequences of failing to defer receipt of the distribution.

ARTICLE VI

DIRECT ROLLOVER TO ROTH IRA

6.1 Roth IRA rollover. Effective for distributions made on and after January 1, 2008, a Participant may elect to roll over directly an eligible rollover distribution to a Roth IRA described in Code Section 408A(b).

ARTICLE VII

HEART ACT PROVISIONS

7.1 Death benefits. In the case of a death occurring on or after January 1, 2007, if a Participant dies while performing “Qualified Military Service” (as defined below), the survivors of the Participant shall be entitled to any additional benefits (other than benefit accruals relating to the period of Qualified Military Service) provided under the Plan as if the Participant had resumed and then terminated employment on account of death.

7.2 Continued benefit accruals. Continued benefit accruals under the Plan are not provided pursuant to the HEART Act.

7.3 Differential wage payments. Effective for Plan Years beginning after December 31, 2008, if an individual on Qualified Military Service receives a differential wage payment, (i) he or she shall be treated as an Employee of the Employer making the payment, (ii) the differential wage payment shall be treated as Compensation, and (iii) the Plan shall not be treated as failing to meet the requirements of any provision described in Code Section 414(u)(1)(C) by reason of any contribution or benefit that is based on the differential wage payment, provided, however, in the case of subsection (iii) above, the special nondiscrimination requirements of Code Section 414(u)(12)(C) are met. The special distribution rule of Code Section 414(u)(12)(B) shall also apply. For purposes of the foregoing, “differential wage payment” shall have the meaning given such term by Code Section 3401(h)(2).

7.4 Definition of “Qualified Military Service”. For purposes of this Article VII, “Qualified Military Service” shall mean any service in the uniformed services (as defined in Chapter 43 of Title 38, United States Code (“USERRA”)) by any Employee if such Employee is entitled to re-employment rights under USERRA with respect to such service.

 

-5-


ARTICLE VIII

REQUIRED MINIMUM DISTRIBUTIONS FOR 2009

8.1 Default to Continue 2009 Required Minimum Distributions. Effective as of January 1, 2009, notwithstanding Article XIV of the Plan, a Participant or Beneficiary who would have been required to receive required minimum distributions for 2009 but for the enactment of Code Section 401(a)(9)(H) (“2009 RMDs”), and who would have satisfied that requirement by receiving distributions that are (1) equal to the 2009 RMDs or (2) one or more payments in a series of substantially equal distributions (that include the 2009 RMDs) made at least annually and expected to last for the life (or life expectancy) of the Participant, the joint lives (or joint life expectancy) of the Participant and the Participant’s Beneficiary, or for a period of at least 10 years (“Extended 2009 RMDs”), will receive those distributions for 2009 unless the Participant or Beneficiary chooses not to receive such distributions. Participants and Beneficiaries described in the preceding sentence will be given the opportunity to elect to stop receiving the distributions described in the preceding sentence. In addition, notwithstanding Section 6.6(b) of the Plan, and solely for purposes of applying the direct rollover provisions of the Plan, certain additional distributions in 2009, as specified under Section 8.2 below, will be treated as Eligible Rollover Distributions.

8.2 Company Elections. For purposes of the direct rollover provisions in Section 6.6(a) of the Plan, the following will also be treated as Eligible Rollover Distributions in 2009: (Check one or none)

(a)        ¨        2009 RMDs and Extended 2009 RMDs.

(b)        ¨        2009 RMDs but only if paid with an additional amount that is an Eligible Rollover Distribution without regard to Code Section 401(a)(9)(H).

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if no election is made above, a direct rollover will be offered only for distributions that would be Eligible Rollover Distributions without regard to Code Section 401(a)(9)(H).

*  *  *  *  *

The Company has caused this Amendment No. 7 to be signed on the date indicated below, to be effective as indicated above.

 

    “Company”
    CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP
Dated: November 20, 2009     By:  

/s/ Dunson K. Cheng

    Its:  

Chairman, President & CEO

 

-6-

EX-10.9.2 13 dex1092.htm FORM OF CONSENT Form of Consent

Exhibit 10.9.2

CONSENT

I, the undersigned, hereby do consent to the adoption of the amendments to the “Benefit Plans” as defined in and as described in the attached resolutions adopted by the Executive Compensation Committee as and to the extent, and for the period, required by the provisions of Section 111 of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, as amended from time to time (“EESA”), applicable to participants in the Capital Purchase Program under EESA and the regulations issued by the Department of the Treasury as published in the Federal Register from time to time.

Agreed to and acknowledged as of February     , 2010.

                                                                         

[Name]


RECITALS

WHEREAS, Cathay General Bancorp, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”) has entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with the United States Department of Treasury (the “Agreement”) as part of the Capital Purchase Program under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, as amended (“EESA”);

WHEREAS, on February 17, 2009, the President signed into law the American Recovery Reinvestment Act of 2009 (“ARRA”), which amended EESA by deleting Section 111 in its entirety and replacing it with new Section 111 set forth in ARRA;

WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 1.2(d)(iv) of the Agreement and the provisions of EESA, the Company is required to amend its “Benefit Plans”, as defined in the Agreement , with respect to certain senior executive officers and other highly-compensated employees (“HCEs”) to the extent necessary to comply with Section 111 of EESA, as amended;

RESOLUTIONS

1. Compliance With Section 111 of EESA, as Amended. Each Benefit Plan is hereby amended, effective as of the date of the Agreement, by adding the following provision as a final section to such arrangement, which shall amend and restate the previous provision adopted by this Executive Compensation Committee on November 20, 2008 in connection with EESA:

Compliance With Section 111 of EESA, as Amended. Solely to the extent, and for the period, required by the provisions of Section 111 of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, as amended from time to time (“EESA”), applicable to participants in the Capital Purchase Program under EESA and the regulations issued by the Department of the Treasury thereunder: (a) each “senior executive officer” (as defined in and for purposes of Section 111 of EESA) who participates in this plan or is a party to this agreement shall be ineligible to receive compensation hereunder to the extent that the Executive Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company determines that such compensation may provide incentives for the senior executive officer to take unnecessary and excessive risks that threaten the value of the Company; (b) each senior executive officer and each other HCE (as defined herein) who participates in this plan or is a party to this agreement shall be required to return to the Company any bonus, retention award or incentive compensation paid to the senior executive officer or HCE hereunder based on statements of earnings, revenues, gains or other criteria that are later found to be materially inaccurate; (c) the Company is prohibited from making to each senior executive officer and to each other applicable HCE who participates in this plan or is a party to this agreement, and each such senior executive officer and HCE shall be ineligible to receive hereunder, any payment for departure from the Company for any reason, except for payments for services performed or benefits accrued (a “golden parachute payment” as defined in and for purposes of Section 111 of EESA); (d) the Company shall be prohibited from paying or accruing any bonus, retention award, or incentive compensation to any senior executive officer or to any other HCE specified in regulations issued by the Department of the Treasury under Section 111 of EESA, other than long-term restricted stock permitted under Section 111 of EESA and any bonus payment required to be paid pursuant to a written employment contract executed on or before February 11, 2009, and


determined to be valid by the Department of the Treasury; and (e) the Company shall be prohibited from providing (formally or informally) gross-ups to any senior executive officer or to any other HCE. For purposes of the forgoing, the term “HCE” shall mean each senior executive officer and each of the twenty next most highly-compensated employees of the Company after the senior executive officers, as determined under Section 111 of EESA (or such higher number of employees as may be specified in regulations issued by the Department of the Treasury under Section 111 of EESA. With respect to clause (c) above, the applicable HCEs shall be the senior executive officers and the five next most-highly compensated HCEs.”

2. Continuation of Affected Plans. Except as expressly or by necessary implication amended hereby, each Benefit Plan shall continue in full force and effect.

EX-12.1 14 dex121.htm COMPUTATION OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES Computation of Earnings to Fixed Charges

Exhibit 12.1

CATHAY GENERAL BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends

 

      For the Years Ended December 31,

(Dollars in thousands, except ratios)

   2009     2008    2007    2006    2005

(Loss)/income before income tax expense

   $ (129,302   $ 70,075    $ 196,660    $ 184,829    $ 166,481

Plus fixed charges

     247,540        299,477      309,114      214,664      112,432
                                   

Earnings

     118,238        369,552      505,774      399,493      278,913

Fixed charges

     247,540        299,477      309,114      214,664      112,432

Preferred stock dividends

     16,948        1,750      610      610      611
                                   

Fixed charges and preferred stock dividends

   $ 264,488      $ 301,227    $ 309,724    $ 215,274    $ 113,043

Ratio of earnings to fixed charges

     0.48        1.23      1.64      1.86      2.48

Ratio of earnings to fixed charges and preferred stock dividends

     0.45        1.23      1.63      1.86      2.47
                                   
EX-21.1 15 dex211.htm SUBSIDIARIES OF THE BANCORP Subsidiaries of the Bancorp

Exhibit 21.1

 

Subsidiaries of Cathay General Bancorp

   State of Incorporation

Cathay Bank

   California

Cathay Capital Trust I

   Delaware

Cathay Capital Trust II

   Delaware

Cathay Capital Trust III

   Delaware

Cathay Capital Trust IV

   Delaware

Cathay Statutory Trust I

   Connecticut

GBC Venture Capital, Inc.

   California

Subsidiaries of Cathay Bank

    

Cathay Community Development Corporation

   California

Cathay Real Estate Investment Trust

   Maryland

GB Capital Trust II

   Maryland

GBC Real Estate Investments, Inc.

   California

Cathay Holdings LLC

   Texas

Cathay Holdings 2, LLC

   Texas

Cathay Holding 3, LLC

   Texas
EX-23.1 16 dex231.htm CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors

Cathay General Bancorp:

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statements (Nos. 33-33767, 333-133570, 333-156552, 333-161591, 333-162445 and 333-163070) on Form S-3 and the registration statements (Nos. 333-87225, 333-110008, 333-110009 and 333-127762) on Form S-8 of Cathay General Bancorp and subsidiaries (the “Company”) of our reports dated March 16, 2010, with respect to the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2009 and 2008, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2009, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2009, which reports appear in the December 31, 2009 annual report on Form 10-K of Cathay General Bancorp.

/s/     KPMG LLP

Los Angeles, California

March 16, 2010

EX-24.1 17 dex241.htm POWER OF ATTORNEY Power of Attorney

Exhibit 24.1

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Dunson K. Cheng and Heng W. Chen, jointly and severally, his attorneys-in-fact, each with the power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

 

Signature

  

Title

 

Date

/s/ Dunson K. Cheng

Dunson K. Cheng

  

President, Chairman of

the Board, Director, and Chief

Executive Officer

  February 25, 2010

/s/ Peter Wu

Peter Wu

   Director   February 25, 2010

/s/ Anthony M. Tang

Anthony M. Tang

   Director   February 25, 2010

/s/ Kelly L. Chan

Kelly L. Chan

   Director   February 25, 2010

/s/ Michael M.Y. Chang

Michael M.Y. Chang

   Director   February 25, 2010

/s/ Thomas C.T. Chiu

Thomas C.T. Chiu

   Director   February 25, 2010

/s/ Nelson Chung

Nelson Chung

   Director   February 25, 2010

/s/ Patrick S.D. Lee

Patrick S.D. Lee

   Director   February 25, 2010

/s/ Ting Liu

Ting Liu

   Director   February 25, 2010

/s/ Joseph C.H. Poon

Joseph C.H. Poon

   Director   February 25, 2010

/s/ Thomas G. Tartaglia

Thomas G. Tartaglia

   Director   February 25, 2010
EX-31.1 18 dex3111.htm CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302

Exhibit 31.1

 

I, Dunson K. Cheng, certify that:

 

  1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Cathay General Bancorp;

 

  2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

  3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

  4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have:

 

  a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

  c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

  5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

  b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

By:

 

/s/    DUNSON K. CHENG    

  Dunson K. Cheng
  President and Chief Executive Officer

 

Date: March 16, 2010

EX-31.2 19 dex312.htm CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302

Exhibit 31.2

 

I, Heng W. Chen, certify that:

 

  1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Cathay General Bancorp;

 

  2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

  3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

  4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have:

 

  a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

  c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

  5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

  b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

By:   /s/    HENG W. CHEN    
  Heng W. Chen
 

Executive Vice President

and Chief Financial Officer

 

Date: March 16, 2010

EX-32.1 20 dex3211.htm CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906

Exhibit 32.1

 

CEO CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

In connection with the Annual Report of Cathay General Bancorp (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2009 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Dunson K. Cheng, chief executive officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

 

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

By:   /s/    DUNSON K. CHENG    
  Dunson K. Cheng
 

President and

Chief Executive Officer

 

Date: March 16, 2010

 

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.2 21 dex322.htm CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906

Exhibit 32.2

 

CFO CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

In connection with the Annual Report of Cathay General Bancorp (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2009 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Heng W. Chen, chief financial officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

 

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

By:   /s/    HENG W. CHEN    
  Heng W. Chen
 

Executive Vice President

and Chief Financial Officer

 

Date: March 16, 2010

 

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-99.1 22 dex991.htm FIRST FISCAL YEAR CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER - SECTION 111(B) First Fiscal Year Certification of Principal Executive Officer - Section 111(b)

Exhibit 99.1

First Fiscal Year Certification of the Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 111(b) of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, as Amended (EESA)

I, Dunson K. Cheng, certify, based on my knowledge, that:

(i) The compensation committee of Cathay General Bancorp has discussed, reviewed, and evaluated with senior risk officers at least every six months during the period beginning on the later of September 14, 2009, or ninety days after the closing date of the agreement between Cathay General Bancorp and Treasury and ending with the last day of Cathay General Bancorp’s fiscal year containing that date (the applicable period), the senior executive officer (SEO) compensation plans and the employee compensation plans and the risks these plans pose to Cathay General Bancorp;

(ii) The compensation committee of Cathay General Bancorp has identified and limited during the applicable period any features of the SEO compensation plans that could lead SEOs to take unnecessary and excessive risks that could threaten the value of Cathay General Bancorp, and during that same applicable period has identified any features of the employee compensation plans that pose risks to Cathay General Bancorp and has limited those features to ensure that Cathay General Bancorp is not unnecessarily exposed to risks;

(iii) The compensation committee has reviewed, at least every six months during the applicable period, the terms of each employee compensation plan and identified any features of the plan that could encourage the manipulation of reported earnings of Cathay General Bancorp to enhance the compensation of an employee, and has limited any such features;

(iv) The compensation committee of Cathay General Bancorp will certify to the reviews of the SEO compensation plans and employee compensation plans required under (i) and (iii) above;

(v) The compensation committee of Cathay General Bancorp will provide a narrative description of how it limited during any part of the most recently completed fiscal year that included a TARP period the features in (A) SEO compensation plans that could lead SEOs to take unnecessary and excessive risks that could threaten the value of Cathay General Bancorp; (B) Employee compensation plans that unnecessarily expose Cathay General Bancorp to risks; and (C) Employee compensation plans that could encourage the manipulation of reported earnings of Cathay General Bancorp to enhance the compensation of an employee;

(vi) Cathay General Bancorp has required that bonus payments, as defined in the regulations and guidance established under section 111 of EESA (bonus payments), of the SEOs and twenty next most highly compensated employees be subject to a recovery or “clawback” provision during any part of the most recently completed fiscal year that


was a TARP period if the bonus payments were based on materially inaccurate financial statements or any other materially inaccurate performance metric criteria;

(vii) Cathay General Bancorp has prohibited any golden parachute payment, as defined in the regulations and guidance established under section 111 of EESA, to an SEO or any of the next five most highly compensated employees during the period beginning on the later of the closing date of the agreement between Cathay General Bancorp and Treasury or June 15, 2009 and ending with the last day of Cathay General Bancorp’s fiscal year containing that date;

(viii) Cathay General Bancorp has limited bonus payments to its applicable employees in accordance with section 111 of EESA and the regulations and guidance established thereunder during the period beginning on the later of the closing date of the agreement between Cathay General Bancorp and Treasury or June 15, 2009 and ending with the last day of Cathay General Bancorp’s fiscal year containing that date;

(ix) The board of directors of Cathay General Bancorp has established an excessive or luxury expenditures policy, as defined in the regulations and guidance established under section 111 of EESA, by the later of September 14, 2009, or ninety days after the closing date of the agreement between Cathay General Bancorp and Treasury; this policy has been provided to Treasury and its primary regulatory agency; Cathay General Bancorp and its employees have complied with this policy during the applicable period; and any expenses that, pursuant to this policy, required approval of the board of directors, a committee of the board of directors, an SEO, or an executive officer with a similar level of responsibility were properly approved;

(x) Cathay General Bancorp will permit a non-binding shareholder resolution in compliance with any applicable Federal securities rules and regulations on the disclosures provided under the Federal securities laws related to SEO compensation paid or accrued during the period beginning on the later of the closing date of the agreement between Cathay General Bancorp and Treasury or June 15, 2009 and ending with the last day of Cathay General Bancorp’s fiscal year containing that date;

(xi) Cathay General Bancorp will disclose the amount, nature, and justification for the offering during the period beginning on the later of the closing date of the agreement between Cathay General Bancorp and Treasury or June 15, 2009 and ending with the last day of Cathay General Bancorp’s fiscal year containing that date of any perquisites, as defined in the regulations and guidance established under section 111 of EESA, whose total value exceeds $25,000 for any employee who is subject to the bonus payment limitations identified in paragraph (viii);

(xii) Cathay General Bancorp will disclose whether Cathay General Bancorp, the board of directors of Cathay General Bancorp, or the compensation committee of Cathay General Bancorp has engaged during the period beginning on the later of the closing date of the agreement between Cathay General Bancorp and Treasury or June 15, 2009 and ending with the last day of Cathay General Bancorp’s fiscal year containing that date, a


compensation consultant; and the services the compensation consultant or any affiliate of the compensation consultant provided during this period;

(xiii) Cathay General Bancorp has prohibited the payment of any grossups, as defined in the regulations and guidance established under section 111 of EESA, to the SEOs and the next twenty most highly compensated employees during the period beginning on the later of the closing date of the agreement between Cathay General Bancorp and Treasury or June 15, 2009 and ending with the last day of Cathay General Bancorp’s fiscal year containing that date;

(xiv) Cathay General Bancorp has substantially complied with all other requirements related to employee compensation that are provided in the agreement between Cathay General Bancorp and Treasury, including any amendments;

(xv) Cathay General Bancorp has submitted to Treasury a complete and accurate list of the SEOs and the twenty next most highly compensated employees for the current fiscal year and the most recently completed fiscal year, with the non-SEOs ranked in descending order of level of annual compensation, and with the name, title, and employer of each SEO and most highly compensated employee identified; and

(xvi) I understand that a knowing and willful false or fraudulent statement made in connection with this certification may be punished by fine, imprisonment, or both. (See, for example, 18 U.S.C. 1001.)

Date: March 16, 2010

 

/s/ DUNSON K. CHENG

Dunson K. Cheng

Chairman, President, and

Chief Executive Officer

EX-99.2 23 dex992.htm FIRST FISCAL YEAR CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER -SECTION 111(B) First Fiscal Year Certification of Principal Financial Officer -Section 111(b)

Exhibit 99.2

First Fiscal Year Certification of the Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 111(b) of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, as amended (EESA)

I, Heng W. Chen, certify, based on my knowledge, that:

(i) The compensation committee of Cathay General Bancorp has discussed, reviewed, and evaluated with senior risk officers at least every six months during the period beginning on the later of September 14, 2009, or ninety days after the closing date of the agreement between Cathay General Bancorp and Treasury and ending with the last day of Cathay General Bancorp’s fiscal year containing that date (the applicable period), the senior executive officer (SEO) compensation plans and the employee compensation plans and the risks these plans pose to Cathay General Bancorp;

(ii) The compensation committee of Cathay General Bancorp has identified and limited during the applicable period any features of the SEO compensation plans that could lead SEOs to take unnecessary and excessive risks that could threaten the value of Cathay General Bancorp, and during that same applicable period has identified any features of the employee compensation plans that pose risks to Cathay General Bancorp and has limited those features to ensure that Cathay General Bancorp is not unnecessarily exposed to risks;

(iii) The compensation committee has reviewed, at least every six months during the applicable period, the terms of each employee compensation plan and identified any features of the plan that could encourage the manipulation of reported earnings of Cathay General Bancorp to enhance the compensation of an employee, and has limited any such features;

(iv) The compensation committee of Cathay General Bancorp will certify to the reviews of the SEO compensation plans and employee compensation plans required under (i) and (iii) above;

(v) The compensation committee of Cathay General Bancorp will provide a narrative description of how it limited during any part of the most recently completed fiscal year that included a TARP period the features in (A) SEO compensation plans that could lead SEOs to take unnecessary and excessive risks that could threaten the value of Cathay General Bancorp; (B) Employee compensation plans that unnecessarily expose Cathay General Bancorp to risks; and (C) Employee compensation plans that could encourage the manipulation of reported earnings of Cathay General Bancorp to enhance the compensation of an employee;

(vi) Cathay General Bancorp has required that bonus payments, as defined in the regulations and guidance established under section 111 of EESA (bonus payments), of the SEOs and twenty next most highly compensated employees be subject to a recovery or “clawback” provision during any part of the most recently completed fiscal year that


was a TARP period if the bonus payments were based on materially inaccurate financial statements or any other materially inaccurate performance metric criteria;

(vii) Cathay General Bancorp has prohibited any golden parachute payment, as defined in the regulations and guidance established under section 111 of EESA, to an SEO or any of the next five most highly compensated employees during the period beginning on the later of the closing date of the agreement between Cathay General Bancorp and Treasury or June 15, 2009 and ending with the last day of Cathay General Bancorp’s fiscal year containing that date;

(viii) Cathay General Bancorp has limited bonus payments to its applicable employees in accordance with section 111 of EESA and the regulations and guidance established thereunder during the period beginning on the later of the closing date of the agreement between Cathay General Bancorp and Treasury or June 15, 2009 and ending with the last day of Cathay General Bancorp’s fiscal year containing that date;

(ix) The board of directors of Cathay General Bancorp has established an excessive or luxury expenditures policy, as defined in the regulations and guidance established under section 111 of EESA, by the later of September 14, 2009, or ninety days after the closing date of the agreement between Cathay General Bancorp and Treasury; this policy has been provided to Treasury and its primary regulatory agency; Cathay General Bancorp and its employees have complied with this policy during the applicable period; and any expenses that, pursuant to this policy, required approval of the board of directors, a committee of the board of directors, an SEO, or an executive officer with a similar level of responsibility were properly approved;

(x) Cathay General Bancorp will permit a non-binding shareholder resolution in compliance with any applicable Federal securities rules and regulations on the disclosures provided under the Federal securities laws related to SEO compensation paid or accrued during the period beginning on the later of the closing date of the agreement between Cathay General Bancorp and Treasury or June 15, 2009 and ending with the last day of Cathay General Bancorp’s fiscal year containing that date;

(xi) Cathay General Bancorp will disclose the amount, nature, and justification for the offering during the period beginning on the later of the closing date of the agreement between Cathay General Bancorp and Treasury or June 15, 2009 and ending with the last day of Cathay General Bancorp’s fiscal year containing that date of any perquisites, as defined in the regulations and guidance established under section 111 of EESA, whose total value exceeds $25,000 for any employee who is subject to the bonus payment limitations identified in paragraph (viii);

(xii) Cathay General Bancorp will disclose whether Cathay General Bancorp, the board of directors of Cathay General Bancorp, or the compensation committee of Cathay General Bancorp has engaged during the period beginning on the later of the closing date of the agreement between Cathay General Bancorp and Treasury or June 15, 2009 and ending with the last day of Cathay General Bancorp’s fiscal year containing that date, a


compensation consultant; and the services the compensation consultant or any affiliate of the compensation consultant provided during this period;

(xiii) Cathay General Bancorp has prohibited the payment of any grossups, as defined in the regulations and guidance established under section 111 of EESA, to the SEOs and the next twenty most highly compensated employees during the period beginning on the later of the closing date of the agreement between Cathay General Bancorp and Treasury or June 15, 2009 and ending with the last day of Cathay General Bancorp’s fiscal year containing that date;

(xiv) Cathay General Bancorp has substantially complied with all other requirements related to employee compensation that are provided in the agreement between Cathay General Bancorp and Treasury, including any amendments;

(xv) Cathay General Bancorp has submitted to Treasury a complete and accurate list of the SEOs and the twenty next most highly compensated employees for the current fiscal year and the most recently completed fiscal year, with the non-SEOs ranked in descending order of level of annual compensation, and with the name, title, and employer of each SEO and most highly compensated employee identified; and

(xvi) I understand that a knowing and willful false or fraudulent statement made in connection with this certification may be punished by fine, imprisonment, or both. (See, for example, 18 U.S.C. 1001.)

Date: March 16, 2010

 

/s/ HENG W. CHEN

Heng W. Chen

Executive Vice President, and

Chief Financial Officer

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-----END PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE-----