UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

or

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 

For the transition period from____________to______________

Commission file number: 0-15536

CODORUS VALLEY BANCORP, INC. 

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania	23-2428543
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

105 Leader Heights Road, P.O. Box 2887, York, Pennsylvania 17405 

(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip code)

717-747-1519

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable 

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, 

if changed since the last report.)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $2.50 par value	CVLY	NASDAQ Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☒
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☒   No ☐

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS 

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.  On October 25, 2019, 9,725,688 shares of common stock, par value $2.50, were outstanding, which includes the effect of the 5 percent common stock dividend declared on October 8, 2019.

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Codorus Valley Bancorp, Inc. 

Form 10-Q Index

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION		Page #
Item 1.	Financial statements (unaudited):
	Consolidated balance sheets	3
	Consolidated statements of income	4
	Consolidated statements of comprehensive income	5
	Consolidated statements of cash flows	6
	Consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity	7
	Notes to consolidated financial statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations	40
Item 3.	Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk	64
Item 4.	Controls and procedures	65
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal proceedings	65
Item 1A.	Risk factors	65
Item 2.	Unregistered sales of equity securities and use of proceeds	66
Item 3.	Defaults upon senior securities	66
Item 4.	Mine safety disclosures	66
Item 5.	Other information	66
Item 6.	Exhibits	67
SIGNATURES		68

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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.  Financial Statements

Codorus Valley Bancorp, Inc. 

Consolidated Balance Sheets 

	(Unaudited)
	September 30,			December 31,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2019			2018
Assets
Interest bearing deposits with banks	$	103,260		$	69,103
Cash and due from banks		24,086			27,679
Total cash and cash equivalents		127,346			96,782
Securities, available-for-sale		162,918			149,593
Restricted investment in bank stocks, at cost		4,551			5,922
Loans held for sale		9,745			4,127
Loans (net of deferred fees of $3,635 - 2019 and $3,722 - 2018)		1,490,646			1,485,680
Less-allowance for loan losses		(21,164	)		(19,144	)
Net loans		1,469,482			1,466,536
Premises and equipment, net		26,782			24,724
Operating leases right-of-use assets		2,408			0
Goodwill		2,301			2,301
Other assets		63,863			57,495
Total assets	$	1,869,396		$	1,807,480
Liabilities
Deposits
Noninterest bearing	$	268,547		$	252,777
Interest bearing		1,291,477			1,242,503
Total deposits		1,560,024			1,495,280
Short-term borrowings		8,830			7,022
Long-term debt		96,758			115,310
Operating leases liabilities		2,579			0
Other liabilities		11,832			11,122
Total liabilities		1,680,023			1,628,734
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock, par value $2.50 per share;
1,000,000 shares authorized;  0 shares issued and outstanding		0			0
Common stock, par value $2.50 per share; 30,000,000 shares authorized;		24,819			23,629
shares issued: 9,461,918 at September 30, 2019 and 9,451,547 at December 31, 2018; and shares outstanding: 9,328,354 at September 30, 2019  and 9,451,547 at December 31, 2018
Additional paid-in capital		144,114			134,506
Retained earnings		21,971			22,837
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		1,509			(2,226	)
Treasury stock, at cost; 133,564 shares at September 30, 2019		(3,040	)		0
Total shareholders’ equity		189,373			178,746
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,869,396		$	1,807,480

See accompanying notes.

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Codorus Valley Bancorp, Inc. 

Consolidated Statements of Income 

Unaudited 

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2019		2018		2019			2018
Interest income
Loans, including fees	$	19,847	$	19,580	$	59,331		$	55,723
Investment securities:
Taxable		780		568		2,200			1,702
Tax-exempt		152		261		532			817
Dividends		85		100		292			318
Other		602		287		1,522			663
Total interest income		21,466		20,796		63,877			59,223
Interest expense
Deposits		4,815		3,581		14,051			9,283
Federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings		11		15		31			48
Long-term debt		627		768		2,008			2,036
Total interest expense		5,453		4,364		16,090			11,367
Net interest income		16,013		16,432		47,787			47,856
Provision for loan losses		0		1,300		2,250			1,800
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		16,013		15,132		45,537			46,056
Noninterest income
Trust and investment services fees		921		818		2,642			2,389
Income from mutual fund, annuity and insurance sales		255		255		786			806
Service charges on deposit accounts		1,239		1,187		3,605			3,485
Income from bank owned life insurance		301		248		960			730
Other income		443		364		1,497			1,221
Gain on sales of loans held for sale		312		435		849			1,436
Gain (loss) on sales of securities		2		0		(1	)		0
Total noninterest income		3,473		3,307		10,338			10,067
Noninterest expense
Personnel		7,849		7,159		22,946			21,855
Occupancy of premises, net		865		860		2,728			2,556
Furniture and equipment		787		701		2,334			2,262
Postage, stationery and supplies		190		196		549			560
Professional and legal		272		286		603			609
Marketing		441		373		1,164			1,200
FDIC insurance		5		189		465			493
Debit card processing		263		318		903			902
Charitable donations		337		119		1,316			1,792
Telecommunications		124		119		380			500
External data processing		649		579		1,821			1,563
Foreclosed real estate including provision for losses		10		13		144			33
Other		1,059		1,090		2,563			2,557
Total noninterest expense		12,851		12,002		37,916			36,882
Income before income taxes		6,635		6,437		17,959			19,241
Provision for income taxes		1,432		1,377		3,806			4,044
Net income	$	5,203	$	5,060	$	14,153		$	15,197
Net income per share, basic	$	0.53	$	0.51	$	1.43		$	1.54
Net income per share, diluted	$	0.52	$	0.51	$	1.42		$	1.53

See accompanying notes.

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Codorus Valley Bancorp, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Unaudited

	Three months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2019			2018
Net income	$	5,203		$	5,060
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Securities available for sale:
Net unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period
(net of tax expense (benefit) of $164 and ($203), respectively)		619			(767	)
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income
(net of tax expense of $0 and $0, respectively) (a) (b)		(2	)		0
Net unrealized gains (losses)		617			(767	)
Comprehensive income	$	5,820		$	4,293

	Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2019		2018
Net income	$	14,153	$	15,197
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Securities available for sale:
Net unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period
(net of tax expense (benefit) of $992 and ($788), respectively)		3,734		(2,967	)
Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income
(net of tax benefit of $0 and $0, respectively) (a) (b)		1		0
Net unrealized gains (losses)		3,735		(2,967	)
Comprehensive income	$	17,888	$	12,230

(a) Amounts are included in net gain on sales of securities on the Consolidated Statements of Income within noninterest income.

(b) Income tax amounts are included in the provision for income taxes on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

See accompanying notes.

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Codorus Valley Bancorp, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Unaudited 

	Nine months ended September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2019			2018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	14,153		$	15,197
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations:
Depreciation/amortization		1,964			1,780
Net amortization of premiums on securities		232			335
Amortization of deferred loan origination fees and costs		(974	)		(1,264	)
Net amortization of operating lease right of use assets		446			0
Provision for loan losses		2,250			1,800
Provision for losses on foreclosed real estate		26			0
Increase in bank owned life insurance		(960	)		(730	)
Originations of mortgage loans held for sale		(27,789	)		(28,746	)
Originations of SBA loans held for sale		(6,766	)		(12,292	)
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held for sale		26,289			29,744
Proceeds from sales of SBA loans held for sale		3,286			10,352
Net gain on sales of mortgage loans held for sale		(596	)		(718	)
Gain on sales of SBA loans held for sale		(253	)		(718	)
Gain on disposal of premises and equipment		(15	)		(11	)
Loss on sales of securities, available-for-sale		1			0
Loss on sales of foreclosed real estate		0			3
Stock-based compensation		395			457
Decrease (increase) in interest receivable		577			(174	)
(Increase) decrease in other assets		(87	)		355
Increase in interest payable		28			239
Increase in other liabilities		701			1,830
Net cash provided by operating activities		12,908			17,439
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of securities, available-for-sale		(111,466	)		(10,946	)
Maturities, repayments and calls of securities, available-for-sale		90,859			20,616
Sales of securities, available-for-sale		11,776			0
Net decrease in restricted investment in bank stock		1,371			189
Net increase in loans made to customers		(4,222	)		(94,963	)
Purchases of premises and equipment		(2,747	)		(2,231	)
Investment in bank owned life insurance		(6,836	)		(7	)
Proceeds from sales of foreclosed real estate		111			155
Net cash used in investing activities		(21,154	)		(87,187	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Net (decrease) increase in demand and savings deposits		(9,492	)		69,510
Net increase in time deposits		74,236			16,242
Net increase (decrease) increase in short-term borrowings		1,808			(11,871	)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt		0			30,000
Repayment of long-term debt		(20,000	)		(25,000	)
Cash dividends paid to shareholders		(4,533	)		(4,151	)
Treasury stock reissued		213			0
Treasury stock purchased		(3,530	)		0
Issuance of stock		108			842
Net cash provided by financing activities		38,810			75,572
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		30,564			5,824
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		96,782			79,524
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	127,346		$	85,348

See accompanying notes.

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Codorus Valley Bancorp, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

Unaudited

											Accumulated
					Additional						Other
	Preferred		Common		Paid-in			Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Stock		Stock		Capital			Earnings			(Loss) Income			Stock			Total
Balance, January 1, 2019	$	0	$	23,629	$	134,506		$	22,837		$	(2,226	)	$	0		$	178,746
Net income									4,091									4,091
Other comprehensive income, net of tax												1,399						1,399
Cash dividends ($0.152 per share, adjusted)									(1,512	)								(1,512	)
Adoption of ASC topic 842 (leases)									(199	)								(199	)
Stock-based compensation						135												135
Forfeiture of restricted stock and withheld shares						2									(4	)		(2	)
Issuance and reissuance of stock:
6,646 shares under the dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan				17		132												149
Balance, March 31, 2019	$	0	$	23,646	$	134,775		$	25,217		$	(827	)	$	(4	)	$	182,807
Balance, April 1, 2019	$	0	$	23,646	$	134,775		$	25,217		$	(827	)	$	(4	)	$	182,807
Net income									4,859									4,859
Other comprehensive income, net of tax												1,719						1,719
Cash dividends ($0.152 per share, adjusted)									(1,513	)								(1,513	)
Stock-based compensation						118												118
Forfeiture of restricted stock and withheld shares						5									(5	)		0
Repurchased stock - 35,600 shares															(762	)		(762	)
Issuance and reissuance of stock:
6,605 shares under the dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan				9		128									9			146
4,221 shares under the stock option plan						(69	)								88			19
6,694 shares under employee stock purchase plan						(14	)								141			127
Balance, June 30, 2019	$	0	$	23,655	$	134,943		$	28,563		$	892		$	(533	)	$	187,520
Balance, July 1, 2019		0		23,655		134,943			28,563			892			(533	)		187,520
Net income									5,203									5,203
Other comprehensive income, net of tax												617						617
Cash dividends ($0.152 per share, adjusted)									(1,508	)								(1,508	)
5% stock dividend, 465,473 shares at fair value				1,164		9,123			(10,287	)								0
Stock-based compensation						142												142
Repurchased stock - 121,200 shares															(2,768	)		(2,768	)
Issuance and reissuance of stock:
6,421 shares under the dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan						6									136			142
5,221 shares under the stock option plan						(86	)								111			25
679 shares of stock-based compensation awards						(14	)								14			0
Balance, September 30, 2019		0	$	24,819	$	144,114		$	21,971		$	1,509		$	(3,040	)	$	189,373
Balance, January 1, 2018	$	0	$	22,265	$	120,052		$	22,860		$	(958	)	$	0		$	164,219
Net income									4,083									4,083
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax												(1,788	)					(1,788	)
Cash dividends ($0.141 per share, adjusted)									(1,381	)								(1,381	)
Stock-based compensation						230												230
Forfeiture of restricted stock and withheld shares															(63	)		(63	)
Issuance and reissuance of stock:
5,518 shares under the dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan				9		76									57			142
13,736 shares under the stock option plan				34		205												239
1,816 shares of stock-based compensation awards				4		(4	)											0
Balance, March 31, 2018	$	0	$	22,312	$	120,559		$	25,562		$	(2,746	)	$	(6	)	$	165,681
Balance, April 1, 2018	$	0	$	22,312	$	120,559		$	25,562		$	(2,746	)	$	(6	)	$	165,681
Net income									6,054									6,054
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax												(412	)					(412	)
Cash dividends ($0.141 per share, adjusted)									(1,383	)								(1,383	)
Stock-based compensation						102												102
Forfeiture of restricted stock						5									(7	)		(2	)
Issuance and reissuance of stock:
4,585 shares under the dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan				11		122												133
11,624 shares under the stock option plan				28		45									9			82
5,125 shares under employee stock purchase plan				9		105									4			118
Balance, June 30, 2018	$	0	$	22,360	$	120,938		$	30,233		$	(3,158	)	$	0		$	170,373
Balance, July 1, 2018		0		22,360		120,938			30,233			(3,158	)		0			170,373
Net income									5,060									5,060
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax												(767	)					(767	)
Cash dividends ($0.141 per share, adjusted)									(1,387	)								(1,387	)
5% stock dividend, 447,700 shares at fair value				1,119		12,907			(14,026	)								0
Stock-based compensation						125												125
Forfeiture of restricted stock															(5	)		(5	)
Issuance and reissuance of stock:
2,615 shares under the dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan				11		124												135
5,175 shares under the stock option plan				8		55												63
2,401 shares of stock-based compensation awards				6		(6	)											0
Balance, September 30, 2018	$	0	$	23,504	$	134,143		$	19,880		$	(3,925	)	$	(5	)	$	173,597

See accompanying notes.

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Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018 has been derived from audited financial statements, and the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information, the instructions to Form 10-Q, and FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 270. Accordingly, the interim financial statements do not include all of the financial information and notes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the interim consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial condition and results of operations for the reported periods, and all such adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature.

Codorus Valley Bancorp, Inc. (“Corporation” or “Codorus Valley”) is a one-bank holding company headquartered in York, Pennsylvania that provides a full range of banking services through its subsidiary, PeoplesBank, A Codorus Valley Company (“PeoplesBank” or “Bank”). PeoplesBank operates two wholly-owned subsidiaries as of September 30, 2019. Codorus Valley Financial Advisors, Inc. d/b/a PeoplesWealth Advisors, which sells nondeposit investment products and SYC Settlement Services, Inc., which provides real estate settlement services. In addition, PeoplesBank may periodically create nonbank subsidiaries for the purpose of temporarily holding foreclosed properties pending the liquidation of these properties. PeoplesBank operates under a state charter and is subject to regulation by the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Corporation is subject to regulation by the Federal Reserve Board and the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Codorus Valley and its wholly-owned bank subsidiary, PeoplesBank, and a wholly-owned nonbank subsidiary, SYC Realty Company, Inc. SYC Realty was inactive during the period ended September 30, 2019. The accounts of CVB Statutory Trust No. 1 and No. 2 are not included in the consolidated financial statements as discussed in Note 7—Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt. All significant intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accounting and reporting policies of Codorus Valley and subsidiaries conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and have been followed on a consistent basis.

These consolidated statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

In accordance with FASB ASC 855, the Corporation evaluated the events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date of September 30, 2019 and through the date these consolidated financial statements were issued, for items of potential recognition or disclosure.

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Loans

Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are stated at their outstanding unpaid principal balances less amounts charged off, net of an allowance for loan losses and any deferred fees or costs. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Generally, loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the yield (interest income) over the contractual life of the loan. The loans receivable portfolio is segmented into commercial and consumer loans. Commercial loans consist of the following industry classes: builder & developer, commercial real estate investor, residential real estate investor, hotel/motel, wholesale & retail, agriculture, manufacturing and all other. Consumer loans consist of the following classes: residential mortgage, home equity and all other.

Generally, for all classes of loans receivable, the accrual of interest is discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about further collectability of principal or interest, even though the loan may be currently performing. A past due loan may remain on accrual status if it is in the process of collection and well secured. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid interest credited to income in the current year is reversed and unpaid interest accrued in prior years is charged against the allowance for loan losses. Interest received on nonaccrual loans, including impaired loans, generally is either applied against principal or reported as interest income, according to the Corporation’s judgment as to the collectability of principal. Generally, nonaccrual loans are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, generally six months, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt. The past due status of all classes of loans receivable is determined based on contractual due dates for loan payments.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses represents the Corporation’s estimate of losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date and is recorded as a reduction to loans. The allowance for loan losses is increased by the provision for loan losses, and decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries. Loans deemed to be uncollectable are charged against the allowance for loan losses, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. All, or part, of the principal balance of loans receivable are charged off to the allowance as soon as it is determined that the repayment of all, or part, of the principal balance is highly unlikely. While the Corporation attributes a portion of the allowance to individual loans and groups of loans that it evaluates and determines to be impaired, the allowance is available to cover all charge-offs that arise from the loan portfolio.

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level considered by management to be adequate to provide for losses that can be reasonably anticipated. The Corporation performs a quarterly evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance. The allowance is based on the Corporation’s past loan loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, current economic conditions and other relevant factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

The allowance consists of specific, general and unallocated components. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as impaired, generally nonaccrual loans and troubled debt restructurings. For loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the collateral value (or discounted cash flows or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. The general component covers pools of loans by loan class, including commercial loans not considered impaired, as well as smaller balance homogeneous loans such as residential real estate, home equity and other consumer loans. These pools of loans are evaluated for loss exposure based upon historical loss rates for each of these classes of loans, adjusted for qualitative (environmental) risk factors. Historical loss rates are based on a two year rolling average of net charge-offs. Qualitative risk factors that supplement historical losses in the evaluation of loan pools are shown below. Each factor is assigned a value to reflect improving, stable or declining conditions based on the Corporation’s best judgment using relevant information available at the time of the evaluation.

- 9 -

● Changes in national and local economies and business conditions

● Changes in the value of collateral for collateral dependent loans

● Changes in the level of concentrations of credit

● Changes in the volume and severity of classified and past due loans

● Changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio

● Changes in collection, charge-off, and recovery procedures

● Changes in underwriting standards and loan terms

● Changes in the quality of the loan review system

● Changes in the experience/ability of lending management and key lending staff

● Regulatory and legal regulations that could affect the level of credit losses

● Other pertinent environmental factors

The unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect the Corporation’s estimate of probable losses. For example, increasing credit risks and uncertainties, not yet reflected in current leading indicators, associated with prolonged low economic growth, or recessionary business conditions for certain industries or the broad economy, or the erosion of real estate values, represent risk factors, the occurrence of any or all of which can adversely affect a borrowers’ ability to service their loans.

As disclosed in Note 4—Loans, the Corporation engages in commercial and consumer lending. Loans are made within the Corporation’s primary market area and surrounding areas, and include the purchase of whole loan or participation interests in loans from other financial institutions. Commercial loans, which pose the greatest risk of loss to the Corporation, whether originated or purchased, are generally secured by real estate. Within the broad commercial loan segment, the builder & developer and commercial real estate investor loan classes generally present a higher level of risk than other commercial loan classifications. This greater risk is due to several factors, including the concentration of principal in a limited number of loans and borrowers, the effect of general economic conditions on income producing properties, unstable real estate prices and the dependency upon successful construction and sale or operation of the real estate project. Within the consumer loan segment, junior (i.e., second) liens present a higher risk to the Corporation because economic and housing market conditions can adversely affect the underlying value of the collateral, which could render the Corporation under-secured or unsecured. In addition, economic and housing market conditions can adversely affect the ability of some borrowers to service their debt.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Corporation will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered in determining impairment include payment status and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. The Corporation determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Loans that are deemed impaired are evaluated for impairment loss based on the net realizable value of the collateral, as applicable. Loans that are not collateral dependent will rely on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate to determine impairment loss. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans such as residential mortgage loans, home equity loans and other consumer loans are collectively evaluated for impairment, unless they are classified as impaired.

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An allowance for loan losses is established for an impaired commercial loan if its carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value. For commercial loans secured by real estate, estimated fair values are determined primarily through third-party appraisals of the underlying collateral. When a real estate secured loan becomes impaired, a decision is made regarding whether an updated certified appraisal of the real estate is necessary. This decision is based on various considerations, including the age of the most recent appraisal, the loan-to-value ratio based on the most recent appraisal and the condition of the property. Appraisals are generally discounted to provide for selling costs and other factors to determine an estimate of the net realizable value of the property. For commercial loans secured by non-real estate collateral, such as accounts receivable, inventory and equipment, estimated fair values are determined based on the borrower’s financial statements, inventory reports, accounts receivable aging or equipment appraisals or invoices. Indications of value from these sources are generally discounted based on the age of the financial information or the quality of the assets. In instances when specific consumer related loans become impaired, they may be partially or fully charged off, which eliminates the need for a specific allowance.

Loans whose terms are modified are classified as troubled debt restructurings if the Corporation grants borrowers experiencing financial difficulties concessions that it would not otherwise consider. Concessions granted under a troubled debt restructuring may involve an interest rate that is below the market rate given the associated credit risk of the loan or an extension of a loan’s stated maturity date. Loans classified as troubled debt restructurings are designated as impaired. Non-accrual troubled debt restructurings are restored to accrual status if principal and interest payments, under the modified terms, are current for a reasonable period of time, generally six consecutive months after modification and future payments are reasonably assured.

Banking regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Corporation’s allowance for loan losses and may require the Corporation to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination, which may not be currently available to the Corporation. Based on an analysis of the loan portfolio, the Corporation believes that the level of the allowance for loan losses at September 30, 2019 is adequate.

Foreclosed Real Estate

Foreclosed real estate, included in other assets, is comprised of property acquired through a foreclosure proceeding or property that is acquired through in-substance foreclosure. Foreclosed real estate is initially recorded at fair value minus estimated costs to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Any difference between the carrying value and the new cost basis is charged against the allowance for loan losses. Appraisals, obtained from an independent third party, are generally used to determine fair value. After foreclosure, management reviews valuations at least quarterly and adjusts the asset to the lower of cost or fair value minus estimated costs to sell through a valuation allowance or a write-down. Costs related to the improvement of foreclosed real estate are generally capitalized until the real estate reaches a saleable condition subject to fair value limitations. Revenue and expense from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in noninterest expense. When a foreclosed real estate asset is ultimately sold, any gain or loss on the sale is included in the income statement as a component of noninterest expense. At September 30, 2019 there was $1,618,000 of foreclosed real estate, none of which was residential real estate. Included within loans receivable as of September 30, 2019 was a recorded investment of $388,000 of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties, for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction.

Mortgage Servicing Rights

The mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) associated with the sold loans are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets at an amount equal to the estimated fair value of the contractual rights to service the mortgage loans. The MSR asset is amortized as a reduction to servicing income. The MSR asset is evaluated periodically for impairment and carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. A third party calculates fair value by discounting the estimated cash flows from servicing income using a rate consistent with the risk associated with these assets and an expected life commensurate with the expected life of the underlying loans. In the event that the amortized cost of the MSR asset exceeds the fair value of the asset, a valuation allowance would be established through a charge against servicing income. Subsequent fair value evaluations may determine that impairment has been reduced or eliminated, in which case the valuation allowance would be reduced through a credit to earnings. At September 30, 2019, the balance of residential mortgage loans serviced for third parties was $116,464,000 compared to $98,852,000 at December 31, 2018.

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	Three months ended						Nine months ended
	September 30,						September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2019			2018			2019			2018
Amortized cost:
Balance at beginning of period	$	905		$	808		$	925		$	672
Originations of mortgage servicing rights		87			104			211			297
Amortization expense		(56	)		(36	)		(139	)		(93	)
Valuation allowance		(11	)		0			(72	)		0
Balance at end of period	$	925		$	876		$	925		$	876

Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangible Assets

Goodwill arising from acquisitions is not amortized, but is subject to an annual impairment test. This test consists of a qualitative analysis. If the Corporation determines events or circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired, a quantitative analysis must be completed. Analyses may also be performed between annual tests. Significant judgment is applied when goodwill is assessed for impairment. This judgment includes developing cash flow projections, selecting appropriate discount rates, identifying relevant market comparables, incorporating general economic and market conditions, and selecting an appropriate control premium. The Corporation completes its annual goodwill impairment test on October 1^st of each year. Based upon a qualitative analysis of goodwill, the Corporation concluded that the amount of recorded goodwill was not impaired as of October 1, 2019.

Core deposit intangibles represent the value assigned to demand, interest checking, money market, and savings accounts acquired as part of an acquisition. The core deposit intangible value represents the future economic benefit of potential cost savings from acquiring core deposits as part of an acquisition compared to the cost of alternative funding sources and the alternative cost to grow a similar core deposit base. The core deposit intangible asset resulting from the merger with Madison Bancorp, Inc. was determined to have a definite life and is being amortized using the sum of the years’ digits method over ten years. All intangible assets must be evaluated for impairment if certain events or changes in circumstances occur. Any impairment write-downs would be recognized as expense on the consolidated statements of income.

At September 30, 2019, the Corporation does not have any indicators of potential impairment of either goodwill or core deposit intangibles.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue from contracts with customers that are required to be recognized under FASB ASC Topic 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606) is measured based on consideration specified in a contract with a customer, and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Corporation recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer.

The majority of the Corporation’s revenue-generating transactions are not within the scope of ASC 606, including revenue generated from financial instruments, such as our loans, letters of credit, derivatives and investment securities, as well as revenue related to our mortgage servicing activities, as these activities are subject to other U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) discussed elsewhere within our disclosures. Descriptions of our revenue-generating activities that are within the scope of ASC 606, which are presented in our consolidated statements of income as components of non-interest income are as follows:

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Trust and investment service fees – The Corporation provides trust, investment management custody and irrevocable life insurance trust services to customers. Such services are rendered in accordance with the underlying contracts for which fees are earned. The Corporation’s performance obligations are generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, over the period in which the service is provided. Payment for services rendered is primarily received in the following month.

Income from mutual fund, annuity and insurance sales – The Corporation sells mutual funds, annuity and insurance products to its customers. The Corporation’s performance obligation is met upon the signing of the product agreement and, in certain cases, a time component may exist when the customer has the right to rescind the agreement with or without penalty. The Corporation recognizes revenues upon delivery of the product or service unless there is a time component in which case revenues are recognized utilizing the expected value method. Payment for services rendered is primarily received in the following month.

Service charges on deposits accounts – These represent general service fees for monthly account maintenance and activity- or transaction based fees and consist of transaction-based revenue, time-based revenue (service period), item-based revenue or some other individual attribute-based revenue. Other service charges include revenue from processing wire transfers, cashier’s checks and other services. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligation is completed which is generally monthly for account maintenance services or when a transaction has been completed. Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to the customers’ accounts.

Other noninterest income – The Corporation evaluated individual components of other noninterest income, such as credit card merchant fees, credit and gift card fees and ATM fees. Debit card income is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned whenever the Corporation’s debit cards are processed through payment networks, such as Visa. Credit and gift card income is realized through a third party provider who issues cards as private label in the Corporation’s name. ATM fees are primarily generated when a non-Corporation cardholder uses a Corporation ATM. The income is primarily comprised as a percentage of interchange fees earned whenever the issuer’s card is processed through card payment networks, such as Visa or Pulse. Merchant services income is realized through a third party service provider who is contracted by the Corporation under a referral arrangement. Such fees represent fees charged to merchants to process their debit card transactions. The Corporation’s performance obligation for these fees are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon completion. Payment is typically received within a one to three day lag or in the following month.

Per Share Data

All per share computations include the effect of stock dividends declared, including the 5 percent stock dividend declared October 8, 2019. The computation of net income per share is provided in the table below.

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Net income	$	5,203	$	5,060	$	14,153	$	15,197
Weighted average shares outstanding (basic)		9,860		9,868		9,904		9,848
Effect of dilutive stock options		63		112		67		102
Weighted average shares outstanding (diluted)		9,923		9,980		9,971		9,950
Basic earnings per share	$	0.53	$	0.51	$	1.43	$	1.54
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.52	$	0.51	$	1.42	$	1.53
Anti-dilutive stock options excluded from the computation of earnings per share		30		1		30		2

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Comprehensive Income

Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, are reported as a separate component of the shareholders’ equity section of the balance sheet, such items, along with net income, are components of comprehensive income.

Cash Flow Information

For purposes of the statements of cash flows, the Corporation considers interest bearing deposits with banks, cash and due from banks, and federal funds sold to be cash and cash equivalents.

Supplemental cash flow information is provided in the table below.

	Nine months ended
	September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2019		2018
Cash paid during the period for:
Income taxes	$	3,610	$	3,115
Interest	$	16,062	$	11,128
Noncash investing and financing activities:
Transfer of loans to foreclosed real estate	$	0	$	1,709
Initial recognition of financing lease right-of-use assets	$	1,358	$	0
Initial recognition of financing lease liabilities	$	1,480	$	0
Initial recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets	$	2,958	$	0
Initial recognition of operating lease liabilities	$	3,035	$	0
Increase in other liabilities for purchase of securities settling after quarter end	$	0	$	1,258

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Pronouncements Adopted in 2019

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases and in July 2018 issued ASU 2018-10 and ASU 2018-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases. From the lessee’s perspective, the new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement for a lessees. From the lessor’s perspective, the new standard requires a lessor to classify leases as either sales-type, finance or operating. A lease will be treated as a sale if it transfers all of the risks and rewards, as well as control of the underlying asset, to the lessee. If risks and rewards are conveyed without the transfer of control, the lease is treated as a financing lease. If the lessor doesn’t convey risks and rewards or control, an operating lease results. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessors for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Corporation adopted the new standard effective January 1, 2019, which resulted in an increase in assets to recognize the present value of the lease obligations (right-of-use assets) with a corresponding increase in liabilities as discussed in Note 8-Leases. The adoption did not have an overall material impact on the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements of income.

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In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This standard expands the scope of Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. This standard requires application of Topic 718 to nonemployee awards for specific guidance on inputs to an option pricing model and the attribution of costs (that is, the period of time over which share-based payment awards vest and the pattern of cost recognition over that period). The amendments in the Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. The Corporation adopted the new standard on January 1, 2019 and the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements.

Pronouncements Not Yet Effective

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350). This standard simplifies the test for goodwill impairment by eliminating the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill, which currently is Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. Instead, the goodwill impairment test will consist of a single quantitative step comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The new standard is effective for annual and any interim goodwill impairment tests in reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation intends to adopt this standard effective with its January 1, 2020 goodwill impairment test and the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements based on current circumstances.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326). This standard adds a new Topic 326 which requires companies to measure and record impairment on financial instruments at the time of origination using the expected credit loss (CECL) model. The CECL model calculates impairment based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts, and reflects the organization’s current estimate of all expected credit losses over the contractual term of its financial assets. The new standard was delayed and is now effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Corporation expects the provisions of ASU No. 2016-13 to impact the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements, in particular, the level of the reserve for credit losses. The Corporation is continuing to evaluate the extent of the potential impact and expects that portfolio composition and economic conditions at the time of adoption will be a factor.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement. The amendments in this update modify the disclosure requirements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. The following disclosure requirements were removed: the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2, the policy for timing of transfers between levels, and the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. The following disclosure requirements were modified: for investments in certain entities that calculate net asset value, and entity is required to disclose the timing of liquidation of investee’s assets and the amendments clarify that the measurement uncertainty disclosure is to communicate information about the uncertainty in measurement as of the reporting date. The following disclosure requirements were added: the changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. The update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of this update is not expected to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements based on current circumstances.

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In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation-Retirement Benefits-Defined Benefit Plans-General (Subtopic 715-20). The amendments in this update remove disclosures that are no longer considered cost beneficial, clarify the specific requirements of disclosures, and add disclosure requirements identified as relevant. The update is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this update on its disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software. This standard aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with those incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. This standard requires application of Subtopic 350-40 to determine which costs to implement the service contract would be capitalized as an asset and which costs would be expensed. The amendments in the Update are effective for the years beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of this update is not expected to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements based on current circumstances.

Note 2-Securities

A summary of securities available-for-sale at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is provided below. The securities available-for-sale portfolio is generally comprised of high quality debt instruments, principally obligations of the United States government or agencies thereof and investments in the obligations of states and municipalities. The majority of municipal bonds in the portfolio are general obligation bonds, which can draw upon multiple sources of revenue, including taxes, for payment. Only a few bonds are revenue bonds, which are dependent upon a single revenue stream for payment, but they are for critical services such as water and sewer. In many cases, municipal debt issues are insured or, in the case of school districts of selected states, backed by specific loss reserves. At September 30, 2019, while 88 percent of the fair value of the municipal bond portfolio was concentrated in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the portfolio was intentionally distributed to limit exposure with the largest issuer at $2.3 million. 

	Amortized		Gross Unrealized					Fair
(dollars in thousands)	Cost		Gains		Losses			Value
September 30, 2019
Debt securities:
U.S. Treasury notes	$	17,804	$	187	$	(37	)	$	17,954
U.S. agency		15,000		37		(96	)		14,941
U.S. agency mortgage-backed, residential		101,179		1,610		(60	)		102,729
State and municipal		27,025		271		(2	)		27,294
Total debt securities	$	161,008	$	2,105	$	(195	)	$	162,918
December 31, 2018
Debt securities:
U.S. Treasury notes	$	19,780	$	29	$	(806	)	$	19,003
U.S. agency		16,000		0		(937	)		15,063
U.S. agency mortgage-backed, residential		75,446		102		(993	)		74,555
State and municipal		41,184		85		(297	)		40,972
Total debt securities	$	152,410	$	216	$	(3,033	)	$	149,593

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The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities at September 30, 2019 by contractual maturity are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities if call options on select debt issues are exercised in the future. Mortgage-backed securities are included in the maturity categories based on average expected life.

	Available-for-sale
	Amortized		Fair
(dollars in thousands)	Cost		Value
Due in one year or less	$	1,709	$	1,713
Due after one year through five years		104,059		105,078
Due after five years through ten years		49,706		50,134
Due after ten years		5,534		5,993
Total debt securities	$	161,008	$	162,918

Gross realized gains and losses on sales of securities available-for-sale are shown below. Realized gains and losses are computed on the basis of specific identification of the adjusted cost of each security and are shown net as a separate line item in the income statement.

	Three months ended				Nine months ended
	September 30,				September 30,
(dollars in thousands)	2019		2018		2019			2018
Realized gains	$	2	$	0	$	16		$	0
Realized losses		0		0		(17	)		0
Net gains (losses)	$	2	$	0	$	(1	)	$	0

Investment securities having a carrying value of $144,411,000 and $123,088,000 on September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, were pledged to secure public and trust deposits, repurchase agreements and other short-term borrowings.

The table below shows gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time, for securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

	Less than 12 months						12 months or more							Total
	Number of		Fair		Unrealized		Number of		Fair		Unrealized			Number of		Fair		Unrealized
(dollars in thousands)	Securities		Value		Losses		Securities		Value		Losses			Securities		Value		Losses
September 30, 2019
Debt securities:
U.S. Treasury notes		2	$	7,940	$	(37)		0	$	0	$	0			2	$	7,940	$	(37)
U.S. agency		0		0		0		2		9,904		(96)			2		9,904		(96)
U.S. agency mortgage-backed, residential		9		15,558		(57)		2		1,308		(3)			11		16,866		(60)
State and municipal		3		1,168		(2)		0		0		0			3		1,168		(2)
Total temporarily impaired debt securities, available-for-sale		14	$	24,666	$	(96)		4	$	11,212	$	(99	)		18	$	35,878	$	(195	)
December 31, 2018
Debt securities:
U.S. Treasury notes		0	$	0	$	0		3	$	13,980	$	(806)			3	$	13,980	$	(806)
U.S. agency		0		0		0		4		15,063		(937)			4		15,063		(937)
U.S. agency mortgage-backed, residential		8		4,878		(14)		39		51,137		(979)			47		56,015		(993)
State and municipal		15		6,707		(11)		36		20,287		(286)			51		26,994		(297)
Total temporarily impaired debt securities, available-for-sale		23	$	11,585	$	(25)		82	$	100,467	$	(3,008)			105	$	112,052	$	(3,033)

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Securities available-for-sale are analyzed quarterly for possible other-than-temporary impairment. The analysis considers, among other factors: 1) whether the Corporation has the intent to sell its securities prior to market recovery or maturity; 2) whether it is more likely than not that the Corporation will be required to sell its securities prior to market recovery or maturity; 3) default rates/history by security type; 4) third-party securities ratings; 5) third-party guarantees; 6) subordination; 7) payment delinquencies; 8) nature of the issuer; and 9) current financial news.

The Corporation believes that unrealized losses at September 30, 2019 were primarily the result of changes in market interest rates and that the Corporation has the ability to hold these investments for a time necessary to recover the amortized cost. Through September 30, 2019 the Corporation has collected all interest and principal on its investment securities as scheduled. The Corporation believes that collection of the contractual principal and interest is probable and, therefore, all impairment is considered to be temporary.

Note 3—Restricted Investment in Bank Stocks

Restricted stock, which represents required investments in the common stock of correspondent banks, is carried at cost and, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, consisted primarily of the common stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (“FHLBP”) and, to a lesser degree, Atlantic Community Bancshares, Inc. (“ACBI”), the parent company of Atlantic Community Bankers Bank (“ACBB”). Under the FHLBP’s Capital Plan member banks, including PeoplesBank, are required to maintain a minimum stock investment. The FHLBP uses a formula to determine the minimum stock investment, which is based on the volume of loans outstanding, unused borrowing capacity and other factors.

The FHLBP paid dividends during the periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. The FHLBP restricts the repurchase of the excess capital stock of member banks. The amount of excess capital stock that can be repurchased from any member is currently the lesser of five percent of the member’s total capital stock outstanding or its excess capital stock outstanding.

Management evaluates the restricted stock for impairment in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 942. Management’s determination of whether these investments are impaired is based on their assessment of the ultimate recoverability of their cost rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value. Using the FHLBP as an example, the determination of whether a decline affects the ultimate recoverability of cost is influenced by criteria such as: (1) the significance of the decline in net assets of the FHLBP as compared to the capital stock amount for the FHLBP and the length of time this situation has persisted; (2) commitments by the FHLBP to make payments required by law or regulation and the level of such payments in relation to the operating performance of the FHLBP; and (3) the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on institutions and, accordingly, on the customer base of the FHLBP. Management believes no impairment charge was necessary related to the restricted stock during the periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

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Note 4—Loans

Loan Portfolio Composition

The table below provides the composition of the loan portfolio at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The portfolio is comprised of two segments, commercial and consumer loans. The commercial loan segment is disaggregated by industry class which allows the Corporation to monitor risk and performance. Those industries representing the largest dollar investment and most risk are listed separately. The “Other” commercial loans category is comprised of various industries. The consumer related segment is comprised of residential mortgages, home equity and other consumer loans. The Corporation has not engaged in sub-prime residential mortgage originations.

	September 30,		% Total		December 31,		% Total
(dollars in thousands)	2019		Loans		2018		Loans
Builder & developer	$	146,829		9.9	$	154,977		10.4
Commercial real estate investor		212,571		14.3		210,501		14.2
Residential real estate investor		229,277		15.4		231,118		15.6
Hotel/Motel		80,868		5.4		77,480		5.2
Wholesale & retail		115,544		7.7		117,280		7.9
Manufacturing		89,737		6.0		80,075		5.4
Agriculture		78,506		5.3		65,540		4.4
Other		320,654		21.5		342,839		23.0
Total commercial related loans		1,273,986		85.5		1,279,810		86.1
Residential mortgages		92,522		6.2		83,977		5.7
Home equity		100,300		6.7		98,019		6.6
Other		23,838		1.6		23,874		1.6
Total consumer related loans		216,660		14.5		205,870		13.9
Total loans	$	1,490,646		100.0	$	1,485,680		100.0

Loan Risk Ratings

The Corporation’s internal risk rating system follows regulatory guidance as to risk classifications and definitions. Every approved loan is assigned a risk rating. Generally, risk ratings for commercial related loans and residential mortgages held for investment are determined by a formal evaluation of risk factors performed by the Corporation’s underwriting staff. For consumer loans, and commercial loans up to $500,000, the Corporation uses third-party credit scoring software models for risk rating purposes. The loan portfolio is monitored on a continuous basis by loan officers, loan review personnel and senior management. Adjustments of loan risk ratings are generally performed by the Special Asset Committee (the ‘Committee’), which includes senior management. The Committee, which typically meets at least quarterly, makes changes, as appropriate, to risk ratings when it becomes aware of credit events such as payment delinquency, cessation of a business or project, bankruptcy or death of the borrower, or changes in collateral value. In addition to review by the Committee, existing loans are monitored by the primary loan officer and loan review to determine if any changes, upward or downward, in risk ratings are appropriate. An external consultant is also used to review a portion of the existing portfolio and recommend rating changes as appropriate. Primary loan officers and internal loan review may downgrade existing loans, except to nonaccrual status. Only the Committee, Executive Chairman or President/CEO may upgrade a loan that is classified.

The Corporation uses ten risk ratings to grade commercial loans. The first seven ratings, representing the lowest risk, are combined and given a “pass” rating. A pass rating is a satisfactory credit rating, which applies to a loan that is expected to perform in accordance with the loan agreement and has a low probability of loss. A loan rated “special mention” has a potential weakness which may, if not corrected, weaken the loan or inadequately protect the Corporation’s position at some future date. A loan rated “substandard” is inadequately protected by the current net worth or paying capacity of the borrower, or of the collateral pledged. A “substandard” loan has a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that could jeopardize liquidation of the loan, which exposes the Corporation to loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. When circumstances indicate that collection of the loan is doubtful, the loan is risk-rated “nonaccrual,” the accrual of interest income is discontinued, and any unpaid interest previously credited to income is reversed. The table below does not include the regulatory classification of “doubtful,” nor does it include the regulatory classification of “loss”, because the Corporation promptly charges off loan losses.

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The table below presents a summary of loan risk ratings by loan class at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

			Special
(dollars in thousands)	Pass		Mention		Substandard		Nonaccrual		Total
September 30, 2019
Builder & developer	$	138,345	$	6,581	$	269	$	1,634	$	146,829
Commercial real estate investor		206,103		3,900		2,340		228		212,571
Residential real estate investor		218,511		3,818		210		6,738		229,277
Hotel/Motel		68,336		12,305		227		0		80,868
Wholesale & retail		93,408		10,439		4,296		7,401		115,544
Manufacturing		77,947		660		9,882		1,248		89,737
Agriculture		74,911		335		408		2,852		78,506
Other		285,081		14,617		13,846		7,110		320,654
Total commercial related loans		1,162,642		52,655		31,478		27,211		1,273,986
Residential mortgage		91,890		437		74		121		92,522
Home equity		99,618		62		0		620		100,300
Other		23,535		0		7		296		23,838
Total consumer related loans		215,043		499		81		1,037		216,660
Total loans	$	1,377,685	$	53,154	$	31,559	$	28,248	$	1,490,646
December 31, 2018
Builder & developer	$	152,188	$	1,604	$	411	$	774	$	154,977
Commercial real estate investor		204,141		1,808		4,317		235		210,501
Residential real estate investor		222,227		3,597		235		5,059		231,118
Hotel/Motel		77,480		0		0		0		77,480
Wholesale & retail		94,726		9,973		4,952		7,629		117,280
Manufacturing		72,058		4,991		1,302		1,724		80,075
Agriculture		61,636		3,244		0		660		65,540
Other		318,940		7,760		12,689		3,450		342,839
Total commercial related loans		1,203,396		32,977		23,906		19,531		1,279,810
Residential mortgage		83,305		7		82		583		83,977
Home equity		97,395		13		0		611		98,019
Other		23,601		1		9		263		23,874
Total consumer related loans		204,301		21		91		1,457		205,870
Total loans	$	1,407,697	$	32,998	$	23,997	$	20,988	$	1,485,680

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Impaired Loans

The table below presents a summary of impaired loans at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. As of September 30, 2019, generally, impaired loans are all loans risk rated nonaccrual or classified troubled debt restructuring. As of December 31, 2018, generally, impaired loans are certain loans risk rated substandard and all loans risk rated nonaccrual or classified as troubled debt restructuring. An allowance is established for individual loans that are commercial related where the Corporation has doubt as to the full recovery of the outstanding principal balance. Typically, impaired consumer related loans are partially or fully charged-off eliminating the need for specific allowance. The recorded investment represents outstanding unpaid principal loan balances adjusted for payments collected on a non-cash basis and charge-offs.

	With No Allowance				With A Related Allowance						Total
	Recorded		Unpaid		Recorded		Unpaid		Related		Recorded		Unpaid
(dollars in thousands)	Investment		Principal		Investment		Principal		Allowance		Investment		Principal
September 30, 2019
Builder & developer	$	1,370	$	1,391	$	487	$	487	$	276	$	1,857	$	1,878
Commercial real estate investor		2,568		2,568		0		0		0		2,568		2,568
Residential real estate investor		773		780		5,965		6,049		1,316		6,738		6,829
Hotel/Motel		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Wholesale & retail		244		244		7,401		7,782		2,537		7,645		8,026
Manufacturing		15		15		1,233		1,305		463		1,248		1,320
Agriculture		1,794		1,794		1,058		1,058		714		2,852		2,852
Other commercial		2,244		2,250		4,866		5,002		2,079		7,110		7,252
Total impaired commercial related loans		9,008		9,042		21,010		21,683		7,385		30,018		30,725
Residential mortgage		121		121		0		0		0		121		121
Home equity		620		620		0		0		0		620		620
Other consumer		296		300		0		0		0		296		300
Total impaired consumer related loans		1,037		1,041		0		0		0		1,037		1,041
Total impaired loans	$	10,045	$	10,083	$	21,010	$	21,683	$	7,385	$	31,055	$	31,766
December 31, 2018
Builder & developer	$	1,047	$	1,318	$	138	$	138	$	51	$	1,185	$	1,456
Commercial real estate investor		4,552		4,552		0		0		0		4,552		4,552
Residential real estate investor		909		909		4,385		4,385		1,218		5,294		5,294
Hotel/Motel		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Wholesale & retail		5,200		5,200		7,629		7,629		757		12,829		12,829
Manufacturing		1,320		1,320		1,706		1,706		539		3,026		3,026
Agriculture		660		660		0		0		0		660		660
Other commercial		13,245		13,245		2,894		2,894		1,114		16,139		16,139
Total impaired commercial related loans		26,933		27,204		16,752		16,752		3,679		43,685		43,956
Residential mortgage		665		689		0		0		0		665		689
Home equity		611		611		0		0		0		611		611
Other consumer		272		272		0		0		0		272		272
Total impaired consumer related loans		1,548		1,572		0		0		0		1,548		1,572
Total impaired loans	$	28,481	$	28,776	$	16,752	$	16,752	$	3,679	$	45,233	$	45,528

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The table below presents a summary of average impaired loans and related interest income that was included in net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. 

	With No Related Allowance				With A Related Allowance				Total
	Average		Total		Average		Total		Average		Total
	Recorded		Interest		Recorded		Interest		Recorded		Interest
(dollars in thousands)	Investment		Income		Investment		Income		Investment		Income
Three months ended September 30, 2019
Builder & developer	$	1,281	$	4	$	243	$	0	$	1,524	$	4
Commercial real estate investor		2,594		35		0		0		2,594		35
Residential real estate investor		588		4		5,113		0		5,701		4
Hotel/Motel		0		0		0		0		0		0
Wholesale & retail		244		2		7,317		0		7,561		2
Manufacturing		15		4		1,281		0		1,296		4
Agriculture		1,221		6		529		0		1,750		6
Other commercial		2,096		0		5,788		0		7,884		0
Total impaired commercial related loans		8,039		55		20,271		0		28,310		55
Residential mortgage		121		0		0		0		121		0
Home equity		575		5		0		0		575		5
Other consumer		278		4		0		0		278		4
Total impaired consumer related loans		974		9		0		0		974		9
Total impaired loans	$	9,013	$	64	$	20,271	$	0	$	29,284	$	64
Three months ended September 30, 2018
Builder & developer	$	1,280	$	4	$	69	$	2	$	1,349	$	6
Commercial real estate investor		6,040		82		0		0		6,040		82
Residential real estate investor		1,909		17		0		0		1,909		17
Hotel/Motel		0		0		0		0		0		0
Wholesale & retail		3,538		3		3,909		116		7,447		119
Manufacturing		2,422		23		925		69		3,347		92
Agriculture		477		3		0		0		477		3
Other commercial		1,039		18		0		0		1,039		18
Total impaired commercial related loans		16,705		150		4,903		187		21,608		337
Residential mortgage		394		31		0		0		394		31
Home equity		529		6		0		0		529		6
Other consumer		248		8		0		0		248		8
Total impaired consumer related loans		1,171		45		0		0		1,171		45
Total impaired loans	$	17,876	$	195	$	4,903	$	187	$	22,779	$	382

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	With No Related Allowance				With A Related Allowance				Total
	Average		Total		Average		Total		Average		Total
	Recorded		Interest		Recorded		Interest		Recorded		Interest
(dollars in thousands)	Investment		Income		Investment		Income		Investment		Income
Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Builder & developer	$	1,202	$	32	$	156	$	0	$	1,358	$	32
Commercial real estate investor		3,102		103		0		0		3,102		103
Residential real estate investor		601		15		4,729		0		5,330		15
Hotel/Motel		0		0		0		0		0		0
Wholesale & retail		1,483		8		7,359		0		8,842		8
Manufacturing		342		13		1,462		0		1,804		13
Agriculture		939		17		265		0		1,204		17
Other commercial		4,849		0		5,329		0		10,178		0
Total impaired commercial related loans		12,518		188		19,300		0		31,818		188
Residential mortgage		335		9		0		0		335		9
Home equity		590		15		0		0		590		15
Other consumer		278		13		0		0		278		13
Total impaired consumer related loans		1,203		37		0		0		1,203		37
Total impaired loans	$	13,721	$	225	$	19,300	$	0	$	33,021	$	225
Nine months ended September 30, 2018
Builder & developer	$	1,883	$	10	$	35	$	7	$	1,918	$	17
Commercial real estate investor		5,296		224		265		0		5,561		224
Residential real estate investor		1,637		42		0		0		1,637		42
Hotel/Motel		0		0		0		0		0		0
Wholesale & retail		5,316		8		1,954		301		7,270		309
Manufacturing		3,087		68		463		206		3,550		274
Agriculture		427		4		0		0		427		4
Other commercial		1,031		48		0		0		1,031		48
Total impaired commercial related loans		18,677		404		2,717		514		21,394		918
Residential mortgage		327		32		0		0		327		32
Home equity		492		29		0		0		492		29
Other consumer		242		26		0		0		242		26
Total impaired consumer related loans		1,061		87		0		0		1,061		87
Total impaired loans	$	19,738	$	491	$	2,717	$	514	$	22,455	$	1,005

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Past Due and Nonaccrual

The performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio is also monitored by using an aging schedule that shows the length of time a loan is past due.  The table below presents a summary of past due loans, nonaccrual loans and current loans by loan segment and class at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

					≥ 90 Days
	30-59		60-89		Past Due				Total Past
	Days		Days		and				Due and				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Past Due		Past Due		Accruing		Nonaccrual		Nonaccrual		Current		Loans
September 30, 2019
Builder & developer	$	175	$	651	$	570	$	1,634	$	3,030	$	143,799	$	146,829
Commercial real estate investor		0		0		0		228		228		212,343		212,571
Residential real estate investor		51		0		114		6,738		6,903		222,374		229,277
Hotel/Motel		0		0		0		0		0		80,868		80,868
Wholesale & retail		286		31		2,293		7,401		10,011		105,533		115,544
Manufacturing		0		0		670		1,248		1,918		87,819		89,737
Agriculture		0		0		0		2,852		2,852		75,654		78,506
Other		1,160		876		46		7,110		9,192		311,462		320,654
Total commercial related loans		1,672		1,558		3,693		27,211		34,134		1,239,852		1,273,986
Residential mortgage		0		155		104		121		380		92,142		92,522
Home equity		374		183		0		620		1,177		99,123		100,300
Other		5		73		44		296		418		23,420		23,838
Total consumer related loans		379		411		148		1,037		1,975		214,685		216,660
Total loans	$	2,051	$	1,969	$	3,841	$	28,248	$	36,109	$	1,454,537	$	1,490,646
December 31, 2018
Builder & developer	$	159	$	547	$	43	$	774	$	1,523	$	153,454	$	154,977
Commercial real estate investor		0		0		1,828		235		2,063		208,438		210,501
Residential real estate investor		244		812		0		5,059		6,115		225,003		231,118
Hotel/Motel		0		0		0		0		0		77,480		77,480
Wholesale & retail		0		0		97		7,629		7,726		109,554		117,280
Manufacturing		0		0		0		1,724		1,724		78,351		80,075
Agriculture		0		0		0		660		660		64,880		65,540
Other		4,877		0		0		3,450		8,327		334,512		342,839
Total commercial related loans		5,280		1,359		1,968		19,531		28,138		1,251,672		1,279,810
Residential mortgage		0		10		66		583		659		83,318		83,977
Home equity		206		94		0		611		911		97,108		98,019
Other		263		2		94		263		622		23,252		23,874
Total consumer related loans		469		106		160		1,457		2,192		203,678		205,870
Total loans	$	5,749	$	1,465	$	2,128	$	20,988	$	30,330	$	1,455,350	$	1,485,680

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Troubled Debt Restructurings

Loans classified as troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) are designated impaired and arise when the Corporation grants borrowers experiencing financial difficulties concessions that it would not otherwise consider.  Concessions granted with respect to these loans generally involve an extension of the maturity date or a below market interest rate relative to new debt with similar credit risk. Generally, these loans are secured by real estate.  If repayment of the loan is determined to be collateral dependent, the loan is evaluated for impairment loss based on the fair value of the collateral.  For loans that are not collateral dependent, the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate, is used to determine any impairment loss. A nonaccrual TDR represents a nonaccrual loan, as previously defined, which includes an economic concession. Nonaccrual TDRs are restored to accrual status if principal and interest payments, under the modified terms, are current for six consecutive payments after the modification and future principal and interest payments are reasonably assured. In contrast, an accruing TDR represents a loan that, at the time of the modification, has a demonstrated history of payments and management believes that future loan payments are reasonably assured under the modified terms.

The table below shows loans whose terms have been modified under TDRs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.  There were no impairment losses recognized on these TDRs. There were no defaults during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 for TDRs entered into during the previous 12 month period.

	Modifications
			Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	Number		Outstanding		Outstanding		Recorded
	of		Recorded		Recorded		Investment
(dollars in thousands)	Contracts		Investments		Investments		at Period End
Three months ended:
September 30, 2019
None
September 30, 2018
Commercial related loans accruing		2	$	1,114	$	1,155	$	1,154
Nine months ended:
September 30, 2019
Commercial related loans accruing		1	$	63	$	63	$	56
September 30, 2018
Commercial related loans accruing		3	$	1,264	$	1,305	$	1,293

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NOTE 5 – Allowance for Loan Losses

The table below shows the activity in and the composition of the allowance for loan losses by loan segment and class detail as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. 

	Allowance for Loan Losses
	July 1, 2019										September 30, 2019
(dollars in thousands)		Balance		Charge-offs			Recoveries		Provision			Balance
Builder & developer	$	2,708	$	(8	)	$	0	$	(495	)	$	2,205
Commercial real estate investor		2,568		0			0		60			2,628
Residential real estate investor		3,888		0			3		33			3,924
Hotel/Motel		746		0			0		2			748
Wholesale & retail		3,482		(24	)		0		144			3,602
Manufacturing		1,355		0			0		(74	)		1,281
Agriculture		556		0			0		819			1,375
Other commercial		5,145		0			0		(380	)		4,765
Total commercial related loans		20,448		(32	)		3		109			20,528
Residential mortgage		137		0			0		13			150
Home equity		272		(30	)		69		(97	)		214
Other consumer		160		(35	)		15		20			160
Total consumer related loans		569		(65	)		84		(64	)		524
Unallocated		157		0			0		(45	)		112
Total	$	21,174	$	(97	)	$	87	$	0		$	21,164

	Allowance for Loan Losses
	July 1, 2018										September 30, 2018
(dollars in thousands)		Balance		Charge-offs			Recoveries		Provision			Balance
Builder & developer	$	2,899	$	(144	)	$	41	$	218		$	3,014
Commercial real estate investor		2,695		0			0		49			2,744
Residential real estate investor		2,424		(1	)		3		68			2,494
Hotel/Motel		764		0			0		46			810
Wholesale & retail		938		0			1		775			1,714
Manufacturing		645		0			0		681			1,326
Agriculture		471		0			0		76			547
Other commercial		2,955		0			18		(63	)		2,910
Total commercial related loans		13,791		(145	)		63		1,850			15,559
Residential mortgage		114		0			9		(1	)		122
Home equity		203		(123	)		0		203			283
Other consumer		192		(30	)		13		(17	)		158
Total consumer related loans		509		(153	)		22		185			563
Unallocated		2,847		0			0		(735	)		2,112
Total	$	17,147	$	(298	)	$	85	$	1,300		$	18,234

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	Allowance for Loan Losses
	January 1, 2019										September 30, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		Charge-offs			Recoveries		Provision			Balance
Builder & developer	$	2,835	$	(8	)	$	0	$	(622	)	$	2,205
Commercial real estate investor		2,636		0			0		(8	)		2,628
Residential real estate investor		3,945		0			9		(30	)		3,924
Hotel/Motel		732		0			0		16			748
Wholesale & retail		1,813		(24	)		0		1,813			3,602
Manufacturing		1,287		0			0		(6	)		1,281
Agriculture		579		0			0		796			1,375
Other commercial		4,063		(46	)		0		748			4,765
Total commercial related loans		17,890		(78	)		9		2,707			20,528
Residential mortgage		126		0			0		24			150
Home equity		265		(147	)		71		25			214
Other consumer		144		(125	)		40		101			160
Total consumer related loans		535		(272	)		111		150			524
Unallocated		719		0			0		(607	)		112
Total	$	19,144	$	(350	)	$	120	$	2,250		$	21,164

	Allowance for Loan Losses
	January 1, 2018										September 30, 2018
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		Charge-offs			Recoveries		Provision			Balance
Builder & developer	$	3,388	$	(144	)	$	59	$	(289	)	$	3,014
Commercial real estate investor		3,013		0			0		(269	)		2,744
Residential real estate investor		2,505		(2	)		77		(86	)		2,494
Hotel/Motel		637		0			0		173			810
Wholesale & retail		909		0			3		802			1,714
Manufacturing		592		0			0		734			1,326
Agriculture		431		0			0		116			547
Other commercial		2,643		0			18		249			2,910
Total commercial related loans		14,118		(146	)		157		1,430			15,559
Residential mortgage		108		(10	)		10		14			122
Home equity		217		(123	)		0		189			283
Other consumer		66		(166	)		23		235			158
Total consumer related loans		391		(299	)		33		438			563
Unallocated		2,180		0			0		(68	)		2,112
Total	$	16,689	$	(445	)	$	190	$	1,800		$	18,234

- 27 -

The table below shows the allowance amount required for loans individually evaluated for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018.

	Allowance for Loan Losses						Loans
	Individually		Collectively				Individually		Collectively
	Evaluated For		Evaluated For				Evaluated For		Evaluated For
(dollars in thousands)	Impairment		Impairment		Balance		Impairment		Impairment		Balance
September 30, 2019
Builder & developer	$	276	$	1,929	$	2,205	$	1,857	$	144,972	$	146,829
Commercial real estate investor		0		2,628		2,628		2,568		210,003		212,571
Residential real estate investor		1,316		2,608		3,924		6,738		222,539		229,277
Hotel/Motel		0		748		748		0		80,868		80,868
Wholesale & retail		2,537		1,065		3,602		7,645		107,899		115,544
Manufacturing		463		818		1,281		1,248		88,489		89,737
Agriculture		714		661		1,375		2,852		75,654		78,506
Other commercial		2,079		2,686		4,765		7,110		313,544		320,654
Total commercial related		7,385		13,143		20,528		30,018		1,243,968		1,273,986
Residential mortgage		0		150		150		121		92,401		92,522
Home equity		0		214		214		620		99,680		100,300
Other consumer		0		160		160		296		23,542		23,838
Total consumer related		0		524		524		1,037		215,623		216,660
Unallocated		0		112		112		0		0		0
Total	$	7,385	$	13,779	$	21,164	$	31,055	$	1,459,591	$	1,490,646

December 31, 2018
Builder & developer	$	51	$	2,784	$	2,835	$	1,185	$	153,792	$	154,977
Commercial real estate investor		0		2,636		2,636		4,552		205,949		210,501
Residential real estate investor		1,218		2,727		3,945		5,294		225,824		231,118
Hotel/Motel		0		732		732		0		77,480		77,480
Wholesale & retail		757		1,056		1,813		12,829		104,451		117,280
Manufacturing		539		748		1,287		3,026		77,049		80,075
Agriculture		0		579		579		660		64,880		65,540
Other commercial		1,114		2,949		4,063		16,139		326,700		342,839
Total commercial related		3,679		14,211		17,890		43,685		1,236,125		1,279,810
Residential mortgage		0		126		126		665		83,312		83,977
Home equity		0		265		265		611		97,408		98,019
Other consumer		0		144		144		272		23,602		23,874
Total consumer related		0		535		535		1,548		204,322		205,870
Unallocated		0		719		719		0		0		0
Total	$	3,679	$	15,465	$	19,144	$	45,233	$	1,440,447	$	1,485,680

September 30, 2018
Builder & developer	$	51	$	2,963	$	3,014	$	415	$	162,187	$	162,602
Commercial real estate investor		0		2,744		2,744		4,966		214,458		219,424
Residential real estate investor		0		2,494		2,494		2,176		232,950		235,126
Hotel/Motel		0		810		810		0		86,815		86,815
Wholesale & retail		757		957		1,714		8,164		97,785		105,949
Manufacturing		539		787		1,326		3,244		81,197		84,441
Agriculture		0		547		547		661		64,859		65,520
Other commercial		0		2,910		2,910		1,117		329,526		330,643
Total commercial related		1,347		14,212		15,559		20,743		1,269,777		1,290,520
Residential mortgage		0		122		122		550		82,213		82,763
Home equity		0		283		283		493		96,808		97,301
Other consumer		0		158		158		242		23,201		23,443
Total consumer related		0		563		563		1,285		202,222		203,507
Unallocated		0		2,112		2,112		0		0		0
Total	$	1,347	$	16,887	$	18,234	$	22,028	$	1,471,999	$	1,494,027

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Note 6—Deposits

The composition of deposits as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is shown below.  The aggregate amount of demand deposit overdrafts that were reclassified as loans is $140,000 at September 30, 2019, compared to $116,000 at December 31, 2018.

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Noninterest bearing demand	$	268,547	$	252,777
Interest bearing demand		166,400		156,858
Money market		502,797		535,454
Savings		83,268		85,415
Time deposits less than $100		300,747		271,794
Time deposits $100 to $250		175,022		144,866
Time deposits $250 or more		63,243		48,116
Total deposits	$	1,560,024	$	1,495,280

Note 7—Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt

Short-term borrowings consist of securities sold under agreements to repurchase, federal funds purchased and other borrowings.  At September 30, 2019, the balance of securities sold under agreements to repurchase was $8,830,000 compared to $7,022,000 at December 31, 2018.  At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were no other short-term borrowings.

The following table presents a summary of long-term debt as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.  PeoplesBank’s long-term debt obligations to the FHLBP are fixed rate instruments.  Under terms of a blanket collateral agreement with the FHLBP, the obligations are secured by FHLBP stock and PeoplesBank qualifying loan receivables, principally real estate secured loans. 

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
PeoplesBank’s obligations:
Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (FHLBP)
Due April 2019, 1.64%	$	0		10,000
Due June 2019, 1.64%		0		5,000
Due June 2019, 2.10%		0		5,000
Due December 2019, 1.89%		15,000		15,000
Due March 2020, 1.86%		10,000		10,000
Due June 2020, 1.87%		15,000		15,000
Due June 2020, 2.70%		10,000		10,000
Due June 2021, 2.81%		10,000		10,000
Due June 2021, 2.14%		15,000		15,000
Due May 2022, 2.98%		10,000		10,000
Total FHLBP		85,000		105,000
Codorus Valley Bancorp, Inc. obligations:
Junior subordinated debt
Due 2034, 4.14%, floating rate based on 3 month
LIBOR plus 2.02%, callable quarterly		3,093		3,093
Due 2036, 3.84% floating rate based on 3 month
LIBOR plus 1.54%, callable quarterly		7,217		7,217
Total junior subordinated debt		10,310		10,310
Lease obligations included in long-term debt:
Finance lease liabilities		1,448		0
Total long-term debt	$	96,758	$	115,310

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At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, municipal deposit letters of credit issued by the FHLBP on behalf of PeoplesBank naming applicable municipalities as beneficiaries were $42,000,000. The letters of credit took the place of securities pledged to the municipalities for their deposits maintained at PeoplesBank.

In June 2006, Codorus Valley formed CVB Statutory Trust No. 2, a wholly-owned special purpose subsidiary whose sole purpose was to facilitate a pooled trust preferred debt issuance of $7,217,000.  In November 2004, Codorus Valley formed CVB Statutory Trust No. 1 to facilitate a pooled trust preferred debt issuance of $3,093,000.  The Corporation owns all of the common stock of these nonbank subsidiaries, and the debentures are the sole assets of the Trusts.  The accounts of both Trusts are not consolidated for financial reporting purposes in accordance with FASB ASC 810.  For regulatory capital purposes, all of the Corporation’s trust preferred securities qualified as Tier 1 capital for all reported periods.  Trust preferred securities are subject to capital limitations under the FDIC’s risk-based capital guidelines.  The Corporation used the net proceeds from these offerings to fund its operations.

Note 8—Leases

A lease is defined as a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration.  On January 1, 2019, the Corporation adopted ASU 2016-02 “Leases” (Topic 842) and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 842.  For the Corporation, Topic 842 affected the accounting treatment for operating lease agreements in which the Corporation is the lessee.

Substantially all of the leases in which the Corporation is the lessee are comprised of real estate property, ATM locations, and office space.  Substantially all of our leases are classified as operating leases, and therefore, were previously not recognized on the Corporation’s consolidated statements of condition.  With the adoption of Topic 842, operating lease agreements are required to be recognized on the consolidated statements of condition as a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and a corresponding lease liability.  The Corporation has two finance leases for two financial centers. 

Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated statement of condition.  The leases have remaining lease terms of 1 year to 25 years, some of which include options to extend.  Upon opening a new financial center, we typically install brand-specific leasehold improvements which are depreciated over the shorter of the useful life or length of the lease.  To the extent that the initial lease term of the related lease is less than the useful life of the leasehold improvements and, taking into consideration the dollar amount of the improvements, we conclude that it is reasonably certain that a renewal option will be exercised, the renewal period is included in the lease term, and the related payments are reflected in the ROU asset and lease liability.  Regarding the discount rate, Topic 842 requires the use of the rate implicit in the lease whenever this rate is readily determinable.  As this rate is rarely determinable, the Corporation utilizes its incremental borrowing rate at lease inception, on an amortizing and collateralized basis, over a similar term.  For operating leases existing prior to January 1, 2019, the rate for the remaining lease term as of January 1, 2019 was used.  For the Corporation’s financing leases, the Corporation utilized its incremental borrowing rate at lease inception.

All of our leases include fixed rental payments.  We commonly enter into leases under which the lease payments increase at pre-determined dates based on the change in the consumer price index.  While the majority of our leases are gross leases, we also have a number of leases in which we make separate payments to the lessor based on the lessor’s property and casualty insurance cost and the property taxes assessed on the property, as well as a portion of the common area maintenance associated with the property.  We have elected the practical expedient not to separate lease and nonlease components for all of our building leases. 

- 30 -

The components of lease expense were as follows: 

(dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	189
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	17
Interest on lease liability		13
Total finance lease cost	$	30
Total lease cost	$	219

(dollars in thousands)	Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	565
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	51
Interest on lease liability		39
Total finance lease cost	$	90
Total lease cost	$	655

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows: 

	Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	583
Operating cash flows from financing leases		39
Financing cash flows from financing leases		31
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases		13
Finance leases		0

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Amounts recognized as right-of-use assets related to finance leases are included in fixed assets in the accompanying statement of financial position, while related lease liabilities are included in long-term debt. Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

	September 30, 2019
Assets:
Operating leases right-of-use assets	$	2,408
Finance leases assets		1,260
Total lease assets	$	3,668
Liabilities:
Operating	$	2,579
Financing		1,448
Total lease liabilities	$	4,027
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (years)
Operating leases		4.6
Finance leases		22.8
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases		2.97	%
Finance leases		3.63	%

Future minimum payments for financing leases and operating leases with initial terms of one year or more as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

Year Ending December 31,	Operating Leases			Finance Leases
2019	$	183		$	24
2020		659			99
2021		599			100
2022		437			100
2023		382			100
Thereafter		527			1,767
Total lease payments		2,787			2,190
Less imputed interest		(208	)		(742	)
Total	$	2,579		$	1,448

(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2018
2019	$	814
2020		592
2021		460
2022		340
2023		334
Thereafter		283
Total future minimum lease payments	$	2,823

Note 9—Regulatory Matters

The Corporation and PeoplesBank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements.  Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if imposed, could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial statements.  Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Corporation and PeoplesBank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices.  The capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators.

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On July 2, 2013, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System finalized its rule implementing the Basel III regulatory capital framework, which the FDIC adopted on July 9, 2013. Under the rule, minimum requirements increased both the quantity and quality of capital held by banking organizations. Consistent with the Basel III framework, the rule included a new minimum ratio of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of 4.5 percent, and a common equity Tier 1 conservation buffer of 2.5 percent of risk-weighted assets, that applies to all supervised financial institutions, which is to be phased in over a four year period beginning January 1, 2016, with the full 2.5 percent required as of January 1, 2019.  The rule also raised the minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets from 4 percent to 6 percent, and includes a minimum leverage ratio of 4 percent for all banking organizations. The new rule also increased the risk weights for past-due loans, certain commercial real estate loans, and some equity exposures, and makes selected other changes in risk weights and credit conversion factors. The rule for smaller, less complex institutions, including the Corporation, took effect January 1, 2015.

As of September 30, 2019, the Corporation and PeoplesBank met the minimum requirements of the Basel III framework, and PeoplesBank’s capital ratios exceeded the amount to be considered “well capitalized” as defined in the regulations.  The table below provides a comparison of the Corporation’s and PeoplesBank’s risk-based capital ratios and leverage ratios to the minimum regulatory requirement for the periods indicated.    

	Actual					Minimum for Basel III Capital Adequacy (1)					Well Capitalized Minimum (2)
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Codorus Valley Bancorp, Inc. (consolidated)
at September 30, 2019
Capital ratios:
Common equity Tier 1	$	185,310		12.33	%	$	105,186		7.000	%		n/a		n/a
Tier 1 risk based		195,310		13.00			127,726		8.500			n/a		n/a
Total risk based		214,123		14.25			157,779		10.500			n/a		n/a
Leverage		195,310		10.50			74,428		4.00			n/a		n/a
at December 31, 2018
Capital ratios:
Common equity Tier 1	$	178,656		12.15	%	$	93,708		6.375	%		n/a		n/a
Tier 1 risk based		188,656		12.83			115,757		7.875			n/a		n/a
Total risk based		207,040		14.08			145,155		9.875			n/a		n/a
Leverage		188,656		10.46			72,119		4.00			n/a		n/a
PeoplesBank, A Codorus Valley Company
at September 30, 2019
Capital ratios:
Common equity Tier 1	$	191,516		12.78	%	$	104,927		7.000	%	$	97,432		6.50	%
Tier 1 risk based		191,516		12.78			127,411		8.500			119,916		8.00
Total risk based		210,283		14.03			157,390		10.500			149,895		10.00
Leverage		191,516		10.31			74,281		4.00			92,851		5.00
at December 31, 2018
Capital ratios:
Common equity Tier 1	$	184,420		12.58	%	$	93,466		6.375	%	$	95,298		6.50	%
Tier 1 risk based		184,420		12.58			115,457		7.875			117,290		8.00
Total risk based		202,757		13.83			144,780		9.875			146,613		10.00
Leverage		184,420		10.25			71,968		4.00			89,960		5.00

(1) Minimum Basel III capital adequacy requirements in order to avoid limitations on distributions, including dividend payments, and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers.  Minimum amounts and ratios as of September 30, 2019 include the full phase in of the capital conservation buffer of 2.5 percent required by the Basel III framework.  At December 31, 2018, the minimum amounts and ratios included the third year phase in of the capital conservation buffer of 1.875 percent required by the Basel III framework.  The conservation buffer is to be phased in over a four year period beginning January 1, 2016, with the full 2.5 percent required as of January 1, 2019. 

(2) To be “well capitalized” under the prompt corrective action provisions in the Basel III framework.  “Well capitalized” applies to PeoplesBank only.

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Note 10—Shareholders’ Equity

Stock Dividend

Periodically, the Corporation distributes stock dividends on its stock. On October 8, 2019, the Corporation declared a 5 percent stock dividend payable on December 10, 2019, to shareholders of record at close of business on October 22, 2019. Distribution of this stock dividend will result in the issuance of approximately 465,473 additional shares. The Corporation distributed a 5 percent stock dividend on December 11, 2018 which resulted in the issuance of 447,092 additional shares.

Share Repurchase

The Corporation has a Share Repurchase Program (the “Program”), authorized in 2018, which permits the purchase of up to a maximum of 4.9 percent of the outstanding shares of the Corporation’s common stock at a price no greater than 150 percent of the latest quarterly published book value.  The Corporation’s Board of Directors, under the Program, has approved the repurchase of shares of its common stock in an aggregate amount of up to $5 million.  During the third quarter of 2019 the Corporation repurchased 121,200 shares at an average price of $22.85 for a total of $2,800,000. During the first nine months of 2019 the Corporation repurchased 156,800 shares at an average price of $22.52 for a total of $3,500,000.

Note 11—Contingent Liabilities     

There are no legal proceedings pending against Codorus Valley Bancorp, Inc. or any of its subsidiaries which are expected to have a material impact upon the consolidated financial position and/or operating results of the Corporation, other than routine litigation incidental to the business. Management is not aware of any proceedings known or contemplated by government authorities.

Note 12—Guarantees    

Codorus Valley does not issue any guarantees that would require liability recognition or disclosure, other than its standby letters of credit.  Standby letters of credit are written conditional commitments issued by PeoplesBank to guarantee the performance of a client to a third party.  Generally, all letters of credit, when issued, have expiration dates within one year.  The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as those that are involved in extending loan facilities to clients.  The Corporation generally holds collateral and/or personal guarantees supporting these commitments.  The Corporation had $20,020,000 of standby letters of credit outstanding on September 30, 2019, compared to $23,737,000 on December 31, 2018. Management believes that the proceeds obtained through a liquidation of collateral and the enforcement of guarantees would be sufficient to cover the potential amount of future payments required under the corresponding letters of credit. The amount of the liability as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, for guarantees under standby letters of credit issued, was not material. Many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon and, therefore, generally do not present significant liquidity risk to the Corporation or PeoplesBank.

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Note 13—Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

The Corporation uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities; however, there are inherent weaknesses in any estimation technique.  Therefore, the fair value estimates herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized in sales transactions on the dates indicated.  The estimated fair value amounts have been measured as of their respective period-ends and have not been re-evaluated or updated for purposes of these financial statements subsequent to those respective dates.  As such, the estimated fair values subsequent to the respective reporting dates may be different than the amounts reported at each period end.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for an asset or liability in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date.  GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the use of inputs used in valuation methodologies into the following three levels:

Level 1:  Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices, unadjusted, for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.  A quoted price in an active market provides the most reliable evidence of fair value and shall be used to measure fair value whenever available.

Level 2:  Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or inputs to the valuation methodology that utilize model-based techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

Level 3:  Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement; inputs to the valuation methodology that utilize model-based techniques for which significant assumptions are not observable in the market; or inputs to the valuation methodology that require significant management judgment or estimation, some of which may be internally developed.

Since management maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value, an asset’s or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.  Management reviews and updates the fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis.

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Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Securities available-for-sale

The fair values of investment securities were measured using information from a third-party pricing service. The pricing service uses quoted market prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1), or matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique, used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities, but rather, by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices. At least annually, the Corporation reviews a random sample of the pricing information received from the third-party pricing service by comparing it to price quotes from third-party brokers. Historically, price deviations have been immaterial. 

			Fair Value Measurements
(dollars in thousands)	Total		(Level 1) Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		(Level 2) Significant Other Observable  Inputs		(Level 3) Significant Other Unobservable Inputs
September 30, 2019
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury notes	$	17,954	$	17,954	$	0	$	0
U.S. agency		14,941		0		14,941		0
U.S. agency mortgage-backed, residential		102,729		0		102,729		0
State and municipal		27,294		0		27,294		0
December 31, 2018
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury notes	$	19,003	$	19,003	$	0	$	0
U.S. agency		15,063		0		15,063		0
U.S. agency mortgage-backed, residential		74,555		0		74,555		0
State and municipal		40,972		0		40,972		0

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Impaired loans

Impaired loans are those that are accounted for under FASB ASC Topic 310, in which the Corporation has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral.  Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds.  These loans are included as Level 3 fair values, based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.  At September 30, 2019, the fair value of impaired loans with a valuation allowance or partial charge-off was $13,849,000, net of valuation allowances of $7,385,000 and partial charge-offs of $134,000.  At December 31, 2018 the fair value of impaired loans with a valuation allowance or charge-off was $13,297,000, net of valuation allowances of $3,679,000 and charge-offs of $134,000. 

Foreclosed Real Estate

Other real estate property acquired through foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value of the property at the transfer date less estimated selling cost. Subsequently, other real estate owned is carried at the lower of its carrying value or the fair value less estimated selling cost.  Fair value is usually determined based on an independent third-party appraisal of the property or occasionally on a recent sales offer.  At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there were no foreclosed real estate assets with a valuation allowance or write-down. 

			Fair Value Measurements
(dollars in thousands)	Total		(Level 1) Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		(Level 2) Significant Other  Observable Inputs		(Level 3) Significant Other Unobservable Inputs
September 30, 2019
Impaired loans	$	13,849	$	0	$	0	$	13,849
December 31, 2018
Impaired loans	$	13,297	$	0	$	0	$	13,297

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The following table presents additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and for which the Corporation has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:

		Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
	Fair Value		Valuation	Unobservable		Weighted
(dollars in thousands)	Estimate		Techniques	Input	Range	Average
September 30, 2019
Impaired loans	$	8,216	Appraisal (1)	Appraisal adjustments (2)	15% - 50%	41	%
Impaired loans		5,633	Business asset valuation (3)	Business asset valuation adjustments (4)	10% - 73%	70	%
December 31, 2018
Impaired loans	$	5,257	Appraisal (1)	Appraisal adjustments (2)	15% - 50%	39	%
Impaired loans		8,040	Business asset valuation (3)	Business asset valuation adjustments (4)	10% - 53%	51	%

(1) Fair value is generally determined through independent appraisals, which generally include various level 3 inputs that are not identifiable.

(2) Appraisal amounts may be adjusted downward by the Corporation’s management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses.  The range of liquidation expense adjustments are presented as a percent of the appraisal.

(3) Fair value is generally determined through customer-provided financial statements.

(4) Business asset valuation may be adjusted downward by the corporation’s management qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses.  The range of liquidation expenses adjustments are presented as a percent of the financial statement book value.

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The following presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Corporation’s financial instruments as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. 

					Fair Value Estimates
					(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
					Quoted Prices		Significant		Significant
					in Active		Other		Other
	Carrying		Estimated		Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		Fair Value		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
September 30, 2019
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	127,346	$	127,346	$	127,346	$	0	$	0
Securities available-for-sale		162,918		162,918		17,954		144,964		0
Restricted investment in bank stocks		4,551		4,551		0		4,551		0
Loans held for sale		9,745		10,330		0		10,330		0
Loans, net		1,469,482		1,457,416		0		0		1,457,416
Interest receivable		4,975		4,975		0		4,975		0
Mortgage servicing rights		925		979		0		0		979
Financial liabilities
Deposits	$	1,560,024	$	1,552,685	$	0	$	1,552,685	$	0
Short-term borrowings		8,830		8,830		0		8,830		0
Long-term debt (1)		95,310		94,919		0		85,488		9,431
Interest payable		864		864		0		864		0
Off-balance sheet instruments		0		0		0		0		0
December 31, 2018
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	96,782	$	96,782	$	96,782	$	0	$	0
Securities available-for-sale		149,593		149,593		19,003		130,590		0
Restricted investment in bank stocks		5,922		5,922		0		5,922		0
Loans held for sale		4,127		4,302		0		4,302		0
Loans, net		1,466,536		1,437,415		0		0		1,437,415
Interest receivable		5,552		5,552		0		5,552		0
Mortgage servicing rights		925		1,052		0		0		1,052
Financial liabilities
Deposits	$	1,495,280	$	1,479,997	$	0	$	1,479,997	$	0
Short-term borrowings		7,022		7,022		0		7,022		0
Long-term debt		115,310		112,406		0		104,332		8,074
Interest payable		836		836		0		836		0
Off-balance sheet instruments		0		0		0		0		0

(1) Exclude leases included in Long-term debt

- 38 -

Note 14—Assets and Liabilities Subject to Offsetting

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

PeoplesBank enters into agreements with clients in which it sells securities subject to an obligation to repurchase the same securities (“repurchase agreements”).  The contractual maturity of the repurchase agreement is overnight and continues until either party terminates the agreement.  These repurchase agreements are accounted for as a collateralized financing arrangement (i.e., secured borrowings) and not as a sale and subsequent repurchase of securities.  The obligation to repurchase the securities is reflected as a liability (short-term borrowings) in the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements of condition, while the securities underlying the repurchase agreements are appropriately segregated for safekeeping purposes and remain in the respective securities asset accounts.  Thus, there is no offsetting or netting of the securities with the repurchase agreement liabilities.

							Gross amounts Not Offset in
			Gross		Net Amounts		the Statements of Condition
	Gross		Amounts		of Liabilities		Financial Instruments
	Amounts of		Offset in the		Presented in		U.S. agency				Cash
	Recognized		Statements		the Statements		mortgage-backed,				Collateral		Net
(dollars in thousands)	Liabilities		of Condition		of Condition		residential		U.S. agency		Pledged		Amount
September 30, 2019
Repurchase Agreements	$	8,830	$	0	$	8,830	$	(10,070)	$	0	$	0	$	(1,240	)
December 31, 2018
Repurchase Agreements	$	7,022	$	0	$	7,022	$	(8,981)	$	0	$	0	$	(1,959	)

- 39 -

Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Management’s discussion and analysis of the significant changes in the results of operations, capital resources and liquidity presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for Codorus Valley Bancorp, Inc. (“Codorus Valley” or “the Corporation”), a bank holding company, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, PeoplesBank, A Codorus Valley Company (“PeoplesBank”), are provided below.  Codorus Valley’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations consist almost entirely of PeoplesBank’s financial condition and results of operations.  Current performance does not guarantee, and may not be indicative of, similar performance in the future.

Forward-looking Statements

Management of the Corporation has made forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q.  These forward-looking statements may be subject to risks and uncertainties.  Forward-looking statements include information concerning possible or assumed future results of operations of the Corporation and its subsidiaries.  When words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates” or similar expressions occur in the Form 10-Q, management is making forward-looking statements.

Note that many factors, some of which are discussed elsewhere in this report and in the documents that are incorporated by reference, could affect the future financial results of the Corporation and its subsidiaries, both individually and collectively, and could cause those results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements contained or incorporated by reference in this Form 10-Q.  These factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

● Operating, legal and regulatory risks;

● Credit risk, including an increase in nonperforming assets requiring loss provisions and the incurrence of carrying costs related to nonperforming assets;

● Interest rate fluctuations which could increase our cost of funds or decrease our yield on earning assets and therefore reduce our net interest income;

● Declines in the market value of investment securities considered to be other-than-temporary;

● Unavailability of capital when needed, or availability at less than favorable terms;

● Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential client or customer information, whether through a breach of our computer systems or otherwise, which may adversely affect the Corporation’s operations, net income or reputation;

● Inability to achieve merger-related synergies, and difficulties in integrating the business and operations of acquired institutions;

● A prolonged economic downturn;

● Political and competitive forces affecting banking, securities, asset management and credit services businesses;

● The effects of and changes in the rate of FDIC premiums, including special assessments;

● Future legislative or administrative changes to U.S. governmental capital programs;

● Future changes in federal or state tax laws or tax rates;

● Enacted financial reform legislation, e.g., Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, may have a significant impact on the Corporation’s business and results of operations; and 

● The risk that management’s analyses of these risks and forces could be incorrect and/or that the strategies developed to address them could be unsuccessful.

The Corporation undertakes no obligation to publicly revise or update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date of this report.  

- 40 -

Critical Accounting Policies

The Corporation’s critical accounting policies, as summarized in Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, include those related to the allowance for loan losses, valuation of foreclosed real estate, evaluation of other-than-temporary impairment of securities, and determination of acquisition-related goodwill and fair value adjustments, which require management to make significant judgments, estimates and assumptions that have a material impact on the carrying value of the respective assets and liabilities.  For this Form 10-Q, there were no material changes made to the Corporation’s critical accounting policies, which are more fully disclosed in Item 7 of the Corporation’s previously filed Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 vs. Three Months Ended September 30, 2018

Financial Highlights 

The Corporation’s net income (earnings) was $5,203,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, as compared to $5,060,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2018, an increase of $143,000 or 3 percent.

● Net interest income for the third quarter of 2019 decreased $419,000 or 3 percent below the same period in 2018, primarily due to higher rates of interest on time deposits offset by higher rates of interest on loans in the third quarter of 2019 as compared to the third quarter of 2018.

● The Corporation’s net interest margin (tax-equivalent basis) for the third quarter of 2019 was 3.60 percent, compared to 3.86 percent for the third quarter of 2018.  The net interest margin contraction was a result of a temporary increase in balance sheet liquidity, a changing yield curve and an increase in loans classified as nonaccrual.

● There was no provision for loan losses for the third quarter of 2019, as compared to a provision of $1,300,000 for the third quarter of 2018. The decreased provision expense in the third quarter of 2019 was primarily attributed to declines in the general reserve as a result of the net impact of changes in loans outstanding and the unallocated allowance, which were primarily offset by an increase in specific reserve allocations for impaired assets of $1.1 million.  The increase in specific reserve allocations was primarily attributable to the transfers of three commercial credits to nonaccrual status.  The allowance as a percentage of total loans was 1.42 percent at September 30, 2019 as compared to 1.29 percent at December 31, 2018 and 1.22 percent at September 30, 2018.

● Noninterest income for the third quarter of 2019 increased $166,000 or 5 percent compared to the third quarter of 2018.   Income from bank owned life insurance increased due to the purchase of additional insurance and other income increased due to additional referral fees recognized.  The increase was offset by a decrease in the gain on sale of loans held for sale, primarily the result of lower sale volumes in the third quarter of 2019.

● Noninterest expenses in the third quarter of 2019 were $849,000 or 7 percent higher than the third quarter of 2018.  Higher personnel costs, marketing and advertising and charitable donations accounted for a majority of the increase.  The increase was partially offset by a decrease in FDIC insurance attributed to an assessment credit issued by the FDIC as a result of the Deposit Insurance Fund exceeding its target level.

● The provision for income taxes for the third quarter of 2019 increased by $55,000 or 4 percent as compared to the third quarter of 2018 as a result of the higher income before taxes in the third quarter 2019 as compared to the third quarter 2018. 

- 41 -

The schedule below presents selected performance metrics for the third quarter of both 2019 and 2018.  Per share computations include the effect of stock dividends, including the 5 percent stock dividend declared on October 8, 2019.

	Three months ended
	September 30,
	2019			2018
Basic earnings per share	$	0.53		$	0.51
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.52		$	0.51
Cash dividend payout ratio		28.99	%		27.40	%
Return on average assets		1.12	%		1.14	%
Return on average equity		10.98	%		11.66	%
Net interest margin (tax equivalent basis)		3.60	%		3.86	%
Net overhead ratio		2.01	%		1.95	%
Efficiency ratio		65.48	%		60.30	%
Average equity to average assets		10.16	%		9.74	%

A more detailed analysis of the factors and trends affecting the Corporation’s earnings and financial position follows.

Income Statement Analysis

Net Interest Income

Unless otherwise noted, this section discusses interest income and interest expense amounts as reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income, which are not presented on a tax equivalent basis.

Net interest income for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 was $16,013,000, a decrease of $419,000 or 3 percent compared to net interest income of $16,432,000 for the third quarter of 2018.  The decrease was primarily attributable to higher rates of interest on time deposits offset by higher rates of interest on loans.

The Corporation’s net interest margin, computed as interest income (tax-equivalent basis) annualized as a percentage of average interest earning assets, was 3.60 percent for the third quarter of 2019 compared to the 3.86 percent for the third quarter of 2018.  The net interest margin contraction was a result of a temporary increase in balance sheet liquidity, a changing yield curve and an increase in loans classified as nonaccrual.   

Total interest income for the third quarter of 2019 totaled $21,466,000, an increase of $670,000 or 3 percent above the amount of total interest income for the third quarter of 2018.  The change was primarily a result of higher rates of interest on commercial loans and a higher volume and rate of investment securities and interest bearing deposits with banks.

Interest and dividend income on investments increased $88,000 or 9 percent in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.  The average balance of the investment securities portfolio increased $6,874,000 or 4 percent when comparing the third quarter of 2019 to the same period in 2018.  The tax-equivalent yield on investments for the third quarter of 2019 was 2.54 percent or 5 basis points higher than the 2.49 percent experienced in the third quarter of 2018.

Interest income on loans increased $267,000 or 1 percent in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.  The average balance of outstanding loans, primarily commercial loans, increased approximately $10,907,000 or 1 percent comparing the third quarter of 2019 to the same period in 2018.  Higher rates on the loan portfolio were the primary driver to the increase in interest income on loans.   The tax-equivalent yield on loans for the third quarter 2019 was 5.27 percent or 3 basis points more than the 5.24 percent experienced in the third quarter of 2018.

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Total interest expense for the third quarter of 2019 was $5,453,000, an increase of $1,089,000 or 25 percent as compared to total interest expense of $4,364,000 for the third quarter of 2018.  The change was primarily the result of an increase in the volume and cost of interest bearing demand and time deposits.

Interest expense on deposits increased $1,234,000 or 34 percent in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.  The average rate paid on interest bearing deposits was 1.48 percent in the third quarter of 2019 or 29 basis points higher than the average rate paid of 1.19 percent in the third quarter of 2018.  The average balance of interest bearing deposits for the third quarter of 2019 increased by $98,488,000 or 8 percent compared to the third quarter of 2018.  Also, the Corporation experienced favorable growth in noninterest-bearing deposits, with the average volume for the third quarter of 2019 increasing 3 percent to $264,550,000 as compared to $257,749,000 for the third quarter of 2018.

For the third quarter of 2019 interest expense on borrowings decreased $145,000 or 19 percent compared to the third quarter of 2018.  Short-term borrowings consisting of repurchase agreements and other short-term borrowings averaged $8,571,000 for the third quarter of 2019, compared to an average balance of $10,430,000 for the third quarter of 2018.  The rate on average short-term borrowings for the third quarter of 2019 was 0.51 percent, a decrease as compared to a rate of 0.57 percent for the third quarter of 2018.  Long-term debt, primarily from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (FHLBP), averaged $99,448,000 for the third quarter of 2019 and $135,310,000 for the third quarter of 2018. For the third quarter of 2019, the rate on average long-term borrowings was 2.50 percent, an increase as compared to a rate of 2.25 percent for the third quarter of 2018.

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Table 1-Average Balances and Interest Rates (tax equivalent basis)
	Three months ended September 30,
			2019								2018
	Average					Yield/			Average					Yield/
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		Interest			Rate			Balance		Interest			Rate
Assets
Interest bearing deposits with banks	$	109,636	$	602			2.18	%	$	57,361	$	287			1.99	%
Investment securities:
Taxable		138,390		865			2.48			111,601		668			2.37
Tax-exempt		26,339		188			2.83			46,254		324			2.78
Total investment securities		164,729		1,053			2.54			157,855		992			2.49
Loans:
Taxable (1)		1,484,676		19,764			5.28			1,468,188		19,465			5.26
Tax-exempt		10,342		104			3.99			15,923		144			3.59
Total loans		1,495,018		19,868			5.27			1,484,111		19,609			5.24
Total earning assets		1,769,383		21,523			4.83			1,699,327		20,888			4.88
Other assets (2)		95,081								83,115
Total assets	$	1,864,464							$	1,782,442
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Deposits:
Interest bearing demand	$	678,156	$	1,955			1.14	%	$	648,634	$	1,702			1.04	%
Savings		85,015		21			0.10			87,465		21			0.10
Time		527,662		2,839			2.13			456,246		1,858			1.62
Total interest bearing deposits		1,290,833		4,815			1.48			1,192,345		3,581			1.19
Short-term borrowings		8,571		11			0.51			10,430		15			0.57
Long-term debt		99,448		627			2.50			135,310		768			2.25
Total interest bearing liabilities		1,398,852		5,453			1.55			1,338,085		4,364			1.29
Noninterest bearing deposits		264,550								257,749
Other liabilities		11,592								13,018
Shareholders’ equity		189,470								173,590
Total liabilities and
shareholders’ equity	$	1,864,464							$	1,782,442
Net interest income (tax equivalent basis)			$	16,070							$	16,524
Net interest margin  (3)							3.60	%							3.86	%
Tax equivalent adjustment				(57	)							(92	)
Net interest income			$	16,013							$	16,432

(1) Average balance includes average nonaccrual loans of $24,392,000 for 2019 and $4,232,000 for 2018.

Interest includes net loan fees of $739,000 for 2019 and $868,000 for 2018.

(2) Average balance includes average bank owned life insurance, foreclosed real estate and unrealized holding gains (losses)   on investment securities.

(3) Net interest income (tax equivalent basis) annualized as a percentage of average earning assets.

- 44 -

Table 2-Rate/Volume Analysis of Changes in Net Interest Income (tax equivalent basis)
	Three months ended
	September 30,
	2019 vs. 2018
	Increase (decrease) due to change in*
(dollars in thousands)		Volume			Rate			Net
Interest Income
Interest bearing deposits with banks	$	262		$	53		$	315
Investment securities:
Taxable		122			74			196
Tax-exempt		(139	)		4			(135	)
Loans:
Taxable		(134	)		433			299
Tax-exempt		(50	)		10			(40	)
Total interest income		61			574			635
Interest Expense
Deposits:
Interest bearing demand		82			171			253
Savings		0			0			0
Time		291			690			981
Short-term borrowings		(3	)		(1	)		(4	)
Long-term debt		(190	)		49			(141	)
Total interest expense		180			909			1,089
Net interest income (tax equivalent basis)	$	(119	)	$	(335	)	$	(454	)

*Changes which are due to both volume and rate are allocated in proportion to their relationship to the amount of change attributed directly to volume or rate. 

Provision for Loan Losses

The provision for loan losses is an expense charged to earnings to cover the estimated losses attributable to uncollected loans. The provision reflects management’s judgment of an appropriate level for the allowance for loan losses. There was no provision for loan losses for the third quarter of 2019, a $1,300,000 decrease as compared to a provision of $1,300,000 for the third quarter of 2018.  The decreased provision expense in the third quarter of 2019 was primarily attributed to declines in the general reserve as a result of the net impact of changes in loans outstanding and the unallocated allowance, which were primarily offset by an increase in specific reserve allocations for impaired assets of $1.1 million.  The increase in specific reserve allocations was primarily attributable to the transfers of three commercial credits to nonaccrual status.  Both periods supported adequate allowance for loan loss coverage considering several factors. The allowance as a percentage of total loans was 1.42 percent at September 30, 2019, as compared to 1.29 percent at December 31, 2018 and 1.22 percent at September 30, 2018.

More information about the allowance for loan losses can be found in this report under the caption Allowance for Loan Losses on page 63.

- 45 -

Noninterest Income

The following table presents the components of total noninterest income for the third quarter of 2019, compared to the third quarter of 2018.  

Table 3 - Noninterest income
	Three months ended				Change
	September 30,				Increase (Decrease)
(dollars in thousands)	2019		2018		$			%
Trust and investment services fees	$	921	$	818	$	103			13	%
Income from mutual fund, annuity and insurance sales		255		255		0			0
Service charges on deposit accounts		1,239		1,187		52			4
Income from bank owned life insurance		301		248		53			21
Other income		443		364		79			22
Gain on sales of loans held for sale		312		435		(123	)		(28	)
Gain on sales of securities		2		0		2			*nm
Total noninterest income	$	3,473	$	3,307	$	166			5	%

*nm – not meaningful

The discussion that follows addresses changes in selected categories of noninterest income.  

Income from bank owned life insurance—The $53,000 or 21 percent increase in income from bank owned life insurance was due to increased income from the $6.6 million purchase of bank owned life insurance during the first quarter 2019.

Other income—The $79,000 or 22 percent increase in other income was due to higher loan related referral fees.

Gain on sales of loans held for sale—The $123,000 or 28 percent decrease in gain on sales of loans was due to the sale of a lower volume of the guaranteed portion of SBA loans to the secondary market during the third quarter 2019.

- 46 -

Noninterest Expense

The following table presents the components of total noninterest expense for the third quarter of 2019, compared to the third quarter of 2018.          

Table 4 - Noninterest expense
	Three months ended				Change
	September 30,				Increase (Decrease)
(dollars in thousands)	2019		2018		$			%
Personnel	$	7,849	$	7,159	$	690			10	%
Occupancy of premises, net		865		860		5			1
Furniture and equipment		787		701		86			12
Postage, stationery and supplies		190		196		(6	)		(3	)
Professional and legal		272		286		(14	)		(5	)
Marketing		441		373		68			18
FDIC insurance		5		189		(184	)		(97	)
Debit card processing		263		318		(55	)		(17	)
Charitable donations		337		119		218			183
Telecommunications		124		119		5			4
External data processing		649		579		70			12
Foreclosed real estate including provision for losses		10		13		(3	)		(23	)
Other		1,059		1,090		(31	)		(3	)
Total noninterest expense	$	12,851	$	12,002	$	849			7	%

The discussion that follows addresses changes in selected categories of noninterest expense. 

Personnel—The $690,000 or 10 percent increase in personnel was primarily the result of filling vacant senior management positions during the third quarter of 2018 and an increase in medical insurance expense in the third quarter 2019 compared to the third quarter 2018.  Two executive and two senior management positions were filled during the third quarter of 2018. 

Marketing—The $68,000 or 18 percent increase in marketing expenses was attributed to an increase in marketing campaigns to support retail expansion during the quarter as compared to the prior period.

FDIC insurance—The $184,000 or 97 percent decrease in FDIC insurance expenses was attributed to an assessment credit issued by the FDIC as a result of the Deposit Insurance Fund exceeding its target level.

Debit card processing—The $55,000 or 17 percent decrease in debit card processing expenses was attributed to a change in vendor during 2019, which resulted in reduced expense as compared to the prior period.

Charitable donations—The $218,000 or 183 percent increase in charitable donations was primarily attributed to an increase in donations in the third quarter 2019 due to timing of payments in comparable periods.

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Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes for the third quarter of 2019 was $1,432,000, an increase of $55,000 or 4 percent as compared to the third quarter of 2018.  The increase was attributed to the higher pre-tax net income for the third quarter of 2019 compared to the third quarter of 2018.  The effective tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were 21.6 percent and 21.4 percent, respectively.  The effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the impact of certain elements with specific tax benefits, including tax-exempt income, such as income from tax-exempt investments, tax-exempt loans, and bank-owned life insurance.

- 48 -

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 vs. Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018

Financial Highlights 

The Corporation’s net income (earnings) was $14,153,000 for the first nine months of 2019 compared to $15,197,000 for the first nine months of 2018, a decrease of $1,044,000 or 7 percent.

● Net interest income for the first nine months of 2019 decreased $69,000 or less than 1 percent below the first nine months of 2018, primarily due to higher interest rates on interest bearing demand and time deposits, offset by higher interest rates on commercial loans over the previous period.

● The Corporation’s net interest margin (tax-equivalent basis) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was 3.68 percent, compared to 3.88 percent for the first nine months of 2018.  The net interest margin contraction was a result of an increase in the cost of interest bearing demand and time deposits, offset by an increase in the rate and volume of commercial loans.

● The provision for loan losses for the first nine months of 2019 was $2,250,000, a $450,000 increase as compared to a provision of $1,800,000 for the first nine months of 2018.  The provision for 2019 was primarily due to specific reserve allocations for impaired assets of $4 million established during the first nine months of 2019, which were primarily offset by declines in the general reserve as a result of the net impact of changes in loans outstanding and the unallocated reserve.  The increased provision from the prior period was primarily attributable to the increase in specific reserve allocations for impaired assets.  The provision for both periods supported adequate allowance for loan loss coverage considering several factors, including net loan growth, net charge-offs and adjustments made to certain qualitative factors and the unallocated allowance. The allowance as a percentage of total loans was 1.42 percent at September 30, 2019, as compared to 1.29 percent at December 31, 2018, and 1.22 percent at September 30, 2018.

● Noninterest income for the first nine months of 2019 increased $271,000, 3 percent compared to the first nine months of 2018.   Contributing to the rise in noninterest income were income from bank owned life insurance and other income.  Offsetting some of the increase was a decline in gain on sales of loans held for sale.

● Noninterest expenses for the first nine months of 2019 were $37,916,000 or 3 percent higher than the first nine months of 2018.  The increase was primarily attributable to higher personnel costs, external data processing and foreclosed real estate costs. Offsetting some of the increase were declines in charitable donations and telecommunications.  

● The provision for income taxes for the first nine months of 2019 decreased $238,000 or 6 percent as compared to the first nine months of 2018 as a result of lower income before taxes in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the first nine months of 2018.     

On September 30, 2019, the Corporation’s total assets were $1.87 billion, an increase of 3 percent since December 31, 2018.  The increase was attributed to deposit growth, primarily in interest bearing deposits with banks.

The Corporation’s capital level remained sound as evidenced by regulatory capital ratios that exceed current regulatory requirements for well capitalized institutions.  As of September 30, 2019, the Corporation’s capital calculations and ratios reflect full compliance with the Basel III regulatory capital framework, which became effective on January 1, 2015.

- 49 -

The schedule below presents selected performance metrics for the first nine months of both 2019 and 2018.  Per share computations include the effect of stock dividends, including the 5 percent stock dividend declared on October 8, 2019.

	Nine months ended
	September 30,
	2019			2018
Basic earnings per share	$	1.43		$	1.54
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.42		$	1.53
Cash dividend payout ratio		32.03	%		27.31	%
Return on average assets		1.03	%		1.16	%
Return on average equity		10.17	%		11.97	%
Net interest margin (tax equivalent basis)		3.68	%		3.88	%
Net overhead ratio		2.00	%		2.06	%
Efficiency ratio		64.72	%		63.12	%
Average equity to average assets		10.11	%		9.73	%

A more detailed analysis of the factors and trends affecting the Corporation’s earnings and financial position follows.

Income Statement Analysis

Net Interest Income

Net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $47,787,000, a decrease of $69,000 or less than 1 percent compared to net interest income of $47,856,000 for the first nine months of 2018.  The decrease was primarily attributable to increased interest income from higher rates and higher volume of commercial loans over the previous period.  The Corporation’s net interest margin, computed as interest income (tax-equivalent basis) annualized as a percentage of average interest earning assets, was 3.68 percent for the first nine months of 2019, representing a decrease compared to the 3.88 percent net interest margin for the first nine months of 2018.  The net interest margin contraction was a result of an increase in the cost of interest bearing demand and time deposits, offset by an increase in the rate and volume of commercial loans.

Total interest income for the first nine months of 2019 totaled $63,877,000, an increase of $4,654,000 or 8 percent above the amount of total interest income for the first nine months of 2018.  The change was primarily a result of an increase in loan income due to both higher volume and rates on commercial loans, partially offset by a decline in tax-exempt investment and dividend income.

Interest income on loans increased $3,608,000 or 6 percent in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.  The average balance of outstanding loans increased approximately $64,762,000 or 5 percent in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the first nine months of 2018, reflecting commercial loan growth between the two periods. 

Investment income for the first nine months of 2019 increased $187,000 or 7 percent compared to the first nine months of 2018.  The tax-equivalent yield on investments for the first nine months of 2019 was 2.70 percent or 17 basis points higher than the 2.53 percent experienced during the first nine months of 2018, as maturing investments were able to be reinvested at higher interest rates.

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Total interest expense for the first nine months of 2019 was $16,090,000, an increase of $4,723,000 or 42 percent as compared to total interest expense of $11,367,000 for the first nine months of 2018.  The change in interest expense was primarily a result of an increase in the cost of interest bearing demand and time deposits.

Interest expense on deposits increased $4,768,000 or 51 percent in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018.  The change was due primarily to an increase in the cost of interest bearing demand and time deposits.  The average balance of interest-bearing deposits for the first nine months of 2019, primarily in lower cost core deposits, increased by $95,275,000 or 8 percent compared to the average for the first nine months of 2018.  The average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits in the first nine months of 2019 was 1.49 percent, an increase from the average rate of 0.99 percent paid on interest-bearing deposits during the first nine months of 2018.  Also, the Corporation experienced favorable growth in noninterest-bearing deposits, with the average volume for the first nine months of 2019 increasing to $251,188,000, as compared to $242,265,000 for the first nine months of 2018. 

Interest expense on borrowings for the first nine months of 2019 decreased $45,000 or 2 percent compared to the first nine months of 2018, due to a higher cost of long-term debt, which was partially offset by a decrease in volume of short-term borrowings and long-term debt.  Outstanding long-term debt, consisting primarily of Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh (FHLBP) advances, averaged $113,090,000 for the first nine months of 2019, compared to an average balance of approximately $127,824,000 for the same period of 2018.  The rate on average long-term debt for the first nine months of 2019 was 2.46 percent, an increase as compared to the rate of 2.00 percent for the same period of 2018. 

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Table 5-Average Balances and Interest Rates (tax equivalent basis)

	Nine months ended September 30,
			2019								2018
	Average					Yield/			Average					Yield/
(dollars in thousands)	Balance		Interest			Rate			Balance		Interest			Rate
Assets
Interest bearing deposits with banks	$	87,959	$	1,522			2.31	%	$	48,520	$	663			1.83	%
Investment securities:
Taxable		128,533		2,492			2.59			113,256		2,020			2.38
Tax-exempt		30,784		660			2.87			47,916		1,018			2.84
Total investment securities		159,317		3,152			2.65			161,172		3,038			2.52
Loans:
Taxable (1)		1,485,177		59,080			5.32			1,432,389		55,364			5.17
Tax-exempt		10,500		313			3.99			16,676		449			3.60
Total loans		1,495,677		59,393			5.31			1,449,065		55,813			5.15
Total earning assets		1,742,953		64,067			4.91			1,658,757		59,514			4.80
Other assets (2)		92,883								80,911
Total assets	$	1,835,836							$	1,739,668
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Deposits:
Interest bearing demand	$	678,104	$	6,372			1.26	%	$	630,302	$	4,147			0.88	%
Savings		86,158		64			0.10			88,090		66			0.10
Time		502,153		7,615			2.03			451,666		5,070			1.50
Total interest bearing deposits		1,266,415		14,051			1.48			1,170,058		9,283			1.06
Short-term borrowings		7,698		31			0.54			10,812		48			0.59
Long-term debt		108,493		2,008			2.47			130,347		2,036			2.09
Total interest bearing liabilities		1,382,606		16,090			1.56			1,311,217		11,367			1.16
Noninterest bearing deposits		255,691								247,484
Other liabilities		12,023								11,675
Shareholders’ equity		185,516								169,292
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,835,836							$	1,739,668
Net interest income (tax equivalent basis)			$	47,977							$	48,147
Net interest margin  (3)							3.68	%							3.88	%
Tax equivalent adjustment				(190	)							(291	)
Net interest income			$	47,787							$	47,856

(1) Average balance includes average nonaccrual loans of $22,515,000 for 2019 and $4,389,000 for 2018.

Interest includes net loan fees of $2,010,000 for 2019 and $2,555,000 for 2018. 

(2) Average balance includes average bank owned life insurance, foreclosed real estate and unrealized holding gains (losses)   on investment securities.

(3) Net interest income (tax equivalent basis) annualized as a percentage of average interest earning assets.

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Table 6-Rate/Volume Analysis of Changes in Net Interest Income (tax equivalent basis)

	Nine months ended
	September 30,
	2019 vs. 2018
	Increase (decrease) due to change in*
(dollars in thousands)	Volume			Rate			Net
Interest Income
Interest bearing deposits with banks	$	539		$	320		$	859
Investment securities:
Taxable		186			286			472
Tax-exempt		(364	)		6			(358	)
Loans:
Taxable		912			2,804			3,716
Tax-exempt		(166	)		30			(136	)
Total interest income		1,107			3,446			4,553
Interest Expense
Deposits:
Interest bearing demand		378			1,847			2,225
Savings		(2	)		0			(2	)
Time		567			1,978			2,545
Short-term borrowings		(16	)		(1	)		(17	)
Long-term debt		(317	)		289			(28	)
Total interest expense		610			4,113			4,723
Net interest income (tax equivalent basis)	$	497		$	(667	)	$	(170	)

*Changes which are due to both volume and rate are allocated in proportion to their relationship to the amount of change attributed directly to volume or rate. 

Provision for Loan Losses

For the first nine months of 2019, the provision for loan losses was $2,250,000, as compared to a provision of $1,800,000 for the first nine months of 2018, an increase of $450,000.  The provision in 2019 was primarily due to specific loan loss allowances established during the first nine months of 2019 of approximately $4,000,000, net charge-offs of $230,000 and the net impact of changes in loans outstanding, adjustments made to certain qualitative factors and the unallocated allowance.  The increased provision from the prior period was primarily attributable to the increase in specific reserve allocations for impaired assets.  The provision supported adequate allowance for loan loss coverage for both periods.  The allowance as a percentage of total loans was 1.42 percent at September 30, 2019, as compared to 1.29 percent at December 31, 2018, and 1.22 percent at September 30, 2018.  

More information about the allowance for loan losses can be found in this report under the caption Allowance for Loan Losses on page 63.

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Noninterest Income

The following table presents the components of total noninterest income for the first nine months of 2019, compared to the first nine months of 2018.  

Table 7 - Noninterest income

	Nine months ended					Change
	September 30,					Increase (Decrease)
(dollars in thousands)	2019			2018		$			%
Trust and investment services fees	$	2,642		$	2,389	$	253			11	%
Income from mutual fund, annuity and insurance sales		786			806		(20	)		(2	)
Service charges on deposit accounts		3,605			3,485		120			3
Income from bank owned life insurance		960			730		230			32
Other income		1,497			1,221		276			23
Gain on sales of loans held for sale		849			1,436		(587	)		(41	)
Loss on sales of securities		(1	)		0		(1	)		*nm
Total noninterest income	$	10,338		$	10,067	$	271			3	%

*nm – not meaningful

The discussion that follows addresses changes in selected categories of noninterest income.  

Income from bank owned life insurance—The $230,000 or 32 percent increase in income from bank owned life insurance was due to an additional purchase of life insurance during the first quarter 2019.

Other income—The $276,000 or 23 percent increase in other income was due to higher loan related income such as SBA loan servicing income, letter of credit and referral fees and miscellaneous client based service charges such as credit card merchant and ATM fees.

Gain on sales of loans held for sale—The $587,000 or 41 percent decrease in gain on sales of loans was due to the sale of a lower volume of mortgage loans and the guaranteed portion of SBA loans to the secondary market.

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Noninterest Expense

The following table presents the components of total noninterest expense for the first nine months of 2019, compared to the first nine months of 2018.          

Table 8 - Noninterest expense

	Nine months ended				Change
	September 30,				Increase (Decrease)
(dollars in thousands)	2019		2018		$			%
Personnel	$	22,946	$	21,855	$	1,091			5	%
Occupancy of premises, net		2,728		2,556		172			7
Furniture and equipment		2,334		2,262		72			3
Postage, stationery and supplies		549		560		(11	)		(2	)
Professional and legal		603		609		(6	)		(1	)
Marketing		1,164		1,200		(36	)		(3	)
FDIC insurance		465		493		(28	)		(6	)
Debit card processing		903		902		1			0
Charitable donations		1,316		1,792		(476	)		(27	)
Telecommunications		380		500		(120	)		(24	)
External data processing		1,821		1,563		258			17
Foreclosed real estate including  provision for losses		144		33		111			336
Other		2,563		2,557		6			0
Total noninterest expense	$	37,916	$	36,882	$	1,034			3	%

The discussion that follows addresses changes in selected categories of noninterest expense. 

Personnel—The $1,091,000 or 5 percent increase in personnel is the result of filling vacant senior management positions in the third quarter of 2018.  Two executive and two senior management positions were filled during the third quarter of 2018.

Charitable donations—The $476,000 or 27 percent decrease in charitable donations was primarily due to a decrease in the donation to the PeoplesBank Charitable Foundation.

Telecommunications—The $120,000 or 24 percent decrease in telecommunications was due to a change in network providers which generated a higher level of service for a lower cost.

External data processing—The $258,000 or 17 percent increase in external data processing expenses reflects increased reliance on outsourcing transaction processing to specialized vendors, which is typically performed on such vendors’ hosted and secure websites.  In addition, increased volumes in both accounts and transactions year over year due to business expansion resulted in higher costs.  The Corporation continues to expand and enhance electronic banking services provided to our clients which contributed to the increase in the expense.

Foreclosed real estate including provision for losses—The $111,000 or 336 percent increase in foreclosed real estate including provision for losses was attributed to increased expenses associated with foreclosed real estate.

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Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes for the first nine months of 2019 was $3,806,000, a decrease of $238,000 or 6 percent as compared to the first nine months of 2018.  The effective tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were 21.2 percent and 21.0 percent, respectively.  The effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the impact of certain elements with specific tax benefits, including tax-exempt income, such as income from tax-exempt investments, tax-exempt loans, and bank-owned life insurance. 

Balance Sheet Review

Interest Bearing Deposits with Banks

On September 30, 2019, interest bearing deposits with banks totaled $103,260,000, an increase of $34,157,000 or 49 percent, compared to the level at year-end 2018. The increase is primarily the result of the growth in client deposits and selective redeployment of investment security proceeds.  

Investment Securities (Available-for-Sale)

The Corporation’s entire investment securities portfolio is classified available-for-sale, and is comprised primarily of interest-earning debt securities.  The overall composition of the Corporation’s investment securities portfolio is provided in Note 2—Securities.  On September 30, 2019, the fair value of investment securities available-for-sale totaled $162,918,000, which represented an increase of $13,325,000 as compared to the fair value of investment securities at year-end 2018.   New investments during the first nine months of 2019 exceeded principal reductions from investment maturities, mortgage-backed security payments, and sales.

Loans

On September 30, 2019, total loans, net of deferred fees, were $1.49 billion, which was $4,996,000 or less than 1 percent higher than the level at year-end 2018. This change in volume was due primarily to a decrease in commercial loans, particularly within the builder and developer and residential real estate investor, offset by an increase in manufacturing and agriculture.  Commercial loans within the commercial real estate investor and residential real estate investor sectors each represented more than 10 percent of the total portfolio. The composition of the Corporation’s loan portfolio is provided in Note 4—Loans.          

Deposits

Deposits are the Corporation’s principal source of funding for earning assets.  On September 30, 2019, deposits totaled $1.56 billion, which reflected a $64,744,000 or 4 percent increase compared to the level at year-end 2018.  Of the increase in total deposits, $15,770,000 is attributable to noninterest bearing deposits and $48,974,000 related to growth in interest bearing deposits.  The composition of the Corporation’s total deposit portfolio is provided in Note 6—Deposits.      

Short-term Borrowings

Short-term borrowings, which consist of securities sold under agreements to repurchase (repurchase agreements), federal funds purchased, and other short-term borrowings, totaled $8,830,000 at September 30, 2019, which reflected a $1,808,000 or 26 percent increase compared to the level at year-end 2018.  

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Long-term Debt

The Corporation uses long-term borrowings as a secondary funding source for asset growth and to manage interest rate risk.  On September 30, 2019, long-term debt totaled $96,758,000 compared to $115,310,000 at year-end 2018.  The $18,552,000 decrease is the result of $20,000,000 in FHLBP borrowings that were repaid at maturity during the year, partially offset by a $1,469,000 increase due to the financing lease liability established January 1, 2019 upon adoption of ASC 842.  A listing of outstanding long-term debt obligations is provided in Note 7—Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt.  The composition of the Corporation’s leases is provided in Note 8—Leases. 

Shareholders’ Equity and Capital Adequacy

Shareholders’ equity, or capital, enables Codorus Valley to maintain asset growth and absorb losses.  Capital adequacy can be affected by a multitude of factors, including profitability, new stock issuances, corporate expansion and acquisitions, dividend policy and distributions, and regulatory mandates.  The Corporation’s total shareholders’ equity was approximately $189,373,000 on September 30, 2019, an increase of approximately $10,627,000 or 6 percent, compared to the level at year-end 2018. 

Cash Dividends on Stock  

The Corporation has historically paid cash dividends on its stock on a quarterly basis. The Board of Directors determines the dividend rate after considering the Corporation’s capital requirements, current and projected net income, and other relevant factors.  As recently announced, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.16 per share on October 8, 2019, payable on November 12, 2019, to shareholders of record at the close of business on October 22, 2019.  This cash dividend follows the $0.16 cash dividend distributed in February, May and August 2019.

Capital Adequacy 

The Corporation and PeoplesBank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by banking regulators that involve quantitative guidelines and qualitative judgments.  The regulatory capital measures for the Corporation and PeoplesBank as of September 30, 2019 and the minimum capital ratios established by regulators are set forth in Note 8—Regulatory Matters to the financial statements.  We believe that both Codorus Valley and PeoplesBank were well capitalized on September 30, 2019.

Our capital adequacy as of September 30, 2019, reflects updated regulatory capital guidelines from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System finalized rule which implemented the Basel III regulatory capital framework, and which became effective for the Corporation and PeoplesBank on January 1, 2015.  Under the revised regulatory capital framework, minimum requirements increased both the quantity and quality of capital held by banking organizations. Additionally, a new minimum ratio of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of 4.5 percent and a common equity Tier 1 conservation buffer of risk-weighted assets applies to all supervised financial institutions. The rule also raised the minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets from 4 percent to 6 percent and includes a minimum leverage ratio of 4 percent for all banks. The new rule also increases the risk weights for past-due loans, certain commercial real estate loans and some equity exposures, and makes selected other changes in risk weights and credit conversion factors.

The new rule further provides that, in order to avoid restrictions on capital distributions, including dividend payments and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers, a banking organization must hold the 2.5 percent capital conservation buffer, which is to be phased in over a four year period beginning January 1, 2016, with the full 2.5 percent required as of January 1, 2019. 

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The transition schedule for new ratios, including the capital conservation buffer, is as follows: 

	As of January 1:
	2015			2016			2017			2018			2019
Minimum common equity Tier 1 capital ratio		4.5	%		4.5	%		4.5	%		4.5	%		4.5	%
Common equity Tier 1 capital conservation buffer		N/A			0.625	%		1.25	%		1.875	%		2.5	%
Minimum common equity Tier 1 capital ratio plus capital conservation buffer		4.5	%		5.125	%		5.75	%		6.375	%		7.0	%
Phase-in of most deductions from common equity Tier 1 capital		40	%		60	%		80	%		100	%		100	%
Minimum Tier 1 capital ratio		6.0	%		6.0	%		6.0	%		6.0	%		6.0	%
Minimum Tier 1 capital ratio plus capital conservation buffer		N/A			6.625	%		7.25	%		7.875	%		8.5	%
Minimum total capital ratio		8.0	%		8.0	%		8.0	%		8.0	%		8.0	%
Minimum total capital ratio plus capital conservation buffer		N/A			8.625	%		9.25	%		9.875	%		10.5	%

As fully phased in, a banking organization with a buffer greater than 2.5 percent would not be subject to limits on dividend payments or discretionary bonus payments; however, a banking organization with a buffer less than 2.5 percent would be subject to increasingly stringent limitations as the buffer approaches zero.  The new rule also prohibits a banking organization from paying dividends or discretionary bonuses if its eligible net income is negative in that quarter and its capital conservation buffer ratio was less than 2.5 percent as of the beginning of that quarter.  Eligible net income is defined as net income for the four calendar quarters preceding the current calendar quarter, net of any distributions and associated tax effects not already reflected in net income. 

A summary of payout restrictions based on the capital conservation buffer is as follows: 

Capital Conservation Buffer (as a % of risk-weighted assets)	Maximum Payout (as a % of eligible net income)
Greater than 2.5%	No payout limitation applies
≤2.5% and >1.875%	60%
≤1.875% and >1.25%	40%
≤1.25% and >0.625%	20%
≤0.625%	0%

Under the new rule as effective through the nine months ending September 30, 2019, the Corporation and PeoplesBank had no regulatory dividend restrictions and remained well capitalized by all regulatory capital measures (see Note 9—Regulatory Matters to the financial statements).  The Corporation plans to manage its capital adequacy to ensure continued compliance with the new capital rules.

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Risk Management

Credit Risk Management

Credit risk represents the possibility that a loan client, counterparty or issuer may not perform in accordance with contractual terms, posing one of the most significant risks of loss to the Corporation.  Accordingly, the Corporation emphasizes the management of credit risk, and has established a lending policy which management believes is sound given the nature and scope of our operations. The Credit Risk Management section included in Item 7 of the Corporation’s previously filed Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, provides a more detailed overview of the Corporation’s credit risk management process.

Nonperforming Assets

Nonperforming assets, as shown in the table below, are asset categories that pose the greatest risk of loss.  The level of nonperforming assets at September 30, 2019 has increased by approximately $8,836,000 or 36 percent when compared to year-end 2018.  The increase was primarily the result of a net increase in nonaccrual loans. 

The Corporation regularly monitors large and criticized assets in its commercial loan portfolio recognizing that prolonged low economic growth, or a weakening economy, could have negative effects on these commercial borrowers.  Nonperforming assets are monitored and managed for collection of these accounts. Collection efforts, including modification of contractual terms for individual accounts based on prevailing market conditions and liquidation of collateral assets, are employed to maximize recovery.  A special assets committee meets regularly, at a minimum quarterly, to review nonperforming assets. We generally rely on appraisals performed by independent licensed appraisers to determine the value of real estate collateral for impaired collateral-dependent loans.  Generally, an appraisal is performed when: an account reaches 90 days past due, unless a certified appraisal was completed within the past twelve months; market values have changed significantly; the condition of the property has changed significantly; or the existing appraisal is outdated based upon regulatory or policy requirements. In instances where the value of the collateral, net of costs to sell, is less than the net carrying amount for impaired commercial related loans, a specific loss allowance is established for the difference.  Further provisions for loan losses may be required for nonaccrual loans as additional information becomes available or conditions change. When it is probable that some portion or an entire loan balance will not be collected, that amount is charged off as loss against the allowance. 

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The paragraphs and table below address significant changes in the nonperforming asset categories as of September 30, 2019 compared to December 31, 2018.

Table 9 - Nonperforming Assets

	September 30,			December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2019			2018
Nonaccrual loans	$	27,289		$	20,058
Nonaccrual loans, troubled debt restructurings		959			930
Accruing loans 90 days or more past due		3,841			2,128
Total nonperforming loans		32,089			23,116
Foreclosed real estate, net of allowance		1,618			1,755
Total nonperforming assets	$	33,707		$	24,871
Accruing troubled debt restructurings	$	2,807		$	3,098
Total period-end loans, net of deferred fees	$	1,490,646		$	1,485,680
Allowance for loan losses (ALL)	$	21,164		$	19,144
ALL as a % of total period-end loans		1.42	%		1.29	%
Net charge-offs year-to-date, annualized as a % of average total loans		0.02	%		0.02	%
ALL as a % of nonperforming loans		65.95	%		82.81	%
Nonperforming loans as a % of total period-end loans		2.15	%		1.56	%
Nonperforming assets as a % of total period-end loans and net foreclosed real estate		2.26	%		1.67	%
Nonperforming assets as a % of total period-end assets		1.80	%		1.38	%
Nonperforming assets as a % of total period-end shareholders’ equity		17.80	%		13.91	%

Nonperforming loans

Nonperforming loans consist of nonaccrual loans and accruing loans 90 days or more past due.  We generally place a loan on nonaccrual status and cease accruing interest income (i.e., recognize interest income on a cash basis, as long as the loan is sufficiently collateralized) when loan payment performance is unsatisfactory and the loan is past due 90 days or more.  A loan is returned to interest accruing status when we determine that circumstances have improved to the extent that all of the principal and interest amounts contractually due are current for at least six consecutive payments and future payments are reasonably assured.  Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest represent loans that are contractually past due, but are well collateralized and in the process of collection.  As of September 30, 2019, the nonperforming loan portfolio balance totaled $32,089,000, compared to $23,116,000 at year-end 2018.  During the first nine months of 2019, loans totaling $11,827,000 were transferred to nonaccrual status, offset by the transfer of loans out of nonaccrual status and payments to loans in nonaccrual status totaling approximately $2,854,000, resulting in the net increase of $8,973,000.  For both periods, the nonperforming portfolio balance was comprised primarily of collateralized commercial loans. 

Foreclosed Real Estate

Foreclosed real estate represents real estate acquired to satisfy debts owed to PeoplesBank and is included in the Other Assets category on the Corporation’s balance sheet.  The carrying amount of foreclosed real estate as of September 30, 2019, net of allowance, totaled $1,618,000 compared to $1,755,000 at year-end 2018.  This $137,000 decrease was the result of the sale of two properties totaling $111,000 as well as a write-down of $26,000.

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Troubled Debt Restructurings

Troubled debt restructurings pertain to loans whose terms have been modified to include a concession that we would not ordinarily consider due to the debtor’s financial difficulties.  Concessions granted under a troubled debt restructuring typically involve a reduction of interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, the deferral of payments or extension of the stated maturity date. Troubled debt restructurings are evaluated for impairment if they have been restructured during the most recent calendar year, or if they cease to perform in accordance with the modified terms.  As of September 30, 2019, the accruing troubled debt restructuring portfolio balance totaled $2,807,000, compared to $3,098,000 at year-end 2018.  The $291,000 decrease was the result of the payoff of one loan totaling $137,000 and principal repayments of $154,000.

Allowance for Loan Losses

Although the Corporation believes that it maintains sound credit policies, certain loans deteriorate and must be charged off as losses.  The allowance for loan losses is maintained to absorb losses inherent in the portfolio.  The allowance is increased by provisions charged to expense and is reduced by loan charge-offs, net of recoveries.  The allowance is based upon management’s continuous evaluation of the loan portfolio coupled with a formal review of adequacy on a quarterly basis, which is subject to review and approval by the Board.

The allowance for loan losses consists primarily of three components: specific allowances for individually impaired commercial loans; allowances calculated for pools of loans; and an unallocated component, which reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the assumptions that underlie the evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance.  The Corporation uses an internal risk rating system to evaluate individual loans.  Loans are segmented into industry groups or pools with similar characteristics, and an allowance for loan losses is allocated to each segment based on quantitative factors such as recent loss history (two-year rolling average of net charge-offs) and qualitative factors, such as the results of internal and external credit reviews, changes in the size and composition of the loan portfolio, adequacy of collateral, and general economic conditions.  Determining the level of the allowance for probable loan losses at any given period is subjective, particularly during deteriorating or uncertain economic periods, and requires that we make estimates using assumptions.  There is also the potential for adjustment to the allowance as a result of regulatory examinations.

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The following table presents an analysis of the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

Table 10 - Analysis of Allowance for Loan Losses

(dollars in thousands)	2019			2018
Balance-January 1,	$	19,144		$	16,689
Provision charged to operating expense		2,250			1,800
Loans charged off:
Commercial, financial and agricultural		78			146
Real estate - residential mortgages		0			10
Consumer and home equity		272			289
Total loans charged off		350			445
Recoveries:
Commercial, financial and agricultural		9			139
Real estate - construction and land development		0			18
Real estate - residential mortgages		0			10
Consumer and home equity		111			23
Total recoveries		120			190
Net charge-offs		230			255
Balance-September 30,	$	21,164		$	18,234
Ratios:
Annualized net charge-offs as a % of average total loans		0.02	%		0.02	%
Allowance for loan losses as a % of total period-end loans		1.42	%		1.22	%
Allowance for loan losses as a % of nonperforming loans		65.95	%		137.86	%

The provision for loan losses increased $450,000 from September 30, 2018 to September 30, 2019.  The increase in the provision was primarily attributed to approximately $4,000,000 of specific loan loss allowances established during the first nine months of 2019, net charge-offs of $230,000, the net impact of loan growth during the period and adjustments made to certain qualitative factors and the unallocated allowance.  The provision for both periods supported adequate allowance for loan loss coverage.

Net charge-offs for the first nine months of 2019 were $230,000 compared to $255,000 for the same period of 2018. During the first nine months of 2019, there were $350,000 of charge-offs as compared to $445,000 during the same period in 2018.  The risks and uncertainties associated with weak economic and business conditions, or the erosion of real estate values may adversely affect our borrowers’ ability to service their loans, causing significant fluctuations in the level of charge-offs and provision expense from one period to another.  The allowance as a percentage of total loans was 1.42 percent at September 30, 2019, as compared to 1.29 percent at December 31, 2018 and 1.22 percent at September 30, 2018.   The unallocated portion of the allowance was $112,000 or 1 percent of the total allowance as of September 30, 2019, as compared to $719,000 or 4 percent of the total allowance as of December 31, 2018.  As the methodology for estimating specific losses has impacted the precision of these estimates, the unallocated portion of the allowance has decreased over the period.

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Liquidity Risk Management

Maintaining adequate liquidity provides the Corporation with the ability to meet financial obligations to depositors, loan clients, employees, and shareholders on a timely and cost effective basis in the normal course of business.  Additionally, adequate liquidity provides funds for growth and business opportunities as they arise.  Liquidity is generated from transactions relating to both the Corporation’s assets and liabilities.  The primary sources of asset liquidity are funds received from client loan payments, investment maturities and cash inflows from mortgage-backed securities, and the net proceeds of asset sales. The primary sources of liability liquidity are deposit growth, and funds obtained from short-term borrowings and long-term debt. The Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, included in this report, present the changes in cash from operating, investing and financing activities.  At September 30, 2019, we believe that liquidity was adequate based upon the potential liquidation of unpledged available-for-sale securities with a fair value totaling approximately $18,507,000 and available credit from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh totaling approximately $407,941,000. The Corporation’s loan-to-deposit ratio was approximately 96 percent as of September 30, 2019, 99 percent as of December 31, 2018 and 102 percent as of September 30, 2018.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Corporation’s financial statements do not reflect various commitments that are made in the normal course of business, which may involve some liquidity risk.  These commitments consist primarily of commitments to grant new loans, unfunded commitments under existing loan facilities, and letters of credit issued under the same standards as on-balance sheet instruments.  Unused commitments on September 30, 2019, totaled $485,312,000 and consisted of $401,066,000 in unfunded commitments under existing loan facilities, $64,226,000 to grant new loans and $20,020,000 in letters of credit.  Generally these commitments have fixed expiration dates or termination clauses and are for specific purposes. Accordingly, many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon and, therefore, generally do not present significant liquidity risk to the Corporation or PeoplesBank.

Recent Legislative Developments

At its October 16, 2019 meeting, the FASB approved a deferral of the effective date for several of its recent standards.  The proposal creates two new “buckets”: (1) SEC filers other than smaller reporting companies (SRCs, as defined by the SEC) and (2) all other entities.  For the Corporation, this would apply to ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“CECL”), which has not yet been adopted by the Corporation.  The effective date of the CECL standard would be for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022.  The Corporation plans to delay CECL implementation, but to continue moving forward with the project.

On May 24, 2018, the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (the “Regulatory Relief Act”), amended certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, as well as certain other statutes administered by the federal banking agencies  Some of the key provisions of the Regulatory Relief Act as it relates to community banks and bank holding companies include: (i) designating mortgages held in portfolio as “qualified mortgages” for banks with less than $10 billion in assets, subject to certain documentation and product limitations; (ii) exempting banks with less than $10 billion in assets (and total trading assets and trading liabilities of 5% or less of total assets) from Volcker Rule requirements relating to proprietary trading; (iii) simplifying capital calculations for banks with less than $10 billion in assets by requiring federal banking agencies to establish a community bank leverage ratio of tangible equity to average consolidated assets of not less than 8% or more than 10%, and provide that banks that maintain tangible equity in excess of such ratio will be deemed to be in compliance with risk-based capital and leverage requirements; (iv) assisting smaller banks with obtaining stable funding by providing an exception for reciprocal deposits from FDIC restrictions on acceptance of brokered deposits; (v) raising the eligibility for use of short-form Call Reports from $1 billion to $5 billion in assets; (vi) clarifying definitions pertaining to high volatility commercial real estate loans (HVCRE), which requires higher capital allocations, so that only loans with increased risk are subject to higher risk weightings; and (vii) changing the eligibility for use of the small bank holding company policy statement from institutions with under $1 billion in assets to institutions with under $3 billion in assets.

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Section 201 of the Regulatory Relief Act directed the federal banking agencies to develop a community bank leverage ratio (“CBLR”) of not less than 8% and not more than 10% for qualifying community banks and bank holding companies with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion.  Qualifying community banking organizations that exceed the CBLR level established by the agencies, and that elect to be covered by the CBLR framework, will be considered to have met: (i) the generally applicable leverage and risk-based capital requirements under the banking agencies’ capital rules; (ii) the capital ratio requirements necessary to be considered “well capitalized” under the banking agencies’ prompt corrective action framework in the case of insured depository institutions; and (iii) any other applicable capital or leverage requirements.

On February 8, 2019, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Board, and the FDIC published for comment a proposed rule to implement the provisions of Section 201 of the Regulatory Relief Act.  Under the proposal, a qualifying community banking organization would be defined as a deposit institution or depository institution holding company with less than $10 billion in assets and specified limited amounts of off-balance sheet exposures, trading assets and liabilities, mortgage servicing assets, and certain temporary difference deferred tax assets.  A qualifying community banking organization would be permitted to elect the CBLR framework if its CBLR is greater than 9%.  The proposed rulemaking also addresses opting in and opting out of the CBLR framework by a community banking organization, the treatment of a community banking organization that falls below the CBLR requirements and the effect of various CBLR levels for purposes of the prompt corrective action categories applicable to insured depository institutions.  Advanced approaches banking organizations (generally, institutions with $250 billion or more in consolidated assets) are not eligible to use the CBLR framework.

The Corporation continues to analyze the changes implemented by the Regulatory Relief Act, including the CBLR framework included in the recently proposed rulemaking.  The Corporation does not believe, however, that such changes will materially impact the Corporation’s business, operations, or financial results.

Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The most significant market risk to which the Corporation is exposed is interest rate risk.  The primary business of the Corporation and the composition of its balance sheet consist of investments in interest earning assets (primarily loans and securities), which are funded by interest bearing liabilities (deposits and borrowings), all of which have varying levels of sensitivity to changes in market interest rates.  Changes in rates also have an impact on the Corporation’s liquidity position and could affect its ability to meet obligations and continue to grow.

The Corporation employs various management techniques to minimize its exposure to interest rate risk. An Asset Liability Management Committee, consisting of key financial and senior management personnel, meets on a regular basis. The Committee is responsible for reviewing the interest rate sensitivity and liquidity positions of the Corporation, reviewing projected sources and uses of funds, approving asset and liability management policies, monitoring economic conditions, and overseeing the formulation and implementation of strategies regarding balance sheet positions.

Simulation of net interest income is performed for the next twelve-month period. A variety of interest rate scenarios are used to measure the effects of sudden and gradual movements upward and downward in the yield curve. These results are compared to the results obtained in a flat or unchanged interest rate scenario. Simulation of net interest income is used primarily to measure the Corporation’s short-term earnings exposure to rate movements.  A “shock” is an immediate upward or downward movement of interest rates. The shocks do not take into account changes in client behavior that could result in changes to mix and/or volumes in the balance sheet, nor do they account for competitive pricing over the forward 12-month period.  The Corporation applies these interest rate “shocks” to its financial instruments up and down 100, 200, 300, and 400 basis points.  A 300 and 400 basis point decrease in interest rates cannot be simulated at this time due to the historically low interest rate environment.

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The following table summarizes the expected impact of interest rate shocks on net interest income as well as the Corporation’s policy limits at each level.  All scenarios were within policy limits at September 30, 2019. 

Change in Interest Rates		Annual Change in Net			% Change in Net			% Change
(basis points)		Interest Income (in thousands)			Interest Income			Policy Limit
	+100	$	2,177			3.43	%		(5.00	)%
	(100)	$	(2,253	)		(3.55	)%		(5.00	)%
	+200	$	4,150			6.53	%		(15.00	)%
	(200)	$	(6,461	)		(10.17	)%		(15.00	)%
	+300	$	5,972			9.40	%		(25.00	)%
	+400	$	7,919			12.46	%		(35.00	)%

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

The Corporation carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Corporation’s management, including the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Treasurer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e). Based upon the evaluation, the Corporation’s Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officers concluded that, as of September 30, 2019, the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective. The Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that information required to be disclosed in the Corporation’s reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.

There has been no change in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.

Part II—OTHER INFORMATION          

Item 1.  Legal Proceedings      

The Corporation and PeoplesBank are involved in routine litigation incidental to their business.  In the opinion of management, there are no legal proceedings pending against the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries which are expected to have a material impact upon the consolidated financial position and/or operating results of the Corporation. Management is not aware of any adverse proceedings known or contemplated by government authorities.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors 

There have been no material changes to the risk factors as previously disclosed in Item 1A – Risk Factors – in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

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Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 

The Corporation relies on its subsidiary PeoplesBank, A Codorus Valley Company, for dividend distributions, which are subject to restrictions as reported in Note 9—Regulatory Matters of the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. 

					Total Number of		Approximate Dollar
					Shares Purchased as		Value of Shares that
	Total Number				Part of Publicly		May Yet Be Purchased
	of Shares		Average Price		Announced Plans		Under the Plans or
Period	Purchased		Paid per Share		or Programs		Programs
April 1 - 30, 2019		0	$	0		0	$	5,000,000
May 1 - 31, 2019		0	$	0		0	$	5,000,000
June 1 - 30, 2019		35,600	$	21.41		35,600	$	4,237,804
July 1 - 31, 2019		30,100	$	22.93		30,100	$	3,547,610
August 1 - 31, 2019		40,500	$	22.23		40,500	$	2,647,348
September 1 - 30, 2019		50,600	$	23.29		50,600	$	1,468,921

The Corporation has a Share Repurchase Program (Program), which was authorized in 2018 to permit the purchase of up to a maximum of 4.9 percent of the outstanding shares of the Corporation’s common stock at a price per share no greater than 150 percent of the latest quarterly published book value. The Corporation’s Board of Directors, under the Program, has approved the repurchase of shares of its common stock in an aggregate amount of up to $5 million.  For the three month period ended September 30, 2019 the Corporation had acquired 121,200 shares of its common stock under the Program for a total of $2,800,000.  For the nine month period ended September 30, 2019 the Corporation had acquired 156,800 shares of its common stock under the Program for a total of $3,500,000. No shares were repurchased in 2018 or during the first quarter of 2019 under the Program. All shares of common stock repurchased pursuant to the Program will be held as treasury shares and be available for use and reissuance for purposes as and when determined by the Board of Directors including, without limitation, pursuant to the Corporation’s Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan and its equity compensation program.

Item 3.  Defaults Upon Senior Securities 

None 

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures 

This Item 4 is not applicable to the Corporation.

Item 5.  Other Information 

None

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Item 6.  Exhibits 

Exhibit
Number 
Description of Exhibit

3.1 Amended Articles of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for June 30, 2018, filed with the Commission on August 6, 2018)

3.2 Amended By-laws (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Commission on January 12, 2016)

31.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – filed herewith.

31.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – filed herewith.

32 Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – filed herewith.

101 Financial statements from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Codorus Valley Bancorp, Inc. for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, formatted in XBRL:  (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholder’s Equity, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – filed herewith.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	Codorus Valley Bancorp, Inc.
	(Registrant)
November 4, 2019	/s/ Larry J. Miller
Date	Larry J. Miller
	Chairman, President
	and Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)
November 4, 2019	/s/ Larry D. Pickett
Date	Larry D. Pickett, CPA
	Treasurer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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