20-F 1 d20f.htm ANNUAL REPORT Annual Report
Table of Contents

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 19, 2008

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 20-F

 

¨ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008

OR

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period                      to                     

OR

¨ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report

Commission file number 333-11072

 

KABUSHIKI KAISHA MITSUBISHI TOKYO UFJ GINKO

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD.

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Japan

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

7-1, Marunouchi 2-chome

Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8388

Japan

(Address of principal executive offices)

Susumu Tsukahara, +81-3-3240-1111, +81-3-3240-5429, address is same as above

(Name, Telephone, Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

$1,934,700,000 aggregate principal amount of 8.40% Global Senior Subordinated Notes due April 15, 2010

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:

At March 31, 2007, (1) 10,257,961,942 shares of common stock and (2) 357,700,000 shares of preferred stock were issued.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes   ¨    No   x

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes   ¨    No   x

Note—Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days:

Yes   x    No   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer  ¨    Accelerated filer  ¨    Non-accelerated filer  x

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP  x    

  

International Financial Reporting Standards as issued
by the International Accounting Standards Board  ¨

  

    Other  ¨

Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow:

Item 17   ¨    Item 18   x

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes   ¨    No   x

 

 


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

           Page

Forward-Looking Statements

   3

Item 1.

   Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors    4

Item 2.

   Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable    4

Item 3.

   Key Information    4

Item 4.

   Information on the Company    18

Item 4A.

   Unresolved Staff Comments    39

Item 5.

   Operating and Financial Review and Prospects    40

Item 6.

   Directors, Senior Management and Employees    93

Item 7.

   Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions    102

Item 8.

   Financial Information    104

Item 9.

   The Offer and Listing    105

Item 10.

   Additional Information    105

Item 11.

   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk    116

Item 12.

   Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities    126

Item 13.

   Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies    127

Item 14.

   Material Modifications of the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds    127

Item 15.

   Controls and Procedures    127

Item 16A.

   Audit Committee Financial Expert    128

Item 16B.

   Code of Ethics    128

Item 16C.

   Principal Accountant Fees and Services    129

Item 16D.

   Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees    130

Item 16E.

   Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers    130

Item 17.

   Financial Statements    131

Item 18.

   Financial Statements    131

Item 19.

   Exhibits    131

Selected Statistical Data

   A-1

Consolidated Financial Statements

   F-1

 

For purposes of this Annual Report, we have presented our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or US GAAP, except for risk-adjusted capital ratios, business segment financial information and some other specifically identified information. Unless otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, all amounts in our financial statements are expressed in Japanese yen.

 

When we refer in this Annual Report to “we,” “us,” “our” and “BTMU,” we generally mean The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. and its consolidated subsidiaries, but from time to time as the context requires, we mean The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. as an individual legal entity. Similarly, references to “UFJ Bank” are to UFJ Bank Limited as well as UFJ Bank Limited and its consolidated subsidiaries, as the context requires. References in this Annual Report to “yen” or “¥” are to Japanese yen and references to “US dollars,” “US dollar,” “dollars,” “US$” or “$” are to United States dollars. Our fiscal year ends on March 31 of each year. References to years not specified as being fiscal years are to calendar years.

 

We usually hold the ordinary general meeting of shareholders in June of each year in Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo.

 

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Forward-Looking Statements

 

We may from time to time make written or oral forward-looking statements. Written forward-looking statements may appear in documents filed with or submitted to the US Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, including this Annual Report, and other reports to shareholders and other communications.

 

The US Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” for forward-looking information to encourage companies to provide prospective information about themselves. We rely on this safe harbor in making these forward-looking statements.

 

Forward-looking statements appear in a number of places in this Annual Report and include statements regarding our intent, business plan, targets, belief or current expectations and/or the current belief or current expectations of our management with respect to our results of operations and financial condition, including, among other matters, our problem loans and loan losses. In many, but not all cases, we use words such as “anticipate,” “aim,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “probability,” “risk” and similar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, to identify forward-looking statements. These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those which are anticipated, aimed, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned, or otherwise stated.

 

Our forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ from those in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. We identify in this Annual Report in “Item 3.D. Key Information—Risk Factors,” “Item 4.B. Information on the Company—Business Overview,” “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and elsewhere, some, but not necessarily all, of the important factors that could cause these differences.

 

We do not intend to update our forward-looking statements. We are under no obligation, and disclaim any obligation, to update or alter our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 

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PART I

 

Item 1.    Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors.

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 2.    Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable.

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 3.    Key Information.

 

A.    Selected Financial Data

 

The selected statement of operations data and selected balance sheet data set forth below have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. On October 1, 2005, Mitsubishi Tokyo Financial Group, Inc., or MTFG, the parent company of The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd., or BTM, merged with UFJ Holdings, Inc., or UFJ Holdings, the parent company of UFJ Bank Limited, or UFJ Bank, with MTFG being the surviving entity. Upon consummation of the merger, MTFG changed its name to Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. The merger was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting, and the assets and liabilities of UFJ Holdings and its subsidiaries were recorded at fair value as of October 1, 2005. Therefore, although the merger of BTM with UFJ Bank occurred and BTM changed its name to The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., or BTMU, on January 1, 2006, the results of operations of UFJ Bank and its subsidiaries have been included in our consolidated financial statements since October 1, 2005. Numbers as of and for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2004 and 2005 reflect the financial position and results of BTM and its subsidiaries only. Numbers as of March 31, 2006 reflect the financial position of BTMU while numbers for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 comprised the results of BTM and its subsidiaries for the six months ended September 30, 2005 and the results of BTMU from October 1, 2005 to March 31, 2006. Numbers as of and for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008 reflect the financial position and results of BTMU. See note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for more information.

 

Except for risk-adjusted capital ratios, which are calculated in accordance with Japanese banking regulations based on information derived from our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with Japanese GAAP, and the average balance information, the selected financial data set forth below are derived from our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with US GAAP.

 

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You should read the selected financial data set forth below in conjunction with “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and our consolidated financial statements and other financial data included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 20-F. These data are qualified in their entirety by reference to all of that information.

 

    Fiscal years ended March 31,  
    2004     2005     2006     2007     2008  
    (in millions, except per share data and number of shares)  

Statement of operations data:

         

Interest income

  ¥ 1,116,300     ¥ 1,194,507     ¥ 2,249,309     ¥ 3,444,360     ¥ 3,693,822  

Interest expense

    337,544       388,098       728,762       1,279,212       1,579,299  
                                       

Net interest income

    778,756       806,409       1,520,547       2,165,148       2,114,523  

Provision (credit) for credit losses

    (142,617 )     123,945       163,416       341,570       407,238  
                                       

Net interest income after provision (credit) for credit losses

    921,373       682,464       1,357,131       1,823,578       1,707,285  

Non-interest income

    973,689       795,682       556,849       1,220,453       1,213,585  

Non-interest expense

    1,028,304       954,258       1,616,828       2,172,027       2,886,882  
                                       

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

    866,758       523,888       297,152       872,004       33,988  

Income tax expense

    331,103       237,296       68,921       410,299       490,309  
                                       

Income (loss) from continuing operations before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

    535,655       286,592       228,231       461,705       (456,321 )

Income (loss) from discontinued operations—net

    1,946       1,493       8,973       (817 )     (1,746 )

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, net of tax(1)

          (977 )     (8,425 )            
                                       

Net income (loss)

  ¥ 537,601     ¥ 287,108     ¥ 228,779     ¥ 460,888     ¥ (458,067 )
                                       

Net income (loss) available to a common shareholder

  ¥ 527,528     ¥ 280,392     ¥ 221,780     ¥ 449,925     ¥ (464,348 )
                                       

Amounts per share:

         

Basic earnings (loss) per common share—income (loss) from continuing operations available to a common shareholder before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

  ¥ 104.72     ¥ 55.76     ¥ 30.64     ¥ 44.89     ¥ (45.10 )

Basic earnings (loss) per common share—net income (loss) available to a common shareholder

    105.10       55.87       30.72       44.81       (45.27 )

Diluted earnings (loss) per common share—income (loss) from continuing operations available to a common shareholder before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

    104.43       55.50       27.01       44.21       (45.10 )

Diluted earnings (loss) per common share—net income (loss) available to a common shareholder

    104.81       55.61       27.07       44.13       (45.27 )

Number of shares used to calculate basic earnings (loss) per common share (in thousands)

    5,019,470       5,019,470       7,219,739       10,041,800       10,257,962  

Number of shares used to calculate diluted earnings (loss) per common share (in thousands)

    5,019,470       5,019,470       8,119,446 (2)     10,289,317 (2)     10,257,962  

Cash dividends per share declared during the fiscal year:

         

—Common share

  ¥ 7.73     ¥ 34.71     ¥ 157.21     ¥ 43.52     ¥ 44.19  
  $ 0.07     $ 0.32     $ 1.33     $ 0.37     $ 0.39  

—Preferred share (Class 1)

  ¥ 123.75     ¥ 82.50     ¥ 41.25              
  $ 1.07     $ 0.78     $ 0.38              

—Preferred share (Class 2)

              ¥ 36.42     ¥ 60.00     ¥ 60.00  
              $ 0.31     $ 0.51     $ 0.52  

—Preferred share (Class 3)

                    ¥ 23.85     ¥ 15.90  
                    $ 0.21     $ 0.14  

—Preferred share (Class 4)

                    ¥ 18.60        
                    $ 0.16        

—Preferred share (Class 5)

                    ¥ 19.40        
                    $ 0.17        
    At March 31,  
    2004     2005     2006     2007     2008  
    (in millions)  

Balance sheet data:

         

Total assets

  ¥ 85,058,552     ¥ 92,050,299     ¥ 158,825,706     ¥ 153,605,242     ¥ 152,079,231  

Loans, net of allowance for credit losses

    39,113,565       42,686,305       84,923,276       85,130,539       88,729,093  

Total liabilities

    82,286,419       88,883,714       150,556,223       144,919,111       145,413,533  

Deposits

    58,369,249       60,224,192       114,062,281       113,386,103       115,402,156  

Long-term debt

    5,086,993       5,196,388       11,925,838       12,263,205       11,651,570  

Total shareholder’s equity

    2,772,133       3,166,585       8,269,483       8,686,131       6,665,698  

Common stock

    749,873       749,873       871,973       871,973       871,973  

 

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     Fiscal years ended March 31,  
     2004     2005     2006     2007     2008  
     (in millions, except percentages)  
     (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)  

Other financial data:

          

Average balances:

          

Interest-earning assets

   ¥ 72,394,249     ¥ 82,220,483     ¥ 112,023,359     ¥ 140,731,722     ¥ 141,312,806  

Interest-bearing liabilities

     67,026,490       75,632,995       98,073,940       119,077,306       122,819,930  

Total assets

     83,474,334       92,584,867       132,835,133       154,208,262       155,527,958  

Total shareholder’s equity

     2,398,816       2,769,260       5,485,014       8,481,891       8,061,817  
     (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)  

Return on equity and assets:

          

Net income (loss) available to a common shareholder as a percentage of total average assets

     0.63 %     0.30 %     0.17 %     0.29 %     (0.30) %

Net income (loss) available to a common shareholder as a percentage of total average shareholder’s equity

     21.99 %     10.13 %     4.04 %     5.30 %     (5.76) %

Dividends per common share as a percentage of basic earnings per common share

     7.35 %     62.13 %     511.75 %     97.12 %     (3)

Total average shareholder’s equity as a percentage of total average assets

     2.87 %     2.99 %     4.13 %     5.50 %     5.18 %

Net interest income as a percentage of total average interest-earning assets

     1.08 %     0.98 %     1.36 %     1.54 %     1.50 %

Credit quality data:

          

Allowance for credit losses

   ¥ 649,339     ¥ 567,651     ¥ 912,997     ¥ 993,527     ¥ 1,050,738  

Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of loans

     1.63 %     1.31 %     1.06 %     1.15 %     1.17 %

Nonaccrual and restructured loans, and accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more

   ¥ 1,229,157     ¥ 1,005,049     ¥ 1,850,892     ¥ 1,531,753     ¥ 1,573,801  

Nonaccrual and restructured loans, and accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more as a percentage of loans

     3.09 %     2.32 %     2.16 %     1.78 %     1.75 %

Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of nonaccrual and restructured loans, and accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more

     52.83 %     56.48 %     49.33 %     64.86 %     66.76 %

Net loan charge-offs

   ¥ 247,429     ¥ 209,446     ¥ 107,756     ¥ 265,246     ¥ 344,047  
     (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)     (unaudited)  

Net loan charge-offs as a percentage of average loans

     0.61 %     0.49 %     0.17 %     0.31 %     0.39 %

Average interest rate spread

     1.04 %     0.94 %     1.27 %     1.38 %     1.32 %

Risk-adjusted capital ratio calculated under Japanese GAAP(4)

     11.97 %     11.83 %     12.48 %     12.77 %(5)     11.20 %

 

Notes:

(1)   Effective April 1, 2004, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation, or FIN, No. 46 (revised December 2003), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB No. 51.” Effective March 31, 2006, we adopted FIN No. 47, “Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations, an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 143.”
(2)   Includes the common shares potentially issuable by conversion of the Class 3, Class 4, and Class 5 Preferred Stock.
(3)   Percentages of basic loss per common share have not been presented because such information is not meaningful.
(4)   Risk-adjusted capital ratios have been calculated in accordance with Japanese banking regulations, based on information derived from our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with Japanese GAAP.
(5)   Risk-adjusted capital ratio at March 31, 2007 has been restated from 12.83% to 12.77%.

 

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Exchange Rate Information

 

The tables below set forth, for each period indicated, the noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfers in Japanese yen as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, expressed in Japanese yen per US$1.00. On September 17, 2008, the noon buying rate was US$1.00 equals ¥104.71 and the inverse noon buying rate was ¥100 equals US$0.96.

 

     Year 2008
     March    April    May    June    July    August    September(1)

High

   103.99    104.56    105.52    108.29    108.19    110.48    108.85

Low

   96.88    100.87    103.01    104.41    104.64    107.59    104.71

 

(1)   Period from September 1, 2008 to September 17, 2008

 

     Fiscal years ended March 31,
     2004    2005    2006    2007    2008

Average (of month-end rates)

   ¥ 112.75    ¥ 107.28    ¥ 113.67    ¥ 116.55    ¥ 113.61

 

B.    Capitalization and Indebtedness

 

Not applicable.

 

C.    Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

 

Not applicable.

 

D.    Risk Factors

 

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below as well as all the other information in this Annual Report, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes, “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects,” “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk” and “Selected Statistical Data.”

 

Our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected by any of the factors discussed below. The trading price of our securities could decline due to any of these factors. This Annual Report also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including the risks faced by us described below and elsewhere in this Annual Report. See “Forward-Looking Statements.”

 

Risks Related to Our Business

 

We have experienced and may continue to experience difficulty integrating our IT system and other aspects of our operations with those of the UFJ Bank and, as a result, may have difficulty achieving the benefits expected from the integration.

 

Since our merger with UFJ Bank, which was completed in January 2006, we have been implementing a business integration plan that is complex, time-consuming and costly. Achieving the targeted revenue synergies and cost savings is dependent on the successful implementation of the integration plan. We may not succeed in addressing the risks or other problems encountered in the ongoing integration process. In particular, as part of our integration process, we are currently undertaking a significant project to fully integrate the IT systems of the two banks. We commenced the integration of the two systems into a new common IT system in the first half of calendar year 2008 and has since encountered some system problems. These and other problems in the ongoing integration process may cause us to incur significant costs, preventing us from achieving the previously announced cost reduction targets as scheduled. Those problems could also severely damage our reputation. In addition, previously

 

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expected revenue synergies may not materialize in the expected time period if we fail to address any problems that arise in the ongoing integration process. If we are unable to resolve smoothly any problems that arise in the ongoing integration process, our business, results of operations, financial condition and stock price may be materially and adversely affected.

 

If the goodwill recorded in connection with our recent acquisitions, including the merger with UFJ Bank, becomes impaired, we may be required to record impairment charges, which may adversely affect our financial results and the price of our securities.

 

In accordance with US GAAP, we have accounted for our recent acquisitions, including the merger with UFJ Bank and the acquisition of additional shares in kabu.com Securities Co., Ltd., using the purchase method of accounting. We recorded the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the assets and liabilities of the acquired companies as goodwill. US GAAP requires us to test goodwill for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill may be impaired. Goodwill is tested by initially estimating fair value and then comparing it against the carrying amount. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, we are required to record an impairment loss. The amount of impairment and the remaining amount of goodwill, if any, is determined by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit as of the test date against the fair value of the assets and liabilities of that reporting unit as of the same date.

 

The recent global financial market instability negatively affected the fair value of our reporting units for purposes of our periodic testing of goodwill for impairment. As a result we recorded a significant amount of impairment of goodwill in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. As of March 31, 2008, we recorded goodwill of ¥970.4 billion. The amount of goodwill is expected to increase if we acquire additional shares of common stock of UnionBanCal Corporation, or UNBC, through our tender offer that is scheduled to expire on September 26, 2008, unless extended, and the planned subsequent merger. We may be required to record additional impairment charges relating to goodwill in future periods if the fair value of any of our reporting units declines below its assets and liabilities. Any additional impairment charges will negatively affect our financial results, and the price of our securities could be adversely affected. For a detailed discussion of the goodwill recorded and our periodic testing of goodwill for impairment, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Critical Accounting Estimates—Accounting for Goodwill and Intangible Assets” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financial Condition—Goodwill.”

 

We may suffer additional credit-related losses in the future due to problem loans.

 

When we loan money or commit to loan money, we incur credit risk, or the risk of losses if our borrowers do not repay their loans. We may incur credit losses or have to provide for additional allowance for credit losses if:

 

   

large borrowers become insolvent or must be restructured;

 

   

domestic or global economic conditions, either generally or in particular industries in which large borrowers operate, deteriorate;

 

   

the value of the collateral we hold, such as real estate or securities, declines; or

 

   

we are adversely affected by other factors to an extent that is worse than anticipated.

 

If actual loan losses are higher than currently expected, the current allowances for credit losses will be insufficient. Our allowance for credit losses in our loan portfolio is based on evaluations, assumptions and estimates about customers, the value of collateral we hold and the economy as a whole. Our loan losses could prove to be materially different from the estimates and could materially exceed these allowances. In addition, the

 

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standards for establishing allowances change, causing us to change some of the evaluations, assumptions and estimates used in determining the allowances. As a result, we may need to provide for additional allowances for credit losses.

 

Credit losses may also increase if we elect, or are forced by economic or other considerations, to sell or write off our problem loans at a larger discount, in a larger amount or in a different time or manner than we may otherwise want. We may not be able to realize the value of the collateral we hold or enforce our rights against defaulting customers because of the difficulty of foreclosing on collateral in Japan, the illiquidity of and depressed values in the Japanese real estate market, and other reasons.

 

In addition, we may provide additional loans, equity capital or other forms of support to troubled borrowers in order to facilitate their restructuring and revitalization efforts. We may forbear from exercising some or all of our rights as a creditor against them, and we may forgive loans to them in conjunction with their debt restructuring. These practices may substantially increase our exposure to troubled borrowers and increase our losses. An increase in loan losses would adversely affect our results of operations, weaken our financial condition and erode our capital base.

 

We may be adversely affected if economic conditions in Japan or elsewhere worsen.

 

Our performance is affected by general economic conditions of the countries in which we operate, particularly Japan where we primarily conduct our business. General economic conditions that could affect us include interest rates, inflation, investor sentiment, the availability and cost of credit, the liquidity of the global financial markets, the level and volatility of debt and equity capital markets, and raw material prices. Any of these economic conditions, currently existing or occurring in the future, may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. For a discussion of the current economic environment in Japan and certain other countries, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Business Environment.”

 

If the Japanese stock market declines in the future, we may incur losses on our securities portfolio and our capital ratios will be adversely affected.

 

We hold large amounts of marketable equity securities of which a significant portion are securities of Japanese issuers. The market values of these securities are inherently volatile. We have experienced impairment losses on our marketable equity securities in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 as a result of a decline in Japanese stock prices, and we may incur additional losses on our securities portfolio if the Japanese stock market further declines in the future. Material declines in the Japanese stock market may also materially adversely affect our capital ratios. For a detailed discussion of our holdings of marketable equity securities and the effect of market declines on our capital ratios, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Adequacy” and “Selected Statistical Data—Investment Portfolio.”

 

Our results of operations may be negatively affected by the recent global financial instability triggered by disruptions in the residential mortgage market in the United States.

 

The recent credit market instability initially triggered by disruptions in the residential mortgage market in the United States resulting from concerns with increased defaults of higher risk mortgages to lower income households may adversely affect our loan and investment portfolios, which includes securitization products such as asset-backed securities. For example, some of our investment securities may need to be marked at a significantly lower price because a market price for those securities is depressed or not properly quoted. We may also be affected by credit market deterioration caused by defaults on these higher risk residential mortgages. Specifically, the availability of credit may become limited, causing some of our counterparties to default, or some of our credit derivative transactions to be negatively affected. For example, Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. filed a petition under Chapter 11 of the US Bankruptcy Code on September 15, 2008, as a result of which we expect an adverse impact of approximately ¥20 to ¥30 billion on our income from continuing operations before income tax expense for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2009. Moreover, the negative developments in the US credit markets may cause significant fluctuations in stock markets globally and foreign currency exchange rates, which in turn may affect our results of operation. If credit market conditions continue to deteriorate, our capital funding structure may need to be adjusted, our funding costs may increase, or our credit-related losses may increase, all of which could have a material impact on our financial results and financial condition.

 

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The valuation of certain financial instruments relies on quoted market prices that may fluctuate significantly.

 

A substantial portion of the assets on our balance sheet comprises financial instruments that we carry at fair value. Generally, in order to establish the fair value of these instruments, we rely on quoted market prices. If the value of a financial instrument carried at fair value declines, a corresponding write-down may be recognized in our income statement. As the global financial markets became unstable following concerns of increased defaults of higher risk mortgages in the United States, there have been increasing circumstances where quoted market prices for securities became significantly depressed or were not properly quoted. Significant fluctuations in the market or disfunctionalities in the market could have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the financial instruments that we hold.

 

Our business may be adversely affected by negative developments with respect to other financial institutions, both directly and through the effect they may have on the overall banking environment and on their borrowers.

 

Some domestic and foreign financial institutions, including banks, non-bank lending and credit institutions, securities companies and insurance companies, have experienced declining asset quality and capital adequacy and other financial problems. This may lead to severe liquidity and solvency problems, which have in the past resulted in the liquidation, government control or restructuring of affected institutions. For example, the recent deterioration of the asset-backed securitization products market and residential mortgage market in the United States resulted in Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. filing a petition under Chapter 11 of the US Bankruptcy Code. Other banks, securities companies, insurance companies and other financial institutions, especially US institutions, continue to be under significant pressure due to declining asset quality as a result of recent deterioration of the global financial markets. These developments are expected to adversely affect our financial results for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2009. Other financial difficulties relating to financial institutions could adversely affect us because:

 

   

we have extended loans, some of which may need to be classified as nonaccrual and restructured loans, to banks, securities companies, insurance companies and other financial institutions that are not our consolidated subsidiaries;

 

   

we are a shareholder of some other banks and financial institutions that are not our consolidated subsidiaries;

 

   

we may be requested to participate in providing assistance to support distressed financial institutions that are not our consolidated subsidiaries;

 

   

the government may elect to provide regulatory, tax, funding or other benefits to those financial institutions to strengthen their capital, facilitate their sale or otherwise, which in turn may increase their competitiveness against us;

 

   

deposit insurance premiums could rise if deposit insurance funds prove to be inadequate;

 

   

bankruptcies or government support or control of financial institutions could generally undermine confidence in financial institutions or adversely affect the overall banking environment;

 

   

negative media coverage of the financial industry, regardless of its accuracy and applicability to us, could affect customer or investor sentiment, harm our reputation and have a materially adverse effect on our business or the price of our securities;

 

   

new regulations may be adopted to prevent future difficulties of financial institutions, which could increase our short term costs; and

 

   

we could be perceived to be facing the same issues as other financial institutions that hold assets with no market liquidity or with significantly depressed values as a result of the significantly negative views about the financial services industry in general.

 

Changes in interest rate policy, particularly unexpected or sudden increases in interest rates, could adversely affect the value of our bond and financial derivative portfolios, problem loans and results of operations.

 

We hold a significant amount of Japanese government bonds and foreign bonds, including US Treasury bonds. We also hold a large financial derivative portfolio, consisting primarily of interest-rate futures, swaps and

 

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options, for our asset liability management. An increase in relevant interest rates, particularly if such increase is unexpected or sudden, may negatively affect the value of our bond portfolio and reduce the so called “spread,” which is the difference between the rate of interest earned and the rate of interest paid. In addition, an increase in relevant interest rates may increase losses on our derivative portfolio and increase our problem loans as some of our borrowers may not be able to meet the increased interest payment requirements, thereby adversely affecting our results of operations and financial condition. For a detailed discussion of our bond portfolio, see “Selected Statistical Data—Investment Portfolio.”

 

Our trading and investment activities as well as our international operations expose us to interest rate, exchange rate and other risks.

 

We undertake extensive trading and investment activities involving a variety of financial instruments, including derivatives. We also have significant business operations abroad, including operations of UNBC, in the United States and elsewhere. Our income from these activities as well as our foreign assets and liabilities resulting from our international operations are subject to volatility caused by, among other things, changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and equity and debt prices. For example:

 

   

increases in interest rates may have an adverse effect on the value of our fixed income securities portfolio, as discussed in “—Changes in interest rate policy, particularly unexpected or sudden increases in interest rates, could adversely affect the value of our bond and financial derivatives portfolios, problem loans and results of operations” above; and

 

   

fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates against the Japanese yen may adversely affect our financial condition, including our capital ratios, to the extent that our foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities are not matched in the same currency or appropriately hedged, and will create foreign currency translation gains or losses, as described in “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—A. Operating Results—Effect of the Change in Exchange Rates on Foreign Currency Translation.”

 

In addition, downgrades of the credit ratings of some of the securities in our portfolio could negatively affect our results of operations. Our trading and investment activities in financial instruments may also be adversely affected by regulatory measures taken by government agencies, such as the SEC measures taken recently to limit certain types of shortselling in securities. Our results of operations and financial condition are exposed to the risks of loss associated with these activities. For a discussion of our investment portfolio and related risks see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financial Condition—Investment Portfolio” and “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk.”

 

We may not be able to maintain our capital ratios above minimum required levels, which could result in the suspension of some or all of our operations.

 

We started calculating our risk-weighted capital ratios based on a new framework relating to regulatory capital requirements based on the Basel II framework established by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision as of March 31, 2007. We are required to maintain risk-weighted capital ratios above the levels specified in the capital adequacy guidelines of the Financial Services Agency of Japan. The capital ratios are calculated in accordance with Japanese banking regulations based on information derived from the relevant entity’s financial statements prepared in accordance with Japanese GAAP. Our subsidiaries in California, UNBC and Union Bank of California, N.A., or UBOC, are subject to similar US capital adequacy guidelines. We or our subsidiary banks may be unable to continue to satisfy the capital adequacy requirements because of:

 

   

increases in credit risk assets and expected losses we or our subsidiary banks may incur due to fluctuations in our or our subsidiary banks’ loan and securities portfolios as a result of deteriorations in the credit of our borrowers and the issuers of equity and debt securities;

 

   

increases in credit costs we or our subsidiary banks may incur as we or our subsidiary banks dispose of problem loans or as a result of deteriorations in the credit of our borrowers;

 

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declines in the value of our or our subsidiary banks’ securities portfolio;

 

   

changes in the capital ratio requirements or in the guidelines regarding the calculation of banks’ capital ratios;

 

   

a reduction in the value of our or our subsidiary banks’ deferred tax assets;

 

   

adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates; and

 

   

other adverse developments discussed in these risk factors.

 

Our capital ratios may also be adversely affected if we or our subsidiary banks fail to refinance our subordinated debt obligations with equally subordinated debt. As of March 31, 2008, subordinated debt accounted for approximately 31.2% of our total regulatory capital, as calculated under Japanese GAAP. The failure to refinance these subordinated debt obligations with equally subordinated debt may reduce our total regulatory capital and, as a result, negatively affect our capital ratios.

 

If our capital ratios fall below required levels, the Financial Services Agency could require us to take a variety of corrective actions, including withdrawal from all international operations or suspension of all or part of our business operations. For a discussion of our capital ratios and the related regulatory guidelines, see “Item 4.B. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Supervision and Regulation—Japan—Capital Adequacy” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Adequacy.”

 

We may have difficulty achieving the benefits expected from the recently completed and planned mergers and other business combinations.

 

In line with our ongoing strategic effort to create a leading comprehensive financial group that offers a broad range of financial products and services, we have recently completed and are planning to complete mergers and other business combinations, including transactions with some of our subsidiaries and equity-method investees. For example, on August 29, 2008, we commenced a tender offer to acquire all of the shares of UNBC’s common stock not owned by us. We also review opportunities to pursue new acquisitions or business combinations regularly.

 

If a planned merger or business combination fails, we may be subject to various material risks. For example, our growth strategies in Japan and globally may not be implemented as planned. In addition, the price of our securities may decline to the extent that the current market price reflects a market assumption that any pending transaction will be completed. Furthermore, our costs related to any planned transaction, including legal, accounting and certain financial adviser fees, must be paid even if the transaction is not completed. Our reputation may also be harmed due to our failure to complete an announced transaction. Even after a transaction is completed, there are various risks that could adversely affect our ability to achieve our business objectives, including:

 

   

The growth opportunities and other expected benefits of these business combinations or acquisitions may not be realized in the expected time period and unanticipated problems could arise in the integration process, including unanticipated expenses related to the integration process as well as delays or other difficulties in coordinating, consolidating and integrating personnel, information and management systems, and customer products and services;

 

   

We may be unable to cross-sell our products and services as effectively as anticipated and we may lose customers and business as some of the operations are reorganized, consolidated with other businesses and, in some cases, rebranded;

 

   

We may have difficulty in coordinating the operations of our subsidiaries and affiliates as planned due to legal restrictions, internal conflict or market resistance;

 

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The diversion of management and key employees’ attention may detract from our ability to increase revenues and minimize costs; and

 

   

We may encounter difficulties in penetrating certain markets due to adverse reactions to our newly acquired ownership in, or closer affiliation with, other financial institutions or businesses.

 

Any of the foregoing and other risks may adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and stock price. For a more detailed discussion of recently completed and planned mergers and other business combinations involving our subsidiaries and affiliates, see “Item 4.B. Information on the Company—Business Overview” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Recent Developments.”

 

Any adverse changes in UNBC’s business could significantly affect our results of operations.

 

UNBC contributes to a significant portion of our net income. Any adverse change in the business or operations of UNBC could significantly affect our results of operations. Factors that could negatively affect UNBC’s results include adverse economic conditions in California, including the downturn in the real estate and housing industries in California, substantial competition in the California banking market, uncertainty over the US economy due to deteriorating credit markets in the United States, the threat of terrorist attacks, fluctuating oil prices and rising interest rates, negative trends in debt ratings and additional costs and other adverse consequences which may arise from enterprise-wide compliance or failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations such as the US Bank Secrecy Act and related amendments under the USA PATRIOT Act. We will be more significantly impacted by any adverse developments at UNBC if we are able to successfully acquire the shares for which we have launched a tender offer and complete the planned second-step merger after the tender offer.

 

We are exposed to new or increased risks as we expand the range of our products and services and the geographic scope of our business.

 

As we expand the range of our products and services beyond our traditional banking business and as the sophistication of financial products and management systems grows, we will be exposed to new and increasingly complex risks. We may have only limited experience with the risks related to the expanded range of these products and services. As a result, we may not be able to foresee certain risks, and new products and services we introduce may not gain acceptance among customers. Moreover, some of the activities that we are expected to engage in, such as derivatives and foreign currency trading, present substantial risks. As we expand the geographic scope of our business, we will also be exposed to risks that are unique to particular jurisdictions or markets. Our risk management systems may prove to be inadequate and may not work in all cases or to the degree required. As a result, we are subject to substantial market, credit and other risks in relation to the expanding scope of our products, services and trading activities or expanding our business beyond our traditional markets, which could result in us incurring substantial losses. In addition, our efforts to offer new services and products or penetrate new markets may not succeed if product or market opportunities develop more slowly than expected or if the profitability of opportunities is undermined by competitive pressures. For a detailed discussion of our risk management systems, see “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk.”

 

Changes in the business environment for consumer finance companies in Japan have adversely affected our recent financial results, and may further adversely affect our future financial results.

 

We have a large loan portfolio to the consumer lending industry as well as large shareholdings of consumer finance companies. The Japanese government has been implementing regulatory reforms affecting the consumer lending industry in recent years. In December 2006, the Diet passed legislation to reduce the maximum permissible interest rate under the Law Concerning Acceptance of Investment, Cash, Deposit and Interest Rate, etc., which is currently 29.2% per annum, to 20% per annum. Such reduction in the maximum permissible interest rate will be implemented before mid-2010. Under the reforms, all interest rates will be subject to the lower limits (15-20% per annum) imposed by the Interest Rate Restriction Law, which will compel, or has already compelled, lending institutions to lower the interest rates they charge borrowers.

 

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Currently, consumer finance companies that satisfy certain conditions are able to charge interest rates exceeding the limits stipulated by the Interest Rate Restriction Law so long as the payment is made voluntarily by the borrowers and the lender complies with various notice and other requirements. Accordingly, our consumer finance subsidiaries and equity method investees offer loans at interest rates above the Interest Rate Restriction Law. As a result of recent decisions by the Supreme Court of Japan, consumer finance companies experienced a significant increase in borrowers’ claims for reimbursement of previously collected interest payments in excess of the limits stipulated by the Interest Rate Restriction Law. New regulations that are scheduled to be effective before mid-2010 may also have a negative impact on the business of consumer finance companies as those new regulations are expected to require, among other things, consumer finance companies to review the repayment capability of borrowers before lending, thereby limiting the amount of borrowing available to individual borrowers.

 

These and other related developments have adversely affected, and may further adversely affect, the operations and financial condition of our subsidiaries and borrowers which are engaged in consumer lending, which in turn may affect the value of our related shareholdings and loan portfolio. For example, there was a significant increase in the allowance for repayment of excess interest at our consumer finance subsidiaries in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. Additionally, we recorded a provision for credit losses in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 relating to domestic consumer loans mainly due to a change in regulation applicable to the consumer finance industry, which results in some of our consumer borrowers encountering difficulties in refinancing their existing loans as loan approval standards were tightened. Such developments may have indirect negative financial consequences for us, such as a change in our tax circumstances or an increase in our valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as a result of a decline in the estimated future taxable income of our consumer finance subsidiaries and may negatively affect market perception of our consumer lending operations, thereby adversely affecting the future financial results.

 

We have recently been subject to several regulatory actions for noncompliance with legal requirements. These regulatory matters and any future regulatory matters or regulatory changes could have a negative impact on our business and results of operations.

 

We conduct our business subject to ongoing regulation and associated regulatory compliance risks, including the effects of changes in laws, regulations, policies, voluntary codes of practice and interpretations in Japan and other markets in which we operate. Our compliance risk management systems and programs may not be fully effective in preventing all violations of laws, regulations and rules.

 

The Financial Services Agency of Japan and regulatory authorities in the United States and elsewhere also have the authority to conduct, at any time, inspections to review banks’ accounts, including ours. Some of our other financial services businesses, such as our securities business, are also subject to regulations set by, and inspections conducted by, various self-regulatory organizations, such as the National Securities Dealers Association in the United States. In recent years, we have been subject to several regulatory actions by, among others, the Financial Services Agency of Japan, the Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission of Japan and various US banking regulators.

 

Our failure or inability to comply fully with applicable laws and regulations could lead to fines, public reprimands, damage to reputation, enforced suspension of operations or, in extreme cases, withdrawal of authorization to operate, adversely affecting our business and results of operations. Regulatory matters may also negatively affect our ability to obtain regulatory approvals for future strategic initiatives. Furthermore, failure to take necessary corrective actions, or discovery of violation of laws in the process of further review of any of the matters mentioned above or in the process of implementing any corrective measures, could result in further regulatory action.

 

In addition, future developments or changes in laws, regulations, policies, voluntary codes of practice, fiscal or other policies and their effects are unpredictable and beyond our control. For example, new regulations to be enacted before mid-2010 are expected to require, among other things, consumer finance companies in Japan to review the repayment capabilities of borrowers before lending, thereby limiting the amount of borrowing available to individual borrowers, which in turn may negatively affect our future financial results.

 

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In addition, if a new accounting system or methodology becomes applicable to us as a result of changes to applicable banking or securities law requirements, market or investor expectations or otherwise, we may be required to incur significant additional costs, which may materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

 

Our business may be adversely affected by competitive pressures, which have partly increased due to regulatory changes and recent market changes in the financial industry domestically and globally.

 

In recent years, the Japanese financial system has been increasingly deregulated and barriers to competition have been reduced. The privatization of the Japanese postal savings system and the establishment of Japan Post Bank Co., Ltd. in October 2007, as well as the planned privatization of certain governmental financial institutions in October 2008, could also substantially increase competition within the financial services industry. In addition, there has been significant consolidation and convergence among financial institutions domestically and globally, and this trend may continue in the future and further increase competition in the market. A number of large commercial banks and other broad-based financial services firms have merged or formed strategic alliances with other financial institutions both in Japan and overseas. If we are unable to compete effectively in this more competitive and deregulated business environment, our business, results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected. For a more detailed discussion of our competition in Japan, see “Item 4.B. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Competition—Japan.”

 

Our information systems and other aspects of our business and operations are exposed to various system, political and social risks.

 

As a major financial institution, our information systems and other aspects of our business and operations are exposed to various system, political and social risks beyond our control. Incidents such as disruptions of the Internet and other information networks due to major virus outbreaks, major terrorist activity, serious political instability and major health epidemics, have the potential to directly affect our business and operations by disrupting our operational infrastructure or internal systems. Such incidents may also negatively impact the economic conditions, political regimes and social infrastructure of countries and regions in which we operate, and possibly the global economy as a whole. Our risk management policies and procedures may be insufficient to address these and other large-scale unanticipated risks.

 

In particular, the capacity and reliability of our electronic information technology systems are critical to our day-to-day operations and a failure or disruption of these systems would adversely affect our capacity to conduct our business. In addition to our own internal information systems, we also provide our customers with access to our services and products through the Internet and ATMs. These systems as well as our hardware and software are subject to malfunction or incapacitation due to human error, accidents, power loss, sabotage, hacking, computer viruses and similar events, as well as the loss of support services from third parties such as telephone and Internet service providers.

 

Additionally, as with other Japanese companies, our offices and other facilities are subject to the risk of earthquakes and other natural disasters. Our redundancy and backup measures may not be sufficient to avoid a material disruption in our operations, and our contingency plans may not address all eventualities that may occur in the event of a material disruption.

 

These various factors, the threat of such risks or related countermeasures, or a failure to address such risks, may materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

 

We may be subject to liability and regulatory action if we are unable to protect personal and other confidential information.

 

There have been many cases where personal information and records in the possession of corporations and institutions were leaked or improperly accessed. In the event that personal information in our possession about

 

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our customers or employees is leaked or improperly accessed and subsequently misused, we may be subject to liability and regulatory action. As an institution in possession of personal information, we are required to treat personal and other confidential information as required by the Personal Information Protection Act of Japan. We may have to provide compensation for economic loss and emotional distress arising out of a failure to protect such information in accordance with the Personal Information Protection Act. In addition, such incidents could create a negative public perception of our operations, systems or brand, which may in turn decrease customer and market confidence and materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

 

A downgrade of our credit ratings could have a negative effect on our business.

 

A downgrade of our credit ratings by one or more of the credit rating agencies could have a negative effect on our treasury operations and other aspects of our business. In the event of a downgrade of our credit ratings, our treasury business unit may have to accept less favorable terms in our transactions with counterparties, including capital raising activities, or may be unable to enter into some transactions. This could have a negative impact on the profitability of our treasury and other operations and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

 

Damage to our reputation could harm our business.

 

We are one of the largest and most influential financial institutions in Japan by virtue of our market share and the size of our operations and customer base. Our reputation is critical in maintaining our relationships with clients, investors, regulators and the general public. Our reputation could be damaged by numerous causes, including, among others, system troubles, employee misconduct, failure to properly address potential conflicts of interest, litigation, compliance failures, the activities of customers and counterparties over which we have limited or no control, and exacting scrutiny from regulatory authorities and customers regarding our trade practices and potential abuses of our dominant bargaining position in our dealings with customers. If we are unable to prevent or properly address these causes, we could lose existing or prospective customers and investors, in which case our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

 

We are exposed to substantial credit and market risks in Asia, Latin America and other regions.

 

We are active in Asia, Latin America and other regions through a network of branches and subsidiaries and are thus exposed to a variety of credit and market risks associated with countries in these regions. A decline in the value of Asian, Latin American or other relevant currencies could adversely affect the creditworthiness of some of our borrowers in those regions. For example, the loans we have made to Asian, Latin American and other overseas borrowers and banks are often denominated in yen, US dollars or other foreign currencies. These borrowers often do not hedge the loans to protect against fluctuations in the values of local currencies. A devaluation of the local currency would make it more difficult for a borrower earning income in that currency to pay its debts to us and other foreign lenders. In addition, some countries in which we operate may attempt to support the value of their currencies by raising domestic interest rates. If this happens, the borrowers in these countries would have to devote more of their resources to repaying their domestic obligations, which may adversely affect their ability to repay their debts to us and other foreign lenders. The limited credit availability resulting from these and related conditions may adversely affect economic conditions in some countries. This could cause a further deterioration of the credit quality of borrowers and banks in those countries and cause us to incur further losses.

 

In addition, we are active in other regions that expose us to risks similar to the risks described above and also risks specific to those regions, which may cause us to incur losses or suffer other adverse effects.

 

We may incur significant additional costs for implementing effective internal controls.

 

In order to operate as a global financial institution, it is essential for us to have effective internal controls, corporate compliance functions, and accounting systems to manage our assets and operations. Moreover, under the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which applies by reason of our status as an SEC reporting company, we

 

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are required to establish internal control over our financial reporting and our management is required to assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and disclose whether such internal control is effective beginning from the fiscal year ending March 31,2008. Under the Japanese Financial Instruments and Exchange Law that took full effect in September 2007, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., or MUFG, as a listed company in Japan, is required to file an internal control report with an annual securities report in Japan, beginning from the fiscal year ending March 31, 2009. Accordingly, we, as an important subsidiary of MUFG, must establish, maintain and operate our internal control system in accordance with MUFG policy.

 

Designing and implementing an effective system of internal control capable of monitoring and managing our business and operations requires significant management and human resources and considerable costs. If we identify any material weakness in our internal control system, we may incur significant additional costs for remediating such weakness. In addition, if we adopt a new accounting system, we may be required to incur significant additional costs, which may materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

 

Transactions with counterparties in countries designated by the US Department of State as state sponsors of terrorism may lead some potential customers and investors in the US and other countries to avoid doing business with us or investing in our securities.

 

We engage in operations with entities in or affiliated with Iran and Syria, including transactions with entities owned or controlled by the Iranian or Syrian governments, and we have a representative office in Iran. The US Department of State has designated Iran and Syria as “state sponsors of terrorism,” and US law generally prohibits US persons from doing business with such countries. Our activities with counterparties in or affiliated with Iran, Syria and other countries designated as state sponsors of terrorism are conducted in compliance in all material respects with both applicable Japanese and US regulations.

 

Our operations with entities in Iran consist primarily of loans to Iranian financial institutions in the form of financing for petroleum projects and trade financing for general commercial purposes, as well as letters of credit and foreign exchange services. Our operations relating to Syria are primarily foreign exchange services. We do not believe our operations relating to Iran and Syria are material to our business, financial condition and results of operations, as the loans outstanding to borrowers in or affiliated with Iran and Syria as of March 31, 2008 were approximately $410 million and $0.2 million, respectively, which together represented less than 0.1% of our total assets as of March 31, 2008. In addition, we receive deposits or hold assets on behalf of several individuals resident in Japan who are citizens of countries designated as state sponsor of terrorism.

 

We are aware of initiatives by US governmental entities and US institutional investors, such as pension funds, to adopt or consider adopting laws, regulations or policies prohibiting transactions with or investment in, or requiring divestment from, entities doing business with Iran and other countries identified as state sponsors of terrorism. It is possible that such initiatives may result in our being unable to gain or retain entities subject to such prohibitions as customers. In addition, depending on socio-political developments our reputation may suffer due to our association with these countries. The above circumstances could have a significant adverse effect on our business and financial condition.

 

Risks Related to Owning Our Subordinated Debt Securities

 

The indenture will not limit our ability to incur additional debt, including senior debt.

 

The indenture relating to our 8.40% global senior subordinated notes due 2010 does not limit or restrict the amount of other indebtedness, including senior indebtedness, that we or our subsidiaries may incur in the future.

 

The subordination provisions in our subordinated debt securities could hinder your ability to receive payment.

 

Under some circumstances, your right to receive payment on our 8.40% global senior subordinated notes due 2010 will be subordinated and subject in right of payment in full to the prior payment of all our senior

 

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indebtedness. We expect from time to time to incur additional indebtedness and other obligations that will constitute senior indebtedness, and the indenture relating to our 8.40% global senior subordinated notes due 2010 does not contain any provisions restricting our ability to incur senior indebtedness.

 

Item 4. Information on the Company

 

A.    History and Development of the Company

 

The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, or BTMU, is a major commercial banking organization in Japan that provides a broad range of domestic and international banking services from its offices in Japan and around the world. Our registered head office is located at 7-1, Marunouchi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8388, Japan, and our telephone number is 81-3-3240-1111. BTMU is a joint stock company (kabushiki kaisha) incorporated in Japan under the Company Law of Japan (Law No. 86 of 2005, also known as the Companies Act or the Corporation Act).

 

BTMU was formed through the merger, on January 1, 2006, of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi and UFJ Bank Limited, after their respective parent companies, Mitsubishi Tokyo Financial Group, Inc. and UFJ Holdings, Inc., had merged to form Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. on October 1, 2005.

 

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi was formed through the merger, on April 1, 1996, of The Mitsubishi Bank, Limited and The Bank of Tokyo, Ltd.

 

The origins of Mitsubishi Bank can be traced to the Mitsubishi Exchange Office, a money exchange house established in 1880 by Yataro Iwasaki, the founder of the Mitsubishi industrial, commercial and financial group. In 1895, the Mitsubishi Exchange Office was succeeded by the Banking Division of the Mitsubishi Goshi Kaisha, the holding company of the “Mitsubishi group” of companies. Mitsubishi Bank had been a principal bank to many of the Mitsubishi group companies but broadened its relationships to cover a wide range of Japanese industries, small and medium-sized companies and individuals.

 

Bank of Tokyo was established in 1946 as a successor to The Yokohama Specie Bank, Ltd., a special foreign exchange bank established in 1880. When the government of Japan promulgated the Foreign Exchange Bank Law in 1954, Bank of Tokyo became the only bank licensed under that law. Because of its license, Bank of Tokyo received special consideration from the Ministry of Finance in establishing its offices abroad and in many other aspects relating to foreign exchange and international finance.

 

UFJ Bank was formed through the merger, on January 15, 2002, of The Sanwa Bank, Limited and The Tokai Bank, Limited.

 

Sanwa Bank was established in 1933 when the three Osaka-based banks, the Konoike Bank, the Yamaguchi Bank, and the Sanjyushi Bank merged. Sanwa Bank was known as a city bank having the longest history in Japan, since the foundation of Konoike Bank can be traced back to the Konoike Exchange Office established in 1656. The origin of Yamaguchi Bank was also a money exchange house, established in 1863. Sanjyushi Bank was founded by influential fiber wholesalers in 1878. The corporate philosophy of Sanwa Bank had been the creation of premier banking services especially for small and medium-sized companies and individuals.

 

Tokai Bank was established in 1941 when the three Nagoya-based banks, the Aichi Bank, the Ito Bank, and the Nagoya Bank merged. In 1896, Aichi Bank took over businesses of the Jyuichi Bank established by wholesalers in 1877 and the Hyakusanjyushi Bank established in 1878. Ito Bank and Nagoya Bank were established in 1881 and 1882, respectively. Tokai Bank had expanded the commercial banking business to contribute to economic growth mainly of the Chubu area in Japan, which is known for the manufacturing industry, especially automobiles.

 

For a discussion of the merger between Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi and UFJ Bank and other recent developments, see “Item 4.B. Business Overview” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Recent Developments.”

 

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B.    Business Overview

 

We are a major Japanese commercial banking organization. We provide a broad range of domestic and international banking services in Japan and around the world. As of June 30, 2008, our network in Japan included 665 branches, 118 sub-branches, 1,885 branch ATMs and 26,572 convenience store-based, non-exclusive ATMs. We organize our operations based on customer and product segmentation, as follows:

 

   

retail banking;

 

   

corporate banking;

 

   

corporate and investment banking;

 

   

commercial banking; and

 

   

transaction banking;

 

   

global business;

 

   

global markets;

 

   

operations and systems; and

 

   

other, including trust and asset management, custody and eBusiness & IT initiatives.

 

For a detailed analysis of financial results by business segments, which is based mainly on our business organizations, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—A. Operating Results—Business Segment Analysis.” For a detailed analysis of financial results by geographic segment, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—A. Operating Results—Geographic Segment Analysis.”

 

BTMU conducts business activities in a variety of areas, including:

 

   

banking;

 

   

trust banking;

 

   

securities;

 

   

investment trusts;

 

   

credit cards and consumer finance;

 

   

leasing; and

 

   

international banking.

 

Retail Banking Business Unit

 

Our retail banking business unit offers a full range of banking products and services, including financial consulting services to individual customers in Japan through its branch offices and other direct distribution channels.

 

   

Deposits

 

The unit offers a full range of bank deposit products to its customers.

 

BTMU is implementing a wide variety of preferential interest rate measures which include a campaign designed to appeal to fixed term deposit needs of our customers who are nearing the attainment of their retirement bonus.

 

In January 2007, BTMU launched a membership club, the Quality Life Club, aimed chiefly at senior citizens of the baby-boom generation which provides a combination of financial and non-financial services. In addition to financial services such as consultation with experts on asset management, the club offers privileges such as high value-added services in areas of interest to senior citizens including travel and health.

 

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In May 2007, in a joint initiative with Walt Disney Japan, BTMU launched a new type of online banking service for individuals called “Disney Osaihu Plus” using the Internet and mobile phones. The Disney Osaihu Plus service aims to provide a solution for customers who are unfamiliar with banking services and find banking services difficult to understand, or find it hard to adapt to online banking. This service aims to be easy-to-use and to encourage customers to feel comfortable with online banking services.

 

   

Investment Trust

 

We offer a varied line-up of products allowing our customers to choose products according to their investment needs. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, BTMU introduced a total of seven investment trusts. As of the end of March 2008, BTMU offered our clients a total of 94 investment trust products.

 

In April 2007, BTMU began offering the “Global Sovereign Open (monthly closing type)”, largest asset holding fund in Japan and one of our most popular investment products.

 

In July 2007, BTMU began offering the “Bond Fund Denominated in Currency of Emerging Countries (monthly closing type)”. BTMU also began offering the “World High-Interest Rate Currencies Fund (course1, course2)” in December 2007 and “Global Bond basic (monthly closing type)” in March 2008. These funds were developed to strengthen BTMU’s line-up of investment trusts in order to meet the needs of those customers seeking investment opportunities in emerging countries that provide increased growth potential and those in high-interest currency countries.

 

Furthermore, BTMU began offering the “World Three Area’s REIT Fund (monthly closing type)” in August 2007 and “Nomura Japan Bond Index Fund” in February 2008. In order to meet the customers’ wide variety of investment needs, BTMU strengthened its investment products from high-end products to basic products.

 

In addition to these investment trust products, BTMU has been offering the Welcome Selection Campaign, which provides preferential interest rates on fixed term deposits for customers who simultaneously open a fixed term deposit account and purchase an investment trust product. BTMU has also been offering gift cards to customers who purchase investment trust products. These offers aim to enhance the attractiveness of our investment trust products.

 

Moreover, BTMU has placed significant importance on ensuring that aftercare is provided to all of its customers who have purchased its investment trust products. For instance, after the market plunge in last August caused by the collapse of the residential mortgage market, BTMU held approximately 150 seminars to explain the potential effects of such decline over the market and asset management businesses. These seminars were held mainly in the Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka metropolitan areas.

 

   

Insurance

 

Since the Japanese government lifted the prohibition against sales of annuity insurance products by banks in October 2002, we have been actively offering individual annuities in an effort to meet the needs of our customers as agents of insurance companies. Our current line-up of insurance products consists of investment-type individual annuities, foreign currency denominated insurance annuities and yen denominated fixed-amount annuity insurance. BTMU has been offering Insurance for Death Benefit/Health-related/Cancer since December 2007 and Nursing Insurance since April 2008.

 

BTMU began offering “Kantan Jizoku Seichou Plus”, a single premium term insurance underwritten by Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance, in November 2007, and “Kibou no Tamago”, an investment-type individual annuity underwritten by Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance in January 2008. In addition, we began offering “Core Value”, an investment-type individual annuity underwritten by Daiichi Frontier Life, in April 2008, and “Ijigen Hatsu”, an investment-type individual annuity underwritten by Tokyo Marine Nichido Financial Life, in June 2008.

 

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Since the deregulation in December 2007 of over the counter sales of life insurance products by banks, BTMU has introduced seven varieties of life insurance products (four life insurance, two medical insurance, one cancer insurance). Between December 31, 2007 and June 30, 2008, the number of branches through which BTMU offers insurance products increased from 173 to 319. Professional insurance sales representatives, called “Insurance Planner”, have been assigned to each branch where these insurance products are sold in order to ensure that the branch accurately responds to our customers’ insurance needs. BTMU has plans to further strengthen its lineup of life insurance products in addition to increasing the number of branches at which life insurance products are sold.

 

   

Financial Products Intermediation Services

 

BTMU initiated financial products intermediation business in December 2004 following the lifting of the ban on securities intermediation by banks. It currently acts as a financial products intermediary for Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd., or MUS, and kabu.com Securities Co., Ltd. In addition, in May 2006, the unit started providing financial products intermediation services with Mitsubishi UFJ Merrill Lynch PB Securities Co., Ltd., a joint-venture company between Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. and Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. that provides private banking services.

 

As of the end of March 2008, BTMU employed approximately 500 employees seconded from MUS for the purpose of providing financial product intermediation services to our clients. Approximately 360 of these employees who hold the necessary skills in investment consulting have been assigned to branches in Japan as sales representatives. Forty of the personnel have been assigned to assist the branches as Retail Money Desk representatives who specialize in the sale of investment products with enhanced sales skills and possess more sophisticated understanding and background in the field of compliance. They are working to further strengthen the branch sales force. The remaining secondees were given various other assignments relating to corporate management.

 

Additionally, in order to continuously strengthen our product lineup, BTMU has been providing Japanese Government Bonds For Individual Investors, Domestic Industrial Bonds, Foreign Bonds, Domestic/Foreign Investment Trusts, Stocks (Both IPOs and offerings of public companies) and Public Offered -Structured Bonds.

 

   

Loans

 

BTMU provides loans such as housing loans and card loans to its retail clients.

 

To meet a wide variety of customer needs, BTMU offers a variety of housing loan products such as ultra-long term fixed rate housing loans, housing loans incorporating health insurance for seven major illnesses, and the Flat 35 guaranteed housing loan in a tie-up with Japan Housing Finance Agency. Additionally, to help counteract the ever-rising customer concerns regarding loan guarantee fees, BTMU has been offering the “Zero Guarantee Fee Campaign” for customers who meet certain conditions since October 2007.

 

In November 2007, BTMU launched “BANQUIC”, a new convenient and accessible card loan product guaranteed by ACOM CO., LTD, an equity method affiliate of MUFG in the consumer finance business. Customers can apply for BANQUIC card loans through internet, telephone, fax etc., and make or repay loans at BTMU ATMs or convenience store ATMs (including E-net ATMs, Seven Bank’s ATMs, LAWSON ATMs). BTMU will continue to aim to meet the wide variety of our customers’ needs through strengthening our product lineup and increasing convenience.

 

   

Credit Cards

 

In October 2004, BTMU began to issue a multi-functional “IC cards”, which combine ATM card, credit card and electronic money functions that enhance customer convenience. For example, BTMU currently offers an “alliance credit card”, which is an integrated IC commuter pass compatible with the ticketing systems of Japanese railway companies, East Japan Railway Company (since February 2007) and Kintetsu Corporation (since February 2008), with “VISA touch”, a contact-less IC function, which can be used as a credit card.

 

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Domestic Network

 

BTMU offers products and services through a wide range of channels, including branches, ATMs (including convenience store ATMs shared by multiple banks), Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Direct (telephone, internet and mobile phone banking), the BTMU “Telebank” service video conferencing counters (counters that allow face-to-face contact with operators through the use of broadband internet video conferencing) and by mail.

 

The Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group’s integrated financial services are provided at MUFG Plaza branches that combine banking, trust banking and securities services and offer retail customers unified and flexible services at one-stop outlets. As of March 31, 2008, 51 MUFG Plaza branches existed.

 

To provide exclusive membership services for high net worth customers, private banking offices have been established since December 2006 featuring lounges and private rooms where customers can receive wealth management advice and other services in a relaxing and comfortable setting. As of March 31 2008, 19 private banking offices existed in the Tokyo metropolitan area, Nagoya and Osaka.

 

To increase customer convenience, BTMU has enhanced its ATM network and ATM related services. For example, BTMU has ceased to charge ATM usage charges from those who are customers at both BTMU and Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation, or MUTB. In addition, commission fees have been reduced for transactions conducted at convenience stores ATMs shared by multiple banks on week days between 8:45 am and 6 pm as BTMU and other eight local banks have mutually opened ATM networks to provide ATM services partially free of charge.

 

Furthermore, in October 2007, BTMU made an ATM alliance with AEON bank. As a result, BTMU customers can currently make withdrawals from approximately 40,000 ATMs in Japan free of charge on weekdays between 8:45 am and 6:00 pm.

 

“Jibun Bank Corporation”, a joint venture company between BTMU and KDDI CORPORATION, started its banking business in July 2008, Jibun Bank Corporation offers comprehensive retail banking services through mobile phone network. For example, account holders can transfer funds to another account holder using the recipient’s mobile phone number as the identification code and the “mobile phone pass book” acts as both a bank pass book and a simplified housekeeping book on the account holder’s mobile phone.

 

   

Strategic Alliances

 

To strengthen the retail online securities business and offer more comprehensive Internet-based financial services, we acquired additional shares of common stock of kabu.com Securities Co., Ltd. through two tender offers conducted in April and December 2007. Moreover, we acquired additional shares of kabu.com Securities, which had been held by the MUFG Group, resulting in our ownership to approximately 41%. We aim to strengthen our alliance with kabu.com Securities by, among other things, launching a bank agency business, jointly promoting kabu.com Securities’ PTS business and promoting kabu.com Securities’ financial product intermediation business.

 

In July 2008, BTMU acquired 49.375% of the shares of JALCARD, Inc. a wholly owned subsidiary of Japan Airline International Co., Ltd. As a result, JALCARD became an equity-method affiliate of both BTMU and MUFG.

 

As a result of this business alliance, JALI plans to grant BTMU certain priority rights relating to the issuance of JALCARD, which is a frequent flyer program card with a credit function. We aim to enhance customer service and increase our profit through the synergy effects of increasing our customer base, by capitalizing on the collective products and services and brand of MUFG and the JAL group.

 

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In November 2007, MUFG acquired newly issued shares of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS common stock. In May 2008, MUFG entered into a share exchange agreement with Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS. Through a share exchange that became effective on August 1, 2008, pursuant to this agreement, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS became a wholly owned subsidiary of MUFG.

 

   

Trust Agency Operations.

 

As of the end of July 2007, BTMU is conducting the following eight businesses as the trust banking agent for MUTB: testamentary trusts, inheritance management, asset succession planning, inheritance management agency operations , business management financial clinic, lifetime gift trusts, share disposal trusts, and marketable securities administration trusts.

 

In October 2006 BTMU accepted approximately 30 financial consultants (sales managers specializing in inheritance business) from MUTB. Because of Japan’s increasingly aging society, customer demand for inheritance-related advice is increasing and we aim to significantly strengthen our ability to collect the relevant information from the banking market.

 

Corporate Banking Business Unit

 

As part of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group’s Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group, our corporate banking business unit provides banking products and services to a wide range of business customers, from large corporations to medium-sized and small businesses, and is also responsible for customer relationships. We provide services through 324 offices in Japan, and also directly from our headquarters. The unit provides traditional commercial banking services, such as deposits, settlement, foreign exchange and loans, as well as investment banking services, electronic banking and highly sophisticated consultancy services to meet our customers’ needs. The unit works closely with our other business units, such as the global business unit and the global markets unit.

 

   

CIB (Corporate and Investment Banking)

 

The unit provides CIB solutions mainly to large corporations, financial institutions and public sector organizations. Product specialists in our unit globally provide capital markets, derivatives, securitization, syndicated loans, structured finance and other services. Customers with the needs in M&A transactions and debt and equity capital markets are referred to MUS, the securities arm of the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group; therefore we can fully meet our customers’ needs in CIB services as a whole.

 

Capital Markets.    The unit provides arrangement services relating to private placements for mainly medium-sized enterprise issuers and institutional investors. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, we arranged 4,318 issuances totaling ¥948.0 billion.

 

Derivatives.    The unit develops and offers derivatives products for risk management and other financial needs. The unit has trading desks and sales teams specializing in derivatives.

 

Securitization.    In the securitization area, the unit is primarily engaged in asset-backed commercial paper programs and has securitization teams based in Tokyo, New York and London. The unit continues to develop and structure new types of transactions.

 

Syndicated loans.    The unit structures and syndicates many types of loan transactions, including term loans, revolving credit and structured transactions. The unit has loan syndication operations in Tokyo, New York, London, Hong Kong and Singapore. We arranged syndicated loans with an aggregate principal amount totaling $109.4 billion in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.

 

Structured finance.    The unit engages in project finance, real estate finance, lease related finance, leveraged finance, and other types of non-recourse or limited-recourse and structured financings. The unit provides customers with financial advisory services, loan arrangements and agency services. The unit has teams located in Tokyo, Hong Kong, Singapore, London, New York and Boston.

 

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Other services.    In the United States, the unit offers leasing services through two subsidiaries, BTMU Capital Corporation and BTMU Leasing & Finance. BTMU Capital Corporation offers a wide range of leasing services to non-Japanese customers, while BTMU Leasing & Finance focuses on providing services to subsidiaries and affiliates of Japanese corporations in the United States.

 

   

Commercial Banking

 

Financing and fund management.    The unit advises on financing methods to meet various financing needs, including loans with derivatives, corporate bonds, commercial paper, asset backed securities, securitization programs and syndicated loans. The unit also offers a wide range of products to meet fund management needs, such as deposits with derivatives, government bonds, debenture notes and investment funds.

 

Advice on business expansion overseas.    The unit provides advisory services to clients launching businesses overseas, particularly for Japanese companies expanding into other Asian countries.

 

Risk management.    The unit offers swaps, options and other types of risk-hedge programs for customers seeking to reduce various business risks such as interest rate risks and exchange rate risks.

 

Corporate management/financial strategies.    The unit provides advisory services to customers in the areas of mergers and acquisitions, inheritance-related business transfers and stock listings. The unit also helps customers develop financial strategies to restructure their balance sheets. These strategies include the use of credit lines, factoring services and securitization of real estate.

 

Corporate welfare facilities.    The unit offers products and administrative services to help customers with employee benefit plans. As a service to customers, the unit often provides housing loans to their employees. The unit also provides company-sponsored employee savings plans and defined contribution plans.

 

   

Transaction Banking

 

Settlement services.    The unit provides online banking services that allow customers to electronically conduct financial transactions such as domestic and overseas remittances. The unit’s settlement and cash management services include global settlement services, Global Cash Management Services, a global pooling/netting service, and Treasury Station, a fund management system for group companies. These services are particularly useful to customers who do business worldwide.

 

Global Business Unit

 

Our global business unit provides a full range of banking services not only to the overseas operations of Japanese corporations but also to non-Japanese corporations. The unit serves these customers through a global network of 59 overseas branches and sub-branches, 15 representative offices and overseas subsidiary banks.

 

Overseas business support.    The unit provides a full range of financial services to support customers’ overseas activities, including financing, settlement and custody services, in cooperation with other business units, divisions and groups such as the global markets unit, the corporate banking business unit and the trust business division. These financial services are also offered through subsidiaries such as MUS, Mitsubishi UFJ Securities International plc and BTMU Capital Corporation.

 

Global Cash Management Service.    The unit offers the Global Cash Management Service through its foreign branches in corporation with the eBusiness & IT initiatives division. This service allows customers to monitor their foreign accounts and make remittances through their personal computers.

 

Banking Operation in the United States.    With a particular focus on California, the unit provides a wide range of financial services to consumers, small businesses, middle-market companies and major corporations through UnionBanCal Corporation, or UNBC, a publicly traded U.S. commercial bank holding company listed

 

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on the NYSE. As of March 31, 2008, we owned 65% of UNBC and UNBC comprised, and continues to comprise, a significant portion of our global business unit. Union Bank of California, N.A., or UBOC, UNBC’s subsidiary, is one of the largest commercial banks in California based on total assets and total deposits. On August 29, 2008, BTMU commenced a cash tender offer for all of the outstanding common shares of UNBC not held by us to make UNBC our wholly owned subsidiary. For more information on the tender offer and the planned second-step merger, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Recent Developments.”

 

Global Markets Unit

 

The global markets unit is active in international financial markets, with global markets divisions in Tokyo, New York, London, Singapore and Hong Kong. The three primary functions of the global markets unit are sales and trading, Asset and Liability Management (ALM) and strategic portfolio investment. Additionally, the global markets unit manages our overall credit portfolio with the corporate banking business unit.

 

The three main functions of the global markets unit are as follows:

 

Sales and Trading.    The global markets unit is a leading market maker for derivatives and foreign exchange markets in Tokyo. It has a large market share in the US dollar-Japanese yen foreign exchange and currency options markets, as well as in other major cross-yen currency pairs. The unit also actively trades in the Japanese government bonds secondary market. In addition, it works with our other business units to provide various financial products for customers, such as interest rate derivatives, foreign currency forward agreements, currency options and commercial paper.

 

ALM: Asset Liability Management.    The global markets unit is responsible for our asset and liability management, and centrally monitors and manages all interest rate and liquidity risks by utilizing U.S. and Japanese government securities, asset-backed securities, interest rate swaps, futures and options. We are a leader in yen-dominated markets. The global markets unit is also globally active in the international money markets.

 

Strategic Portfolio Investment.    The global markets unit also manages our strategic investment portfolio. In order to enhance returns, we manage the portfolio utilizing well-diversified investment tools, including exchange traded funds and commodity funds.

 

In addition to the three functions above, the global markets unit also provides the following function:

 

Credit Portfolio Management.    The global markets unit and the corporate banking business unit manage credit risks, utilizing credit derivatives or distributing loans to investors, in order to optimize the return/risk of our overall credit portfolio.

 

Operations and Systems Unit

 

Through the operations and systems unit, we provide operations and settlement services to our other business units. The unit also earns fee income by providing settlement and remittance services, including correspondent banking services, to our customers and yen custody services to international institutional investors. In addition, the unit also offers competitive operations and settlement services to other financial institutions to meet their outsourcing needs.

 

Operations services.    The operations services planning division of our operations and systems unit provides operations services for the commercial banking activities of the retail banking, corporate banking and global business units. We have expanded centralized processes at our operations centers, which increases the efficiency of our branch offices.

 

The retail operations planning division controls operational procedures at our branch offices, and provides guidance, assistance, education, and training for them. Our retail operations planning division is under a joint supervision by the operations and systems unit as well as the retail banking business unit.

 

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The trade business division offers outsourcing services in foreign remittance, export and import operations for Japanese financial institutions. As of March 31, 2008, 90 Japanese banks utilized our foreign remittance services offered under our Global Operation Automatic Link (GOAL) service, and 69 Japanese banks outsourced their export and import operations to us.

 

Correspondent banking and settlement.    The transaction services division (formerly named the payment and clearing services division) of our operations and systems unit maintains financial institutions’ accounts with correspondent arrangements. As of March 31, 2008, we had correspondent arrangements with 3,008 foreign banks and other financial institutions, of which 1,771 had yen settlement accounts with us. We also had correspondent arrangements with 133 Japanese financial institutions, for which we held 185 yen and foreign currency accounts.

 

The Foreign Exchange Yen Clearing System (FXYCS) in Japan introduced an entrustment procedure for yen clearing through which banks may entrust other banks to conduct yen clearing for them. As of March 31, 2008, 63 regional and foreign banks in Japan outsourced their yen clearing operations to us. We handled approximately 31% of these transactions based on transaction amounts and are a market leader in the yen settlement business.

 

Our transaction services division is also taking the initiative in the global implementation of the Continuous Linked Settlement (CLS) operation, which is intended to eliminate settlement risks when foreign exchange deals are settled. Further, since December 2006, the division is responsible for the custody business for international institutional investors who invest in Japanese yen securities.

 

Indirect interface channels.    The retail banking customer center, the retail banking video counter center and the corporate banking customer service center conduct retail & corporate banking operations through indirect interface channels such as internet, television, telephone and mobile phones. The direct channel services division is in charge of supervising the operations of the three centers.

 

The systems division is responsible for our computer systems.

 

Other Business Division

 

In addition to the above, we also have other divisions, including:

 

   

trust and asset management business promotion for companies, including defined contribution plans;

 

   

eBusiness & IT initiatives, which is responsible for developing and overseeing our information technology as well as related business opportunities; and

 

   

the corporate center, which retains functions such as our strategic planning, overall risk management, internal auditing and compliance.

 

Competition

 

We face strong competition in all of our principal areas of operation. The deregulation of the Japanese financial markets as well as structural reforms in the regulation of the financial industry have resulted in dramatic changes in the Japanese financial system. Structural reforms have prompted Japanese banks to merge or reorganize their operations, thus changing the nature of the competition from other financial institutions as well as from other types of businesses.

 

Japan

 

Deregulation.    Competition in Japan has intensified as a result of the relaxation of regulations relating to Japanese financial institutions. Most of the restrictions that served to limit competition were lifted before 2000. Deregulation has eliminated barriers between different types of Japanese financial institutions, which are now able to compete directly against one another. Deregulation and market factors have also facilitated the entry of various large foreign financial institutions into the Japanese domestic market.

 

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The Banking Law, as amended, now permits banks to engage in the securities business by establishing or otherwise owning domestic and overseas securities subsidiaries with the approval of the Financial Services Agency, an agency of the Cabinet Office. The Banking Law is expected to be further amended in the fall of 2008 to expand the range of permitted business. Further increases in competition among financial institutions are expected in these new areas of permissible activities.

 

In terms of recent market entrants, other financial institutions, such as Orix Corporation, and non-financial companies have also begun to offer various banking services, often through non-traditional distribution channels. Also, in recent years, various large foreign financial institutions have significantly expanded their presence in the Japanese domestic market. Citigroup, for example, has expanded its banking activities and moved aggressively to provide investment banking and other financial services, including retail services, and, through its recent acquisition of Nikko Cordial Corporation, securities brokerage services. The privatization of Japan Post, a government-run public services corporation that is the world’s largest holder of deposits, and the establishment of Japan Post Bank Co., Ltd. that followed in October 2007, as well as the planned privatization of other governmental financial institutions, could also substantially increase competition within the financial services industry.

 

In the corporate banking sector, the principal effect of these reforms has been the increase in competition as two structural features of Japan’s highly specialized and segmented financial system have eroded:

 

   

the separation of banking and securities businesses in Japan; and

 

   

the distinctions among the permissible activities of Japan’s two principal types of private banking institutions. For a discussion of the two principal types of private banking institutions, see “—The Japanese Financial System.”

 

In addition, in recent years, Japanese corporations are increasingly raising funds by accessing the capital markets, both within Japan and overseas, resulting in a decline in demand for loan financing. Furthermore, as foreign exchange controls have been generally eliminated, customers can now have direct access to foreign financial institutions, with which we must also compete.

 

In the consumer banking sector, deregulation has enabled banks to offer customers an increasingly attractive and diversified range of products. For example, banks may now sell investment trusts and insurance products. We will face competition in this sector from other private financial institutions including Japan Post Group companies. Recently, competition has also increased due to the development of new products and distribution channels. For example, Japanese banks have started competing with one another by developing innovative proprietary computer technologies that allow them to deliver basic banking services in a more efficient manner and to create sophisticated new products in response to customer demand.

 

The trust assets business is a promising growth area that is competitive and becoming more so because of changes in the industry. In addition, there is growing corporate demand for change in the trust regulatory environment, such as reform of the pension system and related accounting regulations under Japanese GAAP. However, competition may increase in the future as regulatory barriers to entry are lowered. The amendment to the trust business law that came into effect on December 30, 2004 expanded the types of property that can be entrusted and allowed non-financial companies to conduct trust business upon approval, among other things. The amended trust business law also adopted a type of registration for companies that wish to conduct only the administration type trust business. These regulatory developments have facilitated the expansion of the trust business, but competition in this area has also intensified.

 

Integration.    Another major reason for heightened competition in Japan is the integration and reorganization of Japanese financial institutions. In 1998, amendments were made to the Banking Law to allow the establishment of bank holding companies, and this development together with various factors, such as the decline of institutional strength caused by the bad loan crisis and intensifying global competition, resulted in a number of integrations involving major banks in recent years.

 

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Foreign

 

In the United States, we face substantial competition in all aspects of our business. We face competition from other large US and foreign-owned money-center banks, as well as from similar institutions that provide financial services. Through Union Bank of California N.A., or UBOC, we currently compete principally with US and foreign-owned money-center and regional banks, thrift institutions, insurance companies, asset management companies, investment advisory companies, consumer finance companies, credit unions and other financial institutions.

 

In other international markets, we face competition from commercial banks and similar financial institutions, particularly major international banks and the leading domestic banks in the local financial markets in which we conduct business.

 

The Japanese Financial System

 

Japanese financial institutions may be categorized into three types:

 

   

the central bank, namely the Bank of Japan;

 

   

private banking institutions; and

 

   

government financial institutions.

 

The Bank of Japan

 

The Bank of Japan’s role is to maintain price stability and the stability of the financial system to ensure a solid foundation for sound economic development.

 

Private Banking Institutions

 

Private banking institutions in Japan are commonly classified into two categories (the following numbers are based on available information published by the Financial Services Agency as of August 19, 2008):

 

   

ordinary banks (130 ordinary banks and 63 foreign commercial banks with ordinary banking operations); and

 

   

trust banks (20 trust banks).

 

Ordinary banks in turn are classified as city banks, of which there are five, including us, and regional banks, of which there are 110 and other banks, of which there are 15. In general, the operations of ordinary banks correspond to commercial banking operations in the United States. City banks and regional banks are distinguished based on head office location as well as the size and scope of their operations.

 

The city banks are generally considered to constitute the largest and most influential group of banks in Japan. Generally, these banks are based in large cities, such as Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya, and operate nationally through networks of branch offices. City banks have traditionally emphasized their business with large corporate clients, including the major industrial companies in Japan. However, in light of deregulation and other competitive factors, many of these banks, including us, in recent years have increased their emphasis on other markets, such as small and medium-sized companies and retail banking.

 

With some exceptions, the regional banks tend to be much smaller in terms of total assets than the city banks. Each of the regional banks is based in one of the Japanese prefectures and extends its operations into neighboring prefectures. Their clients are mostly regional enterprises and local public utilities, although the regional banks also lend to large corporations. In line with the recent trend among financial institutions toward mergers or business tie-ups, various regional banks have announced or are currently negotiating or pursuing integration transactions, in many cases in order to be able to undertake the large investments required in information technology.

 

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Trust banks provide various trust services relating to money trusts, pension trusts and investment trusts and offer other services relating to real estate, stock transfer agency and testamentary services as well as banking services.

 

In recent years, almost all of the city banks have consolidated with other city banks and also, in some cases, with trust banks. Integration among these banks was achieved, in most cases, through the use of a bank holding company.

 

In addition to ordinary banks and trust banks, other private financial institutions in Japan, including shinkin banks or credit associations, and credit cooperatives, are engaged primarily in making loans to small businesses and individuals.

 

Government Financial Institutions

 

Since World War II, a number of government financial institutions have been established. These corporations are wholly owned by the government and operate under its supervision. Their funds are provided mainly from government sources. Certain types of operations currently undertaken by these institutions are planned to be assumed by, or integrated with the operations of, private corporations through privatization and other measures.

 

Among them are the following:

 

   

The Development Bank of Japan, whose purpose is to contribute to the economic development of Japan by extending long-term loans, mainly to primary and secondary sector industries, which is scheduled to be privatized on October 1, 2008;

 

   

Japan Bank for International Cooperation, whose purpose is to supplement and encourage the private financing of exports, imports, overseas investments and overseas economic cooperation;

 

   

Japan Finance Corporation for Small and Medium Enterprise, National Life Finance Corporation, and The Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Finance Corporation, the purpose of each of which is to supplement private financing in its relevant field of activity; and

 

   

The Postal Service Agency, which was reorganized in April 2003 into Japan Post Bank Co., Ltd., a government-run public services corporation which was privatized on October 1, 2007.

 

Supervision and Regulation

 

Japan

 

Supervision.    As a result of the deregulation and structural reforms in the Japanese financial industry, Japanese financial institutions gained the opportunity to provide a wider range of financial products and options to their clients, while at the same time becoming subject to stricter control and supervision.

 

After several reorganizations of Japanese governmental agencies, the Financial Services Agency was established as an agency of the Cabinet Office in 1998. It is responsible for supervising and inspecting financial institutions, making policy for the overall Japanese financial system and conducting insolvency proceedings with respect to financial institutions. The Bank of Japan, as the central bank for financial institutions, conducts “on-site inspections,” in which its staff visits financial institutions and inspects the assets and risk management systems of those institutions.

 

The Banking Law.    Among the various laws that regulate financial institutions, the Banking Law and its subordinated orders and ordinances are regarded as the fundamental law for ordinary banks and other private financial institutions. The Banking Law addresses bank holding companies, capital adequacy, inspections and reporting, as well as the scope of business activities, disclosure, accounting, limitation on granting credit and standards for arm’s length transactions. In addition, the amendment to the Banking Law which came into effect

 

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in April 2006 relaxed the standards relating to bank-agent eligibility, which encourages to encourage banks to expand their operations through the use of bank agents. Banks and other financial institutions will be required to establish an internal control system to cope with conflicts of interest as a result of the recent amendments to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law, Banking Law and Insurance Business Law which are to take effect by June 2009.

 

Bank holding company regulations.    A bank holding company is prohibited from carrying on any business other than the management of its subsidiaries and other incidental businesses. A bank holding company may have any of the following as a subsidiary: a bank, a securities company, an insurance company and a foreign subsidiary that is engaged in the banking, securities or insurance business. In addition, a bank holding company may have as a subsidiary any company that is engaged in a finance-related business, such as a credit card company, a leasing company or an investment advisory company. Certain companies that are designated by a ministerial ordinance at those that cultivate new business fields may also become the subsidiary of a bank holding company. The recent amendment to the Banking Law which is to take effect by June 2009 will expand a range of permitted subsidiaries. Particularly this amendment will permit a bank holding company which satisfies certain requirement on financial soundness and appropriate risk control to have a subsidiary engaging in commodity transactions.

 

Capital adequacy.    The capital adequacy guidelines adopted by the Financial Services Agency that are applicable to Japanese bank holding companies and banks with international operations closely follow the risk-weighted approach introduced by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision of the Bank for International Settlements, or BIS. In June 2004, the Basel Committee released revised standards called “International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: A Revised Framework,” or Basel II, which has become applicable to Japanese banks since the end of March 2007. Basel II has three core elements, or “pillars”: requiring minimum regulatory capital, the self-regulation of financial institutions based on supervisory review, and market discipline through the disclosure of information. Basel II is based on the belief that these three “pillars” will collectively ensure the stability and soundness of financial systems, and also reflect the nature of risks at each bank more closely. These amendments do not change the minimum capital requirements applicable to internationally active banks.

 

Basel II provides more risk-sensitive approaches and a range of options for measuring risks and determining the capital requirements. As a result, Basel II also reflects the nature of risks at each bank more closely. Under Basel II, MUFG and its subsidiary banks, including us, adopted the Foundation Internal Ratings-Based Approach, or IRB approach, to calculate capital requirements for credit risk. The Standardised Approach is used for some subsidiaries that are considered to be immaterial to the overall MUFG capital requirements and a few subsidiaries adopted a phased rollout of the IRB approach. MUFG and its subsidiary banks adopted the Standardised Approach to calculate capital requirements for operational risk. As for market risk, MUFG and its subsidiary banks, including us, adopted the Internal Models Approach mainly to calculate general market risk and adopted the Standardised Methodology to calculate specific risk.

 

The capital adequacy guidelines are in accordance with the standards of the Bank for International Settlement for a target minimum standard ratio of capital to modified risk-weighted assets of 8.0% on both consolidated and non-consolidated bases for banks with international operations, including us and MUTB or on a consolidated basis for bank holding companies with international operations, such as MUFG. Modified risk-weighted assets is the sum of risk-weighted assets compiled for credit risk purposes, market risks equivalent amount divided by 8% and operational risks equivalent amount divided by 8%. The capital adequacy guidelines place considerable emphasis on tangible common stockholders’ equity as the core element of the capital base, with appropriate recognition of other components of capital.

 

Capital is classified into three tiers, referred to as Tier I, Tier II and Tier III. Tier I capital generally consists of stockholders’ equity items, including common stock, preferred stock, capital surplus, retained earnings (which includes deferred tax assets) and minority interests, but recorded goodwill and other items, such as treasury stock, are deducted from Tier I capital. Tier II capital generally consists of:

 

   

The amount (up to a maximum of 0.6% of credit risk-weighted assets) that eligible reserves for credit losses exceed expected losses in the IRB approach, and general reserves for credit losses, subject to a

 

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limit of 1.25% of modified risk-weighted assets in the partial use of the Standardised Approach (including a phased rollout of the IRB approach);

 

   

45% of the unrealized gains on investment securities classified as “other securities” under Japanese accounting rules;

 

   

45% of the land revaluation excess;

 

   

the balance of perpetual subordinated debt; and

 

   

the balance of subordinated term debt with an original maturity of over five years and preferred stock with a maturity up to 50% of Tier I capital.

 

Tier III capital generally consists of short-term subordinated debt with an original maturity of at least two years and which is subject to a “lock-in” provision, which stipulates that neither interest nor principal may be paid if such payment would cause the bank’s overall capital amount to be less than its minimum capital requirement. At least 50% of the minimum total capital requirements must be maintained in the form of Tier I capital.

 

Amendments to the capital adequacy guidelines limiting the portion of Tier I capital consisting of deferred tax assets became effective on March 31, 2006. The restrictions are targeted at major Japanese banks and their holding companies, which include Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. and its subsidiary banks. The cap was initially set at 40% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 and 30% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. It has been lowered to 20% since the fiscal year ending March 31, 2008. The banks subject to the restrictions will not be able to reflect any deferred tax assets that exceed the relevant limit in their capital adequacy ratios.

 

Inspection and reporting.    By evaluating banks’ systems of self-assessment, auditing their accounts and reviewing their compliance with laws and regulations, the Financial Services Agency monitors the financial soundness of banks, including the status and performance of their control systems for business activities. The Financial Services Agency implemented the Financial Inspection Rating System (“FIRST”) for deposit-taking financial institutions which has become applicable since April 1, 2007. By providing inspection results in the form of graded evaluations (i.e., ratings), the Financial Services Agency expects this rating system to motivate financial institutions to voluntarily improve their management and operations. Additionally, the Financial Services Agency currently takes the “better regulation” approach in its financial regulation and supervision. This consists of four pillars: optimal combination of rules-based and principles-based supervisory approaches; timely recognition of priority issues and effective response; encouraging voluntary efforts by financial firms and placing greater emphasis on providing them with incentives; improving the transparency and predictability of regulatory actions, in pursuit of improvement of the quality of financial regulation and supervision.

 

The Financial Services Agency, if necessary to secure the sound and appropriate operation of a bank’s business, may request the submission of reports or materials from, or conduct an on-site inspection of, the bank or the bank holding company. If a bank’s capital adequacy ratio falls below a specified level, the Financial Services Agency may request the bank to submit an improvement plan and may restrict or suspend the bank’s operations when it determines that action is necessary.

 

The Bank of Japan also conducts inspections of banks similar to those undertaken by the Financial Services Agency. The Bank of Japan Law provides that the Bank of Japan and financial institutions may agree as to the form of inspection to be conducted by the Bank of Japan.

 

Laws limiting shareholdings of banks.    The provisions of the Anti-Monopoly Law that prohibit a bank from holding more than 5% of another company’s voting rights do not apply to a bank holding company. However, the Banking Law prohibits a bank holding company and its subsidiaries from holding, on an aggregated basis, more than 15% of the voting rights of companies other than those which can legally become subsidiaries of bank holding companies.

 

On September 30, 2006, a law which imposes a limitation on a bank’s shareholding of up to the amount equivalent to its Tier I capital took effect.

 

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Financial Instruments and Exchange Law.    The Financial Instruments and Exchange Law amending the Securities and Exchange Law in its most parts became effective on September 30, 2007. The new law not only preserves the basic concepts of the Securities and Exchange Law, but is also intended to further protect investors. The new law also regulates sales of a wide range of financial instruments and services, requiring financial institutions to revise their sales rules and strengthen compliance frameworks and procedures accordingly. Among the instruments that the Japanese banks deal with, derivatives, foreign currency denominated deposits, and variable insurance and annuity products are subject to regulations that are applicable to securities covered by sales-related rules of conduct.

 

Article 33 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law generally prohibits banks from engaging in the securities business, as it was provided in Article 65 of the Securities and Exchange Law. Under certain circumstances, registered banks are allowed to provide securities intermediation services and certain types of securities business.

 

The recent amendment to the Banking Law which is to take effect by June 2009 will require a bank to implement an internal system to appropriately control and monitor conflict of interest issues among a bank and its affiliated financial institutions, including a securities company and an insurance company.

 

Anti-money laundering laws.    Under the Law for Punishment of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds, banks and other financial institutions are required to report to the competent minister, in the case of banks, the Commissioner of the Financial Services Agency, any assets which they receive while conducting their businesses that are suspected of being illicit profits from criminal activity.

 

Law concerning trust business conducted by financial institutions.    Under the Trust Business Law, joint stock companies that are licensed by the Prime Minister as trust companies are allowed to conduct trust business. In addition, under the Law Concerning Concurrent Operation for Trust Business by Financial Institutions, banks and other financial institutions, as permitted by the Prime Minister, are able to conduct trust business. The Trust Business Law was amended in December 2004 to expand the types of property that can be entrusted, to allow non-financial companies to conduct trust business and to allow a new type of registration for trustees who conduct only administration type trust business. The trust business Law was further amended in December 2006, in order to cope with new types of trust and to amend the duties imposed on the trustee in accordance with the sweeping amendment to the Trust Law.

 

Deposit insurance system and government investment in financial institutions.    The Deposit Insurance Law is intended to protect depositors if a financial institution fails to meet its obligations. The Deposit Insurance Corporation was established in accordance with that law.

 

City banks, regional banks, trust banks, and various other credit institutions participate in the deposit insurance system on a compulsory basis.

 

Under the Deposit Insurance Law, the maximum amount of protection is ¥10 million per customer within one bank. Since April 1, 2005, all deposits are subject to the ¥10 million maximum, except non-interest bearing deposits that are redeemable on demand and used by the depositor primarily for payment and settlement functions or, the settlement accounts, which are fully protected without a maximum amount limitation. Currently, the Deposit Insurance Corporation charges insurance premiums equal to 0.108% on the deposits in current accounts, ordinary accounts and other similar accounts, which are fully protected as mentioned above, and premiums equal to 0.081% on the deposits in other accounts.

 

Starting in April 2001, amendments to the Deposit Insurance Law established a new framework which enables the Deposit Insurance Corporation to inject capital into a bank if the Commissioner of the Financial Services Agency recognizes that it must do so to guard against financial systemic risk.

 

On June 14, 2004, the Strengthening Financial Functions Law was enacted to establish a new framework for injecting public funds into financial institutions. The Strengthening Financial Functions Law broadens the range of financial institutions eligible to receive public funds and facilitates the preventive injection of public funds

 

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into troubled or potentially troubled financial institutions in order to avert financial crises. However, due date for this applications for public-funds injection under the Strengthening Financial Functions Law was March 31, 2008, and was not extended.

 

Personal Information Protection Law.    With regards to protection of personal information, current Personal Information Protection Law became fully effective on April 1, 2005. Among other matters, the law requires Japanese banking institutions to limit the use of personal information to the stated purpose and to properly manage the personal information in their possession, and forbids them from providing personal information to third parties without consent. If a bank violates certain provisions of the law, the Financial Services Agency may advise or order the bank to take proper action. The Financial Services Agency announced related guidelines for the financial services sector in December 2004.

 

Law concerning Protection of Depositors from Illegal Withdrawals Made by Counterfeit or Stolen Cards.    This law became effective in February 2006, and requires financial institutions to establish internal systems to prevent illegal withdrawals of deposits made using counterfeit or stolen bank cards. The law also requires financial institutions to compensate depositors for any amount illegally withdrawn using counterfeit bank cards, unless the financial institution can verify that it acted in good faith without negligence, and there is gross negligence on the part of the relevant account holder.

 

Recent Regulatory Actions.    In February 2007, BTMU received an administrative order from the Financial Services Agency of Japan in respect of compliance management at certain of its operations regarding the occurrence of certain inappropriate transactions. The administrative order required, among other things, temporary suspensions of credit extensions to new corporate customers, training of all staff and directors regarding compliance, temporary suspension of the establishment of new domestic corporate business locations, strengthening of the management and internal control framework, presentation and implementation of a business improvement plan, and reports on the progress of such business improvement plan. Further, in June 2007, BTMU received separate administrative orders from the Financial Services Agency of Japan in respect of its overseas business and its investment trust sales and related business. The administrative orders require BTMU to make improvements of its compliance structure and related internal control functions in its overseas business and its domestic investment trust sales and related business, presentation and implementation of a business improvement plan, and reports on the progress of such business improvement plan.

 

Proposed government reforms to restrict maximum interest rates on consumer lending business.    The Japanese government is implementing regulatory reforms affecting the consumer lending industry. In December 2006, the Diet passed legislation to reduce the maximum permissible interest rate under the Law Concerning Acceptance of Investment, Cash Deposit and Interest Rate etc., which is currently 29.2% per annum, to 20% per annum. Currently, consumer finance companies are able to charge interest rates exceeding the limits stipulated by the Interest Rate Restriction Law provided that they satisfy certain conditions set forth in the Law Concerning Lending Business. Accordingly, BTMU’s consumer finance subsidiaries and equity method investees offer loans at interest rates above the Interest Rate Restriction Law. This so-called “gray-zone interest” will be abolished as well. Such reduction in the maximum permissible interest rate will be implemented before mid-2010. Under the reforms, all interest rates will be subject to the lower limits (15-20% per annum) imposed by the Interest Rate Restriction Law, which will compel, or has already compelled lending institutions to lower the interest rates they charge borrowers.

 

In addition, currently, consumer finance companies that satisfy certain conditions are able to charge interest rates exceeding the limits stipulated by the Interest Rate Restriction Law. Recently, the Supreme Court of Japan passed decisions concerning interest exceeding the limits stipulated by the Interest Rate Restriction Law, and the business environment for consumer finance companies in Japan has been altered in favor of borrowers. Due to such environmental changes, borrowers’ demands for reimbursement of such excess interest that they have once paid to the consumer finance companies have continued to be significantly high. Furthermore, new regulations that are scheduled to be effective before mid-2010 are expected to require, among other things, consumer finance companies to review the repayment capability of borrowers before lending, thereby limiting the amount of borrowing available to individual borrowers.

 

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United States

 

As a result of our operations in the United States, we are subject to extensive US federal and state supervision and regulation.

 

Overall supervision and regulation.    We are subject to supervision, regulation and examination with respect to our US operations, by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or FRB, pursuant to the US Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, or BHCA, because we are a bank holding company, or BHC, and the International Banking Act of 1978, or IBA, because we are a foreign banking organization, or FBO.

 

The FRB functions as our “umbrella” supervisor under amendments to the BHCA effected by the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, or GLBA, which among other things:

 

   

prohibited further expansion of the types of activities in which bank holding companies, acting directly or through nonbank subsidiaries, may engage;

 

   

authorized qualifying bank holding companies to opt to become “financial holding companies,” (each a “FHC”) and thereby acquire the authority to engage in an expanded list of activities, including merchant banking, insurance underwriting and a full range of securities activities; and

 

   

modified the role of the Federal Reserve Board by specifying new relationships between the Federal Reserve Board and the functional regulators of nonbank subsidiaries of both bank holding companies and financial holding companies.

 

We have not elected to become a financial holding company.

 

Applicable U.S. banking laws generally prohibit a BHC or FBO that maintains branches or agencies in the United States from, directly or indirectly, acquiring more than 5% of the voting shares of any company engaged in nonbanking activities in the United States unless that BHC or FBO has elected to become a FHC or the FRB has determined, by order or regulation, that such nonbanking activities are so closely related to banking as to be a proper incident thereto and has granted its approval to the BHC or FBO for such an acquisition. These laws also require such BHC or FBO to obtain the prior approval of an appropriate federal banking authority before acquiring, directly or indirectly, the ownership of more than 5% of the voting shares or control of any US bank or BHC. In addition, under the BHCA, a US bank or a US branch or agency of a FBO is prohibited from engaging in various tying arrangements involving it or its affiliates in connection with any extension of credit, sale or lease of any property or provision of any services.

 

U.S. branches and agencies of subsidiary Japanese banks.    Under the authority of the IBA, we operate six branches, two agencies and five representative offices in the United States. We operate branches in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California; Chicago, Illinois; New York, New York; Portland, Oregon; and Seattle, Washington; agencies in Atlanta, Georgia and Houston, Texas; and representative offices in Washington, D.C; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Dallas, Texas; Jersey City, New Jersey; and Florence, Kentucky.

 

The IBA provides, among other things, that the FRB may examine US branches and agencies of foreign banks, and that each such branch and agency shall be subject to on-site examination by the appropriate federal or state bank supervisor as frequently as would a U.S. bank. The IBA also provides that if the FRB determines the FBO is not subject to comprehensive supervision or regulation on a consolidated basis by the appropriate authorities in its home country, or if there is reasonable cause to believe that the FBO or its affiliate has committed a violation of law or engaged in an unsafe or unsound banking practice in the United States, the Federal Reserve Board may order the foreign bank to terminate activities conducted at a branch or agency in the United States.

 

FBO US branches and agencies must be licensed, and are also supervised and regulated by a state or by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, or OCC, the federal regulator of national banks. All of our branches and agencies in the United States are state-licensed. Under US federal banking laws, state-licensed branches and

 

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agencies of foreign banks may engage only in activities that would be permissible for their federally-licensed counterparts, unless the FRB determines that the additional activity is consistent with sound practices. US federal banking laws also subject state-licensed branches and agencies to the single-borrower lending limits that apply to federal branches and agencies, which generally are the same as the lending limits applicable to national banks. However, local lending limit laws of the state in which an office is located will control, if they are more restrictive. In all cases, these limits are calculated based on the entire bank’s capital.

 

As an example of state supervision, our branch in New York is licensed by the New York State Superintendent of Banks, or the Superintendent, pursuant to the New York Banking Law. Under the New York Banking Law and the Superintendent’s Regulations, we must maintain with banks in the State of New York eligible assets as defined and in amounts determined by the Superintendent. The New York branch must also submit written reports concerning its assets and liabilities and other matters, to the extent required by the Superintendent, and is examined at periodic intervals by the New York State Banking Department. In addition, the Superintendent is authorized to take possession of our business and property located in New York whenever events specified in the New York Banking Law occur.

 

US subsidiary banks.    We own and control two US banks.

 

   

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Trust Company, New York, New York, or BTMUT.

 

   

UBOC through our subsidiary, UNBC, which is a registered bank holding company.

 

BTMUT is chartered by the State of New York and is subject to the supervision, examination and regulatory authority of the Superintendent pursuant to the New York Banking Law. UBOC is a national bank chartered by, and subject to the supervision, examination and regulatory authority of, the OCC pursuant to the National Bank Act.

 

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, is the primary federal agency responsible for the supervision, examination and regulation of BTMUT. The FDIC may take enforcement action, including the issuance of prohibitive and affirmative orders, if it determines that a financial institution under its supervision has engaged in unsafe or unsound banking practices, or has committed violations of applicable laws or regulations. The FDIC insures the deposits of both BTMUT and UBOC. In the event of the irreparable financial degradation of an FDIC-insured bank or the occurrence of certain other substantial adverse events impacting such bank, the FDIC is virtually certain to be appointed as receiver, and would resolve the bank’s affairs consistent with the powers conferred under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act. Moreover, an FDIC-insured institution that is affiliated with a bank subject to FDIC receivership can be required to indemnify the FDIC for losses resulting from that receivership, even if this causes the affiliated FDIC-insured bank to also become subject to FDIC receivership. In the liquidation or other resolution of a failed FDIC-insured bank, the repayment of claims arising from deposits in its US offices, and other claims for administrative expenses and employee compensation, are afforded priority over other general unsecured claims, including claims arising from deposits in the same bank’s offices located outside the US, non-deposit obligations relating to all bank offices’ conduct of business and obligations to a parent company. Moreover, under longstanding FRB policy, a BHC is expected to act as a source of financial strength for its subsidiary banks and, to the extent it is able to do so, commit resources necessary to support the ongoing conduct of business by those banks.

 

Bank capital requirements and capital distributions.    Our US banking subsidiaries, BTMUT and UBOC, and UNBC, our US subsidiary bank holding company, are subject to applicable risk-based and leverage capital guidelines issued by US regulators for banks and bank holding companies. All of our US subsidiary banks are “well capitalized” under those guidelines as they apply to banks, and our US subsidiary bank holding company exceeds all minimum regulatory capital requirements applicable to domestic bank holding companies. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991, or FDICIA, provides, among other things, for expanded regulation of insured depository institutions, including banks, and their parent holding companies. As required by FDICIA, the federal banking agencies have established five capital tiers ranging from “well capitalized” to “critically undercapitalized” for each entity. As an entity’s capital position deteriorates, the

 

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federal banking regulators may take progressively stronger actions, such as further restricting affiliate transactions, activities, asset growth or interest payments. In addition, FDICIA generally prohibits an insured depository institution from making capital distributions, including the payment of dividends, or the payment of any management fee to its holding company if the insured depository institution would subsequently become “undercapitalized”.

 

The availability of dividends from insured depository institutions in the United States is limited by various other statutes and regulations. The National Bank Act and other federal laws prohibit the payment of dividends by a national bank under various circumstances and limit the amount a national bank can pay without the prior approval of the OCC. In addition, state-chartered banking institutions are subject to dividend limitations imposed by applicable federal and state laws.

 

Other regulated US subsidiaries.    Our non-bank subsidiaries that engage in securities-related activities in the United States are regulated by appropriate functional regulators, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), any self-regulatory organizations of which they are members, and the appropriate state regulatory agencies. These non-bank subsidiaries are required to meet separate minimum capital standards as imposed by those regulatory authorities.

 

The GLBA removed almost all of the pre-existing statutory barriers to affiliations between commercial banks and securities firms by repealing Sections 20 and 32 of the Glass-Steagall Act. At the same time, however, the so-called GLBA “push-out” provisions narrowed the exclusion of banks, including the US branches of foreign banks, from the definitions of “broker” and “dealer” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, potentially requiring all such banks to transfer some formerly excluded securities activities they conducted to broker-dealers. The SEC has issued rules regarding the push-out of “dealer” functions that became effective on September 30, 2003 has issued rules regarding the push-out requirements for “broker” functions that became effective on September 28, 2007. The rules must be complied with on the first day of each banks’ fiscal year commencing after September 30, 2008. At this time, we do not believe that these push-out rules as adopted will have a significant impact on our business as currently conducted in the United States.

 

Anti-Money Laundering Initiatives and the USA PATRIOT Act.    A major focus of US governmental policy relating to financial institutions in recent years has been aimed at preventing money laundering and terrorist financing. The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 substantially broadened the scope of US anti-money laundering laws and regulations by imposing significant new compliance and due diligence obligations, creating new crimes and penalties, and expanding the extra-territorial application of those legal authorities. The US Department of the Treasury has issued a number of implementing regulations that impose obligations on financial institutions to maintain appropriate policies, procedures and controls to detect, prevent and report money laundering and terrorist financing, and to verify the identity of their customers. In addition, the bank regulatory agencies carefully scrutinize the adequacy of an institution’s policies, procedures and controls. As a result, there has been an increased number of regulatory sanctions and law enforcement authorities have been taking a more active role. Failure of a financial institution to maintain and implement adequate policies, procedures and controls to prevent money laundering and terrorist financing could in some cases have serious legal and reputational consequences for the institution, including the incurring of expenses to enhance the relevant programs, the imposition of limitations on the scope of their operations, and the imposition of fines and other monetary penalties.

 

Recent Regulatory Actions.    In December 2006, MUFG and BTMU entered into a written agreement with the Federal Reserve Banks of San Francisco and New York and the New York State Banking Department, and BTMUT consented to an Order to Cease and Desist issued by the FDIC and the New York State Banking Department, to strengthen the compliance framework of BTMU, its New York Branch and BTMUT, respectively, for preventing anti-money laundering. As a result of the written agreement and the consent to the Order to Cease and Desist, we are required, among other things, to implement corrective measures, submit periodic progress reports to the authorities, and take other actions.

 

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Separately, on September 14, 2007, UBOC agreed to a Consent Order and payment of a civil money penalty of $10.0 million assessed concurrently by the OCC and US Financial Crimes Enforcement Network relating to its Bank Secrecy Act Anti-Money Laundering compliance controls and processes. On September 17, 2007, UBOC also entered into a deferred prosecution agreement with the US Department of Justice under which UBOC agreed to a payment of $21.6 million and the government agreed to defer prosecution of a Bank Secrecy Act Program violation primarily related to UBOC’s discontinued international banking business and to dismiss prosecution if UBOC meets the conditions of the deferred prosecution agreement, including complying with the OCC Consent Order for one year.

 

In October 2004, Union Bank of California International, or UBOCI, a UNBC subsidiary, entered into a written agreement with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York relating to its anti-money laundering controls and processes. With the liquidation of UBOCI in March 2007, the written agreement is no longer effective.

 

The SEC is also currently conducting an inquiry regarding marketing and distribution practices of mutual funds managed by a UBOC subsidiary. Neither we nor UNBC can be certain at this time as to the final results of that inquiry.

 

C.    Organizational Structure

 

MUFG is a holding company for BTMU, MUTB, MUS and other subsidiaries. Through its subsidiaries and affiliated companies, MUFG engages in a broad range of financial operations, including commercial banking, investment management, trust banking and asset management services, and securities business and provide related services to individual and corporate customers.

 

BTMU is a consolidated subsidiary of MUFG and, together with MUTB and MUS, is one of the core companies of the MUFG Group. Together with its subsidiaries and affiliated companies, BTMU engages in a broad range of financial operations, including commercial banking, credit card-related services and provides other financial services, including securities businesses and leasing services.

 

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Set forth below is a list of our principal consolidated subsidiaries at March 31, 2008:

 

Name

   Country of
incorporation
   Proportion of
ownership
interest (%)
   Proportion of
voting
interest (%)

Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd.(1)

   Japan    47.25    47.29

The Senshu Bank, Ltd.

   Japan    67.87    68.03

NBL Co., Ltd.

   Japan    89.74    89.74

Kabu.com Securities Co., Ltd.

   Japan    41.14    41.14

BOT Lease Co., Ltd.

   Japan    17.57    17.57

Mitsubishi UFJ Factors Limited

   Japan    82.65    82.65

Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Ltd.

   Japan    49.56    49.56

MU Frontier Servicer Co., Ltd.

   Japan    94.44    94.44

Tokyo Associates Finance Corporation

   Japan    100.00    100.00

MU Business Engineering, Ltd.

   Japan    100.00    100.00

Tokyo Credit Services, Ltd.

   Japan    72.00    72.00

UnionBanCal Corporation(2)

   USA    65.40    65.40

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Trust Company(3)

   USA    100.00    100.00

BTMU Capital Corporation

   USA    100.00    100.00

BTMU Leasing & Finance, Inc.

   USA    100.00    100.00

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ (Mexico) S.A.

   Mexico    100.00    100.00

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ (Canada)

   Canada    100.00    100.00

Banco de Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Brasil S/A

   Brazil    98.97    98.97

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ (Holland) N.V.

   Netherlands    100.00    100.00

BTMU Lease (Deutschland) GmbH.

   Germany    100.00    100.00

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ (Polska) S.A.

   Poland    100.00    100.00

ZAO Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ (Eurasia)

   Russia    100.00    100.00

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ (China), Ltd.

   China    100.00    100.00

BTMU Participation (Thailand) Co., Ltd.

   Thailand    24.49    24.49

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ (Malaysia) Berhad

   Malaysia    100.00    100.00

PT U Finance Indonesia

   Indonesia    95.00    95.00

PT UFJ-BRI Finance

   Indonesia    55.00    55.00

 

(1)   Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. became a wholly owned subsidiary of MUFG, through a share exchange that became effective on August 1, 2008.
(2)   On August 29, 2008, we commenced a cash tender offer for the all of the outstanding common stock of UnionBanCal Corporation not held by us. For further information, see Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Recent Developments.
(3)   The U.S. custody related business and securities lending related business that were performed by Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Trust Company are being transferred to Mitsubishi UFJ Trust & Banking Corporation (U.S.A.) and Mitsubishi UFJ Trust International Limited, which are wholly owned subsidiaries of MUTB. This transfer is expected to be completed during the second quarter of the fiscal year ending March 31, 2009.

 

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D.    Property, Plants and Equipment

 

The following table presents our premises and equipment at cost as of March 31, 2007 and 2008:

 

     At March 31
     2007    2008
     (in millions)

Land

   312,708    296,775

Buildings

   418,571    431,874

Equipment and furniture

   542,939    555,239

Leasehold improvements

   304,918    312,932

Construction in progress

   12,204    6,496
         

Total

   1,591,340    1,603,316

Less accumulated depreciation

   695,460    774,555
         

Premises and equipment—net

   895,880    828,761
         

 

Our head office is located at 7-1, Marunouchi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, and comprises 1,308,675 square feet of office space. At March 31, 2008, we conducted our banking operations either in our owned premises or in leased properties.

 

The following table presents the areas and book values of our material office and other properties at March 31, 2008:

 

     Area    Book value
     (in thousands of square feet)    (in millions)

Owned land

   17,613    ¥ 296,775

Leased land

   1,856      —  

Owned buildings

   23,994      195,600

Leased buildings

   12,373      —  

 

Our owned buildings and land are primarily used by our branches. Most of the buildings and land owned by us are free from material encumbrances, except as described below.

 

In March 1999, we sold to Mitsubishi Estate, Co., Ltd., or Mitsubishi Estate, a 50% undivided interest in the buildings and land comprising our head office and Nihonbashi office and at the same time, entered into an agreement to lease back from the buyer the 50% undivided interests of the buildings sold for a period of seven years. We accounted for these transactions as financing agreements. On August 31, 2005, we bought back the aforementioned buildings and land from Mitsubishi Estate. For further information, see note 9 to our consolidated financial statements.

 

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, we invested approximately ¥162.8 billion primarily for office renovations and purchases of furniture and equipment.

 

Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments.

 

None.

 

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Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.

 

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with “Item 3.A. Key Information—Selected Financial Data,” “Selected Statistical Data” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

          Page

Roadmap to Reading the Discussion of Our Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

  
  

  Introduction

   41
  

  Recent Developments

   43
  

  Business Environment

   47
  

  Critical Accounting Estimates

   51
  

  Accounting Changes and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

   55

A.

  

Operating Results

   56
  

  Results of Operations

   56
  

  Business Segment Analysis

   67
  

  Geographic Segment Analysis

   71
  

  Effect of the Change in Exchange Rates on Foreign Currency Translation

   72

B.

  

Liquidity and Capital Resources

   73
  

  Financial Condition

   73
  

  Capital Adequacy

   86
  

  Non-exchange Traded Contracts Accounted for at Fair Value

   88

C.

  

Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

   89

D.

  

Trend Information

   89

E.

  

Off-balance-sheet Arrangements

   89

F.

  

Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

   92

G.

  

Safe Harbor

   92

 

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Introduction

 

We are a subsidiary of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., or MUFG. We engage in a broad range of financial operations, including commercial banking, investment banking, asset management and securities-related businesses, and provide related services to individual and corporate customers.

 

Key Financial Figures

 

The following are some key figures prepared in accordance with US GAAP relating to our business.

 

The results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 reflect the pre-merger results of The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd. and its subsidiaries, or the BTM Group, for the six months ended September 30, 2005 and the post-merger results of The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. and its subsidiaries, or the BTMU Group, for the six months ended March 31, 2006.

 

     Fiscal years ended March 31,  
     2006    2007    2008  
     (in billions)  

Net interest income

   ¥ 1,520.5    ¥ 2,165.1    ¥ 2,114.5  

Provision for credit losses

     163.4      341.6      407.2  

Non-interest income

     556.8      1,220.5      1,213.6  

Non-interest expense

     1,616.8      2,172.0      2,886.9  

Net income (loss)

     228.8      460.9      (458.1 )

Total assets (at end of period)

     158,825.7      153,605.2      152,079.2  

 

Our revenues consist of net interest income and non-interest income.

 

Net interest income is a function of:

 

   

the amount of interest-earning assets,

 

   

the general level of interest rates,

 

   

the so-called “spread,” or the difference between the rate of interest earned on interest-earning assets and the rate of interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities, and

 

   

the proportion of interest-earning assets financed by non-interest-bearing liabilities and equity.

 

Non-interest income consists of:

 

   

fees and commissions, including

   

trust fees,

   

fees on funds transfer and service charges for collections,

   

fees and commissions on international business,

   

fees and commissions on credit card business,

   

service charges on deposits,

   

fees and commissions on securities business,

   

insurance commissions,

   

guarantee fees,

   

fees on investment funds business, and

   

other fees and commissions;

 

   

foreign exchange gains (losses)—net, which primarily include net gains (losses) on currency derivative instruments entered into for trading purposes and transaction gains (losses) on the translation into Japanese yen of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies;

 

   

trading account profits (losses)—net, which primarily include net profits (losses) on trading account securities and interest rate derivative contracts entered into for trading purposes;

 

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investment securities gains (losses)—net, which primarily include net gains (losses) on sales and impairment losses on securities available for sale;

 

   

equity in earnings (losses) of equity method investees;

 

   

gains on sales of loans; and

 

   

other non-interest income.

 

Provision for credit losses is charged to operations to maintain the allowance for credit losses at a level deemed appropriate by management.

 

Merger of BTM with UFJ Bank to Form BTMU

 

On October 1, 2005, Mitsubishi Tokyo Financial Group, Inc., or MTFG, merged with UFJ Holdings, Inc., to form MUFG. At the same time, their respective trust banking and securities companies merged to form Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corp., or MUTB, and Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd. Subsequently, BTM and UFJ Bank Ltd., or UFJ Bank, merged to form BTMU on January 1, 2006. As part of our integration process, we are currently undertaking a significant project to fully integrate the IT systems of the two banks.

 

Because BTM and UFJ Bank became subject to common control under MUFG as of October 1, 2005, the two banks were accounted for as having completed their merger as of that date. The merger of BTM with UFJ Bank was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting, and the assets and liabilities of the UFJ Bank and its subsidiaries, or the UFJ Bank Group, were recorded at fair value as of October 1, 2005. The purchase price of the UFJ Bank Group amounted to ¥4,628.0 billion, of which ¥4,626.0 billion was recorded in capital surplus relating to the merger with UFJ Bank and the direct acquisition costs of ¥2.0 billion were included in the purchase price. Shareholder’s equity of the UFJ Bank Group was ¥2,738.9 billion and the goodwill relating to the merger with UFJ Bank was ¥1,701.0 billion.

 

In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, we recorded an impairment of goodwill of ¥816.3 billion due to the recent global financial market instability that negatively affected the fair value of our reporting units for the purposes of our impairment testing. For further information, see Notes 2 and 10 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

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Recent Developments

 

Merger of UFJ NICOS and DC Card

 

On April 1, 2007, UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. and DC Card Co., Ltd., our credit card subsidiaries, merged to become Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. The objective of the merger was to combine UFJ NICOS’ large and extensive network, reputation and product development capabilities with DC Card’s co-branding relationships with and acceptance of regional cards.

 

Share Exchange Transaction to Make Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of MUFG

 

In November 2007, MUFG acquired ¥120 billion of newly issued shares of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS common stock, thereby decreasing our shareholding to approximately 47% of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS’ total issued shares. However, because our relationship with Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS provided us with controlling financial interest in Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS, it was continued to be accounted for as our consolidated subsidiary as of March 31, 2008.

 

On May 28, 2008, MUFG and Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS entered into a share exchange agreement. The share exchange ratios were set at 0.37 shares of MUFG common stock to one share of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS common stock and at 1.39 shares of MUFG common stock to one share of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Class 1 Stock. Through a share exchange that became effective on August 1, 2008, pursuant to this agreement, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS, our former consolidated subsidiary, became a wholly owned subsidiary of MUFG.

 

Business and Capital Alliance with JACCS

 

In September 2007, we entered into a basic agreement with MUFG, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS and JACCS Co., Ltd. with respect to a business and capital alliance. As part of the basic agreement, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS transferred its installment credit sales business, automobile loan business and automobile leasing business to JACCS on April 1, 2008. In addition to transferring installment credit sale contracts, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS transferred approximately 340 personnel and five business offices to JACCS. At the same time, we, together with MUFG and Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS, formed a business alliance with JACCS with respect to credit card related operations, installment credit sales business, settlement operations and housing loan related operations. In addition, we acquired approximately ¥9.0 billion of newly issued common shares of JACCS on March 17, 2008. As a result of the acquisition of the additional JACCS shares, we own approximately 20% of the voting rights in JACCS and, accordingly, JACCS became our equity method investee.

 

Establishment of BTMU China as a Local Subsidiary

 

On June 28, 2007, we established a wholly owned local subsidiary, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ (China), Ltd., or BTMU China, and on July 1, 2007, transferred our 6 branches and 2 sub-branches already located in China to the new company. With the establishment of the Guangzhou Branch in March 2008, BTMU China now has a network of 7 branches and 2 sub-branches in the country. Combined with our 2 representative offices, we now have a local network of 11 locations in China from which we plan to fulfill a diverse range of customer needs.

 

Reorganization of Our Custody Business

 

On April 2, 2007, MUTB acquired 70% of the shares of our wholly owned subsidiary, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ (Luxembourg) S.A., which became a subsidiary of MUTB and was renamed Mitsubishi UFJ Global Custody S.A. Moreover, the US custody related business and securities lending related business that were performed by Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Trust Company (New York, U.S.A.), our wholly owned subsidiary, are now being transferred to Mitsubishi UFJ Trust & Banking Corporation (U.S.A) and Mitsubishi UFJ Trust International Limited, which are wholly owned subsidiaries of MUTB located in New York, U.S.A. and London, U.K., respectively. This process is expected to be completed during the second quarter of the fiscal year ending March 31, 2009.

 

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In April 2008, Mitsubishi UFJ Global Custody Japan Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Mitsubishi UFJ Global Custody S.A., commenced operations in order to meet the diverse needs of Japanese customers. Through this new company, we intend to provide global custody services to new customers as well as our current customers.

 

Rationalization of Corporate Outlets of MUTB

 

On August 29, 2007, MUFG, MUTB and we resolved to transfer a part of MUTB’s corporate lending business conducted at nine of MUTB’s outlets to us on November 12, 2007. In consideration of this transfer, we issued 1,000,000 shares of Class 6 Preferred Stock to MUTB.

 

JALCARD Share Transfer and Business Partnership

 

In May 2008, we reached an agreement with Japan Airlines International Co., Ltd., or JALI, a subsidiary of the Japan Airlines Corporation, on the transfer to us of 49.375% of the issued shares of JALCARD Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of JALI, effective on July 1, 2008. As part of the agreement, JALI, JALCARD, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS, JCB Co., Ltd. and we agreed on a business partnership relating to our credit card operations.

 

kabu.com Securities Became a Consolidated Subsidiary

 

To strengthen the retail online securities business and enhance comprehensive Internet-based financial services, we acquired approximately 20% ownership of kabu.com Securities Co., Ltd., a retail online securities company in Japan through tender offers implemented in April and December 2007. Moreover, we acquired additional shares of kabu.com Securities held by the MUFG Group, resulting in the increase of our ownership to approximately 41%. In addition to our increased record ownership of voting stock of kabu.com Securities, our relationship with kabu.com Securities provides us with controlling financial interest equivalent to majority ownership of voting stock. As a result, kabu.com Securities, our former equity method investee, became our consolidated subsidiary.

 

Basic Agreement on Integration between Bank of Ikeda and Senshu Bank

 

On May 30, 2008, we signed a basic agreement with the Senshu Bank Ltd., our regional bank subsidiary headquartered in Osaka and the Bank of Ikeda Ltd., another regional bank headquartered in Osaka, concerning the planned business integration between the two regional banks. Senshu Bank and Bank of Ikeda are planning to establish a new company on April 1, 2009 after the execution of a definitive agreement, which is expected to occur by November 28, 2008. As of March 31, 2008, we owned 3.43% of the outstanding common shares and ¥30.0 billion of non-convertible preferred shares of Bank of Ikeda.

 

New Mobile Internet Banking Service

 

On June 17, 2008, Jibun Bank Corporation, a new mobile internet bank co-founded by us and KDDI CORPORATION, acquired a banking business license. Jibun Bank started to receive orders for opening bank accounts on July 17, 2008 and currently provides banking services such as ordinary accounts, fixed term deposits and fund transfers via mobile phone.

 

Commencement of a Cash Tender Offer to Acquire All Publicly Held Shares of UNBC

 

On August 18, 2008, we entered into a merger agreement with UnionBanCal Corporation, or UNBC, in which we hold approximately 65% of the outstanding common shares. In accordance with the merger agreement, on August 29, 2008, we commenced a tender offer to acquire all of the shares of UNBC’s common stock not owned by us for US$73.50 per share in cash. The tender offer will expire on September 26, 2008, unless it is extended. Under the merger agreement, the consummation of the tender offer is expected to be followed by a

 

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merger in which any share of UNBC not tendered through the tender offer will be acquired at the same price in cash, subject to customary appraisal rights. The tender offer and the subsequent merger are not subject to a financing condition and do not require Japanese or US bank regulatory or antitrust approval. Upon completion of the merger, UNBC will become our wholly owned subsidiary.

 

We estimate the total funds required to complete the acquisition of UNBC to be approximately US$3.5 billion. We intend to use cash on hand to fund the acquisition.

 

Effects of Recent Global Financial Market Instability

 

The recent global market instability since the second half of 2007 originating primarily from disruptions in the US residential mortgage market has negatively affected our investment portfolio. We continue to hold assets that may decline in value or that may otherwise lead to further losses, and the amount of assets exposed to such risk may increase in the future depending on market conditions and other factors. As of March 31, 2008, the estimated fair value of our securities available for sale was ¥27.3 trillion for debt securities and ¥5.1 trillion for marketable equity securities. Net investment securities losses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥1.18 trillion, compared to ¥0.17 trillion in net investment securities gains for the previous fiscal year. This change mainly reflected the impairment losses of ¥0.25 trillion on marketable equity securities available for sale and ¥1.03 trillion on debt securities available for sale. The impairment losses on debt securities were mainly due to the effect of changes in exchange rates on foreign currency transactions amounting to ¥0.76 trillion. For a detailed discussion of our investment portfolio as of March 31, 2008, see “—A. Operating Results—Results of Operations—Net investment securities gains (losses)” and “—B. Financial Condition—Investment Portfolio” below.

 

The recent global financial market instability has also negatively affected our goodwill. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, we recorded an impairment of goodwill of ¥816.3 billion. This impairment in goodwill was due to, among other factors, the recent global financial market instability which negatively impacted the fair value of our reporting units for purposes of our periodic testing of goodwill for impairment. For a more detailed discussion of our goodwill as of March 31, 2008, see “—Critical Accounting Estimates—Accounting for Goodwill and Intangible Assets” and “—A. Operating Results—Results of Operations—Non-Interest Expense” below.

 

Filing of a Bankruptcy Petition by Lehman Brothers Holdings

 

On September 15, 2008, Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc., or LBHI, filed a petition under Chapter 11 of the US Bankruptcy Code with the US Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. We determined that the filing by LBHI was attributable to the deterioration of the asset-backed securitization products market and residential mortgage market in the United States subsequent to March 31, 2008, and did not reflect the impact of LBHI’s bankruptcy on the accompanying consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Although the impact of these developments is currently being reviewed, we estimate that these developments will adversely affect income from continuing operations before income tax expense for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2009 by approximately ¥20 to ¥30 billion.

 

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

 

As part of our compensation structure, in December 2007, our directors, corporate auditors and officers were allotted an aggregate of 15,908 stock acquisition rights. Each stock acquisition right represents a right to purchase 100 shares of MUFG common stock at ¥1 per common share. The stock acquisition rights were subject to a one-year vesting period. The rights are exercisable until December 5, 2037, but only after the date on which a grantee’s service to BTMU as a director, corporate auditor or officer terminates. The fair value of each stock acquisition right was ¥103,200.

 

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As part of our compensation structure, in July 2008, our directors, corporate auditors and officers were allotted an aggregate of 16,955 stock acquisition rights. Each stock acquisition right represents a right to purchase 100 shares of MUFG common stock at ¥1 per common share. The stock acquisition rights are subject to a one-year vesting period. The rights are exercisable until July 14, 2038, but only after the date on which a grantee’s service to BTMU as a director, corporate auditor or officer terminates. The fair value of each stock acquisition right was ¥92,300.

 

For more information on the stock-based compensation plans, see “Item 6.B. Compensation,” “Item 7.B. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Related Party Transactions” and Note 31 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

Issuance of Preferred Securities by Special Purpose Companies

 

In order to enhance the flexibility of our capital management, in December 2007, BTMU Preferred Capital 6 Limited, a special purpose company established in the Cayman Islands, issued ¥150 billion in non-cumulative and non-dilutive perpetual preferred securities to MUFG Capital Finance 6 Limited, a special purpose company established in the Cayman Islands, which then issued ¥150 billion in non-cumulative and non-dilutive perpetual preferred securities in an offering targeting Japanese institutional investors.

 

These preferred securities were reflected in our Tier I capital as of March 31, 2008, under the BIS capital adequacy requirements, which is calculated primarily from our Japanese GAAP financial information. However, for accounting purposes under US GAAP, because those special purpose companies are not consolidated entities, the loans, which are made to us from the proceeds from the preferred securities issued by the special purpose company, are presented as long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2008.

 

Also, in September 2008, BTMU Preferred Capital 7 Limited, a special purpose company established in the Cayman Islands, issued ¥122 billion in non-cumulative and non-dilutive perpetual preferred securities to MUFG Capital Finance 7 Limited, a special purpose company established in the Cayman Islands, which then issued ¥222 billion in non-cumulative and non-dilutive perpetual preferred securities in an offering targeting Japanese institutional investors. These securities are also accounted for as part of our Tier I capital.

 

Redemption of Global Senior Subordinated Notes

 

In order to enhance the flexibility of our capital management, from February 2008 to March 2008, we redeemed in total approximately US$65.3 million of Global Senior Subordinated Notes. A portion of the subordinated debt was previously accounted for as part of our Tier II capital.

 

Redemption of Preferred Securities Issued by a Special Purpose Company

 

In June 2008, Tokai Preferred Capital Company L.L.C., a special purpose company established in Delaware, redeemed in total US$1 billion of non-cumulative and non-dilutive perpetual preferred securities. These securities were previously accounted for as part of our Tier I capital.

 

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Business Environment

 

We engage in a broad range of financial operations, including commercial banking, investment banking, asset management and securities-related businesses, and provide related services to individuals primarily in Japan and the United States, and to corporate customers around the world. Our results of operations and financial condition are exposed to changes in various external economic factors, including:

 

   

general economic conditions;

 

   

interest rates;

 

   

currency exchange rates; and

 

   

stock and real estate prices.

 

Economic Environment in Japan

 

The Japanese economy showed a moderate slowdown, partly offset by Japan’s continuous strong exports to emerging countries. However, private consumption grew at a sluggish pace due to the weakness of wage growth. Towards the end of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, business confidence rapidly worsened and uncertainty increased about a corporate performance downturn because of a slowdown in overseas economies as well as a steep rise in the price of raw materials and oil prices. The rate of increase in the consumer price index accelerated towards the end of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 mainly due to soaring oil prices.

 

The Bank of Japan kept its uncollateralized overnight call rate target unchanged at 0.5% from the prior year. Although long-term interest rates rose in June, they have been on a downward trend with some fluctuations. As of mid-September 2008, the uncollateralized overnight call rate target was around 0.5% and the yield on ten-year Japanese government bonds was around 1.5%. The following chart shows the interest rate trends in Japan since April 2006:

 

LOGO

 

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Regarding the Japanese stock market, the Nikkei Stock Average, which is an average of 225 blue chip stocks listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, declined from ¥17,287.65 at March 30, 2007 to ¥12,525.54 at March 31, 2008. As for the Tokyo Stock Price Index, or TOPIX, a composite index of all stocks listed on the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange, the index declined from 1,713.61 at March 30, 2007 to 1,212.96 at March 31, 2008, mainly due to a slowdown of the Japanese economy and the uncertainty of the overseas economies. As of mid-September 2008, the Nikkei Stock Average was around ¥11,700 and TOPIX was around 1,120. The following chart shows the daily closing price of the Nikkei Stock Average since April 2006.

 

LOGO

 

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In the foreign exchange markets, the Japanese yen/US dollar foreign exchange rate was around ¥118 to US$1 at the beginning of April 2007, and the yen generally continued to appreciate during the year and broke ¥100 to US$1 in March 2008. Thereafter, the Japanese yen depreciated slightly to around ¥100 to ¥110 to US$1 and, as of mid-September 2008, the Japanese yen/US dollar foreign exchange rate was around ¥105 to US$1. Against the Euro, the Japanese yen was traded in a range of approximately between ¥157 and ¥168 during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, and finished around ¥157 to the Euro at the end of March 2008. As of mid-September 2008, the Japanese yen/Euro foreign exchange rate was around ¥150 to the Euro. The following chart shows the foreign exchange rates expressed in Japanese yen per US dollar since April 2006:

 

LOGO

 

Based on the average official land prices set by the government, average land prices in Japan as of January 1, 2008 increased for two years in a row after a consecutive 16-year decline that ended in 2006. Nationwide residential land prices and land prices for commercial properties as of January 1, 2008 rose by 1.3% and 3.8%, respectively, compared to January 1, 2007. In the three major metropolitan areas, Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya, residential land prices on average rose by 4.3% over the last two years starting in January 1, 2006, and commercial properties rose by 10.4% over the last three years starting in January 1, 2005. On the other hand, in the local regions of Japan, which consist of regions other than the major metropolitan areas, residential land prices on average declined by 1.8%, and commercial properties declined by 1.4%, for four years in a row after January 1, 2004.

 

According to Teikoku Databank, a Japanese research institution, the number of companies who filed for legal bankruptcy in Japan between April 2007 and March 2008 was approximately 11,300, an increase of approximately 18% from the previous fiscal year, mainly due to an increase in legal bankruptcies of small sized companies, especially in construction, retail, and service sectors. Similarly, the aggregate amount of liabilities subject to bankruptcy filings for the same period was approximately ¥5.5 trillion, an increase of approximately 5% from the previous fiscal year, owing to an increase in the number of bankruptcy filings and a large-scale real estate related bankruptcy.

 

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International Financial Markets

 

With respect to the international financial and economic environment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, uncertainty about the outlook for overseas economies, especially the United States economy, significantly increased. The US economy has further decelerated since the beginning of 2008 due to the turmoil in the financial markets triggered by the collapse of the residential mortgage market which has resulted in reduced liquidity, greater volatility, widening of credit spreads and a lack of price transparency in the United States. Meanwhile, the European economy has shown clear signs of slowdown. In contrast, economies of the emerging countries, such as the Chinese economy, sustained high growth.

 

In the United States, the target for the federal funds rate has been lowered by 3.0 percentage points to 2.25% in total since last fall in response to the deteriorating market conditions until March 2008, and was further lowered to 2.00% in April 2008. In the EU, the European Central Bank kept its key interest rate unchanged at 4.0% due to the strong concern about inflation in Europe until March 2008, and raised it 0.25 percentage points to 4.25% in July 2008.

 

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Critical Accounting Estimates

 

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with US GAAP. Many of the accounting policies require management to make difficult, complex or subjective judgments regarding the valuation of assets and liabilities. The accounting policies are fundamental to understanding our operating and financial review and prospects. The notes to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report provide a summary of our significant accounting policies. The following is a summary of the critical accounting estimates:

 

Allowance for Credit Losses

 

The allowance for credit losses represents management’s estimate of probable losses in our loan portfolio. The evaluation process, including credit-ratings and self-assessments, involves a number of estimates and judgments. The allowance is based on two principles of accounting: (1) SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies,” which requires that losses be accrued when they are probable of occurring and can be estimated; and (2) SFAS No. 114, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan” and SFAS No. 118, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan—Income Recognition and Disclosures,” which require that losses be accrued based on the difference between the loan balance, on the one hand, and the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate and the fair value of collateral or the loan’s observable market value, on the other hand.

 

Our allowance for credit losses consists of an allocated allowance and an unallocated allowance. The allocated allowance comprises (a) the allowance for specifically identified problem loans, (b) the allowance for large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans, (c) the allowance for loans exposed to specific country risk and (d) the formula allowance. Both the allowance for loans exposed to specific country risk and the formula allowance are provided for performing loans that are not subject to either the allowance for specifically identified problem loans or the allowance for large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans. The allowance for loans exposed to specific country risk covers transfer risk which is not specifically covered by other types of allowance. Each of these components is determined based upon estimates that can and do change when actual events occur.

 

The allowance for specifically identified problem loans, which represent large-balance, non-homogeneous loans that have been individually determined to be impaired, is calculated by using various techniques to arrive at an estimate of loss. Historical loss information, discounted cash flows, fair value of collateral and secondary market information are all used to estimate those losses.

 

Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment, and the allowance for such loans is established through a process that begins with estimates of probable losses inherent in the portfolio. These estimates are based upon various analyses, including historical delinquency and credit loss experience.

 

The allowance for loans exposed to specific country risk is based on an estimate of probable losses relating to our exposure to countries that we identify as having a high degree of transfer risk. We use a country risk grading system that assigns risk ratings to individual countries. To determine the risk rating, we consider the instability of foreign currency and difficulties regarding our borrowers’ ability to service their debt.

 

The formula allowance uses a model based on historical losses as an indicator of future probable losses. However, the use of historical losses is inherently uncertain and as a result could differ from losses incurred in the future. However, since this history is updated with the most recent loss information, the differences that might otherwise occur are mitigated.

 

Our actual losses could be more or less than the estimates. The unallocated allowance captures losses that are attributable to various economic events, industry or geographic sectors whose impact on the portfolio have

 

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occurred but have yet to be recognized in the allocated allowance. For further information regarding our allowance for credit losses, see “—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financial Condition—Allowance for Credit Losses, Nonperforming and Past Due Loans.”

 

In addition to the allowance for credit losses on our loan portfolio, we maintain an allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet credit instruments, including commitments to extend credit, a variety of guarantees and standby letters of credit. Such allowance is included in other liabilities. With regard to the allocated allowance for specifically identified credit exposure and the allocated formula allowance, we apply the same methodology that we use in determining the allowance for loan credit losses.

 

Determining the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses requires the exercise of considerable judgment and the use of estimates, such as those discussed above. To the extent that actual losses differ from management’s estimates, additional provisions for credit losses may be required that would adversely impact our operating results and financial condition in future periods.

 

Impairment of Investment Securities

 

US GAAP requires the recognition in earnings of an impairment loss on investment securities for a decline in fair value that is other than temporary. Determination of whether a decline is other than temporary often involves estimating the outcome of future events. Management judgment is required in determining whether factors exist that indicate that an impairment loss has been incurred at the balance sheet date. These judgments are based on subjective as well as objective factors. We conduct a review semi-annually to identify and evaluate investment securities that have indications of possible impairment. The assessment of other than temporary impairment requires judgment and therefore can have an impact on the results of operations. Impairment is evaluated considering various factors, and their significance varies from case to case.

 

Debt and marketable equity securities.    In determining whether a decline in fair value below cost is other than temporary for a particular security, we generally consider factors such as the ability and positive intent to hold the investments for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. In addition, indicators of an other than temporary decline for both debt and marketable equity securities include, but are not limited to, the extent of decline in fair value below cost and the length of time that the decline in fair value below cost has continued. If a decline in fair value below cost is 20% or more or has continued for six months or more, we generally deem such decline as an indicator of an other than temporary decline. We also consider the current financial condition and near-term prospects of issuers primarily based on the credit standing of the issuers as determined by our credit rating system.

 

Certain securities held by us and our certain other subsidiaries, which primarily consist of debt securities issued by the Japanese national government and generally considered to be of minimal credit risk, were determined not to be impaired in some cases, on the basis of the respective entity’s ability and positive intent to hold such securities to maturity.

 

The determination of other than temporary impairment for certain securities held by UNBC, our US subsidiary, which primarily consist of securities backed by the full faith and credit of the US government and corporate asset-backed and debt securities, are made on the basis of a cash flow analysis of securities and/or the ability of UNBC to hold such securities to maturity.

 

Nonmarketable equity securities.    Nonmarketable equity securities are equity securities of companies that are not publicly traded or are thinly traded. Such securities are primarily held at cost less other than temporary impairment if applicable. For the securities carried at cost, we consider factors such as the credit standing of issuers and the extent of decline in net assets of issuers to determine whether the decline is other than temporary. When we determine that the decline is other than temporary, nonmarketable equity securities are written down to the estimated fair value, determined based on such factors as the ratio of our investment in the issuer to the issuer’s net assets and the latest transaction price if applicable. When the decline is other than temporary, certain nonmarketable equity securities issued by public companies, such as preferred stock convertible to marketable

 

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common stock in the future, are written down to fair value estimated by commonly accepted valuation models, such as option pricing models based on a number of factors, including the quoted market price of the underlying marketable common stock, volatility and dividend payments as appropriate.

 

The markets for equity securities and debt securities are inherently volatile, and the values of both types of securities have fluctuated significantly in recent years. Accordingly, our assessment of potential impairment involves risks and uncertainties depending on market conditions that are global or regional in nature and the condition of specific issuers or industries, as well as management’s subjective assessment of the estimated future performance of investments. If we later conclude that a decline is other than temporary, the impairment loss may significantly affect our operating results and financial condition in future periods.

 

For further information on the amount of the impairment losses and the aggregate amount of unrealized gross losses on investment securities, see Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

Income Taxes

 

Valuation of deferred tax assets.    A valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is recognized if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. All available evidence, both positive and negative, is considered to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance is needed. Future realization of the tax benefit of existing deductible temporary differences or carryforwards ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income in future periods.

 

In determining a valuation allowance, we perform a review of future taxable income (exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards) and future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences. Future taxable income is developed from forecasted operating results, based on recent historical trends and approved business plans, the eligible carryforward periods and other relevant factors. For certain subsidiaries where strong negative evidence exists, such as the existence of significant amounts of operating loss carryforwards, cumulative losses and the expiration of unused operating loss carryforwards in recent years, a valuation allowance is recognized against the deferred tax assets to the extent that it is more likely than not that they will not be realized.

 

Among other factors, forecasted operating results, which serve as the basis of our estimation of future taxable income, have a significant effect on the amount of the valuation allowance. In developing forecasted operating results, we assume that our operating performance is stable for certain entities where strong positive evidence exists, including core earnings based on past performance over a certain period of time. The actual results may be adversely affected by unexpected or sudden changes in interest rates as well as an increase in credit-related expenses due to the deterioration of economic conditions in Japan and material declines in the Japanese stock market to the extent that such impacts exceed our original forecast. In addition, near-term taxable income is also influential on the amount of the expiration of unused operating loss carryforwards since the Japanese corporate tax law permits operating losses to be deducted for a predetermined period generally no longer than seven years. For further information on the amount of operating loss carryforwards and the expiration dates, see Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

Because the establishment of the valuation allowance is an inherently uncertain process involving estimates as discussed above, the currently established allowance may not be sufficient. If the estimated allowance is not sufficient, we will incur additional deferred tax expenses, which could materially affect our operating results and financial condition in future periods.

 

Tax reserves.    We provide reserves for unrecognized tax benefits as required under FASB Interpretation, or FIN, No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—An Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109.” In applying the standards of the Interpretation, we consider the relative risks and merits of positions taken in tax

 

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returns filed and to be filed, considering statutory, judicial, and regulatory guidance applicable to those positions. The Interpretation requires us to make assumptions and judgments about potential outcomes that lie outside management’s control. To the extent the tax authorities disagree with our conclusions, and depending on the final resolution of those disagreements, our effective tax rate may be materially affected in the period of final settlement with tax authorities.

 

Accounting for Goodwill and Intangible Assets

 

US GAAP requires us to test goodwill for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill may be impaired, using a two-step process that begins with an estimation of the fair value of a reporting unit of our business, which is to be compared with the carrying amount of the unit, to identify potential impairment of goodwill. A reporting unit is an operating segment or component of an operating segment that constitutes a business for which discrete financial information is available and is regularly reviewed by management. The fair value of a reporting unit is defined as the amount at which the unit as a whole could be bought or sold in a current transaction between willing parties. For a reporting unit for which an observable quoted market price is available, the price is used for the fair value and control premium is also considered. For a reporting unit which an observable quoted market price is not available, the fair value is determined using an income approach. In the income approach, discounted cash flows are calculated by taking the net present value based on each reporting unit’s internal forecasts. Cash flows are discounted using a discount rate approximating the weighted average cost of capital, and the discount rate reflects current market capitalization. A control premium factor is considered for the market capitalization as well. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss recorded in income. This test requires comparison of the implied fair value of the unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The estimate of the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill requires us to allocate the fair value of a reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of that reporting unit, including unrecognized intangible assets, if any, since the implied fair value is determined as the excess of the fair value of a reporting unit over the net amounts assigned to its assets and liabilities in the allocation. Accordingly, the second step of the impairment test also requires an estimate of the fair value of individual assets and liabilities, including any unrecognized intangible assets that belong to that unit. A change in the estimation could have an impact on impairment recognition since it is driven by hypothetical assumptions, such as customer behavior and interest rate forecasts. The estimation is based on information available to management at the time the estimation is made.

 

Intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives unless they have indefinite useful lives. Amortization for intangible assets is computed in a manner that best reflects the economic benefits of the intangible assets. Intangible assets having indefinite useful lives are subject to annual impairment tests. An impairment exists if the carrying value of an indefinite-lived asset exceeds its fair value. For other intangible assets subject to amortization, an impairment is recognized if the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the intangible asset.

 

Accrued Severance Indemnities and Pension Liabilities

 

We have defined retirement benefit plans, including lump-sum severance indemnities and pension plans, which cover substantially all of our employees. Severance indemnities and pension costs are calculated based upon a number of actuarial assumptions, including discount rates, expected long-term rates of return on our plan assets and rates of increase in future compensation levels. In accordance with US GAAP, actual results that differ from the assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods, and affect our recognized net periodic pension costs and accrued severance indemnities and pension obligations in future periods. Differences in actual experience or changes in assumptions may affect our financial condition and operating results in future periods.

 

The discount rates for the domestic plans are set to reflect the interest rates of high-quality fixed-rate instruments with maturities that correspond to the timing of future benefit payments.

 

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In developing our assumptions for expected long-term rates of return, we refer to the historical average returns earned by the plan assets and the rates of return expected to be available for reinvestment of existing plan assets, which reflect recent changes in trends and economic conditions, including market price. We also evaluate input from our actuaries, including their reviews of asset class return expectations.

 

We adopted the recognition provisions of SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R)” as of March 31, 2007. See “Accounting Changes—Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans” in Note 1 and Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for further information.

 

Valuation of Financial Instruments with No Available Market Prices

 

Fair values for the substantial majority of our portfolio of financial instruments, including available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities, trading accounts and derivatives, with no available market prices are determined based upon externally verifiable model inputs and quoted prices. All financial models, which are used for independent risk monitoring, must be validated and periodically reviewed by qualified personnel independent of the area that created the model. The fair value of derivatives is determined based upon liquid market prices evidenced by exchange-traded prices, broker-dealer quotations or prices of other transactions with similarly rated counterparties. If available, quoted market prices provide the best indication of value. If quoted market prices are not available for fixed maturity securities and derivatives, we discount expected cash flows using market interest rates commensurate with the credit quality and maturity of the investment. Alternatively, we may use matrix or model pricing to determine an appropriate fair value. In determining fair values, we consider various factors, including time value, volatility factors and underlying options, warrants and derivatives.

 

The estimated fair values of financial instruments without quoted market prices were as follows:

 

     At March 31,
     2007    2008
     (in billions)

Financial assets:

     

Trading account assets, excluding derivatives

   ¥ 1,720    ¥ 1,879

Investment securities

     35,046      29,515

Derivative financial instruments, net

     41      702

Financial liabilities:

     

Trading account liabilities, excluding derivatives

     6      12

Obligations to return securities received as collateral

     809      414

 

A significant portion of trading account assets and liabilities, excluding derivatives, investment securities and obligations to return securities received as collateral consists of Japanese national government and agency bonds, and foreign government and official institutions bonds, for which prices are actively quoted among brokers and are readily available but are not publicly reported and therefore are not considered quoted market prices. Additionally, a substantial portion of derivative financial instruments are comprised of over-the-counter interest rate and currency swaps and options. Estimates of fair value of these derivative transactions are determined using quantitative models with multiple market inputs, which can be validated through external sources, including brokers and market transactions with third parties.

 

Accounting Changes and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

 

See “Accounting Changes” and “Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements” in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

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A.    Operating Results

 

Results of Operations

 

The following table sets forth a summary of our results of operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008:

 

     Fiscal years ended March 31,  
     2006     2007     2008  
     (in billions)  

Interest income

   ¥ 2,249.3     ¥ 3,444.3     ¥ 3,693.8  

Interest expense

     728.8       1,279.2       1,579.3  
                        

Net interest income

     1,520.5       2,165.1       2,114.5  
                        

Provision for credit losses

     163.4       341.6       407.2  

Non-interest income

     556.8       1,220.5       1,213.6  

Non-interest expense

     1,616.8       2,172.0       2,886.9  
                        

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

     297.1       872.0       34.0  

Income tax expense

     68.9       410.3       490.3  
                        

Income (loss) from continuing operations before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

     228.2       461.7       (456.3 )

Income (loss) from discontinued operations—net

     9.0       (0.8 )     (1.8 )

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, net of tax

     (8.4 )     —         —    
                        

Net income (loss)

   ¥ 228.8     ¥ 460.9     ¥ (458.1 )
                        

 

We reported a net loss of ¥458.1 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, compared to a net income of ¥460.9 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. Our basic loss per common share (net loss available to a common shareholder) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥45.27, compared with our basic earnings per common share of ¥44.81 for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥34.0 billion, compared with ¥872.0 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007.

 

The merger of BTM with UFJ Bank was the major factor in many of the changes in our consolidated statements of operations between the two fiscal years ended March 31, 2006 and 2007. The results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 reflect the pre-merger results of the BTM Group for the six months ended September 30, 2005 and the post-merger results of the BTMU Group for the six months ended March 31, 2006. The results for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008 reflect the post-merger results of the BTMU Group for the full twelve-month period.

 

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Net Interest Income

 

The following is a summary of the interest rate spread for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008:

 

     Fiscal years ended March 31,  
     2006     2007     2008  
     Average
balance
   Average
rate
    Average
balance
   Average
rate
    Average
balance
   Average
rate
 
     (in billions, except percentages)  

Interest-earning assets:

               

Domestic

   ¥ 86,668.5    1.39 %   ¥ 108,531.2    1.73 %   ¥ 102,839.0    1.84 %

Foreign

     25,354.9    4.11       32,200.5    4.86       38,473.8    4.68  
                           

Total

   ¥ 112,023.4    2.01 %   ¥ 140,731.7    2.45 %   ¥ 141,312.8    2.61 %
                           

Financed by:

               

Interest-bearing funds:

               

Domestic

   ¥ 82,096.9    0.35 %   ¥ 99,673.2    0.52 %   ¥ 99,285.0    0.69 %

Foreign

     15,977.0    2.74       19,404.1    3.92       23,534.9    3.80  
                           

Total

     98,073.9    0.74       119,077.3    1.07       122,819.9    1.29  

Non-interest-bearing funds

     13,949.5    —         21,654.4    —         18,492.9    —    
                           

Total

   ¥ 112,023.4    0.65 %   ¥ 140,731.7    0.91 %   ¥ 141,312.8    1.11 %
                           

Spread on:

               

Interest-bearing funds

      1.27 %      1.38 %      1.32 %

Total funds

      1.36 %      1.54 %      1.50 %

 

We use interest rate and other derivative contracts for hedging the risks affecting the values of our financial assets and liabilities. Although these contracts are generally entered into for risk management purposes, a majority of them do not meet the specific conditions to qualify for hedge accounting under US GAAP and thus are accounted for as trading positions. Therefore, our net interest income for each of the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 was not materially affected by gains or losses resulting from such derivative instruments.

 

For a detailed discussion of our risk management systems, refer to “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk.”

 

Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007

 

Net interest income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥2,114.5 billion, a decrease of ¥50.6 billion, from ¥2,165.1 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. This decrease was mainly due to an increase in the average interest rate on domestic interest-bearing funds and an increase in the average balance of foreign interest-bearing funds. These increases offset the effect of the increase in the average balance of foreign interest-earning assets.

 

The average interest rate spread on interest-bearing funds decreased six basis points from 1.38% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to 1.32% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007, the average rate on interest-earning assets increased partly due to an increase in the expected cash flows from impaired loans acquired in the merger with UFJ Bank, which cash flows are accounted for as adjustments to accretable yields under Statement of Position 03-3, “Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer.” For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, the increase in the expected cash flows from such impaired loans was smaller than that for the previous fiscal year. The average interest rate spread on total funds decreased, showing a decrease of four basis points from 1.54% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to 1.50% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.

 

Average interest-earning assets for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 were ¥141,312.8 billion, an increase of ¥581.1 billion, from ¥140,731.7 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The increase was primarily

 

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attributable to an increase of ¥3,388.9 billion in foreign loans, an increase of ¥1,474.3 billion in foreign interest-earning deposits in other banks, an increase of ¥1,241.7 billion in foreign investment securities and an increase of ¥872.8 billion in domestic call loans, funds sold, and receivables under resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of ¥4,714.8 billion in domestic investment securities and a decrease of ¥1,674.6 billion in domestic loans. The increase in foreign loans was mainly due to the growth in lending to Japanese and non-Japanese customers in Asia, the United States and Europe.

 

Average interest-bearing funds for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 were ¥122,819.9 billion, an increase of ¥3,742.6 billion, from ¥119,077.3 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of ¥3,468.4 billion in foreign interest-bearing deposits. The increase in foreign interest-bearing deposits was mainly due to the fact that large deposits from foreign central banks and government sponsored investment corporations increased in response to the recent difficult market conditions.

 

Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2006

 

Net interest income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 was ¥2,165.1 billion, an increase of ¥644.6 billion, from ¥1,520.5 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006. This increase was mainly due to the fact that net interest income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 reflected only that of the post-merger BTMU Group for six months (with the first half of the fiscal year reflecting that of the pre-merger BTM Group only), while net interest income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 reflected that of the post-merger BTMU Group for the full twelve-month period. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007, interest rates in Japan, the United States and Europe generally increased. In the rising interest rate environment in Japan during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007, the increase in average rates on domestic interest-earning assets, such as loans, was larger than the increase in average rates on domestic interest-bearing funds, such as deposits. This increase in interest rate spread contributed to the increase in our net interest income.

 

The average interest rate spread on interest-bearing funds increased, showing an increase of 11 basis points from 1.27% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 to 1.38% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The average interest rate spread on total funds also increased, showing an increase of 18 basis points from 1.36% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 to 1.54% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007.

 

Average interest-earning assets for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 were ¥140,731.7 billion, an increase of ¥28,708.3 billion, from ¥112,023.4 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of ¥17,946.8 billion in domestic loans, and an increase of ¥4,574.2 billion in domestic investment securities. These increases were mainly due to the fact that the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 reflected only six months of the post-merger BTMU Group (with the first half of the fiscal year reflecting the pre-merger BTM Group only), while the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 reflected the post-merger BTMU Group for the full twelve-month period.

 

Average interest-bearing funds for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 were ¥119,077.3 billion, an increase of ¥21,003.4 billion, from ¥98,073.9 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of ¥19,641.7 billion in domestic interest-bearing deposits. The increase in domestic interest-bearing deposits was mainly due to the fact that the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 reflected only six months of the post-merger BTMU Group (with the first half of the fiscal year reflecting the pre-merger BTM Group only), while the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 reflected the post-merger BTMU Group for the full twelve-month period.

 

Provision for Credit Losses

 

Provision for credit losses is charged to operations to maintain the allowance for credit losses at a level deemed appropriate by management. For a description of the approach and methodology used to establish the allowance for credit losses, see “—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financial Condition—Allowance for Credit Losses, Nonperforming and Past Due Loans.”

 

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Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007

 

Provision for credit losses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥407.2 billion, an increase of ¥65.6 billion from ¥341.6 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The increase in provision for credit losses was mainly due to the downgrade in credit rating of certain overseas borrowers.

 

Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2006

 

Provision for credit losses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 was ¥341.6 billion, an increase of ¥178.2 billion from ¥163.4 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006. The increase in provision for credit losses was mainly due to the downgrade in credit rating of a large borrower in the transportation industry. Additionally, provision for credit losses increased in the consumer finance industry.

 

Non-Interest Income

 

The following table is a summary of our non-interest income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008:

 

     Fiscal years ended March 31,  
     2006     2007     2008  
     (in billions)  

Fees and commissions:

      

Trust fees

   ¥ 20.3     ¥ 24.4     ¥ 26.8  

Fees on funds transfer and service charges for collections

     103.9       149.0       150.6  

Fees and commissions on international business

     61.6       69.5       69.4  

Fees and commissions on credit card business

     109.6       163.8       138.0  

Service charges on deposits

     35.7       37.2       35.9  

Fees and commissions on securities business

     31.7       16.8       32.4  

Insurance commissions

     36.5       40.4       33.4  

Guarantee fees

     51.6       86.5       84.6  

Fees on investment funds business

     13.9       23.1       23.0  

Other fees and commissions

     176.7       237.0       209.7  
                        

Total

     641.5       847.7       803.8  

Foreign exchange gains (losses)—net

     (281.4 )     (163.6 )     1,211.7  

Trading account profits (losses)—net:

      

Net profits (losses) on interest rate and other derivative contracts

     (212.7 )     171.0       318.1  

Net profits (losses) on trading account securities, excluding derivatives

     121.5       82.4       (45.7 )
                        

Total

     (91.2 )     253.4       272.4  

Investment securities gains (losses)—net:

      

Net gains (losses) on sales of securities available for sale:

      

Debt securities

     122.5       163.5       (11.2 )

Marketable equity securities

     158.4       54.0       67.2  

Impairment losses on securities available for sale:

      

Debt securities

     (250.8 )     (36.2 )     (1,025.0 )

Marketable equity securities

     (4.2 )     (54.6 )     (249.8 )

Other

     14.9       44.3       40.4  
                        

Total

     40.8       171.0       (1,178.4 )

Equity in earnings (losses) of equity method investees

     28.8       5.4       (35.7 )

Government grant for transfer of substitutional portion of Employees’ Pension Fund Plans

     103.0       —         —    

Gains on sales of loans

     34.6       13.6       10.0  

Other non-interest income

     80.7       93.0       129.8  
                        

Total non-interest income

   ¥ 556.8     ¥ 1,220.5     ¥ 1,213.6  
                        

 

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Net foreign exchange gains (losses) primarily include transaction gains (losses) on the translation into Japanese yen of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies and net gains (losses) on currency derivative instruments entered into for trading purposes. The transaction gains (losses) on the translation into Japanese yen fluctuate from period to period depending upon the spot rates at the end of each fiscal year. In principle, all transaction gains (losses) on translation of monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are included in current earnings. Transaction gains (losses) on translation into Japanese yen of securities available for sale, such as bonds denominated in foreign currencies, are not included in current earnings, but are reflected in other changes in equity from nonowner sources. However, if we recognize an impairment loss on foreign currency-denominated securities available for sale due to the appreciation of the Japanese yen against the relevant foreign currency, such impairment loss is included in current earnings as part of investment securities losses.

 

Net trading account profits (losses) primarily include net gains (losses) on trading account securities and interest rate and other derivative instruments entered into for trading purposes. Trading account assets or liabilities are carried at fair value and any changes in the value of trading account assets or liabilities, including interest rate derivatives, are recorded in net trading account profits (losses). Derivative instruments for trading purposes also include those used as hedges of net exposures rather than for specifically identified assets or liabilities, which do not meet the specific criteria for hedge accounting.

 

Net investment securities gains (losses) primarily include net gains on sales of marketable securities, particularly debt securities and marketable equity securities that are classified as securities available for sale. In addition, impairment losses are recognized as an offset of net investment securities gains (losses) when management concludes that declines in fair value of investment securities are other than temporary.

 

Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007

 

Non-interest income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥1,213.6 billion, a decrease of ¥6.9 billion, from ¥1,220.5 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. This decrease was primarily due to a deterioration of ¥1,349.4 billion in net investment securities losses and a decrease of ¥43.9 billion in fees and commissions, which was almost offset by an improvement of ¥1,375.3 billion in net foreign exchange gains.

 

Fees and commissions

 

Fees and commissions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 were ¥803.8 billion, a decrease of ¥43.9 billion, from ¥847.7 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease of ¥25.8 billion in fees and commissions on credit card business and a decrease of ¥27.3 billion in other fees and commissions, due to a decrease in business volume. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of ¥15.6 billion in fees and commissions on securities business due to the inclusion of fees and commissions generated by a securities business company as a result of it becoming our consolidated subsidiary.

 

Net foreign exchange gains (losses)

 

Net foreign exchange gains for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 were ¥1,211.7 billion, compared to net foreign exchange losses of ¥163.6 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The improvement in foreign exchange gains (losses) was mainly due to the larger appreciation of the Japanese yen against the US dollar in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. For reference, the foreign exchange rate expressed in Japanese yen per US$1.00 was ¥117.47 at March 31, 2006, ¥118.05 at March 30, 2007, and ¥100.19 at March 31, 2008. All transaction gains or losses on translation of monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are included in current earnings. As we maintain monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currencies for our asset liability management, net foreign exchange gains (losses) fluctuate with the appreciation (depreciation) of the Japanese yen.

 

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Net trading account profits (losses)

 

Net trading account profits of ¥272.4 billion were recorded for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, compared to net trading account profits of ¥253.4 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007.

 

Net profits (losses) on interest rate and other derivative contracts were largely affected by the impact of the decrease (increase) in Japanese long-term interest rates on interest rate swaps principally held for risk management purposes. Although such contracts are generally entered into for risk management purposes, a majority of them did not meet the conditions to qualify for hedge accounting under US GAAP and thus are accounted for as trading positions.

 

Though Japanese yen short-term interest rates generally rose during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 compared to the previous fiscal year, long-term interest rates generally declined. This decline in long-term interest rates had a favorable impact on our interest rate swap portfolios, in which we generally maintained net receive-fix and pay-variable positions, for managing interest rate risks on domestic deposits. The increase in net profits on interest rate and other derivative contracts of ¥147.1 billion was partially offset by a decrease in net profits on trading account securities, excluding derivatives of ¥128.1 billion, primarily reflecting the increase in loss on sales and revaluation from trading in debt and equity securities primarily due to unfavorable market conditions.

 

Net investment securities gains (losses)

 

Net investment securities losses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 were ¥1,178.4 billion, compared to net investment securities gains of ¥171.0 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007.

 

The net investment securities losses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 mainly reflected the impairment losses of ¥1,025.0 billion on debt securities available for sale and of ¥249.8 billion on marketable equity securities available for sale. The increase in impairment losses on debt securities was mainly due to the appreciation of the Japanese yen against US dollars in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The amount of impairment losses attributable to the appreciation of the Japanese yen against foreign currencies was ¥758.0 billion. The increase in impairment losses on marketable equity securities was due to a decline in Japanese stock prices in the fiscal year 2008. The Nikkei Stock Average, which is an average of 225 blue chip stocks listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, was ¥17,287.65 at March 30, 2007 and ¥12,525.54 at March 31, 2008.

 

Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2006

 

Non-interest income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 was ¥1,220.5 billion, an increase of ¥663.7 billion, from ¥556.8 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006. This increase was primarily due to the increases of ¥344.6 billion in net trading account profits, ¥206.2 billion in fees and commissions, ¥130.2 billion in net investment securities gains and an improvement of ¥117.8 billion in net foreign exchange losses. These increases and improvement were partially offset by a decrease of ¥103.0 billion in government grant for transfer of substitutional portion of employees’ pension fund plans, as there were no such transfers for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007.

 

Fees and commissions

 

Fees and commissions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 were ¥847.7 billion, an increase of ¥206.2 billion, from ¥641.5 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006. This increase was mainly due to the fact that the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 reflected only six months of the post-merger BTMU Group (with the first half of the fiscal year reflecting the pre-merger BTM Group only), while the results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 reflected the post-merger BTMU Group for the full twelve-month period.

 

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Net foreign exchange gains (losses)

 

Net foreign exchange losses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 were ¥163.6 billion, compared to net foreign exchange losses of ¥281.4 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006. The improvement in foreign exchange losses was mainly due to the smaller depreciation of the Japanese yen against foreign currencies in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007, compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006. For reference, the foreign exchange rate expressed in Japanese yen per US$1.00 was ¥107.39 at March 31, 2005, ¥117.47 at March 31, 2006, and ¥118.05 at March 30, 2007. The foreign exchange rate expressed in Japanese yen per €1.00 was ¥138.87 at March 31, 2005, ¥142.81 at March 31, 2006 and ¥157.33 at March 30, 2007. All transaction gains or losses on translation of monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are included in current earnings. However, the transaction gains or losses on translation of securities available for sale, such as bonds denominated in foreign currencies, are not included in current earnings but are reflected in other changes in equity from nonowner sources. As we maintain monetary liabilities denominated in foreign currencies for our asset liability management, net foreign exchange gains (losses) fluctuate with the appreciation (depreciation) of the Japanese yen.

 

Net trading account profits (losses)

 

Net trading account profits of ¥253.4 billion were recorded for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007, compared to net trading account losses of ¥91.2 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006.

 

Net profits (losses) on interest rate and other derivative contracts were largely affected by the impact of the decrease (increase) in Japanese long-term interest rates on interest rate swaps principally held for risk management purposes. Although such contracts are generally entered into for risk management purposes, the majority of them did not meet the conditions to qualify for hedge accounting under US GAAP and thus are accounted for as trading positions.

 

Though Japanese yen short-term interest rates generally rose during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 compared to the previous fiscal year, long-term interest rates generally declined. This decline in long-term interest rates had a favorable impact on our interest rate swap portfolios, in which we generally maintained net receive-fix and pay-variable positions, for managing interest rate risks on domestic deposits. The increase in net profits on interest rate and other derivative contracts of ¥383.7 billion was partially offset by a decrease in net profits on trading account securities, excluding derivatives of ¥39.1 billion, primarily reflecting the decline in profits from trading in debt and equity securities at our consolidated VIEs primarily due to unfavorable market conditions.

 

Net investment securities gains (losses)

 

Net investment securities gains for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 were ¥171.0 billion, an increase of ¥130.2 billion, from ¥40.8 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006.

 

The increase in net investment securities gains for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 mainly reflected the fact that net gains on sales of Japanese government bonds increased as the book value of such bonds declined, due to impairment losses recorded during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in net gains on sales of marketable equity securities and an increase in impairment losses on marketable equity securities. The decrease in net gains on sales of marketable equity securities for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 was partly due to a one-time adjustment to the book value of some of our marketable equity securities in connection with the merger with UFJ Bank. The increase in impairment losses on marketable equity securities was due to the fact that a larger number of our marketable equity securities were trading at depressed prices in a stagnant Japanese stock market in the fiscal year 2007, compared to a generally rising stock market in the previous fiscal year. The Nikkei Stock Average, which is an average of 225 blue chip stocks listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, was ¥11,668.95 at March 31, 2005, ¥17,059.66 at March 31, 2006 and ¥17,287.65 at March 30, 2007.

 

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Non-Interest Expense

 

The following table shows a summary of our non-interest expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008:

 

     Fiscal years ended March 31,
         2006            2007             2008    
     (in billions)

Salaries and employee benefits

   ¥ 585.6    ¥ 643.2     ¥ 699.5

Occupancy expenses—net

     95.8      123.4       115.8

Fees and commission expenses

     179.6      168.1       151.2

Outsourcing expenses, including data processing

     118.2      195.8       191.2

Depreciation of premises and equipment

     66.4      96.3       153.7

Amortization of intangible assets

     125.1      198.0       184.1

Impairment of intangible assets

     0.2      184.8       0.5

Insurance premiums, including deposit insurance

     78.8      101.3       101.9

Minority interest in income (loss) of consolidated subsidiaries

     108.9      (7.8 )     19.6

Communications

     33.0      45.3       46.4

Taxes and public charges

     47.8      68.3       72.4

Provision for repayment of excess interest

     12.9      106.2       2.8

Impairment of goodwill

     —        —         816.3

Other non-interest expenses

     164.5      249.1       331.5
                     

Total non-interest expense

   ¥ 1,616.8    ¥ 2,172.0     ¥ 2,886.9
                     

 

Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007

 

Non-interest expense for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥2,886.9 billion, an increase of ¥714.9 billion from the previous fiscal year. This increase was primarily due to the impairment of goodwill which we recorded during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 in the amount of ¥816.3 billion, but for which we did not record any amount for the previous fiscal year. The increase in non-interest expenses was partially offset by decreases in impairment of intangible assets and provision for repayment of excess interest.

 

Salaries and employee benefits

 

Salaries and employee benefits for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 were ¥699.5 billion, an increase of ¥56.3 billion from ¥643.2 billion for the previous fiscal year. This increase was mainly due to an increase in the one-time severance payments related to an early retirement program, totaling approximately ¥37 billion, made by a consumer finance subsidiary.

 

Depreciation of premises and equipment

 

Depreciation of premises and equipment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥153.7 billion, an increase of ¥57.4 billion from ¥96.3 billion for the previous fiscal year. This increase primarily reflected the fact that we reviewed the salvage values of premises and equipment and decided to change the estimated salvage values of these assets to ¥1 during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. This change had an adverse impact on our income from continuing operations before income tax expense and net loss of ¥47 billion and ¥28 billion, respectively, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. For further information, see Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

Impairment of intangible assets

 

Impairment of intangible assets for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥0.5 billion, a decrease of ¥184.3 billion, from ¥184.8 billion for the previous fiscal year. The decrease was mainly due to our having no impairment of intangible assets related to a subsidiary in the consumer finance business whereas a significant amount was provided during the previous fiscal year.

 

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Provision for repayment of excess interest

 

Provision for repayment of excess interest for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥2.8 billion, a decrease of ¥103.4 billion from ¥106.2 billion for the previous fiscal year. The decrease was mainly due to a decrease in the provision for repayment of excess interest at our consumer finance subsidiaries.

 

Impairment of goodwill

 

In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, we recorded an impairment of goodwill of ¥816.3 billion. We recorded an impairment in goodwill due to, among other factors, the recent global financial market instability which negatively impacted the fair value of our reporting units for purposes of our periodic testing of goodwill for impairment. We did not record an impairment of goodwill for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. For further information, see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2006

 

Non-interest expense for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 was ¥2,172.0 billion, an increase of ¥555.2 billion from the previous fiscal year. This increase was primarily due to increases in most types of expenses, especially salaries and employee benefits, outsourcing expenses, including data processing, amortization of intangible assets, impairment of intangible assets and provision for repayment of excess interest. These increases were partially offset by the decrease in minority interest income (loss) of consolidated subsidiaries.

 

Salaries and employee benefits

 

Salaries and employee benefits for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 were ¥643.2 billion, an increase of ¥57.6 billion, from ¥585.6 billion for the previous fiscal year. Outsourcing expenses, including data processing, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 was ¥195.8 billion, an increase of ¥77.6 billion, from ¥118.2 billion for the previous fiscal year. These increases primarily reflected the fact that the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 reflected only six months of the post-merger BTMU Group (with the first half of the fiscal year reflecting the non-interest expense of the pre-merger BTM Group only), while the results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 reflected the post-merger BTMU Group for the full twelve-month period.

 

Amortization of intangible assets

 

Amortization of intangible assets for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 was ¥198.0 billion, an increase of ¥72.9 billion, from ¥125.1 billion for the previous fiscal year. This increase was mainly due to the amortization of core deposit intangibles recognized in the merger with UFJ Bank, as well as the amortization of IT systems-related software, which also increased due to the merger.

 

Impairment of intangible assets

 

Impairment of intangible assets for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 was ¥184.8 billion, an increase of ¥184.6 billion, from ¥0.2 billion for the previous fiscal year. The increase was mainly due to the impairment of intangible assets related to our subsidiary in the consumer finance business caused by the downward revision of projected earnings of the subsidiary due to adverse changes in the consumer finance business environment.

 

Minority interest in income (loss) of consolidated subsidiaries

 

Minority interest in income (loss) of consolidated subsidiaries for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 was a loss of ¥7.8 billion, a decrease of ¥116.7 billion, from an income of ¥108.9 billion for the previous fiscal year.

 

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The decrease mainly reflects decrease in income from our consolidated subsidiaries and VIEs, including, in particular, losses recorded at a consumer finance subsidiary.

 

Provision for repayment of excess interest

 

Provision for repayment of excess interest for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 was ¥106.2 billion, an increase of ¥93.3 billion from ¥12.9 billion for the previous fiscal year. The increase was mainly due to an increase in allowance for repayment at our consumer finance subsidiaries which reflected a rise in borrowers’ claims for reimbursement of excess interest payments.

 

Income Tax Expense

 

The following table presents a summary of our income tax expense:

 

     Fiscal years ended March 31,  
         2006             2007             2008      
     (in billions, except percentages)  

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

   ¥ 297.1     ¥ 872.0     ¥ 34.0  

Income tax expense

   ¥ 68.9     ¥ 410.3     ¥ 490.3  

Effective income tax rate

     23.2 %     47.1 %     1,442.6 %

Combined normal effective statutory tax rate

     40.6 %     40.6 %     40.6 %

 

Reconciling items between the combined normal effective statutory tax rates and the effective income tax rates for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 are summarized as follows:

 

     Fiscal years ended March 31,  
         2006             2007             2008      

Combined normal effective statutory tax rate

   40.6 %   40.6 %   40.6 %

Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:

      

Nondeductible expenses

   1.1     0.1     5.8  

Dividends from foreign subsidiaries

   2.9     1.1     37.0  

Foreign tax credit and payments

   2.0     0.9     3.7  

Lower tax rates applicable to income of subsidiaries

   (12.2 )   (0.7 )   (30.7 )

Minority interests

   14.5     (0.3 )   22.6  

Change in valuation allowance

   1.3     8.2     418.1  

Realization of previously unrecognized tax effects of subsidiaries

   (29.1 )   —       2.2  

Nontaxable dividends received

   (2.1 )   (1.3 )   (34.0 )

Tax expense on capital transactions by a subsidiary

   8.0     —       —    

Impairment of goodwill

   —       —       975.2  

Other—net

   (3.8 )   (1.5 )   2.1  
                  

Effective income tax rate

   23.2 %   47.1 %   1,442.6 %
                  

 

The effective income tax rate of 1,442.6% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was 1,402.0 percentage points higher than the combined normal effective statutory tax rate of 40.6%. This higher tax rate was primarily due to the fact that an impairment of goodwill was recorded under US GAAP, decreasing our income from continuing operations before income tax expense and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle to ¥34.0 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Under Japanese tax law, such impairment of goodwill was not deductible in computing our taxable income and, accordingly, our income tax expense was significantly higher in comparison to our income from continuing operations before income tax expense and cumulative effect

 

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of a change in accounting principle reported under US GAAP. In addition, the higher effective income tax rate reflected an additional valuation allowance related to operating loss carryforwards that were no longer deemed to be “more likely than not” to be realized, due to a decline in estimated future taxable income resulting from the downturn in financial and banking businesses caused by disruptions in the global financial markets.

 

The effective income tax rate of 47.1% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 was 6.5 percentage points higher than the combined normal effective statutory tax rate of 40.6%. This higher tax rate primarily reflected an additional valuation allowance for certain companies, including a subsidiary in the consumer finance business.

 

The effective income tax rate of 23.2% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 was 17.4 percentage points lower than the combined normal effective statutory tax rate of 40.6%. This lower tax rate primarily reflected realization of previously unrecognized tax effects in conjunction with the liquidation of certain subsidiaries and recognition of tax benefits through the reorganization of business within the BTMU Group, which were partly offset by certain items, including minority interests and tax expense on capital transactions by a subsidiary.

 

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Business Segment Analysis

 

We measure the performance of each of our business segments primarily in terms of “operating profit.” Operating profit and other segment information are based on the financial information prepared in accordance with Japanese GAAP as adjusted in accordance with internal management accounting rules and practices. Accordingly, the format and information is not consistent with our consolidated financial statements prepared on the basis of US GAAP. For example, operating profit does not reflect items such as a part of provision (credit) for credit losses (primarily an equivalent of formula allowance under US GAAP), foreign exchange gains (losses) and equity investment securities gains (losses).

 

The following is a brief explanation of our business segments:

 

   

Retail Banking, which provides banking products and services to individual customers in Japan;

 

   

Corporate Banking, which provides banking products and services, investment banking advisory, and other services to large corporations and some small- and medium-sized companies in Japan;

 

   

Global Banking, which consists of:

 

   

Global Banking (Other than UNBC), which provides banking products and services, investment banking advisory services, and other services to the overseas operations of both large- and medium-sized Japanese corporations as well as non-Japanese corporations who do business on a global basis, excluding UNBC’s customers;

 

   

UNBC, which includes our subsidiaries in California, UnionBanCal Corporation and Union Bank of California, N.A.;

 

   

Global Markets, which conducts its asset and liability management, liquidity management, and sales and trading of foreign exchange and interest-rate-related derivatives; and

 

   

Other, which consists of:

 

   

systems services, which is responsible for our computer systems;

 

   

trust and asset management business promotion for companies, including defined contribution plans;

 

   

eBusiness & IT Initiatives, which is responsible for developing information technology business opportunities; and

 

   

the corporate center, which retains functions such as strategic planning, overall risk management, internal auditing and compliance.

 

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The following table shows the business segment information for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008:

 

Effective April 1, 2007, there were changes made in the managerial accounting methods, including those regarding revenue and expense distribution among BTMU’s business segments. The presentation set forth below has been reclassified to conform to the new basis of managerial accounting. For further information, see Note 28 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

    Retail
Banking
  Corporate
Banking(2)
  Global Banking(3)   Global
Markets(2)
  Other     Total
(in billions)           Other than
UNBC
  UNBC   Total              

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2006

               

Net revenue(1)

  ¥ 743.7   ¥ 716.0   ¥ 190.1   ¥ 350.3   ¥ 558.9   ¥ 281.3   ¥ (26.6 )   ¥ 2,273.3

Operating expenses

    495.4     247.6     124.8     202.4     337.0     32.8     124.6       1,237.4
                                                 

Operating profit (loss)

  ¥ 248.3   ¥ 468.4   ¥ 65.3   ¥ 147.9   ¥ 221.9   ¥ 248.5   ¥ (151.2 )   ¥ 1,035.9
                                                 

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2007

               

Net revenue(1)

  ¥ 1,098.8   ¥ 927.7   ¥ 267.4   ¥ 324.3   ¥ 595.2   ¥ 284.3   ¥ 15.6     ¥ 2,921.6

Operating expenses

    745.5     370.0     140.6     200.9     343.4     40.8     159.7       1,659.4
                                                 

Operating profit (loss)

  ¥ 353.3   ¥ 557.7   ¥ 126.8   ¥ 123.4   ¥ 251.8   ¥ 243.5   ¥ (144.1 )   ¥ 1,262.2
                                                 

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2008

               

Net revenue(1)

  ¥ 1,124.6   ¥ 895.1   ¥ 269.6   ¥ 296.4   ¥ 566.5   ¥ 240.4   ¥ 15.8     ¥ 2,842.4

Operating expenses

    771.0     386.6     145.7     187.6     334.6     42.7     169.1       1,704.0
                                                 

Operating profit (loss)

  ¥ 353.6   ¥ 508.5   ¥ 123.9   ¥ 108.8   ¥ 231.9   ¥ 197.7   ¥ (153.3 )   ¥ 1,138.4
                                                 

 

Notes:

(1)   Net revenue does not include interest income on loans to MUFG.
(2)   In accordance with our internal management accounting policies, we allocate profit (loss) relating to securitized products between the Corporate Banking business segment and the Global Markets business segment.
(3)   Within Global Banking, results of certain liquidated subsidiaries for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 are not included in the “Other than UNBC” column, while they are included in the “Total” column for internal management reporting purpose.

 

Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007

 

Total net revenue decreased ¥79.2 billion, from ¥2,921.6 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to ¥2,842.4 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Net revenue decreased ¥32.6 billion in the Corporate Banking business segment, ¥28.7 billion in the Global Banking business segment and ¥43.9 billion in the Global Markets business segment.

 

Total operating expenses increased ¥44.6 billion, from ¥1,659.4 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to ¥1,704.0 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. This increase was mainly due to an increase of ¥25.5 billion in the Retail Banking business segment, ¥16.6 billion in the Corporate Banking business segment and ¥9.4 billion in the Other Business segment. These increases primarily reflected an increase in expenses related to IT systems integration and compliance related investments.

 

Net revenue of the Retail Banking business segment increased ¥25.8 billion, from ¥1,098.8 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to ¥1,124.6 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. This increase was mainly due to deposit income offsetting the negative effect of the lowering of interest rates at a consumer finance subsidiary.

 

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Net revenue of the Corporate Banking business segment decreased ¥32.6 billion, from ¥927.7 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to ¥895.1 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. This decrease was mainly due to a decrease in interest income from loans because of intensified competition, a decrease in the volume of currency options sales because of the recent deterioration in financial market conditions and losses relating to securitized products. These decreases were partially offset by increases in deposit income.

 

Net revenue of the Global Banking business segment (Other than UNBC) increased ¥2.2 billion, from ¥267.4 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to ¥269.6 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. This increase was mainly due to revenue derived from non-Japanese corporations in Europe and the United States.

 

Net revenue of the Global Banking business segment (UNBC) decreased ¥27.9 billion, from ¥324.3 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to ¥296.4 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. The decrease was principally due to a shift in the nature of deposits from non-interest-bearing and low-cost deposits into higher-cost deposits.

 

Net revenue of the Global Markets business segment decreased ¥43.9 billion, from ¥284.3 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to ¥240.4 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. This decrease was mainly due to losses relating to securitized products.

 

Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2006

 

The merger of BTM with UFJ Bank was the major factor in the changes in the business segment analysis between the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006 and 2007. As discussed in “—Introduction—Key Financial Figures”, although the merger of BTM with UFJ Bank occurred on January 1, 2006, the results of operations of the UFJ Bank Group have been included since October 1, 2005. The results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 reflected the pre-merger results of the BTM Group for the six months ended September 30, 2005 and the post-merger results of the BTMU Group for the six months ended March 31, 2006. The results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 reflected the post-merger results of the BTMU Group for the full twelve-month period.

 

Total net revenue increased ¥648.3 billion from ¥2,273.3 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 to ¥2,921.6 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007, and total operating expenses increased ¥422.0 billion from ¥1,237.4 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 to ¥1,659.4 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. These increases mainly reflected the fact that the results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 reflected only six months of the post-merger BTMU Group (with the first half of the fiscal year reflecting the pre-merger BTM Group only), while the results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 reflected the post-merger BTMU Group for the full twelve-month period.

 

Net revenue of the Retail Banking business segment increased ¥355.1 billion, from ¥743.7 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 to ¥1,098.8 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. This increase primarily reflected the fact that the results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 reflected only six months of the post-merger BTMU Group (with the first half of the fiscal year reflecting the pre-merger BTM Group only), while the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 reflected the post-merger BTMU Group for the full twelve-month period. Additional factors contributing to this net revenue growth were increases in income from commercial banking operations, such as interest earned from our domestic Japanese yen deposits as a result of the increase in interest spread. These increases were partially offset by decreases in interest spread from our domestic housing loans.

 

Net revenue of the Corporate Banking business segment increased ¥211.7 billion, from ¥716.0 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 to ¥927.7 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. This increase primarily reflected the fact that the results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 reflected only six months of

 

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the post-merger BTMU Group (with the first half of the fiscal year reflecting those of the pre-merger BTM Group only), while the results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 reflected the post-merger BTMU Group for the full twelve-month period. As a result, net revenue in most areas, such as net interest income from loans, and fees related to investment banking, increased. A decrease in interest spread from our lending operations to large- and medium-sized Japanese companies, due to the improved credit of many borrowers and increased competition with other financial institutions, partially offset the increase in net revenue.

 

Net revenue of the Global Banking business segment (Other than UNBC) increased ¥77.3 billion, from ¥190.1 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 to ¥267.4 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. This increase primarily reflected the fact that the results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 reflected only six months of the post-merger BTMU Group (with the first half of the fiscal year reflecting the pre-merger BTM Group only), while the results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 reflected the post-merger BTMU Group for the full twelve-month period. Factors which increased net revenue other than the merger were incomes from commercial banking operations such as deposits and lending operations mainly consisting of loans to Japanese corporate clients situated outside Japan in Asia and Europe.

 

Net revenue of the Global Banking business segment (UNBC) decreased ¥26.0 billion, from ¥350.3 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 to ¥324.3 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The decrease was principally due to the fact that profits from the sales of international correspondent banking did not occur in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. There were also decreases in net interest income, caused by the shift in customer deposits from non-interest bearing deposits or other investments, in response to rising short-term interest rates in the United States.

 

Net revenue of the Global Markets business segment increased ¥3.0 billion, from ¥281.3 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 to ¥284.3 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. This increase was also mainly due to the fact that the results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 reflected only six months of the post-merger BTMU Group (with the first half of the fiscal year reflecting the pre-merger BTM Group only), while the results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 reflected the post-merger BTMU Group for the full twelve-month period. These increases were partially offsets by the decrease in profits on foreign-currency ALM operations due to the increase in interest rates.

 

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Geographic Segment Analysis

 

The table immediately below sets forth our total revenue, income from continuing operations before income tax expense and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle and net income (loss) on a geographic basis for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008. Assets, income and expenses attributable to foreign operations are allocated to geographical areas based on the domicile of the debtors and customers. For further information, see Note 29 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

     Fiscal years ended March 31,  
     2006     2007    2008  
     (in billions)  

Total revenue (interest income and non-interest income):

       

Domestic

   ¥ 1,481.7     ¥ 2,697.2    ¥ 3,851.6  
                       

Foreign:

       

United States

     861.3       1,089.1      141.1  

Europe

     190.5       447.5      390.9  

Asia/Oceania excluding Japan

     174.9       264.2      434.5  

Other areas(1)

     97.8       166.8      89.3  
                       

Total foreign

     1,324.5       1,967.6      1,055.8  
                       

Total

   ¥ 2,806.2     ¥ 4,664.8    ¥ 4,907.4  
                       

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle:

       

Domestic

   ¥ (254.5 )   ¥ 5.1    ¥ 299.9  
                       

Foreign:

       

United States

     369.1       457.0      (543.9 )

Europe

     59.2       244.6      105.1  

Asia/Oceania excluding Japan

     63.9       85.0      184.3  

Other areas(1)

     59.4       80.3      (11.4 )
                       

Total foreign

     551.6       866.9      (265.9 )
                       

Total

   ¥ 297.1     ¥ 872.0    ¥ 34.0  
                       

Net income (loss):

       

Domestic

   ¥ (207.3 )   ¥ 4.0    ¥ (143.1 )
                       

Foreign:

       

United States

     288.7       241.2      (665.0 )

Europe

     45.8       130.8      134.0  

Asia/Oceania excluding Japan

     55.6       45.4      232.3  

Other areas(1)

     46.0       39.5      (16.3 )
                       

Total foreign

     436.1       456.9      (315.0 )
                       

Total

   ¥ 228.8     ¥ 460.9    ¥ (458.1 )
                       

 

Note:

(1)   Other areas primarily include Canada, Latin America and the Caribbean.

 

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Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007

 

Domestic net loss for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥143.1 billion, compared to net income of ¥4.0 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. This deterioration was mainly due to our recording an impairment of goodwill for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.

 

Foreign net loss for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥315.0 billion, compared to a foreign net income of ¥456.9 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. This deterioration primarily reflected the net loss in the United States mainly due to an increase in impairment losses on investment securities denominated in US dollars.

 

Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2006

 

Domestic net income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 was ¥4.0 billion, compared to net loss of ¥207.3 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006. This improvement primarily reflected the increase in non-interest income due to increases in net trading profits and net investment securities gains and a decrease in net foreign exchange losses compared to the previous fiscal year.

 

Foreign net income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 was ¥456.9 billion, compared to ¥436.1 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006. This increase primarily reflected the increase in net income in Europe.

 

Effect of the Change in Exchange Rates on Foreign Currency Translation

 

Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007

 

The average exchange rate for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥114.29 per US$1.00, compared to the prior fiscal year’s average exchange rate of ¥117.02 per US$1.00. The average exchange rate for the conversion of the US dollar financial statements of some of our foreign subsidiaries for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 was ¥117.84 per US$1.00, compared to the average exchange rate for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 of ¥116.38 per US$1.00.

 

The change in the average exchange rate of the Japanese yen against the US dollar and other foreign currencies had the effect of increasing total revenue by ¥31.3 billion, net interest income by ¥11.4 billion and income before income taxes by ¥12.7 billion, respectively, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.

 

Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2007 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2006

 

The average exchange rate for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 was ¥117.02 per US$1.00, compared to the prior fiscal year’s average exchange rate of ¥113.31 per US$1.00. The average exchange rate for the conversion of the US dollar financial statements of some of our foreign subsidiaries for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 was ¥116.38 per US$1.00, compared to the average exchange rate for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 of ¥110.21 per US$1.00.

 

The change in the average exchange rate of the Japanese yen against the US dollar and other foreign currencies had the effect of increasing total revenue by approximately ¥88 billion, net interest income by approximately ¥35 billion and income before income taxes by approximately ¥15 billion, respectively, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007.

 

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B.    Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Financial Condition

 

Total Assets

 

Our total assets at March 31, 2008 were ¥152.08 trillion, a decrease of ¥1.53 trillion from ¥153.61 trillion at March 31, 2007. The decrease in total assets mainly reflected decreases in investment securities of ¥7.55 trillion, call loans and funds sold of ¥1.12 trillion and goodwill of ¥0.80 trillion. These decreases were partially offset by increases in net loans of ¥3.60 trillion, receivables under securities borrowing transactions of ¥1.28 trillion, trading account assets of ¥1.23 trillion, cash and due from banks of ¥1.12 trillion and deferred tax assets of ¥0.35 trillion. The decrease in investment securities was mainly due to the sale of Japanese government bonds to take advantage of lower market interest rates.

 

We have allocated a substantial portion of our assets to international activities. As a result, reported amounts are affected by changes in the value of the Japanese yen against the US dollar and other foreign currencies. Foreign assets are denominated primarily in US dollars. The following table shows our total assets at March 31, 2007 and 2008 by geographic region based principally on the domicile of the obligors:

 

     At March 31,
     2007    2008
     (in trillions)

Japan

   ¥ 119.10    ¥ 111.14
             

Foreign:

     

United States of America

     17.58      17.94

Europe

     7.43      10.83

Asia/Oceania excluding Japan

     6.36      7.94

Other areas(1)

     3.14      4.23
             

Total foreign

     34.51      40.94
             

Total

   ¥ 153.61    ¥ 152.08
             

 

Note:

(1)   Other areas primarily include Canada, Latin America and the Caribbean.

 

At March 31, 2008, the foreign exchange rate expressed in Japanese yen per US$1.00 was ¥100.19, as compared with ¥118.05 at March 30, 2007. The Japanese yen amount of foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities decreases as the relevant exchange rates resulted in an increase in the value of the Japanese yen relative to such foreign currencies. The appreciation of the Japanese yen against the US dollar and other foreign currencies during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 decreased the Japanese yen amount of our total assets by ¥9.92 trillion.

 

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Loan Portfolio

 

The following table sets forth our loans outstanding, before deduction of allowance for credit losses, at March 31, 2007 and 2008, based on classification by industry segment as defined by the Bank of Japan for regulatory reporting purposes, which is not necessarily based on use of proceeds. Classification of loans by industry at March 31, 2007 has been restated. For further information, see Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

     At March 31,  
     2007 (Restated)     2008  
     (in billions)  

Domestic(1):

    

Manufacturing

   ¥ 9,600.7     ¥ 9,906.4  

Construction

     1,689.8       1,601.7  

Real estate

     6,676.0       6,605.0  

Services

     6,063.2       5,725.7  

Wholesale and retail

     8,545.5       8,547.3  

Banks and other financial institutions(2)

     3,309.9       3,548.5  

Communication and information services

     1,002.5       962.8  

Other industries

     9,183.1       9,390.3  

Consumer

     22,490.4       22,650.8  
                

Total domestic

     68,561.1       68,938.5  
                

Foreign:

    

Governments and official institutions

     371.6       315.4  

Banks and other financial institutions(2)

     1,618.8       2,021.0  

Commercial and industrial

     13,256.5       15,998.8  

Other

     2,363.8       2,586.8  
                

Total foreign

     17,610.7       20,922.0  
                

Total

     86,171.8       89,860.5  
                

Unearned income, unamortized premiums—net and deferred loan fees—net

     (47.7 )     (80.7 )
                

Total(3)

   ¥ 86,124.1     ¥ 89,779.8  
                

 

Notes:

(1)   Since the credit administration system was upgraded, a precise breakdown of the balance of consumer loans by the type of proprietor business became available. As a result, the consumer balances at March 31, 2007 and 2008 do not include those loans to individuals who utilize loan proceeds to finance their proprietor activities and not for their personal financing needs. The balances at March 31, 2007 were reclassified accordingly.
(2)   Loans to the so-called non-bank finance companies are generally included in the “Banks and other financial institutions” category. Non-bank finance companies are primarily engaged in consumer lending, factoring and credit card businesses.
(3)   The above table includes loans held for sale of ¥87.1 billion at March 31, 2007 and ¥469.8 billion at March 31, 2008, which are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value.

 

Loans are our primary use of funds. The average loan balance accounted for 61.3% of total interest-earning assets for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 and 62.2% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.

 

At March 31, 2008, our total loans were ¥89.78 trillion, representing an increase of ¥3.66 trillion from ¥86.12 trillion at March 31, 2007. Before unearned income, unamortized premiums—net and deferred loan fees—net, our loan balance at March 31, 2008 consisted of ¥68.94 trillion of domestic loans and ¥20.92 trillion of foreign loans, while the loan balance at March 31, 2007 consisted of ¥68.56 trillion of domestic loans and ¥17.61 trillion of foreign loans. Between March 31, 2007 and March 31, 2008, domestic loans increased ¥0.38 trillion and foreign loans increased ¥3.31 trillion.

 

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Domestic loans outstanding at March 31, 2008 remained approximately at the same level as those at March 31, 2007. Breaking down the domestic portfolio by industry segment, the loan balance for manufacturing increased ¥0.31 trillion and the loan balance for banks and other financial institutions increased ¥0.24 trillion, while the loan balance for services decreased ¥0.33 trillion.

 

Despite foreign corporations’ increasing need for funds, the ability of corporations to obtain funds from the capital markets mainly in the United States and Europe was affected by the recent disruptions in the financial markets. The recent disruptions in the financial markets also caused US and European banks to reduce lending activity. As a result, loans to our customers increased mainly in the United States and Europe during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.

 

Allowance for Credit Losses, Nonperforming and Past Due Loans

 

The following table shows a summary of the changes in the allowance for credit losses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008:

 

     Fiscal years ended March 31,  
     2006     2007     2008  
     (in billions)  

Balance at beginning of fiscal year

   ¥ 567.7     ¥ 913.0     ¥ 993.5  

Additions resulting from the merger with UFJ Bank(1)

     279.2       —         —    

Provision for credit losses

     163.4       341.6       407.2  

Charge-offs:

      

Domestic

     (116.7 )     (284.4 )     (363.5 )

Foreign

     (10.4 )     (13.9 )     (6.3 )
                        

Total

     (127.1 )     (298.3 )     (369.8 )

Recoveries:

      

Domestic

     3.2       28.2       23.8  

Foreign

     16.2       4.8       2.0  
                        

Total

     19.4       33.0       25.8  
                        

Net charge-offs

     (107.7 )     (265.3 )     (344.0 )

Others(2)

     10.4       4.2       (6.0 )
                        

Balance at end of fiscal year

   ¥ 913.0     ¥ 993.5     ¥ 1,050.7  
                        

 

Notes:

(1)   Additions resulting from the merger with UFJ Bank represent the allowance for credit losses for acquired loans outside the scope of SOP 03-3. The allowance for credit losses on loans within the scope of SOP 03-3 was not carried over.
(2)   “Others” principally include foreign exchange translation adjustments.

 

As previously discussed, the provision for credit losses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥407.2 billion, an increase of ¥65.6 billion from ¥341.6 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The increase in the provision for credit losses was mainly due to the downgrade in credit rating of certain overseas borrowers.

 

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, the ratio of the provision for credit losses of ¥407.2 billion to the average loan balance of ¥87.95 trillion was 0.46%, and that to the total average interest-earning assets of ¥141.31 trillion was 0.29%.

 

Charge-offs for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 were ¥369.8 billion, an increase of ¥71.5 billion from ¥298.3 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The increase in the charge-offs was mainly due to increases in the charge-offs for the domestic wholesale and retail, services, and manufacturing segments.

 

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The total allowance at March 31, 2008 was ¥1,050.7 billion, an increase of ¥57.2 billion from ¥993.5 billion at March 31, 2007 as we recorded a provision for credit losses of ¥407.2 billion, whereas we had net charge-offs of ¥344.0 billion.

 

The following table presents comparative data in relation to the principal amount of nonperforming loans sold and reversal of allowance for credit losses:

 

     Principal
amount of
loans(1)
   Allowance for
credit losses(2)
   Loans,
net of
allowance
   Reversal of
allowance for
credit losses
 
     (in billions)  

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007

   ¥ 121.4    ¥ 35.7    ¥ 85.7    ¥ (23.9 )

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008

   ¥ 76.5    ¥ 19.9    ¥ 56.6    ¥ (11.8 )

 

Notes:

(1)   Represents principal amount after the deduction of charge-offs made before the sales of nonperforming loans.
(2)   Represents allowance for credit losses at the latest balance-sheet date.

 

Through the sale of nonperforming loans to third parties, additional provisions or gains may arise from factors such as a change in the credit quality of the borrowers or the value of the underlying collateral subsequent to the prior reporting date, and the risk appetite and investment policy of the purchasers.

 

Due to the inherent uncertainty of factors that may affect negotiated prices which reflect the borrowers’ financial condition and the value of underlying collateral, the fact that we recorded no additional cost during the reported periods is not necessarily indicative of the results that we may record in the future.

 

In connection with the sale of loans including performing loans, we recorded net gains of ¥22.7 billion and ¥12.7 billion for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

 

The following table summarizes the allowance for credit losses by component at March 31, 2007 and 2008:

 

     At March 31,
     2007    2008
     (in billions)

Allocated allowance:

     

Specific—specifically identified problem loans

   ¥ 511.9    ¥ 544.6

Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans

     129.5      129.1

Loans exposed to specific country risk

     0.1      0.1

Formula—substandard, special mention and other loans

     345.0      367.2

Unallocated allowance

     7.0      9.7
             

Total allowance

   ¥ 993.5    ¥ 1,050.7
             

 

Allowance policy

 

Our credit rating system is closely linked to the risk grading standards set by the Japanese regulatory authorities for asset evaluation and assessment, and is used as a basis for establishing the allowance for credit losses and charge-offs. The categorization is based on conditions that may affect the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial condition and results of operations, historical payment experience, credit documentation, other public information and current trends. For a discussion of our credit rating system, see “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk—Credit Risk Management—Credit Rating System.”

 

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Change in total allowance and provision for credit losses

 

At March 31, 2008, the total allowance for credit losses was ¥1,050.7 billion, representing 1.17% of our total loan portfolio. At March 31, 2007, the total allowance for credit losses was ¥993.5 billion, representing 1.15% of our total loan portfolio.

 

The total allowance increased from ¥993.5 billion at March 31, 2007 to ¥1,050.7 billion at March 31, 2008 primarily as a result of the downgrade in credit rating of certain borrowers.

 

The provision for credit losses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥407.2 billion, a increase of ¥65.6 billion from ¥341.6 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The increase in the provision for credit losses was mainly due to the downgrade in credit rating of certain overseas borrowers.

 

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, there were no significant changes in our general allowance policy, which affected our allowance for credit losses for the period, resulting from directives, advice or counsel from governmental or regulatory bodies.

 

Allocated allowance for specifically identified problem loans

 

The allocated credit loss allowance for specifically identified problem loans represents the allowance against impaired loans required under SFAS No. 114, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan.” Impaired loans primarily include nonaccrual loans and restructured loans. We generally discontinue the accrual of interest income on loans when substantial doubt exists as to the full and timely collection of either principal or interest, or when principal or interest is contractually past due one month or more with respect to loans made by us or by certain domestic subsidiaries, and 90 days or more with respect to loans of certain foreign subsidiaries. Loans are classified as restructured loans when we grant a concession to borrowers for economic or legal reasons related to the borrowers’ financial difficulties.

 

Detailed reviews of impaired loans are performed after a borrower’s annual or semi-annual financial statements first become available. In addition, as part of an ongoing credit review process, our credit officers monitor changes in all customers’ creditworthiness, including bankruptcy, past due principal or interest, downgrading of external credit ratings, declines in the stock price, business restructuring and other events, and reassess our ratings of borrowers in response to such events. This credit monitoring process forms an integral part of our overall risk management process. An impaired loan is evaluated individually based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s estimated market price or the fair value of the collateral at the annual and semi-annual balance-sheet date, if the loan is collateral-dependent as of a balance-sheet date.

 

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The following table summarizes nonaccrual and restructured loans, and accruing loans that are contractually past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest payments, at March 31, 2007 and 2008:

 

     At March 31,  
     2007     2008  
     (in billions, except
percentages)
 

Nonaccrual loans:

    

Domestic(1):

    

Manufacturing

   ¥ 80.9     ¥ 108.3  

Construction

     43.2       44.2  

Real estate

     138.7       161.6  

Services

     134.0       135.9  

Wholesale and retail

     126.5       152.9  

Banks and other financial institutions

     10.2       4.3  

Communication and information services

     22.0       43.2  

Other industries

     120.4       33.0  

Consumer

     284.0       303.6  
                

Total domestic

     959.9       987.0  

Foreign

     39.0       116.1  
                

Total nonaccrual loans

     998.9       1,103.1  
                

Restructured loans:

    

Domestic(1):

    

Manufacturing

     80.8       63.5  

Construction

     13.0       14.8  

Real estate

     96.6       118.4  

Services

     48.1       32.3  

Wholesale and retail

     107.6       30.9  

Banks and other financial institutions

     0.6       2.0  

Communication and information services

     2.9       2.6  

Other industries

     58.6       112.3  

Consumer

     63.1       54.6  
                

Total domestic

     471.3       431.4  

Foreign

     40.3       22.8  
                

Total restructured loans

     511.6       454.2  
                

Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more:

    

Domestic

     19.5       13.5  

Foreign

     1.8       3.0  
                

Total accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more

     21.3       16.5  
                

Total

   ¥ 1,531.8     ¥ 1,573.8  
                

Total loans

   ¥ 86,124.1     ¥ 89,779.8  
                

Nonaccrual and restructured loans, and accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more as a percentage of total loans

     1.78 %     1.75 %
                

 

Note:

(1)   Since the credit administration system was upgraded, a precise breakdown of the balance of consumer loans by the type of proprietor business became available. As a result, the consumer balance at March 31, 2007 and 2008 do not include those loans to individuals who utilize loan proceeds to finance their proprietor activities and for their personal financing needs. The balance at March 31, 2007 were reclassified accordingly.

 

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Nonaccrual and restructured loans and accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more increased ¥42.0 billion from ¥1,531.8 billion at March 31, 2007 to ¥1,573.8 billion at March 31, 2008. The percentage of nonperforming loans to the total loans decreased to 1.75% at March 31, 2008 from 1.78% at March 31, 2007.

 

Total nonaccrual loans were ¥1,103.1 billion at March 31, 2008, an increase of ¥104.2 billion from ¥998.9 billion at March 31, 2007. This increase was mainly due to an increase of ¥27.1 billion in domestic nonaccrual loans, and an increase of ¥77.1 billion in foreign nonaccrual loans, mainly due to the downgrade in credit rating of certain overseas borrowers. Domestic nonaccrual loans in domestic other industries decreased ¥87.4 billion mainly due to the upgrade in credit rating of certain borrowers.

 

Total restructured loans were ¥454.2 billion at March 31, 2008, a decrease of ¥57.4 billion from ¥511.6 billion at March 31, 2007. Domestic restructured loans decreased ¥39.9 billion to ¥431.4 billion at March 31, 2008 from ¥471.3 billion at March 31, 2007 mainly due to the upgrade in credit rating of certain large borrowers. While the restructured loans in the wholesale and retail segments decreased ¥76.7 billion, those in the other industries increased ¥53.7 billion.

 

The following table summarizes the balances of impaired loans and related impairment allowances at March 31, 2007 and 2008, excluding smaller-balance homogeneous loans:

 

     At March 31,
     2007    2008
     Loan
balance
    Impairment
allowance
   Loan
balance
    Impairment
allowance
     (in billions)

Requiring an impairment allowance

   ¥ 987.2     ¥ 511.9    ¥ 1,079.2     ¥ 544.6

Not requiring an impairment allowance(1)

     239.3       —        300.4       —  
                             

Total(2)

   ¥ 1,226.5     ¥ 511.9    ¥ 1,379.6     ¥ 544.6
                             

Percentage of the allocated allowance to total impaired loans

     41.7 %        39.5 %  
                     

 

Notes:

(1)   These loans do not require an allowance for credit losses under SFAS No. 114 since the fair values of the impaired loans equal or exceed the recorded investments in the loans.
(2)   In addition to impaired loans presented in the above table, there were loans held for sale that were impaired in the amount of ¥0.8 billion and ¥11.9 billion at March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

 

Impaired loans increased ¥153.1 billion from ¥1,226.5 billion at March 31, 2007 to ¥1,379.6 billion at March 31, 2008, reflecting the increase in restructured loans.

 

The percentage of the allocated allowance to total impaired loans decreased 2.2 percentage points to 39.5% at March 31, 2008 from 41.7% at March 31, 2007.

 

Based upon a review of the financial status of borrowers, we may grant various concessions (modification of loan terms) to troubled borrowers at the borrowers’ request, including reductions in the stated interest rates, debt write-offs, and extensions of the maturity date. According to our policies, such modifications are made to mitigate the near-term burden of the loans to the borrowers and to better match the payment terms with the borrowers’ expected future cash flows or, in cooperation with other creditors, to reduce the overall debt burden of the borrowers so that they may normalize their operations, in each case to improve the likelihood that the loans will be repaid in accordance with the revised terms. The nature and amount of the concessions depend on the particular financial condition of each borrower. In principle, however, we do not modify the terms of loans to borrowers that are considered “Likely to Become Bankrupt,” “Virtually Bankrupt” or “Bankrupt” under the self-assessment categories established by Japanese banking regulations because in these cases there is little likelihood that the modification of loan terms would enhance recovery of the loans.

 

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Allocated allowance for large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans

 

The allocated credit loss allowance for large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans is focused on loss experience for the pools of loans rather than on an analysis of individual loans. Large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans primarily consist of first mortgage housing loans to individuals. The allowance for groups of performing loans is based on historical loss experience over a period. In determining the level of the allowance for delinquent groups of loans, we classify groups of homogeneous loans based on the risk rating and/or the number of delinquencies. We determine the credit loss allowance for delinquent groups of loans based on the probability of insolvency by the number of actual delinquencies and actual loss experience.

 

The allocated credit loss allowance for large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans was ¥129.1 billion at March 31, 2008, a decrease of ¥0.4 billion from ¥129.5 billion at March 31, 2007.

 

Allocated allowance for country risk exposure

 

The allocated credit loss allowance for country risk exposure is based on an estimate of probable losses relating to the exposure to countries that we identify as having a high degree of transfer risk. The countries to which the allowance for country risk exposure are decided based on a country risk grading system used to assess and rate the transfer risk to individual countries. The allowance is generally determined based on a function of default probability and expected recovery ratios, taking external credit ratings into account.

 

The allocated allowance for country risk exposure was approximately ¥0.1 billion at March 31, 2007 and 2008.

 

Formula allowance for substandard, special mention and unclassified loans

 

The formula allowance is calculated by applying estimated loss factors to outstanding substandard, special mention and unclassified loans. In evaluating the inherent loss for these loans, we rely on a statistical analysis that incorporates a percentage of total loans based on historical loss experience.

 

The formula allowance increased ¥22.2 billion from 345.0 billion at March 31, 2007 to ¥367.2 billion at March 31, 2008. The main reason for this increase was downgrades of loans to some borrowers to substandard loans or special mention loans.

 

We have computed the formula allowance based on estimated credit losses using a methodology defined by the credit rating system. Estimated losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date are calculated by multiplying the default ratio by the nonrecoverable ratio (determined as a complement of the recovery ratio). The default ratio is determined by each credit risk rating, taking into account the historical number of defaults of borrowers within each credit risk rating divided by the total number of borrowers within that credit risk rating existing at the beginning of the three-year observation period. The recovery ratio is mainly determined by the historical experience of collections against loans in default. The default ratio, the recovery ratio and other indicators are continually reviewed and improved to compute the formula allowance and the allowance for off-balance-sheet instruments. In addition, an appropriate adjustment to the formula allowance and the allowance for off-balance-sheet instruments, considering the risk of losses from large obligors and other credit risks, is examined and made by analyzing the difference between the allowance computed by multiplying the default ratio by nonrecoverable ratio and the allowance calculated based on the loss experience ratio.

 

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UNBC, our largest overseas subsidiary, calculates the formula allowance by applying loss factors to outstanding loans and certain unused commitments, in each case based on the internal risk grade of such loans, leases and commitments. Changes in risk grades affect the amount of the formula allowance. Loss factors are based on their historical loss experience and may be adjusted for significant factors that, in management’s judgment, affect the collectibility of the portfolio as of the evaluation date. Loss factors are developed in the following ways:

 

   

loss factors for individually graded credits are derived from a migration model that tracks historical losses over a period, which we believe captures the inherent losses in our loan portfolio; and

 

   

pooled loan loss factors (not individually graded loans) are based on expected net charge-offs. Pooled loans are loans that are homogeneous in nature, such as consumer installment, home equity, residential mortgage loans and certain small commercial and commercial real estate loans.

 

Though there are a few technical differences in the methodology used for the formula allowance for credit losses as mentioned above, we examine overall sufficiency of the formula allowance periodically by back-test comparison with the actual loss experience subsequent to the balance sheet date.

 

Unallocated allowance

 

The unallocated allowance is based on management’s evaluation of conditions that are not directly reflected in the determination of the formula and specific allowances. The evaluation of the inherent loss with respect to these conditions is subject to a higher degree of uncertainty because they may not be identified with specific problem credits or portfolio segments. The conditions evaluated in connection with the unallocated allowance include the following, which were considered to exist at the balance sheet date:

 

   

general economic and business conditions affecting our key lending areas;

 

   

credit quality trends (including trends in nonperforming loans expected to result from existing conditions);

 

   

collateral values;

 

   

loan volumes and concentrations;

 

   

specific industry conditions within portfolio segments;

 

   

recent loss experience in particular segments of the portfolio;

 

   

duration of the current economic cycle;

 

   

bank regulatory examination results; and

 

   

findings of internal credit examination.

 

Executive management reviews these conditions quarterly in discussion with our senior credit officers. To the extent that any of these conditions is evidenced by a specifically identifiable problem credit or portfolio segment as of the evaluation date, management’s estimate of the effect of such condition may be reflected as a specific allowance, applicable to such credit or portfolio segment. Where any of these conditions is not evidenced by a specifically identifiable problem credit or portfolio segment as of the evaluation date, management’s evaluation of the probable loss related to such condition is reflected in the unallocated allowance.

 

The unallocated allowance increased ¥2.7 billion from ¥7.0 billion at March 31, 2007 to ¥9.7 billion at March 31, 2008. This increase resulted mainly from management’s negative outlook of economic and specific industry conditions.

 

Allowance for Off-balance-sheet Credit Instruments

 

In addition to the allowance for credit losses on the loan portfolio, we maintain an allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet credit instruments, including commitments of credit, guarantees and standby letters of

 

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credit. This allowance is included in other liabilities. With regard to the specific allocated allowance for specifically identified credit exposure and the allocated formula allowance, we apply the same methodology that we use in determining the allowance for loan credit losses. The allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet credit instruments was ¥94.0 billion at March 31, 2008, an increase of ¥17.4 billion from ¥76.6 billion at March 31, 2007. The increase in the allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet credit instruments was mainly due to the downgrade in the credit rating of certain overseas borrowers.

 

Investment Portfolio

 

Our investment securities are primarily comprised of marketable equity securities and Japanese government and Japanese government agency bonds, which are mostly classified as available-for-sale securities. We also hold Japanese government bonds which are classified as securities being held to maturity.

 

Historically, we have held equity securities of some of our customers for strategic purposes, in particular, to maintain long-term relationships with these customers. However, we have been reducing the aggregate value of our equity securities because we believe that from a risk management perspective reducing the price fluctuation risk in our equity portfolio is imperative. As of March 31, 2007 and 2008, the aggregate value of marketable equity securities under Japanese GAAP satisfies the requirements of the legislation prohibiting banks from holding equity securities in excess of their Tier I capital.

 

Investment securities decreased ¥7.55 trillion, from ¥42.26 trillion at March 31, 2007 to ¥34.71 trillion at March 31, 2008 due primarily to the sale of Japanese government bonds to take advantage of lower market interest rates and to a lesser extent due to the decrease in net unrealized gain in marketable equity securities relevant to the decline in the Japanese stock market.

 

The following table shows information as to the amortized costs and estimated fair values of our investment securities available for sale and being held to maturity at March 31, 2007 and 2008:

 

    At March 31,  
    2007     2008  
    Amortized
cost
  Estimated
fair value
  Net
unrealized
gains (losses)
    Amortized
cost
  Estimated
fair value
  Net
unrealized
gains (losses)
 
    (in billions)  

Securities available for sale:

           

Debt securities:

           

Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds

  ¥ 18,583.3   ¥ 18,615.4   ¥ 32.1     ¥ 13,453.5   ¥ 13,482.9   ¥ 29.4  

Japanese prefectural and municipal bonds

    228.9     230.5     1.6       192.7     197.7     5.0  

Foreign governments and official institutions bonds

    3,124.8     3,192.5     67.7       2,528.8     2,557.3     28.5  

Corporate bonds

    5,305.2     5,438.7     133.5       4,711.8     4,824.2     112.4  

Mortgage-backed securities

    2,614.6     2,677.1     62.5       3,366.2     3,365.1     (1.1 )

Asset-backed securities, excluding mortgage-backed securities

    2,503.7     2,560.4     56.7       2,932.2     2,839.0     (93.2 )

Other debt securities

    11.0     11.5     0.5       12.2     11.9     (0.3 )

Marketable equity securities

    3,683.6     6,864.0     3,180.4       3,475.3     5,098.8     1,623.5  
                                       

Total securities available for sale

  ¥ 36,055.1   ¥ 39,590.1   ¥ 3,535.0     ¥ 30,672.7   ¥ 32,376.9   ¥ 1,704.2  
                                       

Securities being held to maturity:

           

Debt securities, principally Japanese government bonds

  ¥ 2,106.9   ¥ 2,100.7   ¥ (6.2 )   ¥ 1,858.0   ¥ 1,860.6   ¥ 2.6  
                                       

 

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The estimated fair value of available-for-sale securities decreased ¥7.21 trillion from ¥39.59 trillion at March 31, 2007 to ¥32.38 trillion at March 31, 2008. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in our holdings of Japanese government bonds. As part of our asset-liability management operations, we decreased our Japanese government bond holdings, considering the interest rate market conditions and possible tightening of liquidity condition resulting from the effects of the market disruptions starting in the latter half of 2007.

 

Net unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities decreased ¥1.84 trillion from ¥3.54 trillion at March 31, 2007 to ¥1.70 trillion at March 31, 2008. This decrease consisted of a ¥1.56 trillion decrease in net unrealized gains on marketable equity securities and a ¥0.28 trillion decrease in net unrealized gains on debt securities. The decrease in net unrealized gains of ¥1.56 trillion on marketable equity securities was mainly due to the decrease in stock prices which negatively affected our holdings of Japanese equity securities. The decrease in net unrealized gains on debt securities was mainly due to the appreciation of the Japanese yen against the US dollar that negatively affected the yen value of our foreign mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities. The decline in market prices of asset-backed securitization products due to the deterioration in credit markets was also a factor resulting in our reporting net unrealized losses on mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities.

 

The amortized cost of securities being held to maturity decreased ¥0.25 trillion compared to the previous fiscal year. The decrease was mainly due to the redemption of Japanese government bonds.

 

Cash and Due from Banks

 

Cash and due from banks at March 31, 2008 was ¥3.55 trillion, an increase of ¥1.12 trillion from ¥2.43 trillion at March 31, 2007. The increase was primarily due to an increase in our deposit balance with the Bank of Japan, resulting from an increase in our total balance of time deposits.

 

Interest-earning Deposits in Other Banks

 

Interest-earning deposits in other banks fluctuate significantly from day to day depending upon financial market conditions. Interest-earning deposits in other banks at March 31, 2008 were ¥5.80 trillion, an increase of ¥0.28 trillion from ¥5.52 trillion at March 31, 2007. This increase primarily reflected an increase in released funds in Euro-yen markets.

 

Goodwill

 

Goodwill at March 31, 2008 was ¥0.97 trillion, a decrease of ¥0.80 trillion from ¥1.77 trillion at March 31, 2007. This decrease was mainly because goodwill impairment loss of ¥816.3 billion was recognized for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, compared to no impairment for the previous fiscal year. For further information, see “—A. Operating Results—Impairment of goodwill.”

 

Deferred Tax Assets

 

Deferred tax assets increased ¥0.35 trillion, from ¥0.51 trillion at March 31, 2007 to ¥0.86 trillion at March 31, 2008. This increase was primarily due to a decrease in deferred tax liabilities related to a decline in net unrealized gains on investment securities, which was partly offset by a decrease in deferred tax assets for utilized operating loss carryforwards and an additional valuation allowance related to operating loss carryforwards that were no longer deemed to be “ more likely than not” to be realized due to a decline in estimated future taxable income resulting from the downturn in financial and banking businesses caused by disruptions in the global financial markets.

 

Total Liabilities

 

At March 31, 2008, total liabilities were ¥145.41 trillion, an increase of ¥0.49 trillion from ¥144.92 trillion at March 31, 2007. This increase primarily reflected increases of ¥2.01 trillion in total deposits and ¥0.73 trillion

 

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in payables under repurchase agreements which offset decreases of ¥0.81 trillion in payables under securities lending transactions, ¥0.73 trillion in other short-term borrowings and ¥0.61 trillion in long-term debt.

 

The appreciation of the Japanese yen against the US dollar and other foreign currencies during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 decreased the Japanese yen amount of foreign currency-denominated liabilities by ¥8.71 trillion.

 

Deposits

 

Deposits are our primary source of funds. Total average balance of deposits increased ¥2.78 trillion from ¥110.71 trillion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 to ¥113.49 trillion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, reflecting an increase of ¥3.47 trillion in average foreign interest-bearing deposits and an increase of ¥1.77 trillion in average domestic interest-bearing deposits, partially offset by a decrease of ¥2.10 trillion in average domestic non-interest-bearing deposits and a decrease of ¥0.37 trillion in average foreign non-interest-bearing deposits.

 

Domestic deposits decreased ¥0.03 trillion from ¥96.57 trillion at March 31, 2007 to ¥96.54 trillion at March 31, 2008, while foreign deposits increased ¥2.05 trillion from ¥16.81 trillion at March 31, 2007 to ¥18.86 trillion at March 31, 2008. As for domestic deposits, the balance of non-interest bearing deposits decreased while interest-bearing deposits increased, partially in response to the rising short-term interest rates that made interest-bearing deposits more attractive. The increase in foreign interest-bearing deposits was mainly due to the fact that large deposits from foreign central banks and government sponsored investment corporations increased in response to the recent difficult market conditions.

 

Short-term Borrowings

 

We use short-term borrowings as a funding source and in our management of interest rate risk. For management of interest rate risk, short-term borrowings are used in asset-liability management operations to match interest rate risk exposure resulting from loans and other interest-earning assets and to manage funding costs of various financial instruments at an appropriate level, based on our forecast of future interest rate levels. Short-term borrowings consist of call money and funds purchased, payables under repurchase agreements, payables under securities lending transactions and other short-term borrowings.

 

Short-term borrowings decreased ¥1.08 trillion from ¥13.05 trillion at March 31, 2007 to ¥11.97 trillion at March 31, 2008. This decrease was primarily attributable to decreases of ¥0.81 trillion in payables under securities lending transactions, ¥0.74 trillion in other short-term borrowings and ¥0.26 trillion in call money and funds purchased, partially offset by an increase of ¥0.73 trillion in payables under repurchase agreements. We reduced our short-term borrowings in general to maintain liquidity in our money market operations.

 

Long-term Debt

 

Long-term debt at March 31, 2008 was ¥11.65 trillion, a decrease of ¥0.61 trillion from ¥12.26 trillion at March 31, 2007. This decrease was mainly due to a decrease of ¥0.29 trillion in the balance of certain straight bonds issued by us, a decrease of ¥0.20 trillion in the balance of subordinated bonds and borrowings payable in US dollars and a decrease of ¥0.17 trillion in obligation under loan securitization transaction accounted for as secured borrowings by our subsidiaries. For further information, see Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

Sources of Funding and Liquidity

 

Our primary source of liquidity is from a large balance of deposits, mainly ordinary deposits, certificates of deposit and time deposits. Time deposits have shown a historically high rollover rate among our corporate customers and individual depositors. As of March 31, 2008, our deposits of ¥115.40 trillion exceeded our loans, net of allowance for credit losses of ¥88.73 trillion, by ¥26.67 trillion. These deposits provide us with a sizable

 

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source of stable and low-cost funds. While approximately 47.0% of certificates of deposit and time deposits mature within three months, we continuously monitor relevant interest rate characteristics of these funds and utilize asset and liability management techniques to manage the possible impact of the rollovers on our net interest margin and liquidity. Our average deposits, combined with average shareholder’s equity, funded 78.2% of our average total assets of ¥155.53 trillion during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.

 

Most of the remaining funding was provided by short-term borrowings and long-term senior and subordinated debt. Short-term borrowings consist of call money and funds purchased, payables under repurchase agreements, payables under securities lending transactions and other short-term borrowings. From time to time, we have issued long-term instruments such as straight bonds with mainly three to five years’ maturity. Liquidity may also be provided by the sale of financial assets, including securities available for sale, trading account securities and loans. Additional liquidity may be provided by the maturity of loans.

 

Total Shareholder’s Equity

 

The following table presents a summary of our total shareholder’s equity at March 31, 2007 and 2008:

 

     At March 31,  
                 2007                             2008              
     (in billions, except percentages)  

Preferred stock

   ¥ 125.0     ¥ 125.0  

Common stock

     872.0       872.0  

Capital surplus

     5,851.1       5,884.0  

Retained earnings (Accumulated deficit)

     216.3       (710.8 )

Accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources, net of taxes

     1,850.4       725.4  

Loan receivable for constructive capital contribution from parent company

     (228.5 )     (228.5 )

Parent company’s stock, at cost

     (0.2 )     (1.4 )
                

Total shareholder’s equity

   ¥ 8,686.1     ¥ 6,665.7  
                

Ratio of total shareholder’s equity to total assets

     5.65 %     4.38 %

 

Total shareholder’s equity decreased ¥2,020.4 billion, from ¥8,686.1 billion at March 31, 2007 to ¥6,665.7 billion at March 31, 2008. The ratio of total shareholder’s equity to total assets also showed a decrease of 1.27 percentage points from 5.65% at March 31, 2007 to 4.38% at March 31, 2008. The decrease in total shareholder’s equity, and the resulting decrease in the ratio to total assets, at March 31, 2008 were principally attributable to a decrease of ¥1,125.0 billion in accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources, net of taxes, and an increase of ¥927.1 billion in accumulated deficit. The decrease in accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources, net of taxes, was mainly due to declines in the Japanese stock market, which resulted in a decrease in net unrealized gain on investment securities available for sale. The increase in accumulated deficit was mainly due to our recording a net loss for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.

 

Due to our holdings of a large amount of marketable Japanese equity securities and the volatility of the equity markets in Japan, changes in the fair value of marketable equity securities have significantly affected our shareholder’s equity. The following table presents information relating to the accumulated net unrealized gains, net of taxes, in respect of investment securities classified as available for sale at March 31, 2007 and 2008:

 

     At March 31,  
                 2007                             2008              
     (in billions, except percentages)  

Accumulated net unrealized gains on investment securities available for sale

   ¥ 1,861.4     ¥ 762.8  

Accumulated net unrealized gains to total shareholder’s equity

     21.43 %     11.44 %

 

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Capital Adequacy

 

We are subject to various regulatory capital requirements promulgated by the regulatory authorities of the countries in which we operate. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate mandatory actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

 

We continually monitor our risk-adjusted capital ratio closely and manage our operations in consideration of the capital ratio requirements. These ratios are affected not only by fluctuations in the value of our assets, including our credit risk assets such as loans and equity securities, the risk weights of which depend on the borrowers’ or issuers’ internal ratings, marketable securities and deferred tax assets, but also by fluctuations in the value of the Japanese yen against the US dollar and other foreign currencies and by general price levels of Japanese equity securities.

 

Capital Requirements for Banking Institutions in Japan

 

A Japanese banking institution is subject to the minimum capital adequacy requirements both on a consolidated basis and a stand-alone basis, and is required to maintain the minimum capital irrespective of whether it operates independently or as a subsidiary under the control of another company. Under the Financial Services Agency’s guidelines, capital is classified into three tiers, referred to as Tier I, Tier II and Tier III capital. Our Tier I capital generally consists of shareholder’s equity items, including common stock, non-cumulative preferred stock, capital surplus, minority interests and retained earnings (which includes deferred tax assets), but recorded goodwill and other items, such as treasury stock, are deducted from Tier I capital. Our Tier II capital generally consists of the amount (up to a maximum of 0.6% of credit risk-weighted assets) by which eligible reserves for credit losses exceeds expected losses in the Internal Ratings Based approach, or the IRB approach, and general reserves for credit losses, subject to a limit of 1.25% of modified risk-weighted assets determined by the partial use of the Standardized Approach (including a phased rollout of the IRB approach), 45% of the unrealized gains on investment securities classified as “other securities,” 45% of the land revaluation excess, the balance of perpetual subordinated debt and the balance of subordinated term debt with an original maturity of over five years subject to certain limitations, up to 50% of Tier I capital. Our Tier III capital consists of short-term subordinated debt with an original maturity of at least two years, subject to certain limitations. At least 50% of the minimum capital requirements must be maintained in the form of Tier I capital.

 

The eligible regulatory capital set forth in the Financial Services Agency’s guidelines discussed above were modified as of March 31, 2007 to reflect the “International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: A Revised Framework,” often referred to as “Basel II.”

 

As of March 31, 2007 and 2008, we have calculated our risk-weighted assets in accordance with Basel II. In determining capital ratios under Basel II, we adopted the Foundation Internal Ratings Based approach, or the FIRB approach, to reflect the credit risk in the risk-weighted assets. Under the FIRB approach, we generally take into account probability of default, or PD, applicable to borrower rating and PD, loss given default and exposure at default applicable to pool assignment. Market risk is reflected in the risk-weighted assets by applying the Internal Models Approach to calculate general market risk and the Standardized Methodology to calculate specific risk. Under the Internal Models Approach, we principally use a historical simulation model to calculate value-at-risk amounts by estimating the profit and loss on our portfolio by applying actual fluctuations in the market rates and prices over a fixed period in the past. Under Basel II, we newly reflected operational risk in the risk-weighted assets by applying the Standardized Approach. Specifically, operational risk capital charge is determined based on the amount of gross profit allocated to business lines multiplied by a factor ranging from 12% to 18%.

 

For additional discussion of the calculation of our capital ratios under Basel II, see Note 21 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

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Under the Japanese regulatory capital requirements, our consolidated capital components, including Tier I, Tier II and Tier III capital, and risk-weighted assets, are calculated from our consolidated financial statements prepared under Japanese GAAP.

 

For a detailed discussion of the capital adequacy guidelines adopted by the Financial Services Agency and proposed amendments, see “Item 4.B. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Supervision and Regulation—Japan—Capital Adequacy.”

 

Capital Requirements for Banking Institutions in the United States

 

In the United States, UNBC and its banking subsidiary, Union Bank of California, N.A., or UBOC, our largest subsidiaries operating outside Japan, are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by US Federal banking agencies, including minimum capital requirements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, they must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under US regulatory accounting practices. Their capital amounts and prompt corrective action classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

 

For a detailed discussion of the capital adequacy guidelines applicable to our US banking subsidiaries, see “Item 4.B. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Supervision and Regulation—United States—Bank Capital Requirements and Capital Distributions.”

 

Our Capital Ratios

 

The table below presents our consolidated total capital, risk-weighted assets and risk-adjusted capital ratios at March 31, 2007 and 2008 (underlying figures are calculated in accordance with Japanese banking regulations based on information derived from our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with Japanese GAAP, as required by the Financial Services Agency. The percentages in the tables below are rounded down).

 

The consolidated total capital, risk-weighted assets and risk-adjusted capital ratios at March 31, 2007 have been restated. For further information, see Note 21 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

     At March 31,     Minimum capital
ratios required
 
         2007 (Restated)             2008        
     (in billions, except percentages)        

Capital components:

      

Tier I capital

   ¥ 6,975.6     ¥ 7,037.6    

Tier II capital (qualifying capital)

     4,940.6       3,917.6    

Tier III capital (qualifying capital)

     —         —      

Deductions from total qualifying capital

     314.2       344.1    
                  

Total capital

   ¥ 11,602.0     ¥ 10,611.1    
                  

Risk-weighted assets

   ¥ 90,804.1     ¥ 94,686.9    

Capital ratios:

      

Tier I capital

     7.68 %     7.43 %   4.00 %

Total risk-adjusted capital

     12.77       11.20     8.00  

 

Our Tier I capital ratio and total risk-adjusted capital ratio at March 31, 2008 were 7.43% and 11.20%, respectively. The decrease in total risk-adjusted capital ratio was mainly due to a decrease in Tier II capital resulting from the decrease in the amount of unrealized gains on investment securities and an increase in risk-weighted assets for credit risk.

 

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Capital Ratios of Our Banking Subsidiaries in the United States

 

The table below presents the risk-adjusted capital ratios of UNBC and UBOC at December 31, 2006 and 2007:

 

     At December 31,     Minimum capital
ratios required
    Ratios OCC
requires to be
“well-capitalized”
 
         2006             2007          

UNBC:

        

Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets)

   8.68 %   8.30 %   4.00 %   —    

Tier I capital (to quarterly average assets)(1)

   8.44     8.27     4.00     —    

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)

   11.71     11.21     8.00     —    

UBOC:

        

Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets)

   8.46 %   8.20 %   4.00 %   6.00 %

Tier I capital (to quarterly average assets)(1)

   8.25     8.20     4.00     5.00  

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)

   10.69     10.38     8.00     10.00  

 

Note:

(1)   Excludes certain intangible assets.

 

Management believes that, as of December 31, 2007 and June 30, 2008, UNBC and UBOC met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

 

As of December 31, 2007, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency categorized UBOC as “well-capitalized.” To be categorized as “well capitalized,” UBOC must maintain minimum ratios of Total and Tier I capital to risk-weighted assets and of Tier I capital to quarterly average assets (the Leverage ratio) as set forth in the table. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed UBOC’s category.

 

Non-exchange Traded Contracts Accounted for at Fair Value

 

The use of non-exchange traded or over-the-counter contracts provides us with the ability to adapt to the varied requirements of a wide customer base while mitigating market risks. Non-exchange traded contracts are accounted for at fair value, which is generally based on pricing models or quoted market prices for instruments with similar characteristics. Gains or losses on non-exchange traded contracts are included in “Trading account profits—net” in our consolidated statements of operations. The following table summarizes the changes in fair value of non-exchange traded contracts for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008:

 

     Fiscal years ended March 31,
             2007                     2008        
     (in millions)

Net fair value of contracts outstanding at beginning of fiscal year

   ¥ 980     ¥ 3,359

Changes attributable to contracts realized or otherwise settled during the fiscal year

     2       —  

Fair value of new contracts when entered into during the fiscal year

     2,694       621

Other changes in fair value, principally revaluation at end of fiscal year

     (317 )     4,525
              

Net fair value of contracts outstanding at end of fiscal year

   ¥ 3,359     ¥ 8,505
              

 

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, the fair value of non-exchange traded contracts increased primarily due to a widening of the credit spread that composed our credit default options for the purpose of hedging our credit risks of the loan portfolio.

 

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The following table summarizes the maturities of non-exchange traded contracts at March 31, 2008:

 

     Net fair value of contracts—unrealized gains
     Prices actively quoted    Prices based on models and
other valuation methods
     (in millions)

Maturity after 1 year through 3 years

   ¥ —      ¥ 2,121

Maturity after 3 years through 5 years

     —        6,384
             

Total fair value

   ¥ —      ¥ 8,505
             

 

C.    Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

 

Not applicable.

 

D.    Trend Information

 

See the discussions in “—A. Operating Results” and “—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

 

E.    Off-balance-sheet Arrangements

 

In the normal course of our business, we engage in several types of off-balance-sheet arrangements to meet the financing needs of our customers, including various types of guarantees, commitments to extend credit and commercial letters of credit. The following table summarizes these commitments at March 31, 2008:

 

     Amount of commitment by expiration period
     1 year
or less
   1-5
years
   Over
5 years
   Total
     (in billions)

Guarantees:

           

Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees

   ¥ 2,269    ¥ 1,524    ¥ 1,422    ¥ 5,215

Performance guarantees

     1,450      703      137      2,290

Derivative instruments

     19,771      17,792      2,539      40,102

Other

     720      —        —        720
                           

Total guarantees

     24,210      20,019      4,098      48,327
                           

Other off-balance-sheet instruments:

           

Commitments to extend credit

     38,574      16,125      1,359      56,058

Commercial letters of credit

     752      9      1      762

Commitments to make investments

     38      13      54      105

Other

     4      —        —        4
                           

Total other off-balance-sheet instruments

     39,368      16,147      1,414      56,929
                           

Total

   ¥ 63,578    ¥ 36,166    ¥ 5,512    ¥ 105,256
                           

 

See Note 24 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for a description of the nature of our guarantees and other off-balance-sheet instruments.

 

The contractual amounts of these guarantees and other off-balance-sheet instruments represent the amounts at risk should the contracts be fully drawn upon with a subsequent default by our customer and a decline in the value of the underlying collateral. Because many of these commitments expire without being drawn upon, the total contractual or notional amounts of these commitments do not necessarily represent our future cash requirements. At March 31, 2008, approximately 61% of these commitments will expire within one year, 34% from one year to five years and 5% after five years. Such risks are monitored and managed as a part of our risk

 

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management system as set forth in “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk.” In addition, in accordance with SFAS No. 5, we evaluate off-balance-sheet arrangement in the manner described in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

In the aggregate, the income generated from fees and commissions is one of our most important sources of revenue. Such income amounted to ¥803.8 billion during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, accounting for approximately 66% of our non-interest income which amounted to ¥1,213.6 billion for the fiscal year. However, the fees generated specifically from off-balance-sheet arrangements are not a dominant source of our fees and commissions.

 

Some of our off-balance-sheet arrangements are related to activities of special purpose entities, most of which are VIEs.

 

The following table presents, by type of VIE, the total assets of non-consolidated VIEs and the maximum exposures to non-consolidated VIEs at March 31, 2007 and 2008. The total assets of non-consolidated VIEs and the maximum exposure to non-consolidated VIEs at March 31, 2007 have been restated. For further information, see Note 25 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

     2007    2008

Non-Consolidated VIEs

   Assets
(Restated)
   Maximum
exposure
(Restated)
   Assets    Maximum
exposure
     (in billions)

Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

   ¥ 10,988.4    ¥ 1,991.8    ¥ 11,044.7    ¥ 1,781.2

Securitization conduits of client properties

     2,009.6      476.7      2,354.3      606.1

Investment funds

     33,599.8      1,136.7      43,124.6      950.2

Special purpose entities created for structured financing

     26,111.8      2,066.4      25,553.6      2,607.4

Repackaged instruments

     97,449.9      2,681.8      97,932.1      3,517.7

Others

     14,752.7      1,544.7      15,493.3      1,557.6
                           

Total

   ¥ 184,912.2    ¥ 9,898.1    ¥ 195,502.6    ¥ 11,020.2
                           

 

Off-balance-sheet arrangements include the following types of special purpose entities:

 

Asset-backed Commercial Paper Conduits

 

We administer several multi-seller finance entities (primarily commercial paper conduits) that purchase financial assets, primarily pools of receivables, from third-party customers. The assets purchased by these conduits are generally funded by issuing commercial paper to and/or by borrowings from us or third parties. While customers basically continue to provide servicing for the transferred trade receivables, we underwrite, distribute, make a market in commercial paper issued by the conduits, and also provide liquidity and credit support facilities to the entities.

 

Securitization Conduits of Client Properties

 

We are involved with several conduits that acquire assets, such as real estate, from third-party customers (“property sellers”) with the property sellers continuing to use the acquired real estate through lease-back agreements. The equity of the conduits is provided by the property sellers but such equity holders have no ability to make decisions about the activities of the conduits. Thus, we consider those conduits to be VIEs. The assets acquired by these conduits are generally funded by borrowings from us or third parties.

 

Investment Funds

 

We hold investments and loans in various investment funds that collectively invest in equity and debt securities including listed Japanese securities and investment grade bonds, and, to a limited extent, securities and

 

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other interests issued by companies, including in a start-up or restructuring stage. Such investment funds are managed by investment advisory companies or fund management companies that make investment decisions and administer the funds.

 

We occasionally sell assets such as nonperforming loans to these funds, in particular the Corporate Recovery Fund, when we believe that such sale may improve our asset quality.

 

Corporate Recovery Fund.    We have non-controlling equity interests in corporate recovery funds whose principal business purpose is to generate profits by investing in companies in the process of restructuring and then, typically, to sell these investments after the companies complete their restructurings. Such funds purchase nonperforming loans from us or others and in some cases acquire majority ownership in the borrower companies by means of a debt-for-equity swap. Our non-voting interests in these funds amounted to ¥20.3 billion at March 31, 2007 and ¥45.2 billion at March 31, 2008, respectively. In addition, at March 31, 2008, we had commitments to make additional contributions up to ¥8.1 billion to these funds.

 

We sold to corporate recovery funds nonperforming loans with an aggregate net book value of ¥1.7 billion for ¥0.3 billion during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. For a detailed discussion on additional provisions for credit losses associated with the sale of such loans, see “—B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financial Condition—Allowance for Credit Losses, Nonperforming and Past Due Loans.”

 

Venture Capital Fund.    We own non-controlling equity interests in investment funds managed by fund management companies who have discretionary investment powers. These funds seek to invest in start-up companies or companies that are rapidly developing. We made contributions to these funds amounting to ¥459.7 billion at March 31, 2008. At March 31, 2008, in accordance with the applicable limited partnership agreements, we had commitments to make additional contributions up to ¥81.3 billion when required by the fund management companies.

 

Investment Trust.    We purchase the share units of investment trusts as mid-to long-term investments. These investment trusts are managed by investment advisory companies with the objective of investing in a diversified portfolio consisting of equity and debt securities, primarily shares of Japanese public companies.

 

Generally, we are not obligated to invest in or extend funds by purchasing additional share units and our off-balance-sheet exposures or commitments relating to this type of special purpose entity were not material.

 

Special Purpose Entities Created for Structured Financing

 

We extend non-recourse asset-backed loans to special purpose entities, which hold beneficial interests primarily in real properties, to provide financing for special purpose projects including real estate development and natural resource development managed by third parties.

 

We generally act as a member of a lending group and do not have any equity investment in the entities, which is typically provided by project owners. For most of these financings, the equity provided by the project owners is of sufficient level to absorb expected losses, while expected residual returns to the owners are arranged to be the most significant among all returns. Accordingly, we have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of most of these entities. However, in transactions with entities whose investments at risk are exceptionally thin, where we provide most of the financing, we are ultimately required to consolidate this type of entity.

 

Repackaged Instruments

 

We have two types of relationships with special purpose entities that repackage financial instruments to create new financial instruments.

 

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We provide repackaged instruments with features that meet the customers’ needs and preferences through special purpose entities. We purchase financial instruments such as bonds and transfer them to special purpose entities which then issue new instruments. The special purpose entities may enter into derivative transactions including interest rate and currency swaps with us or other financial institutions to modify the cash flows of the underlying financial instruments. We underwrite and market the new instruments issued by the special purpose entities to our customers.

 

We also invest in repackaged instruments arranged and issued by third parties.

 

Other Types of VIEs

 

We are also a party to other types of VIEs including special purpose entities created to hold assets on our behalf as an intermediary.

 

We identified borrowers that were determined to be VIEs due to an insufficient level of equity. We have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of most of these borrowers because of our limited exposure as a lender to such borrowers. Such borrowers engage in diverse business activities of various sizes in industries such as manufacturing, distribution, construction and real estate development, independently from us.

 

F.    Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

 

In the normal course of our business, we enter into contractual agreements whereby we commit to future purchases of products or services from unaffiliated parties. The following table shows a summary of our contractual obligations at March 31, 2008:

 

     Payments due by period
     Less than
1 year
   1-3
years
   3-5
years
   Over
5 years
   Total
     (in billions)

Contractual obligations:

              

Time deposit obligations

   ¥ 42,917    ¥ 4,809    ¥ 920    ¥ 102    ¥ 48,748

Long-term debt obligations

     1,866      2,996      1,909      4,744      11,515

Capital lease obligations

     72      46      13      5      136

Operating lease obligations

     30      39      20      30      119

Purchase obligations

     5      2      6      62      75
                                  

Total(1)(2)

   ¥ 44,890    ¥ 7,892    ¥ 2,868    ¥ 4,943    ¥ 60,593
                                  

 

Notes:

(1)   The total amount of expected future pension payments is not included in the above table or the total amount of commitments outstanding at March 31, 2008 as such amount is not currently determinable. We expect to contribute approximately ¥43.7 billion to the plan assets for the pension benefits and other benefits for our employees for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2009. For further information, see Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
(2)   The above table does not include unrecognized tax benefits and interest and penalties related to income tax associated with FIN No. 48. For further information, see Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

Purchase obligations include any legally binding contractual obligations that require us to spend more than ¥100 million annually under the contract. Purchase obligations in the table primarily include commitments to make investments into corporate recovery or private equity investment funds.

 

G.    Safe Harbor

 

See the discussion under “Forward-Looking Statements.”

 

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Table of Contents
Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees

 

A.    Directors and Senior Management

 

The following table sets forth the members of our board of directors as of July 31, 2008, together with their respective dates of birth and positions. The terms of office of all directors will expire at the close of the ordinary general meeting of shareholders to be held in 2009.

 

Name

(Date of Birth)

  

Positions at BTMU

  

Business activities performed inside and outside

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ

Nobuo Kuroyanagi

(December 18, 1941)

  

Chairman

(Representative

Director)

  

April 1965

June 1992

April 1996

June 1996

June 2001

June 2002

June 2004

October 2005

January 2006

April 2008

  

Joined Mitsubishi Bank

Director of Mitsubishi Bank

Director of BTM

Managing Director of BTM

Managing Executive Officer of BTM

Deputy President of BTM

President of BTM

President and CEO of MUFG (current)

President of BTMU

Chairman of BTMU (current)

Director of Isetan Mitsukoshi Holdings Ltd. (current)

Takamune Okihara

(July 11, 1951)

  

Deputy Chairman

(Representative

Director)

  

April 1974

March 2001

January 2002

May 2003

May 2004

January 2006

April 2008

  

Joined Sanwa Bank

Executive Officer of Sanwa Bank

Executive Officer of UFJ Bank

Senior Executive Officer of UFJ Bank

President and CEO of UFJ Bank

Deputy President of BTMU

Deputy Chairman and in charge of the Internal Audit & Credit Examination Division of BTMU (current)

Katsunori Nagayasu

(April 6, 1947)

  

President

(Representative

Director)

  

May 1970

June 1997

June 2000

October 2001

June 2002

January 2005

May 2005

January 2006

April 2008

  

Joined Mitsubishi Bank

Director of BTM

Managing Director of Nippon Trust Bank

Managing Director of Mitsubishi Trust and Banking Corporation

Managing Director of BTM

Senior Managing Director of BTM

Deputy President of BTM

Deputy President of BTMU

President in charge of the Business & Systems Integration Division of BTMU (current)

Director of MUFG (current)

Ryuichi Murata

(April 12, 1948)

  

Deputy President

(Representative

Director)

  

April 1971

June 1998

June 2001

May 2002

June 2003

January 2006

May 2006

May 2007

  

Joined Mitsubishi Bank

Director of BTM

Executive Officer of BTM

Managing Executive Officer of BTM

Managing Director of BTM

Senior Managing Director of BTMU

Deputy President of BTMU

Deputy President in charge of Western Region of Japan of BTMU (current)

 

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Table of Contents

Name

(Date of Birth)

  

Positions at BTMU

  

Business activities performed inside and outside

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ

Kazuo Sassa

(April 7, 1947)

  

Deputy President

(Representative

Director)

  

April 1970

June 1998

April 2000

June 2000

January 2002

May 2004

January 2006

May 2007

  

Joined Tokai Bank

Executive Officer of Tokai Bank

Managing Executive Officer of Tokai Bank

Managing Director of Tokai Bank

Senior Executive Officer of UFJ Bank

Director and Senior Executive Officer of UFJ Bank

Senior Managing Director of BTMU

Deputy President in charge of Central Region of Japan of BTMU (current)

Takao Kawanishi

(November 23, 1948)

  

Deputy President

(Representative

Director)

  

April 1972

June 1999

April 2001

January 2002

May 2003

May 2004

January 2006

October 2007

April 2008

  

Joined Sanwa Bank

Executive Officer of Sanwa Bank

Executive Officer of UFJ Holdings

Managing Executive Officer of UFJ Bank

Senior Executive Officer of UFJ Bank

Director and Senior Executive Officer of UFJ Bank

Managing Director of BTMU

Senior Managing Director of BTMU

Deputy President and Chief Executive of the Corporate Banking Business Unit of BTMU (current)

Managing Officer and Group Head, Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group of MUFG (current)

Tatsuo Tanaka

(September 19,1949)

  

Deputy President

(Representative

Director)

  

April 1973

June 2001

May 2004

January 2006

April 2008

  

Joined Bank of Tokyo

Executive Officer of BTM

Managing Executive Officer of BTM

Managing Executive Officer of BTMU

Senior Managing Executive Officer of BTMU

Managing Officer and Deputy Group Head, Integrated Corporate Banking Business Group of MUFG (current)

      June 2008   

Deputy President and Chief Executive of the Global Business Unit of BTMU (current)

Ryusaburo Harasawa

(January 30, 1951)

  

Managing Director

(Representative

Director)

  

April 1974

June 2001

May 2005

June 2005

January 2006

  

Joined Mitsubishi Bank

Executive Officer of BTM

Managing Executive Officer of BTM

Managing Director of BTM

Managing Director in charge of the eBusiness and IT Initiatives Division, and Chief Executive, Operations and Systems Unit of BTMU (current)

      April 2006   

Managing Officer in charge of the Operations & Systems Planning Division of MUFG (current)

 

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Table of Contents

Name

(Date of Birth)

  

Positions at BTMU

  

Business activities performed inside and outside

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ

Nobuyuki Hirano

(October 23, 1951)

  

Managing Director

(Representative

Director)

  

April 1974

June 2001

May 2005

June 2005

October 2005

January 2006

April 2007

  

Joined Mitsubishi Bank

Executive Officer of BTM

Managing Executive Officer of BTM

Managing Director of BTM

Director of MUFG (current)

Managing Director of BTMU

Managing Director in charge of the Corporate Administration Division, the Corporate Planning Division, the Public Relations Division and the Customer Satisfaction Planning Division of BTMU (current)

Takashi Hara

(August 24, 1951)

  

Managing Director

(Representative

Director)

  

April 1975

January 2002

May 2005

January 2006

June 2008

  

Joined Sanwa Bank

Executive Officer of UFJ Bank

Managing Executive Officer of UFJ Bank

Managing Executive Officer of BTMU

Managing Director in charge of the Human Resources Division of BTMU (current)

Junichi Itoh

(November 26, 1950)

  

Managing Director

(Representative

Director)

  

April 1975

June 2002

May 2005

June 2005

January 2006

April 2007

May 2007

  

Joined Mitsubishi Bank

Executive Officer of BTM

Managing Executive Officer of BTM

Managing Director of BTM

Managing Director of BTMU

Managing Director and Chief Compliance Officer of BTMU (current)

Managing Officer and Deputy Chief Compliance Officer of MUFG (current)

Takashi Nagaoka

(March 3, 1954)

  

Managing Director

(Representative

Director)

  

April 1976

June 2003

January 2006

May 2006

April 2008

  

Joined Mitsubishi Bank

Executive Officer of BTM

Executive Officer of BTMU

Managing Executive Officer of BTMU

Managing Executive Officer and Group Head, Integrated Retail Banking Business Group of MUFG (current)

     

June 2008

  

Managing Director and Chief Executive, Retail Banking Business Unit of BTMU (current)

Takeshi Ogasawara

(August 1,1953)

  

Managing Director

(Representative

Director)

  

April 1977

May 2004

January 2006

May 2007

June 2008

  

Joined Tokai Bank

Director and Executive Officer of UFJ Bank

Executive Officer of BTMU

Managing Executive Officer of BTMU

Managing Director in charge of the Corporate Risk Management Division, the Information Security Management Division and the Credit Policy & Planning Division (current)

 

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Table of Contents

Name

(Date of Birth)

  

Positions at BTMU

  

Business activities performed inside and outside

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ

Hitoshi Suzuki

(January 8, 1954)

  

Managing Director

(Representative

Director)

  

April 1977

June 2005

January 2006

April 2008

June 2008

  

Joined Mitsubishi Bank

Executive Officer of BTM

Executive Officer of BTMU

Managing Executive Officer of BTMU

Managing Director and Chief Executive, the Global Markets Unit of BTMU (current)

Hiroshi Saito

(July 13, 1951)

  

Director

(Outside Director)

  

April 1974

June 2002

October 2005

June 2006

June 2007

  

Joined Mitsubishi Trust and Banking Corporation

Executive officer of Mitsubishi Trust and Banking Corporation

Executive officer of MUTB

Managing Director of MUTB

Director of BTMU (current)

Senior Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer of MUFG (current)

Kunio Ishihara

(October 17, 1943)

  

Director

(Outside Director)

  

April 1966

June 1995

  

Joined The Tokio Marine and Fire Insurance Company Limited

Director of The Tokio Marine and Fire Insurance Company Limited

     

June 1998

  

Managing Director of The Tokio Marine and Fire Insurance Company Limited

     

June 2000

  

Senior Managing Director of The Tokio Marine and Fire Insurance Company Limited

     

June 2001

  

President of The Tokio Marine and Fire Insurance Company Limited

     

April 2002

  

President of Millea Holdings, Inc.

     

October 2004

  

President of Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.

     

January 2006

  

Director of BTMU (current)

     

June 2007

  

Chairman of the Board of Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd. (current)

        

Chairman of the Board of Millea Holdings, Inc.

     

July 2008

  

Chairman of the Board of Tokio Marine Holdings, Inc. (formerly Millea Holdings, Inc.) (current)

Teruo Ozaki

(December 29, 1944)

  

Director

(Outside Director)

  

November 1974

January 2002

October 2003

March 2004

  

Registered as a certified public accountant

Deputy Managing Partner of Asahi & Co.

Managing Partner of Teruo Ozaki & Co. (current)

Corporate Auditor of Kirin Holdings Company, Limited (current)

     

June 2004

  

Corporate Auditor of Tokai Rubber Industries, Ltd. (current)

     

August 2004

  

CEO, President of Andersen Business Associates Inc. (current)

     

October 2004

  

Director of UFJ Bank

     

June 2005

  

Director of Daikyo Incorporated (current)

     

January 2006

  

Director of BTMU

     

June 2006

  

Director of Orix Corporation (current)

 

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The following table sets forth our corporate auditors as of July 31, 2008, together with their respective dates of birth and positions.

 

Name

(Date of Birth)

  

Positions at BTMU

  

Business activities performed inside and outside

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ

hTatsunori Imagawa

(October 15, 1943)

  

Corporate Auditor

(full-time)

  

April 1966

June 1993

April 1996

May 1997

June 2002

May 2003

April 2004

October 2005

June 2006

April 2007

  

Joined Mitsubishi Bank

Director of Mitsubishi Bank

Director of BTM

Managing Director of BTM

Senior Managing Director of BTM

Senior Managing Director of MTFG

Deputy President of MTFG

Deputy President of MUFG

Corporate Auditor of BTMU (current)

Corporate Auditor of Mitsubishi UFJ Lease & Finance Company Limited (current)

†Tadashi Yanagisawa

(June 10, 1946)

  

Corporate Auditor

(full-time)

  

April 1972

June 1999

June 2001

May 2003

January 2006

  

Joined Bank of Tokyo

Director of BTM

Executive Officer of BTM

Managing Executive Officer of BTM

Corporate Auditor of BTMU (current)

hAkira Enomoto

(June 1, 1953)

  

Corporate Auditor

(full-time)

  

April 1977

September 2004

January 2006

June 2006

  

Joined Tokai Bank

Executive Officer of UFJ Bank

Executive Officer of BTMU

Corporate Auditor of BTMU (current)

‡ Hiroshi Sato

(January 2, 1958)

  

Corporate Auditor

(full-time)

  

April 1980

June 2007

June 2008

  

Joined Mitsubishi Bank

Executive Officer of BTMU

Corporate Auditor of BTMU (current)

‡ Tsutomu Takasuka

(February 11, 1942)

  

Corporate Auditor

(full-time)

  

April 1967

April 2004

October 2004

June 2005

October 2005

January 2006

  

Registered as a certified public accountant

Professor at Bunkyo Gakuin University (current)

Corporate Auditor of BTM

Corporate Auditor of MTFG

Corporate Auditor of MUFG (current)

Corporate Auditor of BTMU (current)

† Kotaro Muneoka

(October 30, 1940)

  

Corporate Auditor

  

April 1964

June 1997

April 1999

April 2001

June 2001

June 2003

June 2005

January 2006

  

Joined Hitachi, Ltd.

Board Director of Hitachi, Ltd.

Senior Managing Director of Hitachi, Ltd.

Board Director of Hitachi, Ltd.

Corporate Auditor of Hitachi, Ltd.

Board Director Member of Audit Committee of Hitachi, Ltd.

Director of Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation (current)

Corporate Auditor of BTMU (current)

     

June 2007

  

Chairman of Hitachi Software Engineering Co., Ltd. (current)

Advisor of Hitachi, Ltd. (current)

 

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Name

(Date of Birth)

  

Positions at BTMU

 

Business activities performed inside and outside

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ

†Yoshiharu Hayakawa

(February 23, 1948)

  

Corporate Auditor

 

August 1973

November 1997

June 2000

September 2005

January 2006

June 2007

December 2007

 

Registered as a certified public accountant

Representative of Kasumi Empowerment Research Institute

Corporate Auditor of Key Coffee Inc. (current)

Corporate Auditor of UFJ Bank

Corporate Auditor of BTMU (current)

Director of Mitsui Fudosan Co., Ltd. (current)

Director of Pasona Group Inc. (current)

‡Tetsuya Nakagawa

(September 24, 1951)

  

Corporate Auditor

 

April 1977

April 2004

 

Registered as an attorney-at-law

Professor at the Law School of Kokugakuin University (current)

    

June 2004

 

Corporate Auditor of BTM

    

January 2006

 

Corporate Auditor of BTMU (current)

 

 

  Term expires at the close of the ordinary general meeting of shareholders to be held in 2009.

 

h   Term expires at the close of the ordinary general meeting of shareholders to be held in 2010.

 

  Term expires at the close of the ordinary general meeting of shareholders to be held in 2012.

 

B.    Compensation

 

The aggregate amount of remuneration, including bonuses but excluding retirement allowances, paid by BTMU and our subsidiaries during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 to our directors and corporate auditors was ¥848 million and ¥186 million, respectively.

 

Prior to June 27, 2008, in accordance with customary Japanese practice, when a director or corporate auditor retired, a proposal to pay a retirement allowance was submitted at the shareholder’s general meeting for approval. The retirement allowance consisted of a one-time payment of a portion of the allowance paid at the time of retirement and periodic payments of the remaining amount for a prescribed number of years. After the shareholder’s approval was obtained, the retirement allowance for a director or corporate auditor was fixed by the board of directors or by consultation among the corporate auditors in accordance with our internal regulations and practice and generally reflected the position of the director or corporate auditor at the time of retirement, the length of his service as a director or corporate auditor and his contribution to our performance. BTMU did not set aside reserves for any retirement payments for directors and corporate auditors. The aggregate amount of allowance paid by BTMU and its subsidiaries during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 to our directors and corporate auditors who have retired from their respective positions held at BTMU, or if such directors and corporate auditors concurrently held positions at BTMU’s subsidiaries, who have retired from such positions, was ¥615 million.

 

BTMU has elected to discontinue its practice of paying a retirement allowance to its directors and corporate auditors as of June 27, 2007. BTMU, however, obtained a one-time shareholder’s approval on June 27, 2007 for the incumbent directors and corporate auditors (except for those newly elected at the shareholder’s meeting on June 27, 2007) to be paid a lump sum retirement allowance up to an aggregate amount of ¥2.5 billion in the future at the time of their retirement. Of this amount, ¥2,328 million remain to be paid. BTMU set aside a reserve in the same amount for such retirement allowances. BTMU also continues to pay retirement allowances to its directors and corporate auditors who retired prior to the discontinuation of the practice of paying retirement allowances for the prescribed number of years under its prior practice.

 

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As part of our compensation structure, a stock-based compensation plan that includes our directors and corporate auditors was approved on June 27, 2007. On November 21, 2007, the board of directors adopted a plan entitled “First Series of Stock Acquisition Rights of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.” that includes our directors, corporate auditors and certain of our officers. Under the stock-based compensation plan, on December 6, 2007, an aggregate of 4,136 stock acquisition rights were allotted to our directors and an aggregate of 741 stock acquisition rights were allotted to our corporate auditors for their respective services to BTMU and its subsidiaries. Each stock acquisition right represents a right to purchase 100 shares of MUFG common stock at ¥1 per common share. The stock acquisition rights were subject to a one-year vesting period. The rights are exercisable until December 5, 2037, but only after the date on which a grantee’s service to BTMU terminates. The fair value of each stock acquisition right was ¥103,200.

 

As part of our compensation structure, on June 26, 2008, the board of directors adopted another stock-based compensation plan entitled “Second Series of Stock Acquisition Rights of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.” that includes our directors, corporate auditors and certain of our officers. Under the stock-based compensation plan, on July 15, 2008, an aggregate of 4,061 stock acquisition rights were allotted to our directors and an aggregate of 818 stock acquisition rights were allotted to our corporate auditors for their respective services to BTMU and its subsidiaries. Each stock acquisition right represents a right to purchase 100 shares of MUFG common stock at ¥1 per common share. The stock acquisition rights are subject to a one-year vesting period. The rights are exercisable until July 14, 2038, but only after the date on which a grantee’s service to BTMU terminates. The fair value of each stock option was ¥92,300.

 

Additionally BTMU obtained shareholder approval for a bonus plan for our directors on June 26, 2008. Within one year of the shareholder approval BTMU may pay up to an aggregate of ¥350 million in cash to our directors other than the outside directors. The specific amount of the bonus and other details of the program have not yet been determined but will be determined by taking into consideration BTMU’s performance, each director’s contribution to BTMU’s performance, and other factors.

 

C.    Board Practices

 

Our Articles of Incorporation provide that the number of directors shall not exceed 20 and that the number of corporate auditors shall not exceed eight. Our shareholders elect directors usually at our ordinary general meeting of shareholders for one-year terms. Our shareholders also elect corporate auditors usually at our ordinary general meeting of shareholders for four-year terms.

 

We currently have 17 directors, including three outside directors. Our board of directors has ultimate responsibility for the administration of our affairs. Our board of directors is empowered to appoint by resolution representative directors from among the directors who may represent us severally. Our board of directors shall and may also appoint from their members by resolution a chairman, a deputy chairman, a president, deputy presidents, senior managing directors and managing directors. Deputy presidents assist the president. Senior managing directors and the managing directors assist the president and deputy presidents, if any, in the management of our day-to-day business.

 

There are no contracts between any of our directors and us providing for benefits upon termination of their employment.

 

Under the Company Law, directors must refrain from engaging in any business that is in competition with us unless approved by a board resolution, and no director may vote on a proposal, arrangement or contract in which that director is deemed to be materially interested.

 

Neither the Company Law nor our Articles of Incorporation contain special provisions as to the borrowing power exercisable by a director, to the retirement age of our directors and corporate auditors or to a requirement of our directors and corporate auditors to hold any shares of our capital stock.

 

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The Company Law requires a resolution of the board of directors for a company to determine the execution of important businesses, to acquire or dispose of material assets, to borrow substantial amounts of money, to employ or discharge executive officers and other important employees, to float bonds, to establish internal control systems and to establish, change or abolish material corporate organizations, such as a branch office.

 

Under the Company Law, the total amount of compensation, bonus, etc. for directors must be resolved at the shareholder’s meetings, though a director may vote on the actual amount of compensation for him or herself or for any other member of the board of directors.

 

We currently have eight corporate auditors, including four outside corporate auditors. Our corporate auditors, who are not required to be certified public accountants, have various statutory duties, including principally:

 

   

the examination of the financial statements, business reports, proposals and other documents which our board of directors prepares and submits to a general meeting of shareholders;

 

   

the examination of our directors’ administration of our affairs; and

 

   

the preparation and submission of a report on their examination to a general meeting of shareholders.

 

The Company Law permits two types of governance systems for large companies. The first system is for companies with audit, nomination and compensation committees and the other is for companies with corporate auditors. In accordance with the Company Law, we have elected to adopt a corporation governance system based on corporate auditors. If a company has corporate auditors, it is not obliged to have any audit, nomination and compensation committees. In addition, a foreign private issuer that has a board of auditors similar to our board of corporate auditors is not required to have an audit committee pursuant to Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. In an effort to further enhance our corporate governance, however, we have voluntarily established our internal audit and compliance committee. Likewise, a company is not obliged to have any outside directors if it has corporate auditors. Although we have adopted a board of corporate auditors, we have three outside directors as a part of our efforts to further enhance our corporate governance.

 

Our corporate auditors are obliged to attend meetings of our board of directors, and to make statements at the meetings if they deem necessary, although they are not entitled to vote at the meetings. Our corporate auditors comprise the board of corporate auditors, which determines matters relating to the performance of audits. The Company Law provides that a company that has or is required to have a board of corporate auditors must have three or more corporate auditors, and at least half of the corporate auditors must be outside corporate auditors. An outside auditor is defined as a person who has not served as a director, account assistant, corporate executive officer (shikkoyakuin), manager or any other type of employee of the company or any of its subsidiaries prior to his or her appointment. In a company that has or is required to have a board of corporate auditors, one or more of the corporate auditors must be designated by the board of corporate auditors to serve on a full-time basis.

 

In order to encourage various “outsider’s viewpoints”, enhance corporate governance, and ensure sufficient independence of internal audit activities from our business operations, our internal audit and compliance committee deliberates important matters relating to internal audit and compliance, and reports its activities to the board of directors monthly. The committee is comprised mainly of outside directors and external specialists. The Internal Audit & Credit Examination Division is the secretariat for this committee.

 

For additional information on our board practices, see “Item 6.A. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Directors and Senior Management.”

 

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D.    Employees

 

As of March 31, 2008, we had approximately 59,100 employees, compared to approximately 60,100 as of March 31, 2007 and 60,400 as of March 31, 2006. In addition, as of March 31, 2008, we had approximately 37,900 part-time and temporary employees. The following tables show the percentages of our employees in our different business units and geographically, as of March 31, 2008. Most of our employees are members of our employee’s union, which negotiates on behalf of employees in relation to remuneration and working conditions.

 

Business unit

  

Retail Banking Business Unit

   31 %

Corporate Banking Business Unit

   16  

Global Business Unit

   32  

Global Markets Unit

   2  

Operations and Systems Unit

   12  

Corporate Center/Independent Divisions

   7  
      
   100 %
      

Location

  

Japan

   67 %

United States of America

   21  

Europe

   2  

Asia/Oceania excluding Japan

   9  

Other areas

   1  
      
   100 %
      

 

E.    Share Ownership

 

All of our outstanding shares of common stock and preferred stock are directly or indirectly owned by Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.

 

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Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions.

 

A.    Major Shareholders

 

Common Stock

 

All of our issued shares of common stock are directly or indirectly owned by Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. The holders of our common stock appearing on the register of shareholders as of March 31, 2008, and the number and the percentage of such shares held by them, were as follows:

 

Name

   Number of shares
held
   Percentage of
total shares

in issue
 

Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.(1) (3)

   10,251,161,942    99.93 %

Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation(1)(2)

   6,800,000    0.07  
           

Total

   10,257,961,942    100.00 %
           

 

Notes:

(1)   Japanese resident
(2)   A wholly-owned subsidiary of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.
(3)   Subsequent to March 31, 2008, on August 1, 2008, we acquired 17,700,000 shares of class 3 preferred shares held by Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. and in exchange issued 43,895,180 shares of our common stock to Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.

 

Preferred Shares

 

All of our issued preferred shares have no voting rights except as otherwise provided by law or by other provisions of our Articles of Incorporation. The holders of our preferred shares appearing on the register of shareholders as of March 31, 2008, and the number and the percentage of such shares held by them, were as follows:

 

First series class 2 preferred shares

 

Name

   Number of shares
held
   Percentage of
total shares

in issue
 

Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.

   100,000,000    100.00 %
           

Total

   100,000,000    100.00 %
           

 

First series class 3 preferred shares

 

Name

   Number of shares
held
   Percentage of
total shares

in issue
 

Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.( 1)

   17,700,000    65.56 %

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ (treasury stocks)(1)

   9,300,000    34.44  
           

Total

   27,000,000    100.00 %
           

 

Notes:

(1)   Subsequent to March 31, 2008, on August 1, 2008, we acquired 17,700,000 shares of class 3 preferred shares held by Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. and in exchange issued 43,895,180 shares of our common stock to Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.

 

First series class 4 preferred shares

 

Name

   Number of shares
held
   Percentage of
total shares

in issue
 

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ (treasury stocks)

   79,700,000    100.00 %
           

Total

   79,700,000    100.00 %
           

 

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First series class 5 preferred shares

 

Name

   Number of shares
held
   Percentage of
total shares
in issue
 

Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ (treasury stocks)

   150,000,000    100.00 %
           

Total

   150,000,000    100.00 %
           

 

First series class 6 preferred shares

 

Name

   Number of shares
held
   Percentage of
total shares
in issue
 

Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation

   1,000,000    100.00 %
           

Total

   1,000,000    100.00 %
           

 

B.    Related Party Transactions

 

We had, and expect to have in the future, banking transactions and other transactions in the ordinary course of business with our related parties. Although for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, such transactions included, but were not limited to, call money, loans, electronic data processing, leases and management of properties, those transactions were immaterial, and were made at prevailing market rates, terms and conditions and do not involve more than the normal risk of collectibility or present other unfavorable features. In addition, we enter into various arrangements with Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking and Mitsubishi UFJ Securities, our affiliates, which, like us, are wholly-owned subsidiaries of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.

 

None of our directors or corporate auditors, and none of the close members of their respective families, has had any transactions or has any presently proposed transactions that are material or any transactions that are unusual in their nature or conditions, involving goods, services or tangible or intangible assets, to which we were, are or will be, a party.

 

No loans have been made to our directors or corporate auditors other than in the normal course of business, on normal commercial terms and conditions involving the normal risk of collectibility, and presenting normal features. In addition, since July 2002, no loans have been made to our directors or corporate auditors other than as permitted under Section 13(k) of the US Securities Exchange Act and Rule 13k-1 promulgated thereunder.

 

No family relationship exists among any of our directors or corporate auditors. No arrangement or understanding exists between any of our directors or corporate auditors and any other person pursuant to which any director or corporate auditor was elected to their position with us.

 

As part of our compensation structure, a stock-based compensation plan that includes our directors and corporate auditors was approved on June 27, 2007. On November 21, 2007, the board of directors adopted a plan entitled “First Series of Stock Acquisition Rights of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.” that includes our directors, corporate auditors and certain of our officers. Under the stock-based compensation plan, on December 6, 2007, an aggregate of 4,136 stock acquisition rights were allotted to our directors and an aggregate of 741 stock acquisition rights were allotted to our corporate auditors for their respective services to BTMU and its subsidiaries. Each stock acquisition right represents a right to purchase 100 shares of MUFG common stock at ¥1 per common share. The stock acquisition rights were subject to a one-year vesting period. The rights are exercisable until December 5, 2037, but only after the date on which a grantee’s service to BTMU terminates. The fair value of each stock acquisition right was ¥103,200.

 

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As part of our compensation structure, on June 26, 2008, the board of directors adopted another stock-based compensation plan entitled “Second Series of Stock Acquisition Rights of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.” that includes our directors, corporate auditors and certain of our officers. Under the stock-based compensation plan, on July 15, 2008, an aggregate of 4,061 stock acquisition rights were allotted to our directors and an aggregate of 818 stock acquisition rights were allotted to our corporate auditors for their respective services to BTMU and its subsidiaries. Each stock acquisition right represents a right to purchase 100 shares of MUFG common stock at ¥1 per common share. The stock acquisition rights are subject to a one-year vesting period. The rights are exercisable until July 14, 2038, but only after the date on which a grantee’s service to BTMU terminates. The fair value of each stock option was ¥92,300.

 

C.    Interests of Experts and Counsel

 

Not applicable

 

Item 8. Financial Information.

 

A.    Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

 

The information required by this item is set forth in our consolidated financial statements starting on page F-1 of this Annual Report and in “Selected Statistical Data” starting on page A-1 of this Annual Report.

 

Legal Proceedings

 

From time to time, we are involved in various litigation matters. Although the final resolution of any such matters could have a material effect on our consolidated operating results for a particular reporting period, based on our current knowledge and consultation with legal counsel, we believe the current litigation matters, when ultimately determined, will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.

 

Distributions

 

Our board of directors submits a recommendation for an annual dividend for our shareholders’ approval at the ordinary general meeting of shareholders customarily held in June of each year. The annual dividend is usually distributed immediately following shareholders’ approval to holders of record at the end of the preceding fiscal year. In addition to annual dividends, we may make cash distributions by way of interim dividends to shareholders of record as of September 30 of each year from our retained earnings as of the end of the preceding fiscal year by resolution of our board of directors. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, we declared an annual dividend of ¥46.45 per share of common stock, composed of a year-end dividend of ¥17.62 per share and an interim dividend of ¥28.83 per share.

 

See “Item 10.B. Memorandum and Articles of Association” for additional information on our dividend policy.

 

B.    Significant Changes

 

Other than as described in this Annual Report, no significant changes have occurred since the date of our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.

 

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Item 9. The Offer and Listing.

 

A.    Offer and Listing Details

 

All of our outstanding shares of common stock are beneficially owned by Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.

 

B.    Plan of Distribution

 

Not applicable.

 

C.    Markets

 

Not Applicable.

 

D.    Selling Shareholders

 

Not applicable.

 

E.    Dilution

 

Not applicable.

 

F.    Expenses of the Issue

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 10. Additional Information.

 

A.    Share Capital

 

Not applicable.

 

B.    Memorandum and Articles of Association

 

Our Corporate Purpose

 

Article 2 of our Articles of Incorporation provides that our corporate purpose is to carry on the following businesses:

 

  (1)   To accept deposits and installment savings, to extend loans, to discount bills and notes and to engage in exchange transactions;

 

  (2)   To guarantee obligations of others, to accept bills and notes and to engage in any other business incidental to the banking purposes listed in the preceding clause (1);

 

  (3)   To underwrite, to conduct offerings for the subscription and sale of, to buy and sell, and to engage in any other business with respect to, government bonds, municipal bonds, government-guaranteed bonds and any other securities;

 

  (4)   To engage in, in addition to the business enumerated in any of the preceding clauses, all business that a bank is permitted to engage in under the Banking Law, the Secured Bonds Trust Law or any other applicable law; and

 

  (5)   To engage in any other matters incidental to, or in connection with the businesses mentioned in any of the preceding clauses.

 

Board of Directors

 

For discussion of the provisions of our Articles of Incorporation as they apply to our directors, see “Item 6.C. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Board Practices.”

 

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Common Stock

 

We summarize below the material provisions of our Articles of Incorporation, our share handling regulations and the Company Law as they relate to a type of joint stock companies, within which we fall. Because it is a summary, this discussion should be read together with our Articles of Incorporation and share handling regulations, which have been filed as exhibits to this Annual Report.

 

General

 

A joint stock company is a legal entity incorporated under the Company Law. The investment and rights of the shareholders of a joint stock company are represented by shares of stock in the company and shareholders’ liability is limited to the amount of the subscription for the shares.

 

As of August 1, 2008, our authorized common share capital was 15,000,000,000 shares of common stock with no par value, and a total of 10,301,857,122 shares of common stock were issued. Each of the shares issued and outstanding is fully paid and non-assessable.

 

We may issue shares from our authorized but unissued share capital following a resolution to that effect by our board of directors. An increase in our authorized share capital is only possible by amending of our Articles of Incorporation, which generally requires shareholders’ special approval.

 

In order to assert shareholders’ rights or transfer of our shares against us, a shareholder must have its name and address registered on our register of shareholders, in accordance with the Company Law and our share handling regulations.

 

We do not issue share certificates.

 

Dividends

 

Dividends are distributed in proportion to the number of shares owned by each shareholder on the record date for the dividend. Dividends for each financial period may be distributed following shareholders’ approval at a general meeting of shareholders.

 

Payment of dividends on common stock is subject to the preferential dividend rights of holders of preferred stock.

 

Under the Banking Law and our Articles of Incorporation, our financial accounts are closed on March 31 of each year, and dividends, if any, are paid to shareholders of record as of March 31 following shareholders’ approval at a general meeting of shareholders. In addition to year-end dividends, our board of directors may by resolution declare an interim cash dividend to shareholders of record as of September 30 of each year. Under the Company Law, distribution of dividends will take the form of distribution of surplus (as defined below). We will be permitted to make distributions of surplus to our shareholders any number of times per fiscal year pursuant to resolutions of our general meetings of shareholders, subject to certain limitations described below. Distributions of surplus are in principle required to be authorized by a resolution of a general meeting of shareholders. We would, however, be permitted to make distributions of surplus in cash to our shareholders by resolutions of the board of directors once per fiscal year as mentioned above concerning interim cash dividend.

 

Under the Company Law, distributions of surplus may be made in cash or in kind in proportion to the number of shares of common stock held by each shareholder. A resolution of a general meeting of shareholders or our board of directors authorizing a distribution of surplus must specify the kind and aggregate book value of the assets to be distributed, the manner of allocation of such assets to shareholders, and the effective date of the distribution. If a distribution of surplus is to be made in kind, we may, pursuant to a resolution of a general meeting of shareholders or (as the case may be) our board of directors, grant to our shareholders the right to

 

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require us to make such distribution in cash instead of in kind. If no such right is granted to shareholders, the relevant distribution of surplus must be approved by a special resolution of a general meeting of shareholders (see the description of a “special resolution” in “—Voting Rights”).

 

Under the Company Law, we may make distribution of surplus to the extent that the aggregate book value of the assets to be distributed to shareholders does not exceed the distributable amount (as defined below) as of the effective date of such distribution of surplus. The amount of surplus (the “surplus”) at any given time shall be the amount of our assets and the book value of our treasury stock after subtracting the amounts of items (1) through (5) below as they appear on our non-consolidated balance sheet as of the end of our last fiscal year, and after reflecting the changes in our surplus after the end of our last fiscal year, by adding the amounts of items (6), (7) and (8) below and/or subtracting the amounts of items (9), (10) and (11) below:

 

  (1)   our liabilities;

 

  (2)   our stated capital;

 

  (3)   our additional paid-in capital;

 

  (4)   our accumulated legal reserve;

 

  (5)   other amounts as are set out in an Ordinance of the Ministry of Justice;

 

  (6)   (if we transferred our treasury stock after the end of the last fiscal year) the transfer price of our treasury stock after subtracting the book value thereof;

 

  (7)   (if we decreased our stated capital after the end of the last fiscal year) the amount of decrease in our stated capital (excluding the amount transferred to additional paid-in capital or legal reserve);

 

  (8)   (if we decreased our additional paid-in capital or legal reserve after the end of the last fiscal year) the amount of decrease in our additional paid-in capital or legal reserve (excluding the amount transferred to stated capital);

 

  (9)   (if we cancelled our treasury stock after the end of the last fiscal year) the book value of the cancelled treasury stock;

 

  (10)   (if we distributed surplus to shareholders after the end of the last fiscal year) the amount of the assets distributed to shareholders by way of such distribution of surplus; and

 

  (11)   other amounts as are set out in an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice.

 

A distributable amount (the “distributable amount”) at any given time shall be the aggregate amount of (a) the surplus, (b) the amount of profit as recorded for the period after the end of our last fiscal year until the date of an extraordinary settlement of account (if any) as is set out in an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice and (c) the transfer price of our treasury stock in the same period, after subtracting the amounts of the following items:

 

  (1)   the book value of our treasury stock;

 

  (2)   (if we transferred our treasury stock after the end of the last fiscal year) the transfer price of our treasury stock;

 

  (3)   the losses recorded for the period after the end of our last fiscal year until the date of an extraordinary settlement of account (if any) as set out in an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice; and

 

  (4)   other amounts as set out in an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice.

 

In Japan, the “ex-dividend” date and the record date for any dividends precede the date of determination of the amount of the dividend to be paid.

 

Under our Articles of Incorporation, we are not obliged to pay any dividends or interim dividends that are left unclaimed for a period of five years after the date on which they first became payable.

 

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Capital and Reserves

 

Under the Company Law, we may reduce our additional paid-in capital or legal reserve (without limitation as to the amount of such reduction) as mentioned previously, generally by resolution of a general meeting of shareholders and, if so resolved in the same resolution, may account for the whole or any part of the amount of such reduction as stated capital. We may also reduce our stated capital generally by special resolution of a general meeting of shareholders and, if so resolved in the same resolution, such reduction may account for the whole or any part of the amount of such reduction as additional paid-in capital or legal reserve. In addition, we may reduce our surplus and increase either (i) stated capital or (ii) additional paid-in capital and/or legal reserve by the same amount, in either case by resolution of a general meeting of shareholders.

 

Stock Splits

 

Stock splits of our outstanding stock may be effected at any time by resolution of the board of directors. When a stock split is to be effected, we may increase the authorized share capital to cover the number of shares to be increased by the stock split by amending our Articles of Incorporation by resolution of the board of directors without approval by special resolution of the general meeting of shareholders, unless more than one class of stock is issued and outstanding. We must give public notice of the stock split, specifying a record date at least two weeks prior to the record date.

 

Share Unit (tan-gen kabu) System

 

Our Articles of Incorporation provide that 1,000 shares constitute one unit of shares regardless of whether the shares are shares of common stock or shares of preferred stock. Our board of directors is permitted to reduce the number of shares constituting a unit or to abolish the share unit system with respect to the shares in its entirety by amending our Articles of Incorporation without approval by shareholders. The number of shares constituting a unit is not permitted to exceed 1,000 shares. A holder of shares constituting less than one unit may require us to purchase such shares at a price mutually agreed upon. Under this system, a shareholder will have one vote for each unit of shares held by it (holders of preferred shares are entitled to voting rights under certain limited circumstances, as described below). Shares not constituting a full unit will carry no voting rights. For calculation of the quorum for various voting purposes, we will exclude the aggregate number of shares representing less than one unit from the number of voting rights. A holder of shares representing one or more whole units will have one vote for each one unit of shares, except as stated in “—Voting Rights.” Except as otherwise described above and so far as there are no restrictions stated in the issuing company’s articles of incorporation, holders of shares constituting less than one unit will have all the rights granted to shareholders under the Company Law.

 

General Meeting of Shareholders

 

The ordinary general meeting of our shareholders is usually held in June of each year in Tokyo. In addition, we may hold an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders whenever necessary by giving at least two weeks’ advance notice to shareholders who are entitled to vote at the relevant general meeting of shareholders.

 

Voting Rights

 

A holder of shares of common stock is generally entitled to one voting right for each unit of common shares held. The common shares identified below are not entitled to voting rights even when such shares constitute a whole unit, and such common shares are not considered when determining whether a quorum exists for a shareholders’ meeting:

 

   

treasury shares;

 

   

shares held by a company in which we, we and our subsidiaries or our subsidiaries own 25% or more of the total voting rights; and

 

   

shares issued after the record date as a result of exercise of stock acquisition rights, fractional shareholders becoming a shareholder of a whole unit share, and in exchange for acquisition of our preferred shares.

 

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On the other hand, holders of certain class of preferred shares (under certain circumstances as described below) shall be entitled to a voting right for each unit of preferred shares held; for example, when a proposal to pay the full amount of preferential dividends on any class of preferred shares in compliance with the terms of such preferred shares is not included in the agenda of the ordinary general meeting of shareholders. See “—Preferred Stock.”

 

Under our Articles of Incorporation, except as otherwise provided by law or by other provisions of our Articles of Incorporation, a resolution can be adopted at a shareholders’ meeting by the holders of a majority of the voting rights represented at the meeting. The Company Law and our Articles of Incorporation require a quorum of not less than one third of the total number of voting rights for election of our directors and corporate auditors.

 

The Company Law and our Articles of Incorporation provide that a quorum of not less than one third of outstanding voting rights must be present at a shareholders’ meeting to approve specified corporate actions, such as:

 

   

the amendment of our Articles of Incorporation, except in some limited cases;

 

   

the repurchase of our own stock from a specific shareholder other than our subsidiary;

 

   

the consolidation of shares;

 

   

the offering to persons other than shareholders of stock at a specially favorable price, or of stock acquisition rights or bonds or notes with stock acquisition rights with specially favorable conditions;

 

   

the removal of a director who was elected by cumulative voting or a corporate auditor;

 

   

the exemption from liability of a director or corporate auditor, with certain exceptions;

 

   

a reduction in stated capital with certain exceptions;

 

   

a distribution of in-kind dividends which meets certain requirements, except in some limited circumstances;

 

   

the transfer of the whole or an important part of our business;

 

   

the acquisition of the whole business of another company, except in some limited circumstances;

 

   

a dissolution;

 

   

merger or consolidation, except in some limited circumstances;

 

   

a stock-for-stock exchange (kabushiki kokan) or stock-for-stock transfer (kabushiki iten), except in some limited circumstances; and

 

   

a corporate split, except in some limited circumstances.

 

A special resolution representing at least two-thirds of the voting rights represented at the meeting is required to approve these actions.

 

Our Articles of Incorporation do not include any provision that grant shareholders cumulative voting rights at elections of directors or corporate auditors. For a discussion of voting rights with respect to our directors, see “Item 6.C. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Board Practices.”

 

Subscription Rights

 

Holders of shares have no preemptive rights under our Articles of Incorporation. Under the Company Law, however, our board of directors may determine that shareholders be given subscription rights in connection with a particular issue of new shares. In this case, these subscription rights must be given on uniform terms to all shareholders, and if a specified record date is set, it must be announced in a public notice at least two weeks prior to the record date. A notification to each individual shareholder must also be given at least two weeks prior to the date of expiration of the subscription rights.

 

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Under the Company Law, rights to subscribe for new shares may not be transferred, however, we may allot stock acquisition rights to shareholders without consideration, and such rights will be transferable.

 

Stock Acquisition Rights

 

We may issue stock acquisition rights (shinkabu yoyakuken), which in the U.S. are often in the form of warrants, or bonds with stock acquisition rights that cannot be detached (shinkabu yoyakuken-tsuki shasai), which in the U.S. are often in the form of convertible bonds or bonds with non-detachable warrants. Except where the issuance would be on “specially favorable” conditions, the issuance of stock acquisition rights or bonds with stock acquisition rights may be authorized by a resolution of our board of directors. Upon exercise of the stock acquisition rights, the holder of such rights may acquire shares by paying the applicable exercise price or, if so determined by a resolution of our board of directors, by making a substitute payment, such as having the convertible bonds redeemed for no cash in lieu of the exercise price.

 

Liquidation Rights

 

Upon our liquidation, the assets remaining after payment of all debts, liquidation expenses, taxes and preferred distributions to holders of shares of our preferred stock will be distributed among the holders of our common stock in proportion to the number of shares they own.

 

Reports to Shareholders

 

We furnish to our shareholders notices, in Japanese, of shareholders’ meetings and annual business reports, including our financial statements.

 

Record Dates

 

As stated above, March 31 is the record date for the payment of annual dividends, if any, and September 30 is the record date for the payment of interim dividends, if any. In addition, by a resolution of our board of directors and after giving at least two weeks’ prior public notice, we may at any time set a record date in order to determine the shareholders who are entitled to the rights pertaining to our shares.

 

Repurchase of Our Shares of Common Stock

 

We may repurchase our own shares:

 

   

from a specific party, if authorized by a special resolution of general meeting of shareholders and we give notice thereof to shareholders prior to such general meeting, in general;

 

   

from a specific party, if authorized by our board of directors and we give a public notice or notice thereof to all of the shareholders and opportunity to apply for the repurchase (if we repurchase any class of the preferred shares, a notice thereof to all of the shareholders of the class of the preferred shares and opportunity to apply for the repurchase); or

 

   

from our subsidiaries, if authorized by a resolution of the board of directors.

 

When the repurchase is made by us from a specific party, as authorized by a special resolution of a general meeting of shareholders, any shareholder may make a demand to a director, five days or more prior to the relevant shareholders’ meeting, that we also repurchase the shares held by that shareholder.

 

Repurchase of our own shares described above must satisfy various specified requirements. In general, the same restrictions on the distributable amount as described in the sixth paragraph under “—Common Stock—Dividends.” are applicable to the repurchase of our own shares, so the total amount of the repurchase price may not exceed the distributable amount.

 

We may hold our own shares so repurchased without restrictions. In addition, we may cancel or dispose of our own shares that we hold by a resolution of our board of directors.

 

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For additional information on our treasury stocks as of March 31, 2007, see “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions”

 

Preferred Stock

 

The following is a summary of information concerning the shares of our preferred stock, including brief summaries of the relevant provisions of our Articles of Incorporation, the share handling regulations and the Company Law as currently in effect. The detailed rights of our preferred shares are set out in our Articles of Incorporation and the resolutions of our board of directors relating to the issuance of the relevant stock.

 

General

 

Under our Articles of Incorporation, we are authorized to issue five classes of preferred stock totaling 357,700,000 shares of preferred stock, including 100,000,000 class 2 preferred shares, 27,000,000 class 3 preferred shares, 79,700,000 class 4 preferred shares, 150,000,000 class 5 preferred shares and 1,000,000 class 6 preferred shares. Our preferred shares have equal preference over shares of our common stock in respect of dividend entitlements and distribution upon our liquidation, but holders of our preferred shares are not entitled to vote at general meetings of shareholders, subject to the exceptions provided under our Articles of Incorporation. As of August 1, 2008, 100,000,000 shares of class 2 preferred shares, 27,000,000 shares of class 3 preferred shares, 79,700,000 shares of class 4 preferred shares, 150,000,000 shares of class 5 preferred shares and 1,000,000 shares of class 6 preferred shares were issued.

 

We may acquire shares of class 2 preferred shares at ¥2,500 per share, in whole or in part, on or after February 22, 2010.

 

Preferred Dividends

 

In priority to the payment of dividends to holders of our common stock, the expected amount of preferred dividends payable each fiscal year for each class of our preferred stock is set forth below.

 

   

class 2 preferred shares: ¥60.00 per share

 

   

class 3 preferred shares: ¥15.90 per share

 

   

class 4 preferred shares: ¥18.60 per share

 

   

class 5 preferred shares: ¥19.40 per share

 

   

class 6 preferred shares: ¥210.90 per share (¥80.68 per share for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008)

 

In the event that our board of directors decides to pay an interim dividend to holders of record of our common stock as of September 30 of any year, we will, in priority to the payment of that interim dividend, pay a preferred interim dividend in the amount specified in our Articles of Incorporation to holders of record of our preferred shares as of September 30 of any year of the same time. The amount of any preferred interim dividend will be deducted from the preferred dividend payable on preferred shares in respect of the same fiscal year.

 

No payment of dividends on our preferred shares or any other shares can be made unless we have a sufficient distributable amount and a resolution to distribute such distributable amount is obtained at the relevant ordinary general meeting of shareholders, in the case of annual preferred dividends or at the board of directors, in the case of preferred interim dividends.

 

Dividends on our preferred shares are non-cumulative. If the full amount of any dividend is not declared on our preferred shares in respect of any fiscal year, holders of our preferred shares do not have any right to receive dividends in respect of the deficiency in any subsequent fiscal year, and we will have no obligation to pay the deficiency or to pay any interest regardless of whether or not dividends are paid in respect of any subsequent

 

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fiscal year. The holders of our preferred shares are not entitled to any further dividends or other participation in or distribution of our profits, except for distribution under certain corporate split proceedings as stated in our Articles of Incorporation.

 

Liquidation Rights

 

In the event of our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, record holders of our preferred shares will be entitled to receive out of our residual assets upon liquidation a distribution as set forth below.

 

   

class 2 preferred shares: ¥2,500 per share

 

   

class 3 preferred shares: ¥3,000 per share

 

   

class 4 preferred shares: ¥2,000 per share

 

   

class 5 preferred shares: ¥2,000 per share

 

   

class 6 preferred shares: ¥5,700 per share

 

The holders of our preferred shares are not entitled to any further dividends or other participation in or distribution of our residual assets upon our liquidation.

 

Voting Rights

 

No holder of our preferred shares has the right to receive notice of, or to vote at, a general meeting of shareholders, except as otherwise specifically provided under our Articles of Incorporation or other applicable law. Under our Articles of Incorporation, holders of a unit of our preferred shares will be entitled to receive notice of, and have one voting right per unit of preferred shares at, our general meetings of shareholders:

 

   

from the commencement of any ordinary general meeting of shareholders if an agenda for approval to declare a preferred dividend is not submitted to such meeting or

 

   

from the close of any ordinary general meeting of shareholders if a proposed resolution to declare a preferred dividend is not approved at such meeting.

 

In each case, holders of our preferred shares will be entitled to receive notice of and vote at the relevant general meetings of shareholders unless and until such time as a resolution of an ordinary general meeting of shareholders declaring a preferred dividend is passed.

 

C.    Material Contracts

 

Other than as described in this Annual Report, all contracts entered into by us in the past two years were entered into in the ordinary course of business.

 

D.    Exchange Controls

 

There are no exchange controls applicable to payments on our debt securities.

 

E.    Taxation

 

Japanese Taxation

 

The following sets forth the material Japanese tax consequences to owners of our debt securities who are non-resident individuals or non-Japanese corporations without a permanent establishment in Japan to which the relevant income is attributable, which we refer to as “non-resident holders” in this section. The statements regarding Japanese tax laws below are based on the laws in force and as interpreted by the Japanese taxation authorities as at the date of this Annual Report and are subject to changes in the applicable Japanese laws, double

 

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taxation treaties, conventions or agreements or interpretations thereof occurring after that date. This summary is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations that may apply to a particular investor, and potential investors are advised to satisfy themselves as to the overall tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our debt securities, including specifically the tax consequences under Japanese law, the laws of the jurisdiction of which they are resident and any tax treaty between Japan and their country of residence, by consulting their own tax advisers.

 

Payment of interest on our debt securities issued from April 1, 1998 to March 31, 2010 outside Japan by us or our paying agents to non-resident holders of debt securities will be exempt from Japanese withholding tax. In order to be exempt from Japanese withholding tax, each non-resident holder must comply with the procedures for establishing its status in accordance with the requirements of Japanese law. If the exemption is not extended by future legislation, or if similar exemption is not available after March 31, 2010, interest on our debt securities issued after that date would be subject to Japanese withholding tax.

 

Under current Japanese practice, we and our paying agents may determine our withholding obligations in respect of our debt securities held through a qualified clearing organization in reliance on certifications we received from the qualified clearing organization. In this case, we do not need to obtain certificates directly from the ultimate beneficial owners of the debt securities. As part of the procedures under which these certifications are given, a beneficial owner may be required to establish that it is a non-resident holder to the person or entity through which it holds our debt securities. If a non-resident holder is required to establish its identity and residence, such holder will be required to deliver to our paying agents a claim for exemption from Japanese withholding tax and documentation concerning its identity and residence in order to receive an interest payment on our debt securities free of Japanese withholding tax. We or our paying agents may adopt modified or supplemental certification procedures to the extent necessary to comply with changes in Japanese law or administrative practice.

 

Gains derived from the sale of our debt securities within or outside Japan by a non-resident holder are, in general, not subject to Japanese income or corporation taxes or other Japanese taxes.

 

Japanese inheritance and gift taxes at progressive rates may be payable by an individual, regardless of his or her place or residence, who has acquired debt securities as a legatee, heir or donee, even if neither the individual nor the decedent nor the donor is a Japanese resident. No stamp, issue, registration or similar taxes or duties, will, under present Japanese law, be payable by holders of our debt securities in connection with the issue of the debt securities.

 

US Taxation

 

The following sets forth the material United States federal income tax consequences of the ownership of our debt securities by a US holder, as defined below. This summary is based on United States federal income tax laws, including the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or the Code, its legislative history, existing and proposed Treasury regulations thereunder, published rulings and court decisions, and on the Convention between the United States of America and Japan for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, or the Tax Convention, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect.

 

The following summary is not a complete analysis or description of all potential United States federal income tax consequences to a particular US holder. It does not address all United States federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to all categories of potential purchasers, certain of which (such as banks or other financial institutions, insurance companies, dealers in securities, tax exempt entities, non U.S. persons, persons holding a debt security as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,” conversion or integrated transaction, holders whose “functional currency” is not the US dollar, persons holding debt securities through a partnership or other pass through entity, US expatriates, holders liable for alternative minimum tax and holders of 10% or more of

 

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our voting shares) are subject to special tax treatment. This summary also does not address any foreign, state, local or other tax consequences of an investment in our debt securities. This summary assumes that investors will hold our debt securities as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code.

 

As used herein, a “US holder” of a debt security means a holder that is for US federal income tax purposes:

 

   

a citizen or resident of the United States,

 

   

a corporation or other entity taxable as a corporation created or organized under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof,

 

   

an estate, the income of which is subject to US federal income tax regardless of its source, or

 

   

a trust (1) the administration of which is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more United States persons has the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) that has a valid election in effect under applicable US Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person.

 

A Non-US holder is a holder, other than an entity treated as a partnership, that is not a US holder. The following summary does not address the tax consequences to a Non-US holder. US holders should consult their own tax advisors concerning the application of the following rules to their particular situations, as well as the tax consequences to them under the laws of any other taxing jurisdiction.

 

Interest.    Interest paid on our debt securities will generally be taxable to a US holder as ordinary interest income at the time it is received or accrues, in accordance with such US holder’s regular method of accounting for US federal income tax purposes. In addition to interest on our debt securities, a US holder will be required to include in income any additional amounts and any tax withheld from interest payments notwithstanding that such withheld tax is not in fact received by such US holder. With respect to any tax withheld under Japanese law, a US holder may be entitled to deduct or credit tax withheld at the rate under the Tax Convention, subject to applicable limitations in the Code, including that the election to deduct foreign taxes must apply to all of the US holder’s foreign taxes for a particular year. For foreign tax credit limitation purposes, interest income, including Japanese taxes withheld therefrom, if any, and additional amounts, paid on our debt securities will be income from sources outside the United States and will, with certain limitations, be treated as “passive income” or, in the case of certain US holders, “financial service income.” The rules governing the foreign tax credit are complex. US holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit under their particular circumstances.

 

Market Discount.    A debt security purchased by an investor other than an initial holder may be subject to the market discount provisions of the Code. Market discount is the excess, if any, of the adjusted issue price of a debt security over its basis in the purchaser’s hands immediately after the purchase. However, a debt security will not be treated as having market discount if, at the time of purchase, the discount is less than 1/4 of 1% of the adjusted issue price of the debt security, multiplied by the number of complete years remaining to maturity.

 

If a US holder purchases a debt security with market discount, such US holder may elect to include such market discount in income as the discount accrues. This election, once made, applies to all market discount obligations acquired by such US holder during or after the taxable year in which the election is made and may not be revoked without the consent of the Internal Revenue Service. Accrued market discount may be calculated in either of two ways. Under the ratable method, accrued market discount at the time of disposition or maturity is the total market discount multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days the US holder has held the debt security and the denominator of which is the number of days from the date such US holder acquired the debt security until its maturity date. Alternatively a US holder may elect to use the constant yield method. Such an election applies only to the debt security for which the election is made and is irrevocable. If an election is made to include market discount in income currently, a US holder’s adjusted basis in the debt security will be increased by any market discount that the holder includes in income.

 

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If a US holder acquires a debt security with market discount and does not elect (and is not deemed to have elected) to include such market discount in income currently, such US holder will recognize as ordinary income the lesser of the amount of gain or the accrued market discount realized by such US holder when the debt security matures or is disposed of by such US holder. A market discount debt security given as a gift or redeemed by us will be treated as having been sold for its fair market value. If a US holder incurs or maintains indebtedness to purchase or carry a market discount debt security to which a current inclusion election does not apply, such US holder must defer a portion of any interest expense on such indebtedness until the earlier of the maturity of the debt security or the disposition of the debt security in a taxable transaction.

 

Sales or other dispositions.    A US holder will generally recognize gain or loss on the sale, retirement or other taxable disposition of our debt securities in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized from such sale, retirement or other taxable disposition, other than amounts attributable to accrued but unpaid interest, which will be taxed as interest, and the US holder’s adjusted tax basis in our debt securities. Subject to the rules governing the treatment of market discount, such gain or loss will be long term capital gain or loss if the holding period for our debt securities exceeds one year at the time of disposition. The ability to deduct capital losses may be limited. For purposes of determining a US holder’s allowable foreign tax credit, gain realized by a US holder that is a US resident, as defined in Section 865 of the Code, will generally be US source income. However, disposition losses attributable to a foreign office or recognized by a US citizen or resident alien with a foreign tax home will generally be treated as foreign source if the highest marginal rate in such foreign country is at least 10%. Special rules apply in determining the source of other types of loss such as loss attributable to accrued but unpaid interest, and US holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the treatment of such items in their particular situations.

 

Information reporting and backup withholding.    Proceeds from the sale, retirement or other disposition of our debt securities, or payments of principal and interest on our debt securities, may be subject to information reporting requirements. Those proceeds or interest payments may also be subject to backup withholding unless the US holder:

 

   

is a corporation or other exempt recipient, and, when required, demonstrates this fact or

 

   

provides a correct taxpayer identification number on a properly completed Internal Revenue Service Form W 9 or substitute form, certifies that the US holder is not subject to backup withholding and otherwise complies with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules.

 

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amount withheld under these rules will be creditable against the US holder’s United States federal income tax liability or refundable to the extent that it exceeds such liability if the US holder provides the required information to the Internal Revenue Service. If a US holder is required to and does not provide a correct taxpayer identification number, the US holder may be subject to penalties imposed by the Internal Revenue Service. All US holders should consult their tax advisors as to their qualification for the exemption from back-up withholding and the procedure for obtaining an exemption.

 

We urge US holders to consult their own tax advisors concerning the United States federal, state and local and other tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our debt securities.

 

F.    Dividends and Paying Agents

 

Not applicable.

 

G.    Statement by Experts

 

Not applicable.

 

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H.    Documents on Display

 

We file periodic reports and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document that we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at (800) SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of its public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains a web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC (http://www.sec.gov).

 

I.    Subsidiary Information

 

Please refer to discussion under “Item 4.C. Information on the Company—Organizational Structure.”

 

Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk.

 

Our business is subject to a variety of risks, including credit risks, market risks, liquidity risks, settlement risks, legal/regulation risks, operations risks, information security risks and operational risks. The importance of managing these risks has increased dramatically with financial deregulation and globalization, and with advances made in information technology. Our organizational structure has been designed to provide enhanced risk management with the awareness that risk management is one of our critical functions and our success depends upon the proper control and administration of risk.

 

Firm-Wide Risk Management

 

Our holding company, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., determines our group-wide risk management policy at the holding company level, and we implement the policy accordingly. Our holding company seeks to raise group-wide risk awareness, integrate and improve the group’s risk management framework, allocate risk capital appropriately and eliminate specific concentrations of risk.

 

Our policy for the control and administration of risk is based on the concept of “Firm-Wide Risk Management.” Our objective is to identify, quantify, monitor and control risks, and to audit and inspect those activities. This in turn helps us stabilize earnings in line with the risks of our business and properly allocate management resources.

 

The Corporate Risk Management Division has overall responsibility for managing and controlling all the risks on a firm-wide basis. Specific supervisory divisions are responsible for each type of risk. Specifically, the Credit Policy & Planning Division is responsible for credit risk. The Corporate Risk Management Division is responsible for market risk and funding liquidity risk. The Operations Services Planning Division is responsible for operations risk. The Information Security Management Division is responsible for information asset risk and the Public Relations Division is responsible for reputational risk. These divisions all work together to provide overall control and management of all of our risks on a firm-wide basis.

 

The Corporate Risk Management Division seeks to control and manage the risks arising from various activities across product, operational and organizational lines. The Risk Management Committee has overall responsibility for identifying and controlling our risks. This committee meets semi-annually and on an extraordinary basis if necessary. It formulates action plans and monitors implementation in line with our basic risk management policies.

 

Capital Allocation System

 

MUFG has introduced a system to monitor and allocate capital across subsidiary banks, business groups and segments, and between different categories of risk. Based on quantitative measurement of the various risks faced by MUFG using internal risk management methods, the system guides the risk-weighted allocation of capital (economic capital) with the aim of improving the overall risk-return profile for MUFG and ensuring that the proper allocation of economic resources delivers returns that are commensurate with risk. Under this system, our

 

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holding company formulates a capital allocation plan for each six-month period based on discussions with subsidiary banks. In addition, MUFG has introduced two internal performance indicators (cost of capital-adjusted return and consolidated operating ROE) to help assess and manage risk-weighted profitability and capital productivity.

 

Overview of Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process

 

The holding company assesses its internal capital adequacy from two perspectives, namely regulatory capital based on capital adequacy regulations, and its own economic capital based on internal risk assessment.

 

Internal capital adequacy assessment based on regulatory capital is carried out by using capital adequacy ratio and Tier 1 ratio calculated from risk-weighted assets and capital which are stipulated in the capital adequacy regulation. The holding company compares these figures with its target figures—a capital ratio of 12% and Tier 1 ratio of 8%—when formulating its internal risk-weighted assets plan and capital plan. In addition, capital adequacy and Tier 1 ratios are regularly calculated and reported to management during the fiscal year in order to monitor internal capital adequacy.

 

Internal capital adequacy assessment based on economic capital is carried out within the framework of the capital allocation system, which allocates capital in accordance with credit risk, strategic equity portfolio risk, market risk, and operational risk. Included within these risks are credit concentration risk and interest rate risk in the banking book as stipulated by the Second Pillar of Basel II. Each risk is calculated using the basic assumptions of a confidence interval of 99% and a holding period of one year. The total risk amount, taking into account the effect of diversification and net unrealized gains on other securities available for sale, is compared with Tier 1 capital to assess internal capital adequacy, and the capital allocation plan is then formulated. Thereafter, the use of allocated capital is regularly checked against the plan during the fiscal year, including risk assessment with a 99.9% confidence interval, and compared with Tier 1 capital to provide ongoing monitoring of internal capital adequacy.

 

When drawing up a regulatory capital plan and economic capital plan, both methods undergo stress testing. The plans for regulatory and economic capital are formulated following detailed analysis of the impact of the stress testing on capital and risk, and an assessment of internal capital adequacy.

 

We utilize a similar framework to assess our internal capital adequacy.

 

Implementation of Basel II

 

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has set capital adequacy standards for all internationally active banks to ensure minimum levels of capital.

 

The Basel Committee worked over recent years to revise the 1988 Accord and, in June 2004, the Committee related “International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: A Revised Framework”. This new framework, called Basel II, has been applied to Japanese banks since March 31, 2007.

 

Basel II is based on “three pillars”: (1) minimum capital requirements, (2) the self-regulation of financial institutions based on supervisory review process, and (3) market discipline through the disclosure of information. The goal of Basel II is to have these three pillars mutually reinforce each other to ensure the effectiveness of regulations. Basel II is thus a more comprehensive regulatory framework for ensuring the soundness and stability of the international banking system. In addition, with respect to credit risk and operational risk, Basel II provides more risk-sensitive approaches and a range of options for measuring risks and determining the capital requirements. As a result, Basel II also reflects the nature of risks at each bank more closely.

 

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Based on the principle of Basel II, MUFG adopted the Foundation Internal Ratings-Based (FIRB) Approach to calculate its capital requirements for credit risk. The Standardized Approach is used for some subsidiaries that are considered to be immaterial to the overall MUFG capital requirements and a few subsidiaries have adopted a phased rollout of the IRB approach.

 

MUFG adopted the Standardized Approach to calculate its capital requirements for operational risk. As for market risk, MUFG adopted the Internal Models Approach mainly to calculate general market risk and adopted the Standardized Methodology to calculate specific risk.

 

Credit Risk Management

 

Credit risk is the risk that we will be unable to collect the amount due to us on the due date of a particular obligation as a result of the deterioration of the borrower’s financial condition. Credit risk is realized when a credit instrument previously extended to a borrower loses part or all of its value. This in turn exposes us to financial loss. We have established an internal framework designed to maintain our asset quality, manage credit risk exposure and achieve earnings commensurate with the risks undertaken by us.

 

We perform a detailed review of all borrowers’ creditworthiness on a daily basis timely after a borrower’s annual or semi-annual financial statements first become available. In addition, as part of an ongoing credit review process, our credit officers monitor changes in all customers’ creditworthiness including bankruptcy, past due principal or interest, downgrading of external credit rating, declining stock price, business restructuring and other events and reassess borrowers’ ratings in response to such events. Our credit officers are also required to regularly report changes in the value of collateral or guarantees of all borrowers.

 

Quantitative Analysis of Credit Risk

 

Using a highly complex model, we analyze our credit risk quantitatively. This model measures credit risk based on historical data relating to credit amounts, default rates and recovery rates and takes into account the correlation among borrowers’ default probabilities.

 

Portfolio Management

 

We work to achieve earnings commensurate with the risk levels undertaken by us. Our strategy is to price our products based upon expected losses, as determined in accordance with our internal credit rating system. At the same time, by monitoring loan amounts and credit exposure by credit rating, corporate group, type of business and region, we seek to avoid a concentration of our credit risks in specific categories. We have a specialized unit that sets credit ceilings by country to address and manage country risk. We regularly review these credit ceilings and adjust them when credit conditions change materially in any countries.

 

Credit Risk Management System

 

We closely monitor and supervise our credit portfolio and manage credit risk on a global consolidated basis. We seek to identify problem credits at an early stage. We have in place a system of checks and balances in which a credit administration section that is independent of the business promotion sections screens individual transactions and manages the extension of credit. Additionally, our management regularly holds credit and investment management committee meetings and credit committee meetings to review important matters related to credit risk management.

 

Credit Rating System

 

We use a credit rating system with a scale of 1 to 10 to evaluate credit risk, as set out in the table below. Based on this system, we conduct a self-assessment of our assets and a quantitative risk measurement of credit risk, with the aim of managing our loan portfolio and determining our pricing strategy. The credit rating system,

 

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which is based on the concept of probabilities of default, is consistent with both the method of evaluating credit risk under the new Basel Capital Accord and those of third-party credit rating agencies. Our credit rating system is also designed to conform to the regulatory authorities’ risk grading standards for classified loans. We constantly monitor changes in all of our customers’ creditworthiness and change ratings if necessary, so that we perform accurate assessment of our own assets. With respect to country risk, we assess each country using ten alphanumeric grades and determine the risk rating for each country.

 

     Credit rating
     “1”- “7”   “8”   “9”   “10”

Borrower grade

   Normal

(divided into 9 ranks)

  Close Watch(1)

(divided into 3 ranks)

  Likely to Become
Bankrupt
(2)
  Legally or Virtually
Bankrupt
(3)

(divided into 2 ranks)

 

(1)   Borrowers classified as “Close Watch” require close scrutiny because their business performance is unstable or their financial condition is unfavorable. Borrowers ranked “8” correspond with “Needs Attention,” of which some borrowers correspond with “Special Attention,” a subcategory of “Needs Attention,” under the Financial Services Agency’s classification.
(2)   Borrowers classified as “Likely to Become Bankrupt” are not yet bankrupt, but are in financial difficulty with poor progress in achieving their business restructuring plans or are likely to become bankrupt in the future. Borrowers ranked “9” correspond with “In Danger of Bankruptcy” under the Financial Service Agency’s classification.
(3)   Borrowers classified as “Legally or Virtually Bankrupt” are considered to be legally bankrupt or are virtually bankrupt. Borrowers ranked “10” correspond with “De Facto Bankrupt” or “Bankrupt” under the Financial Services Agency’s classification.

 

Market Risk Management

 

Market risk is the risk of sustaining a loss due to a change in the price of assets or liabilities held that results from changes in risk-related factors such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices and commodity prices.

 

Market Risk Management System

 

We use a three-tiered market risk management system to manage our market risk. It divides authority and responsibility among the senior management level, the line management level at trading divisions and offices and the trader level. This system is designed to clearly establish the authority and responsibility of each level. The Corporate Risk Management Division has overall responsibility for our market risk management, and is located in the Corporate Center, independent from our individual business units. This division seeks to manage our market risk on a consolidated basis, and also integrates middle office functions with the aim of ensuring the integrity, accuracy and transparency of market risk information.

 

Market Risk Management Process

 

On a semi-annual basis, the Executive Committee decides our overall market risk limit and sets the limits for each business while considering various factors including our capital, earnings capacity and trading capability. Authority for implementing the market risk limit is given to each business unit’s chief executive, who in turn delegates this authority to the general managers in charge of each business line. In order to keep losses within a predetermined limit, we have established a stop-loss rule, which is designed to limit the amount of losses allowed from market activities.

 

We have a bank-wide Asset and Liability Management Committee that includes Deputy Presidents, directors and general managers responsible for strategic planning, market operations and domestic and overseas customer relations. This committee meets once a month to review and discuss our overall market risk profiles and asset and liability management policies from a management perspective, and conveys its conclusions to our business line managers for use in their daily operations. Our directors, business unit chief executives and the general managers responsible for market operations also hold weekly market-risk meetings to review and discuss our market risk profile and worldwide risk-taking activities.

 

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The Corporate Risk Management Division uses a Market Risk Information System to perform market risk management. Under this system, the Corporate Risk Management Division reports daily to our senior management on our overall market risk profile as well as by risk factors, by business unit and by region. It is also designed to monitor compliance with the risk limits set by the Executive Committee and our stop-loss rules.

 

With respect to the operation of each business unit, we aim to manage the risks relating to those of our assets and liabilities that expose us to risks such as interest rate risk and exchange rate risk by entering into various hedging transactions using marketable securities and derivatives, including futures, options and swaps. As part of our market risk management activities, we use certain derivative financial instruments to better manage our interest rate and currency exposures. We maintain an overall interest rate risk management strategy that incorporates the use of interest rate contracts to minimize significant unplanned fluctuations in earnings that are caused by interest rate volatility. We enter into interest rate swaps and other contracts as part of our interest rate risk management strategy primarily to alter the interest rate sensitivity of its loans, investment securities and deposit liabilities. Our principal objectives in risk management include asset and liability management. Asset and liability management is viewed as one of the methods for us to manage our interest rate exposures on interest-bearing assets and liabilities. Interest rate contracts, which are generally non-leveraged generic interest rate and basis swaps, options and futures, allow us to effectively manage our interest rate risk position. Option contracts primarily consist of caps, floors, swaptions and options on index futures. Futures contracts used for asset and liability management activities are primarily index futures providing for cash payments based upon the movement of an underlying rate index. We enter into forward exchange contracts, currency swaps and other contracts in response to currency exposures resulting from on-balance-sheet assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies in order to limit the net foreign exchange position by currency to an appropriate level.

 

Market Risk Measurement

 

We use our Market Risk Information System to measure our market risk, which consists of general market risk and specific risk. General market risk, or VaR, is the risk arising from changes in overall market price movement, while specific risk refers to the risk of changes in the prices of individual financial instruments owing to factors other than the general market risk. Specific risk is further divided into Idiosyncratic Risk (VaI: the risk that the price of a particular financial instrument moves idiosyncratically from the overall market movement due to supply and demand or liquidity factors when no particular credit event or event of default has occurred) and Event-default Risk (VaE: the risk of price movement when a particular credit event or event of default has occurred). Based on VaR and VaI, we delegate authority to manage market risk to our business units. VaR, VaI and VaE are taken into account in allocating capital to each business unit.

 

In order to measure VaR, our Market Risk Information System primarily employs a historical simulation methodology with statistical data of 701 days’ observation period. This methodology has the advantage of reflecting the direct movements of risk factors, and enables us to capture market movements accurately. This in turn enables us to estimate non-linear option risks using historical scenario matrixes.

 

Due to some limitations inherent in the use of the historical simulation approach, including the possibility that the market may move more intensively than during the past 701 days, we recognize the importance of appropriate stress tests and profit/loss simulations. Our Market Risk Information System also supplements our VaR based risk measurements by allowing us to analyze our market risk profile using backtesting, stress tests and profit/loss simulations based on hypothetical portfolios. These additional tests and simulations allow us to address some of the limitations of our VaR calculation methodologies.

 

The Market Risk Information System is located not only in the Tokyo Head Office but also in our major overseas offices, enabling them to conduct comprehensive risk management on a stand-alone basis and manage their market risks more effectively.

 

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Capital Charges for Market Risk

 

The market risk regulations stipulated in the Basel Capital Accord, which were implemented in Japan by guidelines adopted by the Financial Services Agency, require us to include the effects of market risk in calculating capital adequacy ratios. We apply the “Internal Model Approach” to calculate our general market risks and the “Standardized Approach” to calculate our specific risks. In applying the Internal Model Approach, we are required to meet strict qualitative and quantitative requirements, which our Market Risk Information System has met as demonstrated by both internal and external examinations.

 

As defined in the market risk regulations, market risk is composed of interest rate and equity price risks held in trading activities, foreign exchange risk and commodity price risk. All references to VaR in the following illustrations and explanations are based on a model using the historical simulation methodology, unless otherwise noted.

 

Illustrations of Market Risks for the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2008

 

Trading activities.    For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, the average daily VaR (holding period: ten days; confidence level: 99%) for our trading activities on a consolidated basis was ¥6.22 billion. It was mainly comprised of an interest rate risk of ¥4.56billion followed by a foreign exchange rate risk of ¥2.57 billion. A simple summation of VaR by risk factor does not equate with the overall VaR, due to the diversification effect within the portfolio.

 

The VaR at the end of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥5.61 billion which represents a ¥1.73 billion decrease from the previous fiscal year ended VaR of ¥7.34 billion mainly because of the decrease of foreign exchange rate risk. During the fiscal year ended March 31,2008, the maximum VaR was ¥10.79 billion and the minimum was ¥3.08 billion. Average daily VaI (holding period: ten days, confidence level: 99%) on a consolidated basis was ¥0.37 billion with a maximum of ¥1.03 billion and minimum of ¥0.05 billion.

 

VaR for Trading Activities (10 day—99%)

 

(April 2007—Mar 2008)

 

Risk category

   Daily
average
    High    Low    March 31,
2008
 
     (in billions yen)  

Interest rate

   ¥ 4.56     ¥ 9.64    ¥ 1.52    ¥ 5.11  

Japanese yen

     3.38       8.96      0.64      4.54  

US dollars

     1.46       4.05      0.51      0.82  

Foreign exchange rate

     2.57       7.45      0.52      1.28  

Equity

     0.00       0.07      0.00      0.05  

Commodity

     —         —        —        —    

Less Diversification effect

     (0.92 )     —        —        (0.84 )
                              

Overall Portfolio

   ¥ 6.22     ¥ 10.79    ¥ 3.08    ¥ 5.61  
                              

 

Note: The high and low figure for each risk category occurred on different days.

 

The daily average VaR by quarter in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was as follows:

 

Quarter

   Daily average VaR

April—June 2007

   ¥  5.97 billion

July—September 2007

   ¥ 6.22 billion

October—December 2007

   ¥ 5.39 billion

January—March 2008

   ¥ 7.36 billion

 

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Non-trading activities.    For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, the average daily VaR (holding period: ten days; confidence level: 99%) for our non-trading activities, excluding market risks related to strategic equity investments, measured using the same standard used for our trading activities, was ¥168.0 billion. It was mainly comprised of an interest rate risk of ¥142.7 billion followed by an equity risk of ¥60.8 billion. A simple summation of VaR by risk factor does not equate with the overall VaR, due to the diversification effect within the portfolio.

 

The VaR at the end of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, was ¥202.4 billion, and approximately 75% of total VaR for Non-Trading Activities (without diversification effect) consists of interest rate change. The maximum VaR was ¥208.8 billion and the minimum VaR was ¥130.4 billion. Average daily VaI (holding period: ten days; confidence level: 99%) on a consolidated basis was ¥25.1 billion with a maximum of ¥28.8 billion and a minimum of ¥21.1 billion.

 

VaR for Non-Trading Activities (10 day—99%)

 

(April 2007—Mar 2008)

 

Risk category

   Daily
average
   High    Low    March 31,
2008
     (in billions yen)

Interest rate

   ¥ 142.7    ¥ 179.2    ¥ 109.1    ¥ 171.7

Japanese yen

     80.0      105.0      56.6      93.1

US dollars

     64.4      93.0      41.0      75.7

Euro

     13.9      17.4      10.3      15.0

Equity

     60.8      73.9      44.5      57.7
                           

Overall Portfolio

   ¥ 168.0    ¥ 208.8    ¥ 130.4    ¥ 202.4
                           

 

Note:   The high and low figure for each risk category occurred on different days.

 

For our non-trading activities, most of the market risk stems from interest rate risk. (We do not include our strategic investments in equity in our non-trading activities. Risks related to these strategic investments are discussed below.) Interest rate average daily VaR by quarter in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was as follows:

 

Quarter

   Daily average VaR

April—June 2007

   ¥  145.0 billion

July—September 2007

   ¥  124.1 billion

October—December 2007

   ¥ 142.5 billion

January—March 2008

   ¥ 159.8 billion

 

Backtesting.    We conduct backtesting to verify the reasonableness of VaR calculated through our internal models, comparing daily reported VaR with actual daily gains or losses (realized gains/losses plus increase/decrease in unrealized gains).

 

In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, actual gains/losses did not exceed VaR on any trading day. This means that our VaR model provided reasonably accurate measurements during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.

 

Stress testing.    Market risk measures, including VaR and VaI, reflect risk amounts measured, assuming “normal conditions,” based on empirical market fluctuations. While VaR and VaI estimate the possible maximum potential risk of loss on normal market movements, market movements could deviate from historical patterns. Since it is important to be prepared for unusual market movements, we also use our Market Risk

 

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Information System to perform stress testing based on various market scenarios. We use this process to analyze and understand where risks exist for us and what effect they could have on our earnings.

 

In addition, the Corporate Risk Management Division conducts stress testing by incorporating individual scenarios based on market conditions. It is possible to analyze our overall position from a variety of angles by incorporating scenarios for our front offices that actually conduct transactions into the Market Risk Information System. We believe the adoption of this approach has further strengthened communication between our front offices and the Corporate Risk Management Division.

 

Risk Management of Strategic Equity Portfolio

 

We hold shares of various corporate clients for strategic purposes, in particular to maintain long-term relationships with these clients. These investments have the potential to increase business revenue and appreciate in value. At the same time, we are exposed to the risk of price fluctuation in the Japanese stock market.

 

In recent years, it has been a high priority for us to reduce our equity portfolio to limit the risks associated with holding a large equity portfolio, but also to comply with a regulatory framework that prohibits Japanese banks from holding an amount of shares in excess of their adjusted Tier I capital after September 2006. As of March 2004, we had reduced and have continued to maintain the amount of our equity holdings below our adjusted Tier I capital, enabling us to comply with the regulatory framework in advance of the deadline.

 

As part of our risk management activities, we analyze the price fluctuation risk of our equity portfolio using a simulation that estimates market risk by monitoring changes in the Tokyo Stock Price Index, or TOPIX. The TOPIX is a composite index of all common stocks listed on the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange.

 

Our simulations indicated that each one point change in the TOPIX would have had an impact on the value of our equity portfolio of approximately ¥3.4 billion as of March 31, 2008 and approximately ¥3.4 billion as of March 31, 2007. These simulations analyze data for our entire equity portfolio. Therefore, it is important to note that the actual results may differ from our expectations because of the price fluctuations of individual holdings.

 

In addition, we monitor our equity portfolio closely and regularly evaluate the profitability of these strategic holdings based on our capital and overall returns from these investments.

 

Other Risk Management

 

Funding Liquidity Risk Management

 

Our financing capabilities are supported by a funding network based on the expansion of our domestic and overseas branches and customer base. We benefit from having one of the highest credit ratings among major Japanese banks. While we have established strong liquidity, we maintain liquidity risk countermeasures at all levels of our organization. These countermeasures include the oversight of yen and foreign currency risk, covering everything from daily management to emergency measures, as well as monthly reports to and deliberations within the Asset and Liability Management Committee. We strive to manage all aspects of the daily funding mechanism. We also strive to manage our funding sources using liquidity risk indices, such as liquidity gap, liquidity supplying products, such as commitment lines, and buffer assets.

 

In preparation for funding liquidity risk exposure, we have implemented contingency plans for each liquidity stage, such as “normal”, “concern”, and “crisis”, for yen and foreign currencies, which are designed to ensure that we can respond swiftly to sudden changes in the market, political or economic environments. To maintain proper checks and balances, the Corporate Risk Management Division also monitors liquidity risk and reports it independently to senior management.

 

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Settlement Risk Management

 

Settlement Risk occurs when we pay out funds externally before we receive payment from the counterparty to the transaction. It arises whenever the exchange of cash, securities and/or other assets is not simultaneous. Although risk is inherent in the fundamental banking function of settlement, banks generally have not been as aware of settlement risk as they have of other forms of risk because settlements have been the source of relatively few problems.

 

By its nature, settlement risk contains elements of credit risk, liquidity risk and operations risk, and corporate level control is necessary for these risks.

 

Settlement risk on many of our transactions is substantially mitigated through being effected via assured payment systems, or on a delivery-versus-payment / payment-versus-payment basis. For reducing foreign exchange settlement risk, we use Continuous Linked Settlement (CLS). We are a shareholder of CLS and also active participant in many industry initiatives to reduce settlement risks.

 

Legal/Regulatory Risk Management

 

To control legal risks, our internal procedures explicitly state important laws and regulations to be observed in our operations. We also have a system designed to obtain the opinions of legal specialists as needed. The Legal Office strives to manage our legal risk by studying and researching legal issues, formulating internal guidance, dealing with intellectual property-related issues, handling lawsuits and controlling and managing external lawyers.

 

Operations Risk Management

 

Operations risk is defined as the risk of incurring losses that might be caused by negligence of proper operational processing, or by incidents or misconduct by either officers or staffs. Operations Services Planning Division manages operations risk by having any operational incidents reported, analyzing causes, formulating and implementing proper preventive measures. We also maintain an operational incidents database which enables us to better evaluate and control operations risk through statistical analysis. Furthermore, we aim to secure the accuracy of our operations by strengthening operations procedures, reducing manual operations by introducing straight-through processing and working to enhance the skills and expertise of our staffs through continuous in-house training.

 

Information Security Risk Management

 

Information security risk is the risk of incurring tangible or intangible losses as a result of:

 

   

computer systems failure or malfunction impairing a bank’s ability to carry out its business and to provide customer services;

 

   

business operations being interrupted, or information being stolen, falsified or otherwise corrupted following unauthorized entry into a bank’s computer systems; or

 

   

information leakage due to any reason such as mishandling and malicious conduct.

 

To try to ensure that our systems operate reliably at all times, when developing information systems, we perform tests designed to prevent problems and have also implemented programs to rectify problems before they become more serious. In addition, we have established disaster response systems, prepared backups for all our infrastructural systems and run damage-limitation drills. The rapid development of information and communications technologies has brought a growing need for information protection. We attempt to prevent unauthorized entry to our systems and reduce information security risk by making our information management and security procedures more rigorous. The Information Security Management Committee meets semi-annually to discuss the management of information security risk.

 

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Operational Risk Management

 

We define operational risk as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, or from external events. This definition includes legal, strategic and reputational risk.

 

During fiscal year 1999, we introduced a framework of self-assessment designed to enable each business unit to identify and measure its own operational risk, and to plan and implement its own risk management measures. The Corporate Risk Management Division formulates the policy and standards for the framework. Under the framework, we define several operational risk categories and explore scenarios for each risk category, which would seriously affect our business and operations. Each business unit estimates the likely size and frequency of losses related to defined scenarios and scores its risk exposure for each risk category, based on the effectiveness of its risk management measures. The corporate center division that has overall responsibility for a risk category verifies the assessment conducted by each business unit, including risk scores for such risk category. Our overall operational risk is quantified by multiplying the risk scores by the applicable yen amount.

 

Compliance

 

We consider compliance to be one of the most important considerations in conducting our business. As such, we regularly review our compliance systems and seek enhancements throughout our organization.

 

In February 1998, we established a compliance system designed to ensure that the importance given to compliance issues by our management is thoroughly propagated. Important compliance issues are discussed by the Compliance Committee, which undertakes hearings and deliberations once every two months concerning various issues, including those relating to our compliance system and its status worldwide. In the event of a significant violation of law, the Compliance Committee takes steps to rectify the matter and issues recommendations.

 

The Compliance & Legal Division acts as the secretariat for the Compliance Committee and administers compliance issues on a company-wide basis. It is responsible for maintaining and updating our compliance manual and other codes or rules determined by our corporate principles, our internal regulations and all applicable laws and regulations. All of our employees are made familiar with the manual through internal training programs.

 

We also consult with external experts, such as lawyers and accountants, on the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of our compliance system.

 

Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the Ethical Framework and Code of Conduct of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., as the guiding principles for our basic corporate and ethical values.

 

Compliance Systems at Divisions, Offices and Branches

 

We have appointed compliance officers/liaison officers to enhance compliance in every division, office and branch in and outside of Japan. These officers hold training sessions in their own branches, implement quarterly checks on compliance using compliance checklists, and submit their reports to the Head Office compliance offices, including the Compliance & Legal Division. We aim to ensure implementation by later assessments conducted by the Internal Audit & Credit Examination Division. Each officer also draws up a practical compliance program to investigate compliance requirements, assess compliance risk and oversee compliance performance. The compliance program is also submitted to the Head Office compliance offices, including the Compliance & Legal Division for monitoring. The compliance officers are also in charge of reporting individual compliance issues to and seeking advice from the Head Office compliance offices, including the Compliance & Legal Division.

 

Each division monitors changes in laws that affect its work, and checks documents to ensure that there are no conflicts with our role as a public institution or with our role in society. The Compliance & Legal Division

 

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seeks to ensure rigorous bank-wide compliance by responding to requests for legality checks of important matters affecting our management and by maintaining an ongoing dialogue with the divisions on individual issues.

 

All of our affiliates within Japan have their own compliance systems designed for their particular lines of business. For our overseas affiliates, except for those with the UnionBanCal Corporation, compliance is managed within our own compliance system.

 

Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing

 

We recognize that one of our important missions is to prevent the use of our operations for criminal purposes, including money laundering or terrorist financing in violation of relevant sanctions. To prevent these and other illegal activities, we have implemented written policies and procedures containing internal controls and an operational process for identifying customers, preparing suspicious activity reports, and related employee training. These policies and procedures are implemented by an internal control system based upon our compliance system.

 

Internal Audit

 

The Internal Audit & Credit Examination Division engages in internal audits that contribute to maintaining the soundness of our business operations. It provides advice and recommendations on issues by independently examining and evaluating the appropriateness and effectiveness of our organization’s internal control systems, as well as our operational policies and procedures. Internal audits are performed in all business units, head offices and subsidiaries. The Internal Audit & Credit Examination Division is an independent group, and no limitation is placed upon it by other divisions or units.

 

After consideration of the types and degree of risks in the organization, as well as its management of such risks, the Internal Audit & Credit Examination Division formulates medium-term and fiscal year audit plans, which are approved by our board of directors on an annual basis.

 

Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities.

 

Not applicable.

 

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PART II

 

Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies.

 

None.

 

Item 14. Material Modifications of the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds.

 

None.

 

Item 15. Controls and Procedures.

 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

An evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, and Chief Financial Officer, or CFO, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 15d-15(e) under the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report.

 

Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2008.

 

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 15d-15(f) under the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, BTMU’s principal executive and principal financial officers, and effected by BTMU’s board of directors, management, and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with US GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that:

 

(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of BTMU;

 

(ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of BTMU are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of BTMU; and

 

(iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of BTMU’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting, no matter how well designed, may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

Our management evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2008 based on the criteria established in “Internal Control—Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on the evaluation, management has concluded that BTMU maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2008.

 

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of BTMU’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by BTMU’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit BTMU to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.

 

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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

During the period covered by this Annual Report, there has been no change in our internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal controls over financial reporting.

 

Since our merger with UFJ Bank, we have been integrating some of our operations with UFJ Bank’s operations. The integration of our existing systems into a new common IT system is scheduled to complete in December, 2008.

 

Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert.

 

Our board of corporate auditors has determined that Mr. Tatsunori Imagawa, Mr. Tsutomu Takasuka and Mr. Yoshiharu Hayakawa are “audit committee financial experts” as defined in Item 16A of Form 20-F. See “Item 6. C. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Board Practices” for a discussion of our board of corporate auditors.

 

Mr. Imagawa has served as General Manager of the New York Branch of the Mitsubishi Bank and General Manager of the Corporate Planning Division of the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd. He has also served as Deputy President of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. In those roles, he supervised and coordinated the preparation of financial statements and various financial reports filed with U.S. governmental authorities.

 

Mr. Takasuka has served as Corporate Auditor of the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd. since October 2004 and continued in that capacity after the merger that created Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ. He has spent most of his business career auditing Japanese corporations as a certified public accountant and has been a professor at Bunkyo Gakuin University since April 2004.

 

Mr. Hayakawa served as Corporate Auditor of UFJ Holdings, Inc. from June 2002 and continued in that capacity after the merger that created Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ. He has spent most of his business career advising Japanese corporations as a certified public accountant.

 

Mr. Takasuka and Mr. Hayakawa are each an “outside corporate auditor” under Japanese law, while Mr. Imagawa is not.

 

Item 16B. Code of Ethics.

 

The guiding principles for our basic corporate and ethical values are established by the Ethical Framework and Code of Conduct of our holding company, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. In addition, we have adopted compliance rules, a compliance manual and employee work rules. The Ethical Framework and Code of Conduct, as well as our compliance rules, compliance manual and employee work rules, applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer and persons performing similar functions.

 

Our compliance rules set forth the necessity of adherence to the Ethical Framework and Code of Conduct by our directors, executive officers and employees. These rules also set forth the roles and responsibilities of our employees, compliance officers, Compliance & Legal Division and others in the event of a breach of the compliance rules.

 

Our compliance manual was created to identify, and to promote compliance by our directors, executive officers and employees with, the relevant laws and regulations in conjunction with the Ethical Framework and Code of Conduct, our compliance rules and our employee work rules. This manual also sets forth the procedures regarding the handling of conflicts of interest for our directors and the promotion of conduct that meets the Ethical Framework and Code of Conduct and our compliance rules for employees.

 

Our employee work rules set forth, among other things, the consequences of our employees’ noncompliance with the relevant laws and regulations.

 

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A copy of the sections of the Ethical Framework and Code of Conduct, our compliance rules, our compliance manual and our employee work rules relating to the “code of ethics” (as defined in paragraph (b) of Item 16B. of Form 20-F) is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report. No amendments to those sections of the Ethical Framework and Code of Conduct, our compliance rules and our compliance manual have been made, and no waivers of the code of ethics, compliance rules and compliance manual have been granted to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, directors and corporate auditors, during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.

 

Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

 

Fees and Services of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu

 

The aggregate fees billed by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, our independent auditor, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008 are presented in the following table:

 

     2007    2008
     (in millions)

Audit fees

   ¥ 3,488    ¥ 3,351

Audit-related fees

     416      200

Tax fees

     194      186

All other fees

     161      66
             

Total

   ¥ 4,259    ¥ 3,803
             

 

The description of our fees billed for each category listed above is as follows:

 

Audit fees—Audit fees are primarily for annual audit of our financial statements, review of our semi-annual condensed financial statements, statutory audit of our financial statements, audits of our subsidiary financial statements and attestation services related to MUFG’s management assessment on the effectiveness of BTMU’s financial reporting controls as required for MUFG by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

 

Audit-related fees—Audit-related fees primarily include due diligence services, accounting consultations, agreed upon procedures on internal controls, employee benefit plan audits and advisory services relating to the implementation of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

 

Tax fees—Tax fees relate primarily to tax compliance, including assistance with preparation of tax return filings, tax advisory and tax planning services.

 

All other fees—All other fees primarily include agreed upon procedures related to advice on operational risk management, and to operational audits of our overseas branches.

 

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures for Services by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu

 

The board of corporate auditors of our holding company, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., performs the pre-approval function required by applicable SEC rules and regulations. Effective May 1, 2003, the board of corporate auditors of Mitsubishi Tokyo Financial Group, Inc. has established pre-approval policies and procedures that we and our subsidiaries must follow before engaging Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu to perform audit and permitted non-audit services.

 

When we or any of our subsidiaries intend to engage Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu to perform audit and permitted non-audit services, the relevant company must make an application for pre-approval on either a periodic or case-by-case basis.

 

   

Periodic application is an application for pre-approval made each fiscal year for services that are expected to be provided by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu during the next fiscal year.

 

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Case-by-case application is an application for pre-approval made on a case-by-case basis for services to be provided by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu that are not otherwise covered by the periodic application.

 

Pre-approval is resolved in principle by the board of corporate auditors prior to engagement, although if necessary any full-time corporate auditor of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. may consider any case-by-case application for pre-approval on behalf of his respective board of corporate auditors prior to the next scheduled meeting of the board of corporate auditors. Such decisions made individually by a full-time corporate auditor are reported to and ratified by the board of corporate auditors as appropriate at the next scheduled meeting.

 

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, approximately 0.4% of total fees were approved by the board of corporate auditors of our holding company, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., pursuant to Regulation S-X 2-01(c)(7)(i)(C).

 

Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees.

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers.

 

The issuer has not made any purchases of shares registered pursuant to section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.

 

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PART III

 

Item 17. Financial Statements.

 

In lieu of responding to this item, we have responded to Item 18 of this Annual Report.

 

Item 18. Financial Statements.

 

The information required by this item is set forth in our consolidated financial statements starting on page F-1 of this Annual Report.

 

Item 19. Exhibits.

 

Exhibit

   

Description

1 (a)   Articles of Incorporation of The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., as amended and restated on June 26, 2008. (English Translation)(1)
1 (b)   Regulations of the Board of Directors of The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., as amended on April 1, 2007. (English Translation)(4)
1 (c)   Regulations on Corporate Meetings of The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., as amended on January 12, 2007. (English Translation)(4)
1 (d)   Regulations on the Handling of Shares of The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., as amended and restated on June 26, 2008. (English Translation)(1)
2     Indenture dated as of February 25, 2000 between The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd. and The Chase Manhattan Bank.(2)
4 (a)   Agreement and Plan of Merger among UnionBanCal Corporation, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. and Merger Sub, dated as of August 18, 2008.(1)
8     Subsidiaries of the Company—see “Item 4.C. Information on the Company—Organizational Structure.”
11     Code of ethics of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. and compliance rules, compliance manual and employee work rules of The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. applicable to its directors and managing officers, including its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. (English translation of relevant sections)(3)
12     Certifications required by Rule 13a-14(a) (17 CFR 240.13a-14(a)) or Rule 15d-14(a) (17 CFR 240.15d-14(a)).(1)
13     Certifications required by Rule 13a-14(b) (17 CFR 240.13a-14(b)) or Rule 15d-14(b) (17 CFR 240.15d-14(b)) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. 1350).(1)

 

(1)   Filed herewith.
(2)   Incorporated by reference from our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on August 17, 2001.
(3)   Incorporated by reference from our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on September 28, 2006.
(4)   Incorporated by reference from our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on September 21, 2007.

 

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SELECTED STATISTICAL DATA

 

Due to close integration of our foreign and domestic activities, it is difficult to make a precise determination of the assets, liabilities, income and expenses of our foreign operations. The foreign operations as presented include the business conducted by overseas subsidiaries and branches, and the international business conducted by the several international banking related divisions headquartered in Japan. Our management believes that the results appropriately represent our domestic and foreign activities.

 

On October 1, 2005, Mitsubishi Tokyo Financial Group, Inc., or MTFG, the parent company of The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd., or BTM, merged with UFJ Holdings, Inc., or UFJ Holdings, the parent company of UFJ Bank Limited, or UFJ Bank, with MTFG being the surviving entity. Upon consummation of the merger, MTFG changed its name to Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc., or MUFG. The merger was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting, and the assets and liabilities of UFJ Holdings and its subsidiaries were recorded at fair value as of October 1, 2005. Therefore, although the merger of BTM with UFJ Bank occurred and BTM changed its name to The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., or BTMU, on January 1, 2006, the results of operations of UFJ Bank and its subsidiaries have been included in our consolidated financial statements since October 1, 2005. Numbers as of and for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2004 and 2005 reflect the financial position and results of BTM and its subsidiaries, or the BTM Group, only. Numbers as of March 31, 2006 reflect the financial position of BTMU and its subsidiaries, or the BTMU Group, while numbers for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 comprised the results of the BTM Group for the six months ended September 30, 2005 and the results of the BTMU Group from October 1, 2005 to March 31, 2006. Numbers as of and for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008 reflect the financial position and results of the BTMU Group. See note 2 to our consolidated financial statements for more information.

 

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Table of Contents

I.    Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Shareholder’s Equity; Interest Rates and Interest Differential

 

Average Balance Sheets, Interest and Average Rates

 

The following table shows our average balances, interest and average interest rates for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008. Average balances are generally based on a daily average while a month-end average is used for certain average balances when it is not practicable to obtain applicable daily averages. The average balances determined by such methods are considered to be representative of our operations.

 

    Fiscal years ended March 31,  
    2006     2007     2008  
    Average
balance
    Interest
income
  Average
rate
    Average
balance
    Interest
income
  Average
rate
    Average
balance
    Interest
income
  Average
rate
 
    (in millions, except percentages)  

Assets:

                 

Interest-earning assets:

                 

Interest-earning deposits in other banks:

                 

Domestic

  ¥ 401,012     ¥ 5,802   1.45 %   ¥ 604,285     ¥ 17,331   2.87 %   ¥ 600,790     ¥ 27,575   4.59 %

Foreign

    3,761,273       127,631   3.39       5,049,452       214,196   4.24       6,523,812       211,268   3.24  
                                               

Total

    4,162,285       133,433   3.21       5,653,737       231,527   4.10       7,124,602       238,843   3.35  
                                               

Call loans, funds sold, and receivables under resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions:

                 

Domestic

    2,502,530       10,120   0.40       2,396,206       13,469   0.56       3,269,041       23,927   0.73  

Foreign

    1,043,562       39,598   3.79       725,304       35,470   4.89       683,028       30,199   4.42  
                                               

Total

    3,546,092       49,718   1.40       3,121,510       48,939   1.57       3,952,069       54,126   1.37  
                                               

Trading account assets:

                 

Domestic

    2,606,875       13,621   0.52       1,851,649       6,150   0.33       1,679,493       3,185   0.19  

Foreign

    1,363,448       8,706   0.64       887,993       11,697   1.32       1,098,673       6,682   0.61  
                                               

Total

    3,970,323       22,327   0.56       2,739,642       17,847   0.65       2,778,166       9,867   0.36  
                                               

Investment securities(1):

                 

Domestic

    29,196,811       147,427   0.50       33,771,033       249,303   0.74       29,056,207       279,046   0.96  

Foreign

    7,024,077       270,808   3.86       9,212,441       396,028   4.30       10,454,133       488,122   4.67  
                                               

Total

    36,220,888       418,235   1.15       42,983,474       645,331   1.50       39,510,340       767,168   1.94  
                                               

Loans(2):

                 

Domestic

    51,961,255       1,030,720   1.98       69,908,055       1,591,928   2.28       68,233,464       1,560,647   2.29  

Foreign

    12,162,516       594,876   4.89       16,325,304       908,788   5.57       19,714,165       1,063,171   5.39  
                                               

Total

    64,123,771       1,625,596   2.54       86,233,359       2,500,716   2.90       87,947,629       2,623,818   2.98  
                                               

Total interest-earning assets:

                 

Domestic

    86,668,483       1,207,690   1.39       108,531,228       1,878,181   1.73       102,838,995       1,894,380   1.84  

Foreign

    25,354,876       1,041,619   4.11       32,200,494       1,566,179   4.86       38,473,811       1,799,442   4.68  
                                               

Total

    112,023,359       2,249,309   2.01       140,731,722       3,444,360   2.45       141,312,806       3,693,822   2.61  
                                               

Non-interest-earning assets:

                 

Cash and due from banks

    7,314,265           2,895,889           2,651,136      

Other non-interest-earning assets

    14,310,978           11,503,436           12,589,182      

Allowance for credit losses

    (1,022,606 )         (944,825 )         (1,025,166 )    
                                   

Total non-interest-earning assets

    20,602,637           13,454,500           14,215,152      
                                   

Total assets from discontinued operations

    209,137           22,040                
                                   

Total assets

  ¥ 132,835,133         ¥ 154,208,262         ¥ 155,527,958      
                                   

 

Notes:

(1)   Tax-exempt income of tax-exempt investment securities has not been calculated on a tax equivalent basis because the effect of such calculation would not be material.
(2)   Average balances on loans outstanding include all nonaccrual and restructured loans. See “III. Loan Portfolio.” The amortized portion of net loan origination fees (costs) is included in interest income on loans, representing an adjustment to the yields with insignificant impact.

 

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Table of Contents
    Fiscal years ended March 31,  
    2006     2007     2008  
    Average
balance
  Interest
expense
  Average
rate
    Average
balance
  Interest
expense
  Average
rate
    Average
balance
  Interest
expense
  Average
rate
 
    (in millions, except percentages)  

Liabilities and shareholder’s equity:

                 

Interest-bearing liabilities:

                 

Deposits:

                 

Domestic

  ¥ 59,247,290   ¥ 94,636   0.16 %   ¥ 78,889,013   ¥ 246,646   0.31 %   ¥ 80,663,513   ¥ 377,291   0.47 %

Foreign

    11,277,280     299,355   2.65       13,639,770     509,757   3.74       17,108,165     612,738   3.58  
                                         

Total

    70,524,570     393,991   0.56       92,528,783     756,403   0.82       97,771,678     990,029   1.01  
                                         

Call money, funds purchased, and payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions:

                 

Domestic

    6,546,589     87,197   1.33       7,723,369     117,131   1.52       7,604,046     139,355   1.83  

Foreign

    1,265,637     36,166   2.86       771,547     39,025   5.06       1,087,377     40,483   3.72  
                                         

Total

    7,812,226     123,363   1.58       8,494,916     156,156   1.84       8,691,423     179,838   2.07  
                                         

Other short-term borrowings and trading account liabilities:

                 

Domestic

    10,203,590     11,733   0.11       4,484,224     17,466   0.39       2,362,779     14,497   0.61  

Foreign

    1,674,562     53,740   3.21       1,770,833     91,798   5.18       1,936,199     100,807   5.21  
                                         

Total

    11,878,152     65,473   0.55       6,255,057     109,264   1.75       4,298,978     115,304   2.68  
                                         

Long-term debt:

                 

Domestic

    6,099,464     96,815   1.59       8,576,612     137,914   1.61       8,654,670     154,745   1.79  

Foreign

    1,759,528     49,120   2.79       3,221,938     119,475   3.71       3,403,181     139,383   4.10  
                                         

Total

    7,858,992     145,935   1.86       11,798,550     257,389   2.18       12,057,851     294,128   2.44  
                                         

Total interest-bearing liabilities:

                 

Domestic

    82,096,933     290,381   0.35       99,673,218     519,157   0.52       99,285,008     685,888   0.69  

Foreign

    15,977,007     438,381   2.74       19,404,088     760,055   3.92       23,534,922     893,411   3.80  
                                         

Total

    98,073,940     728,762   0.74       119,077,306     1,279,212   1.07       122,819,930     1,579,299   1.29  
                                         

Non-interest-bearing liabilities

    29,122,962         26,631,421         24,646,211    
                             

Total liabilities from discontinued operations

    153,217         17,644            
                             

Total shareholder’s equity

    5,485,014         8,481,891         8,061,817    
                             

Total liabilities and shareholder’s equity

  ¥ 132,835,133       ¥ 154,208,262       ¥ 155,527,958    
                             

Net interest income and interest rate spread

    ¥ 1,520,547   1.27 %     ¥ 2,165,148   1.38 %     ¥ 2,114,523   1.32 %
                                         

Net interest income as a percentage of total interest-earning assets

      1.36 %       1.54 %       1.50 %
                             

 

The percentage of total average assets attributable to foreign activities was 21.9%, 23.2% and 27.1%, respectively, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008.

 

The percentage of total average liabilities attributable to foreign activities was 22.4%, 23.8% and 28.1%, respectively, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008.

 

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Table of Contents

Analysis of Net Interest Income

 

The following table shows changes in our net interest income between changes in volume and changes in rate for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 and the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007.

 

     Fiscal year ended March 31, 2006
versus
fiscal year ended March 31, 2007
    Fiscal year ended March 31, 2007
versus
fiscal year ended March 31, 2008
 
     Increase (decrease)
due to changes in
          Increase (decrease)
due to changes in
       
       Volume(1)         Rate(1)         Net change         Volume(1)         Rate(1)         Net change    
     (in millions)  

Interest income:

            

Interest-earning deposits in other banks:

            

Domestic

   ¥ 3,924     ¥ 7,605     ¥ 11,529     ¥ (100 )   ¥ 10,344     ¥ 10,244  

Foreign

     50,030       36,535       86,565       47,746       (50,674 )     (2,928 )
                                                

Total

     53,954       44,140       98,094       47,646       (40,330 )     7,316  
                                                

Call loans, funds sold, and receivables under resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions:

            

Domestic

     (430 )     3,779       3,349       5,716       4,742       10,458  

Foreign

     (12,076 )     7,948       (4,128 )     (1,942 )     (3,329 )     (5,271 )
                                                

Total

     (12,506 )     11,727       (779 )     3,774       1,413       5,187  
                                                

Trading account assets:

            

Domestic

     (3,106 )     (4,365 )     (7,471 )     (356 )     (2,609 )     (2,965 )

Foreign

     (3,036 )     6,027       2,991       1,281       (6,296 )     (5,015 )
                                                

Total

     (6,142 )     1,662       (4,480 )     925       (8,905 )     (7,980 )
                                                

Investment securities(2):

            

Domestic

     25,799       76,077       101,876       (34,806 )     64,549       29,743  

Foreign

     91,458       33,762       125,220       56,184       35,910       92,094  
                                                

Total

     117,257       109,839       227,096       21,378       100,459       121,837  
                                                

Loans:

            

Domestic

     392,879       168,329       561,208       (38,133 )     6,852       (31,281 )

Foreign

     223,643       90,269       313,912       182,759       (28,376 )     154,383  
                                                

Total

     616,522       258,598       875,120       144,626       (21,524 )     123,102  
                                                

Total interest income:

            

Domestic

     419,066       251,425       670,491       (67,679 )     83,878       16,199  

Foreign

     350,019       174,541       524,560       286,028       (52,765 )     233,263  
                                                

Total

   ¥ 769,085     ¥ 425,966     ¥ 1,195,051     ¥ 218,349     ¥ 31,113     ¥ 249,462  
                                                

 

Notes:

(1)   Volume/rate variance is allocated based on the percentage relationship of changes in volume and changes in rate to the total “net change.”
(2)   Tax-exempt income of tax-exempt investment securities has not been calculated on a tax equivalent basis because the effect of such calculation would not be material.

 

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Table of Contents
     Fiscal year ended March 31, 2006
versus
fiscal year ended March 31, 2007
   Fiscal year ended March 31, 2007
versus
fiscal year ended March 31, 2008
 
     Increase (decrease)
due to changes in
         Increase (decrease)
due to changes in
       
     Volume(1)     Rate(1)     Net change    Volume(1)     Rate(1)     Net change  
     (in millions)  

Interest expense:

             

Deposits:

             

Domestic

   ¥ 39,100     ¥ 112,910     ¥ 152,010    ¥ 5,667     ¥ 124,978     ¥ 130,645  

Foreign

     71,392       139,010       210,402      124,222       (21,241 )     102,981  
                                               

Total

     110,492       251,920       362,412      129,889       103,737       233,626  
                                               

Call money, funds purchased, and payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions:

             

Domestic

     16,901       13,033       29,934      (1,810 )     24,034       22,224  

Foreign

     (14,119 )     16,978       2,859      11,758       (10,300 )     1,458  
                                               

Total

     2,782       30,011       32,793      9,948       13,734       23,682  
                                               

Other short-term borrowings and trading account liabilities:

             

Domestic

     (6,577 )     12,310       5,733      (8,263 )     5,294       (2,969 )

Foreign

     3,252       34,806       38,058      8,608       401       9,009  
                                               

Total

     (3,325 )     47,116       43,791      345       5,695       6,040  
                                               

Long-term debt:

             

Domestic

     39,817       1,282       41,099      1,266       15,565       16,831  

Foreign

     50,433       19,922       70,355      6,967       12,941       19,908  
                                               

Total

     90,250       21,204       111,454      8,233       28,506       36,739  
                                               

Total interest expense:

             

Domestic

     89,241       139,535       228,776      (3,140 )     169,871       166,731  

Foreign

     110,958       210,716       321,674      151,555       (18,199 )     133,356  
                                               

Total

   ¥ 200,199     ¥ 350,251     ¥ 550,450    ¥ 148,415     ¥ 151,672     ¥ 300,087  
                                               

Net interest income:

             

Domestic

   ¥ 329,825     ¥ 111,890     ¥ 441,715    ¥ (64,539 )   ¥ (85,993 )   ¥ (150,532 )

Foreign

     239,061       (36,175 )     202,886      134,473       (34,566 )     99,907  
                                               

Total

   ¥ 568,886     ¥ 75,715     ¥ 644,601    ¥ 69,934     ¥ (120,559 )   ¥ (50,625 )
                                               

 

Note:

(1)   Volume/rate variance is allocated based on the percentage relationship of changes in volume and changes in rate to the total “net change.”

 

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II.    Investment Portfolio

 

The following table shows information as to the value of our investment securities available for sale and being held to maturity at March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008:

 

    At March 31,  
    2006     2007     2008  
    Amortized
cost
  Estimated
fair
value
  Net
unrealized
gains
(losses)
    Amortized
cost
  Estimated
fair
value
  Net
unrealized
gains
(losses)
    Amortized
cost
  Estimated
fair
value
  Net
unrealized
gains
(losses)
 
    (in millions)  

Securities available for sale:

                 

Domestic:

                 

Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds

  ¥ 21,922,264   ¥ 21,922,541   ¥ 277     ¥ 18,583,336   ¥ 18,615,441   ¥ 32,105     ¥ 13,453,493   ¥ 13,482,892   ¥ 29,399  

Corporate bonds

    4,230,272     4,259,825     29,553       4,408,436     4,489,588     81,152       3,848,428     3,941,942     93,514  

Marketable equity securities

    3,528,185     6,377,443     2,849,258       3,419,713     6,500,329     3,080,616       3,198,728     4,777,879     1,579,151  

Other securities

    291,950     292,219     269       275,062     276,925     1,863       215,049     220,385     5,336  
                                                           

Total domestic

    29,972,671     32,852,028     2,879,357       26,686,547     29,882,283     3,195,736       20,715,698     22,423,098     1,707,400  
                                                           

Foreign:

                 

U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agencies bonds

    933,613     937,624     4,011       2,009,740     2,024,465     14,725       1,327,828     1,333,716     5,888  

Other governments and official institutions bonds

    815,152     826,940     11,788       1,115,086     1,168,044     52,958       1,200,954     1,223,575     22,621  

Mortgage-backed securities

    2,539,850     2,604,677     64,827       2,614,577     2,677,096     62,519       3,356,996     3,355,793     (1,203 )

Other securities

    2,346,977     2,464,182     117,205       3,629,185     3,838,248     209,063       4,071,192     4,040,742     (30,450 )
                                                           

Total foreign

    6,635,592     6,833,423     197,831       9,368,588     9,707,853     339,265       9,956,970     9,953,826     (3,144 )
                                                           

Total

  ¥ 36,608,263   ¥ 39,685,451   ¥ 3,077,188     ¥ 36,055,135   ¥ 39,590,136   ¥ 3,535,001     ¥ 30,672,668   ¥ 32,376,924   ¥ 1,704,256  
                                                           

Securities being held to maturity:

                 

Domestic:

                 

Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds

  ¥ 2,052,541   ¥ 2,037,805   ¥ (14,736 )   ¥ 2,053,629   ¥ 2,046,521   ¥ (7,108 )   ¥ 1,824,929   ¥ 1,826,213   ¥ 1,284  

Other securities

    1,260     1,257     (3 )     1,027     1,027           1,027     1,027      
                                                           

Total domestic

    2,053,801     2,039,062     (14,739 )     2,054,656     2,047,548     (7,108 )     1,825,956     1,827,240     1,284  
                                                           

Foreign:

                 

U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agencies bonds

    5,160     5,482     322       4,404     4,745     341       4,592     5,256     664  

Other governments and official institutions bonds

    5,079     4,992     (87 )     6,691     6,663     (28 )     5,010     5,010      

Other securities

    52,606     52,602     (4 )     41,203     41,779     576       22,422     23,095     673  
                                                           

Total foreign

    62,845     63,076     231       52,298     53,187     889       32,024     33,361     1,337  
                                                           

Total

  ¥ 2,116,646   ¥ 2,102,138   ¥ (14,508 )   ¥ 2,106,954   ¥ 2,100,735   ¥ (6,219 )   ¥ 1,857,980   ¥ 1,860,601   ¥ 2,621  
                                                           

 

Nonmarketable equity securities presented in Other investment securities in the consolidated financial statements were primarily carried at costs of ¥721,237 million, ¥552,775 million and ¥466,590 million, at March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The corresponding estimated fair values at those dates were not readily determinable. Investment securities held by certain subsidiaries subject to specialized industry accounting principles in AICPA Guides presented in Other investment securities were carried at fair value of ¥6,248 million, ¥6,872 million and ¥10,654 million at March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

 

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The following table presents the book values, maturities and weighted average yields of investment securities available for sale and being held to maturity, excluding equity securities, at March 31, 2008. Weighted average yields are calculated based on amortized cost. Yields on tax-exempt obligations have not been calculated on a tax equivalent basis because the effect of such calculation would not be material:

 

    Maturities within
one year
    Maturities after
one year but
within five years
    Maturities after
five years but
within ten years
    Maturities after
ten years
    Total  
    Amount   Yield     Amount   Yield     Amount   Yield     Amount   Yield     Amount   Yield  
    (in millions, except percentages)  

Securities available for sale:

                   

Domestic:

                   

Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds

  ¥ 6,515,644   0.12 %   ¥ 1,926,550   1.27 %   ¥ 2,893,872   1.43 %   ¥ 2,146,826   1.30 %   ¥ 13,482,892   0.75 %

Corporate bonds

    495,473   0.86       2,640,332   1.11       772,173   1.31       33,964   1.43       3,941,942   1.12  

Other securities

    8,734   1.07       84,695   1.16       116,515   1.63       10,441   1.67       220,385   1.42  
                                                           

Total domestic

    7,019,851   0.17       4,651,577   1.18       3,782,560   1.41       2,191,231   1.30       17,645,219   0.84  
                                                           

Foreign:

                   

U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agencies bonds

    111,693   4.61       1,148,886   3.33       71,339   3.45       1,798   9.09       1,333,716   3.45  

Other governments and official institutions bonds

    283,461   2.40       509,660   3.87       381,625   3.91       48,829   4.39       1,223,575   3.56  

Mortgage-backed securities

    112   5.93       5,387   5.22       231,096   4.32       3,119,198   5.04       3,355,793   4.99  

Other securities

    96,771   3.57       783,174   3.69       870,552   4.77       1,969,307   4.77       3,719,804   4.51  
                                                           

Total foreign

    492,037   3.13       2,447,107   3.56       1,554,612   4.44       5,139,132   4.93       9,632,888   4.41  
                                                           

Total

  ¥ 7,511,888   0.36 %   ¥ 7,098,684   2.00 %   ¥ 5,337,172   2.31 %   ¥ 7,330,363   3.84 %   ¥ 27,278,107   2.11 %
                                                           

Securities being held to maturity:

                   

Domestic:

                   

Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds

  ¥ 1,310,286   0.58 %   ¥ 460,346   0.76 %   ¥ 17,792   0.89 %   ¥ 36,505   1.33 %   ¥ 1,824,929   0.65 %

Other securities

    30   0.10                       997   2.24       1,027   2.18  
                                                           

Total domestic

    1,310,316   0.58       460,346   0.76       17,792   0.89       37,502   1.36       1,825,956   0.65  
                                                           

Foreign:

                   

U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agencies bonds

    569   0.00                       4,023   7.08       4,592   6.21  

Other governments and official institutions bonds

    2,004   6.01       3,006   4.76                       5,010   5.26  

Other securities

    4,957   3.71       4,504   3.81       12,961   1.80               22,422   2.62  
                                                           

Total foreign

    7,530   4.04       7,510   4.19       12,961   1.80       4,023   7.08       32,024   3.55  
                                                           

Total

  ¥ 1,317,846   0.60 %   ¥ 467,856   0.82 %   ¥ 30,753   1.27 %   ¥ 41,525   1.91 %   ¥ 1,857,980   0.70 %
                                                           

 

Excluding U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agencies bonds and Japanese national government bonds, the following table sets forth the securities of individual issuers held in our investment securities portfolio which exceeded 10% of our consolidated total shareholder’s equity at March 31, 2008.

 

     Amortized
cost
   Estimated
fair value
     (in millions)

Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Federal National Mortgage Association

   ¥ 1,752,840    ¥ 1,752,592

Mortgage-backed securities issued by Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation

   ¥ 1,490,522    ¥ 1,489,556

 

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III.    Loan Portfolio

 

The following table shows our loans outstanding, before deduction of allowance for credit losses, by domicile and type of industry of borrower at March 31 of each of the five fiscal years ended March 31, 2008. Classification of loans by industry is based on the industry segment loan classification as defined by the Bank of Japan for regulatory reporting purposes and is not necessarily based on use of proceeds:

 

     At March 31,  
     2004     2005     2006    2007(4)     2008  
     (in millions)  

Domestic(1):

           

Manufacturing

   ¥ 4,720,662     ¥ 5,303,578     ¥ 9,370,665    ¥ 9,600,707     ¥ 9,906,435  

Construction

     852,041       831,208       1,827,649      1,689,817       1,601,740  

Real estate

     4,254,094       4,699,944       7,520,499      6,676,027       6,605,035  

Services

     3,892,488       3,159,189       5,920,774      6,063,212       5,725,714  

Wholesale and retail

     4,364,233       4,567,185       8,947,726      8,545,484       8,547,271  

Banks and other financial institutions(2)

     1,677,985       2,365,630       4,355,655      3,309,837       3,548,490  

Communication and information services

     655,104       609,591       1,032,409      1,002,494       962,793  

Other industries

     4,761,195       5,352,369       9,952,436      9,183,100       9,390,295  

Consumer

     6,477,777       6,834,848       21,697,160      22,490,433       22,650,762  
                                       

Total domestic

     31,655,579       33,723,542       70,624,973      68,561,111       68,938,535  
                                       

Foreign:

           

Governments and official institutions

     178,402       209,060       329,227      371,585       315,418  

Banks and other financial institutions(2)

     904,841       780,666       1,037,765      1,618,772       2,020,967  

Commercial and industrial

     6,096,893       7,394,212       11,602,004      13,256,465       15,998,837  

Other

     954,285       1,163,369       2,228,878      2,363,827       2,586,770  
                                       

Total foreign

     8,134,421       9,547,307       15,197,874      17,610,649       20,921,992  
                                       

Total

     39,790,000       43,270,849       85,822,847      86,171,760       89,860,527  

Unearned income, unamortized premiums—net and deferred loan fees—net

     (27,096 )     (16,893 )     13,426      (47,694 )     (80,696 )
                                       

Total(3)

   ¥ 39,762,904     ¥ 43,253,956     ¥ 85,836,273    ¥ 86,124,066     ¥ 89,779,831  
                                       

 

Notes:

(1)   Since the credit administration system was upgraded, a precise breakdown of the balance of consumer loans by the type of proprietor business became available. As a result, the consumer balances at March 31, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 do not include those loans to individuals who utilize loan proceeds to finance their proprietor activities and not for their personal financing needs. The balances at March 31, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 were reclassified accordingly.
(2)   Loans to the so-called non-bank finance companies are generally included in the “Banks and other financial institutions” category. Non-bank finance companies are primarily engaged in consumer lending, factoring and credit card businesses.
(3)   The above table includes loans held for sale of ¥9,960 million, ¥33,246 million, ¥41,682 million, ¥87,086 million and ¥469,788 million at March 31, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively, which are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value.

 

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Table of Contents
(4)   Classification of loans by industry at March 31, 2007 has been restated as follows:

 

     At March 31, 2007  
     As previously
reported
    As restated  
     (in millions)  

Domestic:

    

Manufacturing

   ¥ 9,600,707     ¥ 9,600,707  

Construction

     1,689,817       1,689,817  

Real estate

     6,676,103       6,676,027  

Services

     6,048,175       6,063,212  

Wholesale and retail

     8,545,782       8,545,484  

Banks and other financial institutions

     3,142,516       3,309,837  

Communication and information services

     966,951       1,002,494  

Other industries

     9,319,135       9,183,100  

Consumer

     22,566,073       22,490,433  
                

Total domestic

     68,555,259       68,561,111  
                

Foreign:

    

Governments and official institutions

     371,585       371,585  

Banks and other financial institutions

     1,532,750       1,618,772  

Commercial and industrial

     13,285,579       13,256,465  

Other

     2,426,587       2,363,827  
                

Total foreign

     17,616,501       17,610,649  
                

Total

     86,171,760       86,171,760  

Unearned income, unamortized premiums—net and deferred loan fees—net

     (47,694 )     (47,694 )
                

Total

   ¥ 86,124,066     ¥ 86,124,066  
                

 

Maturities and Sensitivities of Loans to Changes in Interest Rates

 

The following table shows the maturities of our loan portfolio at March 31, 2008:

 

     Maturity
     One year or less    One to five years    Over five years    Total
     (in millions)

Domestic:

           

Manufacturing

   ¥ 7,009,246    ¥ 2,483,845    ¥ 413,344    ¥ 9,906,435

Construction

     1,044,724      494,385      62,631      1,601,740

Real estate

     2,627,308      2,555,933      1,421,794      6,605,035

Services

     2,543,665      2,465,109      716,940      5,725,714

Wholesale and retail

     6,001,165      2,226,202      319,904      8,547,271

Banks and other financial institutions

     1,839,158      1,545,498      163,834      3,548,490

Communication and information services

     500,142      416,712      45,939      962,793

Other industries

     6,924,586      1,639,293      826,416      9,390,295

Consumer

     2,388,334      4,157,754      16,104,674      22,650,762
                           

Total domestic

     30,878,328      17,984,731      20,075,476      68,938,535

Foreign

     9,712,450      7,104,577      4,104,965      20,921,992
                           

Total

   ¥ 40,590,778    ¥ 25,089,308    ¥ 24,180,441    ¥ 89,860,527
                           

 

The above loans due after one year which had predetermined interest rates and floating or adjustable interest rates at March 31, 2008 are shown below.

 

     Domestic    Foreign    Total
     (in millions)

Predetermined rate

   ¥ 17,141,585    ¥ 1,670,379    ¥ 18,811,964

Floating or adjustable rate

     20,918,622      9,539,163      30,457,785
                    

Total

   ¥ 38,060,207    ¥ 11,209,542    ¥ 49,269,749
                    

 

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Nonaccrual, Past Due and Restructured Loans

 

We generally discontinue the accrual of interest income on loans when substantial doubt exists as to the full and timely collection of either principal or interest, or when principal or interest is contractually past due one month or more with respect to loans of us and certain domestic subsidiaries, and 90 days or more with respect to loans of certain foreign subsidiaries.

 

The following table shows the distribution of our nonaccrual loans, restructured loans and accruing loans which are contractually past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest payments at March 31 of each of the five fiscal years ended March 31, 2008, based on the domicile and type of industry of the borrowers:

 

    At March 31,
    2004   2005   2006   2007   2008
    (in millions)

Nonaccrual loans:

         

Domestic(1):

         

Manufacturing

  ¥ 100,422   ¥ 79,113   ¥ 106,024   ¥ 80,894   ¥ 108,326

Construction

    43,496     39,741     36,138     43,170     44,210

Real estate

    177,676     135,957     177,293     138,685     161,627

Services

    53,717     108,209     60,790     133,959     135,859

Wholesale and retail

    89,860     77,620     126,148     126,554     152,869

Banks and other financial institutions

    15,810     4,364     15,793     10,184     4,324

Communication and information services

    5,392     11,598     13,028     22,032     43,238

Other industries

    14,505     13,657     24,105     120,406     33,007

Consumer

    62,723     52,654     303,738     284,028     303,553
                             

Total domestic

    563,601     522,913     863,057     959,912     987,013
                             

Foreign:

         

Governments and official institutions

    877     455     38     32     31

Banks and other financial institutions

    84,623     45,091     33,214     3,233     2,793

Commercial and industrial

    127,333     52,942     29,217     34,330     111,852

Other

    13,942     8,252     96     1,388     1,441
                             

Total foreign

    226,775     106,740     62,565     38,983     116,117
                             

Total

  ¥ 790,376   ¥ 629,653   ¥ 925,622   ¥ 998,895   ¥ 1,103,130
                             

Restructured loans:

         

Domestic

  ¥ 381,063   ¥ 343,557   ¥ 829,747   ¥ 471,310   ¥ 431,416

Foreign

    45,739     21,729     74,142     40,239     22,749
                             

Total

  ¥ 426,802   ¥ 365,286   ¥ 903,889   ¥ 511,549   ¥ 454,165
                             

Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more:

         

Domestic

  ¥ 11,092   ¥ 9,232   ¥ 20,269   ¥ 19,488   ¥ 13,508

Foreign

    887     878     1,112     1,821     2,998
                             

Total

  ¥ 11,979   ¥ 10,110   ¥ 21,381   ¥ 21,309   ¥ 16,506
                             

Total

  ¥ 1,229,157   ¥ 1,005,049   ¥ 1,850,892   ¥ 1,531,753   ¥ 1,573,801
                             

 

Note:

(1)   Since the credit administration system was upgraded, a precise breakdown of the balance of consumer loans by the type of proprietor business became available. As a result, the consumer balances at March 31, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 do not include those loans to individuals who utilize loan proceeds to finance their proprietor activities and not for their personal financing needs. The balances at March 31, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 were reclassified accordingly.

 

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Gross interest income which would have been accrued at the original terms on domestic nonaccrual and restructured loans outstanding during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was approximately ¥83.6 billion, of which ¥60.1 billion was included in the results of operations for the fiscal year. Gross interest income which would have been accrued at the original terms on foreign nonaccrual and restructured loans outstanding for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was approximately ¥5.1 billion, of which ¥5.2 billion was included in the results of operations for the fiscal year.

 

Foreign Loans Outstanding

 

We had no cross-border outstandings to borrowers in any foreign country in which total exceeded 0.75% of consolidated total assets at March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008. Cross-border outstandings are defined, for this purpose, as loans (including accrued interest), acceptances, interest-earning deposits with other banks, other interest-earning investments and any other monetary assets denominated in Japanese yen or other non-local currencies. Material local currency loans outstanding which are neither hedged nor funded by local currency borrowings are included in cross-border outstandings.

 

Guarantees of outstandings of borrowers of other countries are considered to be outstandings of the guarantor. Loans made to, or deposits placed with, a branch of a foreign bank located outside the foreign bank’s home country are considered to be loans to, or deposits with, the foreign bank. Outstandings of a country do not include principal or interest amounts of which are supported by written, legally enforceable guarantees by guarantors of other countries or the amounts of outstandings to the extent that they are secured by tangible, liquid collateral held and realizable by us and our subsidiaries outside the country in which they operate.

 

In addition to credit risk, cross-border outstandings are subject to country risk that as a result of political or economic conditions in a country, borrowers may be unable or unwilling to pay principal and interest according to contractual terms. Other risks related to cross-border outstandings include the possibility of insufficient foreign exchange and restrictions on its availability.

 

In order to manage country risk, we establish various risk management measures internally. Among other things, we regularly monitor economic conditions and other factors globally and assess country risk in each country where we have cross-border exposure. For purposes of monitoring and controlling the amount of credit exposed to country risk, we set a country limit, the maximum amount of credit exposure for an individual country, in consideration of the level of country risk and our ability to bear such potential risk. We also determine our credit policy for each country in accordance with our country risk level and our business plan with regard to the country. Assessment of country risk, establishment of country limits, and determination of country credit policies are subject to review and approval by our senior management and are updated periodically.

 

Loan Concentrations

 

At March 31, 2008, there were no concentrations of loans to a single industry group of borrowers, as defined by the Bank of Japan industry segment loan classifications, which exceeded 10% of our consolidated total loans, except for loans in a category disclosed in the table of loans outstanding above.

 

Credit Risk Management

 

We have a credit rating system, under which borrowers and transactions are graded on a worldwide basis. We calculate probability of default by statistical means and manage our credit portfolio based on this credit rating system. For a detailed description of this system and other elements of our risk management structure, see “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Credit, Market and Other Risk—Credit Risk Management.”

 

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Table of Contents

IV.    Summary of Loan Loss Experience

 

The following table shows an analysis of our loan loss experience by type of borrowers’ business for each of the five fiscal years ended March 31, 2008:

 

    Fiscal years ended March 31,  
    2004     2005     2006     2007     2008  
    (in millions, except percentages)  

Allowance for credit losses at beginning of fiscal year

  ¥ 1,058,633     ¥ 649,339     ¥ 567,651     ¥ 912,997     ¥ 993,527  

Additions resulting from the merger with UFJ Bank(1)

                279,158              

Provision (credit) for credit losses

    (142,617 )     123,945       163,416       341,570       407,238  

Charge-offs(2):

         

Domestic:

         

Manufacturing

    17,181       67,917       6,972       26,986       41,454  

Construction

    31,226       6,729       5,999       18,880       23,939  

Real estate

    56,456       33,772       15,296       12,000       11,730  

Services

    16,544       7,783       19,118       24,504       39,016  

Wholesale and retail

    39,873       25,185       14,834       43,111       69,846  

Banks and other financial institutions

    1,123       8,920       701       1,789       8,824  

Communication and information services

    2,256       1,265       2,621       16,322       21,521  

Other industries

    6,012       4,569       2,643       4,439       9,781  

Consumer

    36,236       25,393       48,539       136,386       137,447  
                                       

Total domestic

    206,907       181,533       116,723       284,417       363,558  

Total foreign

    70,558       51,772       10,402       13,840       6,283  
                                       

Total

    277,465       233,305       127,125       298,257       369,841  
                                       

Recoveries:

         

Domestic

    11,337       14,284       3,179       28,171       23,755  

Foreign

    18,699       9,575       16,190       4,840       2,039  
                                       

Total

    30,036       23,859       19,369       33,011       25,794  
                                       

Net charge-offs

    247,429       209,446       107,756       265,246       344,047  

Others(3)

    (19,248 )     3,813       10,528       4,206       (5,980 )
                                       

Allowance for credit losses at end of fiscal year

  ¥ 649,339     ¥ 567,651     ¥ 912,997     ¥ 993,527     ¥ 1,050,738  
                                       

Allowance for credit losses applicable to foreign activities:

         

Balance at beginning of fiscal year

  ¥ 226,612     ¥ 194,707     ¥ 86,481     ¥ 117,984     ¥ 100,234  
                                       

Balance at end of fiscal year

  ¥ 194,707     ¥ 86,481     ¥ 117,984     ¥ 100,234     ¥ 135,241  
                                       

Provision (credit) for credit losses

  ¥ 32,049     ¥ (68,853 )   ¥ 607     ¥ (12,896 )   ¥ 46,430  
                                       

Ratio of net charge-offs during the fiscal year to average loans outstanding during the fiscal year

    0.61 %     0.49 %     0.17 %     0.31 %     0.39 %

 

Notes:  
(1)   Additions resulting from the merger with UFJ Bank represent the allowance for credit losses for acquired loans outside the scope of SOP 03-3. The allowance for credit losses on loans within the scope of SOP 03-3 was not carried over.
(2)   Since the credit administration system was upgraded, a precise breakdown of Charge-offs of consumer loans by the type of proprietor business became available. As a result, Charge-offs of consumer loans at March 31, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 do not include charge-offs of loans to individuals who utilize loan proceeds to finance their proprietor activities and not for their personal financing needs. Charge-offs at March 31, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 were reclassified accordingly.
(3)   Others primarily include foreign exchange translation and discontinued operations adjustments.

 

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The following table shows an allocation of our allowance for credit losses at March 31 of each of the five fiscal years ended March 31, 2008:

 

    At March 31,  
    2004     2005     2006     2007(2)     2008  
    Amount     % of
loans in
each
category
to total
loans
    Amount     % of
loans in
each
category
to total
loans
    Amount     % of
loans in
each
category
to total
loans
    Amount     % of
loans in
each
category
to total
loans
    Amount     % of
loans in
each
category
to total
loans
 
    (in millions, except percentages)  

Domestic(1):

                   

Manufacturing

  ¥ 72,844     11.86 %   ¥ 63,628     12.26 %   ¥ 111,639     10.92 %   ¥ 96,624     11.14 %   ¥ 114,578     11.03 %

Construction

    15,370     2.14       35,325     1.92       24,511     2.13       38,954     1.96       39,961     1.78  

Real estate

    98,338     10.69       78,981     10.86       91,026     8.76       80,030     7.75       102,281     7.35  

Services

    47,108     9.78       87,708     7.30       65,153     6.90       117,666     7.03       118,397     6.37  

Wholesale and retail

    76,515     10.97       75,073     10.55       114,028     10.42       122,147     9.92       137,295     9.51  

Banks and other financial institutions

    19,314     4.22       16,485     5.47       47,102     5.08       46,871     3.84       36,601     3.95  

Communication and information services

    5,969     1.65       12,383     1.41       14,952     1.20       21,745     1.16       35,004     1.07  

Other industries

    30,322     11.97       34,275     12.37       97,133     11.60       150,715     10.66       88,751     10.45  

Consumer

    70,324     16.28       68,695     15.79       221,791     25.28       211,504     26.10       232,935     25.21  

Foreign:

                   

Governments and official institutions

    1,122     0.45       170     0.48       1,204     0.38       397     0.43       866     0.35  

Banks and other financial institutions

    58,198     2.27       8,502     1.80       11,975     1.21       2,968     1.88       6,182     2.25  

Commercial and industrial

    128,997     15.32       69,212     17.10       101,497     13.52       94,791     15.38       126,053     17.80  

Other

    6,390     2.40       8,597     2.69       3,308     2.60       2,078     2.75       2,140     2.88  

Unallocated

    18,528           8,617           7,678           7,037           9,694      
                                                                     

Total

  ¥ 649,339     100.00 %   ¥ 567,651     100.00 %   ¥ 912,997     100.00 %   ¥ 993,527     100.00 %   ¥ 1,050,738     100.00 %
                                                                     

Allowance as a percentage of loans

    1.63 %       1.31 %       1.06 %       1.15 %       1.17 %  

Allowance as a percentage of nonaccrual and restructured loans and accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more

    52.83 %       56.48 %       49.33 %       64.86 %       66.76 %  

 

Notes:  
(1)   Since the credit administration system was upgraded, a precise breakdown of the credit loss allowance of consumer loans by the type of proprietor business became available. As a result, the credit loss allowance of consumer loans at March 31, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 do not include the credit loss allowance of loans to individuals who utilize loan proceeds to finance their proprietor activities and not for their personal financing needs. The balances at March 31, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 were reclassified accordingly.

 

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(2)   Percentage of loans in each category to total loans at March 31, 2007 has been restated as follows:

 

      At March 31,  
      2007  
     As previously
reported
    As restated  

Domestic:

    

Manufacturing

   11.14 %   11.14 %

Construction

   1.96     1.96  

Real estate

   7.75     7.75  

Services

   7.02     7.03  

Wholesale and retail

   9.92     9.92  

Banks and other financial institutions

   3.64     3.84  

Communication and information services

   1.12     1.16  

Other industries

   10.81     10.66  

Consumer

   26.19     26.10  

Foreign:

    

Governments and official institutions

   0.43     0.43  

Banks and other financial institutions

   1.78     1.88  

Commercial and industrial

   15.42     15.38  

Other

   2.82     2.75  

Unallocated

        
            

Total

   100.00 %   100.00 %
            

 

While the allowance for credit losses contains amounts allocated to components of specifically identified loans as well as a group on portfolio of loans, the allowance for credit losses is available for credit losses in the entire loan portfolio and the allocations shown above are not intended to be restricted to the specific loan category. Accordingly, as the evaluation of credit risks changes, allocations of the allowance will be changed to reflect current conditions and various other factors.

 

V.    Deposits

 

The following table shows the average amount of, and the average rate paid on, the following deposit categories for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008:

 

    Fiscal years ended March 31,  
    2006     2007     2008  
    Average
amount
  Average
rate
    Average
amount
  Average
rate
    Average
amount
  Average
rate
 
    (in millions, except percentages)  

Domestic offices:

           

Non-interest-bearing demand deposits

  ¥ 13,055,227   %   ¥ 15,677,264   %   ¥ 13,580,226   %

Interest-bearing demand deposits

    31,264,971   0.04       42,100,919   0.13       42,616,845   0.25  

Deposits at notice

    1,488,552   1.39       2,221,623   2.61       2,270,396   2.48  

Time deposits

    23,776,597   0.26       30,727,056   0.40       32,423,856   0.60  

Certificates of deposit

    2,717,170   0.02       3,839,415   0.26       3,352,416   0.61  

Foreign offices:

           

Non-interest-bearing demand deposits

    2,844,727         2,507,393         2,139,376    

Interest-bearing deposits, principally time deposits and certificates of deposit

    11,277,280   2.65       13,639,770   3.74       17,108,165   3.58  
                       

Total

  ¥ 86,424,524     ¥ 110,713,440     ¥ 113,491,280  
                       

 

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Table of Contents

Deposits at notice represent interest-bearing demand deposits which require the depositor to give two or more days notice in advance of withdrawal.

 

The average amounts of total deposits by foreign depositors included in domestic offices for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 were ¥633,482 million, ¥522,947 million and ¥488,557 million, respectively.

 

At March 31, 2008, the balances and remaining maturities of time deposits and certificates of deposit issued by domestic offices in amounts of ¥10 million (approximately US$100 thousand at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s noon buying rate on March 31, 2008) or more and total foreign deposits issued in amounts of US$100,000 or more are shown in the following table:

 

     Time
deposits
   Certificates of
deposit
   Total
     (in millions)

Domestic offices:

        

Three months or less

   ¥ 7,093,558    ¥ 2,601,326    ¥ 9,694,884

Over three months through six months

     3,907,714      243,853      4,151,567

Over six months through twelve months

     4,253,643      308,676      4,562,319

Over twelve months

     2,192,075      42,255      2,234,330
                    

Total

   ¥ 17,446,990    ¥ 3,196,110    ¥ 20,643,100
                    

Foreign offices

         ¥ 11,900,661
            

 

VI.    Short-Term Borrowings

 

The following table shows certain additional information with respect to our short-term borrowings for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008:

 

     Fiscal years ended March 31,  
     2006     2007     2008  
     (in millions, except percentages)  

Call money, funds purchased, and payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions:

      

Average balance outstanding during the fiscal year

   ¥ 7,812,226     ¥ 8,494,916     ¥ 8,691,423  

Maximum balance outstanding at any month-end during the fiscal year

     9,816,826       9,977,225       9,739,411  

Balance at end of fiscal year

     7,777,101       8,641,605       8,294,879  

Weighted average interest rate during the fiscal year

     1.58 %     1.84 %     2.07 %

Weighted average interest rate on balance at end of fiscal year

     1.52 %     2.46 %     1.87 %

Other short-term borrowings:

      

Average balance outstanding during the fiscal year

   ¥ 10,745,124     ¥ 5,990,159     ¥ 4,163,250  

Maximum balance outstanding at any month-end during the fiscal year

     15,614,428       7,883,422       5,124,282  

Balance at end of fiscal year

     9,689,393       4,411,644       3,675,176  

Weighted average interest rate during the fiscal year

     0.61 %     1.75 %     2.72 %

Weighted average interest rate on balance at end of fiscal year

     0.73 %     2.64 %     2.68 %

 

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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

     Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   F-2

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2007 and 2008

   F-3

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Fiscal Years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008

   F-4

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity from Nonowner Sources for the Fiscal Years ended March  31, 2006, 2007 and 2008

   F-5

Consolidated Statements of Shareholder’s Equity for the Fiscal Years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008

   F-6

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Fiscal Years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008

   F-8

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   F-9

1. Basis of Financial Statements and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

   F-9

2. Business Combination

   F-27

3. Discontinued Operations

   F-31

4. Other Business Developments

   F-32

5. Trading Account Assets and Liabilities

   F-34

6. Investment Securities

   F-35

7. Loans

   F-41

8. Allowance for Credit Losses

   F-47

9. Premises and Equipment

   F-47

10. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

   F-48

11. Income Taxes

   F-50

12. Pledged Assets and Collateral

   F-55

13. Deposits

   F-56

14. Call Loans and Funds sold, and Call Money and Funds Purchased

   F-57

15. Short-term Borrowings and Long-term Debt

   F-57

16. Severance Indemnities and Pension Plans

   F-60

17. Other Assets and Liabilities

   F-70

18. Preferred Stock

   F-70

19. Common Stock and Capital Surplus

   F-73

20. Retained Earnings, Legal Reserve and Dividends

   F-74

21. Regulatory Capital Requirements

   F-76

22. Earnings (Loss) per Common Share

   F-81

23. Derivative Financial Instruments

   F-83

24. Obligations Under Guarantees and Other Off-balance-sheet Instruments

   F-86

25. Variable Interest Entities

   F-89

26. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

   F-92

27. Fees and Commissions Income

   F-93

28. Business Segments

   F-93

29. Foreign Activities

   F-96

30. Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments

   F-98

31. Stock-based Compensation

   F-101

32. Related Party Transactions

   F-107

33. Events Since March 31, 2008

   F-108

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholder of

The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.

(Kabushiki Kaisha Mitsubishi Tokyo UFJ Ginko):

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. (Kabushiki Kaisha Mitsubishi Tokyo UFJ Ginko) (“BTMU”) (a wholly owned subsidiary of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (“MUFG”)) and subsidiaries (together, the “BTMU Group”) as of March 31, 2007 and 2008, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in equity from nonowner sources, shareholder’s equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2008 (all expressed in Japanese Yen). These financial statements are the responsibility of BTMU’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. BTMU is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the BTMU Group’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the BTMU Group as of March 31, 2007 and 2008, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2008, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, on January 1, 2006, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd. merged with UFJ Bank Limited and was renamed BTMU.

 

As discussed in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements, BTMU transferred substantially all common shares of Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd. to MUFG on July 1, 2005.

 

As discussed in the respective footnotes to the consolidated financial statements, certain disclosures in Notes 5, 7, 11, 17, 21, 24 and 25 have been restated.

 

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, BTMU changed its method of accounting for conditional asset retirement obligations in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006, its methods of accounting for pension and other postretirement plans and stock-based compensation in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 and its methods of accounting for uncertainty in income taxes and leveraged leases in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.

 

/s/ DELOITTE TOUCHE TOHMATSU

DELOITTE TOUCHE TOHMATSU

 

Tokyo, Japan

September 18, 2008

 

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Table of Contents

THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

MARCH 31, 2007 AND 2008

 

     2007     2008  
     (in millions)  
ASSETS     

Cash and due from banks (Note 12)

   ¥ 2,427,548     ¥ 3,552,474  

Interest-earning deposits in other banks (Note 12)

     5,524,777       5,798,897  

Call loans and funds sold (Note 14)

     2,017,749       900,794  

Receivables under resale agreements

     292,643       397,907  

Receivables under securities borrowing transactions

     3,590,753       4,874,658  

Trading account assets (including assets pledged that secured parties are permitted to sell or repledge of ¥771,230 million in 2007 and ¥900,692 million in 2008) (Notes 5 and 12)

     4,077,277       5,314,056  

Investment securities (Notes 6 and 12):

    

Securities available for sale—carried at estimated fair value (including assets pledged that secured parties are permitted to sell or repledge of ¥5,663,151 million in 2007 and ¥6,197,447 million in 2008)

     39,590,136       32,376,924  

Securities being held to maturity—carried at amortized cost (including assets pledged that secured parties are permitted to sell or repledge of ¥797,631 million in 2007 and ¥408,200 million in 2008) (estimated fair value of ¥2,100,735 million in 2007 and ¥1,860,601 million in 2008)

     2,106,954       1,857,980  

Other investment securities

     559,647       477,244  
                

Total investment securities

     42,256,737       34,712,148  
                

Loans, net of unearned income, unamortized premiums and deferred loan fees (including assets pledged that secured parties are permitted to sell or repledge of ¥3,667,821 million in 2007 and ¥3,744,444 million in 2008) (Notes 7 and 12)

     86,124,066       89,779,831  

Allowance for credit losses (Notes 7 and 8)

     (993,527 )     (1,050,738 )
                

Net loans

     85,130,539       88,729,093  
                

Premises and equipment—net (Note 9)

     895,880       828,761  

Accrued interest

     305,241       274,608  

Customers’ acceptance liability

     68,754       71,003  

Intangible assets—net (Notes 2, 10 and 16)

     953,679       940,853  

Goodwill (Notes 2 and 10)

     1,771,130       970,421  

Deferred tax assets (Notes 11 and 16)

     510,999       863,307  

Other assets (Notes 7, 12, 16 and 17)

     3,779,101       3,850,251  

Assets of discontinued operations to be disposed or sold (Note 3)

     2,435        
                

Total assets

   ¥ 153,605,242     ¥ 152,079,231  
                
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY     

Deposits (Notes 12 and 13):

    

Domestic offices:

    

Non-interest-bearing

   ¥ 16,777,704     ¥ 14,491,961  

Interest-bearing

     79,796,774       82,046,431  

Overseas offices:

    

Non-interest-bearing

     2,530,492       2,093,534  

Interest-bearing

     14,281,133       16,770,230  
                

Total deposits

     113,386,103       115,402,156  
                

Call money and funds purchased (Notes 12 and 14)

     2,050,910       1,786,923  

Payables under repurchase agreements (Note 12)

     3,232,610       3,961,480  

Payables under securities lending transactions (Note 12)

     3,358,085       2,546,476  

Other short-term borrowings (Notes 12 and 15)

     4,411,644       3,675,176  

Trading account liabilities (Note 5)

     1,210,403       1,695,905  

Obligations to return securities received as collateral

     808,620       414,139  

Bank acceptances outstanding

     68,754       71,003  

Accrued interest

     198,152       213,219  

Long-term debt (Notes 12 and 15)

     12,263,205       11,651,570  

Other liabilities (Notes 11, 16 and 17)

     3,930,079       3,995,486  

Liabilities of discontinued operations to be extinguished or assumed (Note 3)

     546        
                

Total liabilities

     144,919,111       145,413,533  
                

Commitments and contingent liabilities (Notes 24 and 26)

    

Shareholder’s equity (Note 21):

    

Capital stock (Notes 18 and 19):

    

Preferred stock—aggregate liquidation preference of ¥303,100 million in 2007 and ¥308,800 million in 2008, with no stated value

     125,000       125,000  

Common stock—authorized, 15,000,000,000 shares; issued, 10,257,961,942 shares in 2007 and in 2008, with no stated value

     871,973       871,973  

Capital surplus (Note 19)

     5,851,061       5,883,990  

Retained earnings (Accumulated deficit) (Notes 20 and 33):

    

Retained earnings appropriated for legal reserve

     190,045       190,045  

Unappropriated retained earnings (Accumulated deficit)

     26,287       (900,787 )

Accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources, net of taxes

     1,850,421       725,392  

Loan receivable for constructive capital contribution from parent company

     (228,498 )     (228,498 )

Parent company’s stock, at cost—164,004 common shares in 2007 and 1,531,297 common shares in 2008

     (158 )     (1,417 )
                

Total shareholder’s equity

     8,686,131       6,665,698  
                

Total liabilities and shareholder’s equity

   ¥ 153,605,242     ¥ 152,079,231  
                

 

See the accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

F-3


Table of Contents

THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

     2006     2007     2008  
     (in millions)  

Interest income:

      

Loans, including fees (Note 7)

   ¥ 1,625,596     ¥ 2,500,716     ¥ 2,623,818  

Deposits in other banks

     133,433       231,527       238,843  

Investment securities:

      

Interest

     381,482       554,746       663,460  

Dividends

     36,753       90,585       103,708  

Trading account assets

     22,327       17,847       9,867  

Call loans and funds sold

     18,955       25,952       22,086  

Receivables under resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions

     30,763       22,987       32,040  
                        

Total

     2,249,309       3,444,360       3,693,822  
                        

Interest expense:

      

Deposits

     393,991       756,403       990,029  

Call money and funds purchased

     4,788       22,009       38,841  

Payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions

     118,575       134,147       140,997  

Other short-term borrowings and trading account liabilities

     65,473       109,264       115,304  

Long-term debt

     145,935       257,389       294,128  
                        

Total

     728,762       1,279,212       1,579,299  
                        

Net interest income

     1,520,547       2,165,148       2,114,523  

Provision for credit losses (Notes 7 and 8)

     163,416       341,570       407,238  
                        

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

     1,357,131       1,823,578       1,707,285  
                        

Non-interest income:

      

Fees and commissions (Note 27)

     641,537       847,688       803,783  

Foreign exchange gains (losses)—net (Note 5)

     (281,447 )     (163,651 )     1,211,683  

Trading account profits (losses)—net (Note 5)

     (91,171 )     253,433       272,469  

Investment securities gains (losses)—net (Note 6)

     40,789       170,974       (1,178,438 )

Equity in earnings (losses) of equity method investees

     28,799       5,412       (35,703 )

Government grant for transfer of substitutional portion of Employees’ Pension Fund Plans (Note 16)

     103,001              

Gains on sales of loans (Note 7)

     34,605       13,585       10,016  

Other non-interest income

     80,736       93,012       129,775  
                        

Total

     556,849       1,220,453       1,213,585  
                        

Non-interest expense:

      

Salaries and employee benefits (Note 16)

     585,550       643,244       699,455  

Occupancy expenses—net (Notes 9 and 26)

     95,791       123,431       115,817  

Fees and commission expenses

     179,608       168,100       151,182  

Outsourcing expenses, including data processing

     118,205       195,759       191,173  

Depreciation of premises and equipment (Note 9)

     66,402       96,326       153,754  

Amortization of intangible assets (Note 10)

     125,081       198,034       184,106  

Impairment of intangible assets (Note 10)

     207       184,754       461  

Insurance premiums, including deposit insurance

     78,841       101,266       101,855  

Minority interest in income (loss) of consolidated subsidiaries

     108,935       (7,843 )     19,618  

Communications

     32,962       45,329       46,404  

Taxes and public charges

     47,824       68,287       72,370  

Provision for repayment of excess interest (Note 26)

     12,898       106,242       2,808  

Impairment of goodwill (Note 10)

                 816,347  

Other non-interest expenses

     164,524       249,098       331,532  
                        

Total

     1,616,828       2,172,027       2,886,882  
                        

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

     297,152       872,004       33,988  

Income tax expense (Note 11)

     68,921       410,299       490,309  
                        

Income (loss) from continuing operations before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

     228,231       461,705       (456,321 )

Income (loss) from discontinued operations—net (Note 3)

     8,973       (817 )     (1,746 )

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, net of tax (Note 1)

     (8,425 )            
                        

Net income (loss)

   ¥ 228,779     ¥ 460,888     ¥ (458,067 )
                        

Income allocable to a preferred shareholder

   ¥ 6,999     ¥ 10,963     ¥ 6,281  
                        

Net income (loss) available to a common shareholder

   ¥ 221,780     ¥ 449,925     ¥ (464,348 )
                        
     (in Yen)  

Earnings (loss) per share (Notes 20 and 22):

      

Basic earnings (loss) per common share—income (loss) from continuing operations available to a common shareholder before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

   ¥ 30.64     ¥ 44.89     ¥ (45.10 )

Basic earnings (loss) per common share—net income (loss) available to a common shareholder

     30.72       44.81       (45.27 )

Diluted earnings (loss) per common share—income (loss) from continuing operations available to a common shareholder before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

     27.01       44.21       (45.10 )

Diluted earnings (loss) per common share—net income (loss) available to a common shareholder

     27.07       44.13       (45.27 )

 

See the accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

F-4


Table of Contents

THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FROM NONOWNER SOURCES

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

     Gains (Losses)
before income
tax expense
(benefit)
    Income tax
(expense)
benefit
    Gains (Losses)
net of income
tax expense
(benefit)
 
     (in millions)  

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2006:

      

Net income

       ¥ 228,779  
            

Other changes in equity from nonowner sources:

      

Net unrealized holding gains on investment securities available for sale

   ¥ 1,761,589     ¥ (716,434 )     1,045,155  

Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income

     (28,290 )     10,591       (17,699 )
                        

Total

     1,733,299       (705,843 )     1,027,456  
                        

Net unrealized losses on derivatives qualifying for cash flow hedges

     (2,342 )     896       (1,446 )

Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income

     (441 )     169       (272 )
                        

Total

     (2,783 )     1,065       (1,718 )
                        

Minimum pension liability adjustments

     218,691       (90,358 )     128,333  
                        

Foreign currency translation adjustments

     86,325       (3,066 )     83,259  

Constructive dividend-in-kind of shares of Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd. to parent company (Note 4)

     12,902             12,902  

Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income

     (5,697 )     (2,072 )     (7,769 )
                        

Total

     93,530       (5,138 )     88,392  
                        

Total changes in equity from nonowner sources

       ¥ 1,471,242  
            

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2007:

      

Net income

       ¥ 460,888  
            

Other changes in equity from nonowner sources:

      

Net unrealized holding gains on investment securities available for sale

   ¥ 664,741     ¥ (267,443 )     397,298  

Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income

     (190,008 )     77,178       (112,830 )
                        

Total

     474,733       (190,265 )     284,468  
                        

Net unrealized losses on derivatives qualifying for cash flow hedges

     (3,161 )     1,214       (1,947 )

Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income

     2,762       (1,056 )     1,706  
                        

Total

     (399 )     158       (241 )
                        

Minimum pension liability adjustments

     (2,542 )     1,011       (1,531 )
                        

Foreign currency translation adjustments

     22,015       (438 )     21,577  

Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income

     (5,725 )           (5,725 )
                        

Total

     16,290       (438 )     15,852  
                        

Total changes in equity from nonowner sources

       ¥ 759,436  
            

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2008:

      

Net loss

       ¥ (458,067 )
            

Other changes in equity from nonowner sources:

      

Net unrealized holding losses on investment securities available for sale

   ¥ (3,034,886 )   ¥ 1,230,447       (1,804,439 )

Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net loss

     1,188,497       (482,639 )     705,858  
                        

Total

     (1,846,389 )     747,808       (1,098,581 )
                        

Net unrealized gains on derivatives qualifying for cash flow hedges

     2,327       (805 )     1,522  

Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net loss

     2,018       (867 )     1,151  
                        

Total

     4,345       (1,672 )     2,673  
                        

Pension liability adjustments

     83,234       (34,245 )     48,989  

Reclassification adjustment for gain included in net loss

     (9,785 )     3,681       (6,104 )
                        

Total

     73,449       (30,564 )     42,885  
                        

Foreign currency translation adjustments

     (102,375 )     29,191       (73,184 )

Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net loss

     710       468       1,178  
                        

Total

     (101,665 )     29,659       (72,006 )
                        

Total changes in equity from nonowner sources

       ¥ (1,583,096 )
            

 

See the accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

F-5


Table of Contents

THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

     2006     2007     2008  
     (in millions)  

Preferred stock (Note 18):

      

Balance at beginning of fiscal year

   ¥ 247,100     ¥ 125,000     ¥ 125,000  

Conversion of Class 1 preferred stock to common stock

     (122,100 )            
                        

Balance at end of fiscal year

   ¥ 125,000     ¥ 125,000     ¥ 125,000  
                        

Common stock (Note 19):

      

Balance at beginning of fiscal year

   ¥ 749,873     ¥ 871,973     ¥ 871,973  

Issuance of new shares of common stock by conversion of Class 1 preferred stock

     122,100              
                        

Balance at end of fiscal year

   ¥ 871,973     ¥ 871,973     ¥ 871,973  
                        

Capital surplus (Note 19):

      

Balance at beginning of fiscal year

   ¥ 983,264     ¥ 5,844,289     ¥ 5,851,061  

Merger with UFJ Bank Limited (Note 2)

     4,625,939              

Stocks issued to Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation (Note 18)

                 5,700  

Constructive capital contribution from parent company in connection with transfer of shares of Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd. (Note 4)

     228,498       4,626       3,233  

Changes in ownership of an affiliated company due to transactions within the MUFG Group

     3,065              

Changes in ownership of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. due to transactions with parent company (Note 4)

                 21,796  

Stock-based compensation expense (Note 31)

           3,257       4,046  

Impact of SFAS No. 123R implementation of UnionBanCal Corporation (Note 31)

           (1,468 )      

Losses on sales of shares of subsidiaries to Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation and Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd., net of taxes

                 (1,866 )

Gains on sales of shares of parent company’s stock, net of taxes

     937       329       16  

Other—net

     2,586       28       4  
                        

Balance at end of fiscal year

   ¥ 5,844,289     ¥ 5,851,061     ¥ 5,883,990  
                        

Retained earnings appropriated for legal reserve (Note 20):

      

Balance at beginning of fiscal year

   ¥ 190,045     ¥ 190,045     ¥ 190,045  
                        

Balance at end of fiscal year

   ¥ 190,045     ¥ 190,045     ¥ 190,045  
                        

Unappropriated retained earnings (Accumulated deficit) (Note 20):

      

Balance at beginning of fiscal year

   ¥ 788,835     ¥ 15,845     ¥ 26,287  

Net income (loss)

     228,779       460,888       (458,067 )

Cash dividends:

      

Common share—¥157.21 in 2006, ¥43.52 in 2007 and ¥44.19 in 2008 per share

     (799,277 )     (440,951 )     (453,300 )

Preferred share (Class 1)—¥41.25 in 2006 per share

     (3,357 )            

Preferred share (Class 2)—¥36.42 in 2006, ¥60.00 in 2007 and 2008 per share

     (3,642 )     (6,000 )     (6,000 )

Preferred share (Class 3)—¥23.85 in 2007 and ¥15.90 in 2008 per share

           (570 )     (281 )

Preferred share (Class 4)—¥18.60 in 2007 per share

           (1,483 )      

Preferred share (Class 5)—¥19.40 in 2007 per share

           (2,910 )      

Constructive dividend-in-kind of shares of Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd. to parent company (Note 4)

     (194,246 )            

Impact of SFAS No.123R implementation of UnionBanCal Corporation (Note 31)

           1,468        

Deferred compensation-restricted stock awards of UnionBanCal Corporation (Note 31)

     (1,247 )            

FIN No. 48 adjustment (Note 1)

                 (3,701 )

FSP SFAS No. 13-2 adjustment (Note 1)

                 (5,725 )
                        

Balance at end of fiscal year

   ¥ 15,845     ¥ 26,287     ¥ (900,787 )
                        

 

F-6


Table of Contents

THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY—(Continued)

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

     2006     2007     2008  
     (in millions)  

Accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources, net of taxes:

      

Net unrealized gains on investment securities available for sale (Note 6):

      

Balance at beginning of fiscal year

   ¥ 549,427     ¥ 1,576,883     ¥ 1,861,351  

Net change during the fiscal year

     1,027,456       284,468       (1,098,581 )
                        

Balance at end of fiscal year

   ¥ 1,576,883     ¥ 1,861,351     ¥ 762,770  
                        

Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives qualifying for cash flow hedges (Note 23):

      

Balance at beginning of fiscal year

   ¥ 1,050     ¥ (668 )   ¥ (909 )

Net change during the fiscal year

     (1,718 )     (241 )     2,673  
                        

Balance at end of fiscal year

   ¥ (668 )   ¥ (909 )   ¥ 1,764  
                        

Minimum pension liability adjustments (Note 16):

      

Balance at beginning of fiscal year

   ¥ (142,741 )   ¥ (14,408 )   ¥  

Net change during the fiscal year

     128,333       (1,531 )      

Adjustments to initially apply SFAS No. 158

           15,939        
                        

Balance at end of fiscal year

   ¥ (14,408 )   ¥     ¥  
                        

Pension liability adjustments (Note 16):

      

Balance at beginning of fiscal year

   ¥     ¥     ¥ 83,809  

Net change during the fiscal year

                 42,885  

Adjustments to initially apply SFAS No. 158

           83,809        
                        

Balance at end of fiscal year

   ¥     ¥ 83,809     ¥ 126,694  
                        

Foreign currency translation adjustments:

      

Balance at beginning of fiscal year

   ¥ (198,074 )   ¥ (109,682 )   ¥ (93,830 )

Net change during the fiscal year

     88,392       15,852       (72,006 )
                        

Balance at end of fiscal year

   ¥ (109,682 )   ¥ (93,830 )   ¥ (165,836 )
                        

Balance at end of fiscal year

   ¥ 1,452,125     ¥ 1,850,421     ¥ 725,392  
                        

Loan receivable for constructive capital contribution from parent company:

      

Balance at beginning of fiscal year

   ¥     ¥ (228,498 )   ¥ (228,498 )

Increase in connection with transfer of shares of Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd. to parent company (Note 4)

     (228,498 )            
                        

Balance at end of fiscal year

   ¥ (228,498 )   ¥ (228,498 )   ¥ (228,498 )
                        

Parent company’s stock:

      

Balance at beginning of fiscal year

   ¥ (2,194 )   ¥ (1,296 )   ¥ (158 )

Purchase of shares of parent company’s stock

           (18 )      

Sales of shares of parent company’s stock

     1,459       1,158       93  

Increase resulting from merger with UFJ Bank Limited

     (868 )            

Exchange for shares of Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd. (Note 4)

                 (262 )

Net decrease (increase) resulting from changes in voting interests in its consolidated subsidiaries and affiliated companies

     307       (2 )     (1,090 )
                        

Balance at end of fiscal year

   ¥ (1,296 )   ¥ (158 )   ¥ (1,417 )
                        

Total shareholder’s equity

   ¥ 8,269,483     ¥ 8,686,131     ¥ 6,665,698  
                        

 

See the accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

     2006     2007     2008  
     (in millions)  

Cash flows from operating activities:

      

Net income (loss)

   ¥ 228,779     ¥ 460,888     ¥ (458,067 )

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:

      

Loss (income) from discontinued operations—net (Note 3)

     (8,973 )     817       1,746  

Depreciation and amortization

     191,483       294,360       337,860  

Impairment of goodwill (Note 10)

                 816,347  

Impairment of intangible assets (Note 10)

     207       184,754       461  

Provision for credit losses

     163,416       341,570       407,238  

Government grant for transfer of substitutional portion of Employees’ Pension Fund plans (Note 16)

     (103,001 )            

Investment securities losses (gains)—net

     (40,789 )     (170,974 )     1,178,438  

Foreign exchange losses (gains)—net

     193,774       (2,159 )     (1,317,027 )

Provision for deferred income tax expense

     4,491       343,340       413,276  

Decrease (increase) in trading account assets, excluding foreign exchange contracts

     363,099       969,071       (528,262 )

Increase (decrease) in trading account liabilities, excluding foreign exchange contracts

     (930,066 )     (636,051 )     107,637  

Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable and other receivables

     12,752       (111,144 )     (69,302 )

Increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable and other payables

     (20,425 )     91,530       59,869  

Increase (decrease) in allowance for repayment of excess interest (Note 26)

     9,733       92,738       (22,308 )

Other—net

     (49,527 )     (41,974 )     (134,115 )
                        

Net cash provided by operating activities

     14,953       1,816,766       793,791  
                        

Cash flows from investing activities:

      

Proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale

     38,852,587       29,078,211       42,405,348  

Proceeds from maturities of investment securities available for sale

     33,248,881       25,434,493       23,312,279  

Purchases of investment securities available for sale

     (70,455,741 )     (53,125,538 )     (61,938,157 )

Proceeds from maturities of investment securities being held to maturity

     17,510       8,440       496,012  

Purchases of investment securities being held to maturity

     (4,698 )     (2,657 )     (250,337 )

Proceeds from sales of other investment securities

     123,615       227,141       142,353  

Purchases of other investment securities

     (26,826 )     (106,972 )     (64,031 )

Net decrease (increase) in loans

     (1,693,576 )     23,827       (5,768,652 )

Net decrease (increase) in interest-earning deposits in other banks

     (1,048,401 )     735,635       (773,668 )

Net decrease (increase) in call loans, funds sold, and receivables under resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions

     1,090,320       (667,032 )     (366,468 )

Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment

     12,139       23,446       61,332  

Capital expenditures for premises and equipment

     (72,178 )     (88,623 )     (162,818 )

Purchases of intangible assets

     (77,504 )     (139,583 )     (171,121 )

Cash acquired by the merger with UFJ Bank Limited—net (Note 2)

     5,389,544              

Other—net

     116,784       (12,824 )     86,608  
                        

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

     5,472,456       1,387,964       (2,991,320 )
                        

Cash flows from financing activities:

      

Net increase (decrease) in deposits

     1,972,225       (1,457,104 )     4,634,926  

Net increase (decrease) in call money, funds purchased, and payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions

     (89,528 )     789,711       132,038  

Net decrease in other short-term borrowings

     (6,067,919 )     (5,327,949 )     (695,666 )

Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt

     2,808,828       2,778,338       1,720,906  

Repayment of long-term debt

     (1,897,145 )     (2,379,025 )     (2,065,218 )

Proceeds from sales of preferred stock issued by a subsidiary

     108,250              

Proceeds from sales of parent company’s stock

     2,899       829       119  

Dividends paid

     (806,276 )     (451,914 )     (459,581 )

Dividends paid to minority interests

     (62,264 )     (16,640 )     (15,389 )

Payments for the allocated amount under the consolidated corporate-tax system (Note 11)

     (10,916 )            

Net cash received from parent company for the transfer of Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd. (Note 4)

     197,569              

Loan provided to parent company for the transfer of Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd. (Note 4)

     (228,498 )            

Payments for redemption of preferred stock issued by a subsidiary

           (120,000 )      

Other—net

     (58,044 )     (24,760 )     99,813  
                        

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     (4,130,819 )     (6,208,514 )     3,351,948  
                        

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

     23,273       25,681       (31,687 )
                        

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     1,379,863       (2,978,103 )     1,122,732  
                        

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of fiscal year (including cash and cash equivalents identified as discontinued operations of ¥13,939 million in 2006, ¥14,069 million in 2007 and ¥2,194 million in 2008)

     4,027,982       5,407,845       2,429,742  
                        

Cash and cash equivalents at end of fiscal year (including cash and cash equivalents identified as discontinued operations of ¥14,069 million in 2006, ¥2,194 million in 2007 and nil in 2008)

   ¥ 5,407,845     ¥ 2,429,742     ¥ 3,552,474  
                        

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

      

Cash paid during the fiscal year for:

      

Interest

   ¥ 783,653     ¥ 1,263,579     ¥ 1,580,177  

Income taxes, net of refunds

     81,636       55,040       79,192  

Non-cash investing and financing activities:

      

Obtaining assets by entering into capital lease

     26,736       33,905       17,341  

Merger with UFJ Bank Limited by stock-for-stock exchanges (Note 2):

      

Non-cash assets acquired at fair value

     71,644,091              

Liabilities assumed at fair value

     72,409,416              
                        

Net

     (765,325 )            
                        

Stocks issued in connection with the merger with UFJ Bank Limited (Note 2)

     4,625,939              

Business transfer from Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation

      

Non-cash assets acquired

                 123,519  

Liabilities assumed

                 117,819  
                        

Stocks issued to Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation

                 5,700  
                        

 

See the accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

1.    BASIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Description of Business

 

The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. (“BTMU”) is a major commercial banking institution, providing a broad range of financial services to consumers and corporations through commercial banking, investment banking and other activities. As one of the principal subsidiaries of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (“MUFG”), BTMU and its subsidiaries (the “BTMU Group”) conduct domestic and international financial business through domestic and international networks of branches, offices and subsidiaries in Japan and around the world. The BTMU Group’s activities also encompass transactions with other subsidiaries of MUFG. See Note 28 for more information by business segment.

 

On October 1, 2005, Mitsubishi Tokyo Financial Group, Inc. (“MTFG”), the parent company of The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd. (“BTM”), merged with UFJ Holdings, Inc. (“UFJ Holdings”), the parent company of UFJ Bank Limited (“UFJ Bank”), with MTFG being the surviving entity. Upon consummation of the merger, MTFG changed its name to MUFG. The merger was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting, and the assets and liabilities of UFJ Holdings and its subsidiaries were recorded at fair value as of October 1, 2005. Therefore, although the merger of BTM with UFJ Bank occurred and BTM renamed BTMU on January 1, 2006, the results of operations of UFJ Bank and its subsidiaries (the “UFJ Bank Group”) have been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements since October 1, 2005. Unless otherwise mentioned, numbers as of March 31, 2006 reflect the financial position of the BTMU Group while numbers for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 comprised the results of BTM and its subsidiaries (the “BTM Group”) for the six months ended September 30, 2005 and the results of the BTMU Group from October 1, 2005 to March 31, 2006. Numbers as of and for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008 reflect the financial position and results of the BTMU Group. See Note 2 for further discussion of the merger.

 

Basis of Financial Statements

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are stated in Japanese yen, the currency of the country in which BTMU is incorporated and principally operates. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). In certain respects, the accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect adjustments which are not included in the consolidated financial statements issued by BTMU and certain of its subsidiaries in accordance with applicable statutory requirements and accounting practices in their respective countries of incorporation. The major adjustments include those relating to (1) investment securities, (2) derivative financial instruments, (3) allowance for credit losses, (4) income taxes, (5) consolidation, (6) premises and equipment, (7) transfer of financial assets, (8) accrued severance indemnities and pension liabilities, (9) goodwill and other intangible assets, and (10) lease transactions.

 

Fiscal periods of certain subsidiaries, which end on or after December 31, and BTMU’s fiscal year, which ends on March 31, have been treated as coterminous. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, the effect of recording intervening events for the three-month periods ended March 31 on BTMU’s proportionate equity in net income of subsidiaries with fiscal periods ended on December 31, would have resulted in an increase of ¥7.68 billion to net income, a decrease of ¥2.43 billion to net income and an increase of ¥4.99 billion to net loss, respectively. No intervening events occurred during each of the three-month periods ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 which, if recorded, would have had material effects to consolidated total assets, loans, total liabilities, deposits or total shareholder’s equity as of March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008.

 

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THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term primarily relate to the allowance for credit losses on loans and off-balance-sheet credit instruments, deferred tax assets, financial instruments with no available market prices, goodwill, investment securities and accrued severance indemnities and pension liabilities.

 

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Significant accounting policies applied in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below:

 

Consolidation—The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of BTMU and its subsidiaries over which control is exercised through either majority ownership of voting stock and/or other means, including, but not limited to, the possession of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of entities. In situations in which the BTMU Group has less than 100% but greater than 50% of ownership in entities, such entities are consolidated and minority interests are also recorded in Other liabilities. Intercompany items have been eliminated. Investments in affiliated companies (companies over which the BTMU Group has the ability to exercise significant influence) are accounted for by the equity method of accounting and are reported in Other assets. The BTMU Group’s equity interests in the earnings of these equity investees and gains or losses realized on disposition of such investments are reported in Equity in earnings of equity method investees.

 

Variable interest entities are consolidated when the BTMU Group has a variable interest that will absorb a majority of the entity’s expected losses, receive a majority of the entity’s expected residual returns, or both. See Note 25.

 

Assets that the BTMU Group holds in an agency, fiduciary or trust capacity are not assets of the BTMU Group and, accordingly, are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

 

Cash Flows—For the purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents are defined as those amounts included in the consolidated balance sheets under the caption Cash and due from banks with original maturities of 90 days or less. Cash flows from qualified hedging activities are classified in the same category as the items being hedged.

 

Translation of Foreign Currency Financial Statements and Foreign Currency Transactions—Financial statements of overseas entities are translated into Japanese yen using the respective fiscal year-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities. Income and expense items are translated at average rates of exchange for the respective fiscal periods.

 

Except for overseas entities located in highly inflationary economies, foreign currency translation gains and losses related to the financial statements of overseas entities of the BTMU Group, net of related income tax effects, are credited or charged directly to Foreign currency translation adjustments, a component of accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources. Tax effects of gains and losses on foreign currency translation of financial statements of overseas entities are not recognized unless it is apparent that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future. If applicable, foreign exchange translation gains and losses pertaining to entities located in highly inflationary economies are recorded in Foreign exchange gains (losses)—net, as

 

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THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

appropriate. For these entities, premises and equipment and the related depreciation and amortization thereof are translated at exchange rates prevailing at dates of acquisition.

 

Foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities are translated into the functional currencies of the individual entities included in consolidation at the respective fiscal year-end foreign exchange rates. Foreign currency denominated income and expenses are translated using average rates of exchange for the respective fiscal periods. Gains and losses from such translation are included in Foreign exchange gains (losses)—net, as appropriate.

 

Repurchase Agreements, Securities Lending and Other Secured Financing Transactions—Securities sold with agreements to repurchase (“repurchase agreements”), securities purchased with agreements to resell (“resale agreements”) and securities lending and borrowing transactions are accounted for as sales of securities with related off-balance-sheet forward repurchase commitments or purchases of securities with related off-balance-sheet forward resale commitments, if they meet the relevant conditions for the surrender of control as provided by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities—a replacement of FASB Statement No. 125.” If the conditions are not met, the transactions are treated as secured financing or lending.

 

Collateral—For secured lending transactions, including resale agreements, securities borrowing transactions, commercial lending and derivative transactions, the BTMU Group, as a secured party, generally has the right to require the counterparties to provide collateral, including letters of credit, cash, securities and other financial assets. For most securities lending transactions, the BTMU Group maintains strict levels of collateralization governed by daily mark-to-market analysis. Financial assets pledged as collateral are generally negotiable financial instruments and are permitted to be sold or repledged by secured parties. If the BTMU Group sells these financial assets received as collateral, it recognizes the proceeds from the sale and its obligation to return the collateral. For secured borrowing transactions, principally repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions and derivative transactions, where the secured party has the right to sell or repledge financial assets pledged as collateral, the BTMU Group separately discloses those financial assets pledged as collateral in the consolidated balance sheets.

 

Trading Account Securities—Securities and money market instruments held in anticipation of short-term market movements and for resale to customers are included in Trading account assets, and short trading positions of these instruments are included in Trading account liabilities. Trading positions are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets and recorded on a trade date basis. Changes in the fair value of trading positions are recognized currently in Trading account profits (losses)—net, as appropriate.

 

Investment Securities—Debt securities for which the BTMU Group has both the ability and positive intent to hold to maturity are classified as Securities being held to maturity and carried at amortized cost. Debt securities that the BTMU Group may not hold to maturity and marketable equity securities, other than those classified as Trading account securities, are classified as Securities available for sale, and are carried at their fair values, with unrealized gains and losses reported on a net-of-tax basis within accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources, which is a component of shareholder’s equity. Other investment securities include nonmarketable equity securities carried at their acquisition costs, and also securities held by subsidiaries that are investment companies or brokers and dealers in securities. Such securities held by those subsidiaries are not within the scope of SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities” and are subject to the specialized industry accounting principles in AICPA Audit and Accounting Guides for “Investment Companies” and “Brokers and Dealers in Securities” (the “AICPA Guides”) applicable for those subsidiaries. Securities of those subsidiaries are carried at their fair values.

 

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THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Individual debt and equity securities are written down to fair value with the resulting losses charged to operations when, in the opinion of management, a decline in estimated fair value below the cost of such securities is other than temporary. Such impairment loss is included in Investment securities gains (losses)—net in the consolidated statements of operations. In determining other than temporary declines in fair value to be recognized as an impairment loss on investment securities, the BTMU Group generally considers factors such as the ability and positive intent to hold the investments for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value, the financial condition of the issuer, the extent of decline in fair value, and the length of time that the decline in fair value below cost has existed. See Note 6 for a further discussion of other-than-temporary impairment. Interest and dividends on investment securities are reported in Interest income. Dividends are recognized when the shareholders’ right to receive the dividend is established. Gains and losses on disposition of investment securities are computed using the average cost method and are recognized on the trade date.

 

Derivative Financial Instruments—The BTMU Group engages in derivative activities involving swaps, forwards, futures, options, and other types of derivative contracts. Derivatives are used in trading activities to generate trading revenues and fee income for its own account and to respond to the customers’ financial needs. Derivatives are also used to manage its market risk exposures to fluctuations in interest and foreign exchange rates, equity and commodity prices, and counterparty credit risk.

 

Derivatives entered into for trading purposes are carried at fair value and are reported as Trading account assets or Trading account liabilities. Fair values are estimated based on market or broker-dealer quotes when available. Valuation models such as present value and pricing models are applied to current market information to estimate fair values when such quotes are not available. The BTMU Group defers trade date gains or losses on derivatives where the fair values of those derivatives are not obtained from a quoted market price, supported by comparison to other observable market transactions, or based upon a valuation technique incorporating observable market data. The fair values of derivative contracts executed with the same counterparty under legally enforceable master netting agreements are presented on a net basis. Changes in the fair value of such contracts are recognized currently in Foreign exchange gains (losses)—net with respect to foreign exchange contracts and in Trading account profits (losses)—net with respect to interest rate contracts and other types of contracts.

 

Embedded features that are not clearly and closely related to the host contracts and meet the definition of derivatives are separated from the host contracts and measured at fair value unless the contracts embedding the derivatives are measured at fair value in their entirety.

 

Derivatives are also used to manage exposures to fluctuations in interest and foreign exchange rates arising from mismatches of asset and liability positions. Certain of those derivatives are designated by the BTMU Group and qualify for hedge accounting. A derivative is designated as a hedging instrument at the inception of each such hedge relationship and the BTMU Group documents, for such individual hedging relationships, the risk management objective and strategy, including identifying the item being hedged, identifying the specific risk being hedged and the method used to assess the hedge’s effectiveness. In order for a hedging relationship to qualify for hedge accounting, the changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments must be highly effective in achieving offsetting changes in fair values or variable cash flows of the hedged items attributable to the risk being hedged. Any ineffectiveness, which arises during the hedging relationship, is recognized in Non-interest income or expense in the period in which it arises. All qualifying hedging derivatives are valued at fair value and included in Other assets or Other liabilities. The fair values of derivative contracts executed with the same counterparty under legally enforceable master netting agreements are presented on a net basis. For fair value hedges of interest-bearing assets or liabilities, the change in the fair value of the hedged item and the hedging instruments is recognized in net interest income to the extent that it is effective. For all other fair value hedges, the change in the fair value of the hedged item and change in fair value of the derivative are recognized in

 

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THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

non-interest income or expense. For cash flow hedges, the unrealized changes in fair value to the extent effective are recognized in accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources. Amounts realized on cash flow hedges related to variable rate loans are recognized in net interest income in the period when the cash flow from the hedged item is realized. The fair value of cash flow hedges related to forecasted transactions, if any, is recognized in non-interest income or expense in the period when the forecasted transaction occurs. Any difference that arises from gains or losses on hedging derivatives offsetting corresponding gains or losses on the hedged items, and gains and losses on derivatives attributable to the risks excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness are recognized in non-interest income or expense. Derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting are considered trading positions and are accounted for as such.

 

Loans—Loans originated by the BTMU Group (“originated loans”) are carried at the principal amount outstanding, adjusted for unearned income and deferred net nonrefundable loan fees and costs. Originated loans held and intended for dispositions or sales in secondary markets are transferred to the held-for-sale classification and carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value generally on an individual loan basis. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized over the contractual life of the loan as an adjustment of yield using the method that approximates the interest method. Interest income on loans that are not impaired is accrued and credited to interest income as it is earned. Unearned income and discounts or premiums on purchased loans are deferred and recognized over the contractual lives of the loans using a method that approximates the interest method when such purchased loans are outside the scope of Statement of Position (“SOP”) 03-3 issued by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“AICPA”), “Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer,” as described below.

 

Originated loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the BTMU Group will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Originated loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

 

Originated loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when substantial doubt exists as to the full and timely collection of either principal or interest, or when principal or interest is contractually past due one month or more with respect to loans of BTMU and certain domestic subsidiaries, and 90 days or more with respect to loans of certain foreign banking subsidiaries. A nonaccrual loan may be restored to an accrual status when interest and principal payments become current and management expects that the borrower will make future contractual payments as scheduled. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, interest accrued but not received is generally reversed against interest income. Cash receipts on nonaccrual loans, for which the ultimate collectibility of principal is uncertain, are applied as principal reductions; otherwise, such collections are credited to income. The BTMU Group does not capitalize any accrued interest in the principal balances of impaired loans at each balance sheet date.

 

In accordance with SOP 03-3 adopted by the BTMU Group on April 1, 2005, impaired loans acquired for which it is probable that the BTMU Group will be unable to collect all contractual receivables are initially recorded at the present value of amounts expected to be received and the related valuation allowances are not carried over or created initially. Accretable yield is limited to the excess of the investor’s estimate of

 

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THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

undiscounted cash flows over the investor’s initial investment in the loan and subsequent increases in cash flows expected to be collected are recognized prospectively through adjustment of the loan’s yield over its remaining life after reduction of any remaining allowance for credit losses for the loan established after its acquisition, if any, while any decrease in such cash flows below those initially expected at acquisition plus additional cash flows expected to be collected arising from changes in estimate after acquisition are recognized as impairments.

 

Loan Securitization—The BTMU Group securitizes and services commercial and industrial loans in the normal course of business. The BTMU Group accounts for a transfer of loans in a securitization transaction as a sale if it meets relevant conditions for the surrender of control in accordance with SFAS No. 140. Otherwise, the transfer is accounted for as a collateralized borrowing transaction. Interests in loans sold through a securitization accounted for as a sale may be retained in the form of subordinated tranches or beneficial interests. These retained interests are primarily recorded in Securities available for sale. The previous carrying amount of the loans involved in the transfer is allocated between the loans sold and the retained interests based on their relative fair values at the date of the securitization. Since quoted market prices are generally not available, the BTMU Group usually estimates fair value of these retained interests based on the present value of future expected cash flows by using modeling techniques that involve management’s best estimates of key assumptions, which may include default rates, recovery rates, and discount rates. Retained interests that can contractually be prepaid or otherwise settled in such a way that the BTMU Group would not recover substantially all of its investment are accounted for as investment securities available for sale.

 

Allowance for Credit Losses—The BTMU Group maintains an allowance for credit losses to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Actual credit losses (amounts deemed uncollectible, in whole or in part), net of recoveries, are deducted from the allowance for credit losses, as net charge-offs, generally based on detailed loan reviews and a credit assessment by management at each balance sheet date. The BTMU Group generally applies its charge-off policy to all loans in its portfolio regardless of the type of borrower. A provision for credit losses, which is a charge against earnings, is added to bring the allowance to a level which, in management’s opinion, is adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in the credit portfolio.

 

A key element relating to the policies and discipline used in determining the allowance for credit losses is the credit classification and the related borrower categorization process. The categorization is based on conditions that may affect the ability of borrowers to service their debt, taking into consideration current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, analyses of relevant industry segments and current trends. In determining the appropriate level of the allowance, the BTMU Group evaluates the probable loss by category of loan based on its type and characteristics.

 

The allowance for credit losses for non-homogeneous loans consists of an allocated allowance for specifically identified problem loans, an allocated allowance for country risk exposure, a formula allowance and an unallocated allowance. An allocated allowance is also established for large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans. Non-homogeneous loans such as commercial loans are evaluated individually and the allowance for such loans is comprised of specific, country risk, formula and unallocated allowances.

 

The credit loss allowance for individual customers represents the impairment allowance determined in accordance with SFAS No. 114, “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan.” The BTMU Group measures the impairment of a loan, with the exception of large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment, based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or on the loan’s observable market price, or based on the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent, when it is probable that the BTMU Group will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. For certain subsidiaries, some impaired loans are aggregated for the purpose of measuring impairment using historical loss factors. Generally,

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

the BTMU Group’s impaired loans include nonaccrual loans, restructured loans and other loans specifically identified as impaired.

 

The credit loss allowance for country risk exposure is a country-specific allowance for substandard, special mention and unclassified loans. The allowance is established to supplement the formula allowance for these loans, based on an estimate of probable losses relating to the exposure to countries that are identified by management to have a high degree of transfer risk. The measure is generally based on a function of default probability and the recovery ratio with reference to external credit ratings. For the allowance for specifically identified cross-border problem loans, the BTMU Group incorporates transfer risk in its determination of related allowance for credit losses.

 

The formula allowance is calculated for group of loans collectively evaluated for impairments that cannot be attributed to specific loans by applying loss factors to outstanding substandard, special mention and unclassified loans. The evaluation of inherent loss for these loans involves a high degree of uncertainty, subjectivity and judgment. In determining the formula allowance, the BTMU Group, therefore, relies on a statistical analysis that incorporates historical loss factor percentages of total loans outstanding. Corresponding to the periodic impairment identification and self-assessment process, the estimation of the formula allowance is back-tested by comparing the allowance with the actual results subsequent to the balance sheet date. The results of such back-testing are evaluated by management to determine whether the manner and level of formula allowance need to be changed in subsequent years.

 

The unallocated allowance represents an estimate of additional losses inherent in the loan portfolio and is composed of attribution factors, which are based upon management’s evaluation of various conditions that are not directly or indirectly measured in the determination of the allocated allowance. The conditions evaluated in connection with the unallocated allowance may include existing general economic and business conditions affecting the key lending areas of the BTMU Group, credit quality trends, collateral values, loan volumes and concentrations, seasoning of the loan portfolio, specific industry conditions within portfolio segments, recent loss experience in particular segments of the portfolio, duration of the current business cycle, bank regulatory examination results and findings of the BTMU Group’s internal credit examiners.

 

The credit loss allowance for large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans is focused on loss experience for the pool rather than on a detailed analysis of individual loans. The allowance is determined primarily based on probable net charge-offs and the probability of insolvency based on the number of delinquencies.

 

Allowance for Off-Balance-Sheet Credit Instruments—The BTMU Group maintains an allowance for credit losses on off-balance-sheet credit instruments, including commitments to extend credit, guarantees, standby letters of credit and other financial instruments. The allowance is recorded as a liability in Other liabilities and includes the specific allowance for specifically identified credit exposure and the allocated formula allowance. With regard to the specific allowance for specifically identified credit exposure and the allocated formula allowance, the BTMU Group adopts the same methodology used in determining the allowance for loan credit losses. Potential credit losses related to derivatives are considered in the fair valuation of the derivatives.

 

Net changes in the allowance for off-balance-sheet credit instruments are accounted for as Other non-interest expenses.

 

Premises and Equipment—Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is charged to operations over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the terms of the respective leases or the estimated useful lives of

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

the improvements, whichever is shorter. BTMU applies the declining-balance method in depreciating its premises and equipment, while other subsidiaries mainly apply the straight-line method, at rates principally based on the following estimated useful lives:

 

     Years

Buildings

   15 to 50

Equipment and furniture

   2 to 20

Leasehold improvements

   7 to 18

 

Maintenance, repairs and minor improvements are charged to operations as incurred. Major improvements are capitalized. Net gains or losses on dispositions of premises and equipment are included in Other non-interest income or expense, as appropriate.

 

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of an asset to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If an asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value. For purposes of recognition and measurement of an impairment loss, a long-lived asset or assets are grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level with independent and identifiable cash flows. Assets to be disposed of by sale are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less estimated cost to sell.

 

Asset retirement obligations related to restoration of certain leased properties upon lease termination are recorded in Other liabilities with a corresponding increase in leasehold improvements. The amounts represent the present value of expected future cash flows associated with returning such leased properties to their original condition. The difference between the gross and present value of expected future cash flows is accreted over the life of the related leases as a non-interest expense.

 

Goodwill—The BTMU Group reports the excess of the cost of investments in subsidiaries over its share of the fair value of net assets at the date of acquisition as Goodwill. Goodwill related to investments in equity method investees is included in Other assets as a part of the carrying amount of investments in equity method investees.

 

Goodwill arising from a business combination is not amortized but is tested for impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” Goodwill is recorded at a designated reporting unit level for the purpose of assessing impairment. A reporting unit is an operating segment, or an identified business unit one level below an operating segment. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value.

 

Intangible assets—Intangible assets consist of software, core deposit intangibles, customer relationships, trade names and other intangible assets. These are amortized over their estimated useful lives unless they have indefinite useful lives. Amortization of intangible assets is computed in a manner that best reflects the economic benefits of the intangible assets as follows:

 

     Useful lives
(years)
  

Amortization method

Software

   2 to 10   

Straight-line

Core deposit intangibles

   4 to 18   

Declining-balance

Customer relationships

   10 to 30   

Declining-balance

Trade names

   6 to 20   

Straight-line

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Intangible assets having indefinite useful lives, primarily certain trade names, are not amortized but are subject to annual impairment tests. An impairment exists if the carrying value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value. For other intangible assets subject to amortization, an impairment is recognized if the carrying amount is not recoverable and the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the intangible asset.

 

The BTMU Group capitalizes certain costs associated with the acquisition or development of internal-use software. Costs subject to capitalization are salaries and employee benefits for employees who are directly associated with and who devote time to the internal-use computer software project, to the extent of time spent directly on the project. Once the software is ready for its intended use, the BTMU Group begins to amortize capitalized costs on a straight-line basis.

 

Accrued Severance and Pension Liabilities—The BTMU Group has defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans, including severance indemnities plans. The liabilities related to these plans are computed and recognized based on actuarial computations. Unrecognized net actuarial gains and losses that arise from differences between actual experiences and assumptions are generally amortized over the average remaining service period of participating employees if it exceeds the corridor, which is defined as the greater of 10% of plan assets or the projected benefit obligation. Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R),” an excess of the accumulated benefit obligation over the plan assets was recognized in the consolidated balance sheets as the minimum liability, and a corresponding intangible assets was recognized up to the amount equal to the total of unrecognized prior service cost and unrecognized net obligation at transition. To the extent that the minimum liability exceeds the intangible asset, it was recognized in accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources. The costs of the plans, based on actuarial computations of current and future employee benefits, were charged to Salaries and employee benefits.

 

The BTMU Group adopted the recognition provisions of SFAS No. 158 as of March 31, 2007. See Accounting Changes—Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans and Note 16 for further information.

 

Long-Term Debt—Premiums, discounts and issuance costs of long-term debt are amortized based on the method that approximates the interest method over the terms of the long-term debt.

 

Obligations under Guarantees—The BTMU Group provides customers with a variety of guarantees and similar arrangements, including standby letters of credit, financial and performance guarantees, credit protections, and liquidity facilities. The BTMU Group recognizes guarantee fee income over the guarantee period based on the contractual terms of the guarantee contracts. It is the BTMU Group’s dominant business practice to receive a guarantee fee at the inception of the guarantee, which approximates market value of the guarantee and is initially recorded as a liability, which is then recognized as guarantee fee income ratably over the guarantee period.

 

Allowance for repayment of excess interest—The BTMU Group maintains an allowance for repayment of excess interest, under SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies,” based on an analysis of past experience of reimbursement of excess interest, borrowers’ profile and recent trend of borrowers’ demand for reimbursement. The allowance is recorded as a liability in Other liabilities.

 

Fees and Commissions—Revenue recognition of major components of fees and commissions is as follows:

 

  Ÿ  

Fees on funds transfer and collection services and fees from investment banking services are generally recognized as revenue when the related services are performed.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

  Ÿ  

Fees from trade-related financing services are recognized over the period of the financing.

 

  Ÿ  

Trust fees are recognized on an accrual basis, generally based on the volume of trust assets under management and/or the operating performance for the accounting period of each trust account.

 

  Ÿ  

Annual fees and royalty and other service charges related to credit card business are recorded on a straight-line basis as services are provided.

 

  Ÿ  

Interchange income from credit card business is recognized as billed.

 

  Ÿ  

Fees on guarantees are generally recognized over the contractual periods of the respective guarantees. Amounts initially recorded as a liability corresponding to the obligations at fair value are generally recognized as revenue over the terms of the guarantees as the BTMU Group is deemed to be released from the risk under guarantees.

 

  Ÿ  

Service charges on deposit accounts, and fees and commissions from other services are generally recognized over the period that the service is provided.

 

Income Taxes—The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of (1) temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, and (2) operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. A valuation allowance is recognized for any portion of the deferred tax assets where it is considered more likely than not that it will not be realized. The provision for deferred taxes is based on the change in the net deferred tax asset or liability during the fiscal year.

 

Free Distributions of Common Shares—As permitted by the Commercial Code of Japan (the “Code”) and as revised under the Company Law, Japanese companies, upon approval by the Board of Directors, may make a free distribution of shares, in the form of a “stock split” as defined, to shareholders. In accordance with generally accepted accounting practice in Japan, such distribution does not give rise to any change in capital stock or capital surplus accounts. Common shares distributed are recorded as shares issued on the distribution date. See Note 19.

 

Earnings per Common Share—Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) excludes dilutive effects of potential common shares and is computed by dividing income available to a common stock shareholder by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, while diluted EPS gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares that were outstanding during the period. See Note 22 for the computation of basic and diluted EPS.

 

Parent Company’s Stock—The BTMU Group presents its parent company’s stock as a reduction of shareholder’s equity on the consolidated balance sheets at cost and accounts for parent company’s stock transactions under the average cost method. Gains (losses) on sales of the parent company’s stock are charged to capital surplus.

 

Comprehensive Income (Loss)—The BTMU Group’s comprehensive income (loss) includes net income (loss) and other changes in equity from nonowner sources. All changes in unrealized gains and losses on investment securities available for sale, unrealized gains and losses on derivatives qualifying for cash flow hedges, pension liability adjustments and foreign currency translation adjustments constitute the BTMU Group’s changes in equity from nonowner sources and are presented, with related income tax effects, in the consolidated statements of changes in equity from nonowner sources.

 

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Stock-Based Compensation—BTMU and certain of its subsidiaries have stock-based compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 31. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006, as allowed under SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” compensation expense was recognized using the intrinsic value-based method of valuing stock options prescribed in Accounting Principles Board Opinions (“APB”) No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” and related interpretations. Under the intrinsic value-based method, compensation expense was measured as the amount by which the quoted market price of these subsidiaries’ stock at the date of grant exceeded the stock option exercise price. On April 1, 2006, the BTMU Group adopted SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS No. 123R”). See Accounting ChangesShare-Based Payment and Note 31 for further information.

 

Had the employee stock-based compensation plans been accounted for under the fair value method of SFAS No. 123, the BTMU Group’s compensation expense, net income, and net income per share would have been the pro forma amounts indicated in the following table:

 

     For the fiscal year
ended
March 31, 2006
 
     (in millions)  

Reported net income

   ¥ 228,779  

Add: Stock-based employee compensation expense (included in reported net income, net of tax)

     322  

Less: Stock-based employee compensation expense (determined under fair value based method for all awards, net of tax)

     (1,688 )
        

Pro forma net income, after stock-based employee compensation expense

   ¥ 227,413  
        

Basic earnings per common share—net income available to a common shareholder:

     (in Yen)  

Reported

   ¥ 30.72  

Pro forma

     30.53  

Diluted earnings per common share—net income available to a common shareholder:

  

Reported

     27.07  

Pro forma

     26.91  

 

Change in Accounting Estimates

 

BTMU and its domestic subsidiaries have reviewed the salvage values of premises and equipment and decided to change the estimated salvage values of these assets to ¥1 during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Under the provision of SFAS No. 154 “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, a replacement of APB Opinion No. 20 and FASB Statement No. 3,” a change in salvage values of depreciable assets is treated as a change in accounting estimate. The effect of this change has been reflected on a prospective basis beginning April 1, 2007. This change had an adverse impact on income from continuing operations before income tax expense and net loss of ¥47 billion and ¥28 billion, respectively, and a corresponding impact on both basic and diluted loss per share of ¥2.71 per share for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.

 

The BTMU Group periodically updates underlying assumptions to make a current estimate of allowance for credit losses. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, in addition to such routine update of estimates to reflect current conditions, BTMU adopted an advanced estimation to determine appropriate level of formula allowance, which is estimated based primarily on the default ratio and recoverable ratio. Previously, recoverable ratio was computed from the major cases of a default event such as legal bankruptcy. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, BTMU began incorporating other credit events for its recoverable ratio to better reflect broader cases of default. In addition, BTMU made an adjustment for the impact of heterogeneous size of

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

borrowers among its loan portfolio to estimate the appropriate level of the formula allowance for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Since the default ratio is statistically computed by counting one credit event as one regardless of the size of borrowers, BTMU commenced making an additional reserve by looking to monetary level of past defaults in addition to the number of defaults. The effect from those changes had a positive impact on income from continuing operations before income tax expense and net loss of ¥45 billion and ¥27 billion, respectively, and a corresponding impact on both basic and diluted loss per share of ¥2.61 per share for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.

 

Accounting Changes

 

Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations—In March 2005, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued FASB Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 47, “Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 143.” FIN No. 47 clarifies that the term “conditional asset retirement obligation” as used in SFAS No. 143, “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations” refers to a legal obligation to perform an asset retirement activity in which the timing and/or method of settlement are conditional on a future event that may or may not be within the control of the entity. The obligation to perform the asset retirement activity is unconditional even though uncertainty exists about the timing and/or method of settlement. SFAS No. 143 acknowledges that in some cases, sufficient information may not be available to reasonably estimate the fair value of an asset retirement obligation. FIN No. 47 also clarifies when an entity would have sufficient information to reasonably estimate the fair value of an asset retirement obligation. FIN No. 47 is effective no later than the end of fiscal years ending after December 15, 2005. Effective March 31, 2006, the BTMU Group adopted FIN No. 47 to existing asset retirement obligations associated with commitments to return property subject to operating leases to its original condition upon lease termination. The cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle was to decrease net income by ¥8,425 million. This adjustment represents the cumulative depreciation and accretion that would have been recognized through the date of adoption of FIN No. 47 had the statement applied to the BTMU Group’s existing asset retirement obligations at the time they were initially incurred.

 

Had the asset retirement obligations been accounted for under FIN No. 47 at the inception of operating leases requiring restoration, the BTMU Group’s net income and net income per share would have been the pro forma amounts indicated in the following table:

 

     For the fiscal year
ended
March 31, 2006
     (in millions)

Reported net income

   ¥ 228,779

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle related to adoption of FIN No. 47, net of taxes:

  

Reported

     8,425

Pro forma

     410
      

Pro forma net income, after cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle related to adoption of FIN No. 47, net of taxes

   ¥ 236,794
      

Basic earnings per common share—net income available to a common shareholder:

     (in Yen)

Reported

   ¥ 30.72

Pro forma

     31.83

Diluted earnings per common share—net income available to a common shareholder:

  

Reported

     27.07

Pro forma

     28.06

 

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Share-Based Payment—In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123R. SFAS No. 123R replaces SFAS No. 123, and supersedes APB No. 25. In March 2005, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 107, which provides interpretive guidance on SFAS No. 123R. SFAS No. 123 preferred a fair-value-based method of accounting for share-based payment transactions with employees, but it permitted the option of continuing to apply the intrinsic-value-based measurement method in APB No. 25, as long as the footnotes to the financial statements disclosed what net income would have been had the preferable fair-value-based method been used. SFAS No. 123R eliminates the alternative to use the intrinsic value method of accounting and requires entities to recognize the costs of share-based payment transactions with employees based on the grant-date fair value of those awards over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. SFAS No. 123R is effective as of the beginning of the fiscal year or interim period beginning after June 15, 2005. The BTMU Group adopted SFAS No. 123R on April 1, 2006 under the modified prospective method, which resulted in a decrease in income from continuing operations before income tax expense of ¥1,969 million and a decrease in income from continuing operations, net of taxes, of ¥1,026 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007, which includes estimated forfeitures for restricted stock and the amortization of compensation costs related to unvested stock options. The corresponding impact on both basic and diluted earnings per share was a reduction of ¥0.10 per share for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The adoption of SFAS No. 123R did not have a material impact on the BTMU Group’s cash flows. See Note 31 for a further discussion of the adoption of SFAS No. 123R and stock-based compensation plans.

 

Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans—In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158. SFAS No. 158 requires entities to recognize a net liability or asset to report the funded status of their defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans in its consolidated statement of financial position and recognize changes in the funded status of defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans in the year in which the changes occur in comprehensive income. SFAS No. 158 also clarifies that defined benefit assets and obligations should be measured as of the date of the entity’s fiscal year-end statement of financial positions. The requirement to recognize the funded status as of the date of the statement of financial position is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2006. The requirement to measure plan assets and benefit obligations as of the date of the statement of financial position is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2008.

 

The BTMU Group adopted the recognition provisions of SFAS No. 158, which resulted in an increase in accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources of ¥99,748 million, net of taxes, and had no impact on how the BTMU Group determined its net periodic benefit costs as of March 31, 2007.

 

The BTMU Group will adopt the measurement date provisions of SFAS No. 158 that changes the measurement date for the plan assets and benefit obligations of BTMU and some of its domestic subsidiaries from December 31 to March 31 beginning on April 1, 2008 by using the approach that remeasures plan assets and benefit obligations as of March 31, 2008. The BTMU Group recognized ¥411 million in gains on settlement during January 1, 2008 to March 31, 2008 for the year ended March 31, 2008 and estimates a decrease in the beginning balance of retained earnings as of April 1, 2008 by ¥3,890 million, net of taxes, and a decrease in the beginning balance of accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources as of April 1, 2008 by ¥127,816 million, net of taxes, from adopting this provision. The estimated impact on the beginning balance of the accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources upon adoption of the measurement date provision of SFAS No. 158 as of April 1, 2008 is mainly due to a decrease in fair value of the plan assets of ¥175,680 million and an increase in benefit obligations of ¥32,382 million caused by a decline in the discount rate from December 31, 2007 to March 31, 2008.

 

Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments—In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments.” SFAS No. 155 amends SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for

 

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” and SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities,” and resolves issues addressed in SFAS No. 133 Implementation Issue D1, “Application of Statement 133 to Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets.” SFAS No. 155 permits fair value remeasurement for any hybrid financial instrument that contains an embedded derivative that otherwise would require bifurcation and clarifies which interest-only strips and principal-only strips are not subject to the requirements of SFAS No. 133. SFAS No. 155 establishes a requirement to evaluate interests in securitized financial assets to identify interests that are freestanding derivatives or that are hybrid financial instruments that contain an embedded derivative requiring bifurcation. SFAS No. 155 also clarifies that concentrations of credit risk in the form of subordination are not embedded derivatives and amends SFAS No. 140 to eliminate the prohibition on a qualifying special purpose entity from holding a derivative financial instrument that pertains to a beneficial interest other than another derivative financial instrument. SFAS No. 155 is effective for all financial instruments acquired or issued after the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. The BTMU Group adopted SFAS No. 155 on April 1, 2007, which did not have a material impact on its financial position and results of operations.

 

Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets—In March 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 156, “Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets.” SFAS No. 156 amends SFAS No. 140 with respect to the accounting for separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities. SFAS No. 156 requires an entity to recognize a servicing asset or servicing liability each time it undertakes an obligation to service a financial asset by entering into a servicing contract, and requires all separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities to be initially measured at fair value, if practicable. SFAS No. 156 permits an entity to choose either the amortization method or the fair value measurement method for each class of separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities. SFAS No. 156 requires separate presentation of servicing assets and servicing liabilities subsequently measured at fair value in the statement of financial position and additional disclosures for all separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities. SFAS No. 156 is effective for the fiscal year beginning after September 15, 2006. Earlier adoption is permitted. The BTMU Group adopted SFAS No. 156 on April 1, 2007, which did not have a material impact on its financial position and results of operations.

 

Determining the Variability to Be Considered in Applying FIN No. 46R—In April 2006, the FASB staff issued an FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) on FIN No. 46R, “Determining the Variability to Be Considered in Applying FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)” (“FSP FIN No. 46R-6”). This FSP states that the variability to be considered in applying FIN No. 46R shall be based on an analysis of the design of the entity as outlined in the following two steps: (a) analyze the nature of the risks in the entity, (b) determine the purpose for which the entity was created and determine the variability (created by the risks identified in step (a)) the entity is designed to create and pass along to its interest holders. For the purposes of this FSP, interest holders include all potential variable interest holders (including contractual, ownership, or other pecuniary interests in the entity). After determining the variability to be considered, the reporting enterprise can determine which interests are designed to absorb that variability. The FSP should be applied prospectively to all entities (including newly created entities) with which an enterprise first becomes involved, and to all entities previously required to be analyzed under FIN No. 46R when a reconsideration event has occurred beginning the first day of the first reporting period beginning after June 15, 2006. Early application is permitted for periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. Retrospective application to the date of the initial application of FIN No. 46R is permitted but not required. If retrospective application is elected, it must be completed no later than the end of the first annual reporting period ending after July 15, 2006. The BTMU Group adopted this FSP on April 1, 2007, which did not have a material impact on its financial position and results of operations.

 

Uncertainty in Income Taxes—In June 2006, the FASB issued FIN No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes.” FIN No. 48 requires recognition of a tax benefit to the extent of management’s best estimate of the impact of a tax position based on the technical merits of the position, provided it is more likely than not that

 

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the tax position will be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation process. FIN No. 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. The BTMU Group adopted FIN No. 48 on April 1, 2007, which reduced the beginning balance of retained earnings by ¥3,701 million. See Note 11 for additional information related to the adoption of FIN No. 48.

 

Leveraged Leases— In July, 2006, the FASB issued an FSP on SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for a Change or Projected Change in the Timing of Cash Flows Relating to Income Taxes Generated by a Leveraged Lease Transaction.” This FSP requires if, during the lease term, the projected timing of the income tax cash flows generated by a leveraged lease is revised, the rate of return and the allocation of income shall be recalculated from the inception of the lease. At adoption, the cumulative effect of applying the provisions of this FSP shall be reported as an adjustment to the beginning balance of retained earnings as of the beginning of the period in which this FSP is adopted. This FSP is effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The BTMU Group adopted the provisions of this FSP on April 1, 2007, which reduced the beginning balance of retained earnings by ¥5,725 million, net of taxes. The reduction to retained earnings at adoption will be recognized in interest income over the remaining terms of the affected leases as tax benefits are realized.

 

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

 

Fair Value Measurements—In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements.” SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements, the FASB having previously concluded in those accounting pronouncements that fair value is the relevant measurement attribute. Accordingly, SFAS No. 157 does not require any new fair value measurements. Under SFAS No. 157, fair value refers to the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the market in which the reporting entity transacts. SFAS No. 157 clarifies the principle that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. In support of this principle, SFAS No. 157 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop those assumptions. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable data, for example, the reporting entity’s own data. Under SFAS No. 157, fair value measurements would be separately disclosed by level within the fair value hierarchy. SFAS No. 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. SFAS No. 157 shall be applied prospectively, except for the provisions related to block discounts and existing derivative and hybrid financial instruments measured at fair value under SFAS No. 133 as modified by SFAS No. 155 using the transaction price in accordance with the guidance in EITF Issue No. 02-3 “Issues Involved in Accounting for Derivative Contracts Held for Trading Purposes and Contracts Involved in Energy Trading and Risk Management Activities.” SFAS No. 157 nullifies the guidance in EITF Issue No. 02-3 which requires the deferral of trade date gains or losses on derivatives where the fair value of those derivatives are not obtained from a quoted market price, supported by comparison to other observable market transactions, or based upon a valuation technique incorporating observable market data. Upon adoption of SFAS No. 157, the difference between the carrying amount and fair value of the derivatives measured using the guidance in EITF Issue No. 02-3 is to be recognized as an adjustment to the beginning balance of retained earnings. The outstanding balance of the deferred profit in accordance with EITF Issue No. 02-3 was approximately ¥2 billion, net of taxes at March 31, 2008. SFAS No. 157 also precludes the use of a blockage factor when measuring financial instruments traded in an active market at fair value and requires consideration of nonperformance risk when measuring liabilities at fair value. In February 2008, the FASB staff issued another FSP on SFAS No. 157, “Application of FASB Statement No. 157 to FASB Statement No. 13 and Other Accounting Pronouncements That Address Fair Value

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Measurements for Purposes of Lease Classification or Measurement under Statement 13” (“FSP SFAS No. 157-1”). FSP SFAS No. 157-1 amends SFAS No. 157 to exclude SFAS No. 13, “Accounting for Leases,” and other accounting pronouncements that address fair value measurements for purposes of lease classification or measurement under SFAS No. 13. However, this scope exception does not apply to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination that are required to be measured at fair value under SFAS No. 141, or SFAS No. 141R, “Business Combinations,” regardless of whether those assets and liabilities are related to leases. In addition, in February 2008, the FASB staff issued an FSP on SFAS No. 157, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157” (“FSP SFAS No. 157-2”). FSP SFAS No. 157-2 applies to nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in an entity’s financial statements on a recurring basis and defers the effective date of SFAS No. 157 to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years for those items. The BTMU Group has not completed the study of what effect SFAS No. 157 and these FSPs will have on its financial position and results of operations.

 

Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Benefit Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements—In September 2006, the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force (the “EITF”) reached a consensus on EITF Issue No. 06-4, “Accounting for Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Benefit Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements.” This EITF requires that an agreement by the employer to share a portion of the proceeds of a life insurance policy with the employee during the postretirement period is a postretirement benefit arrangement for which a liability must be recorded. The BTMU Group will adopt this EITF on April 1, 2008. The impact of adopting EITF 06-4 is not expected to be significant on the BTMU Group’s financial position and results of operations.

 

Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, including an amendment of FASB Statement No 115.” SFAS No. 159 allows entities to choose, at specified election dates, to measure eligible financial assets and liabilities and certain other items at fair value that are not otherwise required to be measured at fair value. If a company elects the fair value option for an eligible item, changes in that item’s fair value in subsequent reporting periods must be recognized in current earnings. SFAS No. 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. Early adoption is permitted subject to certain conditions. The BTMU Group adopted SFAS No. 159 on April 1, 2008. The BTMU Group elected the fair value option for foreign securities classified as available-for-sale held by BTMU in the amount of ¥8,657,886 million, whose unrealized gains and losses are reported within accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources as of March 31, 2008. BTMU economically manages, through its asset and liability management activities, risks associated with its foreign currency denominated financial assets and liabilities due to fluctuation of foreign exchange rates. However, prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 159 for these securities, gains and losses on translation of these securities were reflected in other changes in equity from nonowner sources, while gains and losses on translation of foreign currency denominated financial liabilities were included in current earnings. The BTMU Group elected the fair value option for these securities to mitigate accounting mismatches due to fluctuations of foreign exchange rates. As a result of adopting the fair value option on these securities, BTMU estimates an increase in the beginning balance of retained earnings as of April 1, 2008 of ¥10,408 million, net of tax.

 

Netting of Cash Collateral against Derivative Exposures—In April 2007, the FASB staff issued an FSP on FIN No. 39, “Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39.” This FSP permits offsetting of fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral (a receivable) or obligation to return cash collateral (a payable) against fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting arrangements, and amends FIN No. 39 to replace the terms “conditional contracts” and “exchange contracts” with the term “derivative instruments”, as defined in SFAS No. 133. Upon adoption of this FSP, a reporting entity is permitted to change its accounting policy to offset or not offset fair value amounts

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

recognized for derivative instruments under master netting arrangements, however, the effects of applying this FSP is required to be recognized as a change in accounting principle through retrospective application for all financial statements presented unless it is impracticable to do so. This FSP is effective for the fiscal year beginning after November 15, 2007. Beginning April 1,2008, the BTMU Group is planning to change the accounting policy to not offset fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments under master netting agreements. The impact of adopting this FSP is expected to result in an increase of total assets and total liabilities by ¥3,984,255 million at March 31, 2007 and ¥6,365,340 million at March 31, 2008.

 

Investment Company Accounting—In June 2007, the AICPA issued SOP 07-1, “Clarification of the Scope of the Audit and Accounting Guide Investment Companies and Accounting by Parent Companies and Equity Method Investors for Investments in Investment Companies.” SOP 07-1 provides guidance for determining whether an entity is within the scope of the AICPA Guide. The statement also addresses whether the specialized industry accounting principles of the AICPA Guide should be retained by a parent company in consolidation or by an investor that has the ability to exercise significant influence over the investment company and applies the equity method of accounting to its investment in the entity. In addition, in May 2007, the FASB staff issued an FSP on FIN No. 46R, “Application of FIN No. 46R to Investment Companies,” (“FSP FIN No. 46R-7”), which amends FIN No. 46R to make permanent the temporary deferral of the application of FIN No. 46R to entities within the scope of the revised audit guide under SOP 07-1. These new standards were expected to be effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2007, with earlier application encouraged. However, in February 2008, the FASB issued an FSP on SOP 07-1, “Effective Date of AICPA Statement of Position 07-1” (“FSP SOP 07-1-1”), to delay indefinitely the effective dates of SOP 07-1 and the effectivity of FSP FIN No. 46R-7 in order to address implementation issues. For entities that have not yet adopted the provisions of SOP 07-1 and FSP FIN No. 46R-7, early adoption will not be permitted during the indefinite deferral.

 

Income tax benefits on Share-Based Payment Awards—In June 2007, the EITF reached a consensus on Issue No. 06-11, “Accounting for Income Tax Benefits of Dividends on Share-Based Payment Awards” (“EITF 06-11”), which was ratified by the FASB in June 2007. EITF 06-11 requires that realized tax benefits from dividends or dividend equivalents paid on equity-classified share-based payment awards that are charged to retained earnings should be recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital and included in the pool of excess tax benefits available to absorb tax deficiencies on share-based payment awards. EITF 06-11 is effective prospectively for the income tax benefits on dividends declared in fiscal years beginning after December 15,

2007. The BTMU Group has not completed the study of what effect EITF 06-11 will have on its financial position and results of operations.

 

Business Combinations—In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141R. SFAS No. 141R will significantly change the accounting for business combinations while retaining the fundamental requirements in SFAS No. 141, that the acquisition method of accounting (which SFAS No. 141 called the purchase method) be used for all business combinations and for an acquirer to be identified for each business combination. SFAS No. 141R further expands the definitions of a business and the fair value measurement and reporting in a business combination. SFAS No. 141R states that all business combinations (whether full, partial or step acquisitions) will result in all the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling (minority) interests in the acquiree being recorded at their acquisition-date fair values with limited exceptions. Certain forms of contingent considerations and certain acquired contingencies will be recorded at their acquisition-date fair value. SFAS No. 141R also states acquisition costs will generally be expensed as incurred, restructuring costs will be expensed in periods after the acquisition date, and changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and income tax uncertainties after the acquisition date generally will affect income tax expense. SFAS No. 141R also includes a substantial number of new disclosure requirements to disclose all information needed to evaluate and understand the nature and financial effect of the business combination. SFAS No. 141R applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting

 

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period beginning on or after December 15, 2008 with early adoption prohibited. The BTMU Group has not completed the study of what effect SFAS No. 141R will have on its financial position and results of operations.

 

Noncontrolling Interests—In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of ARB No. 51.” SFAS No. 160 requires a company to clearly identify and present ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent in the consolidated financial statements within the equity section but separate from the parent’s equity. It also requires the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest be clearly identified and presented on the face of the consolidated statements of operations; changes in parent’s ownership interest while the parent retains its controlling financial interest in its subsidiary be accounted for similarly as equity transactions; and when a subsidiary is deconsolidated, any retained noncontrolling equity investment in the former subsidiary and the gain or loss on the deconsolidation of the subsidiary be measured at fair value. SFAS No. 160 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008 with early adoption prohibited. The BTMU Group has not completed the study of what effect SFAS No. 160 will have on its financial position and results of operations.

 

Disclosure about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities—In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133.” SFAS No. 161 requires enhance disclosures about (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS No. 133 and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. The significant additional disclosures required by SFAS No. 161 include (1) a tabular summary of the fair values of derivative instruments and their gains and losses, (2) disclosure of credit- risk-related contingent features in order to provide more information regarding an entity’s liquidity from using derivatives, and (3) cross-referencing within footnotes to make it easier for financial statement users to locate important information about derivative instruments. SFAS No. 161 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, with early application encouraged. It encourages but does not require comparative disclosures for earlier periods at initial adoption. SFAS No. 161 will only affect the BTMU Group’s disclosures of derivative instruments and related hedging activities, and will not affect its financial position and results of operations.

 

Hierarchy of GAAPs—In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” The main objective of SFAS No. 162 is to include the GAAP Hierarchy within the accounting literature established by the FASB rather than within AICPA’s Statement of Auditing Standards No. 69, “The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” SFAS No. 162 is effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) amendments to AU Section 411, “The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”. The impact of adopting SFAS No. 162 is not expected to be significant on the BTMU Group’s financial position and results of operations.

 

Disclosures about Credit Derivatives and Certain Guarantees—In September 2008, the FASB staff issued an FSP on SFAS No. 133 and FIN No. 45, “Disclosures about Credit Derivatives and Certain Guarantees: An Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 and FASB Interpretation No. 45; and Clarification of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 161.” This FSP amends SFAS No. 133 to require a seller of credit derivatives to disclose information about its credit derivatives and hybrid instruments that have embedded credit derivatives. In addition, the FSP amends FIN No. 45, “Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others—an interpretation of FASB Statements No. 5, 57, and 107 and rescission of FASB interpretation No. 34,” and requires guarantors to additionally disclose the current status of the payments/performance risk of the guarantee so that the disclosure will provide similar information

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

as the disclosure relating to credit derivatives and hybrid instruments that have embedded credit derivatives under SFAS No. 133, as amended by this FSP. This FSP also clarifies the FASB’s intent that disclosure required by SFAS No. 161 should be provided for any reporting period (annual or interim) beginning after November 15, 2008. This FSP is effective for the reporting periods (annual or interim) ending after November 15, 2008. This FSP will affect the BTMU Group’s disclosures of credit derivatives and certain guarantees, but will not affect its financial position and results of operations.

 

2.    BUSINESS COMBINATION

 

Merger with UFJ Bank

 

Pursuant to the merger agreement dated April 20, 2005 between MTFG and UFJ Holdings and their respective subsidiaries, BTM merged with UFJ Bank on January 1, 2006 and was renamed BTMU. MTFG, the parent company of BTM completed its merger with UFJ Holdings on October 1, 2005 and therefore the results of the UFJ Bank Group’s operations have been included in the consolidated financial statements subsequent to October 1, 2005.

 

The UFJ Bank Group was one of Japan’s leading providers of financial services with a competitive domestic position in the Nagoya and Osaka areas, as well as a client base of small and medium-sized enterprises and retail customers which complements BTM’s subsidiaries. These anticipated synergies contributed to a purchase price that resulted in the recognition of goodwill.

 

As a result of the merger, BTMU is expected to be a leading comprehensive financial group that is competitive on both a domestic and global basis, providing a broad range of financial products and services to customers with increasingly diverse and sophisticated needs.

 

As provided for by the merger agreement, BTM remained as the surviving entity of the merger. Each outstanding share of common stock of UFJ Bank was converted into 0.62 shares of common stock of BTMU. Each outstanding share of Preferred Stock (Series 1 Class A, D and Series 2 Class D) of UFJ Bank was converted into one share of Preferred Stock (Series 1 Class 3, 4, 5 respectively) of BTMU. Each outstanding share of Series 1 Class E, G, Series 2 Class G and Series 1 Class H Preferred Stock was converted into 0.34, 0.34, 0.34 and 3.44 shares of common stock of BTMU, respectively. As a result, BTMU newly issued 4,286,351 thousand shares of common stock and 500,000 thousand shares of preferred stock to MUFG upon the statutory merger.

 

Purchase Price Allocation

 

The merger was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting in accordance with SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations” and the accounting was based on the push-down concept because BTM was a wholly-owned subsidiary of MTFG. Thus, the assigned value to the equity interests issued was based on the relative fair value of the UFJ Bank Group to the total purchase price of the UFJ Holdings Group of ¥4,406,146 million determined by MTFG. The purchase price of the UFJ Bank Group amounted to ¥4,627,995 million, of which ¥4,625,939 million was recorded in capital surplus relating to merger with UFJ Bank, and direct acquisition costs of ¥2,056 million were included in the purchase price.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The purchase price of the UFJ Bank Group was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of October 1, 2005, as summarized below:

 

     (in millions)  

Total purchase price

   ¥ 4,627,995  

Less (add):

  

Shareholder’s equity of the UFJ Bank Group

     2,738,866  

The UFJ Bank Group’s goodwill and other intangible assets

     (2,496,906 )

Estimated adjustments to reflect assets acquired at fair value:

  

Investment securities

     311,414  

Net loans

     464,660  

Premises and equipment

     25,655  

Intangible assets

     997,822  

Deferred tax assets

     1,294,922  

Others

     (21,379 )

Estimated adjustments to reflect liabilities assumed at fair value:

  

Long-term debt

     (602,742 )

Deferred tax liabilities

     9,778  

Others

     204,866  
        

Total fair value of net assets acquired

     2,926,956  
        

Goodwill

   ¥ 1,701,039  
        

 

See Note 10 for the amount of goodwill by reportable segment.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Condensed statement of net assets acquired

 

The following condensed statement of net assets acquired reflects the fair value of the assets and liabilities of the UFJ Bank Group as of October 1, 2005:

 

      (in millions)

Assets:

  

Cash and due from banks

   ¥ 5,393,320

Interest-earning deposits in other banks

     862,505

Call loans and funds sold

     303,386

Receivables under resale agreements

     1,732,212

Receivables under securities borrowing transactions

     939,841

Trading account assets

     3,290,634

Investment securities

     19,287,760

Net loans

     39,309,937

Premises and equipment

     465,318

Customers’ acceptance liability

     42,752

Intangible assets

     997,822

Goodwill

     1,701,039

Deferred tax assets

     1,320,636

Others

     1,390,249
      

Total assets

   ¥ 77,037,411
      

Liabilities:

  

Deposits

   ¥ 50,477,200

Call money and funds purchased

     1,296,824

Payables under repurchase agreements

     3,401,945

Payables under securities lending transactions

     264,000

Due to trust account and other short-term borrowings

     6,394,972

Trading account liabilities

     2,260,130

Bank acceptances outstanding

     42,752

Long-term debt

     6,047,515

Deferred tax liabilities

     32,353

Others

     2,191,725
      

Total liabilities

     72,409,416
      

Net assets acquired including goodwill

   ¥ 4,627,995
      

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Intangible assets acquired

 

The estimated useful lives of the intangible assets at October 1, 2005 were as follows:

 

     Fair value    Weighted
average life
     (in millions)    (in years)

Intangible assets subject to amortization:

     

Core deposit intangibles

   ¥ 569,700    18

Customer relationships

     163,263    18

Software

     122,498    5

Trade names

     29,668    19

Other

     270    18
           

Sub-total

     885,399    16
           

Intangible assets not subject to amortization:

     

Indefinite-lived customer relationships

     87,027   

Indefinite-lived trade names

     17,682   

Other

     7,714   
         

Sub-total

     112,423   
         

Total

   ¥ 997,822   
         

 

Unaudited pro forma combined condensed statements of income

 

The following unaudited pro forma combined condensed statements of income present the results of operations had the merger taken place at the beginning of the period:

 

     For the fiscal year
ended
March 31, 2006
 
     (in millions, except
per share data
and number of shares)
 

Statements of income data:

  

Net interest income

   ¥ 1,974,478  

Provision for credit losses

     238,928  

Non-interest income

     882,697  

Non-interest expense

     2,148,236  
        

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

     470,011  
        

Income from discontinued operations—net

     8,973  

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principles, net of tax

     (8,425 )

Income tax expense

     90,335  
        

Net income

   ¥ 380,224  
        

Amounts per share:

  

Basic earnings per common share—net income available to a common shareholder

   ¥ 37.04  

Diluted earnings per common share—net income available to a common shareholder

     30.94  

Weighted average common share outstanding (in thousands)

     10,076,473  

Weighted average diluted common share outstanding (in thousands)

     12,000,281  

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

3.    DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

 

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006, UnionBanCal Corporation (“UNBC”), a U.S. subsidiary of BTMU whose results were reported as a separate business segment, signed a definitive agreement to sell its international correspondent banking operations to Wachovia Bank, N.A., effective October 6, 2005, and the principal legal closing of the transaction took place on the same day with UNBC receiving ¥25,220 million in cash from Wachovia Bank, N.A. At the principal closing, no loans or other assets were acquired by Wachovia Bank, N.A., and no liabilities were assumed. UNBC continued to operate the international business over a transition period of several months. All of UNBC’s offices designated for disposal were closed as of June 30, 2006. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007, UNBC received an additional ¥466 million as a contingent purchase price payment.

 

The BTMU Group accounted for these transactions as discontinued operations in accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” and presented the results of discontinued operations as a separate line item in the consolidated statements of operations. In addition, assets to be disposed or sold, accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value, and liabilities to be extinguished or assumed in connection with discontinued operations were presented as separate assets and liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets.

 

Interest expense was attributed to discontinued operations based on average net assets. The amount of interest expense allocated to discontinued operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 was ¥1,708 million, ¥209 million and nil, respectively.

 

The severance reserve balances at March 31, 2007 and 2008 were ¥238 million and nil, respectively.

 

During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, UNBC entered into a Deferred Prosecution Agreement with the United States Department of Justice (“DOJ”) relating to past violations of Bank Secrecy Act and other anti-money laundering regulations that occurred in UNBC’s now discontinued international banking business. As part of this agreement, UNBC paid the DOJ ¥2,545 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. The ¥2,545 million payment and ¥194 million of related legal and other outside services costs were allocated to discontinued operations as these past violations pertained to UNBC’s international banking business. The income tax benefit of ¥69 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 reflects the nondeductibility of the ¥2,545 million payment to the DOJ.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

At March 31, 2007, the assets and liabilities identified as discontinued operations were comprised of the following:

 

       2007  
     (in millions)

Assets:

  

Cash and due from banks

   ¥ 2,194

Loans, net of allowance for credit losses

     159

Customers’ acceptance liability

     45

Other

     37
      

Assets of discontinued operations to be disposed or sold

   ¥ 2,435
      

Liabilities:

  

Bank acceptances outstanding

   ¥ 45

Other

     501
      

Liabilities of discontinued operations to be extinguished or assumed

   ¥ 546
      

 

The components of income from discontinued operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 were as follows:

 

          2006               2007               2008       
     (in millions)  

Total revenue

   ¥ 14,141     ¥ 1,604     ¥  
                        

Loss from discontinued operations

   ¥ (2,563 )   ¥ (2,451 )   ¥ (2,739 )

Gains on disposal

     25,220       466        

Minority interest in income (loss) of consolidated subsidiaries

     5,607       (434 )     (924 )

Income tax expense (benefit)

     8,077       (734 )     (69 )
                        

Income (loss) from discontinued operations—net

   ¥ 8,973     ¥ (817 )   ¥ (1,746 )
                        

 

4.    OTHER BUSINESS DEVELOPMENTS

 

Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd.

 

On July 1, 2005, BTMU transferred substantially all common shares of Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Co., Ltd. (“MUS”), a former securities subsidiary of BTMU, to MUFG for ¥228 billion. At the same time, BTMU provided a loan of ¥228 billion to MUFG for the purchase of MUS shares. As a result of the transfer, MUS became a directly-owned subsidiary of MUFG. The BTMU Group accounted for the transfer of shares as a constructive dividend-in-kind of MUS shares to MUFG by the carrying amount of shares, and the BTMU’s loan receivable from MUFG as a constructive capital contribution with the loan receivable reflected as a deduction of the shareholder’s equity. The loan receivable from MUFG will decrease on repayment of the loan by MUFG and, accordingly, the constructive capital contribution will be recognized as an increase in shareholder’s equity upon collection of the loan receivable. As a result, no gain or loss has been recognized on the transfer of common shares of MUS.

 

Also, the results of operations of MUS prior to the date of transfer were not reported as discontinued operations due to the BTMU Group’s significant continuing involvement in the operations of MUS after the transfer transaction.

 

On September 30, 2007, MUFG and MUS executed a share exchange. The share exchange ratio was set at 1.02 shares of MUFG common stock to one share of MUS common stock, valuing the transaction at approximately ¥370 billion. The share exchange ratio was calculated based on the MUFG’s stock after the stock split, which was

 

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effective on September 30, 2007. MUFG’s treasury stock was exchanged for the shares of MUS common stock and there was no issurance of new shares. Losses on the share exchange were charged to Capital surplus for the year ended March 31, 2008. As a result of the share exchange, MUS became a wholly owned subsidiary of MUFG.

 

Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd.

 

On April 1, 2007, the merger between UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. (“UFJ NICOS”) and DC Card Co., Ltd. (“DC Card”), two credit card subsidiaries of BTMU, came into effect with UFJ NICOS being the surviving entity and UFJ NICOS renamed Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co., Ltd. (“Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS”). Each share of DC Card’s common stock was exchanged for 30 shares of UFJ NICOS’s common stock. The assets and liabilities acquired through the purchase of the minority interest in DC Card were measured based on their fair value as of April 1, 2007. BTMU initially recorded approximately ¥4 billion of intangible assets.

 

On November 6, 2007, MUFG acquired ¥120 billion of new common shares in Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS. The MUFG Group has approximately 76% ownership of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS compared with its prior holding of approximately 66%. As a result, BTMU’s ownership interests were diluted from approximately 66% to 47%. However, due to the existence of a controlling interest by means other than ownership of voting stock of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS, it is still accounted for as a consolidated subsidiary of BTMU. In addition, this change in the ownership interests resulted in a capital surplus increase of ¥22 billion.

 

In September 2007, MUFG, BTMU, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS and JACCS Co., Ltd. (“JACCS”) entered into a basic agreement that share for share exchanges between MUFG and Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS would be implemented in August 2008 resulting in Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS to be a wholly owned subsidiary of MUFG. Under the provision of SFAS No. 144, a long-lived asset to be disposed of other than by sale (for example, by abandonment, in an exchange for a similar productive long-lived asset, or in a distribution to owners in a spinoff) shall continue to be classified as held and used until it is disposed of. Since the share for share exchange between MUFG and Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS is considered to be a distribution to owners in a spin-off for BTMU, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS is classified as a component of an entity to be held and used until it is disposed of.

 

kabu.com Securities Co., Ltd.

 

BTMU acquired approximately 20% ownership of kabu.com Securities Co., Ltd. (“kabu.com Securities”), a retail online securities company in Japan through tender offers, valuing the transaction at approximately ¥41 billion. Additionally, BTMU acquired additional shares of kabu.com Securities, which were mainly held by the MUFG Group other than subsidiaries of BTMU, resulting in its ownership to approximately 41% through the purchases during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. BTMU has controlling interest by ownership of voting stock and means other than ownership of voting stock of kabu.com Securities. As a result, kabu.com Securities, a former equity method investee of BTMU, became a consolidated subsidiary of BTMU as of that date. The acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting in accordance with SFAS No. 141 and the assets and liabilities of the kabu.com Securities were recorded at their fair value. BTMU recorded approximately ¥34 billion of goodwill and ¥9 billion of intangible assets. The purpose of this acquisition is to strengthen the retail online securities business and enhance comprehensive Internet-based financial services.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

5.    TRADING ACCOUNT ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

 

The following table shows trading account assets and liabilities, carried at estimated fair value, at March 31, 2007 and 2008. For trading derivative contracts executed under legally enforceable master netting agreements, related assets and liabilities are bilaterally offset and reported net by each counterparty.

 

     2007     2008  
     (in millions)  

Trading account assets:

    

Trading securities:

    

Japanese government, prefectural and municipal bonds

   ¥ 222,551     ¥ 527,961  

Commercial paper

     1,449,500       1,200,093  

Equity securities, foreign governments bonds and other securities

     1,166,161       1,218,159  
                

Total

     2,838,212       2,946,213  
                

Trading derivative assets:

    

Interest rate contracts:

    

Forwards and futures

     12,213       20,725  

Swaps and swap-related products

     3,279,781       5,030,582  

Options purchased

     143,489       164,906  
                

Total

     3,435,483       5,216,213  
                

Foreign exchange contracts:

    

Forwards and futures

     779,172       1,352,353  

Swaps

     441,526       933,651  

Options purchased

     368,142       877,665  
                

Total

     1,588,840       3,163,669  
                

Other contracts, mainly commodity and credit-related contracts

     196,502       351,882  

Offsetting of derivatives with the same counterparty under master netting agreements

     (3,981,760 )     (6,363,921 )
                

Total

   ¥ 4,077,277     ¥ 5,314,056  
                

Trading account liabilities:

    

Trading securities sold, not yet purchased

   ¥ 11,382     ¥ 13,250  

Trading derivative liabilities:

    

Interest rate contracts:

    

Forwards and futures

     12,579       18,602  

Swaps and swap-related products

     3,206,910       4,706,907  

Options written

     137,272       168,937  
                

Total

     3,356,761       4,894,446  
                

Foreign exchange contracts:

    

Forwards and futures

     627,240       1,102,395  

Swaps

     436,916       1,045,603  

Options written

     561,207       690,221  
                

Total

     1,625,363       2,838,219  
                

Other contracts, mainly commodity and credit-related contracts

     198,657       315,200  

Offsetting of derivatives with the same counterparty under master netting agreements

     (3,981,760 )     (6,365,210 )
                

Total

   ¥ 1,210,403     ¥ 1,695,905  
                

 

See Note 30 for the methodologies and assumptions used to estimate fair values.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The BTMU Group performs trading activities through market-making, sales and arbitrage, while maintaining risk levels within appropriate limits in accordance with its risk management policy. Net trading gains (losses) for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 were comprised of the following:

 

    2006     2007     2008  
    (in millions)  

Interest rate and other derivative contracts

  ¥ (212,679 )   ¥ 171,040     ¥ 318,154  

Trading account securities, excluding derivatives

    121,508       82,393       (45,685 )
                       

Trading account profits (losses)—net

    (91,171 )     253,433       272,469  

Foreign exchange derivative contracts(1)

    19,407       (108,334 )     35,284  
                       

Net trading gains (losses)(1)

  ¥ (71,764 )   ¥ 145,099     ¥ 307,753  
                       

 

Note:

(1)   Net trading gains (losses) of Foreign exchange derivative contracts for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 has been restated as follows:

 

    For the fiscal year ended
March 31, 2007
 
    As previously reported     As restated  
    (in millions)  

Foreign exchange derivative contracts

  ¥ (9,210 )   ¥ (108,334 )

Net trading gains

    244,223       145,099  

 

6.    INVESTMENT SECURITIES

 

The amortized costs and estimated fair values of investment securities available for sale and being held to maturity at March 31, 2007 and 2008 were as follows:

 

    2007   2008
    Amortized
cost
  Gross
unrealized
gains
  Gross
unrealized
losses
  Estimated
fair value
  Amortized
cost
  Gross
unrealized
gains
  Gross
unrealized
losses
  Estimated
fair value
    (in millions)

Securities available for sale:

               

Debt securities:

               

Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds

  ¥ 18,583,336   ¥ 40,060   ¥ 7,955   ¥ 18,615,441   ¥ 13,453,493   ¥ 50,082   ¥ 20,683   ¥ 13,482,892

Japanese prefectural and municipal bonds

    228,907     1,728     172     230,463     192,748     5,122     126     197,744

Foreign governments and official institutions bonds

    3,124,826     74,585     6,902     3,192,509     2,528,782     32,472     3,963     2,557,291

Corporate bonds

    5,305,168     136,343     2,839     5,438,672     4,711,815     124,457     12,030     4,824,242

Mortgage-backed securities

    2,614,577     76,725     14,206     2,677,096     3,366,228     4,198     5,358     3,365,068

Other debt securities

    2,514,692     60,533     3,318     2,571,907     2,944,335     9,966     103,431     2,850,870

Marketable equity securities

    3,683,629     3,186,477     6,058     6,864,048     3,475,267     1,671,002     47,452     5,098,817
                                               

Total

  ¥ 36,055,135   ¥ 3,576,451   ¥ 41,450   ¥ 39,590,136   ¥ 30,672,668   ¥ 1,897,299   ¥ 193,043   ¥ 32,376,924
                                               

Securities being held to maturity:

               

Debt securities:

               

Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds

  ¥ 2,053,629   ¥ 28   ¥ 7,136   ¥ 2,046,521   ¥ 1,824,929   ¥ 3,014   ¥ 1,730   ¥ 1,826,213

Foreign governments and official institutions bonds

    11,095     352     39     11,408     9,602     664         10,266

Corporate bonds

    40,233     576         40,809     21,630     673         22,303

Other debt securities

    1,997             1,997     1,819             1,819
                                               

Total

  ¥ 2,106,954   ¥ 956   ¥ 7,175   ¥ 2,100,735   ¥ 1,857,980   ¥ 4,351   ¥ 1,730   ¥ 1,860,601
                                               

 

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Investment securities other than securities available for sale or being held to maturity (i.e., nonmarketable equity securities presented in Other investment securities) were primarily carried at cost of ¥552,775 million and ¥466,590 million, at March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively, because their fair values were not readily determinable. The BTMU Group periodically monitors the status of each investee including the credit ratings and changes in the BTMU Group’s share of net assets in the investees as compared with its shares at the time of investment, or utilizes commonly accepted valuation models for certain nonmarketable equity securities issued by public companies which are convertible to marketable common stock in the future, to determine if impairment losses, if any, are to be recognized on these nonmarketable securities. The impairment of cost-method investments is not evaluated when valuation models are not applicable if there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. BTMU Group did not estimate the fair value of such investments in accordance with paragraph 14 and 15 of SFAS No. 107, “Disclosure about Fair Value of Financial Instruments.” These investments had aggregate costs of ¥151,350 million and ¥144,938 million, at March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Investment securities held by certain subsidiaries subject to specialized industry accounting principles in AICPA Guides presented in Other investment securities were carried at fair value of ¥6,872 million and ¥10,654 million at March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

 

See Note 30 for the methodologies and assumptions used to estimate the fair values.

 

The amortized cost and estimated fair values of debt securities being held to maturity and the estimated fair values of debt securities available for sale at March 31, 2008 by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date and securities embedded with call or prepayment options, such as mortgage-backed securities, are included in the table below based on their original final maturities.

 

     Held-to-maturity    Available-for-sale
     Amortized
cost
   Estimated
fair value
   Estimated
fair value
     (in millions)

Due in one year or less

   ¥ 1,317,846    ¥ 1,318,396    ¥ 7,511,888

Due from one year to five years

     467,856      469,489      7,098,684

Due from five years to ten years

     30,753      31,422      5,337,172

Due after ten years

     41,525      41,294      7,330,363
                    

Total

   ¥ 1,857,980    ¥ 1,860,601    ¥ 27,278,107
                    

 

For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, gross realized gains on sales of investment securities available for sale were ¥331,568 million, ¥235,624 million and ¥240,583 million, respectively, and gross realized losses on sales of investment securities available for sale were ¥50,732 million, ¥18,151 million and ¥184,527 million, respectively.

 

For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, losses resulting from write-downs of investment securities to reflect the decline in value considered to be other than temporary were ¥310,022 million, ¥142,817 million and ¥1,315,122 million, respectively, which were included in Investment securities gains (losses)—net in the consolidated statements of operations. The losses of ¥310,022 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 included losses of ¥172,685 million from Japanese national government bonds classified as available for sale. The losses of ¥1,315,122 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 included losses of ¥1,024,985 million from debt securities available for sale mainly classified as Foreign governments and official institutions bonds and Mortgage-backed securities, and ¥249,791 million from marketable equity securities.

 

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The following table shows the unrealized gross losses and estimated fair values of investment securities available for sale and being held to maturity at March 31, 2007 and 2008 by length of time that individual securities in each category have been in a continuous loss position:

 

    Less than 12 months   12 months or more   Total

At March 31, 2007:

  Estimated
fair value
  Unrealized
losses
  Estimated
fair value
  Unrealized
losses
  Estimated
fair value
  Unrealized
losses
  Number of
securities
    (in millions)

Securities available for sale:

             

Debt securities:

             

Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds

  ¥ 7,290,850   ¥ 7,955   ¥   ¥   ¥ 7,290,850   ¥ 7,955   36

Japanese prefectural and municipal bonds

    18,510     172             18,510     172   2

Foreign governments and official institutions bonds

    825,321     6,022     74,270     880     899,591     6,902   204

Corporate bonds

    397,612     2,839             397,612     2,839   2,353

Mortgage-backed securities

    277,424     1,352     436,003     12,854     713,427     14,206   333

Other debt securities

    240,893     2,964     28,579     354     269,472     3,318   60

Marketable equity securities

    47,874     6,058             47,874     6,058   18
                                       

Total

  ¥ 9,098,484   ¥ 27,362   ¥ 538,852   ¥ 14,088   ¥ 9,637,336   ¥ 41,450   3,006
                                       

Securities being held to maturity:

             

Debt securities:

             

Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds

  ¥ 602,905   ¥ 747   ¥ 1,234,033   ¥ 6,389   ¥ 1,836,938   ¥ 7,136   19

Foreign governments and official institutions bonds

            749     39     749     39   1
                                       

Total

  ¥ 602,905   ¥ 747   ¥ 1,234,782   ¥ 6,428   ¥ 1,837,687   ¥ 7,175   20
                                       
    Less than 12 months   12 months or more   Total

At March 31, 2008:

  Estimated
fair value
  Unrealized
losses
  Estimated
fair value
  Unrealized
losses
  Estimated
fair value
  Unrealized
losses
  Number of
securities
    (in millions)

Securities available for sale:

             

Debt securities:

             

Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds

  ¥ 6,760,639   ¥ 20,683   ¥   ¥   ¥ 6,760,639   ¥ 20,683   39

Japanese prefectural and municipal bonds

    23,013     126             23,013     126   2

Foreign governments and official institutions bonds

    92,550     3,883     12,920     80     105,470     3,963   67

Corporate bonds

    270,520     12,030             270,520     12,030   1,081

Mortgage-backed securities

    10,350     93     333,492     5,265     343,842     5,358   258

Other debt securities

    846,464     101,440     32,171     1,991     878,635     103,431   317

Marketable equity securities

    447,900     47,452             447,900     47,452   88
                                       

Total

  ¥ 8,451,436   ¥ 185,707   ¥ 378,583   ¥ 7,336   ¥ 8,830,019   ¥ 193,043   1,852
                                       

Securities being held to maturity:

             

Debt securities:

             

Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds

  ¥   ¥   ¥ 243,025   ¥ 1,730   ¥ 243,025   ¥ 1,730   5
                                       

Total

  ¥   ¥   ¥ 243,025   ¥ 1,730   ¥ 243,025   ¥ 1,730   5
                                       

 

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The BTMU Group has determined that unrealized losses on investments at March 31, 2007 and 2008 are temporary based on its ability and positive intent to hold the investments for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery and the results of its review conducted to identify and evaluate investments that have indications of possible impairments. Impairment is evaluated considering various factors, and their relative significance varies from case to case. The BTMU Group’s review includes, but is not limited to, consideration of the following factors:

 

The length of time that fair value of the investment has been below cost—The BTMU Group generally deems a continued decline of fair value below cost for six months or more to be other than temporary. Certain securities held by BTMU and certain subsidiaries, which primarily consist of debt securities issued by the Japanese national government and generally considered to be of minimal credit risk, were determined not to be impaired in some cases, on the basis of the respective entity’s ability and positive intent to hold such securities to maturity.

 

The extent to which the fair value of investments has been below cost as of the end of the reporting period—The BTMU Group’s investment portfolio is exposed to volatile equity prices affected by many factors including investors’ perspectives as to future economic factors and the issuers’ performance, as well as cyclical market price fluctuation due to changes in market interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and changes in credit spreads etc. In view of the diversity and volume of equity investments as well as the fact that the majority of investments in debt securities are in high-grade fixed-rate bonds, including sovereign bonds, the BTMU Group generally deems the decline in fair value below cost of 20% or more as an indicator of an other than temporary decline in fair value.

 

The financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer—The BTMU Group considers the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer primarily based on the credit standing of the issuers as determined by its credit rating system.

 

Unrealized losses on certain other debt securities held by BTMU, all of which have been in a continuous loss position for less than 12 months, are considered temporary, since BTMU has the ability and positive intent to hold the investments for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. Unrealized losses on marketable equity securities, all of which have been in a continuous loss position for less than 12 months, are also considered temporary, since the BTMU Group primarily makes these investments for strategic purposes to maintain long-term relationship with its customers.

 

Certain securities held by UNBC, which primarily consist of debt securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government and corporate asset-backed and debt securities, were determined not to be impaired in some cases, on the basis of a cash flow analysis of such securities and/or UNBC’s ability and positive intent to hold such securities to maturity. As shown in the table above, there were no material unrealized losses that have been in a continuous loss position for 12 months or more, except for unrealized losses on certain foreign governments and official institutions bonds, mortgage-backed securities and other debt securities held by UNBC at March 31, 2008. Foreign governments and official institutions bonds in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more were issued by one of the several Government-Sponsored Enterprises (“GSEs”) such as U.S. Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Federal Home Loan Banks or Federal Farm Credit Banks. These securities were issued with a stated interest rate and mature in less than five years. All of the unrealized losses on these securities resulted from rising interest rates subsequent to purchase. Unrealized losses will decline as interest rates fall below the purchased yield and as the securities approach maturity. Since UNBC has the ability and positive intent to hold the securities until recovery of the carrying value, which could be maturity, the unrealized loss is considered temporary. Mortgage-backed securities in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more are primarily securities guaranteed by a GSE such as Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac and relatively small amounts of AAA-rated

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

private label mortgage securities. These securities are collateralized by residential mortgage loans and may be prepaid at par prior to maturity. All of the unrealized losses on the mortgage-backed securities resulted from rising interest rates subsequent to purchase and in the case of private label mortgage securities, additional credit spread widening since purchase. Other debt securities in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more primarily consisted of credit card receivable securities and collateralized loan obligations held by UNBC. Unrealized losses on such securities arise from rising interest rates, widening credit spreads, credit quality of the underlying collateral, and the market’s opinion of the performance of the fund managers. Cash flow analysis of the underlying collateral provides an estimate of other-then-temporary impairment, which is performed quarterly on those securities below Aa investment grade. Any security with a change in credit rating is also subject to cash flow analysis to determine whether or not an other-than-temporary impairment exists. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, the fair value of the collateralized loan obligation portfolio was adversely impacted by the liquidity crisis caused by the subprime loan industry. Although none of the collateralized loan obligations in UNBC’s portfolio contain subprime loan assets, widening credit spreads caused their value to decline. Since the securities do not have observable credit quality issues and the UNBC has the ability and intent to hold the other debt securities until recovery of the carrying value, which could be maturity, the unrealized loss is considered temporary.

 

Banks’ Shareholdings Purchase Corporation

 

Under a Japanese law forbidding banks from holding marketable equity securities in excess of their Tier I capital after September 30, 2006, the Banks’ Shareholdings Purchase Corporation (“BSPC”) was established in January 2002 in order to soften the impact on the stock market of sales of cross-shareholdings. BSPC began accepting share offers from financial institutions on February 15, 2002. It has been funded by financial institutions, including BTMU, which made initial contributions of ¥1,400 million (“preferred contributions”). BSPC will be disbanded when it sells all shares that it purchased from financial institutions, or by March 31, 2017, at the latest.

 

BSPC has two accounts to purchase stock from financial institutions; the General Account and the Special Account. In the General Account, each selling financial institution funds the amount of purchase by BSPC without guarantees by the Japanese government, and the financial institution will assume any gains or losses on sales by BSPC of the stocks. In the Special Account, each selling financial institution was required to make contributions of 8% of the selling prices to BSPC for purchases made prior to the effective date of the amendment to the above-mentioned law to fund any future losses (“subordinated contributions”). Effective in August 2003, the requirement for subordinated contributions was eliminated under the amendment to the legislation. The purchase amount in the Special Account is funded by borrowings guaranteed by the Japanese government with a limit of ¥2.0 trillion. The cumulative net loss on sales of stocks in the Special Account, which will not be determined and finalized before the liquidation of BSPC, will be compensated first by the subordinated contributions, and then by the preferred contributions. If there is a remaining loss, the government, as a guarantor, will be liable for the loss. On the other hand, if there is a cumulative net asset at the time of the liquidation, the asset is first used to repay the preferred contributions and then to repay the subordinated contributions. If any net assets remain after repayment of subordinated contributions, such net assets will be paid out and the amounts will be determined based on the amounts of both contributions. Any remaining net assets in excess of double the amount of the contributions will belong to the Japanese government.

 

At the establishment of BSPC in January 2002, BTMU paid ¥1,400 million to BSPC as preferred contributions. At the time of the sales, BTMU made subordinated contributions to the Special Account of ¥1,164 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2002. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2003, BTMU evaluated its preferred contributions of ¥1,400 million and subordinated contributions of ¥1,164 million for

 

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impairment, and the recognized an impairment loss of ¥2,564 million. On October 1, 2005, the BTMU Group acquired, at fair value, the preferred and subordinated contributions of UFJ Bank to BSPC for ¥3,200 million and ¥8,595 million, respectively.

 

BTMU sold marketable equity securities to BSPC with aggregate market values of ¥3,537 million, nil and nil, respectively, during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008. Also, BTMU made loans to BSPC to fund its purchases of marketable equity securities. Such loans to BSPC, which are guaranteed by the Japanese government, amounted to ¥193,100 million and nil at March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

 

The BTMU Group accounts for the transfers of marketable equity securities to the General Account, if any, as secured borrowings. With respect to the transfers of marketable equity securities to the Special Account with the requirement of subordinated contributions, if the fair value of the securities sold to the Special Account is greater than 10% of the fair value of all securities held by the Special Account, the BTMU Group accounts for the subordinated contributions as a partial retained interest in the sale. For all periods presented, the BTMU Group had no sales of securities whose fair value was greater than 10% of the fair value of all securities held by the Special Account. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, the BTMU Group recognized gains of ¥769 million, nil and nil, respectively, on the sales of marketable equity securities to the Special Account. In September 2006, BSPC ceased purchasing marketable equity securities from banks.

 

Debt-for-equity Swap

 

The BTMU Group restructured certain debt by entering into debt-for-equity swap transactions. As a result of these debt-for-equity swap transactions, the BTMU Group’s loans to some borrowers, under standard terms available to similarly situated corporate borrowers, were effectively converted into equity interests in the borrowers, often in the form of preferred shares. The aggregate carrying amounts of debt swapped for equity, net of allowance, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 were ¥240 million, nil and nil, respectively. Such loans were often identified as impaired and, accordingly, the debt-for-equity swap transactions did not materially affect the BTMU Group’s results of operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008.

 

Equity interests acquired through a debt-for-equity swap transaction were accounted for as other investments and carried at cost on the consolidated balance sheets, and reviewed for impairment periodically. Due to regulatory and legal reasons, cash often changes hands between the parties to the debt-for-equity swap transactions. In such cases, the debt-for-equity swap is classified as a cash transaction in the consolidated statements of cash flows as a repayment of loans and purchases of other investment securities.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

7.    LOANS

 

Loans at March 31, 2007 and 2008, by domicile and type of industry of borrowers are summarized below:

 

Classification of loans by industry is based on the industry segment loan classification as defined by the Bank of Japan.

 

     2007(4)     2008  
     (in millions)  

Domestic(1):

    

Manufacturing

   ¥ 9,600,707     ¥ 9,906,435  

Construction

     1,689,817       1,601,740  

Real estate

     6,676,027       6,605,035  

Services

     6,063,212       5,725,714  

Wholesale and retail

     8,545,484       8,547,271  

Banks and other financial institutions(2)

     3,309,837       3,548,490  

Communication and information services

     1,002,494       962,793  

Other industries

     9,183,100       9,390,295  

Consumer

     22,490,433       22,650,762  
                

Total domestic

     68,561,111       68,938,535  
                

Foreign:

    

Governments and official institutions

     371,585       315,418  

Banks and other financial institutions(2)

     1,618,772       2,020,967  

Commercial and industrial

     13,256,465       15,998,837  

Other

     2,363,827       2,586,770  
                

Total foreign

     17,610,649       20,921,992  
                

Unearned income, unamortized premiums—net and deferred loan fees—net

     (47,694 )     (80,696 )
                

Total(3)

   ¥ 86,124,066     ¥ 89,779,831  
                

 

Notes:

(1)   Since the credit administration system was upgraded, a precise breakdown of the balance of consumer loans by the type of proprietor business became available. As a result, the consumer balances at March 31, 2007 and 2008 do not include those loans to individuals who utilize loan proceeds to finance their proprietor activities and not for their personal financing needs. The balances at March 31, 2007 were reclassified accordingly.
(2)   Loans to the so-called non-bank finance companies are generally included in the “Banks and other financial institutions” category. Non-bank finance companies are primarily engaged in consumer lending, factoring and credit card businesses.
(3)   The above table includes loans held for sale of ¥87,086 million and ¥469,788 million at March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively, which are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value.

 

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(4)   Classification of loans by industry at March 31, 2007 has been restated as follows:

 

     As previously
reported
    As restated  
     (in millions)  

Domestic:

    

Manufacturing

   ¥ 9,600,707     ¥ 9,600,707  

Construction

     1,689,817       1,689,817  

Real estate

     6,676,103       6,676,027  

Services

     6,048,175       6,063,212  

Wholesale and retail

     8,545,782       8,545,484  

Banks and other financial institutions

     3,142,516       3,309,837  

Communication and information services

     966,951       1,002,494  

Other industries

     9,319,135       9,183,100  

Consumer

     22,566,073       22,490,433  
                

Total domestic

     68,555,259       68,561,111  
                

Foreign:

    

Governments and official institutions

     371,585       371,585  

Banks and other financial institutions

     1,532,750       1,618,772  

Commercial and industrial

     13,285,579       13,256,465  

Other

     2,426,587       2,363,827  
                

Total foreign

     17,616,501       17,610,649  
                

Unearned income, unamortized premiums—net and deferred loan fees—net

     (47,694 )     (47,694 )
                

Total

   ¥ 86,124,066     ¥ 86,124,066  
                

 

Substantially all domestic loans are made under agreements which, as is customary in Japan, provide that a bank may, under certain conditions, require the borrower to provide collateral (or additional collateral) or guarantees with respect to the loans, and that the bank may treat any collateral, whether furnished as security for loans or otherwise, as collateral for all indebtedness to the bank. At March 31, 2007 and 2008, such collateralized loans originated by the BTMU Group, which were principally collateralized by real estate, marketable securities and accounts receivable, amounted to ¥24,373,598 million and ¥25,110,360 million, respectively, which represented 36% and 36%, respectively, of the total domestic loans at March 31, 2007 and 2008.

 

Nonaccrual and restructured loans were ¥1,510,444 million and ¥1,557,295 million at March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Had interest on these loans been accrued pursuant to the original terms, gross interest income on such loans for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008 would have been approximately ¥87.9 billion and ¥88.7 billion, respectively, of which approximately ¥64.0 billion and ¥65.3 billion, respectively, were included in interest income on loans in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more were ¥21,309 million and ¥16,506 million at March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

 

The BTMU Group provided commitments to extend credit to customers with restructured loans. The amounts of such commitments were ¥19,232 million and ¥16,154 million at March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. See Note 24 for further discussion of commitments to extend credit.

 

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Impaired Loans

 

The BTMU Group’s impaired loans primarily include nonaccrual loans and restructured loans. A summary of the recorded balances of impaired loans and related impairment allowance at March 31, 2007 and 2008 is shown below:

 

     2007    2008
     Recorded
loan balance
   Impairment
allowance
   Recorded
loan balance
   Impairment
allowance
     (in millions)

Requiring an impairment allowance

   ¥ 987,178    ¥ 511,916    ¥ 1,079,213    ¥ 544,601

Not requiring an impairment allowance(1)

     239,314           300,379     
                           

Total(2)

   ¥ 1,226,492    ¥ 511,916    ¥ 1,379,592    ¥ 544,601
                           

 

Notes:

(1)   These loans do not require an allowance for credit losses under SFAS No. 114 since the fair values of the impaired loans equal or exceed the recorded investments in the loans.
(2)   In addition to impaired loans presented in the above table, there were loans held for sale that were impaired of ¥755 million and ¥11,911 million at March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

 

The average recorded investments in impaired loans were approximately ¥1,014 billion, ¥1,238 billion and ¥1,287 billion, respectively, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008.

 

For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, the BTMU Group recognized interest income of approximately ¥21.1 billion, ¥32.2 billion and ¥45.4 billion, respectively, on impaired loans. Interest income on nonaccrual loans was recognized on a cash basis when ultimate collectibility of principal was certain; otherwise, cash receipts were applied as principal reductions. Interest income on accruing impaired loans, including restructured loans, was recognized on an accrual basis to the extent that the collectibility of interest income was reasonably certain based on management’s assessment.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Loans Acquired in a Transfer

 

In accordance with SOP 03-3, the following table sets forth information primarily about loans of the UFJ Bank Group acquired in connection with the merger, for which it is probable, at acquisition, that the BTMU Group will be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable.

 

     2007     2008  
     (in millions)  

Loans acquired during the fiscal year:

    

Contractually required payments receivable at acquisitions

   ¥ 17,337     ¥ 6,640  

Cash flows expected to be collected at acquisitions

     786       583  

Fair value of loans at acquisitions

     786       583  

Accretable yield for loans within the scope of SOP 03-3:

    

Balance at beginning of fiscal year

   ¥ 244,005     ¥ 170,901  

Accretion

     (98,755 )     (80,732 )

Disposals

     (789 )     (4,521 )

Reclassifications from nonaccretable difference

     26,440       26,704  
                

Balance at end of fiscal year

   ¥ 170,901     ¥ 112,352  
                

Loans within the scope of SOP 03-3:

    

Outstanding balance, beginning of fiscal year

   ¥ 2,030,474     ¥ 1,141,783  

Outstanding balance, end of fiscal year

     1,141,783       813,303  

Carrying amount, beginning of fiscal year

     867,714       433,091  

Carrying amount, end of fiscal year

     433,091       267,285  

Nonaccruing loans within the scope of SOP 03-3:

    

Carrying amount at acquisition date during fiscal year

   ¥ 786     ¥ 583  

Carrying amount at end of fiscal year

     147,804       86,852  

Provisions within the scope of SOP 03-3:

    

Balance of allowance for loan losses at beginning of fiscal year

   ¥ 24,782     ¥ 10,724  

Additional provisions during fiscal year

     48,592       35,804  

Reductions of allowance during fiscal year

     18,743       5,805  

Balance of allowance for loan losses at end of fiscal year

     10,724       18,920  

 

The BTMU Group considered prepayments in the determination of contractual cash flows and cash flows expected to be collected based on historical results.

 

Lease Receivable

 

As part of its financing activities, the BTMU Group enters into leasing arrangements with customers. The BTMU Group’s leasing operations are performed through leasing subsidiaries and consist principally of direct financing leases involving various types of data processing equipment, office equipment and transportation equipment.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

As of March 31, 2007 and 2008, the components of the investment in direct financing leases were as follows:

 

     2007     2008  
     (in millions)  

Minimum lease payment receivable

   ¥ 952,498     ¥ 919,139  

Estimated residual values of leased property

     41,949       44,050  

Less—unearned income

     (72,831 )     (71,427 )
                

Net investment in direct financing leases

   ¥ 921,616     ¥ 891,762  
                

 

Future minimum lease payment receivables under noncancelable leasing agreements as of March 31, 2008 were as follows:

 

     Direct
financing

leases
     (in millions)

Fiscal year ending March 31:

  

2009

   ¥ 285,211

2010

     230,917

2011

     167,930

2012

     117,639

2013

     56,492

2014 and thereafter

     60,950
      

Total minimum lease payment receivables

   ¥ 919,139
      

 

Government-led Loan Restructuring Program

 

Under the legislation enacted by the Japanese Diet in June 1996, which incorporates the restructuring program for the loans of seven failed housing-loan companies (the “Jusen”), the Deposit Insurance Corporation (“DIC”) established a Housing Loan Administration Corporation (“HLAC”) to collect and dispose of the loans of the liquidated Jusen. In 1999, HLAC merged with the Resolution and Collection Bank Limited to create the Resolution and Collection Corporation (“RCC”), which is wholly owned by the DIC.

 

Financial institutions, including the BTMU Group, waived the repayment of substantial amounts of the loans to the Jusen and transferred the remaining balances to HLAC. Financial institutions were requested to make loans to HLAC to finance its collection activities, and in the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997, the BTMU Group made loans of ¥184,197 million with an original maturity term of 15 years. The 15-year term loans to HLAC, which are guaranteed by the DIC under the legislation and the loan agreements, mature in 2011 and earn interest at TIBOR (Tokyo Interbank Offered Rate) plus 0.125%. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008, certain of these loans were repaid before maturity. At March 31, 2007 and 2008, outstanding loans to HLAC were ¥122,634 million and ¥111,000 million, respectively.

 

Under this restructuring program, a Financial Stabilization Fund (the “Special Fund”) was established within the DIC, and the Bank of Japan and other financial institutions established another fund (the “New Fund”). These funds are principally invested in Japanese government bonds. The BTMU Group made non-interest-earning deposits of ¥111,124 million with the Special Fund and the New Fund in the fiscal year ended March 31, 1997. On October 1, 2005, the BTMU Group acquired, at fair value, non-interest-earning deposits of the UFJ Bank Group with the Special Fund and the New Fund. The deposit balances as of March 31,

 

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2007 and 2008, which are included in Other assets, were ¥257,093 million and ¥261,756 million, respectively, reflecting a present value discount and subsequent amortization of the discount during the period until the expected maturity date. The non-interest-earning deposits with these funds are expected to mature in 15 years from the deposit dates, which coincides with the planned operational lifespan of HLAC.

 

It is uncertain what losses (so-called “stage two loss”), if any, may ultimately be incurred by the RCC through the collection of the Jusen loans during the 15-year term. If any such losses ultimately occur, the Japanese government will be liable for half of such losses, and the investment income to be earned by the Special Fund during the 15 years is to be used to cover the remaining half of the losses. The investment income to be earned by the New Fund during the 15 years is to be used to compensate for a portion of the public funds used for the Jusen restructuring.

 

At this time management believes all loans and deposits will be collectible according to their respective terms.

 

Sales of Loans

 

The BTMU Group originates various types of loans to corporate and individual customers in Japan and overseas in the normal course of its business. In order to improve its loan quality, the BTMU Group actively disposed of nonperforming loans. Most of such nonperforming loans were disposed of by sales to third party purchasers without any continuing involvement. Management of the BTMU Group generally decides on approvals for disposals after significant sales terms, including prices, are negotiated. As such, loans are disposed of by sales shortly after the loans are transferred to held-for-sale classification. The net gains on the sales of loans were ¥45,689 million, ¥22,727 million and ¥12,746 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

 

Loan Securitization

 

The BTMU Group had no significant transfers of loans in securitization transactions accounted for as sales for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, and did not retain any significant interests associated with loans transferred in securitizations at March 31, 2008.

 

Related Party Loans

 

In some cases, BTMU and its banking subsidiaries make loans to related parties, including their directors and executive officers, in the course of their normal commercial banking business. At March 31, 2007 and 2008, outstanding loans to such related parties were not significant.

 

In the opinion of management, these related party loans were made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral requirements, as those terms prevailing at the date these loans were made. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, there were no loans to related parties that were charged-off. Additionally, at March 31, 2007 and 2008, there were no loans to related parties that were impaired.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

8.    ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

 

Changes in the allowance for credit losses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 are shown below:

 

     2006    2007    2008  
     (in millions)  

Balance at beginning of fiscal year

   ¥ 567,651    ¥ 912,997    ¥ 993,527  

Additions resulting from the merger with UFJ Bank(1)

     279,158            

Provision for credit losses

     163,416      341,570      407,238  

Charge-offs

     127,125      298,257      369,841  

Less—Recoveries

     19,369      33,011      25,794  
                      

Net charge-offs

     107,756      265,246      344,047  

Others(2)

     10,528      4,206      (5,980 )
                      

Balance at end of fiscal year

   ¥ 912,997    ¥ 993,527    ¥ 1,050,738  
                      

 

Notes:

(1)   Additions resulting from the merger with UFJ Bank represent the allowance for credit losses for acquired loans outside the scope of SOP 03-3. The allowance for credit losses on loans within the scope of SOP 03-3 was not carried over.
(2)   Others principally include foreign exchange translation adjustments.

 

As explained in Note 7, nonperforming loans were actively disposed of by sales during recent years. The allocated allowance for credit losses for such loans was removed from the allowance for credit losses and transferred to the valuation allowance for loans held for sale upon a decision to sell. Net charge-offs in the above table include the decrease in the allowance for credit losses due to loan disposal activity amounting to ¥26.1 billion, ¥13.0 billion and ¥7.2 billion for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

 

9.    PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT

 

Premises and equipment at March 31, 2007 and 2008 consisted of the following:

 

     2007    2008
     (in millions)

Land

   ¥ 312,708    ¥ 296,775

Buildings

     418,571      431,874

Equipment and furniture

     542,939      555,239

Leasehold improvements

     304,918      312,932

Construction in progress

     12,204      6,496
             

Total

     1,591,340      1,603,316

Less accumulated depreciation

     695,460      774,555
             

Premises and equipment—net

   ¥ 895,880    ¥ 828,761
             

 

Premises and equipment include capitalized leases, principally related to data processing equipment, which amounted to ¥120,873 million and ¥114,368 million at March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Accumulated depreciation on such capitalized leases at March 31, 2007 and 2008 amounted to ¥55,897 million and ¥64,477 million, respectively.

 

In March 1999, BTMU sold a 50% undivided interest in its head office building and land (including structure and equipment) for ¥91,500 million and a 50% undivided interest in its main office building and land (including structure and equipment) for ¥9,100 million to a real estate company. At the same time, BTMU entered an agreement to lease back the 50% undivided interest in the buildings sold from the buyer over a period

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

of 7 years. BTMU has accounted for these transactions as financing arrangements, and recorded the total proceeds of ¥100,600 million as a financing obligation.

 

In August 2005, BTMU bought back a 50% undivided interest in these office buildings and land for ¥111,597 million. The buy back resulted in an extinguishment of debt of ¥103,731 million, which included the finance obligation for the 50% of any improvements that was paid by the real estate company, and loss on extinguishment of liabilities of ¥7,866 million. The repurchase was undertaken to increase the stability and flexibility of the property as the office buildings and land are expected to function as a significant piece of the infrastructure for BTMU.

 

BTMU has entered into sales agreements to sell its buildings and land and, under separate agreements, leased those properties back for their business operations, including bank branches. BTMU either provided nonrecourse financings to the buyers for the sales proceeds or invested in the equities of the buyers. As a result, BTMU was considered to have continuing involvement with the properties. For accounting and reporting purposes, these transactions were accounted for under the financing method with the sales proceeds recognized as a financing obligation. The properties were reported on the consolidated balance sheets and depreciated. The financing obligation at March 31, 2007 and 2008 were ¥46,270 million and ¥74,954 million, respectively.

 

For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, the BTMU Group recognized ¥5,919 million, ¥12,056 million and ¥3,651 million, respectively, of impairment losses for long-lived assets, primarily real estate which was either formerly used for its banking operations and is no longer used or real estate that is being used where recovery of the carrying amount is doubtful. In addition, ¥195 million, ¥208 million and ¥49 million of impairment losses were recognized for real estate held for sale for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. These losses are included in Other non-interest expenses. In computing the amount of impairment losses, fair value was determined primarily based on market prices, if available, or the estimated price based on an appraisal.

 

10.    GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

 

Goodwill

 

The table below presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by business segment during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008:

 

    Retail
Banking
    Corporate
Banking
    Global Banking     Global
Markets
  Total  
(in millions)               Other than
UNBC
    UNBC   Total            

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2007:

             

Balance at March 31, 2006

  ¥ 738,267     ¥ 811,859     ¥ 148,613     ¥ 76,944   ¥ 225,557     ¥ 2,300   ¥ 1,777,983  

Goodwill acquired during the fiscal year

                      12,021     12,021           12,021  

Reduction due to elimination of valuation allowance for deferred tax assets

    (9,010 )     (2,458 )     (548 )         (548 )         (12,016 )

Foreign currency translation adjustments and other

    (8,393 )     (786 )           2,321     2,321           (6,858 )
                                                   

Balance at March 31, 2007

  ¥ 720,864     ¥ 808,615     ¥ 148,065     ¥ 91,286   ¥ 239,351     ¥ 2,300   ¥ 1,771,130  
                                                   

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2008:

             

Balance at March 31, 2007

  ¥ 720,864     ¥ 808,615     ¥ 148,065     ¥ 91,286   ¥ 239,351     ¥ 2,300   ¥ 1,771,130  

Goodwill acquired during the fiscal year

    36,833       1,095             1,578     1,578           39,506  

Impairment loss

          (816,347 )                         (816,347 )

Reduction due to elimination of valuation allowance for deferred tax assets

    (7,754 )     (1,579 )                         (9,333 )

Foreign currency translation adjustments and other

    (24,428 )     8,216       1,403       274     1,677           (14,535 )
                                                   

Balance at March 31, 2008

  ¥ 725,515     ¥     ¥ 149,468     ¥ 93,138   ¥ 242,606     ¥ 2,300   ¥ 970,421  
                                                   

 

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THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

 

Notes:

(1)   See Note 28 for the business segment information of the BTMU Group.
(2)   See Note 2 and 4 for the goodwill acquired in connection with various acquisitions.

 

There was no impairment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, a goodwill impairment loss of ¥816,347 million was recognized in the Corporate Banking reporting unit. The reason for the impairment was mainly due to the recent global financial market instability that negatively affected the fair value of the reporting unit for the purpose of our annual impairment testing. The fair value of that reporting unit was estimated using the expected present value of future cash flow.

 

Other Intangible Assets

 

The table below presents the gross carrying amount, accumulated amortization and net carrying amount, in total and by major class of intangible assets at March 31, 2007 and 2008:

 

    2007   2008
    Gross
carrying
amount
  Accumulated
amortization
  Net
carrying
amount
  Gross
carrying
amount
  Accumulated
amortization
  Net
carrying
amount
    (in millions)

Intangible assets subject to amortization:

           

Software

  ¥ 645,971   ¥ 247,623   ¥ 398,348   ¥ 796,662   ¥ 343,612   ¥ 453,050

Core deposit intangibles

    593,507     132,643     460,864     591,567     202,101     389,466

Customer relationships

    60,163     11,981     48,182     69,396     19,909     49,487

Trade names

    28,660     2,213     26,447     35,150     4,120     31,030

Other

    5,459     2,065     3,394     4,315     1,893     2,422
                                   

Total

  ¥ 1,333,760   ¥ 396,525     937,235   ¥ 1,497,090   ¥ 571,635     925,455
                           

Intangible assets not subject to amortization:

           

Indefinite-lived trade names

        6,400         4,828

Other

        10,044         10,570
                   

Total

        16,444         15,398
                   

Total

      ¥ 953,679       ¥ 940,853
                   

 

Intangible assets subject to amortization acquired during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 amounted to ¥178,519 million, which primarily consisted of ¥166,356 million of software and ¥9,671 million of customer relationships. The weighted average amortization periods for these assets are 5 years and 13 years, respectively. There is no significant residual value estimated for these assets. Intangible assets not subject to amortization acquired during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 amounted to ¥4,945 million, which primarily consisted of ¥4,828 million of trade names.

 

For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, the BTMU Group recognized ¥207 million, ¥184,754 million and ¥461 million, respectively, of impairment losses for intangible assets whose carrying amount exceeded their fair value. In computing the amount of impairment losses, fair value was determined primarily based on market prices, if available, the estimated value based on appraisal, or the discounted expected future cash flows.

 

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Table of Contents

THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The impairment loss for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 included a loss of ¥183,959 million relating to customer relationships and trade names in the Retail Banking business segment, which were both subject to and not subject to amortization. These intangible assets were initially valued based on discounted expected future cash flows. The future cash flows were negatively revised due to the adverse change in the business environment for customer finance companies attributable to an ensuing action toward legal revisions of customer lending law to lower the interest rate permissible on customer loans and, accordingly, the BTMU Group reevaluated these intangible assets and recognized impairment losses.

 

The estimated aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets for the next five fiscal years is as follows:

 

     (in millions)

Fiscal year ending March 31:

  

2009

   ¥ 197,226

2010

     152,948

2011

     133,406

2012

     112,380

2013

     88,178

 

11.    INCOME TAXES

 

The detail of current and deferred income tax expense (benefit) for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 was as follows:

 

     2006(1)     2007(1)     2008  
     (in millions)  

Current:

      

Domestic

   ¥ 10,142     ¥ 17,699     ¥ 13,017  

Foreign

     54,288       49,260       64,016  
                        

Total

     64,430       66,959       77,033  
                        

Deferred:

      

Domestic

     890       328,575       429,987  

Foreign

     3,601       14,765       (16,711 )
                        

Total

     4,491       343,340       413,276  
                        

Income tax expense from continuing operations

     68,921       410,299       490,309  

Income tax expense (benefit) from discontinued operations

     8,077       (734 )     (69 )

Income tax benefit from cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

     (5,759 )            

Income tax expense (benefit) reported in shareholder’s equity relating to:

      

Investment securities available for sale

     705,843       190,265       (747,808 )

Derivatives qualifying for cash flow hedges

     (1,065 )     (158 )     1,672  

Minimum pension liability adjustments

     90,358       (1,011 )      

Pension liability adjustments

                 30,564  

Foreign currency translation adjustments

     5,138       438       (29,659 )
                        

Total

     800,274       189,534       (745,231 )
                        

Total

   ¥ 871,513     ¥ 599,099     ¥ (254,991 )
                        

 

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Table of Contents

THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

 

Note:

(1)   The detail of current and deferred income tax expense (benefit) for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006 and 2007 have been restated as follows:

 

     As previously
reported
   As restated
     2006     2007    2006    2007
     (in millions)    (in millions)

Deferred:

          

Domestic

   ¥  6,516     ¥ 338,948    ¥  890    ¥ 328,575

Foreign

     (2,025 )     4,392      3,601      14,765
                            

Total

   ¥ 4,491     ¥ 343,340    ¥ 4,491    ¥ 343,340
                            

 

Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate

 

Income taxes in Japan applicable to the BTMU Group are imposed by the national, prefectural and municipal governments, and in the aggregate resulted in a normal effective statutory rate of approximately 40.6% for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008. Foreign subsidiaries are subject to income taxes of the countries in which they operate.

 

A reconciliation of the effective income tax rate reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations to the combined normal effective statutory tax rate for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 is as follows:

 

     2006     2007     2008  

Combined normal effective statutory tax rate

   40.6 %   40.6 %   40.6 %

Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:

      

Nondeductible expenses

   1.1     0.1     5.8  

Dividends from foreign subsidiaries

   2.9     1.1     37.0  

Foreign tax credit and payments

   2.0     0.9     3.7  

Lower tax rates applicable to income of subsidiaries

   (12.2 )   (0.7 )   (30.7 )

Minority interests

   14.5     (0.3 )   22.6  

Change in valuation allowance

   1.3     8.2     418.1  

Realization of previously unrecognised tax effects of subsidiaries

   (29.1 )       2.2  

Nontaxable dividends received

   (2.1 )   (1.3 )   (34.0 )

Tax expense on capital transactions by a subsidiary

   8.0          

Impairment of Goodwill

           975.2  

Other—net

   (3.8 )   (1.5 )   2.1  
                  

Effective income tax rate

   23.2 %   47.1 %   1,442.6 %
                  

 

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THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed for each tax jurisdiction using currently enacted tax rates applicable to periods when the temporary differences are expected to reverse. The tax effects of the items comprising the BTMU Group’s net deferred tax assets at March 31, 2007 and 2008 were as follows:

 

     2007     2008  
     (in millions)  

Deferred tax assets:

    

Allowance for credit losses

   ¥ 599,132     ¥ 645,698  

Operating loss carryforwards

     1,171,150       894,741  

Loans

     63,008       23,362  

Accrued liabilities and other

     258,035       322,569  

Premises and equipment, including sale-and-leaseback transactions

     89,155       113,770  

Derivative financial instruments

     106,079       12,082  

Valuation allowance(1)

     (444,108 )     (596,349 )
                

Total deferred tax assets

     1,842,451       1,415,873  
                

Deferred tax liabilities:

    

Investment securities

     1,051,493       229,674  

Intangible assets

     217,848       191,754  

Lease transactions

     63,675       55,720  

Accrued severance indemnities and pension plans

     45,852       104,397  

Other

     27,247       28,410  
                

Total deferred tax liabilities

     1,406,115       609,955  
                

Net deferred tax assets

   ¥ 436,336     ¥ 805,918  
                

 

Note:

(1)   At March 31, 2007 and 2008, ¥310 billion and ¥301 billion, respectively, of the valuation allowance related to gross deferred tax assets was attributable to the merger with UFJ Bank. Future recognition, if occurring prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 141R, of the tax attributes associated with these gross deferred tax assets would result in BTMU’s share of tax benefits being allocated first to reduce goodwill, second to reduce other noncurrent intangible assets acquired, and then to reduce income tax expenses. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 and 2008, the tax benefit of ¥12 billion and ¥9 billion attributed to the merger was recognized by eliminating the valuation allowance and was applied to reduce goodwill.

 

The valuation allowance was provided primarily against deferred tax assets recorded at the BTMU Group’s domestic subsidiaries with operating loss carryforwards. The amount of the valuation allowance is determined based on a review of future taxable income (exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards) and future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences. Future taxable income is developed from forecasted operating results, based on recent historical trends and approved business plans, the eligible carryforward periods and other relevant factors. For certain subsidiaries where strong negative evidence exists, such as the existence of significant amounts of operating loss carryforwards, cumulative losses and the expiration of unused operating loss carryforwards in recent years, a valuation allowance was recognized against the deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2007 and 2008 to the extent that it is more likely than not that they will not be realized. The net changes in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets were increases of ¥63,393 million and ¥152,241 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The increase for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 primarily reflected the addition of valuation allowances for certain companies including a subsidiary in the consumer finance business due to the decline of their forecasted operating results and estimated future taxable income, and an increase in their deductible temporary differences. The increase for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 primarily reflected the addition of valuation allowance related to operation loss carryforwards that were no longer deemed to be “more likely than not” to be realized, due to a decline in estimated future taxable income resulting from the downturn in financial and banking businesses caused by disruptions in the global financial markets.

 

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THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Income taxes are not provided on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries, which are considered to be indefinitely reinvested in the operations of such subsidiaries. At March 31, 2008, such undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries amounted to approximately ¥372 billion. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liabilities with respect to these undistributed earnings is not practicable because of the complexity associated with its hypothetical calculation including foreign withholding taxes and foreign tax credits. BTMU has neither plans nor the intention to dispose of investments in foreign subsidiaries and, accordingly, does not expect to record capital gains or losses, or otherwise monetize its foreign subsidiaries’ undistributed earnings.

 

Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carryforwards

 

At March 31, 2008, the BTMU Group had operating loss carryforwards of ¥2,215,372 million and tax credit carryforwards of ¥1,012 million for tax purposes. Such carryforwards, if not utilized, are scheduled to expire as follows:

 

     Operating loss
carryforwards
   Tax credit
carryforwards
     (in millions)

Fiscal year ending March 31:

     

2009

   ¥ 35,779    ¥

2010

     796,437     

2011

     100,743     

2012

     991,339     

2013

     234,642     

2014

     27,089     

2015 and thereafter

     24,053     

No definite expiration date

     5,290      1,012
             

Total

   ¥ 2,215,372    ¥ 1,012
             

 

Uncertainty in Income Tax

 

The BTMU Group adopted the provisions of FIN No. 48 on April 1, 2007. As a result, the BTMU Group recognized the liability of ¥12,998 million, including interest and penalties, for uncertain tax benefits, which resulted in a decrease to retained earnings by ¥3,701 million. The following is a roll-forward of the BTMU Group’s FIN No. 48 unrecognized tax benefits for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008:

 

     2008  
     (in millions)  

Balances at beginning of fiscal year

   ¥ 30,390  

Net amount of increases for current year’s tax positions

     13,841  

Gross amount of increases for prior years’ tax positions

     4,100  

Gross amount of decreases for prior years’ tax positions

     (3,861 )

Net amount of changes relating to settlements with tax authorities

     179  

Decreases due to lapse of applicable statutes of limitations

     (1,291 )

Foreign exchange translation

     (3,506 )
        

Balances at end of fiscal year

   ¥ 39,852  
        

 

Total amount of unrecognized tax benefits at March 31, 2008 that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate is ¥10,719 million. The remainder of the uncertain tax positions has offsetting amounts in other jurisdictions or are temporary differences.

 

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THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The BTMU Group classifies accrued interest and penalties, if applicable, related to income taxes as Income tax expenses. Interest and penalties (not included in the “unrecognized tax benefits” above) are a component of Accrued and other liabilities. The following is a roll-forward of the interest and penalties recognized in the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008:

 

     2008  
     (in millions)  

Total interest and penalties in the consolidated balance sheet at April 1, 2007

   ¥ 3,400  

Total interest and penalties in the consolidated statements of operations

     1,492  

Total cash settlements and foreign exchange translation

     (1,003 )
        

Total interest and penalties in the consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2008

   ¥ 3,889  
        

 

The BTMU Group is subject to ongoing tax examinations by the tax authorities of the various jurisdictions. The following are the major tax jurisdictions in which the BTMU Group operates and the status of years under audit or open to examination:

 

Jurisdiction                        

  

Tax years

Japan

   2008

United States—Federal

   1994 and forward

United States—California

   2003 and forward

 

The U.S. Federal income tax returns of a certain affiliate for the years 1994 to 2001 have been examined by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and are currently being appealed. It is reasonably possible that the case will be settled by accepting a settlement offer during the next 12 months. As a result, the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits may decrease by up to ¥2,061 million and the related accrued interest and penalties may decrease by up to ¥2,352 million. The federal income tax returns for the years 2002 and 2003 are currently under examination.

 

In addition, it is reasonably possible that the statute of limitations pertaining to tax positions taken by other certain affiliate with respect to the state income taxes in the United States may lapse. As a result, the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits may decrease by up to ¥1,689 million. Should this decrease occur, the net impact on income tax expense, including interest, would be up to ¥1,370 million.

 

The BTMU Group does not anticipate any other material increases or decreases to unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months. However, the BTMU Group is under continuous examinations by the tax authorities in various domestic and foreign jurisdictions and many of these examinations are resolved every year. Therefore, the BTMU Group’s estimate of unrecognized tax benefits is subject to change based on new developments and information.

 

Income from Continuing Operations before Income Tax Expense

 

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle by jurisdiction for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 was as follows:

 

     2006(1)    2007(1)    2008  
     (in millions)  

Domestic income (loss)

   ¥ 103,256    ¥ 643,436    ¥ (172,602 )

Foreign income

     193,896      228,568      206,590  
                      

Total

   ¥ 297,152    ¥ 872,004    ¥ 33,988  
                      

 

F-54


Table of Contents

THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

 

Note:

(1)   Income from continuing operations before income tax expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006 and 2007 have been restated as follows:

 

     As previously reported    As restated
         2006            2007        2006    2007
     (in millions)    (in millions)

Domestic income

   ¥ 117,111    ¥ 668,986    ¥ 103,256    ¥ 643,436

Foreign income

     180,041      203,018      193,896      228,568
                           

Total

   ¥ 297,152    ¥ 872,004    ¥ 297,152    ¥ 872,004
                           

 

12.    PLEDGED ASSETS AND COLLATERAL

 

Pledged Assets

 

At March 31, 2008, assets mortgaged, pledged, or otherwise subject to lien were as follows:

 

     (in millions)

Trading account securities

   ¥ 900,692

Investment securities

     7,059,679

Loans

     5,296,166

Other

     107,206
      

Total

   ¥ 13,363,743
      

 

The above pledged assets were classified by type of liabilities to which they related as follows:

 

     (in millions)

Deposits

   ¥ 460,756

Call money and funds purchased

     640,827

Payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions

     6,769,520

Other short-term borrowings and long-term debt

     5,492,510

Other

     130
      

Total

   ¥ 13,363,743
      

 

In addition, at March 31, 2008, loans and certain investment securities, principally Japanese national government and Japanese government agency bonds, and other assets aggregating ¥9,335,914 million were pledged as collateral for acting as a collection agent of public funds, for settlement of exchange at the Bank of Japan and Tokyo Bankers Association, for derivative transactions and for certain other purposes.

 

Under Japanese law, Japanese banks are required to maintain certain minimum reserves on deposit with the Bank of Japan based on the amount of deposit balances and certain other factors. There are similar reserve deposit requirements for foreign offices engaged in banking businesses in foreign countries. At March 31, 2007 and 2008, the reserve funds maintained by the BTMU Group, which are included in Cash and due from banks and Interest-earning deposits in other banks, were ¥741,959 million and ¥2,061,565 million, respectively. Average reserves during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008 were ¥1,500,421 million and ¥1,428,124 million, respectively.

 

Collateral

 

The BTMU Group accepts and provides financial assets as collateral for transactions, principally commercial loans, repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions, call money, and derivatives. Financial assets eligible for such collateral include, among others, marketable equity securities, trade and notes receivable and certificates of deposit.

 

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THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Secured parties, including creditors and counterparties to certain transactions with the BTMU Group, may sell or repledge financial assets provided as collateral. Certain contracts, however, may not be specific about the secured party’s right to sell or repledge collateral under the applicable statutes and, therefore, whether or not the secured party is permitted to sell or repledge collateral would differ depending on the interpretations of specific provisions of the existing statutes, contract or certain market practices. If the BTMU Group determines, based on available information, that a financial asset provided as collateral might not be sold or repledged by the secured parties, such collateral is not separately reported in the consolidated balance sheets. If a secured party is permitted to sell or repledge financial assets provided as collateral by contract or custom under the existing statutes, the BTMU Group reports such pledged financial assets separately on the face of the consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2008, the BTMU Group pledged ¥11,342 billion of assets that may not be sold or repledged by the secured parties.

 

The BTMU Group accepts collateral for commercial loans and certain banking transactions under a standardized agreement with customers, which provides that the BTMU Group may require the customers to provide collateral or guarantees with respect to the loans and other banking transactions. Financial assets pledged as collateral are generally negotiable and transferable instruments, and such negotiability and transferability is authorized by applicable legislation. In principle, Japanese legislation permits the BTMU Group to repledge financial assets accepted as collateral unless otherwise prohibited by contract or relevant statutes. Nevertheless, the BTMU Group did not sell or repledge nor does it plan to sell or repledge such collateral accepted in connection with commercial loans before a debtor’s default or other credit events specified in the agreements as it is not customary within the banking industry in Japan to dispose of collateral before a debtor’s default and other specified credit events. Derivative agreements commonly used in the marketplace do not prohibit a secured party’s disposition of financial assets received as collateral, and in resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions, securities accepted as collateral may be sold or repledged by the secured parties. At March 31, 2007 and 2008, the fair value of the collateral accepted by the BTMU Group that is permitted to be sold or repledged was approximately ¥11,831 billion and ¥13,531 billion, respectively, of which approximately ¥1,217 billion and ¥1,275 billion, respectively, was sold or repledged. The amount includes the collateral that may be repledged under the current Japanese legislation but the BTMU Group does not dispose of before the counterparties’ default in accordance with the customary practice within the Japanese banking industry.

 

13.    DEPOSITS

 

The balances of time deposits, including certificates of deposit (“CDs”), issued in amounts of ¥10 million (approximately US$100 thousand at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s noon buying rate on March 31, 2008) or more with respect to domestic deposits and issued in amounts of US$100,000 or more with respect to foreign deposits were ¥19,103,823 million and ¥9,739,609 million, respectively, at March 31, 2007, and ¥20,643,100 million and ¥11,900,661 million, respectively, at March 31, 2008.

 

The maturity information at March 31, 2008 for domestic and foreign time deposits, including CDs, is summarized as follows:

 

     Domestic    Foreign
     (in millions)

Due in one year or less

   ¥ 30,950,570    ¥ 11,967,749

Due after one year through two years

     2,639,232      100,214

Due after two years through three years

     2,032,522      36,716

Due after three years through four years

     390,423      88,774

Due after four years through five years

     424,654      15,927

Due after five years

     82,695      18,844
             

Total

   ¥ 36,520,096    ¥ 12,228,224
             

 

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THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

14.    CALL LOANS AND FUNDS SOLD, AND CALL MONEY AND FUNDS PURCHASED

 

A summary of funds transactions for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 is as follows:

 

     2006     2007     2008  
     (in millions, except percentages)  

Average balance during the fiscal year:

      

Call money and funds purchased

   ¥ 2,169,761     ¥ 2,106,590     ¥ 2,815,011  

Call loans and funds sold

     976,376       1,072,561       825,890  
                        

Net funds purchased position

   ¥ 1,193,385     ¥ 1,034,029       1,989,121  
                        

Call money and funds purchased:

      

Outstanding at end of fiscal year:

      

Amount

   ¥ 1,838,076     ¥ 2,050,910     ¥ 1,786,923  

Principal range of maturities

     1 day to 30 days       1 day to 30 days       1 day to 30 days  

Weighted average interest rate

     0.53 %     2.60 %     1.92 %

Maximum balance at any month-end during the fiscal year

   ¥ 3,115,273     ¥ 2,639,999     ¥ 3,509,973  

Weighted average interest rate paid during the fiscal year

     0.22 %     1.04 %     1.38 %

 

Average balances are generally based on a daily average while a month-end average is used for certain average balances when it is not practicable to obtain applicable daily averages.

 

15.    SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS AND LONG-TERM DEBT

 

At March 31, 2007 and 2008, the BTMU Group had unused lines of credit for short-term financing amounting to ¥7,196,828 million and ¥7,986,571 million, respectively. The amounts principally consist of the lines of collateralized intraday overdrafts without interest charges and collateralized overnight loans on bills at the official discount rate granted by the Bank of Japan, which are used to cover shortages in the Bank of Japan account and to meet liquidity needs. The BTMU Group may borrow from the Bank of Japan on demand up to the total amount of collateral eligible for credit extension.

 

Other short-term borrowings at March 31, 2007 and 2008 were comprised of the following:

 

             2007                     2008          
     (in millions, except percentages)  

Domestic offices:

    

Commercial paper

   ¥ 1,334,348     ¥ 1,256,819  

Borrowings from financial institutions

     260,940       275,206  

Other

     833,817       97,227  
                

Total domestic offices

     2,429,105       1,629,252  
                

Foreign offices:

    

Commercial paper

     1,591,090       1,380,037  

Other

     391,449       665,887  
                

Total foreign offices

     1,982,539       2,045,924  
                

Total

   ¥ 4,411,644     ¥ 3,675,176  
                

Weighted average interest rate on outstanding balance at end of fiscal year

     2.64 %     2.68 %

 

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THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

A summary of other short-term borrowing transactions for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 is as follows:

 

     2006     2007     2008  
     (in millions, except percentages)  

Average balance outstanding during the fiscal year

   ¥ 10,745,124     ¥ 5,990,159     ¥ 4,163,250  

Maximum balance at any month-end during the fiscal year

     15,614,428       7,883,422       5,124,282  

Weighted average interest rate during the fiscal year

     0.61 %     1.75 %     2.72 %

 

Long-term debt (with original maturities of more then one year) at March 31, 2007 and 2008 was comprised the following:

 

     2007    2008
     (in millions)

BTMU:

     

Obligations under capital leases

   ¥ 154,004    ¥ 119,166

Obligation under sale-and-leaseback transactions

     46,270      57,925

Unsubordinated debt(2):

     

Fixed rate bonds, payable in Japanese yen, due 2008 - 2027, principally 0.36% - 2.69%

     2,093,978      1,806,606

Fixed rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, due 2008 - 2028, principally 0.25% - 7.30%(1)

     66,841      46,884

Fixed rate borrowings, payable in United States dollars, due 2009 - 2018, principally 6.37% - 7.49%

     13,813      7,029

Fixed rate borrowings, payable in Thai baht, due 2009 - 2013, principally 4.10% - 5.65%

     6,056      4,675

Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in United States dollars, due 2007 - 2011, principally 4.24% 4.72%

     1,023     

Floating rate bonds, payable in Japanese yen, due 2014, principally 1.38%

          20,000

Floating rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, due 2009 - 2017, principally 0.98% - 3.37%

          14,336

Floating rate borrowings, payable in United States dollars, due 2008, principally 4.90%

     82,635      30,057

Floating rate borrowings, payable in Philippine peso, due 2009, principally 8.82%

     591      552

Floating rate borrowings, payable in Thai baht, due 2008 - 2009, principally 2.78% - 2.90%

     420      894
             

Total

     2,265,357      1,931,033

Subordinated debt(2):

     

Fixed rate bonds, payable in Japanese yen, due 2010 - 2022, principally 1.13% - 2.39%

     630,032      689,352

Fixed rate bonds, payable in United States dollars, due 2010 - 2011, principally 7.40% - 8.40%

     490,165      408,412

Fixed rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, due 2009 - 2035, principally 1.40% - 3.98%

     571,576      463,676

Fixed rate borrowings, payable in United States dollars, due 2008 - 2013, principally 6.76% - 8.76%

     434,057      354,916

Adjustable rate bonds, payable in Japanese yen, due 2012, principally 1.46%

     1,000     

Adjustable rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, due 2008 - 2021, principally 0.69% - 2.01%

     198,000      128,000

Floating rate bonds, payable in Euro, due 2015, principally 3.50%

     157,330      158,190

Floating rate bonds, payable in Japanese yen, due 2013, principally 1.32%

     11,000     

Floating rate borrowings, payable in Japanese yen, due 2008 - 2028, principally 1.04% - 4.01%(1)

     1,371,512      1,590,711

Floating rate borrowings, payable in United States dollars, due 2008 - 2017, principally 3.03% -8.98%

     647,858      609,957

Floating rate borrowings, payable in Euro, due 2015 - 2017, principally 4.72% - 5.27%

     332,753      350,391

Floating rate borrowings, payable in Great Britain pound, due 2017, principally 6.10% - 6.20%

     194,653      168,092
             

Total

     5,039,936      4,921,697

Obligations under loan securitization transaction accounted for as secured borrowings, due 2008 - 2044, principally 0.53% - 7.28%

     3,142,384      3,191,209
             

Total

     10,647,951      10,221,030
             

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

    2007   2008
    (in millions)

Subsidiaries:

   

Unsubordinated debt(2):

   

Fixed rate bonds and notes, payable in Japanese yen, due 2008 - 2024, principally 0.25% - 8.30%(1)

  ¥ 745,809   ¥ 527,002

Fixed rate bonds and notes, payable in United States dollars, due 2012 - 2023, principally 6.70% - 6.94%

    15,138     7,855

Fixed rate bonds and notes, payable in Euro, due 2010 - 2012, principally 5.15% - 6.25%

    248    

Fixed rate bonds and notes, payable in Brazil real, due 2009, principally 4.92%(1)

    456    

Fixed rate bonds and notes, payable in Chinese yuen, due 2011, principally 4.70%

        357

Fixed rate bonds and notes, payable in Indonesian rupiah, due 2008 - 2010, principally 8.50% -9.75%

    665     2,057

Fixed rate bonds and notes, payable in Thai baht, due 2008 - 2012, principally 1.24% - 5.14%

    769     1,264

Adjustable rate bonds and notes, payable in United States dollars, due 2011 - 2012, principally 4.78% - 8.77%(1)

    5,285     4,390

Floating rate bonds and notes, payable in Japanese yen, due 2008 - 2024, principally 0.81% -2.81%(1)

    422,710     550,304

Floating rate bonds and notes, payable in United States dollars, due 2008 - 2010, principally 3.39% -10.36%

    457     89,289

Floating rate bonds and notes, payable in Brazil real, due 2009, principally 4.92%(1)

    561     395

Floating rate bonds and notes, payable in Chinese yuen, due 2011, principally 8.00%

    1,158     1,186

Floating rate bonds and notes, payable in Hong Kong dollars, due 2007 - 2010, principally 0.75% -5.83%

    4,415    

Floating rate bonds and notes, payable in Indonesian rupiah , due 2007 - 2008, principally 5.33% - 11.67%

    3,240    

Obligations under capital leases and other miscellaneous debt

    16,050     16,984
           

Total

    1,216,961     1,201,083

Subordinated debt:

   

Fixed rate bonds and notes, payable in Japanese yen, due 2015 - 2017, principally 1.45% - 1.97%

    20,000     20,000

Fixed rate bonds and notes, payable in United States dollars, due 2012 - 2030, principally 5.25% -10.88%

    135,430     134,847

Floating rate bonds and notes, payable in Japanese yen, due 2014, principally 2.6% - 2.8%(1)

    10,000     10,000
           

Total

    165,430     164,847

Obligations under loan securitization transaction accounted for as secured borrowings, due 2008 - 2013, principally 0.42% - 7.29%

    232,863     64,610
           

Total

    1,615,254     1,430,540
           

Total

  ¥ 12,263,205   ¥ 11,651,570
           

 

Notes:

(1)   Starting from March 31, 2008, the category of “Insurance companies” is no longer stated separately. The balances as of March 31, 2007 were adjusted accordingly.
(2)   Adjustable rate debts are debts where interest rates are reset in accordance with the terms of the debt agreements, and floating rate debts are debts where interest rates are repriced in accordance with movements of markets indices.

 

BTMU and certain subsidiaries entered into interest rate and currency swaps for certain debt in order to manage exposure to interest rate and currency exchange rate movements. As a result of these swap arrangements, the effective interest rates may differ from the coupon rates reflected in the above table. The interest rates for the adjustable and floating rate debt shown in the above table are those in effect at March 31, 2007 and 2008. Certain interest rates are determined by formulas and may be subject to certain minimum and maximum rates. Floating and adjustable rate debt agreements may provide for interest rate floors to prevent negative interest payments (i.e., receipts).

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Certain debt agreements permit BTMU and some of its subsidiaries to redeem the related debt, in whole or in part, prior to maturity at the option of the issuer on terms specified in the respective agreements.

 

The following is a summary of maturities of long-term debt subsequent to March 31, 2008:

 

     BTMU    Other
subsidiaries
   Total
     (in millions)

Fiscal year ending March 31:

        

2009

   ¥ 1,422,588    ¥ 515,692    ¥ 1,938,280

2010

     1,015,615      274,691      1,290,306

2011

     1,468,384      283,857      1,752,241

2012

     1,048,763      74,706      1,123,469

2013

     717,073      81,524      798,597

2014 and thereafter

     4,548,607      200,070      4,748,677
                    

Total

   ¥ 10,221,030    ¥ 1,430,540    ¥ 11,651,570
                    

 

16.    SEVERANCE INDEMNITIES AND PENSION PLANS

 

Defined Benefit Pension Plans

 

The BTMU Group has funded non-contributory defined benefit pension plans (“pension benefits”), which cover substantially all of their employees and provide for lifetime annuity payments commencing at age 65 based on eligible compensation at the time of severance, rank, years of service and other factors.

 

On January 1, 2006, BTMU integrated BTM’s contributory Corporate Defined Benefit Pension plan (“CDBP”) and UFJ Bank’s non-contributory CDBP plan and established a new non-contributory CDBP plan. The integration resulted in the change of the amounts of benefits earned based on employees’ services rendered in prior fiscal periods. The plan amendment did not have a significant impact on the BTMU Group’s results of operations and financial position.

 

Until January 1, 2006, BTM’s contributory CDBP was referred to as Employees’ Pension Fund plans (“EPF”s), which were contributory defined benefit pension plans established under the Japanese Welfare Pension Insurance Law (“JWPIL”). These plans were composed of (a) substitutional portion based on the pay-related part of the old-age pension benefits prescribed by JWPIL (similar to social security benefits in the United States) and (b) a corporate portion based on a contributory defined benefit pension arrangement established on a discretionary basis. BTMU and its domestic subsidiaries with EPF plans and their employees were exempted from contributions to Japanese Pension Insurance (“JPI”) that would otherwise be required if they had not elected to fund the substitutional portion of the benefit through an EPF arrangement. The EPF plans, in turn, had paid both the corporate and substitutional pension benefits to retired beneficiaries out of their plan assets. Benefits of the substitutional portion were based on a standard remuneration schedule as determined by the JWPIL, but the benefits of the corporate portion were based on a formula determined by each employer/EPF plan. Pension benefits and plan assets applicable to the substitutional portion were included in the corporate portion in the determination of net periodic costs and funded status.

 

In June 2001, JWPIL was amended to permit each employer/EPF plan to separate the substitutional portion from the EPF plan and transfer the obligation and related assets to the government. The separation process occurred in several phases.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

In June 2003, BTMU submitted to the government an application to transfer the obligation to pay benefits for future employee service related to the substitutional portion and the application was approved in August 2003. In August 2004, BTMU made another application for transfer to the government of the remaining substitutional portion and the application was approved in November 2004. To complete the separation process, the substitutional obligation and related plan assets were transferred to a government agency on March 28, 2005.

 

In accordance with EITF 03-2, “Accounting for the Transfer to the Japanese Government of the Substitutional Portion of Employee Pension Fund Liabilities”, BTMU recognized (1) the difference of ¥103,001 million between the accumulated benefit obligations settled and the assets transferred to the Japanese Government as a government grant for transfer of the substitutional portion of the EPF plan, (2) the proportionate amount of the net unrealized loss of ¥69,257 million for the substitutional portion as settlement loss, and (3) the difference of ¥1,221 million between the projected benefit obligations and the accumulated benefit obligations related to the substitutional portion, as gain on derecognition of previously accrued salary progression for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006.

 

The remaining portion of the EPF plan (that is, the corporate portion) was transferred to the BTM’s contributory CDBP plan after the separation process was completed.

 

In addition to the CDBP, BTMU has closed Tax-Qualified Pension Plans (“closed TQPPs”), which are non-contributory defined benefit pension plans that provide benefits to certain retired employees, excluding directors in Japan, based on eligible compensation at the time of severance, years of service and other factors.

 

The BTMU Group also offers qualified and nonqualified defined benefit pension plans in foreign offices and subsidiaries for their employees. The qualified plans are non-contributory defined benefit pension plans, which provide benefits upon retirement based on years of service and average compensation and cover substantially all of the employees of such foreign offices and subsidiaries. With respect to the offices and subsidiaries in the United States of America, the qualified plans are funded on a current basis in compliance with the requirement of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of the United States of America. The nonqualified plans are non-contributory defined benefit pension plans, under which certain employees earn pay and interest credits on compensation amounts above the maximum stipulated by applicable laws under the qualified plans.

 

Severance Indemnities Plans

 

The BTMU Group has severance indemnities plans (“SIP”s) under which their employees in Japan, other than those who are directors, are entitled, under most circumstances, upon mandatory retirement at normal retirement age or earlier termination of employment, to lump-sum severance indemnities based on eligible compensation at the time of severance, rank, years of service and other factors. Under SIPs, benefit payments in the form of a lump-sum cash payment with no option to receive annuity payments, upon mandatory retirement at normal retirement age or earlier termination of employment, are provided. When a benefit is paid in a single payment to a benefit payee under the plans, the payment represents final relief of the obligation.

 

Other Postretirement Plans

 

The BTMU Group’s foreign offices and subsidiaries, primarily in the United States of America, provide their employees with certain postretirement medical and life insurance benefits (“other benefits”). Plan assets are generally invested in government securities, corporate bonds and mutual funds.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

 

Net periodic cost of pension benefits and other benefits for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 include the following components:

 

    BTMU and
domestic subsidiaries
    Foreign offices
and subsidiaries
 
    2006     2007     2008     2006     2007     2008  
    Pension
benefits

and SIP
    Pension
benefits

and SIP
    Pension
benefits

and SIP
    Pension
benefits
    Other
benefits
    Pension
benefits
    Other
benefits
    Pension
benefits
    Other
benefits
 
    (in millions)  

Service cost—benefits earned during the fiscal year

  ¥ 18,229     ¥ 28,517     ¥ 27,657     ¥ 6,770     ¥ 797     ¥ 7,829     ¥ 967     ¥ 7,049       ¥1,100  

Interest costs on projected benefit obligation

    17,443       26,515       27,586       8,303       1,079       9,931       1,233       10,991       1,501  

Expected return on plan assets

    (18,543 )     (40,704 )     (39,819 )     (12,115 )     (1,146 )     (15,312 )     (1,353 )     (17,225 )     (1,639 )

Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain)

    13,561       (417 )     (3,131 )     3,342       328       4,530       530       2,519       500  

Amortization of prior service cost

    (624 )     (3,417 )     (3,373 )     179       (85 )     221       (89 )     125       (87 )

Amortization of net obligation at transition

    206       274       311       4       224       5       237             240  

Loss (gain) on settlements and curtailment

    70,550       (2,122 )     (5,873 )                                    

Gain on derecognition of previously accrued salary progression

    (1,221 )                                                
                                                                       

Net periodic benefit cost

  ¥ 99,601     ¥ 8,646     ¥ 3,358     ¥ 6,483     ¥ 1,197     ¥ 7,204     ¥ 1,525     ¥ 3,459     ¥ 1,615  
                                                                       

 

The following table summarizes the assumptions used in computing the present value of the projected benefit obligations and the net periodic benefit cost:

 

    BTMU and
domestic subsidiaries
    Foreign offices
and subsidiaries
 
    2006     2007     2008     2006     2007     2008  
    Pension
benefits

and SIP
    Pension
benefits

and SIP
    Pension
benefits

and SIP
    Pension
benefits
    Other
benefits
    Pension
benefits
    Other
benefits
    Pension
benefits
    Other
benefits
 

Weighted-average assumptions used:

                 

Discount rates in determining expense

  2.18 %(1)   2.12 %   2.30 %   5.71 %   5.76 %   5.42 %   5.15 %   5.87 %   6.02 %

Discount rates in determining benefit obligation

  2.12     2.30     2.13     5.42     5.15     5.87     6.02     5.99     6.01  

Rates of increase in future compensation level for determining expense

  2.68 (1)   2.54     2.67     4.47         4.63         4.64      

Rates of increase in future compensation level for determining benefit obligation

  2.54     2.67     2.82     4.63         4.64         4.54      

Expected rates of return on plan assets

  2.53 (1)   2.79     2.43     8.19     8.25     8.13     8.25     8.12     8.25  

 

Note:

(1)   Weighted-average assumptions used in determining expenses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006 in the above table are for the BTM Group only. These assumptions used for the UFJ Bank Group, related to expenses recognized since October 1, 2005, were as follows:

 

     2006  

Discount rates in determining expense

   2.15 %

Rates of increase in future compensation level for determining expense

   4.97  

Expected rates of return on plan assets

   2.62  

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The following tables present the assumed weighted-average other benefits cost trend rates for foreign offices and subsidiaries, which are used to measure the expected cost of benefits at year-end, and the effect of a one-percentage-point change in the assumed medical benefits cost trend rate:

 

     UNBC     Other than UNBC  
     Years ended December 31,     Years ended December 31,  
     2006     2007     2006     2007  

Initial trend rate

     8.06 %   9.36 %   7.00 %   9.00 %

Ultimate trend rate

     5.00 %   5.00 %   5.00 %   5.00 %

Year the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate

     2011     2013     2009     2011  

 

     UNBC     Other than UNBC  
     One-percentage-
point increase
   One-percentage-
point decrease
    One-percentage-
point increase
   One-percentage-
point decrease
 
     (in millions)  

Effect on total of service and interest cost components

   ¥ 321    ¥ (265 )     ¥ 138    ¥ (43 )

Effect on postretirement benefit obligation

     2,504      (2,126 )     520      (332 )

 

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THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The following table sets forth the combined funded status and amounts recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2007 and 2008:

 

    BTMU and
domestic subsidiaries
    Foreign offices
and subsidiaries
 
    2007     2008     2007     2008  
    Pension
benefits

and SIP
    Pension
benefits

and SIP
    Pension
benefits
    Other
benefits
    Pension
benefits
    Other
benefits
 
    (in millions)  

Change in benefit obligation:

           

Benefit obligation at beginning of fiscal year

  ¥ 1,283,500     ¥ 1,252,619     ¥ 183,177     ¥ 22,381     ¥ 193,743     ¥ 24,587  

Service cost

    28,517       27,657       7,829       967       7,049       1,100  

Interest cost

    26,515       27,586       9,931       1,233       10,991       1,501  

Plan participants’ contributions

                8       304             346  

Amendments

    (25,104 )     (50 )     33                    

Actuarial loss (gain)

    (7,927 )     21,981       (7,956 )     788       883       1,601  

Benefits paid

    (43,209 )     (57,881 )     (5,008 )     (1,533 )     (6,727 )     (1,778 )

Lump-sum payment

    (9,673 )     (19,757 )                 (414 )     (23 )

Curtailment loss

          1,347                          

Translation adjustments

                5,729       447       (11,258 )     (1,334 )
                                               

Benefit obligation at end of fiscal year

    1,252,619       1,253,502       193,743       24,587       194,267       26,000  
                                               

Change in plan assets:

           

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of fiscal year

    1,449,007       1,632,323       183,045       16,194       222,837       19,631  

Actual return on plan assets

    184,789       146,221       25,181       2,312       13,965       1,239  

Employer contributions

    41,736       41,205       14,188       2,136       9,352       1,229  

Plan participants’ contributions

                8       304             346  

Benefits paid

    (43,209 )     (57,881 )     (5,008 )     (1,533 )     (6,727 )     (1,778 )

Translation adjustments

                5,423       218       (11,771 )     (850 )
                                               

Fair value of plan assets at end of fiscal year

    1,632,323       1,761,868       222,837       19,631       227,656       19,817  
                                               

Reconciliation of funded status:

           

Funded status

    379,704       508,366       29,094       (4,956 )     33,389       (6,183 )

Contributions to or benefits paid from plan assets during the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2008

    13,290       9,332                          
                                               

Net amount recognized

  ¥ 392,994     ¥ 517,698     ¥ 29,094     ¥ (4,956 )   ¥ 33,389     ¥ (6,183 )
                                               

Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets:

           

Prepaid benefit cost

  ¥ 422,779     ¥ 553,880     ¥ 48,634     ¥     ¥ 51,190     ¥  

Accrued benefit cost

    (29,785 )     (36,182 )     (19,540 )     (4,956 )     (17,801 )     (6,183 )
                                               

Net amount recognized

  ¥ 392,994     ¥ 517,698     ¥ 29,094     ¥ (4,956 )   ¥ 33,389     ¥ (6,183 )
                                               

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The aggregated accumulated benefit obligations of these plans at March 31, 2007 and 2008 were as follows:

 

     BTMU and
domestic subsidiaries
   Foreign offices
and subsidiaries
     2007    2008    2007    2008
     (in millions)

Aggregated accumulated benefit obligations

   ¥ 1,239,942    ¥ 1,234,171    ¥ 175,773    ¥ 176,699

 

The projected benefit obligations, accumulated benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for the plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets at March 31, 2007 and 2008 were as follows:

 

     BTMU and
domestic subsidiaries
   Foreign offices
and subsidiaries
         2007            2008            2007            2008    
     (in millions)

Projected benefit obligations

   ¥ 47,399    ¥ 79,603    ¥ 41,060    ¥ 36,067

Accumulated benefit obligations

     46,725      75,562      40,224      35,698

Fair value of plan assets

     18,669      43,246      21,721      18,291

 

In accordance with BTMU’s and its domestic subsidiaries’ employment practices, certain early-terminated employees are entitled to special lump-sum termination benefits. The amounts charged to operations for such early termination benefits for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 were ¥8,101 million, ¥6,603 million and ¥45,506 million, respectively. The ¥45,506 million charge to operations for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 mainly consists of ¥36,613 million related to Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS of which ¥9,361 million is included in accrued benefit costs.

 

The BTMU Group adopted the recognition provision of SFAS No. 158 at March 31, 2007. The BTMU Group recognized the overfunded status or underfunded status of all plans as prepaid benefit cost or accrued benefit cost on the consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2007 with an adjustment to accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources, net of taxes. SFAS No. 158 did not change the determination of net periodic benefit costs.

 

The following table presents the incremental effect of applying SFAS No. 158 on individual line items on the consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2007:

 

     Before
application of

SFAS No. 158
   Effect of adjustment
Increase/(Decrease)
    After
application of

SFAS No. 158

Intangible assets—net

   ¥ 954,111    ¥ (432 )   ¥ 953,679
                     

Deferred tax assets

   ¥ 588,976    ¥ (77,977 )   ¥ 510,999
                     

Other assets

   ¥ 3,624,959    ¥ 154,142     ¥ 3,779,101
                     

Total assets

   ¥ 153,529,509    ¥ 75,733     ¥ 153,605,242
                     

Other liabilities

   ¥ 3,954,094    ¥ (24,015 )   ¥ 3,930,079
                     

Total liabilities

   ¥ 144,943,126    ¥ (24,015 )   ¥ 144,919,111
                     

Accumulated other changes in equity from nonower sources, net of tax

   ¥ 1,750,673    ¥ 99,748     ¥ 1,850,421
                     

Total shareholder’s equity

   ¥ 8,586,383    ¥ 99,748     ¥ 8,686,131
                     

 

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The following table presents the recognized amounts in accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources of the BTMU Group at March 31, 2007 and 2008:

 

     BTMU and
domestic subsidiaries
    Foreign offices
and subsidiaries
 
     2007     2008     2007     2008  
     Pension
benefits
and SIP
    Pension
benefits
and SIP
    Pension
benefits
    Other
benefits
    Pension
benefits
    Other
benefits
 
     (in millions)  

Net actuarial loss (gain)

   ¥ (143,201 )   ¥ (217,817 )   ¥ 31,124     ¥ 5,858     ¥ 30,767     ¥ 6,976  

Prior service cost

     (49,565 )     (44,586 )     161       (686 )     107       (528 )

Net obligation at transition

     369       58             1,455             1,162  
                                                

Gross pension liability adjustments

     (192,397 )     (262,345 )     31,285       6,627       30,874       7,610  

Taxes

     78,107       107,226       (12,065 )     (2,541 )     (11,914 )     (2,916 )
                                                

Net pension liability adjustments

   ¥ (114,290 )   ¥ (155,119 )   ¥ 19,220     ¥ 4,086     ¥ 18,960     ¥ 4,694  
                                                

 

The following table presents the changes in equity from nonowner sources in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008:

 

     BTMU and
domestic subsidiaries
    Foreign offices
and subsidiaries
 
     Pension
benefits
and SIP
    Pension
benefits
    Other
benefits
 
     (in millions)  

Net actuarial loss (gain) arising during the year

   ¥ (83,208 )   ¥ 3,974     ¥ 1,969  

Prior service cost arising during the year

     (136 )     80       (1 )

Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain)

     3,131       (2,519 )     (500 )

Amortization of prior service cost

     3,373       (125 )     87  

Amortization of net obligation at transition

     (311 )           (240 )

Curtailment and settlement

     7,203              

Foreign currency translation adjustments

           (1,821 )     (332 )
                        

Total changes in Other comprehensive income

   ¥ (69,948 )   ¥ (411 )   ¥ 983  
                        

 

The following table presents the expected amounts that will be amortized from accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources as components of net periodic benefit cost, before taxes, for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2009:

 

     BTMU and
domestic subsidiaries
    Foreign offices
and subsidiaries
 
     Pension
benefits
and SIP
    Pension
benefits
   Other
benefits
 
     (in millions)  

Net actuarial loss

   ¥ 406     ¥ 1,927    ¥ 495  

Prior service cost

     (3,249 )     59      (79 )

Net obligation at transition

                232  
                       

Total

   ¥ (2,843 )   ¥ 1,986    ¥ 648  
                       

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Asset allocation

 

The weighted-average asset allocation of plan assets for the pension benefits and other benefits at December 31, 2006 and 2007 were as follows:

 

     BTMU and
domestic subsidiaries
    Foreign offices
and subsidiaries
 
     2006     2007     2006     2007  

Asset category

   Pension
benefits

and SIP
    Pension
benefits

and SIP
    Pension
benefits
    Other
benefits
    Pension
benefits
    Other
benefits
 

Pension fund

            

Japanese equity securities(1)

   14.41 %   12.13 %   %   %   %   %

Japanese debt securities(2)

   26.00     25.24                  

Non-Japanese equity securities

   13.25     11.07     65.71     55.00     64.30     54.00  

Non-Japanese debt securities

   7.21     5.67     27.26     22.00     29.14     24.00  

General account of life insurance companies(3)

   5.05     4.91         23.00         22.00  

Real estate

   0.03         4.57         4.65      

Short-term assets

   0.35     0.92     2.46         1.91      

Employee retirement benefit trust, primarily Japanese equity securities

   33.70     40.06                  
                                    

Total

   100.00 %   100.00 %   100.00 %   100.00 %   100.00 %   100.00 %
                                    

 

Notes:

(1)   Japanese equity securities include MUFG and the BTMU Group’s common stock in the amounts of ¥6,966 million (0.43% of plan assets) and ¥4,922 million (0.28% of plan assets) to the pension benefits and SIPs at December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
(2)   Japanese debt securities include the BTMU Group’s debt securities in the amounts of ¥3,494 million (0.21% of plan assets) and ¥3,888 million (0.22% of plan assets) to the pension benefits and SIPs at December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
(3)   “General account of life insurance companies” is a contract with life insurance companies that guarantees a return of approximately 1.23% (from April 2006 to March 2007) and 1.24% (from April 2007 to March 2008), which is mainly invested in assets with low market risk such as Japanese debt securities. In terms of pension plan asset allocation, BTMU regards the general account in the same category as Japanese debt securities, because it is generally believed that there is a high degree of correlation between their performances. BTMU carefully monitors life insurance companies by credit rating and other assessments.

 

Investment policies

 

The weighted-average target asset allocation of plan assets for the pension benefits and other benefits at December 31, 2007 was as follows:

 

Asset category

   BTMU and
domestic subsidiaries
    Foreign offices
and subsidiaries
 
   Pension
benefits

and SIP
    Pension
benefits
    Other
benefits
 

Japanese equity securities

   21.0 %   %   %

Japanese debt securities

   51.0          

Non-Japanese equity securities

   19.0     65.5     67.0  

Non-Japanese debt securities

   9.0     27.7     28.0  

Real estate

       4.6     5.0  

Short-term assets

       2.2      
                  

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %
                  

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The investment policy for plan assets of BTMU and domestic subsidiaries is to achieve assured benefits and stable contributions through proper risk control and return maximization. BTMU fixes the long-term asset allocation, which will be maintained for approximately five years, for efficient long-term investment return. The long-term asset allocation is based on optimal portfolios, which are estimated by expected return and risk according to each asset category, while considering BTMU’s risk tolerance.

 

As a general rule, BTMU reviews its investment policies for the plan assets approximately every five years. Additionally, a review is made in the following situations: large fluctuations in pension plan liabilities caused by modifications of pension plans, or changes in the market environment. BTMU carefully examines investment in alternative assets, such as derivatives or hedge funds, while considering BTMU’s investment administration structure. BTMU controls risk on the plan assets by standard deviation analysis. Additionally, BTMU requires and checks that investment companies track errors in each asset category within a designated range.

 

BTMU believes that the purpose of an employee retirement benefit trust investment is to achieve assured benefits. Employee retirement benefit trust assets are invested primarily in Japanese equity securities. This asset allocation will be held for the medium term, but it is undecided whether it will be held in the long term.

 

BTMU’s SIP consists of an employee retirement benefit trust. The trust’s purpose and basic policy is the same as the employee retirement benefit trust described above. BTMU’s TQPPs have been closed and there are no more new beneficiaries. Therefore, to achieve assured benefits, the plan assets for closed TQPPs are invested in assets with low market risk.

 

The investment objective for plan assets of foreign offices and subsidiaries is to maximize total return within reasonable and prudent levels of risk. The plan asset allocation strategies are the principal determinant in achieving expected investment returns on the plan assets. Actual asset allocations may fluctuate within acceptable ranges due to market value variability. If market fluctuations cause an asset category to fall outside of its strategic asset allocation range, the portfolio will be rebalanced as appropriate. Performance of each plan asset category is compared against established indices and peer groups to evaluate whether the risk associated with the portfolio is appropriate for the level of return.

 

Basis and procedure for estimating long-term return of each asset category

 

BTMU and domestic subsidiaries estimate the expected rate of return on the plan assets using a forward-looking building block approach. In this approach, the rate of return for each category of the plan assets is derived from both long-term historical performance and forward-looking return expectations based on future prospects of the economy and capital markets. The expected rate of return on the plan assets is 3.33%, which is the average of the expected rates of return weighted by assets allocation.

 

The expected rate of return on the employee retirement benefit trust which consists of SIP part and CDBP part is estimated as 1.44% based on the expected dividend yield on Japanese equity securities. Expected capital return is not taken into account, because the long-term asset allocation has not been determined.

 

Foreign offices and subsidiaries periodically reconsider the expected long-term rate of return for their plan assets. They evaluate the investment return volatility of different asset categories and compare the liability structure of their pension and other benefits to those of other companies, while considering their funding policy to maintain a funded status sufficient to meet participants’ benefit obligations, and reduce long-term funding requirements and pension costs. Based on this information, foreign offices and subsidiaries update the expected long-term rate of return.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

 

Cash flows

 

BTMU expects to contribute to the plan assets for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2009 based upon its current funded status and expected asset return assumptions as follows:

 

For the pension benefits of BTMU and domestic subsidiaries

   ¥  40.1 billion

For the pension benefits of foreign offices and subsidiaries

     2.2 billion

For the other benefits of foreign offices and subsidiaries

     1.4 billion

 

Estimated future benefit payments

 

The following table presents benefit payments expected to be paid, which include the effect of expected future service for the fiscal years indicated:

 

     BTMU and
domestic subsidiaries
   Foreign offices
and subsidiaries
     Pension
benefits

and SIP
   Pension
benefits
   Other
benefits
     (in millions)

Fiscal year ending March 31:

        

2009

   ¥ 61,940    ¥ 6,759    ¥ 1,523

2010

     63,591      6,861      1,622

2011

     64,161      7,326      1,721

2012

     64,598      7,982      1,823

2013

     65,319      8,662      1,892

Thereafter (2014-2018)

     336,425      56,071      10,818

 

Defined Contribution Plans

 

The BTMU Group maintains several qualified defined contribution plans in its domestic and foreign offices and subsidiaries, all of which are administered in accordance with applicable local laws and regulations. Each office and subsidiary matches eligible employee contributions up to a certain percentage of benefits-eligible compensation per pay period, subject to plan and legal limits. Terms of the plan, including matching percentage and vesting periods, are individually determined by each office and subsidiary.

 

The cost of these defined contribution plans charged to operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007, and 2008 were ¥3,673 million, ¥3,182 million and ¥3,432 million, respectively.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

17.    OTHER ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

 

Major components of other assets and liabilities at March 31, 2007 and 2008 were as follows:

 

     2007     2008
     (in millions)

Other assets:

    

Accounts receivable:

    

Receivables from brokers, dealers and customers for securities transactions

   ¥ 584,113     ¥ 470,119

Other

     706,742       752,048

Investments in equity method investees

     395,920 (1)     360,091

Non-interest-earning deposits with the Special Fund and the New Fund (See Note 7)

     257,093       261,756

Prepaid benefit cost

     471,413       605,070

Other

     1,363,820 (1)     1,401,167
              

Total

   ¥ 3,779,101     ¥ 3,850,251
              

Other liabilities:

    

Accounts payable:

    

Payables to brokers, dealers and customers for securities transactions

   ¥ 941,769     ¥ 593,921

Other

     731,396 (2)     714,089

Deferred tax liabilities

     74,663       57,389

Allowance for off-balance-sheet credit instruments

     76,564       93,988

Accrued benefit cost

     54,281       69,557

Minority interests

     552,439       585,466

Guarantees and indemnifications

     86,605       71,587

Accrued and other liabilities

     1,412,362 (2)     1,809,489
              

Total

   ¥ 3,930,079     ¥ 3,995,486
              

 

Notes:  
(1)   The balances of Investments in equity method investees and Other at March 31, 2007 have been restated from ¥341,175 million and ¥1,418,565 million to ¥395,920 million and ¥1,363,820 million, respectively.
(2)   The balances of Accounts payable—other and Accrued and other liabilities at March 31, 2007 have been restated from ¥883,863 million and ¥1,259,895 million to ¥731,396 million and ¥1,412,362 million, respectively.

 

Investments in equity method investees include marketable equity securities carried at ¥111,310 million and ¥65,625 million, respectively, at March 31, 2007 and 2008. Corresponding aggregated market values were ¥133,268 million and ¥69,037 million, respectively.

 

The BTMU Group periodically evaluates whether a loss in value of investments in equity method investees is other than temporary. As a result of evaluations, the BTMU Group did not record impairment losses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006 . The BTMU Group recognized other than temporary declines in the value of an investment and recorded impairment losses related to certain affiliated companies of ¥11,387 million and ¥53,238 million for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008. The impairment losses are included in Equity in earnings (losses) of equity method investees in the consolidated statements of operations.

 

18.    PREFERRED STOCK

 

Pursuant to the Articles of Incorporation, BTMU was authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of Class 2 Preferred Stock, 27,000,000 shares of Class 3 Preferred Stock, 79,700,000 shares of Class 4 Preferred Stock, 150,000,000 shares of Class 5 Preferred Stock and 1,000,000 shares of Class 6 Preferred Stock, without par value.

 

All classes of preferred stock are non-voting and have preference over common stock for the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets in the event of a liquidation or dissolution of BTMU. They are all non-cumulative and non-participating with respect to dividend payments. Shareholders of Class 2, Class 3,

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Class 4, Class 5 and Class 6 Preferred Stock receive a liquidation distribution at ¥2,500, ¥3,000, ¥2,000, ¥2,000 and ¥5,700 per share, respectively, and do not have the right to participate in any further liquidation distributions.

 

The number of preferred stock issued and outstanding at March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 was as follows:

 

     Outstanding at
March 31, 2006
   Net change     Outstanding at
March 31, 2007
   Net change    Outstanding at
March 31, 2008
     (number of shares)

Preferred stock:

             

Class 2

   100,000,000        100,000,000       100,000,000

Class 3

   27,000,000    (9,300,000 )   17,700,000       17,700,000

Class 4

   79,700,000    (79,700,000 )        

Class 5

   150,000,000    (150,000,000 )        

Class 6

             1,000,000    1,000,000
                         

Total

   356,700,000    (239,000,000 )   117,700,000    1,000,000    118,700,000
                         

 

The aggregate liquidation preference of preferred stock issued and outstanding at March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 was as follows:

 

     Aggregate
amount at
March 31, 2006
   Net change     Aggregate
amount at
March 31, 2007
   Net change    Aggregate
amount at
March 31, 2008
     (in millions)

Preferred stock:

             

Class 2

   ¥ 250,000    ¥     ¥ 250,000    ¥    ¥ 250,000

Class 3

     81,000      (27,900 )     53,100           53,100

Class 4

     159,400      (159,400 )              

Class 5

     300,000      (300,000 )              

Class 6

                     5,700      5,700
                                   

Total

   ¥ 790,400    ¥ (487,300 )   ¥ 303,100    ¥ 5,700    ¥ 308,800
                                   

 

The portion of proceeds from the sale of shares that is designated as capital stock is determined by resolution of the Board of Directors of BTMU, however, at least 50% of the issue price of newly issued shares is required to be designated as capital stock at the time of incorporation or share issuance under the Code and the Company Law. Proceeds in excess of amounts designated as capital stock are designated as capital surplus. However, these provisions are not applied in company reorganization, such as merger, company split and share exchange. Class 3 through 5 Preferred Stock were issued in exchange for UFJ Bank’s preferred stocks and recorded in Capital surplus. Class 6 Preferred Stock was issued to Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation (“MUTB”) in connection with the business transfer from MUTB by means of an absorption-type company split and recorded in Capital surplus.

 

Preferred Stock Issued as of March 31, 2008

 

Class 2 Preferred Stock

 

On February 21, 2005, BTMU issued 100,000,000 shares of Class 2 Preferred Stock at ¥2,500 per share, the aggregate amount of the issue price being ¥250 billion. Class 2 Preferred Stock does not have voting rights at any general meetings of shareholders, unless otherwise provided by applicable laws and regulations. Preferred dividends are set to be ¥60.0 per share annually.

 

Class 3 Preferred Stock

 

On January 4, 2006, BTMU issued 200,000,000 shares of Class 3 Preferred Stock in exchange for Class A Series 1 preferred stock of UFJ Bank at an exchange ratio of 1 share of BTMU’s Class 3 Preferred Stock for each share of UFJ Bank’s Class A Series 1 preferred stock.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Class 3 preferred stockholders are entitled to receive annual non-cumulative dividends of ¥15.90 per share with priority over common stockholders.

 

Class 3 Preferred Stock is convertible into fully paid shares of BTMU common stock at the election of holders from and including the issue date of Class 3 Preferred Stock to and including July 31, 2008, except during certain excluded periods, at an initial conversion price of ¥1,693.50 per share of common stock, subject to anti-dilution adjustments. The conversion price is subject to reset annually on August 1 from 2006 to 2007 to a thousandth of the average market price of MUFG’s common stock for the 30 trading day period beginning 45 trading days prior to each reset date, multiplied by 1.025, but not less than ¥1,693.50 per share. On June 26, 2008, at a shareholder’s meeting, the articles of incorporation have been amended and a thousandth of the average market price was changed to the average market price.

 

On March 31, 2006, 173,000,000 shares of Class 3 Preferred Stock were converted into 306,465,899 shares of common stock.

 

On September 29, 2006, 9,300,000 shares of Class 3 Preferred Stock were exchanged for 16,474,756 shares of common stock.

 

As of March 31, 2008, 9,300,000 shares of Class 3 Preferred Stock were treasury stock.

 

Subsequent to March 31,2008, on August 1, 2008, 17,700,000 shares of Class 3 Preferred Stock were converted into 43,895,180 shares of common stock.

 

Class 4 Preferred Stock

 

On January 4, 2006, BTMU issued 150,000,000 shares of Class 4 Preferred Stock in exchange for Class D Series 1 preferred stock of UFJ Bank at an exchange ratio of 1 share of BTMU’s Class 4 Preferred Stock for each share of UFJ Bank’s Class D Series 1 preferred stock.

 

Class 4 preferred stockholders are entitled to receive annual non-cumulative dividends of ¥18.60 per share with priority over common stockholders.

 

Class 4 Preferred Stock is convertible into fully paid shares of BTMU common stock at the election of holders from and including the issue date of Class 4 Preferred Stock to and including March 30, 2009, except during certain excluded periods, at an initial conversion ratio of 1.826 shares of common stock per preferred stock, subject to anti-dilution adjustments. The conversion ratio is subject to reset annually on October 5 from 2006 to 2008 to ¥2,000 divided by a thousandth of the average market price of MUFG’s common stock for the 30 trading day period beginning 45 trading days prior to each reset date multiplied by 1.035, but not more than 2.197. As of October 5, 2007, the conversion ratio was 1.724. On June 26, 2008, at a shareholder’s meeting, the articles of incorporation have been amended and all the articles about the election of holders have been deleted.

 

On March 31, 2006, 70,300,000 shares of Class 4 Preferred Stock were converted into 128,367,800 shares of common stock.

 

On September 29, 2006, 79,700,000 shares of Class 4 Preferred Stock were exchanged for 145,532,200 shares of common stock.

 

As of March 31, 2008, all shares of Class 4 Preferred Stock issued were treasury stock.

 

Class 5 Preferred Stock

 

On January 4, 2006, BTMU issued 150,000,000 shares of Class 5 Preferred Stock in exchange for Class D Series 2 Preferred Stock of UFJ Bank at an exchange ratio of 1 share of BTMU’s Class 5 Preferred Stock for each share of UFJ Bank’s Class D Series 2 preferred stock.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Class 5 preferred stockholders are entitled to receive annual non-cumulative dividends of ¥19.40 per share with priority over common stockholders.

 

Class 5 Preferred Stock is convertible into fully paid shares of BTMU common stock at the election of holders from and including the issue date of Class 5 Preferred Stock to and including March 30, 2009, except during certain excluded periods, at an initial conversion ratio of 1.826 shares of common stock per share of preferred stock, subject to anti-dilution adjustments. The conversion ratio is subject to reset annually on October 5 from 2006 to 2008 to ¥2,000 divided by a thousandth of the average market price of MUFG’s common stock for the 30 trading day period beginning 45 trading days prior to each reset date multiplied by 1.035, but not more than 2.197. As of October 5, 2007, the conversion ratio was 1.724. On June 26, 2008, at a shareholder’s meeting, the articles of incorporation have been amended and all the articles about the election of holders have been deleted.

 

On September 29, 2006, 150,000,000 shares of Class 5 Preferred Stock were exchanged for 273,900,000 shares of common stock.

 

As of March 31, 2008, all shares of Class 5 Preferred Stock issued were treasury stock.

 

Class 6 Preferred Stock

 

On November 12, 2007, BTMU issued 1,000,000 shares of Class 6 Preferred Stock at ¥5,700 per share, the aggregate amount of the issue price being ¥5.7 billion. Class 6 Preferred Stock does not have voting rights at any general meetings of shareholders, unless otherwise provided by applicable laws and regulations. Preferred dividends are set to be ¥210.90 per share annually, except as of March 31, 2008. Preferred dividends were ¥80.68 per share as of March 31, 2008.

 

19.    COMMON STOCK AND CAPITAL SURPLUS

 

The changes in the number of issued shares of common stock during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 were as follows:

 

     2006    2007    2008
     (in thousands of shares)

Balance at beginning of fiscal year

   5,019,470    9,822,055    10,257,962

Issuance of new shares of common stock by merger

   4,286,351      

Change from Class 1 Preferred Stock

   81,400      

Issuance of new shares of common stock by conversion of Class 3 Preferred Stock

   306,466      

Issuance of new shares of common stock by conversion of Class 4 Preferred Stock

   128,368      

Issuance of new shares of common stock in exchange for acquisitions of Class 3, 4 and 5 Preferred Stock

      435,907   
              

Balance at end of fiscal year

   9,822,055    10,257,962    10,257,962
              

 

On May 1, 2006, a new company law (the “Company Law”) became effective. The Company Law reformed and replaced the Code with various revisions that, for the most part, are applicable to events or transactions occurring on or after May 1, 2006 and for the fiscal years ending on or after May 1, 2006.

 

Under the Code and the Company Law, issuances of common stock, including conversions of bonds and notes, are required to be credited to the common stock account for at least 50% of the proceeds and to the legal capital surplus account (“legal capital surplus”) for the remaining amounts.

 

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The Code and the Company Law permit Japanese companies, upon approval by the Board of Directors, to issue shares in the form of a “stock split,” as defined in the Code (see Note 1). Also, the Code prior to April 1, 1991 permitted Japanese companies to issue free share distributions. BTMU from time to time made free share distributions. These free distributions usually ranged from 5% to 10% of outstanding common stock and publicly-owned corporations in the United States issuing shares in similar transactions would be required to account for them as stock dividends as of the shareholders’ record date by reducing retained earnings and increasing the appropriate capital accounts by an amount equal to the fair value of the shares issued. The application of such United States accounting practice to the cumulative free distributions made by BTMU at March 31, 2008, would have increased capital accounts by ¥1,748,080 million with a corresponding decrease in unappropriated retained earnings.

 

The Code permits, upon approval of the Board of Directors, the transfer of amounts from the legal capital surplus to the capital stock account. The Company Law permits that common stock, legal reserve, additional paid-in capital, and other capital surplus and retained earnings can be transferred among these accounts under certain conditions upon the approval of a shareholder’s meeting.

 

Treasury Stock

 

The Code and the Company Law permit Japanese companies to effect purchases of their own shares pursuant to a resolution by the shareholders at an annual general meeting until the conclusion of the following ordinary general meeting of shareholders, and to hold such shares as its treasury shares indefinitely regardless of purpose. However, the Code and the Company Law require the amount of treasury stock purchased be within the amount of retained earnings available for dividends. Disposition of treasury stock is subject to the approval of the Board of Directors and is to follow the procedures similar to a public offering of shares for subscription.

 

Parent Company Shares Held by the Group and Affiliated Companies

 

At March 31, 2008, the BTMU Group and affiliated companies owned shares of common stock of MUFG. Such shares are included in parent company’s stock in the consolidated balance sheets and deducted from shareholder’s equity.

 

20.    RETAINED EARNINGS, LEGAL RESERVE AND DIVIDENDS

 

In addition to the Code and the Company Law, Japanese banks, including BTMU, are required to comply with the Banking Law of Japan (the “Banking Law”).

 

Legal Reserve Set Aside as Appropriation of Retained Earnings and Legal Capital Surplus

 

Under the Code and the Company Law

 

The Code and the Company Law provide that an amount at least equal to 10% of the aggregate amount of cash dividends and certain appropriations of retained earnings associated with cash outlays applicable to each period shall be appropriated and set aside as a legal reserve until the aggregate amount of legal reserve set aside as an appropriation of retained earnings and the legal capital surplus equals 25% of stated capital as defined in the Code.

 

Under the Banking Law

 

The Banking Law provides that an amount at least equal to 20% of the aggregate amount of cash dividends and certain appropriations of retained earnings associated with cash outlays applicable to each fiscal period shall

 

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be appropriated and set aside as a legal reserve until the aggregate amount of legal reserve set aside as appropriation of retained earnings and the legal capital surplus equals 100% of stated capital as defined in the Code.

 

Transfer of Legal Reserve

 

Under the Code

 

Under the Code, Japanese companies, including BTMU, were permitted, pursuant to a resolution by the shareholders at a general meeting, to make legal reserve set aside as appropriation of retained earnings and legal capital surplus available for dividends until the aggregate amount of the legal reserve and legal capital surplus equals 25% of stated capital as defined in the Code.

 

Under the Banking Law

 

Under the Banking Law, Japanese banks, including BTMU, were permitted, pursuant to a resolution by the shareholders at a general meeting, to make legal reserve set aside as an appropriation of retained earnings and legal capital surplus available for dividends until the aggregate amount of the legal reserve and legal capital surplus equals 100% of stated capital as defined in the Code.

 

Enactments of the Company Law and the Amendments of Banking Law Effective May 1, 2006

 

Effective May 1, 2006, under the Company Law, Japanese companies, including BTMU, are permitted, primarily pursuant to a resolution by the shareholders at a general meeting, to transfer legal capital surplus and legal reserve to stated capital and/or retained earnings without limitations of thresholds, thereby effectively removing the thresholds provided for in the Code and Banking Law at the company’s discretion.

 

Unappropriated Retained Earnings and Dividends

 

Under the Code and the Company Law, the amount available for dividends is based on the amount recorded in BTMU’s general books of account maintained in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Japan (“Japanese GAAP”). The adjustments included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements but not recorded in BTMU’s general books of account as explained in Note 1 have no effect on the determination of retained earnings available for dividends under the Code and the Company Law. In addition to the provision that requires an appropriation for legal reserve as described above, the Code, the Company Law and the Banking Law impose certain limitations on the amount available for dividends. Under the Banking Law, BTMU has to meet the minimum capital adequacy requirements and distributions of retained earnings of BTMU, which are otherwise distributable to shareholders, are restricted in order to maintain the minimum 4.0% Tier I capital for capital adequacy purpose.

 

None of the retained earnings recorded in BTMU’s general books of account, prepared in accordance with Japanese GAAP, as of March 31, 2008 (¥1,538,037 million, exclusive of the amounts to be appropriated for legal reserves and gross unrealized gains on fair valuation of assets, as defined, if any), is restricted by such limitations under the Code and the Company Law, or by the Banking Law as described above.

 

Annual dividends, including those for preferred stock, are approved by the shareholders at an annual general meeting held subsequent to the fiscal year to which the dividends are applicable. In addition, a semi-annual interim dividend payment may be made by resolution of the Board of Directors, subject to limitations imposed by the Code, the Company Law and the Banking Law.

 

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In the accompanying consolidated statements of shareholder’s equity, dividends and appropriations to legal reserve shown for each fiscal year represent dividends approved and paid during the fiscal year and the related appropriation to legal reserve.

 

21.    REGULATORY CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS

 

Japan

 

BTMU is subject to various regulatory capital requirements promulgated by the regulatory authorities of the countries in which it operates. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements will initiate certain mandatory actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on BTMU’s consolidated financial statements.

 

In Japan, BTMU is subject to regulatory capital requirements promulgated by the FSA in accordance with the provisions of the Banking Law and related regulations. A banking institution is subject to the minimum capital requirements both on a consolidated basis and a stand-alone basis, and is required to maintain the minimum capital irrespective of whether it operates independently or as a subsidiary under the control of another company. When a bank holding company manages operations of its banking subsidiaries, it is required to maintain the minimum capital adequacy ratio on a consolidated basis in the same manner as its subsidiary banks. The FSA provides two sets of capital adequacy guidelines. One is a set of guidelines applicable to Japanese banks and bank holding companies with foreign offices conducting international operations, as defined, and the other is applicable to Japanese banks and bank holding companies that are not engaged in international operations.

 

Under the capital adequacy guidelines applicable to a Japanese banking institution with international operations conducted by foreign offices, a minimum capital ratio of 8.0% is required.

 

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) sets capital adequacy standards for all internationally active banks to ensure minimum level of capitals.

 

The Basel Committee worked over recent years to revise the 1988 Accord, and in June 2004, “International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: A Revised Framework” called Basel II was released. Basel II has been applied to Japanese banks and bank holding companies as of March 31, 2008. BTMU calculated capital ratios as of March 31, 2007 and 2008 in accordance with Basel II.

 

Basel II is based on “three pillars”: (1) minimum capital requirements, (2) the self-regulation of financial institutions based on supervisory review process, and (3) market discipline through the disclosure of information. The framework of the 1988 Accord, Basel I, is improved and expanded to be included in “minimum capital requirements” as the first pillar of Basel II.

 

As for the denominator of the capital ratio, retaining the Basel I Framework, Basel II provides more risk-sensitive approaches and a range of options for determining the risk-weighted assets.

 

“Credit Risk”

 

The revised Framework provides options for determining the risk-weighted assets for credit risk to allow banks to select approaches that are most appropriate for their level of risk assessment while the Basel I Framework provided a sole measurement approach. Banks choose one of three approaches: “Standardized Approach”, “Foundation Internal Ratings-Based Approach (FIRB)” or “Advanced Internal Ratings-Based Approach (AIRB)”.

 

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“Market Risk”

 

In the “Amendment to the Capital Accord to incorporate market risks” of the year 1996, a choice between two methodologies “the Standardized Methodology” and “Internal Models Approach” is permitted. “Combination of Internal Models Approach and the Standardized Methodology” is also allowed under certain conditions. This is unchanged in Basel II.

 

“Operational Risk”

 

Operational risk, which is defined as the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events, is newly added in Basel II. Basel II presents three methods for calculating operational risk capital charges: (i) the Basic Indicator Approach; (ii) the Standardized Approach; or (iii) Advanced Measurement Approaches (AMA). Banks adopt one of the three approaches to determine the risk-weighted assets for operational risk.

 

Banks need to obtain approval from their supervisors prior to adopting the following approaches to calculate capital requirements for each risk:

 

  Ÿ  

the Internal Ratings-Based (IRB) Approach for credit risk

 

  Ÿ  

the Internal Models Approach for market risk

 

  Ÿ  

the Standardized Approach and AMA for operational risk

 

On the other hand, as for the numerator of the capital ratio, Basel II takes over in principle the eligible regulatory capital stipulated in Basel I.

 

Capital is classified into three tiers, referred to as Tier I, Tier II and Tier III capital and deductions from capital.

 

Tier I capital generally consists of shareholders’ equity items, including common stock, preferred stock, capital surplus, minority interests and retained earnings, less any recorded goodwill and other items such as treasury stock. Tier II capital generally consists of general reserves for credit losses up to 1.25% of risk-weighted assets, 45% of the unrealized gains on investment securities available for sale, 45% of the land revaluation excess, the balance of perpetual subordinated debt and the balance of subordinated term debt with an original maturity of over five years subject to some limitations, up to 50% of Tier I capital. Preferred stock is includable in Tier I capital unless the preferred stock has a fixed maturity, in which case, such preferred stock will be a component of Tier II capital. Tier III capital generally consists of short-term subordinated debt with an original maturity of at least two years, subject to certain limitations. At least 50% of a bank’s capital base must be maintained in the form of Tier I capital.

 

Deductions include a banks’ holdings of capital issued by other banks, or deposit-taking institutions and investments in subsidiaries engaged in banking and financial activities which are not consolidated in accordance with Japanese GAAP.

 

Due to a change in credit risk measurement by adopting Basel II, general provisions for credit losses can be included in Tier II capital according to the proportion of credit risk-weighted assets subject to the Standardized Approach only. Under the IRB approach, the capital is adjusted by the amount of the difference between total eligible provisions and total expected losses calculated within the IRB approach. Under certain conditions, banks are also required to deduct from regulatory capital securitization exposure, any increase in equity capital resulting from a securitization transaction and expected losses on equity exposures under the Probability of Default/Loss Given Default approach.

 

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If a banking institution is not engaged in international operations conducted by foreign offices, it is subject to another set of capital adequacy requirements with a minimum capital ratio of 4.0%. Such guidelines incorporate measures of risk under the risk-weighted approach similar to the guidelines applicable to banking institutions with international operations. Qualifying capital is classified into Tier I and Tier II capital.

 

The Banking Law and related regulations require that one of three categories be assigned to banks and bank holding companies, based on its risk-adjusted capital adequacy ratio if the bank fails to meet the minimum target capital adequacy ratio. These categories indicate capital deterioration, which may be subject to certain prompt corrective action by the FSA.

 

BTMU has international operations conducted by foreign offices, as defined, and is subject to the 8.0% capital adequacy requirement.

 

In Basel II, BTMU and its most major subsidiaries adopted the FIRB to calculate capital requirements for credit risk. BTMU adopted the Standardized Approach to calculate capital requirements for operational risk. As for market risk, BTMU adopted the Internal Models Approach mainly to calculate general market risk and adopted the Standardized Methodology to calculate specific risk.

 

The risk-adjusted capital amounts and ratios of BTMU presented in the following table are based on amounts calculated in accordance with Japanese GAAP as required by the FSA:

 

     Actual     For capital
adequacy purposes
 
     Amount      Ratio         Amount        Ratio    
     (in millions, except percentages)  

Consolidated:

          

At March 31, 2007(1):

          

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets):

   ¥ 11,601,958    12.77 %   ¥ 7,264,324    8.00 %

Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets):

     6,975,584    7.68       3,632,162    4.00  

At March 31, 2008:

          

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets):

   ¥ 10,611,064    11.20 %   ¥ 7,574,951    8.00 %

Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets):

     7,037,578    7.43       3,787,475    4.00  

Stand-alone:

          

At March 31, 2007(1):

          

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets):

   ¥ 10,678,035    13.15 %   ¥ 6,494,333    8.00 %

Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets):

     6,428,452    7.91       3,247,166    4.00  

At March 31, 2008:

          

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets):

   ¥ 9,675,813    11.44 %   ¥ 6,760,684    8.00 %

Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets):

     6,467,550    7.65       3,380,342    4.00  

 

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Note:

(1)   The risk-adjusted capital amounts and ratios of BTMU at March 31, 2007 have been restated as follows:

 

     Actual     For capital
adequacy purposes
 
     Amount      Ratio         Amount        Ratio    
     (in millions, except percentages)  

As previously reported

                      

Consolidated:

          

At March 31, 2007:

          

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets):

   ¥ 11,606,586    12.83 %   ¥ 7,236,545    8.00 %

Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets):

     6,975,584    7.71       3,618,272    4.00  

Stand-alone:

          

At March 31, 2007:

          

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets):

   ¥ 10,682,663    13.22 %   ¥ 6,466,553    8.00 %

Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets):

     6,428,565    7.95       3,233,277    4.00  

As restated

                      

Consolidated:

          

At March 31, 2007:

          

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets):

   ¥ 11,601,958    12.77 %   ¥ 7,264,324    8.00 %

Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets):

     6,975,584    7.68       3,632,162    4.00  

Stand-alone:

          

At March 31, 2007:

          

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets):

   ¥ 10,678,035    13.15 %   ¥ 6,494,333    8.00 %

Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets):

     6,428,452    7.91       3,247,166    4.00  

 

Management believes, as of March 31, 2008, that BTMU met all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject.

 

United States of America

 

In the United States of America, UNBC and its banking subsidiary Union Bank of California, N.A. (“UBOC”), BTMU’s largest subsidiaries operating outside Japan, are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by U.S. Federal banking agencies, including minimum capital requirements. Under the capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, UNBC and UBOC must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of UNBC’s and UBOC’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under U.S. regulatory accounting practices. UNBC’s and UBOC’s capital amounts and UBOC’s prompt corrective action classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

 

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require UNBC and UBOC to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total and Tier I capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined) and of Tier I capital (as defined) to quarterly average assets (as defined).

 

Although Basel II is not yet effective in the U.S., the U.S. banking and thrift agencies published in July 2007 an interagency notice regarding the implementation of Basel II in the U.S. The agencies agreed to resolve major outstanding issues and lead to finalization of a rule implementing the advanced approaches for computing large banks’ risk-based capital requirements. The agencies also agreed to proceed promptly to issue a proposed rule that would provide all non-core banks with the option to adopt a standardized approach.

 

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The figures on the tables below are calculated according to Basel I as Basel II is not yet effective in the U.S. UNBC’s and the UBOC’s actual capital amounts and ratios are presented as follows:

 

     Actual     For capital
adequacy purposes
 
       Amount        Ratio         Amount        Ratio    
     (in millions, except percentages)  

UNBC:

          

At December 31, 2006:

          

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)

   $ 5,843    11.71 %   $ 3,992    8.00 %

Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets)

     4,334    8.68       1,996    4.00  

Tier I capital (to quarterly average assets)(1)

     4,334    8.44       2,054    4.00  

At December 31, 2007:

          

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)

   $ 6,124    11.21 %   $ 4,369    8.00 %

Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets)

     4,534    8.30       2,184    4.00  

Tier I capital (to quarterly average assets)(1)

     4,534    8.27       2,194    4.00  

 

Note:

(1)   Excludes certain intangible assets.

 

     Actual     For capital
adequacy purposes
    Ratios OCC
requires to be
“well capitalized”
 
       Amount        Ratio         Amount        Ratio         Amount        Ratio    
     (in millions, except percentages)  

UBOC:

               

At December 31, 2006:

               

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)

   $ 5,280    10.69 %   $ 3,951    8.00 %   $ 4,939    10.00 %

Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets)

     4,179    8.46       1,975    4.00       2,963    6.00  

Tier I capital (to quarterly average assets)(1)

     4,179    8.25       2,027    4.00       2,534    5.00  

At December 31, 2007:

               

Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)

   $ 5,631    10.38 %   $ 4,339    8.00 %   $ 5,423    10.00 %

Tier I capital (to risk-weighted assets)

     4,449    8.20       2,169    4.00       3,254    6.00  

Tier I capital (to quarterly average assets)(1)

     4,449    8.20       2,171    4.00       2,714    5.00  

 

Note:

(1)   Excludes certain intangible assets.

 

Management believes, as of December 31, 2007, that UNBC and UBOC met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

 

As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, the most recent notification from the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) categorized UBOC as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as “well capitalized,” UBOC must maintain a minimum total risk-based capital ratio of 10%, a Tier I risk-based capital ratio of 6%, and a Tier I leverage ratio of 5% as set forth in the table. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed UBOC’s category.

 

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22.    EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE

 

Reconciliations of net income (loss) and weighted average number of common shares outstanding used for the computation of basic earnings (loss) per common share to the adjusted amounts for the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per common share for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 are as follows:

 

     2006     2007     2008  
     (in millions)  

Income (Numerator):

      

Income (loss) from continuing operations before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

   ¥ 228,231     ¥ 461,705     ¥ (456,321 )

Income (loss) from discontinued operations—net

     8,973       (817 )     (1,746 )

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, net of tax

     (8,425 )            
                        

Net income (loss)

     228,779       460,888       (458,067 )

Income allocable to a preferred shareholder

     (6,999 )     (10,963 )     (6,281 )
                        

Net income (loss) available to a common shareholder

     221,780       449,925       (464,348 )
                        

Effect of dilutive instruments:

      

Preferred Stock (Class 3)

           570        

Preferred Stock (Class 4)

           1,483        

Preferred Stock (Class 5)

           2,910        

Stock options—UNBC

     (1,081 )     (835 )      

Convertible preferred stock—Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS

     (869 )            

Convertible preferred stock—The Senshu Bank, Ltd.

           (2 )      
                        

Net income (loss) available to a common shareholder and assumed conversions

   ¥ 219,830     ¥ 454,051     ¥ (464,348 )
                        
     2006     2007     2008  
     (thousands of shares)  

Shares (Denominator):

      

Weighted average common shares outstanding

     7,219,739       10,041,800       10,257,962  

Effect of dilutive instruments:

      

Convertible preferred stock (Class 3)

     352,612       39,525        

Convertible preferred stock (Class 4)

     273,195       72,168        

Convertible preferred stock (Class 5)

     273,900       135,824        
                        

Weighted average common shares for diluted computation

     8,119,446       10,289,317       10,257,962  
                        

 

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     2006     2007     2008  
     (in yen)  

Earnings (loss) per common share:

      

Basic earnings (loss) per common share:

      

Income (loss) from continuing operations available to a common shareholder before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

   ¥ 30.64     ¥ 44.89     ¥ (45.10 )

Income (loss) from discontinued operations

     1.24       (0.08 )     (0.17 )
                        

Income (loss) available to a common shareholder before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

     31.88       44.81       (45.27 )

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

     (1.16 )            
                        

Net income (loss) available to a common shareholder

   ¥ 30.72     ¥ 44.81     ¥ (45.27 )
                        

Diluted earnings (loss) per common share:

      

Income (loss) from continuing operations available to a common shareholder before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

   ¥ 27.01     ¥ 44.21     ¥ (45.10 )

Income (loss) from discontinued operations

     1.11       (0.08 )     (0.17 )
                        

Income (loss) available to a common shareholder before cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

     28.12       44.13       (45.27 )

Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

     (1.05 )            
                        

Net income (loss) available to a common shareholder

   ¥ 27.07     ¥ 44.13     ¥ (45.27 )
                        

 

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006, Class 3, Class 4, and Class 5 Preferred Stock, convertible preferred stock issued by Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS and stock options issued by UNBC that could potentially dilute earnings per common share in the future were included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share. Convertible preferred stock issued by The Senshu Bank, Ltd. (“Senshu Bank”) and certain stock options issued by UNBC could potentially dilute earnings per common share but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share due to their antidilutive effects.

 

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007, Class 3, Class 4, and Class 5 Preferred Stock, convertible preferred stock issued by Senshu Bank and stock options issued by UNBC that could potentially dilute earnings per common share in the future were included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share. Convertible preferred stock issued by Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS and certain stock options issued by UNBC could potentially dilute earnings per common share but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share due to their antidilutive effects.

 

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, Class 3 Preferred Stock, convertible preferred stock issued by Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS and Senshu Bank and stock options issued by UNBC and kabu.com Securities could potentially dilute earnings per common share but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share due to their antidilutive effects.

 

In computing the number of the potentially dilutive common shares for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006 and 2007, Class 3, Class 4, and Class 5 Preferred Stock has been based on the conversion price at March 31, 2007 (i.e., ¥1,693.5, ¥1,095.3 and ¥1,095.3, respectively).

 

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23.    DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

 

The BTMU Group uses various derivative financial instruments both for trading purposes and for purposes other than trading (primarily risk management purposes) in the normal course of business to meet the financial needs of its customers, as a source of revenue and to manage its exposures to a variety of risks. The BTMU Group is a party to derivatives, including swaps, forwards, options and other types of derivatives, dealing primarily with market risk associated with interest rate, foreign currency, equity and commodity prices, and credit risk associated with counterparty’s nonperformance of transactions.

 

Market risk is the possibility that future changes in market indices make the financial instruments less valuable. Credit risk is the possibility that a loss may result from a counterparty’s failure to perform according to the terms and conditions of the contract, which may exceed the value of underlying collateral. To reduce credit risk, the BTMU Group may require collateral or guaranties based on a case-by-case assessment of creditworthiness of each customer and evaluation of the instrument. The BTMU Group also uses master netting agreements in order to mitigate overall counterparty credit risk.

 

Trading Activities

 

The BTMU Group’s trading activities include dealing and other activities measured at fair value with gains and losses recognized currently in earnings. As part of its trading activities, the BTMU Group offers a variety of derivative financial instruments and debt instruments for managing interest rate and foreign exchange risk to its domestic and foreign corporate and financial institution customers. The BTMU Group also enters into other types of derivative transactions, including equity and credit-related contracts, for its own account.

 

Risk Management Activities

 

As part of its risk management activities, the BTMU Group uses certain derivative financial instruments to manage its interest rate and currency exposures. The BTMU Group maintains an overall interest rate risk management strategy that incorporates the use of interest rate contracts to minimize significant unplanned fluctuations in earnings that are caused by interest rate volatility. The BTMU Group’s goal is to manage interest rate sensitivity so that movements in interest rates do not adversely affect net interest income. As a result of interest rate fluctuations, hedged fixed-rate assets and liabilities appreciate or depreciate in market value. Gains or losses on the derivative instruments that are linked to the hedged fixed-rate assets and liabilities are expected to substantially offset this unrealized appreciation or depreciation. Interest income and interest expense on hedged variable-rate assets and liabilities, respectively, increase or decrease as a result of interest rate fluctuations. Gains and losses on the derivative instruments that are linked to these hedged assets and liabilities are expected to substantially offset this variability in earnings.

 

The BTMU Group enters into interest rate swaps and other contracts as part of its interest rate risk management strategy primarily to alter the interest rate sensitivity of its loans, investment securities and deposit liabilities. The BTMU Group’s principal objectives in risk management include asset and liability management. Asset and liability management is viewed as one of the methods for the BTMU Group to manage its interest rate exposures on interest-bearing assets and liabilities. Interest rate contracts, which are generally non-leveraged generic interest rate and basis swaps, options and futures, allow the BTMU Group to effectively manage its interest rate risk position. Option contracts primarily consist of caps, floors, swaptions and options on index futures. Futures contracts used for asset and liability management activities are primarily index futures providing for cash payments based upon the movement of an underlying rate index. The BTMU Group enters into forward exchange contracts, currency swaps and other contracts in response to currency exposures resulting from on-balance-sheet assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies in order to limit the net foreign exchange position by currency to an appropriate level.

 

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The risk management activities reduce the BTMU Group’s risk exposures economically, however, derivatives used for risk management activities often fail to meet certain conditions to qualify for hedge accounting and the BTMU Group accounts for such derivatives as trading positions.

 

For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008, except for derivative transactions conducted by certain foreign subsidiaries, the BTMU Group accounted for derivatives held for risk management purposes as trading positions and measured them at fair value.

 

Embedded Derivatives

 

Features embedded in other non-derivative hybrid contracts are separated from the host contracts and measured at fair value when they are not clearly and closely related to the host contracts and meet the definition of a derivative. The change in the fair value of such an embedded derivative is recognized currently in earnings, unless it qualifies as a hedge. The fair value of the embedded derivative is presented in the consolidated balance sheets with the host contract. The BTMU Group accounts for credit-linked notes as host contracts with embedded derivatives and measures the entire contracts at fair value.

 

UNBC

 

Derivative positions are integral components of UNBC’s designated asset and liability management activities. UNBC uses interest rate derivatives to manage the sensitivity of UNBC’s net interest income to changes in interest rates. These instruments are used to manage interest rate risk relating to specified groups of assets and liabilities, primarily LIBOR-based commercial loans, certificates of deposit and subordinated debt.

 

Cash Flow Hedges

 

Hedging Strategies for Variable Rate Loans and Certificates of Deposit and Other Time Deposits

 

UNBC engages in several types of cash flow hedging strategies for which the hedged transactions are forecasted future loan interest payments, and the hedged risk is the variability in those payments due to changes in the designated benchmark rate, e.g., U.S. dollar LIBOR. In these strategies, the hedging instruments are matched with groups of variable rate loans such that the tenor of the variable rate loans and that of the hedging instrument are identical. Cash flow hedging strategies include the utilization of purchased floor, cap, collar and corridor options and interest rate swaps. At December 31, 2007, the weighted average remaining life of the currently active (excluding any forward positions) cash flow hedges was approximately 1.7 years.

 

UNBC uses purchased interest rate floors to hedge the variable cash flows associated with 1-month LIBOR or 3-month LIBOR indexed loans. Payments received under the floor contract offset the decline in loan interest income caused by the relevant LIBOR index falling below the floor’s strike rate.

 

UNBC uses interest rate floor corridors to hedge the variable cash flows associated with 1-month LIBOR or 3-month LIBOR indexed loans. Net payments to be received under the floor corridor contracts offset the decline in loan interest income caused by the relevant LIBOR index falling below the corridor’s upper strike rate, but only to the extent the index falls to the lower strike rate. The corridor will not provide protection from declines in the relevant LIBOR index to the extent it falls below the corridor’s lower strike rate.

 

UNBC uses interest rate collars to hedge the variable cash flows associated with 1-month LIBOR or 3-month LIBOR indexed loans. Net payments to be received under the collar contract offset the decline in loan interest income caused by the relevant LIBOR index falling below the collar’s floor strike rate while net payments to be paid will reduce the increase in loan interest income caused by the LIBOR index rising above the collar’s cap strike rate.

 

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UNBC uses interest rate swaps to hedge the variable cash flows associated with 1-month LIBOR or 3-month LIBOR indexed loans. Payments to be received (or paid) under the swap contract will offset the fluctuations in loan interest income caused by changes in the relevant LIBOR index. As such, these instruments hedge all fluctuations in the loans’ interest income caused by changes in the relevant LIBOR index.

 

UNBC uses purchased interest rate caps to hedge the variable interest cash flows associated with the forecasted issuance and rollover of short-term, fixed rate CDs. In these hedging relationships, UNBC hedges the LIBOR component of the CD rates, which is 3-month LIBOR, based on the CDs’ original term to maturity, which reflects their repricing frequency. Net payments to be received under the cap contract offset the increase in interest expense caused by the relevant LIBOR index rising above the cap’s strike rate.

 

UNBC uses interest rate cap corridors to hedge the variable cash flows associated with the forecasted issuance and rollover of short-term, fixed rate, CDs. In these hedging relationships, UNBC hedges the LIBOR component of the CD rates, either 1-month LIBOR, 3-month LIBOR, or 6-month LIBOR, based on the original term to maturity of the CDs, which reflects their repricing frequency. Net payments to be received under the cap corridor contract offset the increase in deposit interest expense caused by the relevant LIBOR index rising above the corridor’s lower strike rate, but only to the extent the index rises to the upper strike rate. The corridor will not provide protection from increases in the relevant LIBOR index to the extent it rises above the corridor’s upper strike rate.

 

Hedging transactions are structured at inception so that the notional amounts of the hedge are matched with an equal principal amount of loans or CDs, the index and repricing frequencies of the hedge match those of the loans or CDs, and the period in which the designated hedged cash flows occurs is equal to the term of the hedge. As such, most of the ineffectiveness in the hedging relationship results from the mismatch between the timing of reset dates on the hedge versus those of the loans or CDs. For the year ended December 31, 2007, UNBC recognized a net loss of ¥2 million due to ineffectiveness, which is recognized in other noninterest expense, compared to a net loss of ¥11 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 and a net gain of ¥12 million for the year ended December 31, 2006.

 

For cash flow hedges, based upon amounts included in accumulated other changes in equity from nonowner sources at March 31, 2008, the BTMU Group expects to realize approximately ¥1 billion in net interest income for the fiscal year ending March 31 2009. This amount could differ from amounts actually realized due to changes in interest rates and the addition of other hedges subsequent to March 31, 2008.

 

Fair Value Hedges

 

Economic Hedging Strategy for “MarketPath” Certificates of Deposit

 

UNBC engages in an economic hedging strategy in which interest bearing CDs issued to customers, which are tied to the changes in the Standard and Poor’s 500 index, are exchanged for a fixed rate of interest. UNBC accounts for the embedded derivative in the CDs at fair value. A total return swap that encompasses the value of a series of options that had individually hedged each CD is valued at fair value. The change in fair value of the embedded derivative and hedging instrument are recognized as interest expense.

 

Hedging Strategy for Subordinated Debt

 

UNBC engages in an interest rate hedging strategy in which an interest rate swap is associated with a specified interest bearing liability, UNBC’s ten-year, subordinated debt issuance, in order to convert the liability from a fixed rate to a floating rate instrument. This strategy mitigates the changes in fair value of the hedged liability caused by changes in the designated benchmark interest rate, U.S. dollar LIBOR.

 

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The fair value hedging transaction for the subordinated debt was structured at inception to mirror all of the provisions of the subordinated debt, which allows UNBC to assume that no ineffectiveness exists.

 

Other

 

UNBC uses To-Be-Announced (“TBA”) contracts to fix the price and yield of anticipated purchases or sales of mortgage-backed securities that will be delivered at an agreed upon date. This strategy hedges the risk of variability in the cash flows to be paid or received upon settlement of the TBA contract.

 

24.    OBLIGATIONS UNDER GUARANTEES AND OTHER OFF-BALANCE-SHEET INSTRUMENTS

 

Obligations under Guarantees

 

The BTMU Group provides customers with a variety of guarantees and similar arrangements, including standby letters of credit, financial and performance guarantees, credit protections, liquidity facilities, other off-balance-sheet credit-related supports and similar instruments, in order to meet the customers’ financial and business needs. The table below summarizes the contractual or notional amounts with regard to obligations under guarantees and similar arrangements at March 31, 2007 and 2008. The contractual or notional amounts of these instruments represent the maximum potential amounts of future payments without consideration of possible recoveries under recourse provisions or from collateral held or pledged.

 

For certain types of derivatives, such as written interest rate options and written currency options, the maximum potential future payments are unlimited. Accordingly, it is impracticable to estimate the maximum potential amount of future payments. As such, the notional amounts of the related contracts, other than the maximum potential payments, are included in the table.

 

The BTMU Group mitigates credit risk exposure resulting from guarantees by utilizing various techniques, including collateralization in the form of cash, securities, and real properties based on management’s credit assessment of the guaranteed parties and the related credit profile. In order to manage the credit risk exposure, the BTMU Group also enters into sub-participation contracts with third parties who will fund a portion of the credit facility and bear its share of the loss to be incurred in the event that the borrower fails to fulfill its obligations. The following table includes unfunded commitments of ¥184.2 billion and ¥190.4 billion at March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively, which are participated out to third parties. The contractual or notional amounts summarized in the following table do not necessarily bear any direct relationship to the future actual credit exposure, primarily because of those risk management techniques.

 

At March 31, 2007:

   Maximum
potential/
Contractual
or Notional
amount
   Amount by expiration period
      Less than
1 year
   1-5 years    Over
5 years
     (in billions)

Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees

   ¥ 5,532    ¥ 2,293    ¥ 1,649    ¥ 1,590

Performance guarantees

     2,108      1,365      668      75

Derivative instruments(1)

     48,390      27,400      17,864      3,126

Other

     820      814      1      5
                           

Total(1)

   ¥ 56,850    ¥ 31,872    ¥ 20,182    ¥ 4,796
                           

 

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At March 31, 2008:

   Maximum
potential/
Contractual
or Notional
amount
   Amount by expiration period
      Less than
1 year
   1-5 years    Over
5 years
     (in billions)

Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees

   ¥ 5,215    ¥ 2,269    ¥ 1,524    ¥ 1,422

Performance guarantees

     2,290      1,450      703      137

Derivative instruments

     40,102      19,771      17,792      2,539

Other

     720      720          
                           

Total

   ¥ 48,327    ¥ 24,210    ¥ 20,019    ¥ 4,098
                           

 

Note:

(1)   The contractual or notional amounts of obligations under guarantees and similar arrangements at March 31, 2007 have been restated as follows:

 

     Maximum
potential/
Contractual or
Notional amount
   Amount by expiration period
      Less than 1 year    1-5 years    Over 5 years
     As
previously
reported
   As
restated
   As
previously
reported
   As
restated
   As
previously
reported
   As
restated
   As
previously
reported
   As
restated
     (in billions)

Derivative instruments

   ¥ 43,083    ¥ 48,390    ¥ 22,242    ¥ 27,400    ¥ 17,719    ¥ 17,864    ¥ 3,122    ¥ 3,126

Total

   ¥ 51,543    ¥ 56,850    ¥ 26,714    ¥ 31,872    ¥ 20,037    ¥ 20,182    ¥ 4,792    ¥ 4,796

 

Nature of Guarantee Contracts

 

Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees generally include an obligation of an issuer or a designated third party to guarantee the performance of the customer to the beneficiary under the terms of contracts such as lending contracts and other similar financial transactions. The BTMU Group is required to make payments to the guaranteed parties in the events that the customers fail to fulfill the obligations under the contracts. The guarantees whose contractual maturities are over 5 years are mainly comprised of guarantees of housing loans.

 

Performance guarantees are the contracts that contingently require the BTMU Group to make payments to the guaranteed party based on another party’s failure to perform under an obligating agreement, except financial obligation. For example, performance guarantees include guarantees of completion of construction projects.

 

Derivative instruments that are deemed to be included within the definition of guarantees as prescribed in FIN No. 45 include certain written options and credit default swaps. In order for the BTMU Group to determine if those derivative instruments meet the definition of guarantees as prescribed in FIN No. 45, the BTMU Group has to track whether the counterparties are actually exposed to the losses that will result from the adverse change in the underlyings. Accordingly, the BTMU Group has disclosed information on all credit default swaps and certain written options for which there is a possibility of meeting the definition of guarantees as prescribed in FIN No. 45, regardless of whether the counterparties have assets or liabilities related to the underlyings of the derivatives.

 

Other includes contingent consideration agreements and security lending indemnifications. Contingent consideration agreements provide guarantees on additional payments to acquired insurance agencies’ shareholders based on the agencies’ future performance in excess of established revenue and/or earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization thresholds. Security lending indemnifications are the indemnifications for institutional customers of securities lending transactions against counterparty default. All lending transactions are collateralized, primarily by cash.

 

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Carrying Amount

 

At March 31, 2007 and 2008, the carrying amounts of the liabilities related to guarantees and similar instruments set forth above were ¥804,957 million and ¥1,024,861million, respectively, which are included in Other liabilities and Trading account liabilities. In addition, Other liabilities also include an allowance for off-balance-sheet instruments of ¥46,301 million and ¥57,194 million, respectively, related to these transactions.

 

Other Off-balance-sheet Instruments

 

In addition to obligations under guarantees set forth above, the BTMU Group issues other off-balance-sheet instruments for purposes other than trading. Such off-balance-sheet instruments consist of lending-related commitments, including commitments to extend credit and commercial letters of credit that the BTMU Group provides to meet the financing needs of its customers. Once the BTMU Group issues these financial instruments, the BTMU Group is required to extend credit to or make certain payments to the customers or beneficiaries specified pursuant to the underlying contracts unless otherwise provided in the contracts. Since many of these commitments expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. At March 31, 2008, approximately 69% of these commitments will expire within one year, 28% from one year to five years and 3% after five years. The table below summarizes the contractual amounts with regard to these commitments at March 31, 2007 and 2008:

 

     2007(1)    2008
     (in billions)

Commitments to extend credit

   ¥ 56,038    ¥ 56,058

Commercial letters of credit

     762      762

Commitments to make investments

     100      105

Other

          4

 

 

Note:

(1)   The contractual amounts of these off-balance sheet instruments at March 31, 2007 have been restated as follows:

 

     As previously
reported
   As
restated
     (in billions)

Commitments to extend credit

   ¥ 56,223    ¥ 56,038

Commercial letters of credit

     842      762

Commitments to make investments

     11      100

 

Commitments to extend credit, which generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses, are legally binding agreements to lend to customers. Commitments are different from guarantees in that the commitments are generally revocable or have provisions that enable the BTMU Group to avoid payments in the event of violations of any conditions of the contracts and certain deterioration of the potential borrowers’ financial condition. Commitments to extend credit may expire without being drawn upon. Therefore, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

 

Commercial letters of credit, used for facilitating trade transactions, are generally secured by underlying goods. The BTMU Group continually monitors the type and amount of collateral and other security, and requires counterparties to provide additional collateral or guarantors as necessary.

 

Commitments to make investments are legally binding contracts to make additional contributions to corporate recovery or private equity investment funds in accordance with limited partnership agreements. Some of these funds, in which the BTMU Group has significant variable interests, are described in Note 25.

 

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25.    VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

 

In the normal course of its business, the BTMU Group has financial interests in various entities which may be deemed to be variable interest entities such as asset-backed commercial paper conduits, securitization conduits of client properties, various investment funds, special purpose entities created for structured financing, and repackaged instruments.

 

The following tables present, by type of VIE, the total assets of consolidated and non-consolidated VIEs and the maximum exposure to non-consolidated VIEs at March 31, 2007 and 2008:

 

Consolidated VIEs

   2007    2008
     (in millions)

Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

   ¥ 5,398,379    ¥ 5,806,200

Investment funds

     1,449,264      1,307,732

Special purpose entities created for structured financing

     24,987      55,415

Repackaged instruments

     34,837      11,414

Others

     226,423      175,736
             

Total

   ¥ 7,133,890    ¥ 7,356,497
             

 

     2007(1)    2008

Non-Consolidated VIEs

   Assets    Maximum
exposure
   Assets    Maximum
exposure
     (in millions)

Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

   ¥ 10,988,360    ¥ 1,991,835    ¥ 11,044,698    ¥ 1,781,234

Securitization conduits of client properties

     2,009,595      476,749      2,354,266      606,107

Investment funds

     33,599,839      1,136,675      43,124,542      950,216

Special purpose entities created for structured financing

     26,111,775      2,066,372      25,553,639      2,607,359

Repackaged instruments

     97,449,935      2,681,790      97,932,100      3,517,653

Others

     14,752,740      1,544,706      15,493,311      1,557,619
                           

Total

   ¥ 184,912,244    ¥ 9,898,127    ¥ 195,502,556    ¥ 11,020,188
                           

 

Note:

(1)   The total assets of non-consolidated VIEs and the maximum exposure to non-consolidated VIEs at March 31, 2007 have been restated as follows:

 

     As previously reported    As restated
     Assets    Maximum
exposure
   Assets    Maximum
exposure
    

(in millions)

Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

   ¥ 38,435,619    ¥ 2,399,429    ¥ 10,988,360    ¥ 1,991,835

Securitization conduits of client properties

     2,049,272      517,979      2,009,595      476,749

Investment funds

     57,870,656      1,401,405      33,599,839      1,136,675

Special purpose entities created for structured financing

     24,883,387      1,694,806      26,111,775      2,066,372

Repackaged instruments

     88,634,673      2,168,931      97,449,935      2,681,790

Others

     11,238,946      1,280,351      14,752,740      1,544,706
                           

Total

   ¥ 223,112,553    ¥ 9,462,901    ¥ 184,912,244    ¥ 9,898,127
                           

 

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The following table presents the carrying amount of consolidated assets that corresponds to VIEs’ obligations at March 31, 2007 and 2008:

 

     2007    2008
     (in millions)

Cash, due from banks and interest-earning deposits in other banks

   ¥ 156,010    ¥ 176,634

Trading account assets

     1,195,732      1,090,338

Investment securities

     42,794      74,406

Loans

     5,587,953      5,825,571

Others

     151,401      189,548
             

Total

   ¥ 7,133,890    ¥ 7,356,497
             

 

In addition, certain transfers of financial assets that did not qualify for sale accounting were made to variable interest entities. The transferred assets, primarily consisting of performing loans, continued to be carried as assets of the BTMU Group. Such assets amounted to ¥3,764,119 million(1) and ¥3,299,081 million at March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

 

A portion of the assets of consolidated VIEs presented in the table above were derived from transactions between consolidated VIEs and the BTMU Group, the primary beneficiary, and were eliminated as intercompany transactions. The eliminated amounts were ¥128,456 million of Cash, due from banks and interest-earning deposits in other banks, ¥3,527 million of Trading account assets, ¥239,792 million of Loans and ¥5,122 million of Other assets at March 31, 2007, and ¥142,325 million of Cash, due from banks and interest-earning deposits in other banks, ¥1,410 million of Trading account assets, ¥24,987 million of Investment securities, ¥235,110 million of Loans and ¥3,859 million of Other assets at March 31, 2008.

 

In general, the creditors or beneficial interest holders of consolidated VIEs have recourse only to the assets of those VIEs and do not have recourse to other assets of the BTMU Group, except where the BTMU Group provides credit support as in the case of certain asset-backed commercial paper conduits.

 

 

Note:  
(1)   The amounts of transferred assets at March 31, 2007 have been restated from ¥4,429,589 million to ¥3,764,119 million.

 

Asset-backed Commercial Paper Conduits

 

The BTMU Group administers several multi-seller finance entities (primarily commercial paper conduits) that purchase financial assets, primarily pools of receivables, from third-party customers. The assets purchased by these conduits are generally funded by issuing commercial paper to and/or by borrowings from the BTMU Group or third parties. While customers basically continue to provide servicing for the transferred trade receivables, the BTMU Group underwrites, distributes, makes a market in commercial paper issued by the conduits, and also provides liquidity and credit support facilities to the entities.

 

Securitization Conduits of Client Properties

 

The BTMU Group is involved with several conduits that acquire assets, such as real estate, from third-party customers (“property sellers”) with the property sellers continuing to use the acquired real estate through lease-back agreements. The equity of the conduits is provided by the property sellers but such equity holders have no ability to make decisions about the activities of the conduits. Thus, the BTMU Group considers those conduits to be VIEs. The assets acquired by these conduits are generally funded by borrowings from the BTMU Group or third parties. The BTMU Group has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of any of these conduits.

 

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Investment Funds

 

The BTMU Group holds investments and loans in various investment funds that collectively invest in equity and debt securities including listed Japanese securities and investment grade bonds, and, to a limited extent, securities and other interests issued by companies, including in a start-up or restructuring stage. Such investment funds are managed by investment advisory companies or fund management companies that make investment decisions and administer the funds.

 

Special Purpose Entities Created for Structured Financing

 

The BTMU Group extends non-recourse asset-backed loans to special purpose entities, which hold beneficial interests primarily in real properties, to provide financing for special purpose projects including real estate development and natural resource development managed by third parties.

 

The BTMU Group generally acts as a member of a lending group and does not have any equity investment in the entities, which is typically provided by project owners. For most of these financings, the equity provided by the project owners is of sufficient level to absorb expected losses, while expected residual returns to the owners are arranged to be the most significant among all returns. Accordingly, the BTMU Group has determined that the BTMU Group is not the primary beneficiary of most of these entities. However, in transactions with entities whose investments at risk are exceptionally thin, where the BTMU Group provides most of the financing, the BTMU Group is ultimately required to consolidate this type of entity.

 

Repackaged Instruments

 

The BTMU Group has two types of relationships with special purpose entities that repackage financial instruments to create new financial instruments.

 

The BTMU Group provides repackaged instruments with features that meet the customers’ needs and preferences through special purpose entities. The BTMU Group purchases financial instruments such as bonds and transfers them to special purpose entities which then issue new instruments. The special purpose entities may enter into derivative transactions including interest rate and currency swaps with the BTMU Group or other financial institutions to modify the cash flows of the underlying financial instruments. The BTMU Group underwrites and markets the new instruments issued by the special purpose entities to its customers.

 

The BTMU Group also invests in repackaged instruments arranged and issued by third parties.

 

Financing Vehicle

 

The BTMU Group has established several wholly owned funding vehicles to enhance the flexibility of its capital management. Management has determined that the BTMU Group does not have significant variable interests in these conduits which would require disclosure or consolidation.

 

Other Types of VIEs

 

The BTMU Group is also a party to other types of VIEs including special purpose entities created to hold assets on behalf of the BTMU Group as an intermediary.

 

The BTMU Group identified borrowers that were determined to be VIEs due to an insufficient level of equity. The BTMU Group has determined that the BTMU Group is not the primary beneficiary of most of these

 

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borrowers because of its limited exposure as a lender to such borrowers. Such borrowers engage in diverse business activities of various sizes in industries such as manufacturing, distribution, construction and real estate development, independently from the BTMU Group.

 

26.    COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

 

Lease Commitments

 

The BTMU Group leases certain technology systems, office space and equipment under noncancelable agreements expiring through the fiscal year 2046.

 

Future minimum rental commitments for noncancelable leases at March 31, 2008 were as follows:

 

     Capitalized
leases
    Operating
leases
     (in millions)

Fiscal year ending March 31:

    

2009

   ¥ 75,452     ¥ 29,637

2010

     28,264       24,366

2011

     20,216       14,745

2012

     9,441       11,057

2013

     3,863       8,558

2014 and thereafter

     4,848       29,751
              

Total minimum lease payments

     142,084     ¥ 118,114
        

Amount representing interest

     (5,934 )  
          

Present value of minimum lease payments

   ¥ 136,150    
          

 

Total rental expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 was ¥58,425 million, ¥77,070 million and ¥77,272 million, respectively.

 

Repayment of Excess Interest

 

The Japanese government is implementing regulatory reforms affecting the consumer lending industry. In December 2006, the Diet passed legislation to reduce the maximum permissible interest rate under the Investment Deposit and Interest Rate Law, which is currently 29.2% per annum, to 20% per annum. The reduction in interest rates will be implemented by mid-2010. Under the reforms, all interest rates will be subject to the lower limits imposed by Interest Rate Restriction Law, which will compel lending institutions to lower the interest rates they charge borrowers.

 

Currently, consumer finance companies are able to charge interest rates exceeding the limits stipulated by the Interest Rate Restriction Law so long as the payment is made voluntarily by the borrowers and the lender complies with various notice and other requirements. Accordingly, BTMU’s consumer finance subsidiaries have offered loans at interest rates above the Interest Rate Restriction Law, though they are in the process of lowering the interest rates to below the Interest Rate Restriction Law.

 

During the past year, the Supreme Court of Japan passed decisions in a manner more favorable to borrowers requiring reimbursement of previously paid interest exceeding the limits stipulated by the Interest Rate Restriction Law in certain circumstances. Due to such decisions and other regulatory changes, borrowers’ claims

 

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for reimbursement of excess interest significantly increased during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. As a result, BTMU’s consumer finance subsidiaries increased the allowance for repayment of excess interest for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. At March 31, 2007 and 2008, the allowance for repayment of excess interest established by BTMU’s consumer finance subsidiaries, which was included in Other liabilities, was ¥102,471 million and ¥80,164 million, respectively.

 

Litigation

 

The BTMU Group is involved in various litigation matters. Management, based upon their current knowledge and the results of consultation with counsel, makes appropriate levels of litigation reserve. Management believes that the amounts of the BTMU Group’s liabilities, when ultimately determined, will not have a material adverse effect on the BTMU Group’s results of operations and financial position.

 

27.    FEES AND COMMISSIONS INCOME

 

Details of fees and commissions income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 were as follows:

 

     2006    2007    2008
     (in millions)

Trust fees

   ¥ 20,348    ¥ 24,382    ¥ 26,829

Fees on funds transfer and service charges for collections

     103,876      148,961      150,599

Fees and commissions on international business

     61,568      69,481      69,425

Fees and commissions on credit card business

     109,646      163,760      137,971

Service charges on deposits

     35,746      37,254      35,919

Fees and commissions on securities business

     31,675      16,846      32,428

Insurance commissions

     36,507      40,435      33,412

Guarantee fees

     51,598      86,468      84,581

Fees on investment funds business

     13,839      23,149      22,939

Other fees and commissions

     176,734      236,952      209,680
                    

Total

   ¥ 641,537    ¥ 847,688    ¥ 803,783
                    

 

Trust fees consist primarily of fees earned by fiduciary asset management and administration services for corporate pension plans, investment funds, etc. Fees on funds transfer and service charges for collection are earned by providing settlement services such as domestic fund remittances and domestic collection services. Fees and commissions on international business primarily consist of fees from international fund transfer and collection services, and trade-related financing services. Fees and commissions on credit card business are composed of interchange income, annual fees, royalty and other service charges from franchisees. Service charges on deposits are fees charged for deposits such as checking account deposits. Fees and commissions on securities business include underwriting, brokerage and advisory services and arrangement fees on securitizations. Insurance commissions are earned by acting as agent for insurance companies to sell insurance products. Guarantee fees are earned by providing guarantees on residential mortgage loans. Fees on investment funds business primarily consist of management fees for investment funds. Other fees and commissions include various arrangement fees and agent fees excluding the fees mentioned above.

 

28.    BUSINESS SEGMENTS

 

The business segment information set forth below, is derived from the internal management reporting system used by management to measure the performance of the BTMU Group’s business segments. Unlike financial accounting, there is no authoritative body of guidance for management accounting. The business

 

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segment information, set forth below, is based on the financial information prepared in accordance with Japanese GAAP as adjusted in accordance with internal management accounting rules and practices. Accordingly, the format and information is not consistent with the consolidated financial statements prepared on the basis of US GAAP. A reconciliation is provided for the total amounts of segments’ total operating profit with income from continuing operations before income tax expense and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle under US GAAP.

 

See Note 29 for financial information relating to the BTMU Group’s operations by geographic area. The geographic financial information is consistent with the basis of the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

 

The BTMU Group reorganized business segments due to the merger effective January 1, 2006. The segment information for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2008 contains full year operating results in conformity to the new business segments. The business segments during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 are as follows:

 

  Ÿ  

retail banking, which provides banking products and services to individual customers in Japan;

 

  Ÿ  

corporate banking, which provides banking products and services, investment banking advisory, and other services to large corporations and some small- and medium-sized companies in Japan;

 

  Ÿ  

global banking, which consists of:

 

   

global banking (other than UNBC), which provides banking products and services, investment banking advisory services, and other services to the overseas operations of both large- and medium-sized Japanese corporations as well as non-Japanese corporations who do business on a global basis, excluding UNBC’s customers;

 

   

UNBC, which includes the subsidiaries in California, UnionBanCal Corporation and Union Bank of California, N.A.;

 

  Ÿ  

global markets, which conducts its asset and liability management, liquidity management, and sales and trading of foreign exchange and interest-rate-related derivatives; and

 

  Ÿ  

other, which consists of:

 

   

systems services, which is responsible for computer systems;

 

   

trust and asset management business promotion for companies, including defined contribution plans;

 

   

eBusiness & IT Initiatives, which is responsible for developing information technology business opportunities; and

 

   

the corporate center, which retains functions such as strategic planning, overall risk management, internal auditing and compliance.

 

The financial performance derived from the internal management reporting system is summarized below. Management does not use information on segments’ total assets to allocate resources and assess performance and accordingly, business segment information on total assets is not presented.

 

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Effective April 1, 2007, there were changes made in the managerial accounting methods, including those regarding revenue and expense distribution among BTMU’s business segments. The presentation set forth below has been reclassified to conform to the new basis of managerial accounting.

 

    Retail
Banking
  Corporate
Banking(2)
  Global Banking(3)   Global
Markets(2)
    Other     Total
(in billions)           Other than
UNBC
  UNBC   Total                

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2006:

               

Net revenue(1)

  ¥ 743.7   ¥ 716.0   ¥ 190.1   ¥ 350.3   ¥ 558.9   ¥ 281.3     ¥ (26.6 )   ¥ 2,273.3

BTMU:

    449.2     698.6     165.3         165.3     280.0       (69.4 )     1,523.7

Net interest income

    304.0     357.7     92.0         92.0     181.5       29.0       964.2

Net fees

    94.6     204.0     48.1         48.1     (5.3 )     (23.4 )     318.0

Other

    50.6     136.9     25.2         25.2     103.8       (75.0 )     241.5

BTMU’s subsidiaries

    294.5     17.4     24.8     350.3     393.6     1.3       42.8       749.6

Operating expenses

    495.4     247.6     124.8     202.4     337.0     32.8       124.6       1,237.4
                                                   

Operating profit (loss)

  ¥ 248.3   ¥ 468.4   ¥ 65.3   ¥ 147.9   ¥ 221.9   ¥ 248.5     ¥ (151.2 )   ¥ 1,035.9
                                                   

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2007:

               

Net revenue(1)

  ¥ 1,098.8   ¥ 927.7   ¥ 267.4   ¥ 324.3   ¥ 595.2   ¥ 284.3     ¥ 15.6     ¥ 2,921.6

BTMU:

    594.2     893.3     216.6         216.6     284.3       (41.2 )     1,947.2

Net interest income

    447.6     458.7     131.1         131.1     182.7       (42.6 )     1,177.5

Net fees

    116.5     271.7     59.2         59.2     (2.4 )     (19.5 )     425.5

Other

    30.1     162.9     26.3         26.3     104.0       20.9       344.2

BTMU’s subsidiaries

    504.6     34.4     50.8     324.3     378.6           56.8       974.4

Operating expenses

    745.5     370.0     140.6     200.9     343.4     40.8       159.7       1,659.4
                                                   

Operating profit (loss)

  ¥ 353.3   ¥ 557.7   ¥ 126.8   ¥ 123.4   ¥ 251.8   ¥ 243.5     ¥ (144.1 )   ¥ 1,262.2
                                                   

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2008:

               

Net revenue(1)

  ¥ 1,124.6   ¥ 895.1   ¥ 269.6   ¥ 296.4   ¥ 566.5   ¥ 240.4     ¥ 15.8     ¥ 2,842.4

BTMU:

    648.8     859.7     198.9         198.9     240.4       (25.6 )     1,922.2

Net interest income

    532.5     466.9     109.8         109.8     122.0       (0.4 )     1,230.8

Net fees

    97.8     259.0     53.8         53.8     (8.3 )     (19.8 )     382.5

Other

    18.5     133.8     35.3         35.3     126.7       (5.4 )     308.9

BTMU’s subsidiaries

    475.8     35.4     70.7     296.4     367.6           41.4       920.2

Operating expenses

    771.0     386.6     145.7     187.6     334.6     42.7       169.1       1,704.0
                                                   

Operating profit (loss)

  ¥ 353.6   ¥ 508.5   ¥ 123.9   ¥ 108.8   ¥ 231.9   ¥ 197.7     ¥ (153.3 )   ¥ 1,138.4
                                                   

 

Notes:

(1)   Net revenue does not include interest income on loans to MUFG.
(2)   In accordance with our internal management accounting policies, we allocate profit (loss) relating to securitized products between the Corporate Banking business segment and the Global Markets business segment.
(3)   Within Global Banking, results of certain liquidated subsidiaries for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 are not included in the “Other than UNBC” column, while they are included in the “Total” column for internal management reporting purpose.

 

Management measures performance of each business segment by “operating profit,” which includes profits or losses of BTMU’s subsidiaries. Financial information of each of BTMU’s subsidiaries is assigned to only one business segment, based on its major products or services provided and its major type of customers.

 

“Net revenue” above includes net interest income, net fees (that is, fees and commissions received, net of fees paid and other related expenses), and other gains, such as net trading gains, net foreign exchange gains, and net gains from sales of debt investment securities measured under Japanese GAAP. Interest income and expenses between business segments are determined using an internal transfer pricing system, based on current market rates.

 

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“Operating expenses” include salaries and employee benefits, occupancy and certain other non-interest expenses. In determining operating profit, the BTMU Group does not assign to each business segment certain income and expense items such as specific provisions for loan loss reserve, equity investment securities gains or losses, minority interest in earnings or losses of BTMU’s subsidiaries, equity in earnings or losses of BTMU’s affiliated companies, goodwill amortization and impairment, net gains or losses from disposition of premises and equipment, and other non-interest income and expense items.

 

Reconciliation

 

As set forth above, the measurement bases and the income and expenses items covered are very different between the internal management reporting system and the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Therefore, it is impracticable to present reconciliations of the business segments’ total information, other than operating profit, to corresponding items in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

 

A reconciliation of the operating profit under the internal management reporting system for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 above to income from continuing operations before income tax expense and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle shown on the consolidated statements of operations is as follows:

 

     2006     2007     2008  
     (in billions)  

Operating profit:

   ¥ 1,036     ¥ 1,262     ¥ 1,138  

Provision for credit losses

     (163 )     (342 )     (407 )

Trading account profits (losses)—net

     (200 )     176       120  

Equity investment securities gains (losses)—net

     119       (19 )     (143 )

Debt investment securities gains (losses)—net

     (19 )     193       (1,091 )

Foreign exchange gains (losses)—net

     (449 )     (216 )     1,283  

Equity in earnings (losses) of equity method

     29       5       (36 )

Impairment of goodwill

                 (816 )

Impairment of intangible assets

           (185 )      

Minority interest in loss (income) of consolidated subsidiaries

     (109 )     8       (20 )

Other—net

     53       (10 )     6  
                        

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

   ¥ 297     ¥ 872     ¥ 34  
                        

 

29.    FOREIGN ACTIVITIES

 

Foreign operations include the business conducted by overseas offices, as well as international business conducted from domestic offices, principally several international banking-related divisions of BTMU’s Head Office in Tokyo, and involve various transactions with debtors and customers residing outside Japan. Close integration of the BTMU Group’s foreign and domestic activities makes precise estimates of the amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses attributable to foreign operations difficult and necessarily subjective. Assets, income and expenses attributable to foreign operations are allocated to geographical areas based on the domicile of the debtors and customers.

 

Generally, interest rates with respect to funds borrowed and loaned between domestic and foreign operations are based on prevailing money market rates appropriate for the transactions. In general, the BTMU Group has allocated all direct expenses and a proportionate share of general and administrative expenses to income derived

 

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from foreign loans and other transactions by the BTMU Group’s foreign operations. The following table sets forth estimated total assets at March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, and estimated total revenue, total expense, income from continuing operations before income tax expense and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle and net income (loss) for the respective fiscal years then ended:

 

    Domestic     Foreign     Total  
(in millions)   Japan     United States
of America
    Europe   Asia/
Oceania
excluding
Japan
  Other areas(1)        

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2006:

           

Total revenue(2)

  ¥ 1,481,713     ¥ 861,286     ¥ 190,444   ¥ 174,940   ¥ 97,775     ¥ 2,806,158  

Total expenses(3)

    1,736,217       492,170       131,180     111,043     38,396       2,509,006  

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

    (254,504 )     369,116       59,264     63,897     59,379       297,152  

Net income (loss)

    (207,326 )     288,690       45,820     55,572     46,023       228,779  

Total assets at end of fiscal year

    129,003,677       15,422,407       7,120,001     5,080,108     2,199,513       158,825,706  

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2007:

           

Total revenue(2)

  ¥ 2,697,252     ¥ 1,089,049     ¥ 447,534   ¥ 264,166   ¥ 166,812     ¥ 4,664,813  

Total expenses(3)

    2,692,150       632,066       202,903     179,196     86,494       3,792,809  

Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

    5,102       456,983       244,631     84,970     80,318       872,004  

Net income

    3,981       241,205       130,783     45,456     39,463       460,888  

Total assets at end of fiscal year

    119,102,333       17,582,964       7,424,639     6,355,914     3,139,392       153,605,242  

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2008:

           

Total revenue(2)

  ¥ 3,851,631     ¥ 141,081     ¥ 390,937   ¥ 434,455   ¥ 89,303     ¥ 4,907,407  

Total expenses(3)

    3,551,702       685,056       285,798     250,141     100,722       4,873,419  

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense and cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle

    299,929       (543,975 )     105,139     184,314     (11,419 )     33,988  

Net income (loss)

    (143,075 )     (664,998 )     133,989     232,255     (16,238 )     (458,067 )

Total assets at end of fiscal year

    111,138,117       17,946,627       10,826,636     7,936,981     4,230,870       152,079,231  

 

Notes:

(1)   Other areas primarily include Canada, Latin America and the Caribbean.
(2)   Total revenue is comprised of Interest income and Non-interest income.
(3)   Total expense is comprised of Interest expense, Provision for credit losses and Non-interest expense.

 

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The following is an analysis of certain asset and liability accounts related to foreign activities at March 31, 2007 and 2008:

 

     2007    2008
     (in millions)

Cash and due from banks

   ¥ 610,014    ¥ 629,813

Interest-earning deposits in other banks

     4,101,076    ¥ 5,563,877
             

Total

   ¥ 4,711,090    ¥ 6,193,690
             

Trading account assets

   ¥ 813,688    ¥ 2,260,250
             

Investment securities

   ¥ 9,899,746    ¥ 10,122,065
             

Loans—net of unearned income, unamortized premiums and deferred loan fees

   ¥ 17,552,630    ¥ 20,823,633
             

Deposits

   ¥ 16,395,999    ¥ 18,475,984
             

Funds borrowed:

     

Call money, funds purchased, and payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions

   ¥ 1,290,491    ¥ 1,209,688

Other short-term borrowings

     1,982,539      2,045,924

Long-term debt

     3,188,906      3,196,869
             

Total

   ¥ 6,461,936    ¥ 6,452,481
             

Trading account liabilities

   ¥ 347,109    ¥ 1,551,877
             

 

30.    ESTIMATED FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

 

Quoted market prices, when available, are used to estimate fair values of financial instruments. However, quoted market prices are not available for a substantial portion of financial instruments and, therefore, fair values for such financial instruments are estimated using discounted cash flow models or other valuation techniques. Although management uses its best judgment in estimating fair values of financial instruments, estimation methodologies and assumptions used to estimate fair values are inherently subjective. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of net realizable or liquidation values. The use of different estimation methodologies and/or market assumptions may have a significant effect on the estimated fair values.

 

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The following is a summary of carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at March 31, 2007 and 2008:

 

     2007    2008
     Carrying
amount
   Estimated
fair value
   Carrying
amount
   Estimated
fair value
     (in billions)

Financial assets:

           

Cash, due from banks, call loans and funds sold, and receivables under resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions

   ¥ 13,853    ¥ 13,853    ¥ 15,525    ¥ 15,525

Trading account assets, excluding derivatives

     2,838      2,838      2,946      2,946

Investment securities

     42,098      42,337      34,658      34,941

Loans, net of allowance for credit losses

     85,131      85,499      88,729      89,492

Other financial assets

     3,763      3,763      3,810      3,810

Derivative financial instruments:

           

Trading activities

     1,239      1,239      2,368      2,368

Activities qualifying for hedges

     3      3      16      16

Financial liabilities:

           

Non-interest-bearing deposits, call money and funds purchased, and payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions

   ¥ 27,950    ¥ 27,950    ¥ 24,880    ¥ 24,880

Interest-bearing deposits

     94,078      94,043      98,817      98,843

Trading account liabilities, excluding derivatives

     11      11      13      13

Obligations to return securities received as collateral

     809      809      414      414

Other short-term borrowings

     4,412      4,412      3,675      3,675

Long-term debt

     12,263      12,318      11,652      11,683

Other financial liabilities

     3,397      3,397      3,380      3,380

Derivative financial instruments:

           

Trading activities

     1,199      1,199      1,683      1,683

Activities qualifying for hedges

     2      2          

 

The methodologies and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the financial instruments are summarized below:

 

Cash, due from banks, call loans and funds sold, and receivables under resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions—For cash, due from banks including interest-earning deposits, call loans and funds sold, and receivables under resale agreements and securities borrowing transactions, the carrying amounts are a reasonable estimate of the fair values because of their short-term nature and limited credit risk.

 

Trading account securities—Trading account securities and short trading positions of securities are carried at fair value, which is principally based on quoted market prices, when available. If the quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments.

 

Investment securities—The fair values of investment securities, where quoted market prices or secondary market prices are available, are equal to such market prices. For investment securities, when quoted market prices or secondary market prices are not available, the fair values are estimated using quoted market prices for similar securities or based on appraised value as deemed appropriate by management. The fair values of investment securities other than those classified as available for sale or being held to maturity (i.e., nonmarketable equity securities) are not readily determinable as they do not have quoted market prices or secondary market prices

 

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available. The fair values of certain nonmarketable equity securities, such as preferred stock convertible to marketable common stock in the future, issued by public companies are determined by utilizing commonly accepted valuation models, such as option pricing models. It is not practicable for the BTMU Group to estimate the fair value of other nonmarketable securities issued by nonpublic companies for which a quoted market price is not available. For these securities, the BTMU Group is unable to estimate fair value without incurring undue cost because they comprise investments in numerous unlisted companies and each investment represents an insignificant percentage relative to each company. Therefore, the above summary does not include the carrying amounts of such investment securities. The amounts not included in the above summary are ¥158 billion and ¥54 billion at March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

 

Loans—The fair values of loans are estimated for groups with similar characteristics, including type of loan, credit quality and remaining maturity. In incorporating the credit risk factor, management concluded that the allowance for credit losses adequately adjusts the related book values for credit risk. For floating- or adjustable-rate loans, which mature or are repriced within a short period of time, the carrying values are considered to be a reasonable estimate of fair values. For fixed-rate loans, market prices are not generally available and the fair values are estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows based on the contracted maturity of the loans. The discount rates are based on the current market rates corresponding to the applicable maturity. Where quoted market prices or estimated fair values are available, primarily for loans to refinancing countries, loans held for dispositions or sales and certain other foreign loans, the fair values are based on such market prices and estimated fair values, including secondary market prices. For nonperforming loans, the fair values are generally determined on an individual basis by discounting the estimated future cash flows and may be based on the appraisal value of underlying collateral as appropriate.

 

Other financial assets—The estimated fair values of other financial assets, which primarily include accrued interest receivable, customers’ acceptance liabilities and accounts receivable, approximate their carrying amounts. The above summary does not include the carrying amounts of investments in equity method investees amounting to ¥396 billion and ¥360 billion at March 31, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

 

Derivative financial instruments—The estimated fair values of derivative financial instruments are the amounts the BTMU Group would receive or pay to terminate the contracts at the balance-sheet date, taking into account the current unrealized gains or losses on open contracts. They are based on market or dealer quotes when available. Valuation models such as present value and option pricing models are applied to current market information to estimate fair values when such quotes are not available.

 

Non-interest-bearing deposits, call money and funds purchased, payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions, and obligations to return securities received as collateral—The fair values of non-interest-bearing deposits are equal to the amounts payable on demand. For call money and funds purchased, payables under repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions and obligations to return securities received as collateral, the carrying amounts are a reasonable estimate of the fair values because of their short-term nature and limited credit risk.

 

Interest–bearing deposits—The fair values of demand deposits, deposits at notice, and certificates of deposit maturing within a short period of time are the amounts payable on demand. Fair values of time deposits and certificates of deposit maturing after a short period of time are estimated by discounting the estimated cash flows using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities or the applicable current market rates.

 

Other short-term borrowings—For most other short-term borrowings, the carrying amounts are a reasonable estimate of the fair values because of their short-term nature. For certain borrowings, fair values are

 

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estimated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using applicable current market interest rates or comparable rates for similar instruments, which represent the BTMU Group’s cost to raise funds with a similar remaining maturity.

 

Long-term debt—For certain unsubordinated and subordinated debt, the fair values are estimated based on quoted market prices of the instruments. The fair values of other long-term debt are estimated using a discounted cash flow model based on rates applicable to the BTMU Group for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities.

 

Other financial liabilities—The estimated fair values of other financial liabilities, which primarily include accrued interest payable, bank acceptances, accounts payable and obligations under standby letters of credit and guarantees, approximate their carrying amounts. The fair values of obligations under standby letters of credit and guarantees are based on fees received or receivable by the BTMU Group.

 

The fair values of certain off-balance-sheet financial instruments held for purposes other than trading, including commitments to extend credit and commercial letters of credit, are estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the credit quality. The aggregate fair value of such instruments at March 31, 2007 and 2008 was not material.

 

The fair value estimates presented herein are based on pertinent information available to management at March 31, 2007 and 2008. These amounts have not been comprehensively revalued since that date and, therefore, current estimates of fair values may have changed significantly from the amounts presented herein.

 

31.    STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

 

The following describes stock-based compensation plans of BTMU and UNBC and the impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 123R.

 

BTMU

 

MUFG, BTMU and MUTB elected to introduce a stock-based compensation plan for directors, executive officers and corporate auditors (“officers”) and obtained the necessary shareholder approval at their respective ordinary general meetings held in June 2007, while abolishing retirement gratuities program for these officers.

 

Following the approval, MUFG resolved at the meeting of the Board of Directors to issue stock compensation type stock options (“Stock Acquisition Rights”) to officers of MUFG, BTMU and MUTB. Usually, the Stock Acquisition Rights would be issued and granted to these officers once a year as a replacement of the former retirement gratuities program.

 

The class of shares to be issued or transferred on exercise of the Stock Acquisition Rights is common stock of MUFG. When the Stock Acquisition Rights are vested in the officers of BTMU, the fair value of the Stock Acquisition Rights at the date of grant is recognized as a compensation cost over its vesting period with a corresponding credit to capital surplus. Upon the exercise of the Stock Acquisition Rights, BTMU shall make cash payment to MUFG in the same amount of the fair value of the Stock Acquisition Rights exercised, which is recognized as a decrease of capital surplus.

 

The contractual term of the Stock Acquisition Rights is approximately 30 years from the date of grant. Some of the Stock Acquisition Rights vest on the date of grant and the rest of the rights graded-vest depending on the holder’s service period as officers. The Stock Acquisition Rights are only exercisable after the date on which the following conditions are met: (1) holder as a director or an executive officer loses the status of both director and executive officer, (2) holder as a corporate auditor loses the status of a corporate auditor. The exercise price is ¥1 per share.

 

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The following is a summary of the Stock Acquisition Rights transactions of BTMU for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008:

 

     For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008
     Number of
shares
   Weighted-average
exercise price
   Weighted-average
remaining
contractual term

(in years)
   Aggregate
intrinsic value
(in millions)

Outstanding, beginning of the period

      ¥      

Granted

   1,590,800      1      
             

Outstanding, end of the period

   1,590,800    ¥ 1    29.68    ¥ 1,366
             

Exercisable, end of the period

      ¥     —       ¥
             

 

The fair value of the Stock Acquisition Rights is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model that uses the assumptions described in the following table. The risk-free rate is based on the Japanese government bonds yield curve in effect at the date of grant based on the expected term. The expected volatility is based on the historical data from traded common stock of MUFG. The expected term is based on the average service period of officers of MUFG, BTMU and MUTB, which represents the expected outstanding period of the Stock Acquisition Rights granted. The expected dividend yield is based on the dividend rate of common stock of MUFG at the date of grant.

 

     For the fiscal year ended
March 31, 2008
 

Risk-free interest rate

   0.95 %

Expected volatility

   31.07 %

Expected term (in years)

   4  

Expected dividend yield

   1.02 %

 

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of the Stock Acquisition Rights granted during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 was ¥103,200.

 

BTMU recognized ¥1,340 million of compensation cost related to the Stock Acquisition Rights with ¥544 million of corresponding tax benefit during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. As of March 31, 2008, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to the Stock Acquisition Rights was ¥302 million and it is expected to be recognized over 3 months.

 

UNBC

 

UNBC has two management stock plans. The Year 2000 UnionBanCal Corporation Management Stock Plan, as amended (the “2000 Stock Plan”), and the UnionBanCal Corporation Management Stock Plan, restated effective June 1, 1997 (the “1997 Stock Plan”), have 20.0 million and 6.6 million shares, respectively, of UNBC’s common stock authorized to be awarded to key employees, outside directors and consultants of UNBC at the discretion of the Executive Compensation and Benefits Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Committee”). Employees on rotational assignment from BTMU are not eligible for stock awards.

 

The Committee determines the term of each stock option grant, up to a maximum of ten years from the date of grant. The exercise price of the options issued under the stock plans may not be less than the fair market value on the date the option is granted. Beginning in 2006, the value of options is recognized as compensation expense over the

 

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vesting period during which the employees are required to provide service. Prior to January 1, 2006, UNBC’s unrecognized compensation expense for nonvested restricted stock reduced retained earnings. The adoption of SFAS No. 123R resulted in an increase of unappropriated retained earnings and a decrease of capital surplus by ¥1,468 million, respectively, in the consolidated financial statements. The value of the restricted stock at the date of grant is recognized as compensation expense over its vesting period with a corresponding credit adjustment to capital surplus. All cancelled or forfeited options and restricted stock become available for future grants. SFAS No. 123R requires the cash flows resulting from the tax benefits of tax deductions in excess of the compensation cost recognized for share-based compensation awards (i.e., excess tax benefits) to be classified as financing cash flows. The ¥269 million of the excess tax benefits and ¥2,647 million of the exercise of stock options are classified as other cash inflows from financing activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008.

 

Under the 2000 Stock Plan, UNBC grants stock options and restricted stock. Additionally under this plan, UNBC issues shares of common stock upon the vesting and settlement of performance shares settled in common stock and restricted stock units, as well as upon the settlement of stock units. Under the 1997 Stock Plan, UNBC issues shares of common stock upon exercise of outstanding stock options. UNBC issues new shares of common stock for all awards under the stock plans. A total of 5,445,210 shares, 3,692,736 shares and 1,095,526 shares were available for future grants under the 2000 Stock Plan at December 31, 2005, 2006, 2007, respectively. These available shares have taken into account the outstanding number of shares of stock options and restricted stock, as well as the maximum number of shares that may be issued upon the vesting and settlement of outstanding performance shares settled in common stock and restricted stock units, and upon the settlement of outstanding stock units. The remaining shares under the 1997 Stock Plan are not available for future grants.

 

The Committee determined that performance share awards granted in 2006 and 2007 were to be redeemed in shares.

 

Stock Options

 

Under the 2000 Stock Plan, UNBC granted options to various key employees, including policy-making officers, and to non-employee directors for selected years. Under both the 1997 and 2000 Stock Plans, options granted to employees vest pro-rata on each anniversary of the grant date and become fully exercisable three years from the grant date, provided that the employee has completed the specified continuous service requirement. Generally, the options vest earlier if the employee dies, is permanently disabled, or retires under certain grant, age, and service conditions or terminates employment under certain conditions. Options granted to non-employee directors are fully vested on the grant date and exercisable 33  1/3 percent on each anniversary under the 1997 Stock Plan, and are fully vested and exercisable on the grant date under the 2000 Stock Plan.

 

The following is a summary of stock option transactions under the stock plans:

 

     For the year ended December 31, 2007
     Number of
shares
    Weighted-average
exercise price
   Weighted-average
remaining
contractual term

(in years)
   Aggregate
intrinsic value
(in thousands)

Options outstanding, beginning of the period(1)

   8,326,241     $ 49.24      

Granted

   2,219,403       55.33      

Exercised

   (800,860 )     41.58      

Forfeited

   (71,638 )     66.16      
              

Options outstanding, end of the period(1)

   9,673,146     $ 51.14    4.88    $ 35,555
              

Options exercisable, end of the period

   6,519,040     $ 47.43    4.25    $ 25,478
              

 

Note:

(1)   Options not expected to vest are included in options outstanding. Amounts are not material.

 

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The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant utilizing the Black-Scholes option pricing model and using the assumptions noted in the following table. The Black-Scholes option pricing model is applied to option tranches based on expected terms that result in ranges of input assumptions, such ranges are disclosed below. Expected volatilities are based on historical data and implied volatilities from traded options on UNBC’s stock, and other factors. UNBC uses historical data to estimate option exercise and employee terminations within the valuation model. The expected term of an option granted is derived from the output of the option valuation model, which is based on historical data and represents the period of time that the option granted is expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant based on the expected term.

 

     For the years ended December 31,  
     2005     2006     2007  

Weighted-average fair value—per share

   $ 13.38     $ 12.31     $ 7.04  

Risk-free interest rates (a range for 1 to 7 year tenors)

     3.4 - 4.3 %     4.3 - 5.05 %     3.71 %

Expected volatility

     27.0 %     16.6 - 22.9 %     16.9 - 21.0 %

Weighted-average expected volatility

     27.0 %     19.4 %     19.8 %

Expected term (in years)

     4.4       3.4 - 5.4       3.8 - 4.4  

Weighted-average expected dividend yield

     2.7 %     2.7 %     4.3 %

 

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2005, 2006 and 2007 was $50.4 million, $37.9 million and $16.0 million, with a corresponding tax benefit of $17.9 million, $13.5 million and $5.7 million, respectively. The total fair value of options vested during the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 was $38.3 million, $28.9 million and $20.5 million, respectively.

 

UNBC recognized $22.4 million and $13.0 million of compensation cost for share-based payment arrangements related to stock option awards with $8.4 million and $5.0 million of corresponding tax benefit during the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. As of December 31, 2007, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock option awards was $17.5 million and the weighted-average period over which the cost is expected to be recognized was 1.2 years.

 

Restricted Stock

 

In general, restricted stock awards are granted under the 2000 Stock Plan to key employees, and in 2005, to non-employee directors. The awards of restricted stock granted to employees vest pro-rata on each anniversary of the grant date and become fully vested four years from the grant date, provided that the employee has completed the specified continuous service requirement. Generally, they vest earlier if the employee dies, is permanently and totally disabled, retires under certain grant, age, and service conditions or terminates employment under certain conditions. The awards of restricted stock granted to existing non-employee directors in 2005 vested in full in July 2006. Restricted stockholders have the right to vote their restricted shares and receive dividends. The grant date fair value of awards is equal to the closing price on date of grant.

 

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The following is a summary of UNBC’s nonvested restricted stock awards as of December 31, 2007 and changes during the period ended December 31, 2007:

 

     For the year ended December 31, 2007
     Number of shares     Weighted-average
grant date
fair value

Nonvested restricted awards, beginning of the period

   840,003     $ 62.59

Granted

   337,887       53.31

Vested

   (247,191 )     62.94

Forfeited

   (49,582 )     62.15
        

Nonvested restricted awards, end of the period

   881,117     $ 59.00
        

 

The total fair value of the restricted stock awards vested was $1.5 million during 2005, $8.8 million during 2006 and $15.6 million during 2007, with a corresponding tax benefit of $0.6 million, $3.1 million and $5.0 million, respectively.

 

UNBC recognized $7.6 million, $14.4 million and $14.4 million of compensation cost for share-based payment arrangements related to restricted stock awards with $2.9 million, $5.4 million and $5.5 million of corresponding tax benefit during the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. At December 31, 2007, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted awards was $41.0 million, and the weighted-average period over which it is expected to be recognized was 1.6 years.

 

Restricted Stock Units and Stock Units

 

Starting in July 2006, UNBC granted restricted stock units to non-employee directors. These restricted stock units consist of an annual grant, and in the case of new non-employee directors, an annual grant and an initial grant. In general, the annual grant vests in full on the first anniversary of the grant date, and the initial grant vests in three equal installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date. The grant date fair value of awards is equal to the closing price on date of grant. During the year ended December 31, 2007, UNBC granted 22,995 restricted stock units with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $57.84 per unit. There were no restricted stock units forfeited during the year ended December 31, 2007. The total fair value of the restricted stock units that vested during the year ended December 31, 2007 was $0.8 million. UNBC recognized $0.3 million and $1.0 million of compensation cost with a corresponding $0.1 million and $0.4 million in tax benefits related to these grants for the year ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. As of December 31, 2007, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock units was $1.0 million and the weighted-average period over which it is expected to be recognized was 9 months.

 

The restricted stock unit participants do not have voting or other stockholder rights. However, the participants’ stock unit accounts receive dividend equivalents, reflecting the aggregate dividends earned based on the total number of restricted stock units outstanding, in the form of additional restricted stock units. Participants may elect to defer the delivery of vested shares of common stock at predetermined dates as defined in the plan agreements. UNBC will issue new shares under the 2000 Stock Plan upon vesting and settlement of these grants, which are redeemable only in shares.

 

Non-employee directors may irrevocably elect to defer all or a portion of the cash retainer and/or fees payable to them for services on the Board of Directors and its committees in the form of stock units. At the time of deferral, a bookkeeping account is established on behalf of the director and credited with a number of fully vested stock units. The director will receive a number of stock units equal to the number of shares of common

 

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stock when the deferred compensation is payable. Dividend equivalents are credited to the stock unit accounts. Stock units have no voting rights. UNBC will issue new shares under the 2000 Stock Plan upon settlement of the stock units.

 

Performance Share Plan

 

Effective January 1, 1997, UNBC established a Performance Share Plan. At the discretion of the Committee, eligible participants may earn performance share awards to be redeemed in cash and/or shares three years after the date of grant. Performance shares are linked to stockholder value in two ways: (1) the market price of UNBC’s common stock; and (2) return on equity, a performance measure closely linked to value creation. Eligible participants generally receive grants of performance shares annually. The plan was amended in 2004 increasing the total number of shares that can be granted under the plan to 2.6 million shares. The following is a summary of shares granted and available for future grants under the Performance Share Plan:

 

     For the years ended December 31,
     2005    2006    2007

Performance shares:

        

Granted

   78,000    62,100    70,614

Available for future grant, year end

   2,193,383    2,132,333    2,063,219

 

Performance Shares—Redeemable in Cash

 

All performance shares granted prior to 2006 are redeemable in cash and therefore are accounted for as liabilities. The value of a performance share under the liability method is equal to the average month-end closing price of the UNBC’s common stock for the final six months of the performance period. All cancelled or forfeited performance shares become available for future grants. The following is a summary of performance shares that are redeemable in cash under the Performance Share Plan:

 

     For the years ended December 31,
         2005            2006            2007    
     (in millions, except number of shares)

Performance shares granted

     78,000          

Performance shares forfeited

     19,200          

Fair value of performance shares that vested

   $ 4.5    $ 9.4    $ 6.7

Cash payments made for performance shares that vested

   $ 6.5    $ 5.8    $ 7.8

Fair value of performance shares that vested and deferred

   $ 0.4    $ 0.3     

Performance shares compensation expense

   $ 9.0    $ 1.8    $ 1.7

Tax benefit related to compensation expense

   $ 3.4    $ 0.7    $ 0.6

Liability for cash settlement of performance shares, year end

   $ 15.7    $ 11.7    $ 5.7

 

The compensation cost related to these grants that are redeemable in cash was fully recognized as of December 31, 2007.

 

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Performance Shares—Redeemable in Shares

 

The following is a summary of performance shares that are redeemable in shares under the Performance Share Plan:

 

     For the years ended December 31,
                2006                          2007           
     (in millions, except number of shares
and per share amount)

Performance shares granted

     62,100      70,614

Weighted average grant date fair value—per share

   $ 69.96    $ 63.10

Performance shares forfeited

     1,050      1,500

Fair value of performance shares that vested during the year

   $ 0.2    $ 0.6

Performance shares compensation expense

   $ 2.8    $ 4.8

Tax benefit related to compensation expense

   $ 1.1    $ 1.8

 

As of December 31, 2007, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to grants that are redeemable in shares was $4.6 million and the weighted-average period over which it is expected to be recognized was 11 months. UNBC issues new shares under the 2000 Stock Plan upon vesting and settlement of these grants that are redeemable in shares.

 

32.    RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

Transactions with MUFG, MUTB, MUS and their subsidiaries

 

Since the formation of MUFG, MUTB and its subsidiaries have been related parties which are under common control by MUFG. In addition, subsidiaries of MUFG other than its banking subsidiaries (i.e., BTMU and MUTB), such as MUS, are related parties of BTMU.

 

BTMU lends and borrows funds from such related parties in the course of its normal banking activities. In addition, BTMU acts as an agency for MUTB to offer trust products to its customers on behalf of MUTB. BTMU frequently works together with MUS in providing various investment banking and securities services such as derivatives, advisory for mergers and acquisitions and securitizations to their customers.

 

The following table shows the amount of transactions with its related parties under common control by MUFG for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008:

 

         2006            2007            2008    
     (in billions)

Interest income, primarily resulted from loans and interest earning deposits in other banks:

   ¥ 18    ¥ 24    ¥ 22

Interest expense, primarily resulted from payables under securities lending transactions and deposits:

     11      12      24

Non-interest income:

     25      32      35

Non-interest expense:

     25      43      42

 

The following table shows the amounts due from or to its related parties under common control by MUFG at March 31, 2007 and 2008:

 

         2007            2008    
     (in billions)

Assets, primarily consisting of trading account assets and loans:

   ¥ 2,790    ¥ 3,747

Liabilities, primarily consisting of trading account liabilities and payables under securities lending transactions:

     2,241      3,285

 

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33.    EVENTS SINCE MARCH 31, 2008

 

Approval of Dividends

 

On June 26, 2008, the shareholder approved the payment of cash dividends to the shareholder of record on March 31, 2008, of ¥30.00 per share of Class 2 Preferred Stock, of ¥7.95 per share of Class 3 Preferred Stock, of ¥80.68 per share of Class 6 Preferred Stock, totaling ¥3,221 million, and of ¥17.62 per share of Common stock, totaling ¥180,745 million.

 

Agreement with JAL International on JALCARD Share Transfer and Business Partnership

 

On May 2, 2008, BTMU reached an agreement with Japan Airlines International Co., Ltd. (“JALI”), a subsidiary of the Japan Airlines Corporation, on the transfer to BTMU of the issued shares of JALCARD Inc. (“JALCARD”), a wholly owned subsidiary of JALI. JALI transferred 3,950 shares out of its total holding of 8,000 JALCARD shares (representing 49.375% of voting rights) to BTMU as of July 1, 2008.

 

Also as part of the agreement, JALI, JALCARD, BTMU, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS, and JCB Co., Ltd. agreed on a business partnership relating to the credit card operations. As a result of this business alliance, JALI plans to grant BTMU certain priority rights relating to the issuance of JAL branded credit cards.

 

Share Exchange Transaction to Make Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of MUFG

 

On May 28, 2008, MUFG and Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS entered into a share exchange agreement to make Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS a wholly owned subsidiary of MUFG. The share exchange ratios were set at 0.37 shares of MUFG common stock to one share of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS common stock and at 1.39 shares of MUFG common stock to one share of Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Class 1 Stock.

 

On June 27, 2008, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS shareholders approved the share exchange transaction. Accordingly, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS common stock was delisted from the Tokyo Stock Exchange on July 28, 2008 and the share exchange became effective on August 1, 2008. Upon the completion of the share exchange, Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS, a former consolidated subsidiary of BTMU, became a directly owned subsidiary of MUFG.

 

Basic Agreement on the Business Integration between Bank of Ikeda and Senshu Bank

 

On May 30, 2008, BTMU signed a basic agreement with Senshu Bank, a regional bank subsidiary of BTMU headquartered in Osaka, and the Bank of Ikeda Ltd. (“Bank of Ikeda”), another regional bank headquartered in Osaka, concerning the planned business integration between the two regional banks.

 

Senshu Bank and Bank of Ikeda are planning to establish a new company on April 1, 2009 after the execution of a definitive agreement, which is expected to occur by November 28, 2008.

 

Commencement of a New Mobile Internet Banking Service

 

On June 17, 2008, Jibun Bank Corporation (“Jibun Bank”), a new mobile internet bank co-founded by BTMU and KDDI CORPORATION, acquired a banking business license. Jibun Bank started to receive orders for opening bank accounts on July 17, 2008 and currently provides banking services such as ordinary accounts, fixed term deposits and fund transfers via mobile phone.

 

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Redemption of “Non-dilutive” Preferred Securities Issued by a Special Purpose Company

 

On June 30, 2008, Tokai Preferred Capital Company L.L.C., a special purpose company established in Delaware, redeemed total $1 billion of non-cumulative and non-dilutive perpetual preferred securities. These securities were accounted for as part of BTMU’s Tier I capital at March 31, 2008 under the BIS capital adequacy requirements.

 

Stock Compensation Type Stock Options (Stock Acquisition Rights)

 

On July 15, 2008, the directors, executive officers and corporate auditors of BTMU were allotted stock acquisition rights to acquire an aggregate amount of 1,695,500 shares of MUFG’s common stock. The stock acquisition rights have an exercise price of ¥1 per common share, and are exercisable until July 14, 2038.

 

Sale of MUFG’s Ordinary Shares

 

On July 31, 2008, MUFG resolved, at the meeting of the Board of Directors of the company, to repurchase its own shares which were once allocated to BTMU pursuant to the share exchange on August 1, 2008. MUFG repurchased 247,677,147 shares from BTMU, and the purchase price was ¥238,513 million.

 

Issuance of “Non-dilutive” Preferred Securities by a Special Purpose Company

 

On July 31, 2008, BTMU established BTMU Preferred Capital 7 Limited, a special purpose company in the Cayman Islands, for the issuance of preferred securities to strengthen the capital base of BTMU.

 

On September 2, 2008, BTMU Preferred Capital 7 Limited issued ¥122 billion in non-cumulative perpetual preferred securities. These securities are accounted for as part of BTMU’s Tier I capital under the BIS capital adequacy requirements.

 

Conversion of Class 3 Preferred Stock

 

On August 1, 2008, 17,700,000 shares of Class 3 Preferred Stock owned by MUFG were converted into 43,895,180 shares of newly issued common stock. As a result, numbers of outstanding common stock of BTMU increased to 10,301,857,122 shares.

 

Commencement of a Cash Tender Offer by BTMU to Make UNBC a Wholly Owned Subsidiary

 

On August 18, 2008, BTMU resolved, at the meeting of the Board of Directors, to commence a cash tender offer in the United States for all of the outstanding shares of common stock of UNBC and to execute the definitive merger agreement which has been approved by the Board of Directors of UNBC as well.

 

In accordance with the merger agreement, on August 29, 2008, BTMU commenced a tender offer to acquire all of the shares of UNBC’s common stock not owned by BTMU for $73.50 per share in cash. The tender offer will expire on September 26, 2008, unless it is extended.

 

Under the merger agreement, the consummation of the tender offer will be followed by a merger in which any shares of UNBC not tendered through the tender offer will be acquired at the same price in cash, subject to customary appraisal rights. Upon completion of the merger, UNBC will become a wholly owned subsidiary of BTMU. The total funds required to complete the acquisition of UNBC by BTMU are estimated to be approximately ¥385 billion. BTMU intends to use cash on hand to fund the acquisition.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Filing of a Bankruptcy Petition by Lehman Brothers Holdings

 

On September 15, 2008, Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (“LBHI”) filed a petition under Chapter 11 of the US Bankruptcy Code with the US Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. The BTMU Group determined that the filing by LBHI was attributable to the deterioration of the asset-backed securitization products market and residential mortgage market in the United States subsequent to March 31, 2008, and did not reflect the impact of LBHI’s bankruptcy on the accompanying consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Although the impact of these developments is currently being reviewed, the BTMU Group estimates that these developments will adversely affect income from continuing operations before income tax expense for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2009 by approximately ¥20 to ¥30 billion.

 

* * * * *

 

F-110


Table of Contents

Signature

 

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.

 

THE BANK OF TOKYO-MITSUBISHI UFJ, LTD.
By:  

/s/    KATSUNORI NAGAYASU

Name:   Katsunori Nagayasu
Title:   President

 

September 19, 2008


Table of Contents

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit

   

Description

1 (a)   Articles of Incorporation of The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., as amended and restated on June 26, 2008. (English Translation)(1)
1 (b)   Regulations of the Board of Directors of The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., as amended on April 1, 2007. (English Translation)(4)
1 (c)   Regulations on Corporate Meetings of The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., as amended on January 12, 2007. (English Translation)(4)
1 (d)   Regulations on the Handling of Shares of The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., as amended and restated on June 26, 2008. (English Translation)(1)
2     Indenture dated as of February 25, 2000 between The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd. and The Chase Manhattan Bank.(2)
4 (a)   Agreement and Plan of Merger among UnionBanCal Corporation, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. and Merger Sub, dated as of August 18, 2008.(1)
8     Subsidiaries of the Company—see “Item 4.C. Information on the Company—Organizational Structure.”
11     Code of ethics of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. and compliance rules, compliance manual and employee work rules of The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. applicable to its directors and managing officers, including its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. (English translation of relevant sections)(3)
12     Certifications required by Rule 13a-14(a) (17 CFR 240.13a-14(a)) or Rule 15d-14(a) (17 CFR 240.15d-14(a)).(1)
13     Certifications required by Rule 13a-14(b) (17 CFR 240.13a-14(b)) or Rule 15d-14(b) (17 CFR 240.15d-14(b)) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. 1350).(1)

 

(1)   Filed herewith.
(2)   Incorporated by reference from our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on August 17, 2001.
(3)   Incorporated by reference from our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on September 28, 2006.
(4)   Incorporated by reference from our Annual Report on Form 20-F filed on September 21, 2007.