UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.  20549

__________

FORM 10-Q

[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019 

OR

[  ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 1-10153

HOMEFED CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its Charter)

Delaware  (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	33-0304982 (I.R.S. Employer
1903 Wright Place, Suite 220, Carlsbad, California (Address of principal executive offices)	Identification Number) 92008 (Zip Code)

(760) 918-8200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

______________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

YES X NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this Chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

YES X NO

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer  ☐	Accelerated filer   x	Non-accelerated filer    ☐
Smaller reporting company  x	Emerging growth company  ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

YES NO X

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: On April 26, 2019, there were 15,500,246 outstanding shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, par value $.01 per share.

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Part I -FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

HOMEFED CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 

(Dollars in thousands, except par value)

(Unaudited)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
ASSETS
Real estate held for development	$	335,018	$	328,239
Real estate held for investment, net	38,005		37,962
Cash and cash equivalents	80,245		63,053
Contract assets	5,460		11,084
Equity method investments	94,927		93,170
Accounts receivable, deposits and other assets	14,643		20,790
Intangible assets, net	1,009		1,054
Net deferred tax asset	40,370		38,656
TOTAL	$	609,677	$	594,008
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	40,956	$	38,674
Below market lease contract intangibles, net	1,315		1,377
Non-refundable option payments	85		85
Liability for environmental remediation	1,450		1,452
Accrued interest payable	108		72
Other liabilities	5,450		4,617
Long-term debt, net	105,287		88,773
Total liabilities	154,651		135,050
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 15)
EQUITY
Common stock, $.01 par value; 25,000,000 shares authorized; 15,500,246 shares outstanding after deducting 398,663 shares held in treasury	155		155
Additional paid-in capital	602,147		602,031
Accumulated deficit	(150,521)		(147,039)
Total HomeFed Corporation common shareholders' equity	451,781		455,147
Noncontrolling interest	3,245		3,811
Total equity	455,026		458,958
TOTAL	$	609,677	$	594,008

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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HOMEFED CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations

For the periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	2019		2018
REVENUES
Sales of real estate	$	25,792	$	33,998
Contract service revenues	54		11,506
Rental income	2,640		5,889
Co-op marketing and advertising fees	15		130
	28,501		51,523
EXPENSES
Cost of sales	20,138		15,835
Contract service expenses	54		11,506
Rental operating expenses	1,073		4,208
General and administrative expenses	7,216		5,185
Depreciation and amortization	476		857
Administrative services fees to Jefferies Financial Group Inc.	45		45
	29,002		37,636
Income (loss) from operations before losses from equity method investments	(501)		13,887
Losses from equity method investments	(5,348)		(1,378)
Income (loss) from operations	(5,849)		12,509
Interest and other income	426		108
Income (losses) before income taxes and noncontrolling interest	(5,423)		12,617
Income tax benefit (provision)	2,275		(3,806)
Net income (loss)	(3,148)		8,811
Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest	(334)		(19)
Net income (loss) attributable to HomeFed Corporation common shareholders	$	(3,482)	$	8,792
Basic and diluted earnings (losses) per common share attributable to HomeFed Corporation common shareholders	$	(0.22)	$	0.57

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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HOMEFED CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

For the periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 

(In thousands, except par value)

(Unaudited)

	HomeFed Corporation Common Shareholders
	Common Stock $.01 Par Value		AdditionalPaid-In Capital		AccumulatedDeficit		Subtotal		Noncontrolling Interest		Total
Balance January 1, 2018	$	155	$	600,308	$	(148,199)	$	452,264	$	5,106	$	457,370
Cumulative effect of the adoption of accounting standards					1,228		1,228				1,228
Balance January 1, 2018, as adjusted	155		600,308		(146,971)		453,492		5,106		458,598
Net income					8,792		8,792		19		8,811
Share-based compensation expense			535				535				535
Balance, March 31, 2018	$	155	$	600,843	$	(138,179)	$	462,819	$	5,125	$	467,944
Balance January 1, 2019	$	155	$	602,031	$	(147,039)	$	455,147	$	3,811	$	458,958
Net loss					(3,482)		(3,482)		334		(3,148)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests							—		(900)		(900)
Share-based compensation expense			116				116				116
Balance, March 31, 2019	$	155	$	602,147	$	(150,521)	$	451,781	$	3,245	$	455,026
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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HOMEFED CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	2019		2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)	$	(3,148)	$	8,811
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities:
Losses from equity method investments	5,348		1,378
Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes	(1,714)		3,283
Share-based compensation expense	116		800
Depreciation and amortization of property, equipment and leasehold improvements	50		79
Gain on sale of Rampage property	—		(17,293)
Other amortization	376		1,102
Distributions from equity method investments	1,155		701
Development costs in excess of Cost Cap	(6,790)		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Real estate, held for development	(3,779)		(9,466)
Real estate, held for investment	(134)		(500)
Contract assets/liabilities	5,624		(6,010)
Accounts receivable, deposits and other assets	2,431		3,950
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(1,762)		(845)
Accrued interest payable	36		(1,248)
Non-refundable option payments	—		20
Liability for environmental remediation	(2)		—
Income taxes payable	3,518		348
Other liabilities	833		(622)
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities	2,158		(15,512)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from sale of Rampage property	—		26,000
Investments in equity method investments	(1,470)		(11)
Capital distributions from equity method investments	—		82,000
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	(1,470)		107,989
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Issuance of long-term debt	18,500		7,000
Payment of debt issuance costs	(1,096)		(13)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(900)		—
Net cash provided by financing activities	16,504		6,987
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	17,192		99,464
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	63,053		43,100
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	80,245	$	142,564
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid (refunded) for income taxes, net of tax refunds	$	(3,446)	$	325
Cash paid for interest (net of amounts capitalized)	$	—	$	—
Non-cash operating activities:
Project development costs incurred that remain payable at end of period	$	25,029	$	17,851
Non-cash financing activities:
Cashless exercise of stock options to purchase common shares	$	—	$	69
Debt issuance costs incurred but not paid yet	$	1,772	$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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HOMEFED CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

1.   Recent Developments

As previously disclosed, on April 12, 2019, HomeFed Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“HomeFed”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Jefferies Financial Group Inc., a New York corporation (“Jefferies”). On May 2, 2019 we amended the Merger Agreement. Pursuant to the amended Merger Agreement, we will be merged with and into a subsidiary of Jefferies and our shareholders on the record date will cease being our shareholders and will receive two shares of Jefferies common stock for each one share of our common stock held. The transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement were reviewed, approved and recommend to the HomeFed Board of Directors for approval by the special committee of independent directors appointed by the HomeFed Board of Directors who, in consultation with independent financial and legal advisors, are responsible for reviewing and evaluating Jefferies’ proposal and the terms of the Merger Agreement. Completion of the merger is subject to customary closing conditions, a number of which are not within our control, and it is possible that such conditions may prevent, delay or otherwise materially adversely affect the completion of the merger. These conditions include, among other things, approval by a majority of our stockholders (excluding Jefferies and its affiliates). Following the merger, shares of HomeFed Common Stock will no longer be quoted on the OTCQB Marketplace, there will be no public market for shares of HomeFed Common Stock, and registration of shares of HomeFed Common Stock under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 will be terminated. If the merger is not completed for any reason, we will remain a public company. 

2.   Accounting Developments

The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements, which reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items or items discussed herein) that management believes necessary to fairly state results of interim operations, should be read in conjunction with the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (including the Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) included in our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, which are included in our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K for such year (the “2018 10-K”).  Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of annual results of operations. The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018 was extracted from the audited annual consolidated financial statements and does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for annual financial statements.

There is no other comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, other than the following, there were no significant updates made to the Company’s significant accounting policies. The accounting policy changes are attributable to the adoption of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) guidance on Revenue from Contracts with Customers (the "new revenue standard"). These revenue recognition policy updates are applied prospectively in our financial statements from January 1, 2018 forward using the modified retrospective approach. Reported financial information for the historical comparable period was not revised and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect during the historical periods.

Accounting Developments - Adopted Accounting Standards

Leases. In February 2016, the FASB issued new guidance that affects the accounting and disclosure requirements for leases. The FASB requires the recognition of all leases that are longer than one year onto the balance sheet, which will result in the recognition of a right of use asset and a corresponding lease liability. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. We adopted the lease standard, including certain practical expedients, at the beginning of the first quarter of 2019 and recorded an adjustment of  $1,930,000 for the right of use asset and an adjustment of $1,950,000 for the lease liability. The right of use asset is determined by calculating the present value of future payments due under the lease

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discounted using an incremental borrowing rate and further adjusted for prepaid rent and certain lease incentives that were outstanding upon adoption.

The right of use asset is included in Accounts receivable, deposits and other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The lease liability of $1,950,000 is representative of the present value of future payments due under the lease, discounted using the incremental borrowing rate. The lease liability will be increased by accreted interest at the incremental borrowing rate and reduced by future payments made under the lease obligation. The lease liability is included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The impact to to the consolidated statement of income and cash flows were not material. 

Revenue Recognition. In May 2014, the FASB issued new guidance that defines how companies report revenues from contracts with customers, and also requires enhanced disclosures. The core principle of this new guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. In addition, the FASB issued guidance on gain or loss from the derecognition of nonfinancial assets which would include real estate. We have adopted both of the new standards as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach and recorded cumulative earnings to our opening accumulated deficit of $1,250,000, which is net of taxes of $550,000. Accordingly, the new revenue standard is applied in our financial statements from January 1, 2018 forward and reported financial information for historical comparable periods is not revised and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect during those historical periods. Our implementation efforts included the identification of revenue streams within the scope of the guidance and the evaluation of certain revenue contracts.

The impact of adoption is primarily related to real estate revenues that were deferred on open sales contracts as of December 31, 2017 under the previously existing accounting guidance, which would have been recognized in prior periods under the new revenue standard and costs to complete related to the previously deferred revenue that are not related to performance obligations under the contract with the customer but are costs associated with completion of real estate improvements that would have been expensed in prior periods under the new revenue standard. The impact of the adoption is also related to the timing of recognition of fee income. The new revenue guidance does not apply to revenue associated with leasing activities or interest income. The new revenue standard primarily impacts the following revenue recognition and presentation accounting policies:

•Real estate sales revenues. Revenues from the sales of real estate are recognized at a point in time when the related transaction is completed.  The majority of our real estate sales of land, lots, and homes transfer the goods and services to the customer ("buyer") at the close of escrow when title transfers to the buyer and the buyer has the benefit and control of the goods and services.  If performance obligations under the contract with the customer related to a parcel of land, lot or home are not yet complete when title transfers to the buyer, revenue associated with the incomplete performance obligation is deferred until the performance obligation is completed. 

• Real estate sales revenues - variable. Revenues under real estate contracts with customers that are associated with price or profit participation were historically recognized as participation thresholds were met by the customer.  Under the new revenue standard, revenue from these activities is recognized at a point in time when the related transaction is complete, performance obligations by us have been met, and only to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the estimated amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainties with respect to the amount are resolved. 

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•Real estate costs to complete. Costs to complete improvements related to sold real estate was not expensed until the work was complete under the previously existing guidance and revenue associated with the costs to complete was deferred until the work was complete under the percentage of completion method.  Under the new revenue standard, costs to complete improvements that are associated with the sold real estate but do not transfer to the customer as performance obligations under the terms of the contract are estimated at the completion of the real estate transaction and expensed as a cost of the sale. 

•Co-op marketing and advertising fees. Co-op marketing fees were recognized at the time of sale of a home by our builder customer to a homebuyer under the previously existing accounting guidance.  Under the new revenue standard, the co-op fees are recognized over time as performance obligations by us are met, generally the term of the master marketing program that relates to the sales period for the home product being sold by our builder customer. 

•Contract service revenues. Under our limited liability company agreements with our builder partners at the Village of Escaya project, we will earn overhead management fees and marketing fees based on a percentage of the retail sales prices under homebuyer contracts.  We will also recognize contract service revenues over time as our performance obligations are met, generally the anticipated term of our oversight of the infrastructure improvements for the Village of Escaya. We also earn revenue from the initial land sale together with the performance obligation to complete improvements over time as the performance obligation is satisfied.

Cash Flow Classifications. In August 2016, the FASB issued new guidance to reduce the diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The guidance adds or clarifies guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. In November 2016, the FASB issued new guidance on restricted cash. The guidance requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. We adopted this guidance in the first quarter of 2018.

Accounting Developments- Accounting Standards to be Adopted in Future Periods

Consolidation. In October 2018, the FASB issued new guidance which requires indirect interests held through related parties under common control arrangements be considered on a proportional basis for determining whether fees paid to decision makers and service providers are variable interests. The guidance is effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. We are currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on our consolidated financial statements.

3.   Intangibles, Net

As more fully discussed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, intangible assets include above market leases and leases in place and intangible liabilities include below market leases which were recorded at fair value when we acquired substantially all of the real estate properties and operations of Leucadia National Corporation, now known as Jefferies Financial Group Inc. ("Jefferies"), the membership interests in Brooklyn Renaissance Plaza ("BRP Holding") and Brooklyn Renaissance Hotel LLC ("BRP Hotel") and cash in exchange for 7.5 million of our common shares (the "Acquisition") during 2014.

A summary of intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		Amortization (in years)
Above market lease contracts, net of accumulated amortization of $10,527 and $10,513	$	347	$	361	1 to 24
Lease in place value, net of accumulated amortization of $3,424 and $3,393	662		693		1 to 24
Intangible assets, net	$	1,009	$	1,054
Below market lease contracts, net of accumulated amortization of $4,273 and $4,211	$	1,315	$	1,377	1 to 24

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The amortization of above and below market lease contracts is recognized in Rental income.  Above market lease values are amortized over the remaining terms of the underlying leases, and below market lease values are amortized over the initial terms plus the terms of any below market renewal options of the underlying leases. The amortization of lease in place intangible assets is reflected in Depreciation and amortization expenses and amortized over the life of the related lease.

Amortization expense related to above market lease contracts recognized in Rental income was $10,000 and$500,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense recognized in Rental income for the above market lease intangible assets is as follows: remainder of 2019 - $50,000; 2020 - $50,000; 2021 - $50,000; 2022 - $50,000; 2023 - $50,000 and thereafter - $150,000.

Amortization expense on lease in place intangible assets was $50,000 and $150,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense for the lease in place intangible asset for each of the next five years is as follows: remainder of 2019 - $50,000; 2020 - $100,000; 2021 - $100,000; 2022 - $100,000; 2023 - $50,000 and thereafter - $300,000.

Negative amortization expense related to below market lease contracts recognized in Rental income was $50,000 and $200,000 for three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The estimated future negative amortization expense recognized in Rental income for the below market lease intangible assets is as follows: remainder of 2019 - $(150,000); 2020 - $(200,000); 2021 - $(200,000); 2022 - $(100,000); 2023 - $(100,000) and thereafter - $(500,000).  

4.   Equity Method Investments

RedSky JZ Fulton Investors:

On December 13, 2018, we formed a joint venture partnership with RedSky JZ Fulton Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“RS JZ”), for the acquisition and possible redevelopment of a development site located on the Fulton Mall corridor in Downtown Brooklyn, New York. The property consists of 15 separate tax lots, divided into two premier development sites which may be redeveloped with buildings consisting of up to 540,000 square feet of floor area development rights. RS JZ is itself a joint venture consisting of RedSky Capital, LLC (“RedSky”), a Brooklyn-based real estate developer, and JZ Capital Partners Limited (“JZ”), a London-based investment company.

Pursuant to that certain Contribution Agreement, dated as of December 10, 2018 (the "Contribution Agreement"), among RS JZ, HF Fulton Street Holdings LLC (“HF Fulton”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of HomeFed, and RedSky JZ Fulton Investors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Joint Venture”), HomeFed contributed initial capital in the amount of $52,500,000 and an additional $1,450,000 of capital in January 2019 to the Joint Venture. As consideration for the capital contribution, RS JZ caused the Joint Venture to issue to HF Fulton a membership interest in the Joint Venture consisting of 49% of the total membership interests in the Joint Venture. RS JZ holds the remaining 51% membership stake in the Joint Venture. The Contribution Agreement includes customary representations and warranties by RS JZ in favor of HF Fulton as to the state of title and other matters affecting title to the Real Property, and as to the assets and liabilities of the Joint Venture. The Contribution Agreement also includes customary representations and warranties as to the assets and liabilities of the two wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Joint Venture which own fee title to the Real Property.

At the December 10, 2018 closing under the Contribution Agreement, RS JZ and HF Fulton executed and delivered to each other a Sixth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Joint Venture (the “Operating Agreement”). RedSky Fulton Tier II LLC (“Manager”), an affiliate of RedSky, is also a party to the Operating Agreement, in its capacity as the “Manager” of the Joint Venture. Pursuant to the Operating Agreement, Manager is responsible for the day to day management of the Joint Venture. However, neither Manager nor the Joint Venture may undertake, without the consent of the Joint Venture’s “Executive

9

Committee”, any decision designated as a “Major Decision” by the Operating Agreement. “Major Decisions” include, without limitation, the acquisition of additional real property, adoption of a business plan by the Joint Venture, the adoption of operating and construction budgets, decisions to call for additional capital contributions, decisions to redevelop the Real Property with new buildings and improvements, decisions to sell or finance the Real Property and decisions to enter into space leases with third-party tenants. The Executive Committee of the Joint Venture is comprised of three representatives, one appointed by RedSky, a second appointed by JZ and a third appointed by HomeFed.

RedSky JZ Fulton Investors is considered a variable interest entity ("VIE"). We have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of RedSky JZ Fulton Investors because our economic interest is 49%, the assets are managed by RedSky, and major decisions are decided by an executive committee of which we share joint control. Therefore, we do not consolidate RedSky JZ Fulton Investor and we account for our equity interest under the equity method of accounting as of December 31, 2018. Our maximum exposure to loss as a result of our involvement with RedSky JZ Fulton Investors is limited to our capital contribution of $53,950,000.

Otay project:

In January 2017, we recorded the final map that subdivided the approximately 450-acre parcel of land in the Otay Ranch General Plan Area of Chula Vista, California, which is now known as the Village of Escaya. We formed three limited liability companies (each a “Builder LLC”) to own and develop 948 homes within Escaya and entered into individual operating agreements with each of the three builders as members of each Builder LLC. On January 5, 2017, we made an aggregate capital contribution valued at $20,000,000 of unimproved land and $13,200,000 of completed infrastructure improvements to the three Builder LLCs, representing land and completed improvement value at inception of the Builder LLCs. The builders made a cash contribution of $20,000,000 and $2,250,000 of capitalizable land improvements in January 2017 upon final map subdivision and entry into their respective Builder LLCs, which was used to fund infrastructure costs completed by us. Although each of the three Builder LLCs is considered a variable interest entity, we do not consolidate any of them since we are not deemed to be the primary beneficiary as we share joint control with each Builder LLC through a management committee and we lack authority over establishing home sales prices and accepting offers.

Our maximum exposure to loss is limited to our equity commitment in each Builder LLC. Additionally, we are responsible for the remaining cost of developing the community infrastructure with funding guaranteed by us under the respective operating agreements for which we received a capital credit of $78,600,000 ("Cost Cap"), and we are responsible for any costs in excess of this limit to complete the community infrastructure. As of March 31, 2019, the cost of infrastructure improvements in the Village of Escaya that is attributable to the Builder LLCs exceeded the Cost Cap by $16,550,000 ($6,800,000 occurred during the first quarter of 2019), and we expect to incur additional costs until we complete our infrastructure obligations. The builders are responsible for the construction and the selling of the 948 homes with funding guaranteed by their respective parent entities.

We are contractually obligated to obtain infrastructure improvement bonds on behalf of each Builder LLC. See Note 15 for more information.

Brooklyn Renaissance Plaza and Hotel:

We own a 61.25% membership interest in BRP Holding. Although we have a majority interest, we concluded that we do not have control but only have the ability to exercise significant influence on this investment.  As such, we account for BRP Holding under the equity method of accounting.  We also own a 25.8% membership interest in BRP Hotel, which we account for under the equity method of accounting.

Summarized financial information:

Under the equity method of accounting, our share of the investee’s underlying net income or loss is recorded as income (loss) from equity method investments.  The recognition of our share of the investees’ results takes into

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account any special rights or priorities of investors and book basis differences; accordingly, we employ the hypothetical liquidation at book value model to calculate our share of the investees’ profits or losses.

At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our equity method investments are comprised of the following (in thousands):

	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
RedSky JZ Fulton Investors	$	53,943	$	52,522
BRP Holding	9,636		8,136
BRP Hotel	16,762		17,963
Builder LLCs	14,586		14,549
Total	$	94,927	$	93,170

On February 28, 2018, BRP Holding satisfied, in full, the $8,750,000 principal balance of a portion of the self-amortizing New York City Industrial Revenue Bonds, with the proceeds of a new $198,350,000 fully amortizing 21-year structured lease-back financing. Approximately $157,250,000 of the proceeds was distributed to members of which we received $82,000,000 as a BRP Holding distribution that was used, in part, to fully satisfy our outstanding preferred equity balances for BRP Holding and BRP Hotel, and $6,000,000 for the satisfaction of a receivable under the pooling agreement with BRP Leasing.

Income (losses) from equity method investments includes the following for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	2019		2018
RedSky JZ Fulton Investors	$	(49)	$	—
BRP Holding	1,500		(7,721)
BRP Hotel	(1,202)		3,632
Builder LLCs (1)	(5,597)		2,711
Total	$	(5,348)	$	(1,378)

⁽¹⁾ As of March 31, 2019, we exceeded the reimbursement limit related to infrastructure costs of $78,600,000 with the Builder LLCs by $16,550,000 ($6,800,000 occurred during the first quarter of 2019) for which we don't receive an incremental claim to additional capital of the Builder LLCs. We initially exceeded the reimbursement limit in the third quarter of 2018, and therefore, the cost overruns are adversely affecting our share of the profit from the Builder LLCs during the three month 2019 period.

The following table provides summarized data with respect to our equity method investments as of March 31, 2019 and 2018 and for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	2019		2018
Assets	$	606,897	$	429,087
Liabilities	496,594		366,573
	For the three months ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Total revenues	$	54,036	$	62,736
Income from continuing operations before extraordinary items	2,699		6,376
Net income	2,699		6,376

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5.   Leases

Lessee activity:

We have entered into an operating lease for our corporate headquarters in Carlsbad, California. Our lease has a remaining term of approximately six years with the ability to extend the lease term an additional five years. We have not recognized option periods under the lease as part of the right of use asset or lease liability as it is not reasonably certain that the option periods will be exercised. The right of use asset will be amortized over the term of the lease on a straight-line basis to rent expense, adjusted for interest accretion at the incremental borrowing rate. The lease liability will be increased by accreted interest at the incremental borrowing rate and reduced by future payments made under the lease obligation.

Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of minimum lease payments over the lease term. We determine the present value of payments under a lease based on our incremental borrowing rate as of the lease commencement date. The incremental borrowing rate is equal to the rate of interest that we would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term in an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Our incremental borrowing rate of 4.26% is a quoted rate from a banking institution and is representative of a rate of lending under similar terms as those outlined in the lease including term, type of asset, and total commitment. For operating leases that commenced prior to our adoption of the new lease guidance, we measured the lease liabilities and right-of-use assets using our incremental borrowing rate as of January 1, 2019.

As of March 31, 2019, we have a right of use asset of $1,850,000 and we have an operating lease liability of $1,950,000 consisting of operating lease liabilities of $1,910,000 and accounts payable and accrued expenses of $40,000. The right of use asset is included in Accounts receivable, deposits and other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, and the lease liability is included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The maturity of our operating lease as of March 31, 2019 is as follows (in thousands):

Remainder of 2019	$	230
2020	356
2021	366
2022	371
2023	388
Thereafter	469
Total lease payments	$	2,180
Less: imputed interest	(270)
Present value of lease liabilites	$	1,910

Our operating lease expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $90,000.

Lessor activity:

We lease office, retail and residential space to customers related to our real estate held for investment primarily at The Market Common. All of our leases are accounted as operating leases. Lessor accounting for operating leases has remained substantially the same compared to the prior standard. However, leasing costs that were previously eligible for capitalization such as initial direct costs are immediately expensed under the new guidance.

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6.   Debt

Construction loans:

In March 2018, we entered into construction loan agreements for $58,850,000, the proceeds of which will be used for the construction of the town center portion of the Village of Escaya known as The Residences and Shops at Village of Escaya, which is comprised of 272 apartments, approximately 20,000 square feet of retail space, and a 10,000 square foot community facility building. The outstanding principal amount of the loan will bear interest at 30-day LIBOR plus 3.15%, subject to adjustment on the first of each calendar month, and the loan is collateralized by the property underlying the related project with a guarantee by us. Monthly draws are permitted under the loan agreement once evidence of our investment into the project reaches $35,000,000, including land value. As of April 26, 2019, no amounts have been drawn under the loan. The loan matures on March 1, 2021 with one 12-month extension subject to certain extension conditions as set forth in the loan agreements.

EB-5 Program:

We intend to fund our Otay Land project in part by raising funds under the Immigrant Investor Program administered by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services ("USCIS") pursuant to the Immigration and Nationality Act ("EB-5 Program"). This program was created to stimulate the U.S. economy through the creation of jobs and capital investments in U.S. companies by foreign investors. The program allocates a limited number of immigrant visas per year to qualified individuals seeking lawful permanent resident status on the basis of their investment in a U.S. commercial enterprise. Regional centers are organizations, either publicly owned by cities, states or regional development agencies or privately owned, which facilitate investment in job-creating economic development projects by pooling capital raised under the EB-5 Program. Geographic areas within regional centers that are rural areas or areas experiencing unemployment numbers higher than the national unemployment average rates are designated as Targeted Employment Areas (“TEA”). The EB-5 program is set to expire on September 30, 2019. Various reforms and bills have been proposed and are expected to be considered by Congress in 2019.

EB-5 Program - The Village of Escaya:

In February 2017, we formed Otay Village III Lender, LLC, which is intended to serve as a new commercial enterprise (“NCE”) under the EB-5 Program. The NCE is managed by Otay Village III Manager, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of HomeFed. The NCE raised $125,000,000 by offering 250 units to qualified accredited EB-5 investors for a subscription price of $500,000 per unit, which is the minimum investment that an investor in a TEA project is required to make pursuant to EB-5 Program rules. The proceeds of the offering will be used to repay any outstanding bridge loan provided by HomeFed to its wholly owned subsidiary HomeFed Village III LLC, a job creating entity under the EB-5 Program, and to fund infrastructure costs related to the development of the Village of Escaya.

EB-5 Program - The Village 8 West (Cota Vera):

In July 2018, we formed Otay Village 8 Lender, LLC, which is intended to serve as a NCE under the EB-5 Program. The NCE is managed by Otay Village 8 Manager, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of HomeFed. The NCE is seeking to raise up to $134,000,000 by offering up to 268 units in the NCE to qualified accredited EB-5 investors for a subscription price of $500,000 per unit. The proceeds from the offering will be used to repay any outstanding bridge loan provided by HomeFed to its wholly owned subsidiary HomeFed Village 8, LLC, a job creating entity under the EB-5 Program, and to fund infrastructure costs related to the development of Cota Vera.

Each NCE has offered the units to investors primarily located in China, Vietnam, South Korea and India either directly or through relationships with agents qualified in their respective countries, in which case the NCE will pay an agent fee. Once an investor’s subscription and funds are accepted by the NCE, the investor must file an I-526 petition with the USCIS seeking approval of the investment’s suitability under the EB-5 Program requirements and the investor’s suitability and source of funds. All investments are held in an escrow account and will not be released until the investor files their I-526 petition with the USCIS and we have identified and

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provided collateral to secure the amount of the funds drawn from escrow. Prior to approval by the USCIS, funds may be drawn from the escrow account with a HomeFed guarantee that funds will be returned in the event the EB-5 projects are not approved. In December 2017, the Village of Escaya project was approved by the USCIS. The Cota Vera project has been submitted for approval by the USCIS. Each loan term is 5 years with two one-year options to extend by us with principal due in full at maturity. The effective interest rate is approximately 3.5%, payable as certain milestones are achieved according to various agreements with agents and investors.

At March 31, 2019, we have a $123,500,000 principal amount outstanding under the Village of Escaya EB-5 Program. There are no amounts outstanding under the Cota Vera EB-5 Program.

At March 31, 2019, we are in compliance with all debt covenants which include, among other requirements, limitations on incurrence of debt, collateral requirements and restricted use of proceeds.

Real estate held for development includes capitalized interest, including amortization of issuance costs and debt discount, of $950,000 and $1,800,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Debt is presented on the Balance Sheet net of issuance costs of $18,200,000 and $16,200,000 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

7.   Income Taxes

During the first quarter of 2019, we recorded a $400,000 benefit as a result of the expiration of certain state and local statutes of limitation. The aggregate amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions at March 31, 2019 was $450,000 (including $100,000 for interest). If recognized, such amounts would lower our effective tax rate. We recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. No material penalties were accrued for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. 

The statute of limitations with respect to the Company’s federal income tax returns has expired for all years through 2014, and with respect to California state income tax returns through 2013. We are currently under examination by the City of New York for the year ended 2014. We do not expect that resolution of this examination will have a significant effect on our consolidated financial position, but it could have a significant impact on the consolidated results of operations for the period in which resolution occurs.

8.   Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share

Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share amounts were calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. The numerators and denominators used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

	2019		2018
Numerator – net income (loss) attributable to HomeFed Corporation common shareholders	$	(3,482)	$	8,792
Denominator for basic earnings per share– weighted average shares	15,500		15,474
Restricted stock units	—		23
Stock options	—		3
Denominator for diluted earnings per share– weighted average shares	15,500		15,500

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For 2019 and 2018, options to purchase 170,000 and 150,000, respectively, weighted-average shares were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share as the result was anti-dilutive.

9.   Fair Value Information

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our principal financial instruments that are not recognized on a recurring basis are as follows (in thousands):

	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	Carrying Amount	Fair Value	Carrying Amount	Fair Value
Financial Liabilities:
Long-term debt:
EB-5 (a)	$105,287	$123,500	$88,773	$105,000

(a) The fair value approximates the principal amount of the EB-5 debt utilizing available market data inputs that are considered level 3 inputs. The difference between carrying amount and fair value is capitalizable debt issuance costs.

No other assets or liabilities were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2019. 

10.   Related Party Transactions

Builder LLCs:

Two of our executive officers are members of the four-member management committee at each Builder LLC and are designated to consider major decisions for each of the three Builder LLCs. Each Builder LLC appointed two members to the management committee, which is controlled jointly by us and the respective builder. HomeFed is contractually obligated to obtain infrastructure improvement bonds on behalf of the Builder LLCs. See Note 15 for more information. HomeFed may also be responsible for the funding of the real estate improvement costs for the infrastructure of the development if our subsidiary that invested in each Builder LLC fails to do so.

Brooklyn Renaissance Plaza:

As more fully discussed in the 2018 10-K, BRP Leasing held a master lease at BRP Holding and subleased the office space to multiple tenants. BRP Leasing was obligated to pay future minimum annual rental expense (exclusive of month-to-month leases, real estate taxes, maintenance and certain other charges). The obligations under the master lease ended October 2018, and leasing activities are now directly managed and handled by BRP Holding. Beginning in November 2018, we recognize income from this office space through BRP Holding under the equity method of accounting. 

Jefferies:

Pursuant to an administrative services agreement, Jefferies provides us certain administrative and accounting services, including providing the services of our Secretary.  Administrative services fee expenses were $45,000 for each of the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The administrative services agreement automatically renews for successive annual periods unless terminated in accordance with its terms. We sublease office space to Jefferies under a sublease agreement through January 2025. Amounts reflected in other income pursuant to this agreement were $4,000 and $3,000, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

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Jefferies is contractually obligated to obtain infrastructure improvement bonds on behalf of the San Elijo Hills project. See Note 15 for more information. 

Berkadia:

Berkadia Commercial Mortgage LLC ("Berkadia") is a commercial mortgage banking and servicing joint venture formed in 2009 with Jefferies and Berkshire Hathaway Inc. During the first quarter of 2018, Berkadia was paid a brokerage advisory fee of $100,000 related to the new construction loan for Village of Escaya and a $400,000 advisory fee related to the refinance of a loan at BRP Holding. Both transactions were approved by the Audit Committee under the Related Party Transaction Policy.

Patrick Bienvenue:

During 2016, we entered into a consulting agreement between us and Patrick Bienvenue, one of our directors, to consult on various projects, primarily SweetBay. The agreement was approved by the Audit Committee pursuant to the Related Party Transaction Policy. During the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we paid Patrick Bienvenue $50,000, and $20,000, respectively, for his services and travel expenses under this agreement.

11.   Revenues from Contracts with Customers

The following table presents our total revenues separated for our revenues from contracts with customers and our other sources of revenues (in thousands):

	2019		2018
Revenues from contracts with customers:
Sales of real estate	$	25,792	$	33,998
Contract service revenues	54		11,506
Co-op marketing and advertising fees	15		130
Total revenues from contracts with customers	25,861		45,634
Other revenues:
Rental income	2,640		5,889
Total revenue from other sources	2,640		5,889
Total revenues	$	28,501	$	51,523

Since January 1, 2018, Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when, or as, we satisfy our performance obligations by transferring the promised goods or services to the customers. A good or service is transferred to a customer when, or as, the customer obtains control of that good or service. A performance obligation may be satisfied over time or at a point in time. Revenue from a performance obligation satisfied over time is recognized by measuring our progress in satisfying the performance obligation in a manner that depicts the transfer of the goods or services to the customer. Revenue from a performance obligation satisfied at a point in time is recognized at the point in time that we determine the customer obtains control over the promised good or service. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those promised goods or services (the “transaction price”). In determining the transaction price, we consider multiple factors, including the effects of variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price only to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainties with respect to the amount are resolved. In

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determining when to include variable consideration in the transaction price, we consider the range of possible outcomes, the predictive value of our past experiences, the time period of when uncertainties expect to be resolved and the amount of consideration that is susceptible to factors outside of our influence, such as market volatility or the judgment and actions of third parties.

Revenues generated through the sales of real estate are our primary source of revenues from contracts with customers. Agreements with customers for these sales typically consist of the type and quantity of real estate to be sold and delivered to the customer, the transaction price for the real estate to be delivered, the closing date when the customer takes control of the real estate, deposit and final payment terms related to the real estate transaction price, performance obligations related to improvements, if any, that will be completed by us, the consideration of any price or profit participation revenue related to the contract, and fee income related to marketing and advertising services. The transaction price associated with the real estate is generally fixed and revenue is recognized at a point in time when the customer takes control of the real estate. The transaction price related to profit or price participation is a variable component of the transaction price and is recognized at the time the customer takes control of the real estate if it can be reasonably estimated and it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of revenue recognized will not occur.

Under our limited liability company agreements with builders at the Village of Escaya project, we earn contract service revenues based on a percentage of the retail home price of the homes sold by the builders to homebuyers. We record the contract service revenues over time as performance obligations are met, generally our obligation of completing the improvements and providing management oversight related to the completion of the infrastructure improvements for Village of Escaya.

Co-op marketing and advertising fee income is calculated based on a percentage of the retail home price for the homes sold by our customers to homebuyers. We record co-op marketing and advertising fee income over time as performance obligations are met, generally the term of the master marketing program that relates to the sales period of the home product being sold by our customer. Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized when, or as, we satisfy our performance obligations by transferring the promised goods or services to the customers. A good or service is transferred to a customer when, or as, the customer obtains control of that good or service. A performance obligation may be satisfied over time or at a point in time. Revenue from a performance obligation satisfied over time is recognized by measuring our progress in satisfying the performance obligation in a manner that depicts the transfer of the goods or services to the customer. Revenue from a performance obligation satisfied at a point in time is recognized at the point in time that we determine the customer obtains control over the promised good or service. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those promised goods or services (the “transaction price”). In determining the transaction price, we consider multiple factors, including the effects of variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price only to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainties with respect to the amount are resolved. In determining when to include variable consideration in the transaction price, we consider the range of possible outcomes, the predictive value of our past experiences, the time period of when uncertainties expect to be resolved and the amount of consideration that is susceptible to factors outside of our influence, such as market volatility or the judgment and actions of third parties.

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Disaggregation of Revenue

The following presents our revenues from contracts with customers disaggregated by project for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	Real Estate Segment
	Otay		San Elijo		Ashville Park		The Market Common		SweetBay		Rampage		BRP Leasing		Pacho		Total Real Estate Segment		Total Corporate Segment		Total
Three month 2019 period
Revenues from contracts with customers:
Sales of real estate	$	—	$	17,527	$	—	$	275	$	7,805	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	25,607	$	—	$	25,607
Profit participation from real estate sales	—		—		—		185		—		—		—		—		185		—		185
Contract service revenues	54		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		54		—		54
Co-op marketing and advertising fees	—		—		15		—		—		—		—		—		15		—		15
Total revenues from contracts with customers	54		17,527		15		460		7,805		—		—		—		25,861		—		25,861
Other revenues:
Rental income	—		—		—		2,535		94		—		—		7		2,636		4		2,640
Total revenue from other sources:	—		—		—		2,535		94		—		—		7		2,636		4		2,640
Total revenues:	$	54	$	17,527	$	15	$	2,995	$	7,899	$	—	$	—	$	7	$	28,497	$	4	$	28,501
Three month 2018 period
Revenues from contracts with customers:
Sales of Real Estate	$	—	$	4,804	$	—	$	250	$	2,831	$	26,000	$	—	$	—	$	33,885	$	—	$	33,885
Profit participation from real estate sales	—		—		—		113		—		—		—		—		113		—		113
Contract service revenues	11,506		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		11,506		—		11,506
Co-op marketing and advertising fees	—		100		30		—		—		—		—		—		130		—		130
Total revenues from contracts with customers	11,506		4,904		30		363		2,831		26,000		—		—		45,634		—		45,634
Other revenues:
Rental income	—		—		—		2,531		67		—		3,281		7		5,886		3		5,889
Total revenue from other sources:	—		—		—		2,531		67		—		3,281		7		5,886		3		5,889
Total revenues:	$	11,506	$	4,904	$	30	$	2,894	$	2,898	$	26,000	$	3,281	$	7	$	51,520	$	3	$	51,523

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Information on Remaining Performance Obligations and Revenue Recognized from Past Performance

We do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations pertaining to contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, revenues related to performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods that were recognized were insignificant.

Upon adoption of the new Revenue Recognition standard beginning on January 1, 2018, performance obligations not yet complete under a contract with the customer related to a parcel of land, lot or home when title transfers to the buyer are recorded as a contract liability (which is reflected in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet), and revenue associated with the incomplete performance obligation is deferred until the performance obligation is completed. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the activity in the contract liability account is as follows (in thousands):

	2019
Contract liability balance at January 1,	$1,008
Performance obligations not yet complete on the date of sale	—
Performance obligations satisfied	(54)
Contract liability balance balance at March 31,	$954

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment by customers. We record a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to payment and we have an unconditional right to payment. Alternatively, when payment precedes the provision of the related services, we record deferred revenue until the performance obligations are satisfied.

We had receivables related to revenues from contracts with customers of $550,000 and $500,000 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. There were no recorded impairment charges related to those receivables during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. 

12.  Interest and Other Income

Other income includes service income related to a utility bundling service agreement with the homeowners at the Ashville Park project. Income of $100,000 and $90,000, respectively, was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Interest and other income includes interest income of $50,000 and $20,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. 

13.  Real Estate Sales Activity

Rampage property:

In January 2018, we closed on the sale of the Rampage property for $26,000,000. The agreement was assigned to a qualified intermediary under an Exchange Agreement to facilitate a 1031 like-kind exchange for tax purposes. In July 2018, we completed the 1031 like-kind exchange and acquired $13,400,000 of replacement property, primarily consisting of improvements at the mixed-use apartment and retail project at the Village of Escaya, and the remaining proceeds of $12,600,000 is no longer restricted and can be used for any business operation. We recorded a gain on the sale of approximately $17,300,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The sale of Rampage property did not meet the GAAP criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation.

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Otay Land project:

The grand opening at the Village of Escaya occurred in June 2017. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, 46 and 59 homes, respectively, were sold through our three limited liability companies, the Builder LLCs, which are joint ventures with three local homebuilders. We apply the equity method of accounting for the activity related to the Builder LLCs.

In the fourth quarter of 2018, we entered into an agreement to sell the 10,000 square feet community facility building in the towncenter area of Village of Escaya for $1,900,000, which is expected to close in 2020 upon completion of the building. We have received a $60,000 option deposit, which is non-refundable if we fulfill our obligations under the agreement and will be applied to reduce the amount due from the buyer at closing.

San Elijo Hills project:

During June 2015, we entered into an agreement with a local San Diego based luxury homebuilder to construct and sell on our behalf, for a fee, up to 58 homes at the San Elijo Hills project.  We received a $500,000 deposit during the third quarter of 2015 which is reflected in Other liabilities.  This deposit is a builder performance deposit that will be fully refundable to the builder after the builder performs all of its requirements under the agreement. Sales began during the second quarter of 2017, and we sold 9 and 3 homes for $17,550,000  and $4,800,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of April 26, 2019, we have entered into agreements to sell 10 single family homes at the San Elijo Hills project under this agreement for aggregate cash proceeds of $18,600,000, which are expected to close in the second and third quarters of 2019.

Ashville Park project:

There were no sales at the Ashville Park project during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The entitlement effort to re-plan Villages C, D and E was impacted by a delay within the City of Virginia Beach. In 2014 and 2016, severe storm events caused regional flooding, and large portions of the City of Virginia Beach’s storm water management system did not perform as expected. In 2016, the City of Virginia Beach hired outside civil engineers to study the system and provide possible solutions. The study is now complete and reveals that significant improvements to the storm water management system within the City of Virginia Beach are needed. In August 2018, the City of Virginia Beach approved our plans for 116 homes in Village C. The approval provides that we dedicate approximately 25 acres of land, which we had planned for 44 homes and open space known as Village D, to the City of Virginia Beach to be used as part of the City storm water management solution.

The Market Common:

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we closed on sales of real estate at The Market Common as follows:

	2019			2018
	Number of units sold	Revenue from contracts with customers		Number of units sold	Revenue from contracts with customers
Single family lots	—	$	—	5	$	250,000
Multi-family lots	9	275,000		—	—
Profit sharing agreements	N/A	200,000		N/A	100,000

As of April 26, 2019, we have entered into an agreement to sell 45 single family lots for $2,250,000 and 109 multi-family lots for $3,000,000 at The Market Common to a homebuilder.  A non-refundable option deposit of $25,000 was transferred from Jefferies to us as part of the Acquisition.

SweetBay project:

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During May 2015, we signed an agreement with a local builder to construct and sell on our behalf, for a fee, up to 127 homes in Phase 1A, which was subsequently amended to add an additional 56 homes in Phase 1B and 69 homes in Phase 1C at the SweetBay project. We sold 23 and 8 single family homes for $7,800,000 and $2,850,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

As of April 26, 2019, we have entered into agreements to sell 40 single family homes at the SweetBay project under this agreement for aggregate cash proceeds of $13,550,000 which are expected to close in 2019 and 2020. 

14. Real Estate Held for Development

We previously reported that we may not develop the Pacho Property unless we are able to obtain fee title from Pacific Gas & Electric (“PG&E”) within a reasonable period of time. The original 99-year lease term to the Pacho Property expires in 2067. The lease includes an option to renew it for an additional 99-year term.

We have made no progress in obtaining the fee title from PG&E. In August 2018, we notified PG&E that we formally exercised the option and that we intend to commence a declaratory relief proceeding to confirm our leasehold is valid until 2166 and is not rendered shorter by the provisions of California Civil Code section 718. In September 2018, PG&E responded and asserted for the first time that it contends California Civil Code section 717 ends the lease in 2019, which we are disputing.

We concluded that our Pacho leasehold was impaired and recorded a $17,450,000 pre-tax charge (the entire carrying value of the leasehold) during 2018, of which $1,750,000 is attributable to the non-controlling interest.

On February 1, 2019, we filed a Complaint for Declaratory Relief and Quiet Title in the San Francisco Superior Court against the lessor, Eureka Energy Company, asking for a determination that the initial term of the lease is valid and enforceable through December 26, 2067 and that the option to renew the lease for an additional 99 years is valid through December 26, 2166. The legal matter was subsequently moved from San Francisco Superior Court to San Luis Obispo County Superior Court. Eureka Energy Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of PG&E. The following day, PG&E filed for bankruptcy protection. Eureka Energy Company was not identified as a debtor in the PG&E bankruptcy. If we are unsuccessful in obtaining a favorable ruling on our claims for declaratory relief, then we believe that we will have recourse to pursue our unrecognized claims against the insurer of the leasehold title and the real estate counsel that represented us in our 2014 purchase of the leasehold interest. However, there is no assurance that we will be successful in these matters.

On May 2, 2019, Eureka filed a general denial to the complaint along with a cross-complaint against us alleging causes of action for declaratory relief and quiet title, the same claims as asserted against Eureka by us. The gravamen of Eureka’s cross-complaint is that the subject lease is agricultural and therefore limited to a term of 51 years.

15.  Commitments and contingencies

In December 2017, we entered into an agreement with a San Diego-based contractor to build the towncenter portion of the Village of Escaya project, known as The Residences and Shops at Village of Escaya, which is comprised of 272 apartments and approximately 20,000 square feet of retail space. The construction commenced in January 2018 and is anticipated to be completed in two years. In the fourth quarter of 2018, the contract became non-cancellable without cause upon completion of the foundations for each of the buildings within the project. As of March 31, 2019, the estimated remaining cost to complete the contract is $40,950,000.

In May 2018, our corporate office lease was amended to add 2,240 square feet of office space and extend the lease through February 28, 2025.

For real estate development projects, we are generally required to obtain infrastructure improvement bonds at the beginning of construction work and warranty bonds upon completion of such improvements.  These bonds are issued by surety companies to guarantee satisfactory completion of a project and provide funds primarily to

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a municipality in the event we are unable or unwilling to complete certain infrastructure improvements.  As we develop the planned area and the municipality accepts the improvements, the bonds are released.  Should the respective municipality or others draw on the bonds for any reason, certain of our subsidiaries would be obligated to pay. 

Specifically for the San Elijo Hills project, Jefferies is contractually obligated to obtain these bonds on behalf of the project pursuant to the terms of agreements entered into when the project was acquired by us. We are responsible for paying all third party fees related to obtaining the bonds.

As of March 31, 2019, the amount of outstanding bonds for each project is as follows:

	Amount of outstanding bonds
Otay Land project	$	50,400,000
San Elijo Hills project	650,000
Ashville Park project	600,000
The Market Common	100,000

We agreed to indemnify Jefferies for certain lease obligations of BRP Leasing that were assumed from a former subsidiary of Jefferies that was sold to a third party prior to the Acquisition.  The former subsidiary of Jefferies remained the primary obligor under the lease obligations and Jefferies agreed to indemnify the third party buyer. Our obligations under the primary lease expired in October 2018 and BRP Leasing will no longer have any indemnity obligations.

We are subject to litigation which arises in the course of our business.  We do not believe that the ultimate resolution of any such matters will materially affect our consolidated financial position, our consolidated results of operations or liquidity.

16. Share-Based Compensation

1999 Stock Incentive Plan:

On August 8, 2018, options to purchase an aggregate of 7,000 shares of Common Stock were granted to the members of the Board of Directors under our 1999 Stock Incentive Plan at an exercise price of $50.50 per share, the market price per share on the grant date. Options granted become exercisable in four equal installments starting one year from date of grant and must be exercised within five years from date of grant and will be expensed equally over the four year vesting period. As of March 31, 2019, 252,400 shares are available under the 1999 Stock Incentive Plan.

2017 RSU Plan:

On August 4, 2017, the Board of Directors adopted an RSU Opportunity Plan (the “2017 RSU Plan”) under which 66,000 shares of Common Stock are authorized for issuance to our executive officers. The restricted stock units (“RSUs”) may be granted at the end of the performance period based on the degree to which performance criteria has been satisfied at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors. The performance period ends on December 31, 2019, and awards will be issued no later than April 1, 2020.

2014 RSU Plan:

On August 13, 2014, the Board of Directors adopted an RSU Opportunity Plan (the "2014 RSU Plan”) under which 100,000 shares of Common Stock were authorized for issuance to our executive officers. Participants were eligible for RSU awards based on satisfaction of performance criteria established by the Board of Directors in 2014. The performance period under the 2014 RSU Plan ended on December 31, 2016. The Board of Directors evaluated the participants' performance against the performance criteria and awarded an aggregate of 75,000 RSUs to the participants on March 15, 2017. Fifty percent of the RSU award under the 2014 RSU Plan vested on December 31, 2017 and the remaining fifty percent vested on December 31, 2018.

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The 2014 RSU grant consisted of two settlement features: (1) 22,500 RSUs settled through the issuance of shares of Common Stock within 30 days of the vesting date; this component is classified as an equity award. The closing price on March 15, 2017 of $44.20 was used to value this component of the award. Stock compensation expense for this component of the award was $250,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018; and (2) 15,000 RSUs settled in cash based on the average closing price over a period of ten trading days immediately preceding the date of declaration which must occur within thirty days of the vesting date. This component is classified as a liability award, which required us to measure the fair value of the award at the end of each reporting period. Using a fair value approach, stock compensation expense for this component of the award was $250,000  for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

17. Segment Information

We currently have two reportable segments—real estate and corporate.  Real estate operations consist of a variety of residential land development projects and commercial properties and other unimproved land, all in various stages of development. Real estate also includes contract service revenues, contract service expenses and the equity method investments in BRP Holding, BRP Hotel, RedSky JZ Fulton Investors and the Builder LLCs in the Otay Land project. Corporate primarily consists of investment income and overhead expenses. Our farming segment, which we no longer report, consisted of the Rampage property which included an operating grape vineyard and an almond orchard under development which was sold in January 2018. Revenue from the sale of the Rampage property is included in our real estate segment.

Certain information concerning our segments for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is presented in the following table (dollars in thousands).

	2019		2018
Revenues:
Real estate	$	28,497	$	51,520
Corporate	4		3
Total consolidated revenues	$	28,501	$	51,523
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income  taxes and noncontrolling interest:
Real estate	$	(1,500)	$	16,266
Corporate	(3,923)		(3,649)
Total consolidated income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and noncontrolling interest	$	(5,423)	$	12,617
Depreciation and amortization expenses:
Real estate	$	459	$	840
Corporate	17		17
Total consolidated depreciation and amortization expenses	$	476	$	857
Identifiable assets employed:	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Real estate	$	546,125	$	531,005
Corporate	63,552		63,003
Total consolidated assets	$	609,677	$	594,008

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Interim Operations.

Statements included in this Report may contain forward-looking statements.  See “Cautionary Statement for Forward-Looking Information” below.  The following should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 (the “2018 10-K”).

Overview

HomeFed Corporation is a developer and owner of residential and mixed-use real estate projects in California, Virginia, South Carolina, Florida, Maine and New York.  After many years in the entitlement process, the majority of our assets are now either operating real estate or entitled land ready for sale.  We may also from time to time investigate and pursue the acquisition of new real estate projects, both residential and commercial. 

Recent Developments

As previously disclosed, on April 12, 2019, HomeFed Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“HomeFed”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Jefferies Financial Group Inc., a New York corporation (“Jefferies”). On May 2, 2019 we amended the Merger Agreement. Pursuant to the amended Merger Agreement, we will be merged with and into a subsidiary of Jefferies and our shareholders on the record date will cease being our shareholders and will receive two shares of Jefferies common stock for each one share of our common stock held. The transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement were reviewed, approved and recommend to the HomeFed Board of Directors for approval by the special committee of independent directors appointed by the HomeFed Board of Directors who, in consultation with independent financial and legal advisors, are responsible for reviewing and evaluating Jefferies’ proposal and the terms of the Merger Agreement. Completion of the merger is subject to customary closing conditions, a number of which are not within our control, and it is possible that such conditions may prevent, delay or otherwise materially adversely affect the completion of the merger. These conditions include, among other things, approval by a majority of our stockholders (excluding Jefferies and its affiliates). Following the merger, shares of HomeFed Common Stock will no longer be quoted on the OTCQB Marketplace, there will be no public market for shares of HomeFed Common Stock, and registration of shares of HomeFed Common Stock under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 will be terminated. If the merger is not completed for any reason, we will remain a public company.

Results of Operations 

We currently have two reportable segments—real estate and corporate.  Real estate operations consist of a variety of residential land development projects and commercial properties and other unimproved land, all in various stages of development. Real estate also includes contract service revenues, contract service expenses and the equity method investments in BRP Holding, BRP Hotel, RedSky JZ Fulton Investors and the Builder LLCs in the Otay Land project. Corporate primarily consists of investment income and overhead expenses. Farming operations were previously a reportable segment which consisted of the Rampage property which included an operating grape vineyard and an almond orchard under development which was sold in January 2018.

Revenues were $28,500,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to $51,500,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Excluding the one-time sale of the Rampage property of $26,000,000 in 2018, revenues increased by $3,000,000. The main drivers are due to increased sales of $12,700,000 at the San Elijo Hills project and $4,950,000 at the SweetBay project, partially offset by reduced contract service revenues of $11,450,000 at the Village of Escaya. Excluding the one-time sale of the Rampage property which yielded a gross margin of $17,300,000 in 2018, loss from operations before losses from equity method investments decreased for the three month 2019 period versus the three month 2018 period primarily attributed to higher gross margins of $3,700,000 related to the San Elijo Hills project. The higher gross margins for the San Elijo Hills project are due to higher sales prices for premium lots and an increase in home buyer upgrades.

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Certain information concerning our segments for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is presented in the following table (dollars in thousands). 

	2019		2018
Revenues:
Real estate	$	28,497	$	51,520
Corporate	4		3
Total consolidated revenues	$	28,501	$	51,523
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and noncontrolling interest:
Real estate	$	(1,500)	$	16,266
Corporate	(3,923)		(3,649)
Total consolidated income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and noncontrolling interest	$	(5,423)	$	12,617

Real Estate

Rampage property:

In January 2018, we closed on the sale of the Rampage property for $26,000,000 which is reflected in Sales of real estate. The agreement was assigned to a qualified intermediary under an Exchange Agreement to facilitate a 1031 like-kind exchange for tax purposes. In July 2018, we completed the 1031 like-kind exchange and acquired $13,400,000 of replacement property, primarily consisting of improvements at the Village of Escaya mixed-use retail and apartment project, and the remaining proceeds of $12,600,000 is no longer restricted and can be used for any business operation. We recorded a gain on the sale of approximately $17,300,000. The sale of Rampage property did not meet the GAAP criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation.

Otay Land Project:

We own approximately 4,450 acres of land within the Otay Ranch community. Approximately 2,800 acres are designated as various qualities of non-developable open space mitigation land. We refer to all of our acreage as our Otay Land project, which is currently approved for approximately 13,050 residential units and 1.85 million square feet of commercial space. The Otay Land project is in the early stages of development and additional permits are in process. Development will occur in phases, or by village. We are currently developing in the first and second of five villages (village three, now known as the Village of Escaya and village eight west, now known as Cota Vera). The Village of Escaya community has 27 model homes currently available for viewing. We have commenced infrastructure improvements in Cota Vera, the second of five villages. Cota Vera is planned for 2,379 residential units to include 809 single family homes, 246 multi-family homes, 285 market rate apartments and 268 affordable apartments with an additional 771 units earmarked for senior housing. The plans for Cota Vera include community serving retail, a school and a fire station.

There is an issue with title to a small portion of Cota Vera related to a 100-foot strip of land approximately two miles in length containing an inactive water line. To clear title, we filed a lawsuit in San Diego Superior Court during February 2019. We are seeking to quiet title by establishing ownership over portions of the 100-foot strip based upon deeds in the chain of title and also through adverse possession. The 100-foot strip was excepted from the land around it in 1912 when it was used as an active pipeline. That use ceased around the year 2000. Our exposure if we are unsuccessful in this litigation will result in additional costs to revise our plans for Cota Vera, the cost of delay while we revise our plans, and a loss of density caused by eliminating units currently planned within the 100-foot strip. At this time, there are too many variables for us to provide an accurate number quantifying these costs.

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There were no sales of real estate at the Otay Land project during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 except for sales at the Village of Escaya that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting which is discussed below.

Contract service revenues and expenses were $50,000 and $11,500,000, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. Under our agreements, we are responsible for the remaining cost of developing the community infrastructure but we also are entitled to receive up to $78,600,000 as reimbursement of development costs as the sale of homes occur at the Village of Escaya. However, we are also responsible for any costs in excess of this limit to complete the community infrastructure.

During the early course of development while constructing the primary access road to the Village of Escaya, we discovered the presence of underground perched groundwater that was impacted with certain petroleum byproducts. We are working with regulatory agencies to investigate the matter and have developed mitigation measures, which are being mitigated through the construction process. Further investigation disclosed that soil vapor in a portion of the Village of Escaya project where homes and apartments are to be constructed was impacted with methane and certain volatile organic compounds (collectively “compounds”). These types of compounds commonly exist in soil vapor and can be mitigated through the construction process. We are working with local authorities and have developed measures to fully mitigate the effect of the impacted soil vapors where they have been detected. The apartment site has been mitigated, and the number of homes that will need mitigation is to be determined as further investigation is conducted while development progresses. Costs associated with mitigation during the homebuilding

process will be shared with the builders through our Builder LLCs.

General and administrative expenses increased by $850,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 due to a $600,000 increase in legal expenses, a $200,000 increase in marketing expenses for the grand opening of the swim club in February 2019 at the Village of Escaya and a $50,000 increase in professional fees related to the EB-5 program.

Income (losses) from equity method investments include $(5,600,000) and $2,700,000 related to the sales activity of the Builders LLCs for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of March 31, 2019, we exceeded the reimbursement limit related to infrastructure costs of $78,600,000 with the Builder LLCs by $16,550,000 ($6,800,000 occurred during the first quarter of 2019) for which we don't receive an incremental claim to additional capital of the Builder LLCs. We initially exceeded the reimbursement limit in the third quarter of 2018, and therefore, this amount only offsets our share of the profit from the Builder LLCs during the three month 2019 period. Home closings began during the first quarter of 2018, and 46 and 59 homes were sold during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

San Elijo Hills Project:

We own 85% of and serve as the development manager for San Elijo Hills, a master-planned community in San Diego County, California, consisting of about 3,500 homes and apartments and a commercial and residential Towncenter.

During June 2015, we entered into an agreement with a local San Diego based luxury homebuilder to construct and sell on our behalf, for a fee, up to 58 homes at the San Elijo Hills project. Sales began during the second quarter of 2017, and we sold 9 and 3 homes for $17,550,000 and $4,800,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Cost of sales related to these sold homes were $12,400,000 and $4,150,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

As of April 26, 2019, we also have 10 homes under contract for aggregate proceeds of $18,600,000, which are expected to close in the second and third quarters of 2019.

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Through March 31, 2019, we have sold 3,445 of the total of 3,461 single family lots and multi-family units and have an agreement in place with a homebuilder to construct and sell on our behalf, for a fee, homes on the remaining 16 single family lots.

We recorded co-op marketing and advertising fee revenue of approximately $0 and $100,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We record these fees pursuant to contractual agreements, which are generally recorded over the term of the master marketing program that relates to the builder's home selling period, and the fees are based upon a fixed percentage of the homes' selling price.

Ashville Park:

Ashville Park is a 450 acre master planned community in Virginia Beach, Virginia, which we are developing in phases. The first two phases, which together consist of 91 finished lots and a 164 lot development, have been sold. There have been delays associated with the City of Virginia Beach’s need to address storm water management issues, causing the timing of our future development to be uncertain. In August 2018, the City of Virginia Beach approved our plans for 116 homes in Village C. The approval provides that we dedicate approximately 25 acres of land, which we had planned for 44 homes and open space known as Village D, to the City of Virginia Beach to be used as part of the City of Virginia Beach's storm water management solution.

There were no sales of residential lots at the Ashville Park project during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. 

We recorded co-op marketing and advertising fee revenue of approximately $15,000 and $30,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We record these fees pursuant to contractual agreements, which are generally recorded over the term of the master marketing program that relates to the builder's home selling period, and the fees are based upon a fixed percentage of the homes’ selling price. 

The Market Common:

The Market Common is a 114 acre mixed-use retail, office and residential lifestyle center in the City of Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, including adjacent land for future commercial and residential development. It includes retail and office space, as well as long term apartments, all of which are about 95% leased.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the rental activity is as follows:

	2019		2018
Rental income	$	2,550,000	$	2,550,000
Amortization of lease intangibles included in rental income	(50,000)		(100,000)
Adjustment for straight-line rental income	(20,000)		(70,000)
Rental operating expenses	$	1,050,000	$	1,050,000

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For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we have closed on sales of real estate as follows:

	2019			2018
	Number of units sold	Revenue from contracts with customers		Number of units sold	Revenue from contracts with customers
Single family lots	—	$	—	5	$	250,000
Multi-family lots	9	275,000		—	—

Revenues from sales of real estate at The Market Common also include amounts recognized pursuant to revenue or profit sharing with a homebuilder of $200,000 and $100,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

As of April 26, 2019, we have entered into an agreement to sell 45 single family lots for $2,250,000 and 109 multi-family lots for $3,000,000 at The Market Common to a homebuilder.  A non-refundable option deposit of $25,000 was transferred from Jefferies to us as part of the Acquisition.

Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased by $250,000 for the three month 2019 periods versus the same period in 2018 due to certain depreciable and amortizable assets being fully depreciated during the second quarter of 2018.

SweetBay project:

The SweetBay project is a 700 acre mixed use master planned community located in Panama City, Florida. The project is entitled for up to 3,200 single family and multi-family units, 700,000 square feet of commercial space, and a marina with up to 117 wet slips and 240 dry docks. Development has begun in a portion of Phase 1 of the community consisting of 252 single family homes, which are currently being built for us by a local homebuilder, for a fee, with ten model homes and the welcome center now open.

We sold 23 and 8 single family homes for $7,800,000 and $2,850,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Cost of sales of real estate was $7,500,000 and $2,750,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

As of April 26, 2019, we have entered into agreements to sell 40 single family homes at the SweetBay project for aggregate cash proceeds of $13,550,000 which are expected to close in 2019 and 2020.

In October 2018, Hurricane Michael passed through Panama City, Florida causing extensive damage to the region. The SweetBay project was adversely impacted by the hurricane, and damage assessment is ongoing. While damage to the SweetBay project is not as extensive as other surrounding areas, the time period it will take for the SweetBay project and the Panama City area to recover is uncertain. During the first quarter of 2019, we incurred $400,000 of repair expense related to this natural disaster and we expect to incur additional repairs but the amount remains uncertain. During the first quarter of 2019, we received $200,000 from insurance carriers as partial recovery under two claims related to the hurricane damage.

General and administrative expenses increased by $850,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, as compared to the same period in 2018 primarily due to $400,000 of increased marketing efforts related to the release of additional homes available for sale and expanding advertising efforts to a broader market,

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$400,000 of increased repairs and maintenance expenses due to the clean up from Hurricane Michael and $50,000 of consulting fees paid to Patrick Bienvenue during 2019.

Pacho Project:

The Pacho project is a leasehold interest in approximately 2,369 acres of unentitled property located along the central California coast in San Luis Obispo County, California. We own a 90% controlling interest in the partnerships that are the lessees under a long term lease entered into on December 26, 1968. The lessor is an affiliate of Pacific Gas & Electric (“PG&E”), which owns the nearby Diablo Canyon Power Plant.

We previously reported that we may not develop the Pacho Property unless we are able to obtain fee title from Pacific Gas & Electric (“PG&E”) within a reasonable period of time. The original 99-year lease term to the Pacho Property expires in 2067. The lease includes an option to renew it for an additional 99-year term.

We have made no progress in obtaining the fee title from PG&E. In August 2018, we notified PG&E that we formally exercised the renewal option and that we intended to commence a declaratory relief proceeding to confirm our leasehold is valid until 2166 and is not rendered shorter by the provisions of California Civil Code section 718. In September 2018, PG&E responded and asserted for the first time that it contends California Civil Code section 717 ends the lease in 2019, which we are disputing. 

We concluded that our Pacho leasehold was impaired (the entire carrying value of the leasehold) and recorded a $17,450,000 pre-tax charge during 2018, of which $1,750,000 is attributable to the non-controlling interest in the third quarter of 2018.

On February 1, 2019, we filed a Complaint for Declaratory Relief and Quiet Title in the San Francisco Superior Court against the lessor, Eureka Energy Company, asking for a determination that the initial term of the lease is valid and enforceable through December 26, 2067 and that the option to renew the lease for an additional 99 years is valid through December 26, 2166. The legal matter was subsequently moved from San Francisco Superior Court to San Luis Obispo County Superior Court. Eureka Energy Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of PG&E. The following day, PG&E filed for bankruptcy protection. Eureka Energy Company was not identified as a debtor in the PG&E bankruptcy. If we are unsuccessful in obtaining a favorable ruling on our claims for declaratory relief, then we believe that we will have recourse to pursue our unrecognized claims against the insurer of the leasehold title and the real estate counsel that represented us in our 2014 purchase of the leasehold interest. However, there is no assurance that we will be successful in these matters.

On May 2, 2019, Eureka filed a general denial to the complaint along with a cross-complaint against us alleging causes of action for declaratory relief and quiet title, the same claims as asserted against Eureka by us. The gravamen of Eureka’s cross-complaint is that the subject lease is agricultural and therefore limited to a term of 51 years.

General and administrative expenses increased by $100,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, as compared to the same period in 2018 due to increased legal fees.

Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased by $100,000 for the three month 2019 periods versus the same period in 2018 due to the complete write-off of the Pacho leasehold during the third quarter of 2018.

Brooklyn Renaissance Plaza and Hotel:

Brooklyn Renaissance Plaza is comprised of a 665 room hotel operated by Marriott, an approximately 850,000 square foot office building complex and an 888 space parking garage located in Brooklyn, New York. We own a 25.80% equity interest in the hotel and a 61.25% equity interest in the office building and garage.

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The recognition of our share of the investees’ results takes into account the special rights and priorities of investors and book basis differences; accordingly, we employ the hypothetical liquidation at book value model to calculate our share of the investees’ profits or losses, and additionally, amortizing the difference between the fair value of the assets at the date of acquisition and the historical book basis over the remaining useful life of each asset, to calculate our share of the investment. Since we employ a balance sheet approach and our assets and liabilities were assigned fair values at time of acquisition as a result of purchase accounting, our equity pick up can vastly differ from the investee’s statements of income.

Income (losses) from equity method investments include $1,500,000 and ($7,700,000) at BRP Holding for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Income (losses) from equity method investments were ($1,200,000) and $3,600,000, respectively, at BRP Hotel for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

BRP Leasing:

BRP Leasing was the indirect obligor under a lease through October 2018 of approximately 286,500 square feet of office space at Brooklyn Renaissance Plaza, substantially all of which had been sublet through October 2018. The obligations under the master lease ended October 31, 2018, and leasing activities are now managed and handled by BRP Holding. Beginning in November 2018, we recognize income from the former sublease space through BRP Holding under the equity method of accounting.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the rental activity is as follows:

	2018
Rental income	$	3,300,000
Amortization of lease intangibles included in rental income	400,000
Adjustment for straight-line rental income	100,000
Rental operating expenses	$	3,150,000

Corporate

General and administrative expenses increased by $150,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018. Professional and legal increased by $700,000 due to the potential merger transaction with Jefferies and $150,000 for the Special Committee. Stock compensation decreased by $700,000 related to the grant of RSUs to executive officers in March 2017 which fully vested in December 2018.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, our benefit (provision) for income taxes was $2,300,000 and ($3,800,000), respectively, representing an effective tax rate of 42.0% and (30.2)%, respectively. The rate was higher for the current quarter as a result of a $400,000 benefit recorded as a result of the expiration of certain state and local statutes of limitation.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of funds are cash and cash equivalents, proceeds from the sale of real estate, rental income from leased properties, fee income from certain projects, dividends and tax sharing payments from subsidiaries, interest income, distributions from equity method investments, construction loans (as described below) and financing from the EB-5 Program (see below for more information).

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

Net cash of $2,150,000 was provided by and $15,500,000 was used for operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, cash was used for real estate expenditures on held for development properties. Real estate development ramped up during 2018 at The Village of Escaya and the San Elijo Hills project as more homes were completed for sale and has continued into 2019. Cash was provided by refunds from federal income taxes of $3,450,000 during the three month 2019 period and was used for payments of federal and state income taxes of $350,000 during the three month 2018 period.  

Net cash of $1,450,000 was used for investing activities during the three month 2019 period related to an additional investment in RedSky JZ Fulton Investors. Net cash of $108,000,000 was provided by investing activities during the three month 2018 period consisting of a distribution of $82,000,000 from BRP Plaza related to mortgage refinancing and the proceeds from the sale of Rampage property of $26,000,000.

Net cash of $16,500,000 was provided by financing activities during the three month 2019 period related to the issuance of $18,500,000 principal amount of debt under the EB-5 program while using cash for a $900,000 distribution to a non-controlling interest related to the San Elijo Hills project and payments of debt issuances costs of $1,100,000. Net cash of $7,000,000 was provided by financing activities during the three month 2018 period related to the issuance of $7,000,000 principal amount of debt under the EB-5 program.

Liquidity information:

We expect that our cash and cash equivalents, together with the other sources described above, will be sufficient for both our short and long term liquidity needs. Residential sales at the Otay Land, San Elijo Hills, Ashville Park, The Market Common and the SweetBay projects are expected to be a source of funds to us in the future; however, except as otherwise disclosed, the amount and timing is uncertain. We are not relying on receipt of funds from our other projects for the short and intermediate term, since the timing of development activity and sales of developable and undevelopable property cannot be predicted with any certainty. Except as disclosed herein, we are not committed to acquire any new real estate projects, but we believe we have sufficient liquidity to take advantage of appropriate acquisition opportunities if they are presented.

Option payments are non-refundable if we fulfill our obligations under the agreements and will be applied to reduce the amount due from the purchasers at closing.  Although these agreements are binding on the purchasers, should we fulfill our obligations under the agreements within the specified timeframes and the purchasers decide not to close, our recourse will be primarily limited to retaining the option payments.

As of March 31, 2019, we had consolidated cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash aggregating $80,250,000.

Information about the Otay Land, San Elijo Hills and Ashville Park projects, The Market Common, SweetBay and our other projects is provided below. Because of the nature of our real estate projects, we do not expect operating cash flows will be consistent from year to year.

Otay Land Project:

In January 2017, we recorded the final map that subdivided the approximately 450-acre parcel of land in the Otay Ranch General Plan Area of Chula Vista, California, which is now known as the Village of Escaya. We formed three limited liability companies (each, a "Builder LLC") to own and develop 948 homes within the Village of Escaya and entered into individual operating agreements with each of the three builders as members of the Builder LLCs. On January 5, 2017, we made an aggregate capital contribution valued at $20,000,000 of unimproved land and $13,200,000 of completed infrastructure improvements to the three Builder LLCs, representing land and completed improvement value.  The builders made a cash contribution of $20,000,000 and $2,250,000 of capitalizable land improvements in January 2017 upon final map subdivision and entry into their respective Builder LLCs, which was used to fund infrastructure costs completed by us.

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In March 2018, we entered into $58,850,000 construction loan agreements, the proceeds of which will be used for the construction of the town center portion of the Village of Escaya known as The Residences and Shops at Village of Escaya, which is comprised of 272 apartments, approximately 20,000 square feet of retail space, and a 10,000 square foot community facility building. The outstanding principal amount of the loan will bear interest at 30-day LIBOR plus 3.15%, subject to adjustment on the first of each calendar month, and the loan is collateralized by the property underlying the related project with a guarantee by us. Monthly draws are permitted under the loan agreement once evidence of our investment into the project reaches $35,000,000, including land value. As of April 26, 2019, no amounts have been drawn under the loan. The loan matures on March 1, 2021 with one 12-month extension subject to certain extension conditions as set forth in the loan agreements.

The grand opening of the Village of Escaya occurred in June 2017, and home sales began in January 2018. As of April 26, 2019, 447 homes were sold, and 127 homes are under contract.

Although each of the three Builder LLCs is considered a variable interest entity, we do not consolidate any of them since we are not deemed to be the primary beneficiary as we share joint control of each Builder LLC through a management committee and lack authority over establishing home sales prices and accepting offers. However, since two of our executive officers are members of the four-member management committee at each Builder LLC, designated to consider major decisions for that Builder LLC, we account for them under the equity method of accounting. Our share of the income earned from the sales of built homes in any of these three Builder LLCs will be recorded as income from equity method investments.

Our maximum exposure to loss is limited to our equity commitment in each Builder LLC. Additionally, we are responsible for the remaining cost of developing the community infrastructure with funding guaranteed by us under the respective operating agreements for which we received a capital credit of $78,600,000 ("Cost Cap"). As of March 31, 2019, the cost of infrastructure improvements in the Village of Escaya that is attributable to the Builder LLCs exceeded the Cost Cap by $16,550,000, and we expect to incur additional costs until we complete our infrastructure obligations. The builders are responsible for the construction and the selling of the 948 homes with funding guaranteed by their respective parent entities.

During the early course of development while constructing the primary access road to the Village of Escaya, we discovered the presence of underground perched groundwater that was impacted with certain petroleum byproducts. We are working with regulatory agencies to investigate the matter and have developed mitigation measures, which are being mitigated through the construction process. Further investigation disclosed that soil vapor in a portion of the Village of Escaya project where homes and apartments are to be constructed was impacted with methane and certain volatile organic compounds (collectively “compounds”). These types of compounds commonly exist in soil vapor and can be mitigated through the construction process. We are working with local authorities and have developed measures to fully mitigate the effect of the impacted soil vapors where they have been detected. The apartment site has been mitigated, and the number of homes that will need mitigation is to be determined as further investigation is conducted while development progresses. Costs associated with mitigation during the homebuilding process will be shared with the builders through our Builder LLCs.

We are contractually obligated to obtain infrastructure improvement bonds on behalf of each Builder LLC. See Note 15 of the financial statements for more information.

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EB-5 Program:

We intend to fund our Otay Land project in part by raising funds under the Immigrant Investor Program administered by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services ("USCIS") pursuant to the Immigration and Nationality Act ("EB-5 Program"). This program was created to stimulate the U.S. economy through the creation of jobs and capital investments in U.S. companies by foreign investors. The program allocates a limited number of immigrant visas per year to qualified individuals seeking lawful permanent resident status on the basis of their investment in a U.S. commercial enterprise. Regional centers are organizations, either publicly owned by cities, states or regional development agencies or privately owned, which facilitate investment in job-creating economic development projects by pooling capital raised under the EB-5 Program. Geographic areas within regional centers that are rural areas or areas experiencing unemployment numbers higher than the national unemployment average rates are designated as Targeted Employment Areas (“TEA”). The EB-5 program is set to expire on September 30, 2019. Various reforms and bills have been proposed and will be considered by Congress in the coming months.

EB-5 Program - Village of Escaya:

In February 2017, we formed Otay Village III Lender, LLC, which is intended to serve as a new commercial enterprise (“NCE”) under the EB-5 Program. The NCE is managed by Otay Village III Manager, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of HomeFed. The NCE raised $125,000,000 by offering 250 units in the NCE to qualified accredited EB-5 investors for a subscription price of $500,000 per unit, which is the minimum investment that an investor in a TEA project is required to make pursuant to EB-5 Program rules. The proceeds of the offering will be used to repay any outstanding bridge loan provided by HomeFed to its wholly owned subsidiary HomeFed Village III LLC, a job creating entity under the EB-5 Program, and to fund infrastructure costs related to the development of the Village of Escaya project.

EB-5 Program - Village 8 West (Cota Vera):

In July 2018, we formed Otay Village 8 Lender, LLC, which is intended to serve as a NCE under the EB-5 Program. The NCE is managed by Otay Village 8 Manager, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of HomeFed. The NCE is seeking to raise up to $134,000,000 by offering up to 268 units in the NCE to qualified accredited EB-5 investors for a subscription price of $500,000 per unit. The proceeds from the offering will be used to repay any outstanding bridge loan provided by HomeFed to its wholly owned subsidiary HomeFed Village 8, LLC, a job creating entity under the EB-5 Program, and to fund infrastructure costs related to the development of Cota Vera.

Each NCE has offered the units to investors primarily located in China, Vietnam, South Korea and India either directly or through relationships with agents qualified in their respective countries, in which case the NCE will pay an agent fee. Once an investor’s subscription and funds are accepted by the NCE, the investor must file an I-526 petition with the USCIS seeking approval of the investment’s suitability under the EB-5 Program requirements and the investor’s suitability and source of funds. All investments are held in an escrow account and will not be released until the investor files their I-526 petition with the USCIS and we have identified and provided collateral to secure the amount of the funds drawn from escrow. The funds drawn by us under the Village of Escaya EB-5 Program were guaranteed by us until the project was approved by the USCIS in December 2017 and is collateralized by certain Otay Village property. The loan term is five years with two one-year options to extend by us. The effective interest rate is approximately 3.5%.

At March 31, 2019, we had a $123,500,000 principal amount outstanding under the EB-5 Program. In April 2019, we received $1,500,000 from the Village of Escaya escrow, which represents the final draw under this EB-5 program. As of April 26, 2019, there is $6,850,000 in escrow for the Cota Vera EB-5 Program which cannot be drawn until certain provisions (such as filing of Investor I-526, investor suitability and source of funds) are satisfied.

RedSky JZ Fulton Investors:

In January 2019, We contributed an additional $1,450,000 into RedSky JZ Fulton Investors which is a joint venture partnership consisting of us, RedSky Capital, LLC, a Brooklyn-based real estate developer and JZ Capital Partners Limited, a London-based investment company. The joint venture was formed for the acquisition and possible redevelopment of a development site located on the Fulton Mall corridor in Downtown Brooklyn, New York. The

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property consists of 15 separate tax lots, divided into two premier development sites which may be redeveloped with buildings consisting of up to 540,000 square feet of floor area development rights.

San Elijo Hills Project:

During June 2015, we entered into an agreement with a local San Diego based luxury homebuilder to construct and sell on our behalf, for a fee, up to 58 homes at the San Elijo Hills project. We received a $500,000 deposit during the third quarter of 2015 which is reflected in Other liabilities. This deposit is a builder performance deposit that will be fully refundable to the builder after the builder performs all of its requirements under the agreement. Sales began during the second quarter of 2017, and we sold 9 and 3 homes for $17,550,000 and $4,800,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of April 26, 2019, we have entered into agreements to sell 10 single family homes at the San Elijo Hills project under this agreement for aggregate cash proceeds of $18,600,000, which are expected to begin closing in the second quarter of 2019.

As of March 31, 2019, the remaining land including homes at the San Elijo Hills project to be sold consists of 16 dwelling units (combined single and multi-family lots).

Ashville Park Project:

There were no sales of real estate at the Ashville Park project during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

The Market Common:

Cash proceeds from sales of real estate and other real estate activities at The Market Common during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is comprised of the following:

	2019			2018
	Number of units sold	Revenue from contracts with customers		Number of units sold	Revenue from contracts with customers
Single family lots	—	$	—	5	$	250,000
Multi-family lots	9	275,000		—	—
Profit sharing agreements	N/A	200,000		N/A	100,000

As of April 26, 2019, we have entered into an agreement to sell 45 single family lots for $2,250,000 and 109 multi-family lots for $3,000,000 at The Market Common to a homebuilder.  A non-refundable option deposit of $25,000 was transferred from Jefferies to us as part of the Acquisition.

SweetBay project:

During May 2015, we signed an agreement with a local builder to construct and sell on our behalf, for a fee, up to 127 homes in Phase 1A, which was subsequently amended to add an additional 56 homes in Phase 1B and 69 homes in Phase 1C at the SweetBay project.

We sold 23 and 8 single family homes for $7,800,000 and $2,850,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of April 26, 2019, we have entered into agreements to sell 40 single family homes at the SweetBay project for aggregate cash proceeds of $13,550,000 which are expected to close in 2019.

Rampage property:

In July 2018, we completed the 1031 like-kind exchange and acquired $13,400,000 of replacement property, primarily consisting of improvements at the mixed-use apartment and retail project at the Village of Escaya, and the remaining proceeds of $12,600,000 is no longer restricted and can be used for any business operation.

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Other projects:

In April 2015, we entered into a $15,000,000 revolving line of credit agreement.  The draw period was set to expire on January 1, 2021, and the loan would have matured on January 1, 2035. The revolving line of credit was terminated upon the sale of the Rampage property in January 2018. There was also a $3,000,000 operational line of credit available that was secured by the Rampage property’s crops and matured on January 1, 2018. No amounts were drawn under either line of credit.

Cautionary Statement for Forward-Looking Information 

Statements included in this Report may contain forward-looking statements.  Such statements may relate, but are not limited, to projections of revenues, income or loss, development expenditures, plans for growth and future operations, competition and regulation, as well as assumptions relating to the foregoing.  Such forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe-harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which cannot be predicted or quantified.  When used in this Report, the words “estimates,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “plans,” “intends” and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.  Future events and actual results could differ materially from those set forth in, contemplated by or underlying the forward-looking statements.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any results projected, forecasted, estimated or budgeted or may materially and adversely affect our actual results include but are not limited to the following: the performance of the real estate industry in general; changes in mortgage interest rate levels or changes in consumer lending practices that reduce demand for housing; turmoil in the mortgage lending markets; the economic strength of the regions where our business is concentrated; changes in domestic laws and government regulations or in the implementation and/or enforcement of government rules and regulations; demographic changes that reduce the demand for housing; increases in real estate taxes and other local government fees; significant competition from other real estate developers and homebuilders; delays in construction schedules and cost overruns; increased costs for land, materials and labor; imposition of limitations on our ability to develop our properties resulting from condemnations, environmental laws and regulations and developments in or new applications thereof; earthquakes, fires and other natural disasters where our properties are located; construction defect liability on structures we build or that are built on land that we develop; our ability to insure certain risks economically; shortages of adequate water resources and reliable energy sources in the areas where we own real estate projects; the actual cost of environmental liabilities concerning our land could exceed liabilities recorded; opposition from local community or political groups at our development projects; risks associated with the acquisition of Jefferies' real estate assets and investments; influence over our affairs by our principal stockholders; our ability to generate sufficient taxable income to fully realize our deferred tax asset; limitations on our business activities imposed by the terms of our indentures and our ability to finance our development projects and related business activities. For additional information see Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in the 2018 10-K.

Undue reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements, which are applicable only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to revise or update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date of this Report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Information required under this Item is contained in Item 7A of the 2018 10-K and is incorporated by reference herein.

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures.

Our management evaluated, with the participation of our principal executive and principal financial officers, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the

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Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this report and concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2019.

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15 (f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during our fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2019, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A. Risk Factors.  

The risk factors set forth below update the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 which includes a detailed discussion of the Risk Factors applicable to us.

Risks Related to our Proposed Acquisition by Jefferies Financial Group Inc.

On April 12, 2019, we entered into a merger agreement with Jefferies Financial Group Inc. (“Jefferies”). On May 2, 2019, we amended the merger agreement. Pursuant to the merger agreement, as amended, we will be merged with and into a subsidiary of Jefferies and our shareholders on the record date will cease being our shareholders and will receive two shares of Jefferies common stock for each one share of our common stock held.

The exchange ratio is not adjustable based on the market price of our common stock so the consideration at the closing may have a greater or lesser value than at the time the merger agreement was signed.

The merger agreement has set the exchange ratio at 2.0. Any changes in the market price of our or Jefferies common stock before the completion of the merger will not affect the number of shares our stockholders will be entitled to receive pursuant to the merger agreement. Therefore, if before the completion of the merger the market price of Jefferies common stock declines from the market price on the date of the merger agreement, then holders of our common stock could receive merger consideration with substantially lower value. Similarly, if before the completion of the merger the market price of our common stock increases from the market price on the date of the merger agreement, then Jefferies’ stockholders could receive merger consideration with substantially more value for their shares of our common stock than the parties had negotiated for in the establishment of the exchange ratio. Because the exchange ratio is fixed and will not be adjusted in the event of any change in either our or Jefferies’ stock price, the value of the shares received in the merger is uncertain.

There can be no assurance that our pending acquisition by Jefferies will be consummated in a timely manner or at all.

Our proposed acquisition by Jefferies is subject to various closing conditions and other uncertainties, including (i) the approval of the merger agreement by a majority of our stockholders (excluding Jefferies and its affiliates), (ii) the accuracy of each party's representations and warranties and each party's compliance with its covenants and agreements contained in the merger agreement (subject in the case of this clause (ii) to certain qualifications as to materiality) and (iii) other closing conditions set forth in the merger agreement. There can be no assurances as to whether and when the merger may be completed.

Failure of the merger to be consummated may adversely affect our business.

If the merger is not completed for any reason, we will remain a public company. Our ongoing business may be materially and adversely affected and we would be subject to a number of risks, including the following:

•we may experience negative reactions from the financial markets, including negative impacts on trading prices of our common stock; 

•we will be required to pay certain transaction expenses and other costs incurred in connection with the merger, whether or not the merger is completed; and

•matters relating to the merger will require substantial commitments of time and resources by our management and the expenditure of significant funds in the form of additional expenses, which would otherwise have been devoted to day-to-day operations and other opportunities that may have been beneficial to us as an independent company.

If any of these risks materialize, they may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, financial results and stock prices.

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Lawsuits may be filed against us relating to the merger and any adverse ruling may delay or prevent the

proposed acquisition from being completed.

Lawsuits arising out of or relating to the merger agreement, the amendment to the merger agreement and/or the proposed acquisition of us by Jefferies may be filed in the future. There can be no assurances that we will be successful in the outcome of any potential future lawsuits challenging the merger.

Our shareholders may file lawsuits against us and/or our directors and officers in connection with the merger. These lawsuits could prevent or delay the completion of the merger and result in significant costs to us, including any costs associated with the indemnification of directors and officers. The defense or settlement of any lawsuit or claim that remains unresolved at the time the merger is completed may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Item 6.    Exhibits.

See Exhibit Index.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number     Description

 2.1   Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 12, 2019, by and among HomeFed Corporation, JefferiesFinancial Group Inc. and Heat Merger Sub, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to our current report on Form 8-K dated April 15, 2019).

 2.2    Amendment No. 1 to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 2, 2019, by and among HomeFed Corporation, JefferiesFinancial Group Inc. and Heat Merger Sub, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to our current report on Form 8-K dated May 2, 2019).

 9.1    Voting Agreement, dated as of April 12, 2019, by and between HomeFed Corporation and Jefferies Financial Group Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to our current report on Form 8-K dated April 15, 2019).

9.2    Waiver and Amendment No. 1 to Stockholders Agreement, dated as of April 12, 2019, by and between HomeFed Corporation and Jefferies Financial Group Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to our current report on Form 8-K dated April 15, 2019).

31.1    Certification of President pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2   Certification of Vice President, Treasurer and Controller pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley

Act of 2002.

32.1   Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2    Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101     Financial statements from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of HomeFed Corporation for the quarter

ended March 31, 2019 formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	HOMEFED CORPORATION
	(Registrant)
Date:  May 9, 2019	By:	/s/ Erin N. Ruhe
		Erin N. Ruhe
		Vice President, Treasurer and Controller
		(Principal Accounting Officer)

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