-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, HAl139T6tFBA/xOKeIpPzDFEA3k7iHOjSwXsUtw5+3gXmNzRfaPXXc3rD28NKfHi V89lLRJn06E9t+YPUU4pNA== 0001169232-06-000651.txt : 20060213 0001169232-06-000651.hdr.sgml : 20060213 20060213172854 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001169232-06-000651 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 13 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20051130 FILED AS OF DATE: 20060213 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20060213 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000777001 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: SECURITY BROKERS, DEALERS & FLOTATION COMPANIES [6211] IRS NUMBER: 133286161 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1130 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-08989 FILM NUMBER: 06605127 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE METROTECH NORTH STREET 2: 9TH FL CITY: BROOKLYN STATE: NY ZIP: 11201 BUSINESS PHONE: 3476439862 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE METROTECH NORTH STREET 2: 9TH FL. CITY: BROOKLYN STATE: NY ZIP: 11201 10-K 1 d66710_10-k.htm ANNUAL REPORT

 


SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K

  x Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005.

or

  o Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
for the transition period from _____________ to _____________

Commission file number: 1-8989

THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
13-3286161
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

383 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10179
(212) 272-2000
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code,
of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share       New York Stock Exchange  
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-fourth interest in a share of       New York Stock Exchange  
       6.15% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E          
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-fourth interest in a share of       New York Stock Exchange  
       5.72% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series F          
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-fourth interest in a share of       New York Stock Exchange  
       5.49% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series G          
7.8% Trust Issued Preferred Securities, of Bear Stearns Capital Trust III       New York Stock Exchange  
       (and registrant’s guarantee thereof)          
Euro Floating Rate Global Notes Due July 27, 2012       New York Stock Exchange  
Principal Protected Sector Selector Notes Due 2008       American Stock Exchange  
Principal Protected Notes Linked to the S&P 500 Index Due 2008       American Stock Exchange  
Principal Protected Notes Linked to the Price Performance of the       American Stock Exchange  
       Nasdaq - 100 Index Due 2009          
Principal Protected Notes Linked to the S&P 500 Index Due 2009       American Stock Exchange  
Principal Protected Notes Linked to the Dow Jones Industrial Average       American Stock Exchange  
       Due 2011          

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)

          Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No o

          Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes o No x

          Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

          Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x

          Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o

          Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

          At May 31, 2005, the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $10,347,623,434. For purposes of this information, the outstanding shares of common stock owned by directors and executive officers of the registrant were deemed to be shares of common stock held by affiliates.

          On February 6, 2006, the registrant had 119,367,360 outstanding shares of common stock, par value $1.00 per share, which is the registrant’s only class of common stock.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:

          Parts II and IV of this Form 10-K incorporate information by reference from certain portions of the registrant’s 2005 Annual Report to Stockholders. The information required to be furnished pursuant to Part III of this Form 10-K will be set forth in, and incorporated by reference from, the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the annual meeting of stockholders to be held April 11, 2006, which definitive proxy statement will be filed by the registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005.


 



 

 

THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDED NOVEMBER 30, 2005

 

Form 10-K Item Number:

 Page
  No.

 

PART I

 

 

Item 1.

Business

 

 

General Development of the Business

3

 

Financial Information about Industry Segments

3

 

Narrative Description of Business

4

 

Competition

14

 

Regulatory and Compliance Factors Affecting the Company and the Securities Industry

14

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

18

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

21

Item 2.

Properties

21

Item 3.

Legal Proceedings

22

Item 4.

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

29

 

 

 

 

Executive Officers of the Company

30

 

 

 

PART II

 

 

Item 5.

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

32

Item 6.

Selected Financial Data

32

Item 7.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial

Condition and Results of Operation

32

Item 7A.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

33

Item 8.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

33

Item 9.

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting

and Financial Disclosure

33

Item 9A.

Controls and Procedures

33

Item 9B.

Other Information

34

 

 

 

PART III

 

 

Item 10.

Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant

35

Item 11.

Executive Compensation

35

Item 12.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

35

Item 13.

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

35

Item 14.

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

35

 

 

 

PART IV

 

 

Item 15.

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

36

 

 

 

 

Signatures

39

 

Index to Financial Statements and Financial Schedules

F-1

 

 

 

2

 



 

 

PART I

Item 1. Business.

(a) General Development of the Business

 

The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on August 21, 1985. The Company is a holding company that through its broker-dealer and international bank subsidiaries, principally Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. (“Bear Stearns”), Bear, Stearns Securities Corp. (“BSSC”), Bear, Stearns International Limited (“BSIL”) and Bear Stearns Bank plc (“BSB”) is a leading investment banking, securities and derivatives trading, clearance and brokerage firm serving corporations, governments, institutional and individual investors worldwide. BSSC, a subsidiary of Bear Stearns, provides professional and correspondent clearing services, in addition to clearing and settling customer transactions and certain proprietary transactions of the Company. The Company succeeded on October 29, 1985 to the business of Bear, Stearns & Co., a New York limited partnership (the “Partnership”). In addition to conducting a substantial portion of its operating activities through certain of its regulated subsidiaries noted above, (Bear Stearns, BSSC, BSIL and BSB), the Company also conducts activities through the following wholly owned subsidiaries: Bear Stearns Global Lending Limited; Custodial Trust Company; Bear Stearns Financial Products Inc.; Bear Stearns Capital Markets Inc.; Bear Stearns Credit Products Inc.; Bear Stearns Forex Inc.; EMC Mortgage Corporation; Bear Stearns Commercial Mortgage, Inc. and through its majority owned subsidiary Bear Hunter Holdings LLC. As used in this report, the “Company” refers (unless the context requires otherwise) to The Bear Stearns Companies Inc., its subsidiaries and the prior business activities of the Partnership.

 

The Company’s website is http://www.bearstearns.com. The Company makes available free of charge on its website its annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, Forms 3, 4 and 5 filed on behalf of directors and executive officers and any amendments to such reports filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Also posted on the Company’s website, and available in print upon request of any stockholder to the Investor Relations Department, are charters for the Company’s Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, Corporate Governance Committee, Nominating Committee and Qualified Legal Compliance Committee. Copies of the Corporate Governance Guidelines and the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”) governing our directors, officers and employees are also posted on the Company’s website within the “Corporate Governance” section under the heading “About Bear Stearns” and are available in print upon request of any stockholder to the Investor Relations Department.

Within the time period required by the SEC and the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. (the “NYSE”) the Company will post on its website any modifications to the Code and any waivers applicable to Senior Executives, as defined in the Code.

The Investor Relations Department can be contacted at The Bear Stearns Companies Inc., 383 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10179, Attn.: Investor Relations, telephone: (212) 272-2000.

(b) Financial Information about Industry Segments

The Company is primarily engaged in business as a securities broker and dealer operating in three principal segments: Capital Markets, Global Clearing Services and Wealth Management. These segments are analyzed separately due to the distinct nature of the products they provide and the clients they serve. Certain Capital Markets products are distributed by the Wealth Management and Global Clearing Services distribution networks, with the related revenues of such intersegment services allocated to the respective segments.

 

 

 

 

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The Capital Markets segment comprises the institutional equities, fixed income and investment banking areas. The Capital Markets segment operates as a single integrated unit that provides the sales, trading and origination effort for various fixed income, equity and advisory products and services. Each of the three businesses works in tandem to deliver these services to institutional and corporate clients. Institutional equities consists of sales, trading and research, in areas such as domestic and international equities, block trading, convertible bonds, over-the-counter (“OTC”) equities, equity derivatives, risk and convertible arbitrage and through a consolidated joint venture, the NYSE, American Stock Exchange (“AMEX”) and International Securities Exchange (“ISE”) specialist and market-making activities. Fixed income includes sales, trading and research provided to institutional clients across a variety of products such as mortgage- and asset-backed securities, corporate and government bonds, municipal bonds, high yield products, foreign exchange, interest rate and credit derivatives. Investment banking provides services in capital raising, strategic advice, mergers and acquisitions and merchant banking. Capital raising encompasses the Company’s underwriting of equity, investment-grade, municipal and high yield debt products.

The Global Clearing Services segment provides execution, clearing, margin lending and securities borrowing to facilitate customer short sales to clearing clients worldwide. Prime brokerage clients include hedge funds and clients of money managers, short sellers, arbitrageurs and other professional investors. Fully disclosed clients engage in either the retail or institutional brokerage business. At November 30, 2005, the Company held approximately $258.1 billion of equity in Global Clearing Services client accounts.

The Wealth Management segment is composed of the Private Client Services (“PCS”) and asset management areas. PCS provides high-net-worth individuals with an institutional level of investment service, including access to the Company’s resources and professionals. At November 30, 2005, PCS had approximately 500 account executives in its principal office, six regional offices, three satellite offices and two international offices. Asset management manages equity, fixed income and alternative assets for corporate pension plans, public systems, endowments, foundations, multi-employer plans, insurance companies, corporations, families and high-net-worth individuals in the United States (“US”) and abroad. The asset management area had $41.9 billion in assets under management at November 30, 2005, which compared to $37.8 billion in assets under management at November 30, 2004.

Financial information regarding the Company’s business segments and foreign operations as of November 30, 2005, November 30, 2004, and November 30, 2003 and for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, November 30, 2004 and November 30, 2003 is set forth under “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” in Note 19 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, entitled “Segment and Geographic Area Data,” and is incorporated herein by reference.

(c) Narrative Description of Business

The business of the Company includes: market-making and trading in US government, government agency, corporate debt and equity, mortgage-related, asset-backed, municipal securities and high yield products; trading in options, futures, foreign currencies, interest rate swaps and other derivative products; securities, options and futures brokerage; providing securities clearance services; managing equity and fixed income assets for institutional and individual clients; financing customer activities; securities lending; securities and futures arbitrage; involvement in specialist and market-making activities on the NYSE, AMEX and ISE; underwriting and distributing securities; arranging for the private placement of securities; assisting in mergers, acquisitions, restructurings and leveraged transactions; making principal investments in leveraged acquisitions; engaging in commercial real estate activities; investment management and advisory services; fiduciary, custody, agency and securities research services.

The Company’s business is conducted from its principal offices in New York City; from domestic regional offices in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Juan and Scottsdale; from representative offices in Beijing, Hong Kong, São Paulo and Shanghai; and through international offices in Dublin, Hong Kong, London, Lugano, Milan, Singapore and Tokyo. The Company’s international offices provide services and engage in investment activities involving foreign clients and international transactions. Additionally, certain of these foreign offices provide services to US clients.

 

 

 

 

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Bear Stearns and BSSC are broker-dealers registered with the SEC. Additionally, Bear Stearns is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC. Bear Stearns and/or BSSC are also members of the NYSE, all other principal US securities and futures exchanges, the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (“NASD”), the National Futures Association (“NFA”) and the ISE. Bear Stearns is a “primary dealer” in US government securities as designated by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

BSIL is a full service broker-dealer based in London. BSIL is incorporated in the United Kingdom and is authorized and regulated by the Financial Services Authority (“FSA”).

BSB is an Ireland-based bank, which was registered in 1996 and subsequently granted a banking license on April 10, 1997 under the Irish Central Bank Act, 1971. BSB allows the Company’s existing and prospective clients the opportunity of dealing with a banking counterparty. BSB is incorporated in Ireland.

Bear Stearns Global Lending Limited (“BSGL”) provides loans to certain Bear Stearns customers. BSGL is incorporated in the Cayman Islands.

Custodial Trust Company (“CTC”), a Federal Deposit Insurance Company (“FDIC”) insured New Jersey state chartered bank, offers a range of trust, lending and securities-clearance services. CTC provides the Company with banking powers including access to the securities and funds-wire services of the Federal Reserve System. CTC provides trust, custody, agency and securities lending services for institutional accounts; commercial and margin lending; the clearance of government securities for institutions and dealers; and the processing of mortgage and mortgage-related products, including derivatives and collateralized mortgage obligations products. At November 30, 2005, CTC held approximately $61 billion of assets for clients, including institutional clients such as pension funds, mutual funds, endowment funds and insurance companies. CTC is incorporated in the State of New Jersey.

Bear Stearns Financial Products Inc. (“BSFP”) transacts business as a triple-A-rated counterparty to eligible clients, offering a wide range of fixed income and equity derivative products. Eligible clients are those rated A3 or better by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and A- or better by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services or counterparties acceptable to both rating agencies. BSFP transfers its market risk associated with derivative transactions to Bear Stearns Capital Markets Inc., an affiliate of BSFP and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. BSFP is incorporated in the State of Delaware.

Bear Stearns Capital Markets Inc. (“BSCM”) is engaged in fixed income derivatives transactions and hedges associated therewith. BSCM is incorporated in the State of Delaware.

Bear Stearns Credit Products Inc. (“BSCPI”) is engaged in credit derivatives transactions and hedges associated therewith. BSCPI is incorporated in the State of Delaware.

Bear Stearns Forex Inc. (“BSFX”) is a foreign exchange dealer engaged in foreign currency transactions and hedges associated therewith. BSFX is incorporated in the State of Delaware.

EMC Mortgage Corporation (“EMC”) is a US Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”) and Freddie MAC approved lender based in Irving, Texas. EMC purchases both conforming and non-conforming, investment-grade and non-investment grade, conventional fixed rate and adjustable rate residential mortgage loans with servicing released or retained and sells such loans to investors. EMC also purchases and sells residual certificates and mortgage servicing rights. EMC is incorporated in the State of Delaware.

Bear Stearns Commercial Mortgage, Inc. (“BSCMI”) is primarily engaged in the origination and securitization of commercial mortgage loans for resale in the form of pass-through securities (“certificates”). These certificates represent fractional and undivided interests in pools of mortgage loans held in a trust. BSCMI is incorporated in the State of New York.

 

 

 

 

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Bear Hunter Holdings LLC (“BHH”) is a Delaware limited liability company jointly owned by the Company and Hunter Partners LLC. Bear Wagner Specialists LLC (“Bear Wagner”), BHH’s principal wholly owned subsidiary, is a registered broker dealer primarily engaged in specialist and market-making activities on the NYSE, AMEX and ISE.

As of November 30, 2005, the Company had 11,843 employees.

The following areas are included in the three business segments mentioned above in Item 1(b).

Equities

General. The Company provides customers with liquidity, sales and trading expertise and equity research in products such as domestic and international equities, block trading, convertible bonds, OTC equities, equity derivatives, risk and convertible arbitrage and through our consolidated joint venture, NYSE, AMEX and ISE specialist and market-making activities.

Options and Index Products. The Company provides an array of equity and index option-related execution services to institutional and individual clients. The Company utilizes sophisticated research and computer modeling to formulate specific recommendations relating to options and index trading.

Arbitrage. The Company engages for its own account in both “classic” and “risk” arbitrage. The Company’s risk arbitrage activities generally involve the purchase of securities at a discount from a value that is expected to be realized if a proposed or anticipated merger, recapitalization, tender offer or exchange offer is consummated. In classic arbitrage, the Company seeks to profit from temporary discrepancies (i) between the price of a security in two or more markets, (ii) between the price of a convertible security and its underlying security, (iii) between securities that are, or will be, exchangeable at a future date and (iv) between the prices of securities with contracts settling on different dates. The Company also examines relative value strategies. These strategies focus on pairs of equities or different levels of the capital structure of the same firm. In these relative value cases, the Company believes strong reasons exist for the prices of the securities to be highly correlated.

Strategic Structuring and Transactions (“SST”). The Company targets mispriced assets using sophisticated models and proprietary quantitative methods. The Company maintains substantial proprietary trading and investment positions in domestic and foreign markets covering a wide spectrum of equity and commodity products which include the use of futures, listed and OTC options and swaps. The Company has equity ownerships in various power-related assets and has recently formed CalBear Energy L.P., a new energy marketing and trading venture to develop a significant customer business focused on physical natural gas and power trading and related structured transactions.

Equity Securities.

 

(i)

OTC. The Company makes markets on a principal basis in common and preferred stocks, warrants and other securities traded on the NASD’s Automated Quotation System and otherwise in the OTC market.

 

(ii)

Direct Access. The Company operates a direct access business through Institutional Direct Inc, a broker-dealer and wholly owned subsidiary of Bear Stearns, by providing execution and operations services to qualified institutional investors. Such investors may directly access brokers on the floor of the NYSE and execute and service orders directly with them.

 

 

 

 

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Equity Research. The Equity Research Department provides in-depth, thematic research underpinned by detailed financial models. The department offers research on more than 1,000 companies in approximately 100 industries (57% of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and 76% of the market capitalization of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index), is widely recognized for high quality macro research and includes the #1 Institutional Investor ranked strategy and accounting teams. The coverage of US stocks is complemented by Latin, European and Asian research teams. The department provides independent third party research reports and ratings on US covered companies as well as foreign securities with liquid ADRs.

 

Convertible Securities. The Company engages in the sales and trading of equity-linked securities including convertible bonds, convertible preferreds, equity-linked notes and warrants. Market coverage includes the United States, Europe, Asia and Latin America.

 

Equity Sales. The Company is one of the leading firms in the US providing brokerage services to institutional investors. Institutional equity sales involves the execution of transactions in US and foreign (European, Latin and Asian) equity and equity-linked securities for domestic and foreign institutional customers and providing these customers with liquidity, trading expertise, trade execution, research and investment advice. The Company provides transaction services for institutional customers who trade in futures and futures-related instruments.

 

Block Stock and Portfolio Trading. The Company effects transactions in large baskets of securities with institutional customers. The Company also provides customers execution capabilities for baskets of equity securities using sophisticated trading systems and analytics. Transactions are handled on an agency basis whenever possible, but the Company may be required to take a long or short position in a security to the extent that an offsetting purchaser or seller is not immediately available, or to guarantee prices versus a benchmark (i.e. volume weighted average price).

 

Specialist and Market-Making. The Company engages in specialist and market-making activities on the NYSE, AMEX and ISE through participation in a majority-owned consolidated joint venture. Such joint venture performs specialist functions in NYSE-listed and AMEX-listed stocks and performs market-making functions for options traded on the ISE. The rules of these exchanges generally require specialists to maintain orderly markets in the securities in which they are specialists, which may require commitments of significant amounts of capital to the Company’s specialist businesses. The market-making functions of a specialist involve risk of loss during periods of market fluctuation and volatility, since specialists are obligated to take positions in their issues counter to the direction of the market in order to minimize short-term imbalances in the auction market. Due to the occurrence of a Control Event (as defined in BHH’s limited liability company agreement) that was triggered in December 2003, the Company began consolidating this entity in fiscal 2004.

Fixed Income

General. The Company makes inter-dealer markets and trades on a principal basis in a wide range of instruments including: US and foreign government securities; government agency securities; corporate debt; mortgages; mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities; municipal and other tax-exempt securities and interest rate swaps and other derivative products. Bear Stearns is one of the largest dealers in the US in such fixed income securities. Inventories of fixed income securities are generally carried to facilitate sales to customers and other dealers.

US Government Bonds and Agency Obligations. Bear Stearns is designated by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as a primary dealer in US government obligations. The Company participates in the auction of, and maintains proprietary positions in, US Treasury bills, notes, bonds, and stripped principal and coupon securities. The Company also participates as a selling group member and/or underwriter in the distribution of various US government agency and sponsored corporation securities and maintains proprietary positions in such securities. In connection with these activities, the Company enters into transactions in options, futures and forward contracts to hedge such positions.

 

 

 

 

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As a primary dealer, Bear Stearns bids directly on all auctions of US government securities. Additionally, Bear Stearns furnishes periodic reports of its inventory positions and market transactions in US government securities to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Bear Stearns also buys and sells government securities directly with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as part of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s open-market activities. In addition, the Company engages in matched book activities, which involve acting as an intermediary between borrowers and lenders of short-term funds, mainly via repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements. The objective of this matched book activity is to earn a positive spread between interest rates.

Mortgage-Related Securities and Products. The Company trades and makes markets in the following mortgage-related securities and products: Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) securities; Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”) participation certificates; Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) mortgage-backed securities; Small Business Administration loans; loans guaranteed by the Farmers Home Loan Administration; Federal Housing Authority insured multi-family loans; real estate mortgage investment conduit (“REMIC”) and non-REMIC collateralized mortgage obligations, including residual interests and other derivative mortgage-backed securities and products. The Company also trades real estate mortgage loans originated by unaffiliated mortgage lenders, both on a securitized and non-securitized basis. The Company acts as underwriter and placement agent in transactions involving rated and non-rated mortgage-related securities issued by affiliated and unaffiliated parties. The Company enters into significant commitments – such as forward contracts – on GNMA, FNMA, and FHLMC securities, and on other rated and non-rated mortgage-related securities. Certain rated and non-rated mortgage-related securities are considered to be liquid, while other such securities and non-securitized mortgage loans are considered to be less readily marketable.

The Company trades GNMA, FNMA and FHLMC “to be announced” securities (i.e., securities having a stated coupon and the original term to maturity, although the issuer and/or the specific pool of mortgage loans is not known at the time of the transaction). The Company buys and sells such securities for its own account in transactions with institutional and individual customers, as well as with other dealers.

The Company, through various special purpose subsidiaries, purchases, originates, sells and services entire loan portfolios of varying quality. These portfolios are generally purchased from financial institutions and other secondary mortgage-market sellers. Prior to bidding on a portfolio of loans, an analysis of the portfolio is undertaken by experienced mortgage-loan underwriters. Upon acquisition of a loan portfolio, the loans are classified as either investment-grade or non-investment-grade. Loan collection is emphasized for the non-investment-grade segment of the loan portfolio. A collection department employs a staff of workout specialists and loan counselors who assist delinquent borrowers. If collection efforts are unsuccessful, the foreclosure group will commence and monitor the foreclosure process until either the borrower makes the loan current, or the property securing the loan is foreclosed or otherwise acquired. The portfolio may include real estate that has been foreclosed or was in the process of foreclosure at the time of its acquisition. The foreclosure group maintains and markets properties through regional real estate brokers. Investment-grade mortgage loans are sold to other institutional investors in either securitized or non-securitized form. Moreover, special purpose vehicles issue REMIC and non-REMIC collateralized mortgage obligations directly or through trusts that are established for this purpose.

The Company also operates a commercial mortgage conduit that originates and accumulates commercial mortgage loans for the purpose of securitization. After receipt of loan applications, extensive credit underwriting reviews are conducted. After completing pricing analysis and successful negotiations, the loan will “close” and be included in an ensuing securitization.

Asset-Backed Securities. The Company acts as underwriter and placement agent with respect to investment-grade and non-investment-grade asset-backed securities issued by affiliates as well as unaffiliated third parties. These asset-backed securities include: securities backed by consumer automobile receivables originated by the captive finance subsidiaries of automobile manufacturers, commercial banks and finance companies; credit card receivables and home-equity lines of credit or second mortgages. The Company also trades and is a market-maker in these asset-backed securities. While there are ready markets for the investment-grade asset-backed securities described above, non-investment-grade securities and related varieties thereof may lack liquidity.

 

 

 

 

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Municipal Securities and Related Products. The Company is a dealer in tax-exempt and taxable municipal securities and instruments including: general obligation and revenue bonds; notes; leases; and variable-rate obligations issued by state and local governments and authorities, as well as not-for-profit institutions. The Company is active as a managing underwriter of negotiated and competitive new security issuances and, on a select basis, provides financial advisory services. The Company makes markets and takes positions in a broad spectrum of long-term and short-term municipal securities and derivative contracts, mainly to facilitate transactions with institutional and individual customers, as well as other dealers. As agent for issuers, the Company earns fees by remarketing short-term debt instruments to investors in the variable rate demand and auction rate bond market. The Company offers a variety of derivative products to issuers to assist them in reducing their borrowing costs, maximizing investment returns and managing cash flows and balance sheets, including but not limited to interest rate swaps, caps, floors, options and forward delivery, and debt service reserve and debt service deposit agreements. The Company periodically uses municipal and treasury bonds, futures and interest rate swaps to hedge its cash-market bond inventory. In addition, the Company maintains a hedged portfolio of high quality municipal securities which are remarketed as short-term securities in order to generate arbitrage profits.

Derivatives. The Company offers to institutional customers, and trades for its own account, a variety of exchange-traded and OTC derivative products, including fixed income, credit and equity derivatives. These products are transacted, as principal, with customers for hedging (credit, currency, interest rate or market), risk management, asset/liability management, investment, financing and other purposes. These transactions are in the form of swaps, options, swaptions, asset swaps and structured notes, as well as more complex, structured trades which are customized to meet customers’ specific needs. Derivatives enable customers to build tailor-made risk/return profiles, to customize transaction terms, to develop packaged solutions to a problem, to implement trades that otherwise could not be executed and to transact business with standardized documentation. The Company also enters into derivative transactions for various purposes, including to manage the risks to which the Company is exposed in its various businesses and through its funding activities. The Company manages its market and counterparty risks arising from derivatives activities in a manner consistent with its overall risk management policies. The Company has 24 hours a day capabilities with personnel based in New York, Chicago, London, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Singapore and Dublin.

Corporate and Sovereign Fixed Income. The Company acts as a dealer in corporate and sovereign fixed income securities as well as preferred stocks in New York, London and Tokyo. The Company buys and sells these securities for its own account in principal transactions with institutional and individual customers, as well as other dealers. The Company conducts trading in the full spectrum of dollar and non-dollar debt securities. The Company offers hedging and arbitrage services to domestic and foreign institutional and individual customers utilizing financial futures and other instruments. Moreover, the Company offers quantitative, strategic and research services relating to fixed income securities to its domestic and international clients. The Company participates in the trading of investment-grade and non-investment-grade corporate debt securities, commercial loans and sovereign and sovereign agency securities.

Foreign Exchange. The Company acts as a dealer in foreign exchange in New York and London. The Company conducts trading in major and minor currencies for spot or forward settlement, over-the-counter foreign exchange options and structured products, and listed foreign exchange futures and options on futures. The Company trades OTC contracts, on a principal basis, with domestic and international clients, as well as other dealers. The Company offers research and assists clients to meet their specific risk management objectives. Additionally, the Company enters into foreign exchange contracts to manage the currency risk or funding requirements of its various businesses.

Fixed Income Research. The Company is a leader in the distribution, trading and underwriting of corporate, government, high yield, emerging markets, municipal debt and mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities. Through objective and comprehensive analysis, the Fixed Income Research Department helps our businesses and clients position themselves strategically in global fixed income markets. Fixed Income Research Department produces a wide range of comprehensive publications, as well as leading data and analytics tools, which are available to investors throughout the world. This department also creates portfolio and trading ideas for investors based on valuations, analytics and market conditions.

 

 

 

 

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Fixed Income Research is comprised of economists, industry analysts and strategists covering the full range of research disciplines: quantitative, fundamental, economic, strategic, credit portfolio, relative value and market-specific analysis. Representative of the Company’s commitment to offering a broad range of research products, Fixed Income Research is comprised of the following units located in New York, London and Singapore:

 

(i)

Financial Analytics and Structured Transactions Group (“F.A.S.T.”) is comprised of the Rates and Structured Products Research groups. F.A.S.T is a center of expertise for the creation and analysis of fixed income and derivative securities worldwide. F.A.S.T. uses innovative solutions that employ state-of-the-art analytics and technology to help the Company and its clients successfully meet individual business objectives. F.A.S.T. is a global resource for financial engineering and securitization capabilities, fixed income portfolio management and analytical systems, investment research, trading technology and general financial expertise. A strategic partner for the Company’s international trading desks, risk management areas and sales force, F.A.S.T. also serves the Company’s external clients. In addition to formulating and executing customized strategic investment and trading solutions, F.A.S.T. develops the tools and recommendations necessary to quantify relevant risks and evaluate portfolios and securities. F.A.S.T.’s resources are used to create and model new types of securities, affording clients the unique perspective of both issuer and investor.

 

(ii)

High Grade Research offers comprehensive coverage on approximately 16 industries and over 400 credit names whose securities are rated as investment-grade by the leading credit rating agencies. Through focus on the credit quality of individual issuers and macroeconomic factors, High Grade Research offers detailed analysis and expertise to investors in investment grade securities.

 

(iii)

High Yield Research offers comprehensive coverage on approximately 20 industries and over 200 credit names whose securities do not qualify as investment-grade by the leading credit rating agencies. High Yield Research analyzes the risks, technical metrics, and fundamentals that investors need to develop their high yield portfolios.

 

(iv)

Emerging Markets Research covers sovereign and corporate issues across Latin America, Central America and the Caribbean, Asia, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Africa. Emerging Markets Research focuses on macroeconomic factors, changes in US and global interest rates, investment fundamentals, as well as the political, economic and fiscal environments of issuers, to give investors a unique perspective into emerging markets fixed income securities.

 

(v)

Municipal Research focuses on sectors, trends, and issuer-specific analysis of securities issued by states, cities, counties and other governmental entities. Municipal Research provides investors with detailed information and analysis on credit ratings and bond characteristics for the full range of municipal securities.

Investment Banking

The Company is a major global investment banking firm providing a full range of capital formation and advisory services to a broad spectrum of clients. The Company manages and participates in public offerings and arranges the private placement of debt and equity securities directly with institutional investors. The Company provides advisory services to clients on a wide range of financial matters and assists with mergers, acquisitions, leveraged buyouts, divestitures, corporate reorganizations and recapitalizations.

The Company’s strategy is to concentrate a major portion of its corporate finance business development efforts within those industries in which the Company has established a leadership position in providing investment banking services. Industry specialty groups include media and entertainment, health care, financial institutions, industrial, technology and telecommunications. This list is not exclusive but rather reflects the areas where the Company believes its knowledge and expertise are strongest. The Company also has a group that focuses on financial sponsors. These groups are responsible for initiating, developing and maintaining client relationships and for executing transactions involving these clients.

 

 

 

 

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In addition to being structured according to distinct industry groups, the Company has a number of professionals who specialize in specific types of transactions. These include mergers and acquisitions (“M&A”), equity offerings, high yield securities, leveraged and syndicated bank loans, leveraged acquisitions and other transaction specialties.

Mergers and Acquisitions. The Company provides strategic advisory services on a broad range of financial matters, including mergers and acquisitions, restructurings, split-offs and spin-offs, takeover defenses and other strategic advice.

Equity Offerings. The equity capital markets group focuses on providing financing for issuers of equity and convertible equity securities in the public markets. The group assists in the origination and is responsible for the structuring and execution of transactions for a broad range of clients.

High Yield Securities. The high yield securities group focuses on providing financing in the public and private capital markets. The group is responsible for originating, structuring and executing high yield transactions across a wide range of companies and industries, as well as managing client relationships with both high yield corporate issuers and financial sponsors of leveraged transactions.

Leveraged Loan Origination and Syndication. This area of the Company integrates the origination, structuring, underwriting, distribution and trading of loans. Such loans include both funded as well as committed investment-grade and non-investment-grade loans.

Leveraged Acquisitions. The Company makes investments as principal in leveraged acquisitions and in leveraged buy-out funds as a limited partner. The Company’s investments generally take the form of either common or preferred stock or warrants. Equity securities purchased in these transactions generally are held for appreciation and are not readily marketable.

Commercial Real Estate. The Company is engaged in a variety of real estate activities on a nationwide basis. It provides comprehensive real estate-related investment banking, capital markets and financial advisory services.

Merchant Banking. Bear Stearns Merchant Banking, the private equity affiliate of the Company, invests private equity capital in compelling leveraged buyouts, recapitalizations and growth capital opportunities in a broad range of industries.

Emerging Markets

The Company provides financial services in various emerging markets worldwide including: securities brokerage, equity and fixed income trading and sales, and securities research, in addition to offering a full range of investment banking, capital formation and advisory services. As part of these activities, the Company manages and participates in public offerings and arranges the private placement of debt and equity securities with institutional investors. The markets currently covered by the Company include Latin America, Asia and Eastern Europe.

Global Clearing Services

 

Global Clearing Services provides securities clearing and custody, financing, securities lending, trade execution and technology solutions for hedge funds, broker-dealers and registered investment advisors.

For start-up and established hedge funds worldwide, Global Clearing Services is a leader in providing comprehensive “prime brokerage”, which includes securities clearing, advanced web-based portfolio reporting, enhanced leverage programs, term financing, securities lending and cash management.

 

 

 

 

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For broker-dealers conducting retail, institutional and money management activities the Company provides “fully disclosed correspondent securities clearing services”. The Company’s advanced proprietary technology, combined with comprehensive retail products, integrated prime brokerage, operations expertise and exceptional service have enabled the Company to maintain its industry leadership for many years.

For registered investment advisors whose services include asset management, leverage and active trading, the Company provides a combination of trade execution, web-based portfolio reporting for their investors and comprehensive service and support.

The Company derives revenues from commissions and service charges related to clearing and execution activities and from interest income on margin financing, client short selling activity, and uninvested balances. The Company extends margin loans directly to correspondents to finance proprietary activity.

The financial responsibilities arising from the Company’s clearing relationships are allocated in accordance with agreements with correspondents. To the extent that the correspondent has available resources, the Company is protected against claims by customers of the correspondent when the correspondent has been allocated responsibility for an event giving rise to a claim. However, if the correspondent is unable to meet its obligations, dissatisfied customers may attempt to seek recovery from the Company.

Securities transactions are effected for customers on either a cash or margin basis. In a margin transaction, the Company extends credit to a customer for a portion of the purchase price of the security. Such credit is collateralized by securities in the customer’s accounts in accordance with regulatory and internal requirements. The Company receives income from interest charged on such loans at a rate that is primarily based upon the Federal Funds Rate, Bear Stearns Base Lending Rate, or the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR).

The Company borrows securities from banks and other broker-dealers to facilitate customer and proprietary short selling activity, and lends securities to broker-dealers and other trading entities to cover short sales and to complete transactions that require delivery of securities by settlement date.

Futures

The Company, through BSSC and other subsidiaries, provides, directly or through third-party brokers, futures commission merchant services for customers and other Bear Stearns affiliates who trade contracts in futures on financial instruments and physical commodities, including options on futures. Exchange-traded futures and options derive their values from the values of the underlying selected stock indices, individual equity securities, fixed income securities, currencies, agricultural and energy products and precious metals.

Domestic futures and options trading is subject to extensive regulation by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), pursuant to the Commodity Exchange Act and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission Act of 1974. International futures and options trading activities are subject to regulation by the respective regulatory authorities in the locations where futures exchanges reside, including the FSA in the United Kingdom.

Margin requirements (good faith deposits) covering substantially all transactions in futures and options contracts are subject to each particular exchange’s requirements in addition to other regulations. In the US, the Company, through BSSC and other subsidiaries, is a clearing member of the Chicago Board of Trade, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, the New York Mercantile Exchange and other principal futures exchanges. In the United Kingdom, the Company through BSIL is a member of the International Petroleum Exchange (“IPE”), Euronext Liffe (“LIFFE”) and the European Derivatives Exchange (“EDX”). BSIL also has non-clearing memberships with Euronext Paris, Euronext Amsterdam and Eurex AG Frankfurt. In Japan, memberships are held by the Company through Bear Stearns (Japan), Limited (“BSJL”) with the Tokyo Stock Exchange, Inc. (“TSE”), the Osaka Securities Exchange Co., Ltd (“OSE”) and the Tokyo International Financial Futures Exchange (“TIFFE”).

 

 

 

 

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PCS

PCS provides high-net-worth individuals with an institutional level of service, including access to the Company’s resources and professionals. PCS has approximately 500 account executives in its principal office, six regional offices, three satellite offices and two international offices.

Asset Management

The Company’s Asset Management Department manages equity, fixed income and alternative assets for some of the leading corporate pension plans, public systems, endowments, foundations, multi-employer plans, insurance companies, corporations, families and high-net-worth individuals in the US and abroad. With $41.9 billion in assets under management as of November 30, 2005, clients benefit from the asset management group’s ability to leverage the Company’s extensive resources and proven skill at turning innovative ideas into rewarding investment opportunities. Institutional and high-net-worth products span a broad spectrum of equity strategies including large cap, small cap, systematic, core and value equity; fixed income strategies including cash and enhanced cash management, short-term, intermediate, core, high yield and leveraged loans; and alternative investment strategies including various equity and fixed income hedge funds, a fund of proprietary hedge funds, private equity funds of funds, venture capital and structured products.

Administration and Operations

Administration and operations personnel are responsible for the human resources, legal and compliance areas; for processing of securities transactions; receipt, identification and delivery of funds and securities; internal financial controls; accounting functions; regulatory and financial reporting; office services; the custody of customer securities; the overseeing of margin accounts of the Company and correspondent organizations as well as other functions. The processing, settlement and accounting for transactions for the Company, correspondent organizations and the customers of correspondent organizations are handled by employees located in offices in New York, New Jersey and, to a lesser extent, the Company’s offices worldwide.

The Company executes transactions globally on listed exchanges and in the OTC markets to facilitate customer and proprietary trading activities. The Company settles all of its domestic and international transactions (i.e., delivery of securities sold, receipt of securities purchased and transfer of related funds) through its own facilities, unaffiliated agent banks, other broker-dealers and through memberships in various clearing organizations.

International

Outside the US, the Company, through its international subsidiaries, provides various services including investment banking, securities and derivatives trading and brokerage and clearing activities to corporations, governments, institutions and individual clients throughout the world. These international subsidiaries of the Company have memberships on various foreign securities and futures exchanges.

BSIL, based in London, is a member of a number of European exchanges such as Eurex Deutschland (“EUREX”), the IPE, LIFFE, Euronext Paris, Euronext Amsterdam, and London Metals Exchange (“LME”). BSIL’s capabilities include investment banking, institutional equities and fixed income sales, trading and research, derivatives, financial futures, foreign exchange, private client services and global clearing.

Bear Stearns International Trading Limited (“BSIT”) is also based in London and its principal activity is to act as a securities dealer making markets in equities.

BSJL, based in Tokyo, serves the diverse needs of corporations, financial institutions and government agencies by offering a range of international fixed income and equity products as well as listed futures. BSJL also offers a range of derivative products within Japan with special focus on fixed income, credit and equity derivatives. Asset-backed securitization, mergers and acquisitions, corporate finance and restructuring services are also available for local and cross-border business.

 

 

 

 

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Bear Stearns Asia Limited (“BSAL”), based in Hong Kong, is the Company’s primary operating entity in the Asia-Pacific region, excluding Japan. BSAL provides clients with international equity sales, trading and research services. In addition, BSAL is a major center within the Company’s global fixed income, credit and equity-related derivatives businesses. BSAL also has investment banking capabilities to serve the growing needs of clients in Asia.

Bear Stearns Singapore Pte. Limited (“BSSP”) provides sales, execution and research services on fixed income securities to institutional investors in Asia.

BSB, based in Dublin, allows the Company’s existing and prospective clients the opportunity of dealing with a banking counterparty. BSB also serves as a platform from which the Company directs some of its international banking activities, gaining easier access to worldwide markets and thereby expanding its capacity to increase its client base and product range. BSB engages in capital market activities with particular focus on the trading and sales of OTC interest rate derivative products. BSB also provides custody and trustee services to the growing number of alternative investment funds domiciled in Ireland and in other offshore jurisdictions.

(d) Competition

The Company encounters intense competition in all aspects of the securities business, particularly underwriting, trading and advisory services and competes directly with other securities firms – both domestic and foreign – many having substantially greater capital and resources and offering a wider range of financial services than does the Company. The Company’s competitors include other brokers and dealers, commercial banks, investment banking firms, investment advisors, mutual funds, hedge funds, private equity funds and insurance companies

The Company believes that the principal factors affecting competition involve the caliber and abilities of professional personnel, the relative price of the service and products being offered, the ability to assist with financing arrangements and the quality of service.

Over time there has been substantial consolidation and convergence as institutions involved in a broad range of financial services industries have either ceased operations or have been acquired by or merged into other firms. This has resulted in competitors gaining greater capital, geographic reach and other resources, such as the ability to offer a wider range of products and services.

(e) Regulatory and Compliance Factors Affecting the Company and the Securities Industry

Legal: Firms in the financial services industry have been operating in a difficult regulatory environment. The industry has experienced increased scrutiny from a variety of regulators, including the SEC, NYSE, NASD and state attorneys general. Penalties and fines sought by regulatory authorities have increased substantially over the last several years.

Substantial legal liability or significant regulatory action against Bear Stearns could have material adverse financial effects or cause significant reputational harm to Bear Stearns, which in turn could seriously harm our business prospects. We face significant legal risks in our businesses, and the volume of claims and amount of damages and penalties claimed in litigation and regulatory proceedings against financial institutions have been increasing.

Bear Stearns, as a participant in the financial services industry, is subject to extensive regulation in jurisdictions in which we conduct business. Bear Stearns from time to time is the subject of inquires and investigations by regulatory agencies. As a result, among other things, we could be fined, prohibited from engaging in some of our business activities or subject to limitations or conditions on our business activities. New laws or regulations or changes in enforcement of existing laws or regulations applicable to our clients may also adversely affect our businesses.

 

 

 

 

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In addition, the SEC and other federal and state regulators have increased their scrutiny of complex, structured finance transactions and have brought enforcement actions against a number of financial institutions in connection with such transactions. In some of the enforcement actions, clients of the financial institutions allegedly engaged in accounting, disclosure or other violations of the securities laws, and the financial institutions allegedly facilitated these improprieties by entering into transactions with the clients. We seek to create innovative solutions to address our clients’ needs, and we have entered into, and continue to enter into, structured transactions with clients. While we have policies and procedures in place that are intended to ensure that the structured transactions we enter into are appropriately reviewed and comply with applicable laws and regulations, it is possible that certain of these transactions could give rise to litigation or enforcement actions. It is possible that the heightened regulatory scrutiny of, and litigation in connection with, structured finance transactions will make our clients less willing to enter into these transactions, and will adversely affect our business in this area.

There have been a number of highly publicized cases involving fraud or other misconduct by employees in the financial services industry in recent years, and we run the risk that employee misconduct could occur. It is not always possible to deter or prevent employee misconduct and the precautions we take to prevent and detect this activity may not be effective in all cases.

On occasion, the Company and its subsidiaries have been subject to investigations and proceedings, and sanctions and fines have been imposed for infractions of various regulations, none of which, to date, has had a material adverse effect on the Company or its business. Settlements of regulatory matters may adversely affect business areas that are the subject of such settlements. As a general matter, regulatory settlements do not resolve related current and/or future civil litigations.

Regulation: The securities industry in the US is subject to extensive regulation under both federal and state laws. Moreover, Bear Stearns is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC. Much of the regulation of broker-dealers has been delegated to self-regulatory organizations, principally the NASD, the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board, and national securities exchanges such as the NYSE, which has been designated by the SEC as the primary regulator of certain of the Company’s subsidiaries, including Bear Stearns and BSSC. These self-regulatory organizations (i) adopt rules, subject to approval by the SEC, that govern the industry and (ii) conduct periodic examinations of the operations of the Company’s broker-dealer subsidiaries. Securities firms are also subject to regulation by state securities administrators in those states where they conduct business.

US broker-dealers are subject to rules and regulations that cover all aspects of the securities business including: sales methods; trade practices; use and safekeeping of customer funds and securities; capital structures; recordkeeping; the preparation of research; the extension of credit and the conduct of officers and employees. Much of this regulation is embodied in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and rules promulgated thereunder, as well as the rules of self-regulatory organizations such as the NYSE and NASD. The types of regulations to which investment advisers are subject also are extensive and include: recordkeeping; fee arrangements; client disclosure; custody of customer assets; and the conduct of officers and employees. Much of this regulation is embodied in the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and rules promulgated thereunder. The mode of operation and profitability of broker-dealers or investment advisers may be directly affected by new legislation, changes in rules promulgated by the SEC and self-regulatory organizations and changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and rules. The SEC, self-regulatory organizations and state securities commissions may conduct administrative proceedings that can result in censures, fines, the issuance of cease-and-desist orders and the suspension or expulsion of a broker-dealer or an investment adviser, its officers or employees. The principal purpose of regulation and discipline of broker-dealers and investment advisers is the protection of customers and the securities markets, rather than the protection of creditors and stockholders of broker-dealers or investment advisers.

 

 

 

 

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The Market Reform Act of 1990 (the “Market Reform Act”) was adopted to strengthen the SEC’s regulatory oversight of the national securities markets and increase the efficacy and stability of such markets by, among other things: (i) providing the SEC with discretion to halt securities trading on any national exchange for the protection of investors; (ii) requiring broker-dealers and other registrants to regularly provide information to the SEC regarding holding companies and other affiliated entities whose activities can impact their financial condition; (iii) requiring broker-dealers and other registrants who execute large-trade orders to provide information to the SEC regarding such transactions; and (iv) allowing the SEC to prosecute market participants who violate SEC rules and regulations designed to maintain fair and orderly markets. The SEC has adopted the Risk Assessment Reporting Requirements for Brokers and Dealers (the “Risk Assessment Rules”) to implement the provisions of the Market Reform Act. The Risk Assessment Rules require that broker-dealers: (i) have an organizational chart; (ii) maintain risk management procedures or standards for monitoring and controlling risks; (iii) maintain and preserve records and other information; and (iv) file quarterly reports covering the risk management procedures and the financial and securities activities of the holding companies of broker-dealers, or broker-dealer affiliates or subsidiaries that are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the financial and operational condition of the broker-dealer.

The Insider Trading and Securities Fraud Enforcement Act of 1988 was adopted to strengthen the SEC’s ability to deter, detect and punish insider trading by, among other things: (i) increasing civil penalties that can be assessed against controlling persons who purposefully or recklessly fail to take adequate measures to prevent insider trading; (ii) allowing the SEC to provide cash rewards to individuals who provide evidence of insider trading; (iii) affirming the government’s ability to obtain criminal sanctions against those found guilty of insider trading; and (iv) requiring broker-dealers and investment advisers to establish and enforce written procedures reasonably designed to prevent the misuse of material, nonpublic information.

The Government Securities Act of 1986 was adopted to decrease volatility and increase investor confidence and liquidity in the government securities market by creating a coordinated and comprehensive regulatory structure for the market where none had previously existed. In particular, the Government Securities Act: (i) requires broker-dealers solely involved in government securities transactions to register with the SEC; (ii) allows the Secretary of the Treasury to adopt rules regarding the custody, use, transfer and control of government securities; and (iii) bestows upon the SEC authority to enforce such rules as to broker-dealers and other SEC registrants.

The futures industry in the US is subject to regulation under the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended. The CFTC is the federal agency charged with the administration of the Commodity Exchange Act and the regulations thereunder. Bear Stearns and BSSC are registered with the CFTC as futures commission merchants and are subject to regulation as such by the CFTC and various domestic boards of trade and other futures exchanges. Bear Stearns’ and BSSC’s futures business is also regulated by the NFA, a not-for-profit membership organization, which has been designated a registered futures association by the CFTC.

As registered broker-dealers and member firms of the NYSE, both Bear Stearns and BSSC are subject to the Net Capital Rule (Rule 15c3-1) (the “Net Capital Rule”) under the Exchange Act, which has been adopted through incorporation by reference in NYSE Rule 325. The Net Capital Rule, which specifies minimum net capital requirements for registered broker-dealers, is designed to measure the general financial integrity and liquidity of broker-dealers and requires that at least a minimal portion of a broker-dealer’s assets be kept in relatively liquid form.

 

 

 

 

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In June 2004, the SEC adopted rule amendments to “Alternative Net Capital Requirements for Broker-Dealers That Are Part of Consolidated Supervised Entities” (Rule 34-49830) that allow investment banks to voluntarily submit to be regulated by the SEC on a global consolidated basis. These regulations (referred to as CSE) were in response to what is known as the “Financial Conglomerates Directive” (2002/87/EC) of the European Parliament, which served to compel globally active institutions doing business in Europe to be regulated on a global consolidated basis. During fiscal 2005, the Company applied to the SEC to be regulated under this new CSE regime. The application filed with the SEC by Bear Stearns, the Company’s principal U.S. broker-dealer, under the net capital rule amendments, was approved in November 2005. As a result, effective December 1, 2005, Bear Stearns will use alternative methods of computing market and derivative-related credit risk, and, as a condition of using these methods, the Company has consented to consolidated supervision by the SEC. The new framework will be a notable change in the Company’s regulation, as activities which are currently transacted outside of SEC regulated entities will come under the scope of certain SEC regulations and capital adequacy oversight. In particular, the Company will: compute allowable capital and allowances for market, credit and operational risk on a consolidated basis in accordance with standards prescribed in Appendix G to the Net Capital Rules; permit the SEC to examine the books and records of the Parent Company and any affiliate that does not have a principal regulator; and adopt various additional SEC reporting, record-keeping and notification requirements. Additionally, the Company must comply with the provisions of Rule 15c3-4 of the Exchange Act with respect to a group-wide internal risk management control system in the affiliate group as if it were an OTC derivative dealer, subject to certain limitations. The Company is now deemed a CSE and is in compliance with regulatory capital requirements.

Bear Stearns and BSSC are also subject to the net capital requirements of the CFTC and various futures exchanges, which generally require that Bear Stearns and BSSC maintain a minimum net capital equal to the greater of the alternative net capital requirement provided for under the Exchange Act or 8% of the total risk maintenance margin requirements for positions carried in customer accounts plus 4% of the total risk maintenance margin requirements for positions carried in non-customer accounts, in each case as defined in Rule 1.17 of the CFTC.

Compliance with the Net Capital Rule could limit those operations of Bear Stearns and/or BSSC that require significant capital usage, such as underwriting, trading and the financing of customer margin account debit balances. The Net Capital Rule could also restrict the Company’s ability to withdraw capital from Bear Stearns or BSSC, which in turn could limit the Company’s ability to pay dividends, pay interest, repay debt, or redeem or purchase shares of its outstanding capital stock. Additional information regarding net capital requirements is set forth under “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements entitled “Regulatory Requirements”.

The activities of the Company’s bank and trust company subsidiary, CTC, are regulated by the New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance and the FDIC. FDIC regulations require certain disclosures in connection with joint advertising or promotional activities conducted by Bear Stearns and CTC. Such regulations also restrict certain activities of CTC in connection with the securities business of Bear Stearns. The Competitive Equality in Banking Act of 1987, as amended, limits the use of overdrafts at Federal Reserve Banks on behalf of affiliates.

Non-US Regulation: BSIL is a member of the following: Borsa Italiana, Casa di Compensazione & Garanzia (“CC&G”), Clearstream Banking Frankfurt (“CBF”), EDX London Limited, EUREX, Euronext, Deutsche Borse, The Futures Industry Association (“FIA”), The Futures & Options Association (“FOA”), IPE, International Securities Markets Association (“ISMA”), LCH Clearnet Limited (“LCH”), Mercato Telematico all’Ingrosso dei Titoli de Stato (“MTS”), SegaInterSettle AG (“SIS”), Stockholmsborsen AB and Virt-x. Another London subsidiary, BSIT, is a member of the London Stock Exchange (“LSE”), CREST (The Settlement Network) and a shareholder in Euroclear Plc. Both BSIL and BSIT are authorized and regulated in the United Kingdom by the FSA, pursuant to The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. FSA regulates all aspects of the financial services industry in the United Kingdom and its Rules cover (inter alia): senior management responsibilities, regulatory capital, sales and trading practices, safekeeping of customer funds, record keeping, registration standards for individuals and reporting to customers.

 

 

 

 

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BSJL is licensed with and regulated by the Financial Services Agency of Japan. BSJL is a limited trade participant to the TSE and the OSE and has a membership on the TIFFE. Bear Stearns Hong Kong Limited is registered as a Commodities Dealer with the Securities and Futures Commission (“SFC”) in Hong Kong and its main business consists of sales of US futures products to corporate and retail customers in Hong Kong. BSAL is registered as a Securities Dealer with the SFC in Hong Kong and is a participant (i.e. member) of the Hong Kong Exchange Limited. BSSP has a Capital Market Service license to conduct regulated activities in Dealing in Securities & Advising on Corporate Finance. BSSP provides sales, execution and research services on fixed income securities to institutional investors in Asia.

BSB is an Ireland-based bank which was incorporated as a limited liability company on November 27, 1995 and then re-registered on October 15, 1996 as a public company. BSB was granted a banking license on April 10, 1997 under the Irish Central Bank Act, 1971 and is regulated by the Irish Financial Services Regulatory Authority (formerly the Central Bank of Ireland), which is the principal regulator of banks in Ireland.

Insurance: Bear Stearns and BSSC are members of the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”), which provides protection for customer accounts held by these entities of up to $500,000 for each customer, subject to a limitation of $100,000 for cash balance claims in the event of the liquidation of a broker-dealer. In addition, all BSSC security accounts are protected by an excess securities bond issued by the Customer Asset Protection Company, up to the amount of their total net equity (both cash and securities) in excess of the underlying SIPC protection.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

In addition to the other information contained in this Form 10-K and the exhibits hereto, the following risk factors should be considered carefully in evaluating the Company’s business. A discussion of the policies and procedures used to identify, assess and manage certain risks is set forth under the caption “Risk Management” in the Annual Report, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit No. 13 of this report. The Company’s business, financial condition, or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. Additional risks not presently known to the Company or that the Company currently deems immaterial may also adversely affect its business, financial condition, or results of operations.

Our businesses could be adversely affected by market fluctuations. Our businesses are materially affected by conditions in the financial markets and economic conditions generally, both in the United States and elsewhere around the world. In the event of a market downturn, our businesses could be adversely affected in many ways, including those described below. Our revenues are likely to decline in such circumstances and, if we were unable to reduce expenses at the same pace, our profit margins would erode. Even in the absence of a market downturn, we are exposed to substantial risk of loss due to market volatility.

Market fluctuations and volatility may cause us to incur significant losses in our trading and investment activities. We generally maintain large trading and investment positions in the fixed income, currency, commodity and equity markets. To the extent that we own assets, i.e., have long positions, in any of those markets, a downturn in those markets could result in losses from a decline in the value of those long positions. Conversely, to the extent that we have sold assets we do not own, i.e., have short positions, in any of those markets, an upturn in those markets could expose us to potentially unlimited losses as we attempt to cover our short positions by acquiring assets in a rising market. In addition, we maintain substantial trading positions that can be adversely affected by the level of volatility in the financial markets, i.e., the degree to which trading prices fluctuate over a particular period, in a particular market, regardless of market levels.

 

 

 

 

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The Company’s businesses may be adversely affected by fluctuations in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and equity prices. In connection with the Company’s dealer and arbitrage activities, including market making in over-the-counter derivative contracts, the Company may be adversely affected by changes in the level or volatility of interest rates, mortgage prepayment speeds or the level and shape of the yield curve. In addition, when the Company buys or sells a foreign currency or a financial instrument denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars, exposure exists from a net open currency position. Until the position is covered by selling or buying the equivalent amount of the same currency or by entering into a financing arrangement denominated in the same currency, the Company is exposed to a risk that the exchange rate may move against it. The Company is also exposed to equity price risk through making markets in equity securities, distressed debt, equity derivatives as well as specialist activities. The Company may be adversely affected by changes in the level or volatility of equity prices, which affect the value of equity securities or instruments that derive their value from a particular stock, a basket of stocks or a stock index.

Our investment banking revenues may decline in adverse market or economic conditions. Unfavorable financial or economic conditions would likely reduce the number and size of transactions in which we provide underwriting, mergers and acquisitions advisory and other services. Our investment banking revenues, in the form of financial advisory and underwriting fees, are directly related to the number and size of the transactions in which we participate and would therefore be adversely affected by a sustained market downturn. In particular, our results of operations would be adversely affected by a significant reduction in the number or size of mergers and acquisitions transactions.

We may generate lower revenues from commissions and asset management fees in a market downturn. A market downturn could lead to a decline in the volume of transactions that we execute for our customers and, therefore, to a decline in the revenues we receive from commissions and spreads. In addition, because the fees that we charge for managing our clients’ portfolios are in many cases based on the value of those portfolios, a market downturn that reduces the value of our clients’ portfolios or increases the amount of withdrawals would reduce the revenue we receive from our asset management business.

Our risk management policies and procedures may leave us exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risk. The policies and procedures we use to identify, assess and manage the risks we assume in conducting our businesses are set forth under the caption “Risk Management” in the Annual Report, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit No. 13 of this report. We have devoted significant resources to develop our risk management policies and procedures and expect to continue to do so in the future. Nonetheless, our policies and procedures to identify, assess and manage risks may not be fully effective. Some of our methods of managing risk are based upon our use of observed historical market behavior. As a result, these methods may not predict future risk exposures, which could be significantly greater than the historical measures indicate. Other risk management methods depend upon evaluation of information regarding markets, clients or other matters that is publicly available or otherwise accessible by the Company. This information may not in all cases be accurate, complete, up-to-date or properly evaluated. Management of operational, legal and regulatory risk requires, among other things, policies and procedures to record properly and verify a large number of transactions and events, and these policies and procedures may not be fully effective.

Liquidity risk could impair our ability to fund operations and jeopardize our financial condition. Liquidity, i.e., ready access to funds, is essential to our businesses. Our sources of liquidity are set forth under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources” in the Annual Report, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit No. 13 of this report. An inability to raise money in the long-term or short-term debt markets, or to engage in repurchase agreements or securities lending, could have a substantial negative effect on our liquidity. Our access to debt in amounts adequate to finance our activities could be impaired by factors that affect the Company in particular or the financial services industry in general. For example, lenders could develop a negative perception of our long-term or short-term financial prospects if we incurred large trading losses, if the level of our business activity decreased due to a market downturn or if regulatory authorities took significant action against us. Our ability to borrow in the debt markets also could be impaired by factors that are not specific to the Company, such as a severe disruption of the financial markets or negative views about the prospects for the investment banking, securities or financial services industries generally.

 

 

 

 

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A reduction in our credit ratings could adversely affect our liquidity and competitive position and increase our borrowing costs. The Company’s access to external sources of financing, as well as the cost of that financing, is dependent on various factors and could be adversely affected by a deterioration of the Company’s long- and short-term debt ratings, which are influenced by a number of factors. These include, but are not limited to: material changes in operating margins; earnings trends and volatility; the prudence of funding and liquidity management practices; financial leverage on an absolute basis or relative to peers; the composition of the balance sheet and/or capital structure; geographic and business diversification; and the Company’s market share and competitive position in the business segments in which it operates. Material deterioration in any one or a combination of these factors could result in a downgrade of the Company’s credit ratings, thus increasing the cost of and/or limiting the availability of unsecured financing. Additionally, a reduction in the Company’s credit ratings could also trigger incremental collateral requirements, predominantly in the over-the-counter derivatives market.

We are exposed to risks resulting from non-performance by counterparties, customers, borrowers or debt security issuers. The Company is exposed to credit risk in its role as trading counterparty to dealers and customers, as direct lender, as holder of securities and as member of exchanges and clearing organizations. We are exposed to the risk that third parties that owe us money, securities or other assets will not perform their obligations. These parties may default on their obligations to us due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons. The policies and procedures we use to manage credit risk are set forth under the caption “Risk Management – Credit Risk” in the Annual Report, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit No. 13 of this report. There can be no assurances that these policies and procedures will effectively mitigate our exposure to credit risk.

Operational risks may disrupt our businesses, result in regulatory action against us or limit our growth. Operational risk is the potential for loss arising from inadequate or failed internal processes, people or systems, or from external events. This includes, but is not limited to, limitations in the Company’s financial systems and controls, deficiencies in legal documentation, non-compliance with the execution of legal, regulatory and fiduciary responsibilities, deficiencies in technology and the risk of loss attributable to operational problems. Our businesses are highly dependent on our ability to process, on a daily basis, a large number of transactions across numerous and diverse markets in many currencies, and the transactions we process have become increasingly complex. Consequently, we rely heavily on our financial, accounting and other data processing systems. If any of these systems do not operate properly or are disabled, we could suffer financial loss, a disruption of our businesses, liability to clients, regulatory intervention or reputational damage.

Litigation, governmental investigations and/or other legal proceedings could adversely affect the company’s business. We and certain of our subsidiaries are involved in litigation, government investigations; and other legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. Litigation is inherently unpredictable, and excessive verdicts do occur. Although we believe we have substantial defenses in these matters, we could in the future incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in any particular period. See “Item 3. Legal Proceedings.” for a discussion of certain of the legal matters in which we are currently involved.

Extensive regulation of our businesses limits our activities and may subject us to significant penalties. The financial services industry is subject to extensive regulation. The Company is subject to regulation by governmental and self-regulatory organizations in the United States and in several other jurisdictions in which it operates around the world. These regulations often serve to limit our activities, including through net capital, customer protection and market conduct requirements. We face the risk of significant intervention by regulatory authorities, including extended investigation and surveillance activity, adoption of costly or restrictive new regulations and judicial or administrative proceedings that may result in substantial penalties. Non-compliance with legal and regulatory requirements could have a material adverse financial effect or cause significant reputational harm to the Company, which in turn could seriously harm our business prospects. See “Item 1. Business – Regulatory and Compliance Factors Affecting the Company and the Securities Industry” for a further discussion of the regulatory environment in which we conduct our businesses.

 

 

 

 

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The financial services industry is intensely competitive. The Company encounters intense competition in all aspects of the securities business, particularly underwriting, trading and advisory services and competes directly with other securities firms – both domestic and foreign – many having substantially greater capital and resources and offering a wider range of financial services than does the Company. The Company competes on the basis of a number of factors, including transaction execution, our products and services, innovation, reputation and price. We may be adversely affected if our current or potential customers and clients decide to use the financial services of our competitors instead of us.

Changes in business, political and/or economic conditions could have an adverse effect on the Company. Our future results could be adversely affected by changes in business, political and economic conditions, including the cost and availability of insurance, due to the threat of future terrorist activity in the U.S. and other parts of the world and related U.S. military action overseas.

Employee misconduct is difficult to detect and prevent and may have an adverse effect on our businesses. In recent years, there have been a number of highly publicized cases involving fraud or other misconduct by employees in the financial services industry, and we run the risk that employee misconduct could occur. It is not always possible to deter or prevent employee misconduct and the precautions we take to prevent and detect this activity may not be effective in all cases.

The inability to hire and retain qualified employees may adversely affect our business. Our performance is largely dependent on the talents and efforts of highly skilled individuals. There is intense competition in the financial services industry for qualified employees. In addition, we face increasing competition with businesses outside the financial services industry, such as hedge funds, private equity funds and venture capital funds, for the most highly skilled individuals. Our business could be adversely affected if we are unable to attract new employees and retain and motivate our existing employees.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None

*   *   *   *   *

Certain statements contained in this discussion including (without limitation) certain matters discussed under “Legal Proceedings” in Part I, Item 3 of this report, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” incorporated by reference in Part II, Item 7 of this report, and “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” incorporated by reference in Part II, Item 7A of this report are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements concerning management’s expectations, strategic objectives, business prospects, anticipated economic performance and financial condition and other similar matters are subject to risks and uncertainties, including those described in the prior paragraph, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of the document in which they are made. The Company disclaims any obligation or undertaking to provide any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement to reflect any change in the Company’s expectations or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which the forward-looking statement is based.

 

Item 2. Properties.

The Company’s executive offices and principal administrative offices occupy approximately 1.1 million square feet at 383 Madison Avenue, New York, New York under an operating lease arrangement.

The lease arrangement expires on August 13, 2010. At the end of the lease, the Company may request a lease renewal. In the event the lease renewal cannot be negotiated, the Company has the right to purchase the building for the amount of the then outstanding indebtedness of the lessor or to arrange for the sale of the property with the proceeds of the sale being used to satisfy the lessor’s debt obligation.

The Company leases approximately 291,000 square feet of office space at One MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, New York, through 2024 for its securities processing, accounting and clearance operations. The Company also leases approximately 3,000, 13,000, 59,000, 61,000 and 97,000 square feet of space at five locations in New York City expiring in 2010, 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2020, respectively. The Company’s offices in Atlanta, Bellevue, Boca Raton, Boston, Chicago, Clayton, Dallas, Denver, El Paso, Houston, Irving, King of Prussia, Lewisville, Los Angeles, Palm Beach, Palo Alto, Philadelphia, Princeton, San Francisco, San Juan, Scottsdale and Tampa occupy an aggregate of approximately 775,000 square feet, while its eleven international offices occupy a total of approximately 195,000 square feet under leases expiring on various dates through the year 2016.

 

 

 

 

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The Company owns approximately 65 acres of land in Whippany, New Jersey, including four buildings comprising an aggregate of approximately 673,000 square feet. The Company is currently using the facilities on the property to house its data processing facility and other operations, disaster recovery, compliance, personnel and accounting functions. Approximately 141,000 square feet in one of the buildings is being leased to an unaffiliated third party under a 15-year operating lease expiring in 2019.

Item 3.

Legal Proceedings.

In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries are named as defendants in various legal actions, including arbitrations, class actions and other litigation. Such actions include those arising out of the Company’s or a subsidiary’s activities as a broker and dealer, as an underwriter, investment banker, employer or arising out of alleged employee misconduct. Certain of the legal actions include claims for substantial compensatory and/or punitive damages or claims for indeterminate amounts of damages. The Company is also involved in other reviews, investigations and proceedings by governmental and self-regulatory organizations regarding the Company’s business. Certain of the foregoing could result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties or other relief.

Because litigation is inherently unpredictable, particularly in cases where claimants seek substantial or indeterminate damages or where investigations and proceedings are in the early stages, the Company cannot predict with certainty the loss or range of loss related to such matters, how such matters will be resolved, when they will be ultimately resolved, or what the eventual settlement, fine, penalty or other relief might be. Consequently, the Company cannot estimate losses or ranges of losses for matters where there is only a reasonable possibility that a loss may have been incurred. Although the ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be ascertained at this time, it is the opinion of management, that the resolution of the following matters will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition of the Company, taken as a whole; such resolution may, however, have a material effect on the operating results in any future period, depending on the level of income for such period.

The Company has provided reserves for such matters in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies”. The ultimate resolution may differ materially from the amounts reserved.

Fezanni, et al. v. Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc., et al.: On February 2, 1999, an action was commenced in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York by eleven individuals or entities that allegedly purchased securities underwritten by A.R. Baron & Company, Inc. (“Baron”), a firm for which BSSC provided clearing services. The action named as defendants Bear Stearns, BSSC, a former officer of BSSC, thirteen former officers and employees of Baron, and 33 other individuals and entities that purportedly participated in alleged misconduct by Baron involving attempts to manipulate the market for securities it underwrote. On April 6, 2004, the district court granted motions to dismiss all causes of action that plaintiffs brought against Bear Stearns, BSSC, and the former officer of BSSC.

On or about September 23, 2004, the plaintiffs filed an amended complaint against Bear Stearns, BSSC, a former officer of BSSC and other individuals and entities, alleging that they participated in misconduct by Baron involving attempts to manipulate the market for certain securities underwritten by Baron.  As a result of plaintiffs’ failure to seek the district court’s leave prior to filing their amended complaint, the court subsequently mandated plaintiffs to formally move the court for permission to file an amended complaint. On March 1, 2005, the court granted in part and denied in part plaintiffs’ motion seeking permission to file an amended complaint. Plaintiffs’ amended complaint, which contains many of the same allegations as the original complaint, alleges that the Bear Stearns defendants violated Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, committed common law fraud, aided and abetted fraud, and were part of a civil conspiracy to defraud in connection with providing clearing services and financing to Baron.  The amended complaint seeks to recover compensatory damages of at least $8.3 million and punitive damages of $125 million from Bear Stearns and BSSC.

 

 

 

 

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Bear Stearns and BSSC deny all allegations of wrongdoing asserted against them in the amended complaint and believe that they have substantial defenses to these claims.

McKesson HBOC, Inc.: The following matters arise out of a merger between McKesson Corporation (“McKesson”) and HBO & Company (“HBOC”) resulting in an entity called McKesson HBOC, Inc. (“McKesson HBOC”). Bear Stearns believes that it has substantial defenses to the claims in each of these matters.

(i) In re McKesson HBOC, Inc. Securities Litigation: Beginning on June 29, 1999, 53 purported class actions were commenced in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. These actions were subsequently consolidated, and the plaintiffs proceeded to file a series of amended complaints. On February 15, 2002, plaintiffs filed a third amended consolidated complaint, which alleges that Bear Stearns violated Sections 10(b) and 14(a) of the Exchange Act in connection with allegedly false and misleading disclosures contained in a joint proxy statement/prospectus that was issued with respect to the McKesson/HBOC merger.

Plaintiffs purport to represent a class consisting of all persons who either (i) acquired publicly traded securities of HBOC between January 20, 1997 and January 12, 1999, or (ii) acquired publicly traded securities of McKesson or McKesson HBOC between October 18, 1998 and April 27, 1999, and who held McKesson securities on November 27, 1998 and January 22, 1999. Named defendants include McKesson HBOC, certain present and former directors and/or officers of McKesson HBOC, McKesson and/or HBOC, Bear Stearns and Arthur Andersen LLP. Compensatory damages in an unspecified amount are sought.

On January 6, 2003, the court granted Bear Stearns’ motion to dismiss the Section 10(b) claim asserted in the third amended complaint, and denied Bear Stearns’ motion to dismiss the Section 14(a) claim. On March 7, 2003, Bear Stearns filed an answer to the third amended complaint denying all allegations of wrongdoing and asserting affirmative defenses to the claims in the complaint. On January 12, 2005, McKesson HBOC announced that it had reached a settlement with the plaintiff class, which settlement required court approval. Bear Stearns’ engagement letter with McKesson in connection with the merger of McKesson and HBOC provides that McKesson cannot settle any litigation without Bear Stearns’ written consent unless McKesson obtains an unconditional written release for Bear Stearns and, under certain circumstances, is required to provide indemnification to Bear Stearns.

By Order dated May 23, 2005, the Court denied preliminary approval of the proposed settlement between McKesson HBOC and the plaintiff class. On July 12, 2005, the plaintiff and McKesson HBOC submitted a revised proposed settlement, purporting to address the issues identified by the Court in its order denying preliminary approval, to which Bear Stearns objected. The revised proposed settlement provides, among other things, that Bear Stearns’ rights under its engagement letter are preserved for future resolution. McKesson HBOC’s claims in connection with the letter are also preserved. On September 8, 2005, the court granted preliminary approval of the revised proposed settlement. A hearing at which the court will consider objections to final approval of the settlement is scheduled for February, 24, 2006. Bear Stearns has objected to final approval on the ground that consummation of the settlement may deprive Bear Stearns of certain rights and remedies provided for in its engagement letter.

On December 8, 2005, Bear Stearns commenced a separate action in New York State Supreme Court, New York County, Bear Stearns v. McKesson Corp., asserting breach of contract and other claims against McKesson based on the engagement letter and seeking, among other things, declaratory relief and damages.

(ii) Merrill Lynch Fundamental Growth Fund, Inc., et al. v. McKesson HBOC, Inc., et al.: On or around March 19, 2002, an action was commenced against, among others, Bear Stearns in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of San Francisco, by two investment funds that acquired the common stock of McKesson HBOC between February 5 and March 12, 1999. On August 8, 2002, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint and thereafter a second and third amended complaint that did not name Bear Stearns as a defendant. On October 7, 2002, this action was consolidated with other litigation arising out of the merger between McKesson and HBOC.

 

 

 

 

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On September 26, 2003, the court granted plaintiffs’ motion for leave to file a fourth amended complaint adding Bear Stearns as a defendant. Also named as defendants are McKesson HBOC, HBOC, certain present or former officers and/or directors of McKesson, HBOC and/or McKesson HBOC and Arthur Andersen. The complaint alleges, among other things, that Bear Stearns violated Section 25500 of the California Corporations Code and committed common law fraud and negligent misrepresentation in connection with allegedly false and misleading disclosure contained in a joint proxy statement/prospectus that was issued with respect to the McKesson/HBOC merger. Compensatory damages in an unspecified amount were sought. Bear Stearns filed an answer to the fourth amended complaint in which it denied all allegations of wrongdoing and asserted affirmative defenses to the claims in the complaint.

On October 28, 2005, the Merrill Lynch Fundamental Growth Fund’s claims were dismissed with respect to Bear Stearns with prejudice. Bear Stearns did not make any payments in connection with the dismissal of the claims against it.

Helen Gredd, Chapter 11 Trustee for Manhattan Investment Fund Ltd. v. Bear, Stearns Securities Corp.: On April 24, 2001, an action was commenced in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York by the Chapter 11 Trustee for Manhattan Investment Fund Limited (“MIFL”). BSSC is the sole defendant. The complaint alleges, among other things, that certain transfers of cash and securities to BSSC in connection with short sales of securities by MIFL in 1999 were “fraudulent transfers” made in violation of Sections 548 and 550 of the United States Bankruptcy Code and are recoverable by the Trustee. The Trustee also alleges that any claim that may be asserted by BSSC against MIFL should be equitably subordinated to the claims of other creditors pursuant to Sections 105 and 510 of the Bankruptcy Code. The Trustee seeks to recover in excess of $1.9 billion in connection with the allegedly fraudulent transfers to BSSC.

On March 21, 2002, the district court dismissed the trustee’s claims seeking to recover allegedly fraudulent transfers in amounts exceeding $1.9 billion. The district court also remanded to the bankruptcy court the trustee’s remaining claims, which seek to recover allegedly fraudulent transfers in the amount of $141.4 million and to equitably subordinate any claim that may be asserted by BSSC against MIFL to the claims of other creditors.

On October 17, 2002, BSSC filed an answer to the complaint in which it denied all allegations of wrongdoing and asserted affirmative defenses.

Sterling Foster & Co., Inc.: The following matters arise out of Bear Stearns’ role as clearing broker for Sterling Foster & Co., Inc. (“Sterling Foster”).

(i) Levitt, et al. v. Bear Stearns, et al.: On February 16, 1999, a purported class action was commenced in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York on behalf of all persons who purchased ML Direct, Inc. common stock or warrants through Sterling Foster & Co., Inc. (“Sterling Foster”) between September 4, 1996 and December 31, 1996. Named as defendants are Bear Stearns and BSSC. The complaint alleges, among other things, that the defendants violated Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder and committed common law fraud in connection with providing clearing services to Sterling Foster with respect to certain transactions by customers of Sterling Foster in ML Direct common stock and warrants. Compensatory damages of $50 million and punitive damages of approximately $100 million are sought.

On April 6, 1999, this action was transferred by the Judicial Panel on Multi-District Litigation to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York.

On June 27, 2002, the court granted defendants’ motion and dismissed this action in its entirety. On August 1, 2002, plaintiff filed a notice of appeal from the district court order dismissing the complaint in this action. On August 13, 2003, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed the district court order granting defendants’ motion to dismiss and remanded the action to the district court.

 

 

 

 

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Bear Stearns and BSSC have denied all allegations of wrongdoing asserted against them in this litigation, and believe that they have substantial defenses to these claims.

(ii) Rogers v. Sterling Foster & Co., Inc.: On February 16, 1999, Bear Stearns, BSSC and an officer of BSSC were added as defendants in a purported class action pending in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York. The action is brought on behalf of a purported class consisting of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired certain securities that were underwritten by Sterling Foster. Named as defendants, in addition to the Bear Stearns defendants set forth above, are Sterling Foster, seven individuals alleged to have had an employment relationship with, or exercised control over, Sterling Foster, six companies that issued securities underwritten by Sterling Foster, eight individuals who were directors, officers and/or employees of these issuers, and Bernstein & Wasserman LLP and two of its partners. The second amended complaint alleged, among other things, that the Bear Stearns defendants violated Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder and Section 349 of the New York General Business Law and committed common law fraud in connection with providing clearing services to Sterling Foster. Compensatory damages in an unspecified amount were sought. On June 27, 2002, the court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss and dismissed the claims against Bear Stearns, BSSC, and the former officer of BSSC in their entirety.

On September 29, 2004, the court granted plaintiffs’ motion to vacate the June 27, 2002 dismissal and granted plaintiffs’ request to amend their complaint against Bear Stearns and BSSC with respect to two securities underwritten by Sterling Foster.

Bear Stearns and BSSC deny all allegations of wrongdoing asserted against them in this litigation and believe they have substantial defenses to the claims.

Enron Corp.: The following matters arise out of Bear Stearns’ business transactions with or relating to Enron Corp. (“Enron”).

(i) Purported Securities Actions: Bear Stearns and numerous other defendants had been named in certain actions commenced beginning on October 15, 2002 in the Superior Court of the State of California, state court in Iowa and the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas brought by purchasers of securities issued by Osprey Trust, Osprey I, Inc., Enron and certain other entities related to Enron. The complaints generally alleged violations of the disclosure requirements of the federal securities laws and/or state law and common law claims, including fraud, and sought compensatory and/or punitive damages in unspecified amounts.

The parties to the actions pending in the Superior Court of the State of California and state court in Iowa, including Bear Stearns, have reached agreements to settle these actions and have jointly filed stipulations of dismissal for the settled actions with the respective California and Iowa state courts.

Bear Stearns denies all allegations of wrongdoing asserted against it in the litigation pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas and believes it has substantial defenses to these claims.

 

 

 

 

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(ii) Enron Corp., et ano. v. Bear, Stearns International Ltd., et ano.: On November 25, 2003, BSIL and BSSC were named as defendants in an adversary proceeding commenced by Enron and Enron North America Corp. in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. Plaintiffs seek, inter alia, to recover payments, totaling approximately $26 million that were allegedly made to BSIL and BSSC during August 2001 in connection with an equity derivative contract between BSIL and Enron. According to the complaint, Enron’s payments constituted (a) fraudulent transfers, under Section 548(a) of the United States Bankruptcy Code and under applicable state law and (b) an unlawful redemption of Enron common stock in violation of Oregon law. Enron seeks judgment (a) avoiding and setting aside Enron’s August 2001 payments to BSIL and BSSC, (b) directing BSIL and BSSC to pay Enron approximately $26 million, plus prejudgment interest, (c) declaring that Enron’s August 2001 payments violated Oregon law, (d) disallowing any claims by BSIL and BSSC in connection with Enron’s bankruptcy proceedings until they have returned the August 2001 payments to Enron and (e) awarding Enron its reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs incurred in connection with the action.

By Order dated June 3, 2005, the bankruptcy court denied the motion to dismiss filed by BSIL and BSSC. On July 5, 2005, defendants filed a motion for leave to take an interlocutory appeal from the bankruptcy court’s decision.

(iii) Enron Corp. v. International Finance Corp., et al.: On November 20, 2003, numerous parties, including Bear Stearns, were named as defendants in an adversary proceeding commenced by Enron in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaint asserts, inter alia, that certain alleged payments by Enron during May 2001 in connection with the purchase from certain defendants of notes issued by ENA CLO I Trust, including a payment to Bear Stearns of approximately $34 million, constituted fraudulent transfers in violation of Section 548(a)(1)(B) of the United States Bankruptcy Code. As to Bear Stearns, Enron seeks an order (a) directing Bear Stearns to pay Enron approximately $34 million, plus prejudgment interest, (b) disallowing any claims by Bear Stearns in connection with Enron’s bankruptcy proceedings until Bear Stearns has paid that amount to Enron and (c) awarding Enron its reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs incurred in connection with the proceeding.

(iv) Enron Corp., et al. v. Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc., et al.: Bear Stearns has been named as a defendant in two adversary proceedings commenced by Enron in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaints in these actions seek equitable subordination and disallowance under the Bankruptcy Code of certain debt claims against Enron in the amount of $19 million that were purchased by Bear Stearns from third parties subsequent to Enron’s filing for bankruptcy.

Bear Stearns denies all allegations of wrongdoing asserted against it in these litigations and believes that it has substantial defenses to these claims.

IPO Allocation Securities and Antitrust Litigations

The Company, along with many other financial services firms, has been named as a defendant in many putative class actions filed during 2001 and 2002 in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York involving the allocation of securities in certain initial public offerings (“IPOs”). The complaints in these purported class actions generally allege, among other things, that between 1998 and 2000: (i) the underwriters of certain “hot” IPOs of technology and internet-related companies obtained excessive compensation by allocating shares in these IPOs to preferred customers who, in return, purportedly agreed to pay additional compensation to the underwriters, and the underwriters failed to disclose this additional compensation and/or (ii) the underwriters’ customers, in return for a favorable allocation of these securities, agreed to purchase additional shares in the aftermarket at pre-arranged prices or to pay additional compensation in connection with other transactions.

 

 

 

 

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Beginning on April 19, 2002, the plaintiffs in these litigations filed amended complaints by virtue of which the public offerings of each of the 309 issuers are now the subjects of separate complaints. Bear Stearns is a defendant in 95 of these amended complaints. As amended, the complaints allege, among other things, that the underwriters, including Bear Stearns, violated Section 11 of the Securities Act and Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, based on the wrongdoing alleged in the original complaints and by causing their securities analysts to issue unwarranted positive reports regarding the issuers. Compensatory damages in unspecified amounts are sought.

By order dated October 13, 2004, the court granted in part and denied in part class certification for each of the six cases selected to be the focus cases for these proceedings.

By opinion and order dated February 15, 2005, the Court preliminarily approved the proposed settlement among plaintiffs and a substantial number of the non-bankrupt issuer defendants and their officers and directors. The settlement generally provided that (1) the insurers of these issuers will guarantee an ultimate recover by plaintiffs, in this and related litigations, of $1 billion; (2) these issuers will assign to plaintiffs so-called “excess compensation” claims against the underwriter defendants, including Bear Stearns, that these issuers allegedly possess; and (3) plaintiffs will, upon final approval of the settlement, dismiss all claims against these issuers and the individual director and officer defendants.  That preliminary approval, however, was conditioned upon certain changes being made to the terms of the settlement.

In January 2002, the Company was named as a defendant, along with nine other financial services firms, in an antitrust complaint filed in the same court on behalf of a putative class of purchasers who, either in IPOs or the aftermarket, purchased technology-related securities during the period March 1997 to December 2000. Plaintiffs allege that the defendants conspired to require that customers, in return for an allocation in the IPOs, (i) pay charges in addition to the IPO price, such as non-competitively determined commissions on the purchase or sale of other securities and/or (ii) agree to purchase the IPO securities in the aftermarket at prices above the IPO price. Plaintiffs claim that these alleged practices violated Section 1 of the Sherman Act and state antitrust laws and seek compensatory and treble damages. On November 6, 2003, the Court granted the motion of the defendants (including the Company) to dismiss all claims asserted against them by these antitrust plaintiffs. The plaintiffs appealed that decision to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals. On September 28, 2005, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals vacated the dismissal and remanded this matter to the lower court for further proceedings.

The Company denies all allegations of wrongdoing asserted against it in these litigations and believes that it has substantial defenses to these claims.

IPO Underwriting Fee Antitrust Litigation: Bear Stearns, along with numerous other financial services firms, is a defendant in several consolidated class actions currently pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The first consolidated action, filed on March 15, 2001, purports to be brought on behalf of a putative class of purchasers of stock in initial public offerings (the “Purchaser Action”). The second consolidated action, filed on July 6, 2001, purports to be brought on behalf of a putative class of issuers of stock in initial public offerings (the “Issuer Action”). Each suit alleges that Bear Stearns violated federal antitrust laws by fixing underwriting fees at 7% for initial public offerings with an aggregate issuance value of $20-$80 million for the time period 1994 to the present. The plaintiff in each action seeks injunctive relief and treble damages.

On February 24, 2004, the district court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint in the Purchaser Action in part, dismissing plaintiffs’ claim for treble damages under Section 4 of the Clayton Act. However, the court denied defendants’ motion to dismiss the plaintiffs’ claim for injunctive relief.

On September 16, 2004, plaintiffs in the Purchaser Action and Issuer Action moved for class certification. On October 25, 2005, plaintiffs in both actions moved for partial summary judgment against defendants on liability.

 

 

 

 

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Bear Stearns has denied all allegations of wrongdoing asserted against it in these litigations and believes that it has substantial defenses to these claims.

Mutual Fund Matters: The following matters arise out of mutual fund trading:

(i) Regulatory: Bear Stearns and BSSC have submitted an Offer of Settlement to the SEC and the NYSE to resolve investigations by these agencies relating to mutual fund trading. The settlement offer, which was negotiated with the staffs of the SEC and NYSE and will be recommended by them, is subject to approval by the respective regulators. Terms include a payment of $250 million and retention of independent consultants to review aspects of its mutual fund trading and global clearing operations.

(ii) Litigation: On November 7, 2003, BSSC, the Company and Bear Stearns, together with 18 other entities and individuals, were named as defendants in a purported class action lawsuit, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York by a mutual fund investor on behalf of persons who purchased and/or sold ownership units of mutual fund in the Janus or Putnam families of mutual funds between November 1, 1998 and July 3, 2003. On January 26, 2004, plaintiff filed a first amended complaint, again on behalf of persons who traded in the Janus or Putnam families of mutual funds, against the same Bear Stearns entities and 16 other entities and individuals, including mutual funds and other financial institutions. On October 22, 2003, another purported class action was filed on behalf of the general public of the State of California against multiple defendants, including the Company, with respect to various mutual funds. Both of these actions allege that the defendants violated federal and/or state laws by allowing certain investors to market time and/or late trade mutual fund shares and seek various forms of relief including damages of an indeterminate amount. On March 19, 2004, these actions were transferred to the District of Maryland for coordinated and/or consolidated pre-trial proceedings as part of MDL 1586- In re Mutual Funds Investment Litigation.

On or subsequent to September 29, 2004, fifteen new and/or amended class action or derivative complaints were filed in MDL-1586 naming as defendants the Company, Bear Stearns and/or BSSC (the “Bear Stearns defendants”), various mutual fund companies, certain broker-dealers, and others. Plaintiffs who have brought actions, either directly or derivatively, against one or more of the Bear Stearns defendants are shareholders in the following families of mutual funds: AIM, Invesco, PIMCO/Allianz Dresdner, Excelsior, Alliance, Franklin Templeton, One Group, Strong, Columbia, Pilgrim Baxter, Alger, Janus, RS and MFS. Among other things, the actions allege that the defendants violated federal and/or state laws by allowing certain investors to market time and/or late trade mutual fund shares and seek various forms of relief including damages of an indeterminate amount.

The Bear Stearns defendants, along with other broker-dealer defendants, had filed an omnibus motion to dismiss the consolidated class action and derivative claims against them. On November 3, 2005, the derivative claims against the Bear Stearns defendants were dismissed. As of December 31, 2005, the Bear Stearns defendants’ motion to dismiss has been granted in part and denied in part as to direct investor claims in the following families of mutual funds: Janus, AIM/Invesco, RS, One Group, MFS, Columbia, PIMCO/Allianz Dresdner, Alger, Excelsior and Strong.

The Bear Stearns defendants believe that they have substantial defenses to the remaining claims.

 

 

 

 

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Bear Wagner Specialists LLC (“Bear Wagner”): Bear Wagner, a subsidiary of the Company, is among numerous defendants named in purported class actions brought on behalf of investors beginning in October 2003 in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging violations of the federal securities laws in connection with NYSE floor specialist activities. The actions seek unspecified compensatory damages, restitution, and disgorgement on behalf of purchasers and sellers of unspecified securities between October 17, 1998 and October 15, 2003. Bear Wagner and the Company are also among the defendants in a purported class action filed in December 2003 in California Superior Court, Los Angeles County alleging violation of California law in connection with the same conduct. This case was transferred to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The district court consolidated these purported class actions under the caption In re NYSE Specialists Securities Litigation, No. 03 Civ. 8264 (RWS). On September 15, 2004, a consolidated amended complaint was filed in this action.

Bear Wagner and the Company deny all allegations of wrongdoing in the class action specialist litigations and believe they have substantial defenses to the claims.

In re Prime Hospitality, Inc. Shareholders Litigation: On July 15, 2005, plaintiff shareholders of Prime Hospitality Corporation (“Prime”) filed a consolidated amended class action complaint in the Delaware Chancery Court against the directors of Prime, the Blackstone Group (“Blackstone”) and certain affiliates of Blackstone, and Bear Stearns. As amended, the complaint alleges that Bear Stearns acted as financial advisor to Prime in connection with the sale of Prime to Blackstone, and that Bear Stearns aided and abetted a breach of fiduciary duty by the directors of Prime in connection with that transaction. The amended complaint seeks from defendants compensatory damages in an unspecified amount, as well as various forms of equitable relief, including, but not limited to, rescissory damages, the imposition of a constructive trust and an accounting. On October 3, 2005, Bear Stearns filed its answer to the consolidated amended class action complaint denying all allegations of wrongdoing and asserted affirmative defenses.

Bear Stearns believes that it has substantial defenses to the claims in this matter.

Municipal Bond Offering Matters

Bear Stearns has been notified by the Chicago office of the SEC of a formal investigation into its municipal bond offering practices, which has been focused on the municipal underwriting business conducted through the Chicago office of Bear Stearns. Bear Stearns has also received subpoenas and requests for information relating to its municipal underwriting business and/or public fund asset management business conducted through the Chicago office of Bear Stearns from the United States Attorney’s Office for the Northern District of Illinois; the State of Illinois, Office of Executive Inspector General; the Illinois Securities Department; and the Office of the Attorney General of Illinois.

Bear Stearns is cooperating with each of these investigations or inquiries.

Other Investigations/Inquiries

Bear Stearns has been notified by the Staff of the SEC, Southeast Regional Office, that the Staff intends to recommend that the Commission bring a civil enforcement action against Bear Stearns in connection with Bear Stearns’ involvement in the pricing, valuation and analysis related to approximately $62.9 million of collateralized debt obligations that were purchased by a client of Bear Stearns. Such an action could result in, among other things, disgorgement, civil monetary penalties and/or other remedial sanctions.

The Company is also continuing to respond to subpoenas and other requests for information from regulatory and law enforcement agencies relating to certain collateralized debt obligations.

 

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.

 

None.

 

 

 

 

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Executive Officers of the Company

The following table sets forth certain information as of January 31, 2006 concerning executive officers of the Company.

Name
Age as of
January 31,
2006

Principal Occupation

James E. Cayne

71

Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and Bear Stearns and member of the Executive Committee of the Company (the “Executive Committee”)

Jeffrey M. Farber

41

Controller of the Company and Bear Stearns

Alan C. Greenberg

78

Chairman of the Executive Committee

Michael Minikes

62

Treasurer of the Company and Bear Stearns

Samuel L. Molinaro Jr.

48

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company and Bear Stearns and member of the Executive Committee

Alan D. Schwartz

55

President and Co-Chief Operating Officer of the Company and Bear Stearns and member of the Executive Committee

Michael S. Solender

41

General Counsel of the Company and Bear Stearns

Warren J. Spector

48

President and Co-Chief Operating Officer of the Company and Bear Stearns and member of the Executive Committee

 

 

 

 

 

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Business experience for the past five years is provided in accordance with SEC rules.

Mr. Cayne became Chairman of the Board on June 25, 2001. Mr. Cayne has been Chief Executive Officer of the Company and Bear Stearns for more than five years and prior to June 25, 2001, was President of the Company and Bear Stearns.

Mr. Farber has been Controller of the Company and Bear Stearns since January 7, 2004. Mr. Farber was Assistant Controller of the Company from May 2000 to January 7, 2004 and since May 1, 2000 a Senior Managing Director of Bear Stearns. Prior to May 2000, Mr. Farber was a partner with Deloitte & Touche LLP.

Mr. Greenberg has been Chairman of the Executive Committee for more than five years and prior to June 25, 2001, was Chairman of the Board of the Company.

Mr. Minikes has been Treasurer of the Company and Bear Stearns for more than five years.

Mr. Molinaro became Executive Vice President of the Company and Bear Stearns on December 1, 2001, and has been Chief Financial Officer of the Company and Bear Stearns since October 1996.

Mr. Schwartz became President and Co-Chief Operating Officer of the Company and Bear Stearns and a member of the Executive Committee on June 25, 2001, and was an Executive Vice President of Bear Stearns for more than five years.

Mr. Solender became General Counsel of the Company and Bear Stearns on January 29, 2004. Since February 11, 2002, Mr. Solender has been a Senior Managing Director in the Legal Department of Bear Stearns. Mr. Solender was a partner at the law firm of Arnold & Porter LLP from January 1997 to January 2000 and from November 2001 to February 2002, and was General Counsel of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission from January 2000 to November 2001.

Mr. Spector became President and Co-Chief Operating Officer of the Company and Bear Stearns and a member of the Executive Committee on June 25, 2001, and was an Executive Vice President of Bear Stearns for more than five years.

Officers serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors.

 

 

 

 

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

The information relating to the market for registrant’s common equity required to be furnished pursuant to this item is set forth under the caption “Price Range of Common Stock and Dividends” in the Annual Report, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit No. 13 of this report.

The following table provides information as of November 30, 2005 with respect to the shares of common stock repurchased by the Company during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2005:

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities


Period   (a) Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased
(b)
Average Price
Paid per Share
(c) Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced Plans
or Programs (1)
(d) Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased Under
the Plans or Programs (1)
                             
  9/1/05 - 9/30/05       51,965   $103.34     51,965   $753,231,207  
                             
10/1/05 - 10/31/05                 $753,231,207  
                             
11/1/05 - 11/30/05       3,359,964   $106.67     3,359,964   $394,815,266  


                             
          Total       3,411,929   $106.62     3,411,929        



(1) On January 5, 2005, the Board of Directors of the Company approved an amendment to the Stock Repurchase Program (“Repurchase Program”) to replenish the previous authorization to allow the Company to purchase up to $1.0 billion of common stock in fiscal 2005 and beyond, of which approximately $338.8 million was available to be purchased as of November 30, 2005. On December 12, 2005, the Board of Directors of the Company approved an amendment to the Repurchase Program to replenish the previous authorization to allow the Company to purchase up to $1.5 billion of common stock in fiscal 2006 and beyond. On November 30, 2004, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company approved an amendment to the CAP Plan Earnings Purchase Authorization to replenish the previous authorization to allow the Company to purchase up to $200 million of common stock in fiscal 2005, of which approximately $56 million was available as of November 30, 2005. On December 9, 2005, the Compensation Committee of the Company approved an amendment to the CAP Plan Earnings Purchase Authorization to replenish the previous authorization to allow the Company to purchase up to $200 million of common stock in fiscal 2006. The repurchase programs have no set expiration or termination date.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data.

The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item is set forth under the caption “Financial Highlights” in the Annual Report, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit No. 13 of this report.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item is set forth under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Annual Report, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit No. 13 of this report.

 

 

 

 

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item is set forth under the caption “Risk Management” in the Annual Report, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit No. 13 of this report.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item is contained in the Consolidated Financial Statements together with the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, all of which are included in the Annual Report. Such information is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit No. 13 of this report.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this annual report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective as of the end of the period covered by this annual report.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item is set forth under the captions “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” and “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Annual Report, which is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit No. 13 of this report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

As required by Rule 13a-15(d) under the Exchange Act, the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the Company’s internal control over financial reporting to determine whether any changes occurred during the fourth fiscal quarter covered by this annual report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Based on that evaluation, there has been no such change during the fourth fiscal quarter covered by this annual report.

 

 

 

 

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Item 9B. Other Information

The following disclosures would otherwise have been filed on Form 8-K under the heading “Item 1.01. Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement”:

On February 8, 2006, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved a revision to the definition of employees eligible to participate in the Capital Accumulation Plan for Senior Managing Directors (the “CAP Plan”). The current CAP Plan document describes eligible employees as Senior Managing Directors employed by Bear Stearns. Subject to approval of stockholders of an amendment to the CAP Plan at the 2006 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the definition of eligible employee will be amended to include any individual employed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries and affiliates as a Senior Managing Director or equivalent title, as determined by the Management and Compensation Committee or, in the case of a director or officer of the Company who is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Compensation Committee.

On February 8, 2006, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved the performance objectives for fiscal 2006 that will be used to determine both cash and non-cash bonus awards under the Performance Compensation Plan. For fiscal 2006, the Company will use performance goals related to return on equity to determine an overall bonus pool for members of the Executive Committee of Bear Stearns. The size of the bonus pool will vary based on the level of return on equity with a minimum bonus of zero if the Company does not reach the first target and a maximum bonus of $165,000,000 if the Company exceeds the upper range of the targets. In addition, the Compensation Committee named the five participants (the Chief Executive Officer, the Co-Presidents, the Chief Financial Officer and the Chairman of the Executive Committee) in this bonus pool and their respective share of the bonus pool for fiscal 2006. No individual may have a share that exceeds 30% of the total pool.

In addition, the Compensation Committee also established the performance goals for a second bonus pool for an additional eight participants, which included all other executive officers of the Company and certain other select employees. The performance goals for this bonus pool will be based on a combination of targets based on pre-tax return on equity, departmental income and expense controls. The maximum amount allocable to this bonus pool may not exceed $140,000,000 and no individual may be allocated more than 30% of this pool.

Under the terms of the Performance Compensation Plan, the Compensation Committee will review the ultimate performance of the Company and each of the participants in the Performance Compensation Plan at the end of fiscal 2006 in order to determine both the cash and non-cash bonus awards payable under the plan. While the amounts ultimately awarded to participants may not exceed the size of the respective bonus pools, the Compensation Committee may exercise negative discretion and reduce the amounts due to the participants below those amounts calculated in determining the bonus pools. The Compensation Committee has exercised this discretion each of the last four years.

 

 

 

 

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PART III

Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant.

The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item with respect to Directors of the Company will be set forth under the caption “Election of Directors” in the registrant’s proxy statement (the “Proxy Statement”) to be furnished to stockholders in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Company’s Board of Directors for use at the 2006 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on April 11, 2006, and is incorporated herein by reference, and the information with respect to Executive Officers is set forth, pursuant to General Instruction G of Form 10-K, under Part I of this Report.

The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item with respect to compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act will be set forth under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Proxy Statement, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item will be set forth under the caption “Executive Compensation” in the Proxy Statement, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item will be set forth under the captions “Voting Securities,” “Security Ownership of Directors and Executive Officers” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in the Proxy Statement, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.

The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item will be set forth under the caption “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” in the Proxy Statement, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

The information required to be furnished pursuant to this item will be set forth under the caption “Fees Paid to Independent Auditors” in the Proxy Statement, and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

 

 

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PART   IV

 

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

 

(a) List of Financial Statements, Financial Statement Schedules and Exhibits:

 

Financial Statements:

 

The financial statements required to be filed hereunder are listed on page F-1 hereof.

 

Financial Statement Schedules:

 

The financial statement schedules required to be filed hereunder are listed on page F-1 hereof.

 

Exhibits :

 

(3)(a)(1) Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (4)(a)(1) to the registrant’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-57083)).

(3)(a)(2) Certificate of Amendment of Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a)(2) to the registrant’s registration statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-92357)).

(3)(a)(3) Certificate of Stock Designation relating to the registrant’s 6.15% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.4 to the registrant’s registration statement on Form 8-A filed on January 14, 1998).

(3)(a)(4) Certificate of Stock Designation relating to the registrant’s 5.72% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series F (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.4 to the registrant’s registration statement on Form 8-A filed on April 20, 1998).

(3)(a)(5) Certificate of Stock Designation relating to the registrant’s 5.49% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series G (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.4 to the registrant’s registration statement on Form 8-A filed on June 18, 1998).

(3)(a)(6) Certificate of Elimination of the Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A; Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, Series B; Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, Series C; and Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, Series D of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(d)(9) to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 15, 2002).

(3)(a)(7) Certificate of Elimination of the 7.88% Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, Series B of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(d)(10) to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 15, 2002).

(3)(a)(8) Certificate of Elimination of the 7.60% Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, Series C of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(d)(11) to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 15, 2002).

(3)(a)(9) Certificate of Elimination of the Adjustable Rate Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series A of the registrant (incorporated by reference to the registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Form S-8 (File No. 33-108976).

(3)(b) Amended and Restated By-laws of the registrant as amended through January 8, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(d)(6) to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 15, 2002).

(4)(a) Indenture, dated as of May 31, 1991, between the registrant and JPMorgan Chase Bank (formerly, The Chase Manhattan Bank), as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (4)(a) to registrant’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 33-40933)).

(4)(b) Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 29, 1998, between the registrant and JPMorgan Chase Bank (formerly, The Chase Manhattan Bank), as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a)(2) to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on February 2, 1998).

(4)(c)(1) Supplemental Note Issuance Agreement, dated November 18, 2004, among Bear Stearns Global Asset Holdings, Ltd., The Bear Stearns Companies Inc., as Guarantor, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Agent, Registrar, Transfer Agent and Exchange Agent, Kredietbank S.A. Luxembourgeoise, as Paying Agent and Bear, Stearns International Limited and Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc., as Dealers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(c)(1) to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on November 23, 2004).

 

 

 

 

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(4)(c)(2) Supplemental Note Issuance Agreement, dated November 18, 2003, among Bear Stearns Global Asset Holdings, Ltd., The Bear Stearns Companies Inc., as Guarantor, JPMorgan Chase Bank, as Agent, Registrar, Transfer Agent and Exchange Agent, Kredietbank S.A. Luxembourgeoise, as Paying Agent and Bear, Stearns International Limited and Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc., as Dealers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(c)(2) to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on November 23, 2004).

(4)(c)(3) Amended and Restated Note Issuance Agreement, dated June 28, 2002, among Bear Stearns Global Asset Holdings, Ltd., The Bear Stearns Companies Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, as Agent, Registrar, Transfer Agent and Exchange Agent, Kredietbank S.A. Luxembourgeoise, as Paying Agent and Bear, Stearns International Limited and Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc., as Dealers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(c)(3) to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on November 23, 2004).

(4)(c)(4) Deed of Covenant, dated June 28, 2002, made by Bear Stearns Global Asset Holdings, Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(c)(4) to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on November 23, 2004).

(4)(c)(5) Deed of Guarantee, dated June 29, 2001, made by The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(c)(5) to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on November 23, 2004).

(4)(c)(6) Except as set forth in (4)(a), (4)(b) and (4)(c)(1) - (4)(c)(5) above, the instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt securities of the registrant and its subsidiaries are omitted pursuant to Section (b)(4)(iii) of Item 601 of Regulation S-K. Registrant hereby agrees to furnish copies of these instruments to the SEC upon request.

(4)(d) Form of Deposit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (4)(d) to the registrant’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 33-59140)).

(4)(e) Warrant Agreement, dated July 9, 2003, between the registrant and JPMorgan Chase Bank, as warrant agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1(a) to the registrant’s registration statement on Form 8-A filed on July 17, 2003).

(10)(a)(1) Capital Accumulation Plan for Senior Managing Directors, as amended and restated as of October 28, 1999 and further amended as of March 31, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (10)(a)(1) to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its fiscal quarter ended May 31, 2004).*

(10)(a)(2) Capital Accumulation Plan for Senior Managing Directors, as amended and restated November 29, 2000 for Plan Years beginning on or after July 1, 1999 and further amended as of March 31, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(2) to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its fiscal quarter ended May 31, 2004).*

(10)(a)(3) Performance Compensation Plan, as amended and restated as of February 9, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Item 9B. Other Information to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for its fiscal year ended November 30, 2004).*

(10)(a)(4) Stock Award Plan, as amended and restated as of March 31, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(3) to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its fiscal quarter ended May 31, 2004).*

(10)(a)(5) Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option and Stock Unit Plan, amended and restated as of January 8, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(1) to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its fiscal quarter ended August 31, 2002).*

(10)(a)(6) Restricted Stock Unit Plan, as amended and restated as of March 31, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(4) to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its fiscal quarter ended May 31, 2004).*

(10)(a)(7) The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. AE Investment and Deferred Compensation Plan, effective January 1, 1989 (the “AE Investment and Deferred Compensation Plan”) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(14) to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for its fiscal year ended June 30, 1996).*

(10)(a)(8) Amendment to the AE Investment and Deferred Compensation Plan, adopted April 29, 1996 and effective as of January 1, 1995 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a)(15) to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for its fiscal year ended June 30, 1996).*

 

 

 

 

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(10)(a)(9) Form of Forward Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 6, 2005, between The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. and a number of CAP Plan participants (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for its fiscal quarter ended August 31, 2005).*

(10)(a)(10) Form of Agreement evidencing a grant of CAP Units to Executive Officers under the Capital Accumulation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 4, 2005).*

(10)(a)(11) Form of Agreement evidencing a grant of Nonqualified Stock Options (subject to vesting) to Executive Officers under the Stock Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 4, 2005).*

(10)(a)(12) Form of Agreement evidencing a grant of Nonqualified Stock Options (immediately exercisable) to Executive Officers under the Stock Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on January 4, 2005).*

(10)(b)(1) Lease, dated as of November 1, 1991, between Forest City Jay Street Associates and The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. with respect to the premises located at One MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, New York (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (10)(b)(1) to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for its fiscal year ended June 30, 1992).

(10)(b)(2) First Amendment to Lease, dated December 20, 1999, between Forest City Jay Street Associates, L.P. and The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. with respect to the premises located at One MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, New York (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (10)(b)(2) to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for its fiscal year ended November 30, 2001).

(10)(b)(3) Second Amendment to Lease, dated April 23, 2003, between Forest City Jay Street Associates, L.P. and The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. with respect to the premises located at One MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, New York (incorporated by reference to Exhibit (10)(b)(3) to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for its fiscal year ended November 30, 2003).

(11) Statement regarding: computation of per share earnings. (The calculation of per share earnings is in Part II, Item 8, Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Earnings Per Share) and is omitted here in accordance with Section (b)(11) of Item 601 of Regulation S-K).

(12)    + Statement regarding: computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges and combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends.

(13)    + 2005 Annual Report to Stockholders (only those portions expressly incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed filed with the Commission).

(14) Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.

(21)    + Subsidiaries of the registrant.

(23)    + Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP.

(31.1) + Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

(31.2) + Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

(32.1) + Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

(32.2) + Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

* Executive Compensation Plans and Arrangements

+ Filed herewith.

 

 

 

 

- 38 -

 



 

 

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on the 13th day of February 2006.

THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.
(Registrant)

 

By: /s/ SAMUEL L. MOLINARO JR.  
———————————————
 
                Samuel L. Molinaro Jr.
                Executive Vice President and
                Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on the 13th day of February 2006.

NAME

TITLE

/s/ ALAN C. GREENBERG
———————————————
Alan C. Greenberg

 

Chairman of the Executive Committee and Director

/s/ JAMES E. CAYNE
———————————————
James E. Cayne

 

 

Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Director

/s/ HENRY S. BIENEN
———————————————
Henry S. Bienen

 

Director

/s/ CARL D. GLICKMAN
———————————————
Carl D. Glickman

 

Director

/s/ DONALD J. HARRINGTON
———————————————
Donald J. Harrington

 

Director

/s/ FRANK T. NICKELL
———————————————
Frank T. Nickell

 

Director

/s/ PAUL A. NOVELLY
———————————————
Paul A. Novelly

 

Director

/s/ FREDERIC V. SALERNO
———————————————
Frederic V. Salerno

 

 

 

 

Director

 

 

 

 

 

- 39 -

 



 

 

 

/s/ ALAN D. SCHWARTZ
———————————————
Alan D. Schwartz

 

 

President, Co-Chief Operating Officer and

Director

/s/ WARREN J. SPECTOR
———————————————
Warren J. Spector

 

 

President, Co-Chief Operating Officer and

Director

/s/ VINCENT TESE
———————————————
Vincent Tese

Director

/s/ WESLEY S. WILLIAMS JR.
———————————————
Wesley S. Williams Jr.

Director

/s/ SAMUEL L. MOLINARO JR.
———————————————
Samuel L. Molinaro Jr.

 

 

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

/s/ JEFFREY M. FARBER
———————————————
Jeffrey M. Farber

 

Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- 40 -

 



 

 

THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

ITEMS 15(a)(1) AND 15(a)(2)

 

Page Reference

Financial Statements

Form
10-K

Annual
Report*

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

74

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

75-76

The Bear Stearns Companies Inc.

 

 

 

(i)       Consolidated Statements of Income—fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and               2003

 

 

77

 

(ii)      Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at November 30, 2005 and 2004

 

78

(iii)     Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004               and 2003

 


79

 

(iv)     Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity—fiscal years ended
              November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003

 


80-81

 

 

(v)      Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

82-114

Financial Statement Schedules

 

 

           Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

F-2

 

I          Condensed Financial Information of Registrant

F-3 - F-6

 

 

 

 

*         Incorporated by reference from the indicated pages of the 2005 Annual Report to Stockholders.

All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the requested information is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

 

F-1

 



 

 


 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

The Bear Stearns Companies Inc.

 

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of November 30, 2005 and 2004, and for each of the three years in the period ended November 30, 2005, management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2005, and the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2005, and have issued our reports thereon dated February 10, 2006; such consolidated financial statements and reports are included in your 2005 Annual Report to Stockholders and are incorporated herein by reference. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule (Schedule I) of the The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. (Parent Company Only), listed in Item 15. This consolidated financial statement schedule is the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion based on our audits. In our opinion, such consolidated financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.

 

The Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” as amended by SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation–Transition and Disclosure, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 123,” in the fiscal year ended November 30, 2003.

 

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

New York , New York

February 10, 2006

 

 

 

F-2

 



 

 

SCHEDULE I

CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT

THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.

(PARENT COMPANY ONLY)

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(in thousands)

 

 

Fiscal Years Ended November 30, 2005
  2004
  2003
 
                       
REVENUES                      
Interest     $ 1,232,924   $ 487,089   $ 418,744  
Other       247,816     379,829     229,091  



        1,480,740     866,918     647,835  



EXPENSES                      
Interest       1,581,883     648,041     625,911  
Other       133,482     104,050     144,119  



        1,715,365     752,091     770,030  



(Loss) income before benefit from income taxes                      
    and equity in earnings of subsidiaries       (234,625 )   114,827     (122,195 )
Benefit from income taxes       96,272     3,226     1,085  



(Loss) income before equity in earnings of                      
    subsidiaries       (138,353 )   118,053     (121,110 )
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries, net of tax       1,600,530     1,226,680     1,277,516  



Net income     $ 1,462,177   $ 1,344,733   $ 1,156,406  




See Notes to Condensed Financial Information.

 

 

 

F-3

 



 

 

SCHEDULE I

CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT

THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.

(PARENT COMPANY ONLY)

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(in thousands, except share data)

 

 

As of November 30, 2005
2004
                 
ASSETS                
Cash and cash equivalents     $ 2,154,047   $ 137  
Securities purchased under agreements to resell       174,105     272,934  
Receivables from subsidiaries       44,471,375     33,159,032  
Subordinated loans receivable from subsidiaries       10,185,562     8,716,500  
Investments in subsidiaries, at equity       7,191,657     6,011,652  
Assets of variable interest entities       748,506      
Other assets       2,865,713     5,217,580  


Total Assets     $ 67,790,965   $ 53,377,835  


                 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY                
Short-term borrowings     $ 9,569,754   $ 5,045,280  
Payables to subsidiaries       5,006,475     3,730,848  
Liabilities of variable interest entities       221,638      
Other liabilities and accrued expenses       1,232,027     938,552  


        16,029,894     9,714,680  


Commitments and contingencies (Note 1)               
Long-term borrowings       40,707,139     34,409,783  
Long-term borrowings from subsidiaries       262,500     262,500  
                 
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY                
Preferred stock       372,326     448,148  
Common stock, $1.00 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized as of                
    November 30, 2005 and 2004; 184,805,848 shares issued as of                
    November 30, 2005 and 2004       184,806     184,806  
Paid-in capital       4,109,166     3,548,379  
Retained earnings       7,492,951     6,176,871  
Employee stock compensation plans       2,600,186     2,666,879  
Unearned compensation       (143,302 )   (158,662 )
Treasury stock, at cost:                
    Common stock: 70,937,640 and 81,018,928 shares as of November 30,                
       2005 and 2004, respectively       (3,824,701 )   (3,875,549 )


Total Stockholders’ Equity       10,791,432     8,990,872  


Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity     $ 67,790,965   $ 53,377,835  



See Notes to Condensed Financial Information.

 

 

 

F-4

 



 

 

SCHEDULE I

CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT

THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.

(PARENT COMPANY ONLY)

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

 

 

Fiscal Years Ended November 30, 2005
2004
2003
                       
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES                      
Net income     $ 1,462,177   $ 1,344,733   $ 1,156,406  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided                      
    by operating activities:                      
        Employee stock compensation plans       801,216     763,162     729,406  
        Equity in earnings of subsidiaries, net of dividends                      
            received       (814,001 )   861,100     (253,424 )
        Other       9,923     8,598     10,467  
Decreases (increases) in assets:                      
    Securities purchased under agreements to resell       98,829     (58,949 )   (119,972 )
    Other assets       (33,891 )   (1,909,965 )   (453,097 )
Increases (decreases) in liabilities:                      
    Payables to subsidiaries       1,275,627     1,020,824     831,041  
    Other liabilities and accrued expenses       714,737     (245,269 )   636,948  



Cash provided by operating activities       3,514,617     1,784,234     2,537,775  



                       
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES                      
Short-term borrowings, net       4,524,474     (340,037 )   (3,440,654 )
Proceeds from issuance of long-term borrowings       14,111,584     10,809,645     10,719,849  
Decrease in long-term borrowings from                      
    subsidiaries           (300,000 )    
Issuance of common stock       201,851     235,812     78,004  
Redemption of preferred stock       (75,822 )   (89,037 )   (27,659 )
Payments for:                      
    Retirement of long-term borrowings       (5,966,503 )   (6,223,054 )   (5,789,579 )
    Treasury stock purchases       (869,629 )   (780,827 )   (986,193 )
Cash dividends paid       (139,253 )   (116,791 )   (104,964 )



Cash provided by financing activities       11,786,702     3,195,711     448,804  



                       
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES                      
Receivables from subsidiaries       (11,312,343 )   (2,057,686 )   (2,009,171 )
Subordinated loans receivable from subsidiaries       (1,469,062 )   (2,388,687 )   (1,038,335 )
Investments in subsidiaries, net       (366,004 )   (583,391 )   110,883  



Cash used in investing activities       (13,147,409 )   (5,029,764 )   (2,936,623 )



Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents       2,153,910     (49,819 )   49,956  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of fiscal year       137     49,956      



Cash and cash equivalents, end of fiscal year     $ 2,154,047   $ 137   $ 49,956  




See Notes to Condensed Financial Information.

 

 

 

F-5

 



 

 

SCHEDULE I

CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT

THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.

(PARENT COMPANY ONLY)

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

1.

General

The condensed financial information of the Company (Parent Company Only) should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements of The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. and subsidiaries and the Notes thereto in The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. 2005 Annual Report to Stockholders (the “Annual Report”) incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.

The condensed unconsolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America which require management to make certain estimates and assumptions, including those regarding inventory valuations, stock compensation, certain accrued liabilities and the potential outcome of litigation and tax matters, which may affect the amounts reported in the condensed unconsolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

Investments in wholly owned or other subsidiaries are accounted for using the equity method.

For information on the following, refer to the indicated Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements within the Annual Report.

 

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Note 1)

 

Long-Term Borrowings (Note 9)

 

 

Preferred Stock (Note 10 – refer to section entitled “Preferred Stock Issued by The Bear Stearns Companies Inc.”)

 

Employee Benefit Plan (Note 12)

 

Stock Compensation Plans (Note 13)

 

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 17)

The Company engages in derivatives activities in order to modify the interest rate characteristics of its long and short-term debt. See “Non-Trading Derivatives Activity” section of Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Annual Report.

2.

Statement of Cash Flows

Income taxes paid (consolidated) totaled approximately $156.2 million, $525.5 million and $503.3 million for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Cash payments for interest approximated interest expense for each of the periods presented.

3.

Transactions with Subsidiaries

The Company received from its consolidated subsidiaries dividends of approximately $787 million, $2,088 million and $1,024 million for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

The Company has transactions with its subsidiaries determined on an agreed-upon basis. The Company also guarantees certain unsecured lines of credit and certain other obligations of subsidiaries, including obligations associated with foreign exchange forward contracts and interest rate swap transactions. Additionally, the Company guarantees certain obligations related to Guaranteed Preferred Beneficial Interests in Company Subordinated Debt Securities issued by subsidiaries.

The Company also issues guarantees of counterparty obligations to subsidiaries in connection with certain activities of such subsidiaries.

 

 

F-6

 

 

 

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Exhibit 12

THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.
COMPUTATION OF RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES AND TO COMBINED FIXED CHARGES AND PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS
(In thousands, except for ratio)

Fiscal Year
Ended
November 30,
2005

Fiscal Year
Ended
November 30,
2004

Fiscal Year
Ended
November 30,
2003

Fiscal Year
Ended
November 30,
2002

Fiscal Year
Ended
November 30,
2001

                           
Earnings before taxes                                  
   on income     $ 2,207,059   $ 2,022,154   $ 1,772,269   $ 1,310,963   $ 934,444
                                 
Add: Fixed Charges                                
          Interest       4,141,653     1,609,019   $ 1,400,953     1,762,580     3,793,998
          Interest factor                                
            in rents       44,723     37,143   $ 36,038     37,735     33,500





                                 
   Total fixed charges       4,186,376     1,646,162     1,436,991     1,800,315     3,827,498





                                 
Earnings before fixed                                
   charges and taxes on                                
   income     $ 6,393,435   $ 3,668,316   $ 3,209,260   $ 3,111,278   $ 4,761,942





                                 
Preferred stock dividend requirements       36,711     42,214     48,084     53,142     59,074
                                 
Total combined fixed charges and preferred stock
   dividends
    $ 4,223,087   $ 1,688,376   $ 1,485,075   $ 1,853,457   $ 3,886,572





                                 
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges       1.5     2.2     2.2     1.7     1.2





                                 
Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and                                
   preferred stock dividends       1.5     2.2     2.2     1.7     1.2






EX-13 4 d66710_ex13.htm 2005 ANNUAL REPORT TO STOCKHOLDERS

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FISCAL YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 30,

 

2005

 

2004

 

2003

 

2002

 

2001

 













(in thousands, except
common share data, financial
ratios and other data)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


















RESULTS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


















Revenues, net of interest expense

 

$

7,410,794

 

$

6,812,883

 

$

5,994,491

 

$

5,128,236

 

$

4,907,035

 

Employee compensation and benefits

 

 

3,553,216

 

 

3,253,862

 

 

2,880,695

 

 

2,508,197

 

 

2,528,852

 

Non-compensation expenses

 

 

1,650,519

 

 

1,536,867

 

 

1,341,527

 

 

1,309,076

 

 

1,443,739

 

Total expenses

 

 

5,203,735

 

 

4,790,729

 

 

4,222,222

 

 

3,817,273

 

 

3,972,591

 

Net income

 

$

1,462,177

 

$

1,344,733

 

$

1,156,406

 

$

878,345

 

$

618,692

 

Net income applicable to common shares

 

$

1,437,856

 

$

1,316,661

 

$

1,125,031

 

$

842,739

 

$

579,579

 


















FINANCIAL POSITION

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


















Total assets

 

$

292,635,233

 

$

255,949,894

 

$

212,168,110

 

$

184,854,423

 

$

185,530,228

 

Long-term borrowings

 

$

43,489,616

 

$

36,843,277

 

$

29,430,465

 

$

23,681,399

 

$

23,429,054

 

Guaranteed Preferred Beneficial Interests in Company Subordinated Debt Securities(1)  

 

$

 

$

 

$

562,500

 

$

562,500

 

$

762,500

 

Stockholders’ equity

 

$

10,791,432

 

$

8,990,872

 

$

7,470,088

 

$

6,382,083

 

$

5,628,527

 


















COMMON SHARE DATA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


















Basic earnings per share

 

$

11.42

 

$

10.88

 

$

9.44

 

$

7.00

 

$

4.49

 

Diluted earnings per share

 

$

10.31

 

$

9.76

 

$

8.52

 

$

6.47

 

$

4.27

 

Cash dividends declared per common share

 

$

1.00

 

$

0.85

 

$

0.74

 

$

0.62

 

$

0.60

 

Book value per common share

 

$

71.08

 

$

59.13

 

$

48.69

 

$

39.94

 

$

33.84

 

Common shares outstanding(2)

 

 

146,431,767

 

 

144,484,099

 

 

142,369,836

 

 

145,591,496

 

 

146,465,210

 


















FINANCIAL RATIOS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


















Return on average common equity

 

 

16.5

%

 

19.1

%

 

20.2

%

 

18.1

%

 

13.7

%

Profit margin(3)

 

 

29.8

%

 

29.7

%

 

29.6

%

 

25.6

%

 

19.0

%


















OTHER DATA (in billions, except employees)

 

 

 


















Assets under management (in billions)

 

$

41.9

 

$

37.8

 

$

29.2

 

$

24.0

 

$

24.2

 

Average value-at-risk (in millions)

 

$

20.5

 

$

15.8

 

$

15.8

 

$

16.5

 

$

15.0

 

Employees

 

 

11,843

 

 

10,961

 

 

10,532

 

 

10,574

 

 

10,452

 


 

 

(1)

In accordance with FIN No. 46 (R) the Company has deconsolidated Bear Stearns Capital Trust III effective beginning with the quarter ended February 29, 2004. As a result, the Debentures issued by the Company to Bear Stearns Capital Trust III are included within long-term borrowings. The $262.5 million of Preferred Securities issued by Capital Trust III is still outstanding, providing the funding for such Debentures. The Preferred Securities issued by Capital Trust III are no longer included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. As of November 30, 2003 and 2002, Guaranteed Preferred Beneficial Interests in Company Subordinated Debt Securities consists of $300 million of Preferred Securities issued by Bear Stearns Capital Trust II and $262.5 million of Preferred Securities issued by Bear Stearns Capital Trust III. As of November 30, 2001, Guaranteed Preferred Beneficial Interests in Company Subordinated Debt Securities consists of $200 million of Capital Securities issued by Bear Stearns Capital Trust I, $300 million of Preferred Securities issued by Bear Stearns Capital Trust II and $262.5 million of Preferred Securities issued by Bear Stearns Capital Trust III.

 

 

(2)

Common shares outstanding include units issued under certain stock compensation plans, which will be distributed as shares of common stock.

 

 

(3)

Represents the ratio of income before provision for income taxes to revenues, net of interest expense.




Financial Report

Table of Contents

 

 

 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

Introduction

32

Certain Factors Affecting Results of Operations

32

Forward-Looking Statements

33

Executive Overview

33

Results of Operations

35

Liquidity and Capital Resources

44

Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements

56

Derivative Financial Instruments

57

Critical Accounting Policies

58

Accounting and Reporting Developments

61

Specialist Activities

62

Effects of Inflation

62

 

Risk Management

 

Overall

63

Market Risk

64

Credit Risk

69

Operational Risk

72

Legal Risk

72

Other Risks

73

 

 

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

74

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

75

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

76

 

 

Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Consolidated Statements of Income

77

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

78

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

79

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

80

 

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Note 1

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

82

Note 2

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

87

Note 3

Financial Instruments

88

Note 4

Derivatives and Hedging Activities

88

Note 5

Transfers of Financial Assets and Liabilities

90

Note 6

Variable Interest Entities and Mortgage Loan Special Purpose Entities

93

Note 7

Collateralized Financing Arrangements

94

Note 8

Short-Term Borrowings

95

Note 9

Long-Term Borrowings

95

Note 10

Preferred Stock

97

Note 11

Earnings Per Share

98

Note 12

Employee Benefit Plan

98

Note 13

Stock Compensation Plans

98

Note 14

Customer Activities

102

Note 15

Income Taxes

103

Note 16

Regulatory Requirements

105

Note 17

Commitments and Contingencies

106

Note 18

Guarantees

108

Note 19

Segment and Geographic Area Data

110

Note 20

Majority-Owned Joint Venture

113

Note 21

Quarterly Information (Unaudited)

114

 

 

 

Corporate Information

 

Price Range of Common Stock and Dividends

115




THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

INTRODUCTION

The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. (the “Company”) is a holding company that through its broker-dealer and international bank subsidiaries, principally Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. (“Bear Stearns”), Bear, Stearns Securities Corp. (“BSSC”), Bear, Stearns International Limited (“BSIL”) and Bear Stearns Bank plc (“BSB”), is a leading investment banking, securities and derivatives trading, clearance and brokerage firm serving corporations, governments, institutional and individual investors worldwide. BSSC, a subsidiary of Bear Stearns, provides professional and correspondent clearing services in addition to clearing and settling customer transactions and certain proprietary transactions of the Company. The Company also conducts significant activities through other wholly owned subsidiaries, including: Bear Stearns Global Lending Limited; Custodial Trust Company; Bear Stearns Financial Products Inc.; Bear Stearns Capital Markets Inc.; Bear Stearns Credit Products Inc.; Bear Stearns Forex Inc.; EMC Mortgage Corporation; and Bear Stearns Commercial Mortgage, Inc. The Company is primarily engaged in business as a securities broker-dealer operating in three principal segments: Capital Markets, Global Clearing Services and Wealth Management. As used in this report, the “Company” refers (unless the context requires otherwise) to The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. and its subsidiaries. Unless specifically noted otherwise, all references to fiscal 2005, 2004 and 2003 refer to the twelve months ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

CERTAIN FACTORS AFFECTING RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The Company’s principal business activities—investment banking, securities and derivatives sales and trading, clearance, brokerage and asset management—are, by their nature, highly competitive and subject to various risks, including volatile trading markets and fluctuations in the volume of market activity. Consequently, the Company’s net income and revenues have been, and are likely to continue to be, subject to wide fluctuations, reflecting the effect of many factors, including general economic conditions, securities market conditions, the level and volatility of interest rates and equity prices, competitive conditions, liquidity of global markets, international and regional political conditions, regulatory and legislative developments, monetary and fiscal policy, investor sentiment, availability and cost of capital, technological changes and events, outcome of legal proceedings, changes in currency values, inflation, credit ratings and the size, volume and timing of transactions.

These and other factors can affect the Company’s volume of new securities issuances, mergers and acquisitions and business restructurings; the stability and liquidity of securities and futures markets; and ability of issuers, other securities firms and counterparties to perform on their obligations. A decrease in the volume of new securities issuances, mergers and acquisitions or restructurings generally results in lower revenues from investment banking and, to a lesser extent, reduced principal transactions. A reduced volume of securities and futures transactions and reduced market liquidity generally results in lower revenues from principal transactions and commissions. Lower price levels for securities may result in a reduced volume of transactions, and may also result in losses from declines in the market value of securities held in proprietary trading and underwriting accounts. In periods of reduced sales and trading or investment banking activity, profitability may be adversely affected because certain expenses remain relatively fixed. The Company’s securities trading, derivatives, arbitrage, market-making, specialist, leveraged lending, leveraged buyout and underwriting activities are conducted on a principal basis and expose the Company to significant risk of loss. Such risks include market, counterparty credit and liquidity risks. For a discussion of how the Company seeks to manage risks, see the “Risk Management” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” sections in this report.

Substantial legal liability or a significant regulatory action against the Company could have a material adverse effect or cause significant reputational harm to the Company, which in turn could seriously harm the Company’s business prospects. Firms in the financial services industry have been operating in a difficult regulatory environment. The Company faces significant legal risks in its businesses, and the volume of claims and amount of damages and penalties claimed in litigation and regulatory proceedings against financial institutions have been increasing.

32



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements contained in this discussion are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements concerning management’s expectations, strategic objectives, business prospects, anticipated economic performance and financial condition and other similar matters are subject to risks and uncertainties, including those described in the preceding paragraph, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of the document in which they are made. We disclaim any obligation or undertaking to provide any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement to reflect any change in our expectations or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which the forward-looking statement is based.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Summary of Results

A generally favorable operating environment characterized by an expanding US economy and active equity and fixed income markets provided a healthy climate for the Company’s businesses during fiscal 2005. Revenues, net of interest expense (“net revenues”), for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005 increased 8.8% to $7.41 billion from $6.81 billion for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2004, while pre-tax earnings increased 9.1% during the same period. The pre-tax profit margin for fiscal 2005 increased slightly to 29.8%, compared with 29.7% for fiscal 2004. Return on average common equity was 16.5% for fiscal 2005, compared with 19.1% for fiscal 2004.

Capital Markets net revenues increased 5.8% to $5.64 billion for fiscal 2005, compared with $5.33 billion for fiscal 2004. Within the Capital Markets segment, institutional equities net revenues increased 31.5% to $1.41 billion for fiscal 2005 from $1.07 billion for fiscal 2004. Domestic and international equity sales and trading net revenues and equity derivatives net revenues increased in fiscal 2005, benefiting from improved market conditions and higher trading volumes. Risk arbitrage revenues also increased on higher announced mergers and acquisitions (“M&A”) volumes. Fixed income net revenues increased 2.0% to $3.25 billion for fiscal 2005 from $3.19 billion for fiscal 2004. Revenues derived from the Company’s credit product businesses, particularly the credit derivatives, leveraged finance and distressed debt areas, reached record levels. The interest rate product businesses also produced strong results, reflecting market share gains along with increased customer volumes attributable to increased interest rate volatility. The Company’s foreign exchange business, in particular, reached record levels during fiscal 2005. Mortgage-backed securities revenues, while still strong, declined modestly from the robust results achieved in fiscal 2004. Investment banking revenues decreased 8.6% to $980.5 million for fiscal 2005 from $1.07 billion for fiscal 2004, primarily reflecting a decrease in merchant banking revenues, partially offset by an increase in underwriting revenues.

Global Clearing Services net revenues increased 14.5% to $1.07 billion for fiscal 2005 from $932.4 million for fiscal 2004. An increase in average customer margin and short sale balances, reflecting improved US equity markets, contributed to an increase in net interest revenues, partially offsetting a decline in commission revenues.

Wealth Management net revenues increased 8.4% to $678.8 million in fiscal 2005 from $626.3 million in fiscal 2004, reflecting increased net interest revenues associated with higher margin balances and growth in fee-based assets in the Company’s private client services (“PCS”) business. Asset management revenues also increased during fiscal 2005, reflecting increased performance fees on proprietary hedge fund products and increased management fees on higher levels of traditional assets under management.

Business Environment

Fiscal 2005

The business environment during the Company’s fiscal year ended November 30, 2005 was generally favorable due to a combination of factors, including an expanding US economy, improved corporate profitability and low inflation.

33



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

Favorable labor reports and an active housing market provided ongoing support to economic activity in fiscal 2005. The unemployment rate dropped to 4.9% in August 2005, its lowest level since August 2001 and ended fiscal 2005 at 5.0%. However, rising energy prices continued to be a cause for concern throughout fiscal 2005, as the price of oil increased from a low of approximately $41 a barrel in December 2004 to a high of approximately $70 a barrel by the end of August 2005, affected by hurricane-related supply disruptions. Rising energy costs reinforced concerns by investors that the US economy would slow in the second half of fiscal 2005. However, the US economy remained resilient. A number of positive economic reports during the second half of fiscal 2005 and a pullback in oil prices to $57 a barrel in November fueled a year-end rally in the equity markets. The Federal Reserve Board (the “Fed”) met eight times during fiscal 2005 and raised the federal funds rate each time, in 25 basis point increments, from 2.00% to 4.00%, supported by gains in productivity, a pickup in job growth and rising consumer confidence.

Each of the major US equity indices increased during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005. The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index (“S&P 500”), the Dow Jones Industrial Average (“DJIA”) and the Nasdaq Composite Index (“NASDAQ”) increased 6.4%, 3.6% and 6.5%, respectively. Average daily trading volume on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and the Nasdaq increased 9.4% and 3.9%, respectively, compared with fiscal 2004. Industry-wide US-announced M&A volumes increased 52% while industry-wide US-completed M&A volumes increased 8%, compared with fiscal 2004. Total equity issuances including initial public offerings (“IPOs”) volumes declined 11% and 14%, respectively, compared with the levels reached during fiscal 2004.

Fixed income markets continued to be robust in fiscal 2005 despite a more challenging environment associated with higher short-term interest rates and a flattening yield curve. Long-term rates, as measured by the 10-year Treasury bond, remained relatively stable during fiscal 2005. At the close of fiscal 2005, the 10-year Treasury bond yield was 4.50%, compared with 4.36% on November 30, 2004. Mortgage-backed securities underwriting volumes continued to benefit from favorable market conditions. Agency collateralized mortgage obligation (“CMO”) volumes declined industry-wide from the levels reached during fiscal 2004, but were offset by an increase in non-agency mortgage-backed originations. The mortgage purchase index increased approximately 5%, compared with fiscal 2004, as continued low long-term interest rates fueled a strong home purchasing market.

Fiscal 2004

The business environment during the Company’s fiscal year ended November 30, 2004 was favorable due to a combination of factors, including a strengthening US economy, improved corporate profitability, low interest rates and low inflation. The US economy continued its expansion in fiscal 2004. Gross Domestic Product grew approximately 4%, the unemployment rate fell to 5.4% and inflation, despite a rise in oil prices from just under $30 a barrel in January to over $55 a barrel in October, remained below 3%. Strong consumer spending and low mortgage rates continued to fuel the economy during the first half of fiscal 2004. However, mixed economic indicators, including uneven job growth, raised concerns about the sustainability of an economic recovery. The Fed met four times during the first half of fiscal 2004 and each time left the federal funds rate unchanged at 1.00%. During the second half of the fiscal year, the Fed raised the federal funds rate four times, beginning with its June meeting, in 25 basis point increments, from 1.00% to 2.00%, citing the expectation that the US economy was poised to resume a stronger pace of economic expansion. The rate increases were consistent with the Fed’s position of taking a “measured” approach to monetary policy. While the increase in interest rates, along with weaker-than-expected job growth, surging oil prices and the uncertain presidential election were causes for concern during the latter half of fiscal 2004, the equity markets performed well, lifted by strong corporate profits and an increase in investor confidence. In addition, a sharp decline in oil prices from the high of $55 a barrel in late October to $46 a barrel by the end of November fueled a year-end rally in the major equity indices.

The major equity indices all increased during the fiscal year ended November 30, 2004. The S&P 500, the DJIA and the NASDAQ increased 10.9%, 6.6% and 7.0%, respectively. Average daily trading volume on the NYSE and the Nasdaq increased 3.4% and 7.7%, respectively, compared with fiscal 2003. Improved equity market conditions served

34



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

to increase the volume of US IPOs and secondary offerings by 307% and 28%, respectively, during fiscal 2004 compared with fiscal 2003, and the rise in equity valuations and strengthening cash positions enabled companies to consider strategic acquisitions. Industry-wide US-announced and completed M&A volumes increased 30% and 72%, respectively, compared with fiscal 2003.

Fixed income markets continued to be robust in fiscal 2004, benefiting from continued improvement in corporate credit spreads and low interest rates. Investment grade and high yield origination volumes rose as issuers continued to take advantage of low borrowing rates. Long-term rates, as measured by the 10-year Treasury bond, experienced volatility during the year, but remained at historically low levels. On an intra-day basis, the 10-year Treasury bond yield climbed from a low of 3.65% to a high of 4.90% during fiscal 2004 and closed at 4.36% on November 30, 2004, compared with 4.32% on November 30, 2003. Mortgage-backed securities underwriting volumes continued to benefit from favorable market conditions despite the drop in residential mortgage refinancings. Agency CMO volumes declined during fiscal 2004, reflecting the decline in refinancing volumes but were offset by an increase in asset-backed and non-agency mortgage-backed originations. The mortgage purchase index increased approximately 11% during fiscal 2004, reflecting the low level of interest rates and strong home purchasing market.

Results of Operations

Firmwide Results

The following table sets forth an overview of the Company’s financial results for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



















 

(in thousands, except per share amounts, pre-tax profit margin and return on average common equity)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

      % Increase

 

 

2005

 

2004

 

2003

 

2005/2004

 

2004/2003

 



















 

Revenues, net of interest expense

 

 

$

7,410,794

 

 

$

6,812,883

 

$

5,994,491

 

 

8.8

%

 

13.7

%

Income before provision for income tax

 

$

2,207,059

 

$

2,022,154

 

$

1,772,269

 

 

9.1

%

 

14.1

%

Net income

 

$

1,462,177

 

$

1,344,733

 

$

1,156,406

 

 

8.7

%

 

16.3

%

Diluted earnings per share

 

$

10.31

 

$

9.76

 

$

8.52

 

 

5.6

%

 

14.6

%

Pre-tax profit margin

 

 

29.8

%

 

29.7

%

 

29.6

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

Return on average common equity

 

 

16.5

%

 

19.1

%

 

20.2

%

 

 

 

 

 

 



















 

The Company reported net income of $1.46 billion, or $10.31 per share (diluted), for fiscal 2005, which represented an increase of 8.7% from $1.34 billion, and 5.6% from $9.76 per share (diluted), for fiscal 2004. The Company reported net income of $1.16 billion for fiscal 2003, or $8.52 per share (diluted).

Fiscal 2005 versus Fiscal 2004 Net revenues increased 8.8% to $7.41 billion in fiscal 2005 from $6.81 billion in fiscal 2004 due to increases in all revenue categories, including net interest revenues, principal transactions revenues, commission revenues, investment banking revenues and asset management and other revenues.

35



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

The Company’s commission revenues by reporting category for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003 were as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



















 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

      % Increase (Decrease)

 

 

 

2005

 

2004

 

2003

 

2005/2004

 

2004/2003

 














 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 














 

Institutional

 

 

$

673,712

 

 

$

619,241

 

$

537,505

 

 

8.8

%

 

15.2

%

Clearance

 

 

260,889

 

 

303,194

 

 

312,550

 

 

(14.0

%)

 

(3.0

%)

Retail & other

 

 

265,853

 

 

255,639

 

 

227,871

 

 

4.0

%

 

12.2

%



















 

Total commissions

 

 

$

1,200,454

 

 

$

1,178,074

 

$

1,077,926

 

 

1.9

%

 

9.3

%



















 

Commission revenues in fiscal 2005 increased 1.9% to $1.20 billion from $1.18 billion in fiscal 2004. Institutional commissions increased 8.8% to $673.7 million from $619.2 million in fiscal 2004 due to increased average daily trading volume on the NYSE and market share improvement. Clearance commissions decreased 14.0% to $260.9 million in fiscal 2005 from $303.2 million in fiscal 2004, primarily reflecting lower trading volumes and rates from prime brokerage clients. Retail and other commissions increased 4.0% to $265.9 million in fiscal 2005 from $255.6 million in fiscal 2004 due to an increase in retail customer activity levels resulting from improved equity market conditions, which were driven in part by improved consumer confidence and a strengthened labor market.

The Company’s principal transactions revenues by reporting category for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003 were as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



















 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

      % Increase (Decrease)

 

 

 

2005

 

2004

 

2003

 

2005/2004

 

2004/2003

 



















 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



















 

Fixed income

 

 

$

2,271,084

 

 

$

2,586,772

 

$

2,481,902

 

 

(12.2

%)

 

4.2

%

Equities

 

 

459,185

 

 

376,611

 

 

248,399

 

 

21.9

%

 

51.6

%

Derivative financial instruments

 

 

1,105,748

 

 

632,212

 

 

578,005

 

 

74.9

%

 

9.4

%



















 

Total principal transactions

 

 

$

3,836,017

 

 

$

3,595,595

 

$

3,308,306

 

 

6.7

%

 

8.7

%



















 

Revenues from principal transactions in fiscal 2005 increased 6.7% to $3.84 billion from $3.60 billion in fiscal 2004. Fixed income revenues decreased 12.2% to $2.27 billion for fiscal 2005 from $2.59 billion for fiscal 2004, primarily attributable to a decrease in net revenues in the mortgage-backed securities business, which was partially offset by an increase in net revenues in the Company’s leveraged finance and distressed debt areas. Mortgage-backed securities origination revenues declined from the robust levels of fiscal 2004 due to a flattening yield curve, shifting market conditions and changes in product mix. A decline in agency CMO volumes was offset by an increase in non-agency mortgage originations. Secondary mortgage-backed securities revenues also declined from fiscal 2004 as an increase in hedging costs resulting from more volatile market conditions offset increased customer volumes. The net revenues from leveraged finance increased as acquisition-related financing rose on increased M&A activities and distressed debt revenues increased as credit spreads tightened and customer activity increased. Revenues derived from the Company’s equities activities increased 21.9% to $459.2 million in fiscal 2005 from $376.6 million in fiscal 2004, due primarily to principal gains of $75.6 million associated with the Company’s investment in the International Securities Exchange (“ISE”). In addition, equity revenues from the Company’s international equity sales and trading business increased which benefited from higher average daily trading volumes and increased market share. Revenues from derivative financial instruments increased 74.9% to $1.11 billion in fiscal 2005 from $632.2 million in fiscal 2004 due to across-the-board increases in revenues in the equity, credit and fixed income derivatives areas as a result of increased customer volume.

36



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

The Company’s investment banking revenues by reporting category for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003 were as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 













 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     % Increase (Decrease)

 

 

 

2005

 

2004

 

2003

 

2005/2004

 

2004/2003

 












 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 















 

Underwriting

 

$

470,910

 

$

433,437

 

$

340,360

 

8.6

%

27.3

%

Advisory and other fees

 

 

412,689

 

 

350,727

 

 

331,735

 

17.7

%

5.7

%

Merchant banking

 

 

153,614

 

 

246,887

 

 

181,199

 

(37.8

%)

36.3

%















 

Total investment banking

 

$

1,037,213

 

$

1,031,051

 

$

853,294

 

0.6

%

20.8

%















 

Note: In fiscal 2005, the Company changed the income statement presentation of certain servicing fees and asset-based retail investor advisory fees. All net servicing fees are included in the investment banking line on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Asset-based retail investor advisory fees are included in the asset management and other income line on the Consolidated Statements of Income. These reclassifications were made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year’s presentation.

Investment banking revenues increased slightly to $1.04 billion in fiscal 2005 from $1.03 billion in fiscal 2004. Underwriting revenues increased 8.6% to $470.9 million in fiscal 2005 from $433.4 million in fiscal 2004, primarily resulting from higher levels of equity underwriting revenues reflecting strengthening market conditions and increased new issue activity. Partially offsetting these increases was a decline in high yield underwriting revenues on lower new issue volumes. Advisory and other fees for fiscal 2005 increased 17.7% to $412.7 million from $350.7 million for fiscal 2004 as M&A fees rose resulting from an increase in completed M&A assignments during fiscal 2005. In addition, mortgage servicing revenues increased during fiscal 2005 reflecting significant growth in loan servicing volumes. Merchant banking revenues decreased 37.8% to $153.6 million for fiscal 2005 from $246.9 million for fiscal 2004. Merchant banking revenues include realized and unrealized investment gains and performance fees on managed merchant banking funds. Fiscal 2004 includes merchant banking gains of approximately $163 million related to the Company’s investment in New York & Company, Inc.

Net interest revenues (interest and dividends revenue less interest expense) increased 36.3% to $965.4 million in fiscal 2005 from $708.3 million in fiscal 2004. The increase in net interest revenues was primarily attributable to higher levels of customer interest-bearing balances and improved net interest margins. Average customer margin debt balances increased 21.9% to $58.5 billion in fiscal 2005 from $48.0 billion in fiscal 2004. Average customer short balances increased 10.6% to $84.4 billion in fiscal 2005 from $76.3 billion in fiscal 2004 and average securities borrowed balances decreased 1.6% to $62.8 billion in fiscal 2005 from $63.8 billion in fiscal 2004.

Asset management and other revenues increased 24.0% to $371.7 million for fiscal 2005 from $299.9 million for fiscal 2004, primarily reflecting increased performance fees on proprietary hedge fund products. Management fees also increased during fiscal 2005 on higher levels of traditional assets under management. PCS fees increased as well due to higher levels of fee-based assets.

Fiscal 2004 versus Fiscal 2003 Net revenues increased 13.7% to $6.81 billion in fiscal 2004 from $5.99 billion in fiscal 2003 due to increases in all revenue categories, including investment banking revenues, principal transactions revenues, net interest revenues and commission revenues.

Commission revenues in fiscal 2004 increased 9.3% to $1.18 billion from $1.08 billion in fiscal 2003. Institutional commissions increased 15.2% to $619.2 million from $537.5 million, primarily due to the impact of the consolidation of Bear Wagner Specialists LLC commencing in the first quarter of 2004, as well as increased trading volumes and market share gains in US-listed securities. Clearance commissions decreased 3.0% to $303.2 million from $312.6 million, reflecting lower trading volumes from prime brokerage clients. Retail and other commissions were $255.6

37



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

million in fiscal 2004, up 12.2% compared with $227.9 million in fiscal 2003 due to an increase in retail customer activity levels resulting from improved equity market conditions.

Revenues from principal transactions in fiscal 2004 increased 8.7% to $3.60 billion from $3.31 billion in fiscal 2003. Fixed income revenues increased 4.2% to $2.59 billion from $2.48 billion in fiscal 2003, primarily reflecting increased net revenues achieved in the mortgage-backed securities business, with strong performance across many sectors, particularly in the adjustable-rate mortgage securities, whole loan and commercial securitization businesses. Revenues related to the high yield business, particularly leveraged finance and distressed debt, also increased as high yield credit spreads continued to tighten and customer activity increased. These increases were offset by reduced net revenues from the corporate bonds and government bonds areas, which were adversely affected by reduced volumes. Revenues derived from equities activities increased 51.6% to $376.6 million during fiscal 2004 from $248.4 million in fiscal 2003, primarily due to the impact of the consolidation of Bear Wagner Specialists LLC beginning in the first quarter of 2004. The international equity sales and trading area increased as a result of higher average daily trading volumes. The risk arbitrage area also performed well on increased announced and completed M&A activity. These results were substantially offset by a decrease in the convertible arbitrage area due to lower equity market volatility. Revenues from derivative financial instruments increased 9.4% to $632.2 million in fiscal 2004 from $578.0 million in fiscal 2003, primarily due to significant increases in the fixed income derivatives and foreign exchange areas as a result of increased customer volume. Such increases were partially offset by a decline in the equity derivatives area due to low levels of equity market volatility.

Investment banking revenues increased 20.8% to $1.03 billion in fiscal 2004 from $853.3 million in fiscal 2003. Underwriting revenues increased 27.3% to $433.4 million in fiscal 2004 from $340.4 million in fiscal 2003, reflecting a significant increase in the volume of both equity and high yield new issue activity. These increases were partially offset by reduced municipal underwriting revenues, reflecting the impact of lower issuance levels. Advisory and other fees in fiscal 2004 increased 5.7% to $350.7 million from $331.7 million in fiscal 2003, reflecting increased completed M&A activity. Merchant banking revenues increased 36.3% to $246.9 million in fiscal 2004, compared with $181.2 million in fiscal 2003. Merchant banking revenues include realized and unrealized investment gains and performance fees on managed merchant banking funds. The increase in merchant banking revenues in fiscal 2004 reflects increased realized and unrealized gains on investments and performance fees on the Company’s merchant banking portfolio.

Net interest revenues (interest and dividend revenue less interest expense) increased 27.8% to $708.3 million in fiscal 2004 from $554.4 million for fiscal 2003. The increase in net interest revenues was primarily attributable to higher levels of customer interest-bearing balances, reflecting improved US equity market conditions and improved net financing margins. Average customer margin debt balances increased 19.1% to $48.0 billion in fiscal 2004 from $40.3 billion in fiscal 2003. Average customer short balances increased 18.7% to $76.3 billion in fiscal 2004 from $64.3 billion in fiscal 2003 and average securities borrowed balances increased 20.4% to $63.8 billion in fiscal 2004 from $53.0 billion in fiscal 2003.

Asset management and other revenues increased 49.5% to $299.9 million for fiscal 2004 from $200.5 million for fiscal 2003. This increase was largely due to higher levels of fee income from PCS attributable to higher fee-based assets as well as higher management fees attributable to increased assets under management and improved performance fees on alternative investment products. The increase also includes approximately $22 million of revenues associated with the sale of the Company’s mutual fund business to Dreyfus.

38



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

Non-Interest Expenses

The Company’s non-interest expenses for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003 were as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 













 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     % Increase (Decrease)

 

 

 

2005

 

2004

 

2003

 

2005/2004

 

2004/2003

 












 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

















 

Employee compensation and benefits

 

 $ 

3,553,216

 

$

3,253,862

 

$

2,880,695

 

 

9.2

%

 

13.0

%

Floor brokerage, exchange and clearance fees

 

 

221,553

 

 

230,652

 

 

180,548

 

 

(3.9

%)

 

27.8

%

Communications and technology

 

 

401,673

 

 

369,176

 

 

365,317

 

 

8.8

%

 

1.1

%

Occupancy

 

 

167,825

 

 

141,916

 

 

137,778

 

 

18.3

%

 

3.0

%

Advertising and market development

 

 

126,678

 

 

113,800

 

 

106,506

 

 

11.3

%

 

6.8

%

Professional fees

 

 

229,198

 

 

197,086

 

 

133,304

 

 

16.3

%

 

47.8

%

Other expenses

 

 

503,592

 

 

484,237

 

 

418,074

 

 

4.0

%

 

15.8

%

















 

Total non-interest expenses

 

 $ 

5,203,735

 

$

4,790,729

 

$

4,222,222

 

 

8.6

%

 

13.5

%

















 

Fiscal 2005 versus Fiscal 2004 Employee compensation and benefits includes the cost of salaries and benefits and incentive compensation, including restricted stock and option awards. Employee compensation and benefits increased 9.2% to $3.55 billion for fiscal 2005 from $3.25 billion for fiscal 2004, primarily due to higher discretionary compensation associated with the increase in net revenues. Employee compensation and benefits as a percentage of net revenues was 47.9% for fiscal 2005, compared with 47.8% for fiscal 2004. Full-time employees increased to 11,843 at November 30, 2005 from 10,961 at November 30, 2004.

Non-compensation expenses increased 7.4% to $1.65 billion for fiscal 2005 from $1.54 billion for fiscal 2004. Non-compensation expenses as a percentage of net revenues decreased to 22.3% for fiscal 2005, compared with 22.6% for fiscal 2004. The increase in non-compensation-related costs compared with fiscal 2004 was principally related to increased communications and technology costs, occupancy costs and professional fees. Communications and technology costs increased 8.8% as increased headcount resulted in higher voice and market data-related costs. Occupancy costs increased 18.3% to $167.8 million for fiscal 2005, reflecting additional office space requirements and higher leasing costs associated with the Company’s headquarters building at 383 Madison Avenue in New York City. Professional fees increased 16.3% to $229.2 million in fiscal 2005 from $197.1 million in fiscal 2004 attributable to higher levels of legal fees, temporary help and employment agency fees. Other expenses increased $19.4 million, or 4.0%, in fiscal 2005, principally due to an increase in litigation-related costs. Partially offsetting these increases was a decrease in costs related to the Capital Accumulation Plan for Senior Managing Directors, as amended (“CAP Plan”). CAP Plan-related costs decreased to $144.0 million for fiscal 2005 from $176.0 million in fiscal 2004 due to fewer CAP Plan units outstanding. The Company achieved a pre-tax profit margin of 29.8% for fiscal 2005, up slightly from 29.7% for fiscal 2004.

On December 15, 2005, the Company announced that an offer of settlement had been submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the NYSE to resolve the previously disclosed investigations relating to mutual fund trading. The settlement offer, which was negotiated with the staffs of the SEC and the NYSE and will be recommended by them, is subject to approval by the respective regulators. Terms include a payment of $250 million and retention of independent consultants to review aspects of its mutual fund trading and global clearing operations. At November 30, 2005, the Company was fully reserved for this settlement. In each of fiscal 2005 and 2004, the Company incurred approximately $120 million in professional fees and litigation charges associated with mutual fund trading matters.

The Company’s effective tax rate increased to 33.75% for fiscal 2005, compared with 33.50% for fiscal 2004.

39



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

Fiscal 2004 versus Fiscal 2003 Employee compensation and benefits for fiscal 2004 was $3.25 billion, up 13.0% from $2.88 billion for fiscal 2003, primarily due to higher discretionary compensation associated with the increase in net revenues. Employee compensation and benefits as a percentage of net revenues was 47.8% for fiscal 2004, compared with 48.1% for fiscal 2003. Full-time employees increased to 10,961 at November 30, 2004 from 10,532 at November 30, 2003.

Non-compensation expenses increased 14.6% to $1.54 billion for fiscal 2004 from $1.34 billion for fiscal 2003. Non-compensation expenses as a percentage of net revenues increased slightly to 22.6% for fiscal 2004, compared with 22.4% for fiscal 2003. The increase in non-compensation expenses of 14.6%, when compared with the prior year, primarily reflects the consolidation of Bear Wagner Specialists LLC beginning in the first quarter of 2004. Excluding the impact of the consolidation of Bear Wagner Specialists LLC, non-compensation expenses increased 7.5% to $1.44 billion in the 2004 period, reflecting increases in legal and litigation-related costs (included in other expenses), professional fees and floor brokerage, exchange and clearance fees. CAP Plan-related costs (included in other expenses) were $176.0 million for fiscal 2004, a decrease of 8.8% when compared with $193.0 million in fiscal 2003, reflecting a decline in the aggregate number of CAP units outstanding when compared with fiscal 2003. The Company achieved a pre-tax profit margin of 29.7% for fiscal 2004 versus 29.6% for fiscal 2003.

The Company’s effective tax rate decreased to 33.50% for fiscal 2004, compared with 34.75% for fiscal 2003.

BUSINESS SEGMENTS

The remainder of “Results of Operations” is presented on a business segment basis. The Company’s three business segments—Capital Markets, Global Clearing Services and Wealth Management—are analyzed separately due to the distinct nature of the products they provide and the clients they serve. Certain Capital Markets products are distributed by the Wealth Management and Global Clearing Services distribution networks, with the related revenues of such intersegment services allocated to the respective segments.

The following segment operating results exclude certain unallocated revenues (predominantly interest) as well as certain corporate administrative functions, such as certain legal costs and costs related to the CAP Plan. See Note 19, “Segment and Geographic Area Data,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for complete segment information.

Capital Markets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 













 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

        % Increase (Decrease)

 

 

 

2005

 

2004

 

2003

 

2005/2004

 

2004/2003

 












 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

















 

Net revenues

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Institutional equities

 

$

1,409,603

 

$

1,071,609

 

$

932,567

 

 

31.5

%

 

14.9

%

Fixed income

 

 

3,251,333

 

 

3,186,741

 

 

2,972,192

 

 

2.0

%

 

7.2

%

Investment banking

 

 

980,459

 

 

1,072,770

 

 

914,558

 

 

(8.6

%)

 

17.3

%

















 

Total net revenues

 

$

5,641,395

 

$

5,331,120

 

$

4,819,317

 

 

5.8

%

 

10.6

%

Pre-tax income

 

$

1,969,564

 

$

1,980,513

 

$

1,924,071

 

 

(0.6

%)

 

2.9

%

















 

Note: In fiscal 2005, the Company reclassified certain servicing fees within the Capital Markets segment from investment banking to fixed income. The reclassification was made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year’s presentation.

The Capital Markets segment comprises the institutional equities, fixed income and investment banking areas. The Capital Markets segment operates as a single integrated unit that provides the sales, trading and origination effort for

40



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

various fixed income, equity and advisory products and services. Each of the three businesses work in tandem to deliver these services to institutional and corporate clients.

Institutional equities consists of sales, trading and research in areas such as domestic and international equities, block trading, convertible bonds, over-the-counter equities, equity derivatives, risk and convertible arbitrage and through a majority-owned joint venture, specialist activities on the NYSE, American Stock Exchange (“AMEX”) and ISE. Fixed income includes sales, trading and research provided to institutional clients across a variety of products such as mortgage- and asset-backed securities, corporate and government bonds, municipal bonds, high yield products, foreign exchange and interest rate and credit derivatives. Investment banking provides services in capital raising, strategic advice, mergers and acquisitions and merchant banking. Capital raising encompasses the Company’s underwriting of equity, investment grade, municipal and high yield debt products.

Fiscal 2005 versus Fiscal 2004 Net revenues for Capital Markets increased 5.8% to $5.64 billion for fiscal 2005, compared with $5.33 billion for fiscal 2004. Pre-tax income for Capital Markets decreased slightly to $1.97 billion for fiscal 2005 from $1.98 billion for fiscal 2004. Pre-tax profit margin was 34.9% for fiscal 2005, compared with 37.2% for fiscal 2004.

Institutional equities net revenues for fiscal 2005 increased 31.5% to $1.41 billion from $1.07 billion for fiscal 2004. Net revenues from domestic and international institutional equities activities increased, reflecting higher customer trading volumes. Market share gains in Europe and improved Asian equities results contributed to an increase in net revenues from international equities activities in fiscal 2005. Risk arbitrage revenues increased during fiscal 2005 on higher announced M&A volumes and market share gains. Equity derivatives revenues also increased significantly during fiscal 2005 benefiting from improved market conditions and increased customer activity. Fiscal 2005 also includes principal gains of $63.3 million associated with the Company’s investment in the ISE. Partially offsetting these increases was a decline in net revenues from NYSE specialist activities during fiscal 2005, reflecting lower market volatility.

Fixed income net revenues increased 2.0% to $3.25 billion for fiscal 2005 from $3.19 billion for fiscal 2004, primarily reflecting strong results from the Company’s high yield business, particularly the leveraged finance and distressed debt areas. Credit derivatives net revenues increased during fiscal 2005 on improved customer volumes together with market share gains. In addition, net revenues from the Company’s interest rate business increased significantly on record foreign exchange net revenues. During fiscal 2005, the Company maintained its industry-leading position in underwriting adjustable-rate mortgages and non-conforming fixed-rate mortgages. Mortgage-backed securities revenues declined from the robust levels of fiscal 2004 due to a flattening yield curve, shifting market conditions and changes in product mix. Secondary mortgage-backed securities revenues also declined from fiscal 2004 as an increase in hedging costs resulting from volatile market conditions offset increased customer volumes.

Investment banking revenues decreased 8.6% to $980.5 million for fiscal 2005 from $1.07 billion for fiscal 2004. Underwriting revenues increased 2.4% to $532.0 million for fiscal 2005 from $519.7 million for fiscal 2004. Higher levels of equity underwriting revenues during fiscal 2005 were partially offset by lower levels of high yield underwriting revenues. Advisory and other fees for fiscal 2005 decreased 3.7% to $294.9 million from $306.2 million for fiscal 2004. Merchant banking revenues decreased 37.8% to $153.6 million for fiscal 2005 from $246.9 million for fiscal 2004. Merchant banking revenues include realized and unrealized investment gains and performance fees on managed merchant banking funds. Fiscal 2004 included merchant banking gains related to the Company’s investment in New York & Company, Inc.

Fiscal 2004 versus Fiscal 2003 Net revenues for Capital Markets were $5.33 billion in fiscal 2004, an increase of 10.6% from $4.82 billion in fiscal 2003. Pre-tax income for Capital Markets was $1.98 billion in fiscal 2004, an

41



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

increase of 2.9% from $1.92 billion in fiscal 2003. Pre-tax profit margin was 37.2% in fiscal 2004, compared with 39.9% for fiscal 2003.

Institutional equities net revenues for fiscal 2004 increased 14.9% to $1.07 billion from $932.6 million for fiscal 2003. Included within the Company’s institutional equities revenues for fiscal 2004 are the revenues of Bear Wagner Specialists LLC. These results, which were consolidated beginning with the first quarter of 2004, resulted in an increase in net revenues from specialist activities of approximately $164 million over fiscal 2003. International equity sales and trading net revenues increased, reflecting increased customer activity, offset by declines in the equity derivatives and convertible arbitrage areas due to lower equity market volatility.

Fixed income net revenues increased 7.2% to $3.19 billion for fiscal 2004 from $2.97 billion for fiscal 2003, primarily reflecting strong results from the Company’s mortgage-backed securities and interest rate product areas. In particular, mortgage-backed securities, interest rate derivatives and foreign exchange net revenues increased during fiscal 2004 when compared with the prior year. Despite the decline in overall mortgage origination volume caused by the increase in interest rates for fixed-rate residential 30-year mortgage loans, adjustable-rate mortgage volumes increased significantly as consumers shifted demand to lower interest rate products. During fiscal 2004, the Company’s industry-leading positions in underwriting adjustable-rate mortgages and non-conforming fixed-rate mortgages resulted in its being the leading underwriter of mortgage-backed securities offerings. An increase in secondary trading activity also contributed to the strong net revenues in the mortgage-backed securities business. The strong results delivered by the interest rate derivatives and foreign exchange businesses reflected increased customer volumes. These results were partially offset by a decrease in net revenues in the Company’s corporate and government bonds and credit derivatives businesses from the strong results they achieved in fiscal 2003.

Investment banking revenues increased 17.3% to $1.07 billion in fiscal 2004 from $914.6 million in fiscal 2003. Underwriting revenues increased 20.3% to $519.7 million in fiscal 2004 from $431.9 million in fiscal 2003, reflecting an increase in equity and high yield underwriting revenues on strong new issue activity. These increases were partially offset by reduced municipal underwriting revenues, reflecting the impact of lower issuance levels. Advisory services revenues in fiscal 2004 increased 1.6% to $306.2 million from $301.5 million in fiscal 2003 due to higher levels of completed US M&A activity. Merchant banking revenues increased 36.3% to $246.9 million in fiscal 2004, reflecting increased realized and unrealized gains on investments and performance fees on the Company’s merchant banking portfolio.

Global Clearing Services

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 














 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

% Increase

 

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 

2003

 

2005/2004

 

2004/2003

 













 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


















 

Net revenues

 

 $

1,067,985

 

 

$

932,416

 

$

784,072

 

 

14.5

%

 

18.9

%

Pre-tax income

 

 $

526,148

 

 

$

404,312

 

$

245,531

 

 

30.1

%

 

64.7

%


















 

The Global Clearing Services segment provides execution, clearing, margin lending and securities borrowing to facilitate customer short sales to clearing clients worldwide. Prime brokerage clients include hedge funds and clients of money managers, short sellers, arbitrageurs and other professional investors. Fully disclosed clients engage in either the retail or institutional brokerage business. At November 30, 2005 and 2004, the Company held approximately $258.1 billion and $247.5 billion, respectively, in equity in Global Clearing Services client accounts.

Fiscal 2005 versus Fiscal 2004 Net revenues for Global Clearing Services increased 14.5% to $1.07 billion for fiscal 2005 from $932.4 million for fiscal 2004. Net interest revenues increased 27.6% to $777.5 million for fiscal 2005 from $609.3 million for fiscal 2004, primarily reflecting increased average customer margin and short sale balances from prime brokerage and fully disclosed clearance clients due to improving US equity market conditions. These results

42



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

were partially offset by a decline in commission revenues of 14.0% to $260.9 million for fiscal 2005 from $303.2 million for fiscal 2004, reflecting reduced trading volumes and rates from prime brokerage clients. Pre-tax income increased 30.1% to $526.1 million for fiscal 2005 from $404.3 million for fiscal 2004, reflecting higher net revenues and stable expenses. Pre-tax profit margin was 49.3% for fiscal 2005, compared with 43.4% for fiscal 2004.

The following table presents the Company’s interest-bearing balances for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005 and 2004:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2005

 

 

 

2004

 









 

(in billions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 









 

Margin debt balances, average for period

 

 $

58.5

 

 

$

48.0

 

Margin debt balances, at period end

 

 

59.5

 

 

 

57.3

 

Customer short balances, average for period

 

 

84.4

 

 

 

76.3

 

Customer short balances, at period end

 

 

79.9

 

 

 

85.4

 

Securities borrowed, average for period

 

 

62.8

 

 

 

63.8

 

Securities borrowed, at period end

 

 

54.6

 

 

 

65.2

 

Free credit balances, average for period

 

 

29.7

 

 

 

28.6

 

Free credit balances, at period end

 

 

31.0

 

 

 

30.8

 

Equity held in client accounts

 

 

258.1

 

 

 

247.5

 









 

Fiscal 2004 versus Fiscal 2003 Net revenues for Global Clearing Services increased 18.9% to $932.4 million for fiscal 2004 from $784.1 million for fiscal 2003. Net interest revenues increased 32.9% to $609.3 million for fiscal 2004 from $458.5 million for fiscal 2003, primarily reflecting increased margin balances from prime brokerage and fully disclosed clearance clients due to improving US equity market conditions. These results were partially offset by a decline in commission revenues of 3.0% to $303.2 million for fiscal 2004 from $312.6 million for the prior year, reflecting decreased trading volumes from prime brokerage clients. Pre-tax income increased 64.7% to $404.3 million from $245.5 million for fiscal 2003, reflecting higher net revenues. Pre-tax profit margin was 43.4% for fiscal 2004 compared with 31.3% for fiscal 2003.

Wealth Management

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 














 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

% Increase (Decrease)

 

(in thousands)

 

2005

 

2004

 

2003

 

2005/2004

 

2004/2003

 













Net revenues

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Private client services revenues

 

$

543,767

 

$

526,122

 

$

477,227

 

 

 

3.3

%

 

 

 

10.2

%

 

Revenue transferred to Capital Markets segment

 

 

(93,586

)

 

(84,880

)

 

(98,440

)

 

 

(10.3

%)

 

 

 

13.8

%

 

 

 




















    Private client services net revenues

 

$

450,181

 

$

441,242

 

$

378,787

 

 

 

2.0

%

 

 

 

16.5

%

 

    Asset management

 

 

228,643

 

 

185,085

 

 

132,520

 

 

 

23.5

%

 

 

 

39.7

%

 




















Total net revenues

 

$

678,824

 

$

626,327

 

$

511,307

 

 

 

8.4

%

 

 

 

22.5

%

 

Pre-tax income

 

$

39,665

 

$

66,942

 

$

19,217

 

 

 

(40.7

%)

 

 

 

248.3

%

 























The Wealth Management segment is composed of the PCS and asset management areas. PCS provides high-net-worth individuals with an institutional level of investment service, including access to the Company’s resources and professionals. At November 30, 2005, PCS had approximately 500 account executives in its principal office, six regional offices and two international offices. Asset management manages equity, fixed income and alternative assets for corporate pension plans, public systems, endowments, foundations, multi-employer plans, insurance companies, corporations, families and high-net-worth individuals in the US and abroad.

Fiscal 2005 versus Fiscal 2004 Net revenues for Wealth Management increased 8.4% to $678.8 million for fiscal 2005 from $626.3 million for fiscal 2004. PCS revenues increased 2.0% to $450.2 million for fiscal 2005 from $441.2

43



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

million for fiscal 2004, reflecting increased net interest revenues associated with higher margin balances and increased fee income attributable to higher levels of fee-based assets as well as an increase in broker productivity. Gross revenues per broker increased to $1.19 million in fiscal 2005 from $1.08 million in fiscal 2004. Asset management revenues increased 23.5% to $228.6 million for fiscal 2005 from $185.1 million for fiscal 2004, reflecting increased performance fees on proprietary hedge fund products. Management fees also increased during fiscal 2005 on higher levels of traditional assets under management. Pre-tax income for Wealth Management decreased 40.7% to $39.7 million in fiscal 2005 from $66.9 million for fiscal 2004. The pre-tax income decrease relates to $22 million in non-recurring income received from the sale of the mutual funds business to Dreyfus as well as increased operating costs incurred during fiscal 2005.

Assets under management were $41.9 billion at November 30, 2005, reflecting a 10.8% increase from $37.8 billion in assets under management at November 30, 2004. The increase in assets under management reflects continued increases in traditional equity assets attributable to market appreciation and net inflows. Assets under management at November 30, 2005 include $6.3 billion of assets from alternative investment products, a slight increase from $6.2 billion at November 30, 2004.

Fiscal 2004 versus Fiscal 2003 Net revenues for Wealth Management increased 22.5% to $626.3 million for fiscal 2004 from $511.3 million for fiscal 2003. PCS revenues increased 16.5% to $441.2 million for fiscal 2004 from $378.8 million for fiscal 2003, reflecting higher levels of fee income attributable to higher fee-based assets, increased levels of retail customer activity on improving US equity markets, and increased net interest revenues associated with higher margin balances. Asset management revenues increased 39.7% to $185.1 million for fiscal 2004 from $132.5 million for fiscal 2003. This increase includes approximately $22 million of revenues associated with the sale of the Company’s mutual funds business to Dreyfus completed in the second quarter of 2004. In addition, asset management revenues increased on higher management fees attributable to increased assets under management in both traditional and hedge fund products, as well as improved performance fees on alternative investment products. Pre-tax income for Wealth Management was $66.9 million in fiscal 2004, a 248.3% increase compared with pre-tax income of $19.2 million for fiscal 2003, reflecting higher net revenues. Fiscal 2004 results included approximately $7 million of non-recurring transaction costs associated with the sale of the mutual funds business.

Assets under management were $37.8 billion at November 30, 2004, reflecting a 29.5% increase from $29.2 billion in assets under management at November 30, 2003. The increase in assets under management is due in part to the acquisition in the fourth quarter of 2004 of $6.1 billion of fixed income assets of TimesSquare Capital Management, Inc. together with growth in traditional equity assets. Partially offsetting these increases was the sale of the mutual funds business to Dreyfus in 2004, which reduced assets under management by $2.4 billion. Assets under management at November 30, 2004 include $6.2 billion of assets from alternative investment products, an increase of 4.5% from approximately $6.0 billion at November 30, 2003.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Financial Leverage

Asset Composition

The Company’s actual level of capital, capital requirements and thereby the level of financial leverage, is a function of numerous variables, including asset composition, rating agency/creditor perception, business prospects, regulatory requirements, balance sheet liquidity, cost/availability of capital and risk of loss. The Company consistently maintains a highly liquid balance sheet, with the vast majority of the Company’s assets consisting of cash, marketable securities inventories and collateralized receivables arising from customer-related and proprietary securities transactions.

Collateralized receivables consist of resale agreements secured predominantly by US government and agency securities, customer margin loans and securities borrowed, which are typically secured by marketable corporate debt and equity securities. The nature of the Company’s business as a securities dealer requires it to carry significant levels of securities inventories to meet its customer and proprietary trading needs. Additionally, the Company’s role as a financial intermediary for customer activities, which it conducts on a principal basis, together with its customer-related

44



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

activities in its clearance business, results in significant levels of customer-related balances, including customer margin debt, securities borrowed and repurchase activity. The Company’s total assets and financial leverage can and do fluctuate, depending largely on economic and market conditions, volume of activity and customer demand.

The Company’s total assets at November 30, 2005 increased to $292.6 billion from $255.9 billion at November 30, 2004. The increase was primarily attributable to increases in financial instruments owned, assets of variable interest entities and mortgage loan special purpose entities, securities received as collateral, cash and cash equivalents and receivables from customers, partially offset by a decrease in securities borrowed and securities purchased under agreements to resell. The Company’s total capital base, which consists of long-term debt, preferred equity issued by subsidiaries and total stockholders’ equity, increased to $54.3 billion at November 30, 2005 from $45.8 billion at November 30, 2004. This change was primarily due to a net increase in long-term debt and an increase in stockholders’ equity due to earnings as well as income tax benefits attributable to the distribution of common stock under the Company’s deferred compensation plans.

The Company’s total capital base as of November 30, 2005 and 2004 was as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 







 

(in millions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 







 

Long-term borrowings:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Senior debt

 

$

43,227.1

 

 

$

36,580.8

 

Subordinated debt(1)

 

 

262.5

 

 

 

262.5

 







 

Total long-term borrowings

 

$

43,489.6

 

 

$

36,843.3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stockholders’ equity:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Preferred stockholders’ equity

 

$

372.3

 

 

$

448.1

 

Common stockholders’ equity

 

 

10,419.1

 

 

 

8,542.8

 







 

Total stockholders’ equity

 

$

10,791.4

 

 

$

8,990.9

 







 

Total capital

 

$

54,281.0

 

 

$

45,834.2

 







 

(1) Represents junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures issued by the Company, held by Bear Stearns Capital Trust III. See Note 10, Preferred Stock, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

The amount of long-term debt as well as total capital that the Company maintains is driven by a number of factors, with particular focus on asset composition. The Company’s ability to support increases in total assets is a function of its ability to obtain short-term secured and unsecured funding, as well as its access to longer-term sources of capital (i.e., long-term debt and equity). The Company regularly measures and monitors its total capital requirements, which are primarily a function of the self-funding ability of its assets. The equity portion of total capital is primarily a function of on- and off-balance-sheet risks (i.e., market, credit and liquidity) and regulatory capital requirements. As such, the liquidity and risk characteristics of assets being held are critical determinants of both total capital and the equity portion thereof, thus significantly influencing the amount of leverage that the Company can employ.

Given the nature of the Company’s market-making and customer-financing activity, the overall size of the balance sheet fluctuates from time to time. The Company’s total assets at quarter end are lower than would be observed on an average basis. At the end of each quarter, the Company typically uses excess cash to finance high-quality, highly liquid securities inventory that otherwise would be funded via the repurchase agreement market. In addition, the Company reduces its matched book repurchase and reverse repurchase activities at quarter end. Finally, the Company may reduce the aggregate level of inventories through ordinary course, open market activities in the most liquid portions of the balance sheet, which are principally US government and agency securities and agency mortgage pass-through securities. At November 30, 2005 and November 30, 2004, total assets of $292.6 billion and $255.9 billion were approximately 5.6% and 6.4%, respectively, lower than the average of the month-end balances observed over the trailing 12-month period. Despite reduced total assets at quarter end, the Company’s overall market, credit and liquidity

45



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

risk profile does not change materially, since the reduction in asset balances is predominantly in highly liquid, short-term instruments that are financed on a secured basis. This periodic reduction verifies the inherently liquid nature of the balance sheet and provides consistency with respect to creditor constituents’ evaluation of the Company’s financial condition.

Leverage Ratios

Balance sheet leverage measures is one approach to assessing the capital adequacy of a securities firm, such as the Company. The following table presents total assets and net adjusted assets with the resultant leverage ratios at November 30, 2005 and November 30, 2004. Gross leverage equals total assets divided by stockholders’ equity, inclusive of preferred and trust preferred equity. The Company views its trust preferred equity as a component of its equity capital base given the equity-like characteristics of the securities. The Company also receives rating agency equity credit for these securities. Net adjusted leverage equals net adjusted assets divided by tangible equity capital, which excludes goodwill and intangible assets from both the numerator and denominator, as equity used to support goodwill and intangible assets is not available to support the balance of the Company’s net assets. With respect to a comparative measure of financial risk and capital adequacy, the Company believes that the low-risk, collateralized nature of its securities purchased under agreements to resell, securities borrowed, securities received as collateral, customer receivables and segregated cash assets renders net adjusted leverage as the relevant measure.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2005

 

2004

 







(in millions, except ratios)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 









Total assets

 

$

292,635

 

$

255,950

 

Deduct:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and securities deposited with clearing organizations or segregated in compliance with federal regulations

 

 

5,270

 

 

4,423

 

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

 

 

42,648

 

 

45,395

 

Securities received as collateral

 

 

12,426

 

 

8,823

 

Securities borrowed

 

 

62,915

 

 

69,793

 

Receivables from customers

 

 

33,255

 

 

32,114

 

Goodwill & intangible assets

 

 

355

 

 

365

 









Subtotal

 

 

156,869

 

 

160,913

 









Add:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased

 

 

35,004

 

 

29,476

 

Deduct:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased

 

 

12,957

 

 

9,672

 









Net adjusted assets

 

$

157,813

 

$

114,841

 









Stockholders’ equity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common equity

 

$

10,419

 

$

8,543

 

Preferred stock

 

 

372

 

 

448

 









Total stockholders’ equity

 

 

10,791

 

 

8,991

 









Add:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Trust preferred equity

 

 

263

 

 

263

 









Subtotal – leverage equity

 

 

11,054

 

 

9,254

 









Deduct:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Goodwill & intangible assets

 

 

355

 

 

365

 









Tangible equity capital

 

$

10,699

 

$

8,889

 









Gross leverage

 

 

26.5

 

 

27.7

 

Net adjusted leverage

 

 

14.8

 

 

12.9

 









Funding Strategy and Liquidity Risk Management

General Funding Strategy

Liquidity is extraordinarily important for financial services firms in general and for securities firms such as the Company in particular, given reliance on market confidence. Consequently, the Company focuses on management of funding and liquidity risk. The Company’s overall objective and general funding strategy seeks to ensure liquidity and diversity of funding sources to meet the Company’s financing needs at all times and under all market environments. In financing its balance sheet, the Company attempts to maximize its use of secured funding where economically competitive. Short-term sources of cash consist principally of collateralized borrowings, including repurchase

46



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

transactions, sell/buy arrangements, securities lending arrangements and customer free credit balances. Short-term unsecured funding sources expose the Company to rollover risk, as providers of credit are not obligated to refinance the instruments at maturity. For this reason, the Company seeks to prudently manage its reliance on short-term unsecured borrowings by maintaining an adequate total capital base and extensive use of secured funding. In addition to this strategy, the Company places emphasis on diversification by product, geography, maturity and instrument in order to further ensure prudent, moderate usage of more credit-sensitive, potentially less stable, funding. Short-term unsecured funding sources include commercial paper, medium-term notes and bank borrowings, which generally have maturities ranging from overnight to one year. The Company views its secured funding as inherently less credit sensitive and therefore a more stable source of funding due to the collateralized nature of the borrowing.

In addition to short-term funding sources, the Company utilizes equity and long-term debt, including floating- and fixed-rate notes, as longer-term sources of unsecured financing. The Company regularly monitors and analyzes the size, composition and liquidity characteristics of its asset base in the context of each asset’s ability to be used to obtain secured financing. This analysis helps the Company in determining its aggregate need for longer-term funding sources (i.e., long-term debt and equity). The Company views long-term debt as a stable source of funding, which effectively strengthens its overall liquidity profile and mitigates liquidity risk.

Alternative Funding Strategy

The Company maintains an alternative funding strategy focused on the liquidity and self-funding ability of the underlying assets. The objective of this strategy is to maintain sufficient cash capital (i.e., equity plus long-term debt maturing in more than 12 months) and funding sources to enable the Company to refinance short-term, unsecured borrowings with fully secured borrowings. As such, the Company is not reliant upon nor does it contemplate forced balance sheet reduction to endure a period of constrained funding availability. This underlying approach is supported by maintenance of a formal contingency funding plan, which includes a detailed delegation of authority and precise action steps for managing an event-driven liquidity crisis. The plan identifies the crisis management team, details an effective internal and external communication strategy, and facilitates the greater information flow required to effect a rapid and efficient transition to a secured funding environment.

As it relates to the alternative funding strategy discussed above, the Company prepares an analysis that focuses on a 12-month time period and assumes that the Company does not liquidate assets and cannot issue any new unsecured debt, including commercial paper. Under these assumptions, the Company monitors its cash position and the borrowing value of unencumbered, unhypothecated financial instruments in relation to its unsecured debt maturing over the next 12 months, striving to maintain the ratio of liquidity sources to maturing debt at 110% or greater. Also within this strategy, the Company seeks to maintain cash capital in excess of that portion of its assets that cannot be funded on a secured basis (i.e., positive net cash capital). These two measures, liquidity ratio and net cash capital, are complementary and constitute the core elements of the Company’s alternative funding strategy and, consequently, its approach to funding and liquidity risk management.

The borrowing value advance rates used in the Company’s liquidity ratio calculation and the haircuts incorporated in the cash capital model are symmetrical. These advance rates are considered readily available, even in a stress environment. In the vast majority of circumstances/asset classes they are derived from committed secured bank facilities, whereby a bank or group of banks is contractually obligated to lend to the Company at a pre-specified advance rate on specific types of collateral regardless of “market environment.” As such, the advance rates/haircuts in the alternative liquidity models are typically worse than those the Company realizes in normalized repo and secured lending markets. The advance rates in the liquidity ratio reflect what can be reliably realized in a stressed liquidity environment. The haircuts used in the cash capital model are consistent with the advance rates in the liquidity ratio in that the haircut is equal to one minus the advance rate.

As of November 30, 2005, the market value of unencumbered, unhypothecated financial instruments

47



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

owned by the Company was approximately $37.0 billion with a borrowing value of $28.8 billion. The assets are composed of primarily mortgage- and asset-backed securities, investment grade municipal and corporate bonds, US equities and residential and commercial mortgage whole loans. The average advance rate on these different asset types ranges from 74% to 96% and, as described above, is based predominantly on committed, secured facilities that the Company and its subsidiaries maintain in different regions globally. The liquidity ratio, explained above, based solely on Company-owned securities, has averaged 166% over the previous 12 months including unused committed unsecured bank credit, and 155% excluding the unsecured portion of the Company’s $3.7 billion committed revolving credit facility. On this same basis, the liquidity ratio was 157% as of November 30, 2005 and 149% excluding committed unsecured bank credit. In addition to Company-owned unencumbered financial instruments, as of year end, the Company held $61.2 billion of collateral owned by customers and introducing brokers that could be repledged to raise secured funding. Of this total, $2.2 billion was readily available to pledge to meet the Company’s liquidity needs given current reserve requirements. Inclusive of both the readily available portion of customer and introducing broker collateral and unused committed secured bank credit, the liquidity ratio at November 30, 2005 was 179%.

While The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. (“Parent Company”) is the primary issuer of unsecured debt in the marketplace, the collateral referred to in the preceding paragraph is held in various subsidiaries, both regulated and unregulated. A subsidiary’s legal entity status and the Company’s inter-company funding structure may constrain liquidity available to the Parent Company, as regulators may prevent the flow of funds and/or securities from a regulated subsidiary to its parent company or other subsidiaries. In recognition of this potential for liquidity to be trapped in subsidiaries, the Company maintains a minimum $5.0 billion of liquidity immediately accessible by the Parent Company at all times. This liquidity reserve takes the form of cash deposits and money market instruments that are held at the Parent Company and high-quality collateral (corporate bonds, municipal bonds, equity securities) that is owned by subsidiaries and explicitly pledged to and segregated for the benefit of the Parent Company and maintained at a third-party custodian. For purposes of calculating the aggregate value of the liquidity reserve, the contractually obligated advance rates described herein are used to determine the borrowing value of collateral pledged. In addition to this immediately available liquidity, the Company monitors unrestricted liquidity available to the Parent Company via the ability to monetize unencumbered assets held in unregulated and regulated entities. As of November 30, 2005, approximately $19.6 billion of the market value identified in the liquidity ratio data above was held in unregulated entities and thus unrestricted as to parent availability, while an additional $4.0 billion market value had been pledged to the Parent Company as collateral for inter-company borrowings and was thus readily available. The remaining $13.4 billion market value of unencumbered securities was held in regulated entities, a portion of which may be available to provide liquidity to the Parent Company.

The cash capital framework is utilized to evaluate the Company’s long-term funding sources and requirements in their entirety. Cash capital required to support all of the Company’s assets is determined on a regular basis. For purposes of broadly classifying the drivers of cash capital requirements, cash capital usage can be delineated across two very broad categories as (1) firmwide haircuts and (2) illiquid assets/long-term investments. More precisely, the Company holds cash capital to support longer-term funding requirements, including, but not limited to, the following:

 

 

 

 

That portion of financial instruments owned that cannot be funded on a secured basis (i.e., the haircuts);

 

 

 

 

Margin loans and resale principal in excess of the borrowing value of collateral received;

 

 

 

 

Operational cash deposits required to support the regular activities of the Company (e.g., exchange initial margin);

 

 

 

 

Unfunded committed funding obligations, such as corporate loan commitments;

 

 

 

 

Less liquid and illiquid assets, such as goodwill and fixed assets;

 

 

 

 

Uncollateralized funded loans and funded loans secured by illiquid and/or non-rehypothecatable collateral;

 

 

 

 

Merchant banking assets and other long-term investments; and

 

 

 

 

Regulatory capital in excess of a regulated entity’s cash capital based longer-term funding requirements.

Notwithstanding the lack of homogeneity of the longer-term funding requirements listed above, the table below summarizes the Company’s net cash capital position and classifies all of the long-term funding requirements of the

48



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

Company within the broad categories previously identified. At November 30, 2005, the Company’s net cash capital position was $5.7 billion. Fluctuations in net cash capital are common and are a function of variability in total assets, balance sheet composition and total capital. The Company attempts to maintain cash capital sources in excess of the aggregate longer-term funding requirements of the firm (i.e., positive net cash capital). Over the previous 12 months, the Company’s net cash capital position has averaged $1.6 billion.

The Company’s net cash capital position as of November 30, 2005 and 2004 was as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2005

 

2004

 







 

(in millions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 







 

Cash capital available:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stockholders’ equity

 

$

10,791.4

 

 

$

8,990.9

 

Subordinated debt(1)

 

 

262.5

 

 

 

262.5

 

Long-term debt > 1 year(2)

 

 

39,751.5

 

 

 

28,074.8

 









 

Total cash capital available

 

$

50,805.4

 

 

$

37,328.2

 

Cash capital required:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Firmwide haircuts

 

$

37,340.2

 

 

$

29,491.5

 

Illiquid assets/long-term investments

 

 

7,804.1

 

 

 

6,212.9

 









 

Total cash capital required

 

$

45,144.3

 

 

$

35,704.4

 









 

Net cash capital

 

$

5,661.1

 

 

$

1,623.8

 









 

(1) Represents junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures issued by the Company, held by Bear Stearns Capital Trust III. See Note 10, Preferred Stock, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

(2) Excludes certain long-term debt items not available for cash capital needs and includes certain sources of capital available to fund-specific assets within the cash capital model.

In addition to the alternative funding measures above, the Company monitors the maturity profile of its unsecured debt to minimize refinancing risk, maintains relationships with a broad global base of debt investors and bank creditors, establishes and adheres to strict short-term debt investor concentration limits, and periodically tests its secured and unsecured committed credit facilities. An important component of the Company’s funding and liquidity risk management efforts involves ongoing dialogues with a large number of creditor constituents. Strong relationships with

49



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

a diverse base of creditors and debt investors are crucial to the Company’s liquidity. The Company also maintains available sources of short-term funding that exceed actual utilization, thus allowing it to endure changes in investor appetite and credit capacity to hold the Company’s debt obligations.

With respect to the management of refinancing risk, the maturity profile of the long-term debt portfolio of the Company is monitored on an ongoing basis and structured within the context of two diversification guidelines. The Company has a general guideline of no more than 20% of its long-term debt portfolio maturing in any one year, as well as no more than 10% maturing in any one quarter over the next five years. The Company continued to meet these guidelines at the end of fiscal 2005 as evidenced by the bar graphs below. As of November 30, 2005, the weighted average maturity of the Company’s long-term debt was 4.4 years.

LONG-TERM DEBT MATURITY PROFILE
($ in millions)

4,465

2,393

590

1,975

1,962

5,970

5,810

5,518

8,319

6,488

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

One

Two

Three

Four

Five

Six

Seven

Eight

Nine

Ten & >

Non-Extendibles

Extendibles

(1)

20%

1,559

1,767

519

2,125

2,406

703

911

1,498

701

1,342

1,985

1,782

2,042

2,984

949

2,344

685

1,049

3,251

1,503

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

1Q06

2Q06

3Q06

4Q06

1Q07

2Q07

3Q07

4Q07

1Q08

2Q08

3Q08

4Q08

1Q09

2Q09

3Q09

4Q09

1Q10

2Q10

3Q10

4Q10

Non-Extendibles

Extendibles

(1)

10%

The charts above represent debt maturing in the indicated number of years as of November 30, 2005.

(1) Extendibles are debt instruments with an extendible maturity date and are included in long-term debt if the earliest maturity date is greater than one year. Unless debt holders instruct the Company to redeem their debt, the earliest maturity date of these instruments is automatically extended. Based on past experience, the majority of the Company’s extendibles is expected to remain outstanding beyond their earliest maturity date.

50



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

Committed Credit Facilities

The Company has a committed revolving credit facility (“Facility”) totaling $3.70 billion, which permits borrowing on a secured basis by the Parent Company, BSSC, BSIL and certain other subsidiaries. The Facility also allows the Parent Company and BSIL to borrow up to $1.85 billion of the Facility on an unsecured basis. Secured borrowings can be collateralized by both investment grade and non-investment-grade financial instruments as the Facility provides for defined advance rates on a wide range of financial instruments eligible to be pledged. The Facility contains financial covenants, the most significant of which require maintenance of specified levels of stockholders’ equity of the Company and net capital of BSSC. In February 2006, the Company renewed the Facility with substantially the same terms. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Facility at November 30, 2005.

The Company has a $1.50 billion committed revolving securities repo facility (“Repo Facility”), which permits borrowings secured by a broad range of collateral under a repurchase arrangement by the Parent Company, BSIL, Bear Stearns International Trading Limited (“BSIT”) and BSB. The Repo Facility contains financial covenants that require, among other things, maintenance of specified levels of stockholders’ equity of the Company. The Repo Facility terminates in August 2006, with all repos outstanding at that date payable no later than August 2007. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Repo Facility at November 30, 2005.

The Company has a $350 million committed revolving credit facility (“Pan Asian Facility”), which permits borrowing on a secured basis collateralized by foreign securities at pre-specified advance rates. The Pan Asian Facility contains financial covenants that require, among other things, maintenance of specified levels of stockholders’ equity of the Company and net capital of BSSC. In December 2005, the Company renewed the Facility at a $350 million committed level with substantially the same terms. The Pan Asian Facility terminates in December 2006 with all loans outstanding at that date payable no later than December 2007. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Pan Asian Facility at November 30, 2005.

The Company also maintains a series of committed credit facilities to support liquidity needs for the financing of investment grade and non-investment-grade corporate loans, residential mortgages, commercial mortgages and listed options. The facilities are expected to be drawn from time to time and expire at various dates, the longest of such periods ending in fiscal 2007. All of these facilities contain a term-out option of one year or more for borrowings outstanding at expiration. The banks providing these facilities are committed to providing up to an aggregate of approximately $2.9 billion. At November 30, 2005, the borrowings outstanding under these committed credit facilities were $283.3 million.

Capital Resources

The Parent Company, operating as the centralized unsecured funding arm of the Company, raises the vast majority of the Company’s unsecured debt, including both commercial paper and long-term debt. The Parent Company is thus the “central bank” of the Company, where all capital is held and from which capital is deployed. The Parent Company advances funds in the form of debt or equity to subsidiaries to meet their operating funding needs and regulatory capital requirements. In addition to the primary regulated subsidiaries, the Company also conducts significant activities through other wholly owned subsidiaries, including: Bear Stearns Global Lending Limited, Custodial Trust Company, Bear Stearns Financial Products Inc., Bear Stearns Capital Markets Inc., Bear Stearns Credit Products Inc., Bear Stearns Forex Inc., EMC Mortgage Corporation, Bear Stearns Commercial Mortgage, Inc. and Bear Hunter Holdings LLC. In connection with all of the Company’s operating activities, a substantial portion of the Company’s long-term borrowings and equity has been used to fund investments in, and advances to, these subsidiaries, including subordinated debt advances.

Within this funding framework, the Company attempts to fund equity investments in subsidiaries with equity from the Parent Company (i.e., utilize no equity double leverage). At November 30, 2005, the Parent Company’s equity investment in subsidiaries was $7.2 billion versus common stockholders’ equity and preferred equity of $10.4 billion and $372.3

51



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

million, respectively. As such, at November 30, 2005, the ratio of the equity investment in subsidiaries to Parent Company equity (equity double leverage) was approximately 0.69 based on common equity and 0.67 including preferred equity. At November 30, 2004, these measures were 0.70 based on common equity and 0.66 including preferred equity. Additionally, all subordinated debt advances to regulated subsidiaries for use as regulatory capital, which totaled $10.2 billion at the end of fiscal 2005, are funded with long-term debt issued by the Company having a remaining maturity equal to or greater than the maturity of the subordinated debt advance. The Company regularly monitors the nature and significance of assets or activities conducted in all subsidiaries and attempts to fund such assets with both capital and/or borrowings having a maturity profile and relative mix consistent with the nature and self-funding ability of the assets being financed. The funding mix also takes into account regulatory capital requirements for regulated subsidiaries.

Long-term debt totaling $37.0 billion and $30.7 billion had remaining maturities beyond one year at November 30, 2005 and November 30, 2004, respectively. The Company accesses funding in a variety of markets in the United States, Europe and Asia. The Company issues debt through syndicated US-registered offerings, US- registered and 144A medium-term note programs, other US and non-US bond and note offerings and other methods. The Company’s access to external sources of financing, as well as the cost of that financing, is dependent on various factors and could be adversely affected by a deterioration of the Company’s long- and short-term debt ratings, which are influenced by a number of factors. These include, but are not limited to: material changes in operating margins; earnings trends and volatility; the prudence of funding and liquidity management practices; financial leverage on an absolute basis or relative to peers; the composition of the balance sheet and/or capital structure; geographic and business diversification; and the Company’s market share and competitive position in the business segments in which it operates. Material deterioration in any one or a combination of these factors could result in a downgrade of the Company’s credit ratings, thus increasing the cost of and/or limiting the availability of unsecured financing. Additionally, a reduction in the Company’s credit ratings could also trigger incremental collateral requirements, predominantly in the over-the-counter derivatives market. As of November 30, 2005, a downgrade by either Moody’s Investors Service or Standard & Poor’s in the Company’s long-term credit ratings to the level of A3 or A- would result in the Company needing to post $68.5 million in additional collateral pursuant to contractual arrangements for outstanding over-the-counter derivatives contracts. A downgrade to Baa1 or BBB+ would result in needing to post an additional $417.8 million in collateral.

At November 30, 2005, the Company’s long-term/short-term debt ratings were as follows:

 

 

 

Rating



Dominion Bond Rating Service Limited

A (high)/R-1 (middle)

Fitch

A+/F1+

Moody’s Investors Service

A1/P-1

Rating & Investment Information, Inc.

A+/NR

Standard & Poor’s

A/A-1



NR – does not assign a short-term rating

In October 2005, Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services changed the outlook on The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. from stable to positive. Simultaneously, the A/A-1 ratings were affirmed. The outlook change reflects the Company’s high profitability with low earnings volatility during the past several years. Standard & Poor’s also cited the strength of the Company’s various franchises, conservative management team and low tolerance for risk. The outlook change indicates that the rating could be raised during the next one to two years if the Company continues to perform well.

Stock Repurchase Program

The Company has various employee stock compensation plans designed to increase the emphasis on stock-based incentive compensation and align the compensation of its key employees with the long-term interests of stockholders. Such plans provide for annual grants of stock units and stock options. The Company intends to offset the potentially dilutive impact of the annual grants by purchasing common stock throughout the year in open market and private transactions. On January 5, 2005, the Board of Directors of the Company approved an amendment to the Stock Repurchase Program (“Repurchase Program”) to replenish the previous authorizations to allow the Company to purchase up to $1.0 billion of common stock in fiscal 2005 and beyond. During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005, the Company purchased under the current and prior authorizations a total of 7,063,528 shares at a cost of approximately $725.6 million. Approximately $338.8 million was available to be purchased under the current

52



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

authorization as of November 30, 2005. On December 12, 2005, the Board of Directors of the Company approved an amendment to the Repurchase Program to replenish the previous authorization in order to allow the Company to purchase up to $1.5 billion of common stock in fiscal 2006 and beyond. The Company expects to utilize the repurchase authorization to offset the dilutive impact of annual share awards. The Company may, depending upon price and other factors, acquire additional shares in excess of that required for annual share awards.

During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005, the Company also purchased a total of 1,419,955 shares of its common stock at a total cost of $144.0 million pursuant to a $200 million CAP Plan Earnings Purchase Authorization, which was approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company on November 30, 2004. On December 9, 2005, the Compensation Committee of the Company approved an amendment to the CAP Plan Earnings Purchase Authorization to replenish the previous authorization in order to allow the Company to purchase up to $200 million of common stock in fiscal 2006.

Cash Flows

Fiscal 2005 Cash and cash equivalents increased $1.69 billion to $5.86 billion at November 30, 2005 from $4.17 billion at November 30, 2004. Cash used in operating activities was $14.01 billion, primarily attributable to increases in financial instruments owned and a decrease in net payables to customers, partially offset by increases in securities sold under agreements to repurchase, net of securities purchased under agreements to resell and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased and a decrease in securities borrowed, net of securities loaned, which occurred in the normal course of business as a result of changes in customer needs, market conditions and trading strategies. Cash used in investing activities of $202.9 million reflected purchases of property, equipment and leasehold improvements. Cash provided by financing activities of $15.90 billion reflected net proceeds from the issuance of long-term borrowings of $16.00 billion and net proceeds relating to short-term borrowings of $7.80 billion, primarily to fund normal operating activities. This was partially offset by net payments for the retirement/repurchase of long-term borrowings of $7.27 billion. Treasury stock purchases of $869.6 million were made to provide for the annual grant of CAP Plan units, restricted stock units and stock options.

Fiscal 2004 Cash and cash equivalents increased $335.8 million to $4.17 billion at November 30, 2004 from $3.84 billion at November 30, 2003. Cash used in operating activities was $2.18 billion, primarily attributable to an increase in financial instruments owned, partially offset by an increase in net payables to brokers, dealers and others and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, as well as decreases in cash and securities deposited with clearing organizations or segregated in compliance with federal regulations and securities borrowed, net of securities loaned, which occurred in the normal course of business as a result of changes in customer needs, market conditions and trading strategies. Cash used in investing activities of $128.4 million reflected purchases of property, equipment and leasehold improvements. Cash provided by financing activities of $2.64 billion reflected net proceeds of $11.25 billion from issuances of long-term borrowings used primarily to fund normal operating activities. This was partially offset by repayments of $6.65 billion in long-term borrowings, and net payments of $1.18 billion relating to short-term borrowings and a $300 million redemption of trust-issued preferred stock. Treasury stock purchases of $780.8 million were made to provide for the annual grant of CAP Plan units, restricted stock units and stock options.

Fiscal 2003 Cash and cash equivalents decreased $1.68 billion to $3.84 billion at November 30, 2003 from $5.52 billion at November 30, 2002. Cash used in operating activities was $5.22 billion, primarily attributable to an increase in securities borrowed, net of securities loaned and financial instruments owned, as well as a decrease in net payables to brokers, dealers and others, partially offset by an increase in net payables to customers and securities sold under agreements to repurchase, net of securities purchased under agreements to resell, which occurred in the normal course of business as a result of changes in customer needs, market conditions and trading strategies. Cash used in investing activities of $36.7 million reflected purchases of property, equipment and leasehold improvements. Cash provided by financing activities of $3.57 billion reflected net proceeds of $11.20 billion from issuances of long-term borrowings used primarily to fund normal operating activities and to repay $6.07 billion in long-term borrowings, and net payments relating to short-term borrowings. Treasury stock purchases of $986.2 million were made to provide for the annual grant of CAP Plan units, restricted stock units and stock options.

53



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

Regulated Subsidiaries

As registered broker-dealers, Bear Stearns and BSSC are subject to the net capital requirements of the Exchange Act, the NYSE and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, which are designed to measure the general financial soundness and liquidity of broker-dealers. BSIL and BSIT, London-based broker-dealer subsidiaries, are subject to the regulatory capital requirements of the Financial Services Authority. Additionally, BSB is subject to the regulatory capital requirements of the Irish Financial Services Regulatory Authority. At November 30, 2005, Bear Stearns, BSSC, BSIL, BSIT and BSB were in compliance with their respective regulatory capital requirements.

The Company’s broker-dealer subsidiaries and other regulated subsidiaries are subject to minimum capital requirements and may also be subject to certain restrictions on the payment of dividends, which could limit the Company’s ability to withdraw capital from such regulated subsidiaries, which in turn could limit the Company’s ability to pay dividends. See Note 16, “Regulatory Requirements,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

In June 2004, the SEC adopted rule amendments to “Alternative Net Capital Requirements for Broker-Dealers That Are Part of Consolidated Supervised Entities” (Rule 34-49830) that allow investment banks to voluntarily submit to be regulated by the SEC on a global consolidated basis. These regulations (referred to as CSE) were in response to what is known as the “Financial Conglomerates Directive” (2002/87/EC) of the European Parliament, which served to compel globally active institutions doing business in Europe to be regulated on a global consolidated basis. During fiscal 2005, the Company applied to the SEC to be regulated under this new CSE regime. The application filed with the SEC by Bear Stearns, the Company’s principal US broker-dealer, under the net capital rule amendments, was approved in November 2005. As a result, effective December 1, 2005, Bear Stearns will use alternative methods of computing market and derivative-related credit risk, and, as a condition of using these methods, the Company has consented to consolidated supervision by the SEC. The new framework will be a notable change in the Company’s regulation, as activities that are currently transacted outside of SEC-regulated entities will come under the scope of certain SEC regulations and capital adequacy oversight. In particular, the Company will: compute allowable capital and allowances for market, credit and operational risk on a consolidated basis in accordance with standards prescribed in Appendix G to the Net Capital Rules; permit the SEC to examine the books and records of the Parent Company and any affiliate that does not have a principal regulator; and adopt various additional SEC reporting, record-keeping and notification requirements. Additionally, the Company must comply with the provisions of Rule 15c3-4 of the Exchange Act with respect to a group-wide internal risk management control system in the affiliate group as if it were an OTC derivative dealer, subject to certain limitations. The Company is now deemed a CSE and is in compliance with regulatory capital requirements.

Merchant Banking and Private Equity Investments

In connection with the Company’s merchant banking activities, the Company has investments in merchant banking and private equity-related investment funds as well as direct investments in private equity-related investments. At November 30, 2005, the Company held investments with an aggregate recorded value of approximately $658.8 million, reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition in “Other Assets.” At November 30, 2004, the Company held investments with an aggregate recorded value of approximately $469.4 million. In addition to these various direct and indirect principal investments, the Company has made commitments to invest in private equity-related investments and partnerships (see the summary table under “Commitments”).

High Yield Positions

As part of its fixed income activities, the Company participates in the underwriting and trading of non-investment-grade corporate debt securities and also invests in, syndicates and trades in loans to highly leveraged, below investment grade rated companies (collectively, “high

54



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

yield positions”). Non-investment-grade debt securities have been defined as non-investment-grade corporate debt, and emerging market debt rated BB+ or lower, or equivalent ratings recognized by credit rating agencies. At November 30, 2005 and November 30, 2004, the Company held high yield positions approximating $6.71 billion and $4.39 billion, respectively, substantially all of which are in “Financial Instruments Owned” in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, and $1.72 billion and $1.02 billion, respectively, reflected in “Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased” in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Included in the high yield positions are extensions of credit to highly leveraged companies. At November 30, 2005 and November 30, 2004, the amount outstanding to highly leveraged borrowers totaled $4.24 billion and $2.09 billion, respectively. The largest industry concentration was the telecommunications industry, which approximated 17.2% and 15.7% of these highly leveraged borrowers’ positions at November 30, 2005 and November 30, 2004, respectively. Additionally, the Company has lending commitments with highly leveraged borrowers (see the summary table under “Commitments”).

The Company’s Risk Management Department and senior trading managers monitor exposure to market and credit risk for high yield positions and establish limits and concentrations of risk by individual issuer. High yield positions generally involve greater risk than investment grade debt securities due to credit considerations, liquidity of secondary trading markets and increased vulnerability to changes in general economic conditions. The level of the Company’s high yield positions, and the impact of such activities on the Company’s results of operations, can fluctuate from period to period as a result of customer demand, economic conditions and market considerations.

Contractual Obligations

In connection with its operating activities, the Company enters into contractual obligations that require future cash payments. At November 30, 2005, the Company’s contractual obligations by maturity, excluding derivative financial instruments, were as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Payments Due by Period

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

Fiscal

 

Fiscal

 

Fiscal

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2006

 

2007–2008

 

2009–2010

 

Thereafter

 

Total

 












 

(in millions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

















 

Long-term borrowings(1)(2)

 

$

6,488

 

$

14,129

 

$

11,488

 

$

11,385

 

$

43,490

 

Future minimum operating lease payments(3)(4)

 

$

75

 

$

156

 

$

129

 

$

213

 

$

573

 

















 

(1) Amounts include fair value adjustments in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (‘SFAS”) No. 133 as well as $262.5 million of junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (“Debentures”). The Debentures will mature on May 15, 2031; however, the Company, at its option, may redeem the Debentures beginning May 15, 2006. The Debentures are reflected in the table at their contractual maturity dates.

(2) Included in fiscal 2007 and fiscal 2008 are approximately $2.20 billion and $0.1 billion, respectively, of floating-rate medium-term notes that are redeemable prior to maturity at the option of the noteholder. These notes contain certain provisions that effectively enable noteholders to put these notes back to the Company and, therefore, are reflected in the table at the date such notes first become redeemable. The final maturity dates of these notes are during fiscal 2009 and fiscal 2010.

(3) Includes 383 Madison Avenue in New York City.

(4) See Note 17, “Commitments and Contingencies,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

55



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

Commitments

The Company has commitments(1) under a variety of commercial arrangements. At November 30, 2005, the Company’s commitments associated with lending and financing, private equity-related investments and partnerships, outstanding letters of credit, underwriting and other commercial commitments summarized by period of expiration were as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amount of Commitment Expiration Per Period

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

Fiscal

 

Fiscal

 

Fiscal

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2006

 

 

2007-2008

 

2009-2010

 

 

Thereafter

 

 

Total

 




















(in millions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 




















Lending-related commitments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Investment grade(2)

 

 

$

1,262

 

 

$

325

 

$

781

 

$

 

$

2,368

 

Non-investment-grade

 

 

 

309

 

 

 

202

 

 

652

 

 

277

 

 

1,440

 

Contingent commitments (3)

 

 

 

3,818

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,891

 

Commitments to invest in private equity-related investments and partnerships(4)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

222

 

Underwriting commitments

 

 

 

943

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

943

 

Commercial and residential loans

 

 

 

4,789

 

 

 

214

 

 

50

 

 

 

 

5,053

 

Letters of credit

 

 

 

3,340

 

 

 

110

 

 

35

 

 

 

 

3,485

 

Other commercial commitments

 

 

 

480

 

 

 

30

 

 

 

 

 

 

510

 




















(1) See Note 17, “Commitments and Contingencies,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

(2) In order to mitigate the exposure to investment grade borrowings, the Company entered into credit default swaps aggregating $652.5 million at November 30, 2005.

(3) Includes $72.5 million in commitments with no stated maturity.

(4) At November 30, 2005, commitments to invest in private equity-related investments and partnerships aggregated $222.1 million. These commitments will be funded, if called, through the end of the respective investment periods, the longest of such periods ending in 2014.

OFF-BALANCE-SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into arrangements with special purpose entities (“SPEs”), also known as variable interest entities (“VIEs”). SPEs are corporations, trusts or partnerships that are established for a limited purpose. SPEs, by their nature, are generally not controlled by their equity owners, as the establishing documents govern all material decisions. The Company’s primary involvement with SPEs relates to securitization transactions in which transferred assets, including commercial and residential mortgages, consumer receivables, securities and other financial assets are sold to an SPE and repackaged into securities or similar beneficial interests. SPEs may also be used to create securities with a unique risk profile desired by investors and as a means of intermediating financial risk. The Company, in the normal course of business, may establish SPEs, sell assets to SPEs, underwrite, distribute and make a market in securities or other beneficial interests issued by SPEs, transact derivatives with SPEs, own securities or other beneficial interests, including residuals, in SPEs, and provide liquidity or other guarantees for SPEs.

The Company follows SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities—a Replacement of FASB Statement No. 125,” to account for securitizations and other transfers of financial assets. In accordance with SFAS No. 140, the Company accounts for transfers of financial assets as sales provided that control has been relinquished. Control is deemed to be relinquished only when all of the following conditions have been met: (1) the assets have been isolated from the transferor, even in bankruptcy or other receivership; (2) the transferee is a Qualifying Special Purpose Entity (“QSPE”) or has the right to pledge or exchange the assets received; and (3) the transferor has not maintained effective control over the transferred assets. Therefore, the Company derecognizes financial assets transferred in securitizations, provided that such transfer meets all of these criteria. See Note 5, “Transfers of Financial Assets and Liabilities,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

56



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

for a more complete discussion of the Company’s securitization activities.

The Company regularly creates or transacts with entities that may be VIEs. These entities are an essential part of its securitization, asset management and structured finance businesses. In addition, the Company purchases and sells instruments that may be variable interests. The Company adopted FIN No. 46 (R) for its variable interests in fiscal 2004. The Company consolidates those VIEs in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. See Note 6, “Variable Interest Entities and Mortgage Loan Special Purpose Entities,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a complete discussion of the consolidation of VIEs.

The majority of the SPEs that the Company sponsors or transacts with are QSPEs, which the Company does not consolidate in accordance with this guidance. QSPEs are entities that have little or no discretionary activities and may only passively hold assets and distribute cash generated by the assets they hold. The Company reflects the fair value of its interests in QSPEs on its balance sheet but does not recognize the assets or liabilities of QSPEs. QSPEs are employed extensively in the Company’s mortgage and asset securitization business.

Certain other SPEs do not meet the requirements of a QSPE, because their activities are not sufficiently limited or they have entered into certain non-qualifying transactions. The Company follows the criteria in FIN No. 46 (R) in determining whether it should consolidate such entities. These SPEs are commonly employed in collateralized debt obligation transactions where portfolio managers require the ability to buy and sell assets or in synthetic credit transactions.

In addition to the above, in the ordinary course of business the Company issues various guarantees to counterparties in connection with certain derivatives, leasing, securitization and other transactions. See Note 18, “Guarantees,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a complete discussion on guarantees.

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Derivative financial instruments are contractual commitments between counterparties that derive their values from changes in an underlying interest rate, currency exchange rate, index (e.g., S&P 500), reference rate (e.g., LIBOR), or asset value referenced in the related contract. Some derivatives, such as futures contracts, certain options and index-referenced warrants, can be traded on an exchange. Other derivatives, such as interest rate and currency swaps, caps, floors, collars, swaptions, equity swaps and options, structured notes and forward contracts, are negotiated in the over-the-counter markets. Derivatives generate both on- and off-balance-sheet risks depending on the nature of the contract. The Company is engaged as a dealer in over-the-counter derivatives and, accordingly, enters into transactions involving derivative instruments as part of its customer-related and proprietary trading activities.

The Company’s dealer activities require it to make markets and trade a variety of derivative instruments. In connection with these activities, the Company attempts to mitigate its exposure to market risk by entering into hedging transactions that may include over-the-counter derivatives contracts or the purchase or sale of interest-bearing securities, equity securities, financial futures and forward contracts. The Company also utilizes derivative instruments to hedge proprietary market-making and trading activities. In this regard, the utilization of derivative instruments is designed to reduce or mitigate market risks associated with holding dealer inventories or in connection with arbitrage-related trading activities. The Company also utilizes interest rate and currency swaps, futures contracts and US Treasury positions to hedge its debt issuances as part of its asset and liability management.

In connection with the Company’s dealer activities, the Company formed Bear Stearns Financial Products Inc. (“BSFP”) and its wholly owned subsidiary, Bear Stearns Trading Risk Management Inc. (“BSTRM”). BSFP is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. BSFP and BSTRM were established to provide clients with a AAA-rated counterparty that offers a wide range of global derivative products. BSFP is structured so that if a specified trigger event (including certain credit rating downgrades of the Company, the failure of BSFP to maintain its credit rating and

57



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

the occurrence of a bankruptcy event with respect to the Company) occurs, BSFP will perform on all of its contracts to their original maturities with the assistance of an independent derivatives portfolio manager who would assume the active management of BSFP’s portfolio. BSTRM is structured so that, on the occurrence of a specified trigger event, it will cash-settle all outstanding derivative contracts in a predetermined manner. Clients can use either structure. The AAA/Aaa ratings that BSFP and BSTRM have received are based on their ability to meet their respective obligations without any additional capital from the Company. In the unlikely occurrence of a trigger event, the Company does not expect any significant incremental impact on the liquidity or financial condition of the Company. At November 30, 2005, there was no potential cash settlement payable by BSTRM on the occurrence of a trigger event.

To measure derivative activity, notional or contract amounts are frequently used. Notional/contract amounts are used to calculate contractual cash flows to be exchanged and are generally not actually paid or received, with the exception of currency swaps, foreign exchange forwards and mortgage-backed securities forwards. The notional/contract amounts of financial instruments that give rise to off-balance-sheet market risk are indicative only to the extent of involvement in the particular class of financial instruments and are not necessarily an indication of overall market risk.

As of November 30, 2005 and November 30, 2004, the Company had notional/contract amounts of approximately $5.45 trillion and $3.50 trillion, respectively, of derivative financial instruments, of which $1.13 trillion and $692.0 billion, respectively, were listed futures and option contracts. The aggregate notional/contract value of derivative contracts is a reflection of the level of activity and does not represent the amounts that are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company’s derivative financial instruments outstanding, which either are used to hedge trading positions, modify the interest rate characteristics of its long- and short-term debt, or are part of its derivative dealer activities, are marked to fair value.

The Company’s derivatives had a notional weighted average maturity of approximately 4.1 years and 4.0 years at November 30, 2005 and November 30, 2004, respectively. The maturities of notional/contract amounts outstanding for derivative financial instruments as of November 30, 2005 were as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Less Than

 

One to Three

 

Three to Five

 

Greater Than

 

 

 

 

 

 

One Year

 

Years

 

Years

 

Five Years

 

Total

 



















 

(in billions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



















 

Swap agreements, including options, swaptions, caps, collars and floors

 

 

$

880.3

 

 

$

1,075.1

 

$

1,041.5

 

$

1,224.9

 

$

4,221.8

 

Futures contracts

 

 

 

285.4

 

 

 

160.3

 

 

24.1

 

 

 

 

469.8

 

Forward contracts

 

 

 

76.3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

76.3

 

Options held

 

 

 

383.7

 

 

 

112.3

 

 

1.3

 

 

0.2

 

 

497.5

 

Options written

 

 

 

145.3

 

 

 

38.5

 

 

1.6

 

 

0.2

 

 

185.6

 



















 

Total

 

 

$

1,771.0

 

 

$

1,386.2

 

$

1,068.5

 

$

1,225.3

 

$

5,451.0

 



















 

Percent of total

 

 

 

32.5

%

 

 

25.4

%

 

19.6

%

 

22.5

%

 

100.0

%



















 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These principles require management to make certain estimates and assumptions that could materially affect reported amounts in the financial statements (see Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). Critical accounting policies are those policies that are the most important to the financial statements and/or those that require significant management judgment related to matters that are uncertain.

58



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

Valuation of Financial Instruments

The Company has identified the valuation of financial instruments as a critical accounting policy due to the complex nature of certain of its products, the degree of judgment required to appropriately value these products and the pervasive impact of such valuation on the financial condition and earnings of the Company.

The Company’s financial instruments can be aggregated in three broad categories: (1) those whose fair value is based on quoted market prices or for which the Company has independent external valuations, (2) those whose fair value is determined based on readily observable price levels for similar instruments and/or models or methodologies that employ data that are observable from objective sources, and (3) those whose fair value is estimated based on internally developed models or methodologies utilizing significant assumptions or other data that are generally less readily observable from objective sources.

(1) Financial Instruments Valued Based on Quoted Market Prices or for Which the Company Has Independent External Valuations

The Company’s valuation policy is to use quoted market prices from securities and derivatives exchanges where they are available and reliable. Financial instruments valued based on quoted market prices are primarily exchange-traded derivatives and listed equities. Financial instruments that are most typically valued using alternative approaches but for which the Company typically receives independent external valuation information include US Treasuries, most mortgage-backed securities and corporate, emerging market, high yield and municipal bonds. Unlike most equities, which tend to be traded on exchanges, the vast majority of fixed income trading (including US Treasuries) occurs in over-the-counter markets, and, accordingly, the Company’s valuation policy is based on its best estimate of the prices at which these financial instruments trade in those markets. The Company is an active dealer in most of the over-the-counter markets for these financial instruments, and typically has considerable insight into the trading level of financial instruments held in inventory and/or related financial instruments that it uses as a basis for its valuation.

(2) Financial Instruments Whose Fair Value Is Determined Based on Internally Developed Models or Methodologies That Employ Data That Are Readily Observable from Objective Sources

The second broad category consists of financial instruments for which the Company does not receive quoted prices; therefore, models or other methodologies are utilized to value these financial instruments. Such models are primarily industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including time value, yield curve, volatility factors, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severity, current market and contractual prices for the underlying financial instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. Substantially all these assumptions are observable in the marketplace, can be derived from observable data or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. A degree of subjectivity is required to determine appropriate models or methodologies as well as appropriate underlying assumptions. This subjectivity makes these valuations inherently less reliable than quoted market prices. Financial instruments in this category include non-exchange-traded derivatives such as interest rate swaps, certain mortgage-backed securities and certain other cash instruments. For an indication of the Company’s involvement in derivatives, including maturity terms, see the table setting forth notional/contract amounts outstanding in the preceding “Derivative Financial Instruments” section.

(3) Financial Instruments Whose Fair Value Is Estimated Based on Internally Developed Models or Methodologies Utilizing Significant Assumptions or Other Data That Are Generally Less Readily Observable from Objective Sources

Certain complex financial instruments and other investments have significant data inputs that cannot be validated by reference to readily observable data. These instruments are typically illiquid, long dated or unique in nature and therefore engender considerable judgment by traders and their management who, as dealers in many of these

59



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

instruments, have the appropriate knowledge to estimate data inputs that are less readily observable. For certain instruments, extrapolation or other methods are applied to observed market or other data to estimate assumptions that are not observable.

The Company follows Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Statement No. 02-3, “Issues Involved in Accounting for Derivative Contracts Held for Trading Purposes and Contracts Involved in Energy Trading and Risk Management Activities.” This guidance generally eliminates the practice of recognizing profit at the inception of a derivative contract unless the fair value of the derivative is obtained from a quoted market price in an active market or is otherwise evidenced by comparison to other observable current market transactions or based on a valuation technique that incorporates observable market data.

The Company participates in the underwriting, securitization or trading of non-performing mortgage-related assets, real estate assets and certain residuals. In addition, the Company has a portfolio of Chapter 13 and other credit card receivables from individuals. Certain of these high yield positions have limited price observability. In these instances, fair values are determined by statistical analysis of historical cash flows, default probabilities, recovery rates, time value of money and discount rates considered appropriate given the level of risk in the instrument and associated investor yield requirements.

The Company is also engaged in structuring and acting as principal in complex derivative transactions. Complex derivatives include certain long-dated equity derivatives, certain credit and municipal derivatives and other exotic derivative structures. These non-exchange-traded instruments may have immature or limited markets and, by their nature, involve complex valuation methodologies and models, which are often refined to correlate with the market risk of these instruments.

At November 30, 2005 and November 30, 2004, the total value of all financial instruments whose fair value is estimated based on internally developed models or methodologies utilizing significant assumptions or other data that are generally less readily observable from objective sources (primarily fixed income cash positions) aggregated approximately $6.7 billion and $4.0 billion, respectively, in “Financial Instruments Owned” and $3.4 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively, in “Financial Instruments Sold, But Not Yet Purchased” in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Controls Over Valuation of Financial Instruments

In recognition of the importance the Company places on the accuracy of its valuation of financial instruments as described in the three categories above, the Company engages in an ongoing internal review of its valuations. Members of the Controllers and Risk Management Departments perform analysis of internal valuations, typically on a monthly basis but often on an intra-month basis as well. These departments are independent of the trading areas responsible for valuing the positions. Results of the monthly validation process are reported to the Mark-to-Market (“MTM”) Committee, which is composed of senior management from the Risk Management and Controllers Departments. The MTM Committee is responsible for ensuring that the approaches used to independently validate the Company’s valuations are robust, comprehensive and effective. Typical approaches include valuation comparisons with external sources, comparisons with observed trading, independent comparisons of key model valuation inputs, independent trade modeling and a variety of other techniques.

Merchant Banking

As part of its merchant banking activities, the Company participates from time to time in principal investments in leveraged transactions. As part of these activities, the Company originates, structures and invests in merger, acquisition, restructuring and leveraged capital transactions, including leveraged buyouts. The Company’s principal investments in

60



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

these transactions are generally made in the form of equity investments, equity-related investments or subordinated loans and have not historically required significant levels of capital investment.

Equity interests and securities acquired as a result of leveraged acquisition transactions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements at their initial cost until significant transactions or developments indicate that a change in the carrying value of the securities is appropriate. Generally, the carrying values of these securities will be increased only in those instances where market values are readily ascertainable by reference to substantial transactions occurring in the marketplace or quoted market prices. If quoted market prices are not available, or if liquidating the Company’s position is reasonably expected to affect market prices, fair value is determined based on other relevant factors. Reductions to the carrying value of these securities are made in the event that the Company’s estimate of net realizable value has declined below the carrying value. See “Merchant Banking and Private Equity Investments” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis for additional details.

Legal, Regulatory and Tax Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company has been named as a defendant in various legal actions, including arbitrations, class actions and other litigation. Certain of the legal actions include claims for substantial compensatory and/or punitive damages or claims for indeterminate amounts of damages. The Company is also involved in other reviews, investigations and proceedings by governmental and self-regulatory agencies regarding the Company’s business, certain of which may result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, injunctions or other relief.

Reserves for litigation and regulatory proceedings are generally determined on a case-by-case basis and represent an estimate of probable losses after considering, among other factors, the progress of each case, prior experience, and the experience of others in similar cases, and the opinions and views of internal and external legal counsel. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable, particularly in cases where claimants seek substantial or indeterminate damages or where investigations and proceedings are in the early stages, the Company cannot predict with certainty the loss or range of loss related to such matters, how such matters will be resolved, when they will ultimately be resolved, or what the eventual settlement, fine, penalty or other relief might be.

The Company is subject to the income tax laws of the United States, its states and municipalities and those of the foreign jurisdictions in which the Company has significant business operations. These tax laws are complex and subject to different interpretations by the taxpayer and the relevant governmental taxing authorities. The Company must make judgments and interpretations about the application of these inherently complex tax laws when determining the provision for income taxes and must also make estimates about when in the future certain items affect taxable income in the various tax jurisdictions. Disputes over interpretations of the tax laws may be settled with the taxing authority upon examination or audit. The Company regularly evaluates the likelihood of assessments in each of the taxing jurisdictions resulting from current and subsequent years’ examinations and tax reserves are established as appropriate.

The Company establishes reserves for potential losses that may arise out of litigation, regulatory proceedings and tax audits to the extent that such losses are probable and can be estimated, in accordance with SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies.” Once established, reserves are adjusted as additional information becomes available or when an event requiring a change to the reserves occurs. Significant judgment is required in making these estimates and the ultimate resolution may differ materially from the amounts reserved.

ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING DEVELOPMENTS

In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123 (R), “Share-Based Payment.” SFAS No. 123 (R) is a revision of SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” and supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and amends SFAS No. 95, “Statement of Cash Flows.” SFAS No. 123 (R) eliminates the ability to account for share-based compensation transactions using APB Opinion No. 25 and requires all share-based

61



MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

continued

payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the financial statements using a fair value-based method. Effective December 1, 2002, the Company elected to adopt fair value accounting for stock-based compensation consistent with SFAS No. 123 using the prospective method with guidance provided by SFAS No. 148. In April 2005, the SEC amended the effective date of SFAS No. 123 (R) to provide additional time for companies to comply with the reporting requirements. The Company adopted SFAS No. 123 (R), as required, on December 1, 2005, using the modified prospective method. The Company does not expect that adoption of this standard will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

In June 2005, the EITF reached a consensus on EITF Issue No. 04-5, “Determining Whether a General Partner, or the General Partners as a Group, Controls a Limited Partnership or Similar Entity When the Limited Partners Have Certain Rights.” The EITF consensus requires a general partner in a limited partnership to consolidate the limited partnership unless the presumption of control is overcome. The general partner may overcome this presumption of control and not consolidate the entity if the limited partners have: (a) the substantive ability to dissolve or liquidate the limited partnership or otherwise remove the general partner without having to show cause; or (b) substantive participating rights in managing the partnership. This guidance became effective upon ratification by the FASB on June 29, 2005 for all newly formed limited partnerships and for existing limited partnerships for which the partnership agreements have been modified. For all other limited partnerships, the guidance is effective no later than the beginning of the first reporting period in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005. The Company does not expect the EITF consensus on EITF issue No. 04-5 to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

SPECIALIST ACTIVITIES

The Company participates, through a majority-owned joint venture, in specialist activities on the NYSE, AMEX and ISE. For fiscal 2003, the Company included revenues from specialist activities in “Principal Transactions” revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Due to the occurrence of a Control Event as defined by the joint venture Operating Agreement, triggered in December 2003, the Company became the controlling shareholder. As a result, commencing in fiscal 2004, the Company began consolidating this entity.

EFFECTS OF INFLATION

The Company’s assets are primarily recorded at their current market value and, to a large extent, are liquid in nature. The rate of inflation affects the Company’s expenses, such as employee compensation, office leasing costs, information technology and communications charges, which may not be readily recoverable in the price of services offered by the Company. In addition, to the extent that inflation causes interest rates to rise and has other adverse effects on the securities markets and on the value of securities held in inventory, it may adversely affect the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

62



THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.

RISK MANAGEMENT

OVERALL

The Company’s principal business activities engender significant market and credit risks. In addition, the Company is subject to operational, legal, funding and other risks. Effective identification, assessment and management of these risks are critical to the success and stability of the Company. As a result, comprehensive risk management procedures have been established to identify, monitor and control each of these major risks. The risk management process encompasses many units independent of the trading desks, including the Risk Management, Global Credit, Global Clearing Services, Controllers, Operations, Compliance, Legal and Financial Analytics & Structured Transactions (“F.A.S.T.”) Departments. The Company’s diverse securities industry activities help to reduce the impact that volatility in any particular market may have on its net revenues. The Treasurer’s Department is independent of trading units and is responsible for the Company’s funding and liquidity risk management. Funding and liquidity risk management are discussed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section.

The Company has established various management committees that have responsibilities for monitoring and oversight of its activities and risk exposures. Some of these committees are described below.

The Executive Committee is the most senior management committee of the Company. The ultimate approval of decisions regarding the Company’s risk appetite and risk-taking capacity rests with the Executive Committee.

The Management & Compensation Committee has primary responsibility for hiring approvals and compensation-related issues. In addition, a number of decisions regarding business risk and other issues are delegated to the Management & Compensation Committee from the Executive Committee.

The Operations Committee is composed of senior managing directors from various departments, primarily representing key internal control functions. The Operations Committee ensures the coordination of key operational, control and regulatory issues across the Company.

The Risk Committee is composed of senior managing directors from each trading department as well as the Risk Management Department. The Risk Committee provides a high level of oversight to trading departments and their trading strategies.

The Credit Policy Committee is composed of senior risk, legal and business managers. The Credit Policy Committee delegates credit approval authority to the Global Credit Committee, approves exposure measurement standards, reviews concentrations of credit risk, sets documentation and credit support standards, and considers new or unusual credit-related transactions.

The Global Credit Committee, which includes several members of the Credit Policy Committee, implements policy through its review and approval of counterparty credit limits.

The Model Review Committee is composed of senior members of the Risk Management, Global Credit and F.A.S.T. Departments, as well as senior business unit managers who have experience developing and using trading models. The Model Review Committee works with staff of the Risk Management Department to ensure that trading models are independently vetted and controlled.

The Principal Activities Committee is composed of senior investment banking, capital markets, credit and risk management professionals. The Principal Activities Committee reviews and approves loan underwriting proposals. Certain leveraged loan commitments, as well as large or unusual credit extensions, are referred by this committee for approval to the Company’s Executive Committee.

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RISK MANAGEMENT

continued

The Mark-to-Market (MTM) Committee is composed of senior management from the Risk Management and Controllers Departments. The MTM Committee is responsible for ensuring that the approaches used to independently validate the Company’s valuations are robust, comprehensive and effective.

The New Products and Special Structured Transactions Committee is composed of senior management from various departments. The New Products and Special Structured Transactions Committee is responsible for ensuring that identified new businesses and products are reviewed in advance for legal, credit, operational, accounting, market and reputation risk and related concerns. The New Products and Special Structured Transactions Committee meets on a regular basis to review new business proposals and address-related issues.

The Disclosure Committee is composed of senior members of management, including the chief financial officer, controller and general counsel. The Disclosure Committee has oversight responsibilities for assisting in the review of disclosures to be made by the Company to help ensure that they are complete and accurate, fairly represent the Company’s financial condition and are in compliance with the requirements of applicable securities laws, rules and regulations of the NYSE.

The Company’s Ethics Compliance Committee is composed of the Company’s ethics compliance officer and senior management from various departments, including Administration, Legal and Compliance. The Ethics Compliance Committee is responsible for administering and enforcing the Company’s Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and ethics-related standards and procedures adopted by the Corporate Governance Committee. The Ethics Compliance Committee also evaluates potential conflicts of interest between the Company and its officers.

MARKET RISK

Market risk generally represents the risk of loss that may result from the potential change in the value of a financial instrument as a result of fluctuations in interest and currency exchange rates, equity and futures prices, changes in the implied volatility of interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity and futures prices, and price deterioration or changes in value due to changes in market perception or actual credit quality of either the issuer or its country of origin. Market risk can be exacerbated in times of illiquidity where market participants refrain from transacting in normal quantities and/or at normal bid-offer spreads. Market risk is inherent to both cash and derivative financial instruments and, accordingly, the scope of the Company’s market risk management procedures includes all market risk-sensitive financial instruments. The Company’s exposure to market risk is directly related to its role as a financial intermediary in customer trading transactions and to its proprietary trading, investment and arbitrage activities.

The Company makes dealer markets in investment grade corporate debt, non-investment-grade corporate (“high yield”) debt, US government securities, sovereign debt, emerging markets debt obligations, mortgages and mortgage-backed securities, other collateralized securities and municipal bonds. The Company is also an active market maker and conducts block trading activities in both listed and over-the-counter equity markets. In connection with these activities, the Company may be required to maintain significant inventories to ensure availability and to facilitate customer order flow. The Company is also engaged as a dealer in both listed and over-the-counter derivatives and, accordingly, enters into transactions such as interest rate and cross-currency swaps, over-the-counter options on interest rates and foreign currencies, various credit default swaps and equity swaps and options, all as part of its customer and proprietary trading activities. In connection with these activities, the Company attempts to mitigate its exposure to market risk by entering into hedging transactions, which may include listed and over-the-counter derivatives contracts or the purchase or sale of securities, financial futures and options on futures or forward contracts. Additionally, the Company has a controlling interest in a majority-owned joint venture that transacts in specialist activities on the NYSE, AMEX and ISE. Stock exchange rules require that specialists maintain an orderly market, including purchasing shares in a declining market, which may result in trading losses.

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RISK MANAGEMENT

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The Company’s arbitrage activities are designed to take advantage of market price discrepancies in securities trading in different markets, between related products or derivative instruments. Arbitrage activities involve maintaining offsetting positions in other financial instruments. In many instances, the Company may be required to purchase or sell derivative financial instruments as part of the arbitrage of a cash market security. These transactions may involve forward-settling transactions such as forwards or futures, where the objective may be to capture differences in the time value of money, or options transactions, which seek to capture differences between the expected and actual volatility of the underlying instrument. The Company attempts to mitigate market risk in these activities by entering into hedging transactions.

Managing risk at the Company begins with the expertise and experience of trading department management. Senior managing directors in each department have extensive knowledge of the specialized products, markets and activities in which they do business. Their experience and insight are supplemented by risk management procedures that monitor and evaluate the Company’s risk profile. Those procedures begin with the Company marking its financial instruments owned to fair value on a daily basis and producing daily profit and loss statements for senior management covering all trading departments.

The cornerstone of these procedures is constant communication between trading department management and senior management concerning inventory positions and market risk profile. This process culminates each week with the trading departments making formal reports of positions, profits and losses and certain trading strategies to the Risk Committee.

The Company believes that a clear understanding of how its positions generate profit or loss on a daily basis is crucial to managing risk. Many of the independent units are actively involved in ensuring the integrity and clarity of the daily profit and loss statements. Activities include daily and monthly price verification procedures, position reconciliation, review of pricing models and review of recording of complex transactions. Furthermore, the Company uses market-based credit pricing to estimate the appropriate credit reserves associated with certain counterparty credit exposures.

In addition, trading desk management, senior management and independent units also review the age and composition of proprietary accounts and review risk reports appropriate to the risk profile of each trading activity. Risk limits are established and monitored, market conditions are evaluated, certain transactions are reviewed in detail, and quantitative methods such as value-at-risk and stress testing are employed (see “Value-at-Risk”). These procedures better ensure that trading strategies are followed within acceptable risk parameters.

The Risk Management Department is independent of all trading areas and reports to the chief risk officer. The goals of the department are to understand the market risk profile of each trading area, to consolidate common risks on a firmwide basis, to articulate large trading or position risks to senior management, to provide traders with perspectives on their positions and to better ensure accurate mark-to-market pricing. The department supplements the communication between trading managers and senior management by providing its independent perspective on the Company’s market risk profile via a daily risk highlights report that is distributed to a number of senior managers in the Company.

The Company is an active participant in over-the-counter markets, including derivatives, commercial and residential mortgage loans, leveraged loans and Chapter 13 and other credit card receivables. The nature of many of these financial instruments is such that they are valued through the use of models. The complexities and reduced transparency inherent in financial instruments that are valued using models, as compared with exchange-traded prices or other quoted market valuations, introduce a particular element of operational risk into the Company’s business. In most cases, internal valuation models are developed by staff within the F.A.S.T. Department. Traders and trading management supplement and review the development efforts. A further level of review is performed by the independent model review team within the Risk Management Department. Results of the independent model review process are presented to the Model

65



RISK MANAGEMENT

continued

Review Committee. In certain cases, the Company is also able to compare its model-based valuations with counterparties in conjunction with collateral exchange agreements. Senior trading managers and independent Risk Management also emphasize the importance of two-way trading in financial instruments valued using models in order to verify the accuracy of the models. While the Company believes these controls to be effective, it is also important to note that the risk of model-based valuations is inherent in a number of the Company’s activities.

Following is a discussion of the Company’s primary market risk exposures as of November 30, 2005 and November 30, 2004, including a discussion of how those exposures are currently managed. The following discussion of the Company’s risk management procedures for its principal risks and the estimated amounts of the Company’s market risk exposure generated by the Company’s statistical analyses contains forward-looking statements. The analyses used to assess such risks are not predictions of future events, and actual results may vary significantly from such analyses due to events in the markets in which the Company operates and certain other factors as described herein.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk is a consequence of maintaining market-making and proprietary inventory positions and trading in interest rate-sensitive financial instruments. In connection with the Company’s dealer and arbitrage activities, including market making in over-the-counter derivatives contracts, the Company exposes itself to interest rate risk arising from changes in the level or volatility of interest rates, mortgage prepayment speeds or the level and shape of the yield curve. The Company’s fixed income activities also expose it to the risk of loss related to changes in credit spreads on debt instruments. Credit spread risk arises from the potential that changes in an issuer’s credit rating or credit perception could affect the value of financial instruments. Credit risk resulting from default on counterparty obligations is discussed in the “Credit Risk” section. The Company attempts to hedge its exposure to interest rate risk primarily through the use of interest rate swaps, options, eurodollar and US government securities, and futures and forward contracts designed to reduce the Company’s risk profile. Credit spread risk is hedged through the use of credit derivatives such as credit default swaps, as well as offsetting long or short positions in various related securities.

Foreign Exchange Rate Risk

Foreign exchange rate risk arises from the possibility that changes in foreign exchange rates will affect the value of financial instruments. When the Company buys or sells a foreign currency or a financial instrument denominated in a currency other than US dollars, exposure exists from a net open currency position. Until the position is covered by selling or buying the equivalent amount of the same currency or by entering into a financing arrangement denominated in the same currency, the Company is exposed to the risk that the exchange rate may move against it. The Company attempts to hedge the risk arising from its foreign exchange activities primarily through the use of currency borrowing, swaps, options, forwards and futures.

Equity Price Risk

The Company is exposed to equity price risk through making markets in equity securities, distressed debt, equity derivatives as well as specialist activities. Equity price risk results from changes in the level or volatility of equity prices, which affect the value of equity securities or instruments that derive their value from a particular stock, a basket of stocks or a stock index. The Company attempts to reduce the risk of loss inherent in its inventory of equity securities by entering into hedging transactions, including equity options and futures, designed to mitigate the Company’s market risk profile.

Value-at-Risk

An estimation of potential losses that could arise from changes in market conditions is typically accomplished through the use of statistical models known as value-at-risk (“VaR”) that seek to predict risk of loss based on historical and/or market-implied price and volatility patterns. VaR estimates the probability of the value of a financial instrument rising above or falling below a specified amount. The calculation uses the simulated changes in value of the market risk-

66



RISK MANAGEMENT

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sensitive financial instruments to estimate the amount of change in the current value that could occur at a specified probability level.

The Company has performed an entity-wide VaR analysis of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities, including financial instruments owned and sold, repurchase and resale agreements and funding assets and liabilities. The Company regularly evaluates and enhances such VaR models in an effort to more accurately measure risk of loss. Certain equity-method investments and non-publicly traded investments are not reflected in the VaR results. The VaR related to certain non-trading financial instruments has been included in this analysis and is not reported separately because the amounts are not material. The calculation is based on a methodology that uses a one-day interval and a 95% confidence level. The Company uses a historical simulation approach for VaR, which is supplemented by statistical risk add-ons for risk factors that do not lend themselves readily to historical simulation. Historical simulation involves the generation of price movements in a portfolio using price sensitivities, and actual historical movements of the underlying risk factors to which the securities are sensitive. Risk factors incorporated via historical simulation include interest rate movements, yield curve shape, general market credit spreads, equity price movement, option volatility movement (for certain option types) and foreign exchange movement, among others. Risk factors incorporated via add-on factors include the risk of specific bond issuers, among others. The Company believes that its VaR methodologies are consistent with industry practices for these calculations.

VaR has inherent limitations, including reliance on historical data, which may not accurately predict future market risk, and the quantitative risk information generated is limited by the parameters established in creating the models. There can be no assurance that actual losses occurring on any one day arising from changes in market conditions will not exceed the VaR amounts shown below or that such losses will not occur more than once in 20 trading days. VaR is not likely to accurately predict exposures in markets that exhibit sudden fundamental changes or shifts in market conditions or established trading relationships. Many of the Company’s hedging strategies are structured around likely established trading relationships and, consequently, those hedges may not be effective and VaR models may not accurately predict actual results. Furthermore, VaR calculated for a one-day horizon does not fully capture the market risk of positions that cannot be liquidated in a one-day period. However, the Company believes VaR models are an established methodology for the quantification of risk in the financial services industry despite these limitations. VaR is best used in conjunction with other financial disclosures in order to assess the Company’s risk profile.

The aggregate VaR presented here is less than the sum of the individual components (i.e., interest rate risk, foreign exchange rate risk, equity risk), due to the benefit of diversification among the risks. Diversification benefit equals the difference between aggregate VaR and the sum of the VaRs for the three risk categories. This benefit arises because the simulated one-day losses for each of the three primary market risk categories occur on different days and because of general diversification benefits introduced when risk is measured across a larger set of specific risk factors than exist in the respective categories; similar diversification benefits also are taken into account across risk factors within each category. The following table illustrates the VaR for each component of market risk as of November 30, 2005 and 2004. Commodity risk has been excluded due to immateriality at November 30, 2005 and 2004.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 








 

(in millions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 








 

MARKET RISK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate

 

 

$

22.1

 

 

$

15.3

 

Currency

 

 

 

0.3

 

 

 

1.4

 

Equity

 

 

 

3.6

 

 

 

2.8

 

Diversification benefit

 

 

 

(4.6

)

 

 

(4.7

)








 

Aggregate VaR

 

 

$

21.4

 

 

$

14.8

 








 

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RISK MANAGEMENT

continued

The table below illustrates the high, low and average VaR for each component of market risk and aggregate market risk during fiscal 2005 (calculated on a daily basis) and fiscal 2004 (calculated on a monthly basis):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fiscal 2005

 

 

 

Fiscal 2004

 

 

 


 

 



 

 

 

High

 

Low

 

Average

 

 

 

High

 

Low

 

Average

 








 

 







 

(in millions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 








 

 







 

MARKET RISK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate

 

$

30.6

 

$

11.9

 

$

22.1

 

 

 

$

16.3

 

$

13.3

 

$

15.1

 

Currency

 

 

3.4

 

 

0.0

 

 

1.2

 

 

 

 

2.2

 

 

0.7

 

 

1.5

 

Equity

 

 

5.3

 

 

0.7

 

 

2.9

 

 

 

 

7.2

 

 

2.7

 

 

4.6

 

Aggregate VaR

 

 

31.4

 

 

11.9

 

 

20.5

 

 

 

 

17.4

 

 

14.4

 

 

15.8

 








 

 







 

As previously discussed, the Company utilizes a wide variety of market risk management methods, including trading limits; marking all positions to market on a daily basis; daily profit and loss statements; position reports; daily risk highlight reports; aged inventory position reports; and independent verification of inventory pricing. Additionally, management of each trading department reports positions, profits and losses and notable trading strategies to the Risk Committee on a weekly basis. The Company believes that these procedures, which stress timely communication among traders, trading department management and senior management, are the most important elements of the risk management process.

Stress testing (also referred to as scenario analysis) measures the risk of loss over a variety of extreme market conditions that are defined in advance. Stress testing is a key methodology used in the management of market risk as well as counterparty credit risk (see “Credit Risk”). Stress tests are calculated at the firmwide level for particular trading books, customer accounts and individual positions. Stress tests are performed on a regular basis as well as on an ad hoc basis, as deemed appropriate. The ongoing evaluation process of trading risks as well as the consideration of new trading positions commonly incorporates an ad hoc discussion of “what-if” stressed market conditions and their impact on profitability. This analysis varies in its degree of formality based on the judgment of trading department management, risk management and senior managers. While the Company recognizes that no methodology can perfectly predict future market conditions, it believes that these tools are an important supplement to the Company’s risk management process. The Company expects to continue to develop and refine its formal stress testing methodologies.

The following chart represents a summary of the daily principal transactions revenues and reflects a combination of trading revenues, net interest revenues for certain trading areas and other revenues for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005 and 2004. The chart represents a historical summary of the results generated by the Company’s trading activities as opposed to the probability approach used by the VaR model. The average daily trading profit was $15.2 million and $14.2 million for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively. There were nine daily trading losses for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005 and eight daily trading losses for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2004. Daily trading losses never exceeded the reported average VaR amounts during the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005 and 2004. The frequency distribution of the Company’s daily net trading revenues reflects the Company’s historical ability to manage its exposure to market risk and the diversified nature of its trading activities. Market conditions were favorable for the Company’s trading activity in both its fiscal years ending November 30, 2005 and 2004. Hedging strategies were generally effective as established trading relationships remained substantially intact and volatility tended to be lower than historical norms. No guarantee can be given regarding future net trading revenues or future earnings volatility. However, the Company believes that these results are indicative of its commitment to the management of market trading risk.

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DISTRIBUTION OF DAILY NET TRADING REVENUES

FISCAL YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 30, 2005 AND NOVEMBER 30, 2004

(BAR GRAPH)

CREDIT RISK

Credit risk arises from potential non-performance by counterparties, customers, borrowers or debt security issuers. The Company is exposed to credit risk as trading counterparty to dealers and customers, as direct lender, as holder of securities and as member of exchanges and clearing organizations. The Company has established policies and procedures to manage credit risk.

Dedicated professionals in several departments contribute to the administration of the Company’s credit policies and procedures. The responsible groups include Global Credit, Operations and Administration (Margin), Risk Management, Global Clearing Services (Prime Brokerage) and Investment Banking.

The Global Credit Department monitors and controls extensions of credit to customers and dealer counterparties and, in conjunction with the Credit Policy Committee and its subcommittee, the Global Credit Committee, establishes and reviews appropriate credit limits and collateral requirements for customers and dealer counterparties. Credit limits are set to control potential exposure arising from repurchase and resale agreements, stock borrowing or loan facilities, derivative financial instruments and other products that may give rise to secured and unsecured credit exposure.

The Global Credit Department professionals assess the creditworthiness of the Company’s counterparties, assign an internal credit rating that reflects the Global Credit Department’s quantitative and qualitative assessment of each counterparty’s relative probability of default, and assign or recommend credit limits and requirements. In addition, credit and quantitative analysts assess the quality and acceptability of collateral, measure potential credit exposure associated with certain transactions, monitor compliance with credit limits, obtain appropriate legal documentation and provide comprehensive credit risk reporting for senior management.

69



RISK MANAGEMENT

continued

The Company measures its actual credit exposure (the replacement cost of counterparty contracts) on a daily basis. Master netting agreements, collateral and credit insurance are used to mitigate counterparty credit risk. The credit exposures reflect these risk-reducing features to the extent they are legally enforceable. The Company’s net replacement cost of derivatives contracts in a gain position at November 30, 2005 and November 30, 2004 approximated $4.41 billion and $4.56 billion, respectively. Exchange-traded financial instruments, which typically are guaranteed by a highly rated clearing organization, have margin requirements that substantially mitigate risk of credit loss.

The following table summarizes the counterparty credit quality of the Company’s exposure with respect to over-the-counter derivatives (including foreign exchange and forward-settling mortgage transactions) as of November 30, 2005:

Over-the-Counter Derivatives Credit Exposure(1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rating(2)

 

Exposure

 

Collateral(3)

 

Exposure,
Net of
Collateral(4)

 

Percentage
of Exposure,
Net of
Collateral

 










 

(in millions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 










 

AAA

 

$

1,286

 

$

156

 

$

1,189

 

 

27

%

AA

 

 

3,654

 

 

1,953

 

 

1,805

 

 

41

%

A

 

 

2,361

 

 

1,410

 

 

1,030

 

 

23

%

BBB

 

 

312

 

 

361

 

 

161

 

 

4

%

BB and lower

 

 

1,342

 

 

2,914

 

 

191

 

 

4

%

Non-rated

 

 

37

 

 

5

 

 

37

 

 

1

%










 

(1) Excluded are covered transactions structured to ensure that the market values of collateral will at all times equal or exceed the related exposures. The net exposure for these transactions will, under all circumstances, be zero.

(2) Internal counterparty credit ratings, as assigned by the Company’s Credit Department, converted to rating agency equivalents.

(3) For lower-rated counterparties, the Company generally receives collateral in excess of the current market value of derivatives contracts.

(4) In calculating exposure net of collateral, collateral amounts are limited to the amount of current exposure for each counterparty. Excess collateral is not applied to reduce exposure because such excess in one counterparty portfolio cannot be applied to deficient collateral in a different counterparty portfolio.

The Company establishes potential exposure limits across a variety of financing and trading products for all counterparties on a group and individual entity basis. Potential exposure is the statistically estimated net credit exposure associated with adverse market moves over the life of transactions at a 97.7% confidence interval. For over-the-counter derivatives and foreign exchange contracts, the potential exposure is estimated daily, using sophisticated, internally developed risk models that employ Monte Carlo simulations. Potential exposure estimates consider the size and maturity of contracts; the volatility of, and correlations among, the underlying assets, indices and currencies; settlement mechanisms; rights to demand additional collateral; and other legally enforceable credit mitigants such as third-party guarantees or insurance. For other credit-sensitive fixed income products, potential exposure limits are converted to notional amounts using appropriate risk factors.

The Company establishes country concentration limits and monitors actual and potential exposures, including both position and counterparty exposures, in emerging markets. The Sovereign Risk Unit evaluates international macroeconomic conditions and recommends country concentration limits. The Company limits and monitors its exposure to sovereign default, devaluation and inconvertibility of local currencies.

The Margin Department is responsible for evaluating the risk of extending loans to the Company’s customers secured by certain marketable securities. The department evaluates the acceptability of collateral and actively monitors to ensure that collateral received meets regulatory and internal requirements. Internal (or “house”) margin requirements generally exceed minimum regulatory requirements and may be adjusted for specific securities based on volatility or

70



RISK MANAGEMENT

continued

liquidity. The Special Credit Services unit of the Global Credit Department evaluates and sets terms for loans secured by restricted or control stock, emerging markets securities and concentrated or less liquid securities.

The Risk Management Department is responsible for monitoring the market risk of the Company’s proprietary positions. As part of its duties, the group evaluates the credit quality of securities positions held in inventory to quantify and limit the risk to the Company of issuer default or changes in credit spreads. In a similar manner, the department also evaluates the credit quality of reference issuer obligations associated with derivatives contracts whose values are linked to the credit quality or credit spread trading level of reference issuers. The department monitors issuer credit exposures across the various cash and derivatives trading desks that trade in securities or derivatives of the same or related issuers to monitor aggregate exposures. This process also aggregates counterparty credit exposures with issuer exposures to produce a more comprehensive perspective on the Company’s exposure to credit risks.

The Company is subject to concentration risk by holding large positions or committing to hold large positions in certain types of securities, securities of a single issuer, including governments, issuers located in a particular country or geographic area, or issuers engaged in a particular industry. Positions taken and commitments made by the Company, including underwriting, often involve substantial amounts and significant exposure to individual issuers and businesses, including non-investment-grade issuers. At November 30, 2005, the Company’s most significant concentrations are related to US government and agency inventory positions, including those of the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”). In addition, a substantial portion of the collateral held by the Company for reverse repurchase agreements consists of securities issued by the US government and agencies. The Company seeks to limit concentration risk through the use of the systems and procedures described in the preceding discussions of market and credit risk.

Global Clearing Services carries the accounts of professional clients, including floor traders and specialists, arbitrageurs, broker-dealers, hedge funds and fund of funds groups. These clients employ a wide variety of trading styles, including option hedging, market-neutral statistical arbitrage, risk arbitrage, hedged convertible strategies and multiple fixed income strategies. Trading strategies are employed in both domestic and international markets. The extension of credit, via secured margin debt for a given customer, is determined by the Risk Department of Global Clearing Services using a systematic analysis of the securities held and trading strategy that such customer employs. Global Clearing Services has established a risk-based margin lending policy under which the minimum capital requirement for a portfolio may be greater than the applicable regulatory capital requirement for the sum of the underlying constituents of that portfolio.

Client portfolios are analyzed and evaluated daily through extensive stress testing simulations designed to estimate market-related risk under different scenarios. Using its internally developed risk management system, known as RACS (Risk Analytic Control System), the Risk Department is able to analyze every professional client’s portfolio prior to each market opening and track that portfolio on an intra-day basis. Client positions are simulated across more than 200 different scenarios, resulting in a wide variety of potential profit and loss possibilities. Some basic assumptions used in the analysis are minimum portfolio moves of 20% as well as minimum moves in individual securities of 25% or more. Other scenarios include price movement tests of 1 and 2 standard deviations, fixed percentage moves and beta-weighted and market capitalization-driven extreme price moves. Scenarios are constructed in such a way as to assess position and portfolio sensitivities to changes in underlying prices, volatilities, interest rates, credit spreads, cross-currency rates and forward time horizons. Experienced managers review the results of the stress testing to determine whether additional margin is necessary. In addition to client-level security and portfolio analysis, the system produces over 40 various reports that provide multi-dimensional views, which include industry exposures, country/region exposures and security concentration and liquidity risk.

The Loan Portfolio Management Group is responsible for managing the credit risk in the Company’s loan portfolio. The group is responsible for evaluating transactions originated by investment bankers and advising on pricing or other

71



RISK MANAGEMENT

continued

considerations during the due diligence process. Specific portfolio limits have been established for the various types of lending, and there are formally approved guidelines for hedging the loan portfolio.

OPERATIONAL RISK

Operational risk is the potential for loss arising from inadequate or failed internal process, people or systems, or from external events. This includes, but is not limited to, limitations in the Company’s financial systems and controls, deficiencies in legal documentation, non-compliance with the execution of legal, regulatory and fiduciary responsibilities, deficiencies in technology and the risk of loss attributable to operational problems. These risks are less direct than credit and market risk, but managing them is critical, particularly in a rapidly changing environment with increasing regulation and transaction volumes. In an effort to reduce or mitigate these risks, the Company has established and maintains an internal control environment that incorporates various control mechanisms at different levels throughout the organization and within such departments as Controllers, Operations, Legal, Risk Management, Global Credit, Compliance and Internal Audit. These control mechanisms are designed to better ensure that operational policies and procedures are being followed and that the Company’s various businesses are operating within established corporate policies and limits.

In addition to these existing control mechanisms, the Company has an Operational Risk Management function with a view to facilitating internal communication, disclosure, and supervisory review of operational risk management practices. The Operational Risk Management function has responsibilities related to the development, consistent application and oversight of operational risk policies, processes and procedures firmwide. The function is independent of all business units and formally reports to the chief risk officer.

Management of the Company has established and maintains effective internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

The Company has invested heavily in technology over the years to have the ability to gather and process information efficiently and to handle the wide variety of products and services the Company offers. In addition, the Company’s investment in technology allows the Company to communicate information efficiently and securely to customers and to groups within the Company.

LEGAL RISK

Legal risk includes the risk of non-compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements and the risk that a counterparty will not perform on its obligations due to non-credit-related conditions, including counterparty legal authority and capacity. The Company is generally subject to extensive regulation in the various jurisdictions in which it conducts its business. The Company has established procedures based on legal and regulatory requirements on a worldwide basis that are designed to ensure compliance with applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. The Company has established policies and procedures in an effort to mitigate the risk that counterparty performance obligations will be unenforceable.

72



RISK MANAGEMENT

continued

OTHER RISKS

Other risks encountered by the Company include political, regulatory and tax risks. These risks reflect the potential impact that changes in local and international laws, regulatory requirements or tax statutes have on the economics and viability of current or future transactions. In an effort to mitigate these risks, the Company seeks to continuously review new and pending regulations and legislation and participates in various industry interest groups.

73



THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

Management of The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

The Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2005. In making this assessment, the Company’s management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on its assessment, management believes that, as of November 30, 2005, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.

The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm has audited management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2005, as stated in their report, appearing on page 75.

74



THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of The Bear Stearns Companies Inc.

We have audited management’s assessment, included in the accompanying The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, that The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2005, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on management’s assessment and an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating management’s assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinions.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, management’s assessment that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2005, is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2005, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated statement of financial condition as of November 30, 2005 and the related consolidated statements of income, cash flows and changes in stockholders’ equity for the year ended November 30, 2005 of the Company and our report dated February 10, 2006 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

New York, New York
February 10, 2006

75



THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of The Bear Stearns Companies Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition of The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of November 30, 2005 and 2004, and the related consolidated statements of income, cash flows and changes in stockholders’ equity for each of the three years in the period ended November 30, 2005. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. and subsidiaries as of November 30, 2005 and 2004, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended November 30, 2005, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

As discussed in Note 1, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” as amended by SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation–Transition and Disclosure, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 123,” in the fiscal year ended November 30, 2003.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2005, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 10, 2006 expressed an unqualified opinion on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

New York, New York
February 10, 2006

76



THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fiscal Years Ended November 30,

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 

2003

 










 

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 













 

REVENUES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commissions

 

 

$

1,200,454

 

 

$

1,178,074

 

$

1,077,926

 

Principal transactions

 

 

 

3,836,017

 

 

 

3,595,595

 

 

3,308,306

 

Investment banking

 

 

 

1,037,213

 

 

 

1,031,051

 

 

853,294

 

Interest and dividends

 

 

 

5,107,019

 

 

 

2,317,315

 

 

1,955,373

 

Asset management and other income

 

 

 

371,744

 

 

 

299,867

 

 

200,545

 













 

Total revenues

 

 

 

11,552,447

 

 

 

8,421,902

 

 

7,395,444

 

Interest expense

 

 

 

4,141,653

 

 

 

1,609,019

 

 

1,400,953

 













 

Revenues, net of interest expense

 

 

 

7,410,794

 

 

 

6,812,883

 

 

5,994,491

 













 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NON-INTEREST EXPENSES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Employee compensation and benefits

 

 

 

3,553,216

 

 

 

3,253,862

 

 

2,880,695

 

Floor brokerage, exchange and clearance fees

 

 

 

221,553

 

 

 

230,652

 

 

180,548

 

Communications and technology

 

 

 

401,673

 

 

 

369,176

 

 

365,317

 

Occupancy

 

 

 

167,825

 

 

 

141,916

 

 

137,778

 

Advertising and market development

 

 

 

126,678

 

 

 

113,800

 

 

106,506

 

Professional fees

 

 

 

229,198

 

 

 

197,086

 

 

133,304

 

Other expenses

 

 

 

503,592

 

 

 

484,237

 

 

418,074

 













 

Total non-interest expenses

 

 

 

5,203,735

 

 

 

4,790,729

 

 

4,222,222

 













 

Income before provision for income taxes

 

 

 

2,207,059

 

 

 

2,022,154

 

 

1,772,269

 

Provision for income taxes

 

 

 

744,882

 

 

 

677,421

 

 

615,863

 













 

Net income

 

 

$

1,462,177

 

 

$

1,344,733

 

$

1,156,406

 













 

Net income applicable to common shares

 

 

$

1,437,856

 

 

$

1,316,661

 

$

1,125,031

 













 

Basic earnings per share

 

 

$

11.42

 

 

$

10.88

 

$

9.44

 

Diluted earnings per share

 

 

$

10.31

 

 

$

9.76

 

$

8.52

 













 

Weighted average common shares outstanding:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

 

 

130,326,947

 

 

 

127,468,061

 

 

127,819,514

 

Diluted

 

 

 

147,467,992

 

 

 

145,284,589

 

 

145,027,266

 













 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note: Certain prior year items have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.

77



THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

As of November 30,

 

2005

 

 

2004

 







 

(in thousands, except share data)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 









 

ASSETS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

5,859,133

 

 

$

4,173,385

 

Cash and securities deposited with clearing organizations or segregated in compliance with federal regulations

 

 

5,269,676

 

 

 

4,422,698

 

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

 

 

42,647,603

 

 

 

45,395,149

 

Securities received as collateral

 

 

12,426,383

 

 

 

8,823,117

 

Securities borrowed

 

 

62,915,010

 

 

 

69,793,266

 

Receivables:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Customers

 

 

33,254,980

 

 

 

32,114,305

 

Brokers, dealers and others

 

 

3,544,806

 

 

 

2,934,347

 

Interest and dividends

 

 

433,305

 

 

 

315,686

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Financial instruments owned, at fair value

 

 

93,364,088

 

 

 

41,490,202

 

Financial instruments owned and pledged as collateral, at fair value

 

 

12,880,333

 

 

 

36,906,933

 

 

 







 

Total financial instruments owned, at fair value

 

 

106,244,421

 

 

 

78,397,135

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets of variable interest entities and mortgage loan special purpose entities

 

 

15,151,699

 

 

 

4,837,121

 

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $968,197 and $841,008 in 2005 and 2004, respectively

 

 

451,247

 

 

 

381,403

 

Other assets

 

 

4,436,970

 

 

 

4,362,282

 









 

Total Assets

 

$

292,635,233

 

 

$

255,949,894

 









 

LIABILITIES & STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Short-term borrowings

 

$

20,015,727

 

 

$

12,210,832

 

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase

 

 

66,131,617

 

 

 

58,604,250

 

Obligation to return securities received as collateral

 

 

12,426,383

 

 

 

8,823,117

 

Securities loaned

 

 

10,104,325

 

 

 

10,718,592

 

Payables:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Customers

 

 

73,231,067

 

 

 

79,383,952

 

Brokers, dealers and others

 

 

2,657,178

 

 

 

2,344,731

 

Interest and dividends

 

 

796,956

 

 

 

568,525

 

Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value

 

 

35,004,333

 

 

 

29,475,880

 

Liabilities of variable interest entities and mortgage loan special purpose entities

 

 

14,321,285

 

 

 

4,761,981

 

Accrued employee compensation and benefits

 

 

1,853,416

 

 

 

1,677,655

 

Other liabilities and accrued expenses

 

 

1,811,898

 

 

 

1,546,230

 









 

 

 

 

238,354,185

 

 

 

210,115,745

 









 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Long-term borrowings

 

 

43,489,616

 

 

 

36,843,277

 









 

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Preferred stock

 

 

372,326

 

 

 

448,148

 

Common stock, $1.00 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized as of November 30, 2005 and 2004; 184,805,848 shares issued as of November 30, 2005 and 2004

 

 

184,806

 

 

 

184,806

 

Paid-in capital

 

 

4,109,166

 

 

 

3,548,379

 

Retained earnings

 

 

7,492,951

 

 

 

6,176,871

 

Employee stock compensation plans

 

 

2,600,186

 

 

 

2,666,879

 

Unearned compensation

 

 

(143,302

)

 

 

(158,662

)

Treasury stock, at cost:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock: 70,937,640 and 81,018,928 shares as of November 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively

 

 

(3,824,701

)

 

 

(3,875,549

)









 

Total Stockholders’ Equity

 

 

10,791,432

 

 

 

8,990,872

 









 

Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

 

$

292,635,233

 

 

$

255,949,894

 









 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note: Certain prior year items have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.

78



THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fiscal Years Ended November 30,

 

2005

 

 

2004

 

2003

 









 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 












 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income

 

$

1,462,177

 

 

$

1,344,733

 

$

1,156,406

 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash used in operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-cash items included in net income:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

 

269,169

 

 

 

212,575

 

 

175,876

 

Deferred income taxes

 

 

112,937

 

 

 

(82,575

)

 

(184,830

)

Employee stock compensation plans

 

 

801,216

 

 

 

763,162

 

 

729,406

 

Other

 

 

7,489

 

 

 

8,598

 

 

10,467

 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and securities deposited with clearing organizations or segregated in compliance with federal regulations

 

 

(846,978

)

 

 

4,234,367

 

 

(1,556,927

)

Securities borrowed, net of securities loaned

 

 

6,263,989

 

 

 

7,595,123

 

 

(19,192,301

)

Net receivables from brokers, dealers and others

 

 

(552,783

)

 

 

2,996,454

 

 

(3,109,166

)

Financial instruments owned

 

 

(30,298,934

)

 

 

(21,418,456

)

 

(5,307,641

)

Other assets

 

 

(831,155

)

 

 

(672,940

)

 

(222,153

)

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase, net of securities purchased under agreements to resell

 

 

10,274,913

 

 

 

(432,360

)

 

5,677,494

 

Net payables to customers

 

 

(7,293,560

)

 

 

(1,750,367

)

 

13,311,105

 

Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased

 

 

5,528,453

 

 

 

2,366,733

 

 

2,687,874

 

Accrued employee compensation and benefits

 

 

170,966

 

 

 

302,727

 

 

214,691

 

Other liabilities and accrued expenses

 

 

920,154

 

 

 

2,355,022

 

 

392,248

 












 

Cash used in operating activities

 

 

(14,011,947

)

 

 

(2,177,204

)

 

(5,217,451

)












 

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Purchases of property, equipment and leasehold improvements

 

 

(202,911

)

 

 

(128,433

)

 

(36,711

)












 

Cash used in investing activities

 

 

(202,911

)

 

 

(128,433

)

 

(36,711

)












 

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net proceeds from (payments for) short-term borrowings

 

 

7,804,896

 

 

 

(1,176,830

)

 

(1,022,164

)

Proceeds from issuances of long-term borrowings

 

 

15,996,998

 

 

 

11,248,786

 

 

11,198,660

 

Payments for retirement/repurchase of long-term borrowings

 

 

(7,273,206

)

 

 

(6,653,510

)

 

(6,066,144

)

Proceeds from issuances of derivatives with a financing element, net

 

 

254,771

 

 

 

273,849

 

 

501,907

 

Redemption of preferred stock issued by a subsidiary

 

 

 

 

 

(300,000

)

 

 

Issuance of common stock

 

 

201,851

 

 

 

235,812

 

 

78,004

 

Redemption of preferred stock

 

 

(75,822

)

 

 

(89,037

)

 

(27,659

)

Treasury stock purchases—common stock

 

 

(869,629

)

 

 

(780,827

)

 

(986,193

)

Cash dividends paid

 

 

(139,253

)

 

 

(116,791

)

 

(104,964

)












 

Cash provided by financing activities

 

 

15,900,606

 

 

 

2,641,452

 

 

3,571,447

 












 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

 

 

1,685,748

 

 

 

335,815

 

 

(1,682,715

)

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year

 

 

4,173,385

 

 

 

3,837,570

 

 

5,520,285

 












 

Cash and cash equivalents, end of year

 

$

5,859,133

 

 

$

4,173,385

 

$

3,837,570

 












 

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:

Cash payments for interest were $4.30 billion, $1.66 billion and $1.45 billion during the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively. Cash payments for income taxes were $156.2 million, $525.5 million and $503.3 million for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note: Certain prior year items have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.

79



THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Treasury Stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Adjustable-Rate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cumulative

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Employee

 

 

 

Preferred Stock,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common

 

 

 

 

 

Stock

 

 

 

Series A-$50

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Preferred

 

Stock

 

Paid-in

 

Retained

 

Compensation

 

Unearned

 

Liquidation

 

Common

 

 

 

 

 

Stock

 

$1 Par Value

 

Capital

 

Earnings

 

Plans

 

Compensation

 

Preference

 

Stock

 

Total

 




















 

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 




















 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BALANCE, NOVEMBER 30, 2002

 

$

692,832

 

$

184,806

 

$

2,866,290

 

$

3,909,272

 

$

2,213,979

 

$

(208,588

)  

$

(103,421

)  

$

(3,173,087

)  

$

6,382,083

 

Net income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,156,406

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,156,406

 

Dividends declared—

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common ($0.74 per share)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(80,318

)

 

7,333

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(72,985

)

Preferred

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(31,572

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(31,572

)

Treasury stock—

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock purchased

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(986,193

)

 

(986,193

)

(14,037,987 shares)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock issued out of treasury

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

17,934

 

 

 

 

 

(534,723

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

596,041

 

 

79,252

 

(16,585,635 shares)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Redemption of preferred stock

 

 

(154,417

)

 

 

 

 

22,617

 

 

720

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

103,421

 

 

 

 

 

(27,659

)

Income tax benefit related to distributions from employee stock compensation plans

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

247,475

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

247,475

 

Unearned employee stock compensation, net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

19,636

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

19,636

 

Employee stock compensation awards, net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

92,709

 

 

 

 

 

612,581

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

705,290

 

Amortization of preferred stock issue costs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1,645

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1,645

)





























 

BALANCE, NOVEMBER 30, 2003

 

$

538,415

 

$

184,806

 

$

3,245,380

 

$

4,954,508

 

$

2,299,170

 

$

(188,952

)

$

0

 

$

(3,563,239

)

$

7,470,088

 

Net income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,344,733

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,344,733

 

Dividends declared—

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common ($0.85 per share)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(94,888

)

 

7,199

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(87,689

)

Preferred

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(28,712

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(28,712

)

Treasury stock—

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock purchased

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(780,827

)

 

(780,827

)

(9,236,141 shares)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock issued out of treasury

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

41,631

 

 

 

 

 

(272,293

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

468,517

 

 

237,855

 

(10,454,157 shares)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Redemption of preferred stock

 

 

(90,267

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,230

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(89,037

)

Income tax benefit related to distributions from employee stock compensation plans

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

163,887

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

163,887

 

Unearned employee stock compensation, net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

30,290

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

30,290

 

Employee stock compensation awards, net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

98,940

 

 

 

 

 

632,803

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

731,743

 

Amortization of preferred stock issue costs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1,459

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1,459

)





























 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BALANCE, NOVEMBER 30, 2004

 

$

448,148

 

$

184,806

 

$

3,548,379

 

$

6,176,871

 

$

2,666,879

 

$

(158,662

)

$

0

 

$

(3,875,549

)

$

8,990,872

 





























 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

80



THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(CONTINUED)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Treasury Stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Adjustable-Rate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cumulative

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Employee

 

 

 

Preferred Stock,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common

 

 

 

 

 

Stock

 

 

 

Series A-$50

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Preferred

 

Stock

 

Paid-in

 

Retained

 

Compensation

 

Unearned

 

Liquidation

 

Common

 

 

 

 

 

Stock

 

$1 Par Value

 

Capital

 

Earnings

 

Plans

 

Compensation

 

Preference

 

Stock

 

Total

 




















 

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 




 

BALANCE, NOVEMBER 30, 2004

 

$

448,148

 

$

184,806

 

$

3,548,379

 

$

6,176,871

 

$

2,666,879

 

$

(158,662

)  

$

0

 

$

(3,875,549

)  

$

8,990,872

 

Net income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,462,177

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,462,177

 

Dividends declared—

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common ($1.00 per share)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(121,245

)

 

7,181

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(114,064

)

Preferred

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(24,852

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(24,852

)

Treasury stock—

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock purchased

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(8,483,483 shares)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(869,629

)

 

(869,629

)

Common stock issued out of treasury

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(18,565,624 shares)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12,776

 

 

 

 

 

(729,226

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

920,477

 

 

204,027

 

Redemption of preferred stock

 

 

(75,822

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(75,822

)

Income tax benefit related to distributions from employee stock compensation plans

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

426,055

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

426,055

 

Unearned employee stock compensation, net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

15,360

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

15,360

 

Employee stock compensation awards, net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

123,198

 

 

 

 

 

655,352

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

778,550

 

Amortization of preferred stock issue costs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1,242

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1,242

)





























 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BALANCE, NOVEMBER 30, 2005

 

$

372,326

 

$

184,806

 

$

4,109,166

 

$

7,492,951

 

$

2,600,186

 

$

(143,302

)

$

0

 

$

(3,824,701

)

$

10,791,432

 




 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

81



THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. (the “Company”) is a holding company that, through its broker-dealer and international bank subsidiaries, principally Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. (“Bear Stearns”), Bear, Stearns Securities Corp. (“BSSC”), Bear, Stearns International Limited (“BSIL”) and Bear Stearns Bank plc (“BSB”), is primarily engaged in business as a securities broker-dealer and operates in three principal segments: Capital Markets, Global Clearing Services and Wealth Management. Capital Markets comprises the institutional equities, fixed income and investment banking areas. Global Clearing Services provides clearance-related services for prime brokerage clients and clearance on a fully disclosed basis for introducing broker-dealers. Wealth Management comprises the private client services (“PCS”) and asset management areas. See Note 19, “Segment and Geographic Area Data,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company also conducts significant activities through other wholly owned subsidiaries, including: Bear Stearns Global Lending Limited; Custodial Trust Company; Bear Stearns Financial Products Inc.; Bear Stearns Capital Markets Inc.; Bear Stearns Credit Products Inc.; Bear Stearns Forex Inc.; EMC Mortgage Corporation; and Bear Stearns Commercial Mortgage, Inc. The Company participates, through a majority-owned joint venture, in specialist activities on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), American Stock Exchange (“AMEX”) and International Securities Exchange (“ISE”).

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and other entities in which the Company has a controlling interest. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 46 (R), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” (“FIN No. 46 (R)”), the Company also consolidates any variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which it is the primary beneficiary. The assets and related liabilities of such variable interest entities have been shown in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition in the captions “Assets of variable interest entities and mortgage loan special purpose entities” and “Liabilities of variable interest entities and mortgage loan special purpose entities.” See Note 6, “Variable Interest Entities and Mortgage Loan Special Purpose Entities,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

When the Company does not have a controlling interest in an entity, but exerts significant influence over the entity’s operating and financial decisions (generally defined as owning a voting or economic interest of 20% to 50%), the Company applies the equity method of accounting.

All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. During the quarter ended May 31, 2005, the Company changed the income statement presentation of certain servicing fees and asset-based retail investor advisory fees. All net servicing fees are included in the investment banking line on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Asset-based retail investor advisory fees are included in the asset management and other income line on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Within the Capital Markets segment, certain servicing fees have been reclassified from investment banking to fixed income. These reclassifications in both the Consolidated Statements of Income and the Capital Markets segment were made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year’s presentation.

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These principles require management to make certain estimates and assumptions, including those regarding inventory valuations, stock compensation, certain accrued liabilities and the potential outcome of litigation and tax matters, which may affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

82



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Proprietary securities, futures and other derivatives transactions are recorded on a trade date basis. Financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, including contractual commitments arising pursuant to futures, forward and option contracts, interest rate swaps and other derivative contracts, are recorded at fair value with the resulting net unrealized gains and losses reflected in “Principal Transactions” revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Fair value is generally based on quoted market prices. If quoted market prices are not available, or if liquidating the Company’s position is reasonably expected to affect market prices, fair value is determined based on other relevant factors, including dealer price quotations, price activity for equivalent instruments and valuation pricing models. Valuation pricing models consider time value, yield curve and volatility factors, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severity, current market and contractual prices for the underlying financial instruments, as well as other measurements.

The Company follows Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Statement No. 02-3, “Issues Involved in Accounting for Derivative Contracts Held for Trading Purposes and Contracts Involved in Energy Trading and Risk Management Activities.” This guidance generally eliminates the practice of recognizing profit at the inception of a derivative contract unless the fair value of the derivative is obtained from a quoted market price in an active market or is otherwise evidenced by comparison to other observable current market transactions or based on a valuation technique that incorporates observable market data.

Equity interests and securities acquired as a result of private equity and merchant banking activities are reflected in the consolidated financial statements at their initial costs until significant transactions or developments indicate that a change in the carrying value of the securities is appropriate. Generally, the carrying values of these securities will be increased only in those instances where market values are readily ascertainable by reference to substantial transactions occurring in the marketplace or quoted market prices. Reductions to the carrying value of these securities are made when the Company’s estimate of net realizable value has declined below the carrying value.

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

The Company follows Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” as amended by SFAS No. 138, “Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities,” and SFAS No. 149, “Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” which establishes accounting and reporting standards for stand-alone derivative instruments, derivatives embedded within other contracts or securities, and hedging activities. Accordingly, all derivatives, whether stand-alone or embedded within other contracts or securities (except in narrowly defined circumstances), are carried in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in current earnings in “Principal Transactions” revenues. Designated hedged items in fair value hedging relationships are marked for the risk being hedged, with such changes recorded in current earnings.

CUSTOMER TRANSACTIONS

Customer securities transactions are recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition on a settlement date basis, which is generally three business days after trade date, while the related commission revenues and expenses are recorded on a trade date basis. Receivables from and payables to customers include amounts related to both cash and margin transactions. Securities owned by customers, including those that collateralize margin or other similar transactions, are generally not reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

MORTGAGE SERVICING ASSETS, FEES AND ADVANCES

Mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”), which are included in “Other Assets” on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, are reported at the lower of amortized cost or market. MSRs are amortized in proportion to and over the

83



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

period of estimated net servicing income. MSRs are periodically evaluated for impairment based on the fair value of those rights determined by using market-based models that discount anticipated future net cash flows considering loan prepayment predictions, interest rates, default rates, servicing costs and other economic factors. For purposes of impairment evaluation and measurement, the Company stratifies MSRs by securitizations, which are collateralized by loans with similar predominant risk characteristics. The excess of amortized cost over market value is reflected as a valuation allowance at balance sheet dates.

Contractual servicing fees, late fees and other ancillary servicing fees earned for servicing mortgage loans are reflected net of MSR amortization and impairment in investment banking revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Contractual servicing fees are recognized when earned based on the terms of a servicing agreement. All other fees are recognized when received. In the normal course of its business, the Company makes principal, interest and other servicing advances to external investors on mortgage loans serviced for these investors. Such advances are generally recoverable from the mortgagors or from the proceeds received from the sales of the underlying properties. A charge to expense is recognized to the extent that servicing advances are estimated to be uncollectible under the provisions of the servicing contracts.

TRANSFERS AND SERVICING OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND EXTINGUISHMENTS OF LIABILITIES

The Company follows SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities—a Replacement of FASB Statement No. 125,” to account for securitizations and other transfers of financial assets and collateral. SFAS No. 140 establishes accounting and reporting standards with a financial-components approach that focuses on control. Under this approach, financial assets or liabilities are recognized when control is established and derecognized when control has been surrendered or the liability has been extinguished. Control is deemed to be relinquished only when all of the following conditions have been met: (1) the assets have been isolated from the transferor, even in bankruptcy or other receivership; (2) the transferee is a Qualifying Special Purpose Entity (“QSPE”) or has the right to pledge or exchange the assets received; and (3) the transferor has not maintained effective control over the transferred assets. The Company derecognizes financial assets transferred in securitizations provided that such transfer meets all of these criteria.

COLLATERALIZED SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS

Transactions involving purchases of securities under agreements to resell (“reverse repurchase agreements”) or sales of securities under agreements to repurchase (“repurchase agreements”) are treated as collateralized financing transactions and are recorded at their contracted resale or repurchase amounts plus accrued interest. Resulting interest income and expense is generally included in “Principal Transactions” revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Reverse repurchase agreements and repurchase agreements are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition on a net-by-counterparty basis, where permitted by generally accepted accounting principles. It is the Company’s general policy to take possession of securities with a market value in excess of the principal amount loaned plus the accrued interest thereon, in order to collateralize reverse repurchase agreements. Similarly, the Company is generally required to provide securities to counterparties to collateralize repurchase agreements. The Company’s agreements with counterparties generally contain contractual provisions allowing for additional collateral to be obtained, or excess collateral returned. It is the Company’s policy to value collateral and to obtain additional collateral, or to retrieve excess collateral from counterparties, when deemed appropriate.

Securities borrowed and securities loaned are recorded based upon the amount of cash collateral advanced or received. Securities borrowed transactions facilitate the settlement process and require the Company to deposit cash, letters of credit or other collateral with the lender. With respect to securities loaned, the Company receives collateral in the form of cash or other collateral. The amount of collateral required to be deposited for securities borrowed, or received for securities loaned, is an amount generally in excess of the market value of the applicable securities borrowed or loaned.

84



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

The Company monitors the market value of securities borrowed and loaned, with excess collateral retrieved or additional collateral obtained, when deemed appropriate.

INVESTMENT BANKING AND ADVISORY SERVICES

Underwriting revenues and fees for mergers and acquisitions advisory services are accrued when services for the transactions are substantially completed. Transaction expenses are deferred until the related revenue is recognized.

ASSET MANAGEMENT AND OTHER INCOME

The Company receives advisory fees for investment management. In addition, the Company receives performance incentive fees for managing certain funds. Advisory fees are recognized over the period of advisory service. Unearned advisory fees are treated as deferred revenues and are included in other liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Performance incentive fees are recognized throughout the year as they become realizable based on achievement of specified performance targets.

FIXED ASSETS

Depreciation of property and equipment is provided by the Company on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset. Amortization of leasehold improvements is provided on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the estimated useful life of the asset or the remaining life of the lease.

GOODWILL AND IDENTIFIABLE INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The Company accounts for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets under the provisions of SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” In accordance with this guidance, the Company does not amortize goodwill, but amortizes identifiable intangible assets over their useful lives. Goodwill is tested at least annually for impairment and identifiable intangible assets are tested for potential impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances suggest that the carrying value of an asset or asset group may not be fully recoverable in accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.”

EARNINGS PER SHARE

Earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed in accordance with SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share,” and EITF Statement No. 03-6, “Participating Securities and the Two Class Method Under FASB Statement No. 128, Earnings Per Share.” Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income applicable to common shares, adjusted for costs related to vested shares under the Capital Accumulation Plan for Senior Managing Directors, as amended (“CAP Plan”), as well as the effect of the redemption of preferred stock, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Common shares outstanding includes vested units issued under certain stock compensation plans, which will be distributed as shares of common stock. Diluted EPS includes the determinants of basic EPS and, in addition, gives effect to dilutive potential common shares related to stock compensation plans.

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Effective December 1, 2002, the Company elected to adopt fair value accounting for stock-based compensation consistent with SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” using the prospective method with guidance provided by SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation—Transition and Disclosure.” As a result, commencing with options granted after November 30, 2002, the Company expenses the fair value of stock options issued to employees over the related vesting period. Prior to December 1, 2002, the Company had elected to account for its stock-based compensation plans using the intrinsic value method prescribed by Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (“APB No. 25”), as permitted by SFAS No. 123. Under the provisions of APB No. 25, compensation cost for stock options is measured as the excess, if any, of the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant over the amount an employee must pay to acquire the stock. Accordingly, no compensation expense had been recognized for stock option awards granted prior to

85



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

December 1, 2002 because the exercise price was at the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date.

The cost related to stock-based compensation included in the determination of net income for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003 is less than that which would have been recognized if the fair value-based method had been applied to stock option awards since the original effective date of SFAS No. 123.

The following table illustrates the effect on net income and earnings per share if the fair value-based method had been applied to all outstanding awards in each fiscal year.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fiscal Years Ended November 30,

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 

2003

 










 

(in millions, except per share amounts)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 













 

Net income, as reported

 

 

$

1,462.2

 

 

$

1,344.7

 

$

1,156.4

 

Add: Stock-based employee compensation plans expense included in reported net income, net of related tax effect

 

 

 

375.4

 

 

 

335.4

 

 

306.4

 

Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation plans expense determined under the fair value based method, net of related tax effect

 

 

 

(387.3

)

 

 

(367.6

)

 

(359.5

)













 

Pro forma net income

 

 

$

1,450.3

 

 

$

1,312.5

 

$

1,103.3

 













 

Earnings per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic—as reported

 

 

$

11.42

 

 

$

10.88

 

$

9.44

 

Basic—pro forma

 

 

$

11.33

 

 

$

10.63

 

$

9.03

 

Diluted—as reported

 

 

$

10.31

 

 

$

9.76

 

$

8.52

 

Diluted—pro forma

 

 

$

10.23

 

 

$

9.54

 

$

8.16

 













 

CASH EQUIVALENTS

The Company has defined cash equivalents as liquid investments not held for sale in the ordinary course of business with original maturities of three months or less that are not part of the Company’s trading inventory.

INCOME TAXES

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries file a US consolidated federal income tax return. The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” Under SFAS No. 109, deferred income taxes are based on the net tax effects of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. In addition, deferred income taxes are determined by the enacted tax rates and laws expected to be in effect when the related temporary differences are expected to be reversed.

The Company is under continuous examination by various tax authorities in jurisdictions in which the Company has significant business operations. The Company regularly evaluates the likelihood of additional assessments in each of the tax jurisdictions resulting from these examinations. Tax reserves have been established, which the Company believes to be adequate in relation to the potential for additional assessments. Once established, reserves are adjusted as information becomes available or when an event requiring a change to the reserve occurs.

TRANSLATION OF FOREIGN CURRENCIES

Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at fiscal year-end rates of exchange, while income statement items are translated at daily average rates of exchange during the fiscal year. Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in net income.

86



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING DEVELOPMENTS

In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123 (R), “Share-Based Payment.” SFAS No. 123 (R) is a revision of SFAS No. 123 and supersedes APB Opinion No. 25 and amends SFAS No. 95, “Statement of Cash Flows.” SFAS No. 123 (R) eliminates the ability to account for share-based compensation transactions using APB Opinion No. 25 and requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the financial statements using a fair value-based method. Effective December 1, 2002, the Company elected to adopt fair value accounting for stock-based compensation consistent with SFAS No. 123 using the prospective method with guidance provided by SFAS No. 148. In April 2005, the SEC amended the effective date of SFAS No. 123 (R) to provide additional time for companies to comply with the reporting requirements. The Company adopted SFAS No. 123 (R), as required, on December 1, 2005, using the modified prospective method. The Company does not expect that adoption of this standard will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

In June 2005, the EITF reached a consensus on EITF Issue No. 04-5, “Determining Whether a General Partner, or the General Partners as a Group, Controls a Limited Partnership or Similar Entity When the Limited Partners Have Certain Rights.” The EITF consensus requires a general partner in a limited partnership to consolidate the limited partnership unless the presumption of control is overcome. The general partner may overcome this presumption of control and not consolidate the entity if the limited partners have: (a) the substantive ability to dissolve or liquidate the limited partnership or otherwise remove the general partner without having to show cause; or (b) substantive participating rights in managing the partnership. This guidance became effective upon ratification by the FASB on June 29, 2005 for all newly formed limited partnerships and for existing limited partnerships for which the partnership agreements have been modified. For all other limited partnerships, the guidance is effective no later than the beginning of the first reporting period in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005. The Company does not expect the EITF consensus on EITF issue No. 04-5 to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.

2. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Substantially all of the Company’s assets and liabilities are carried at contracted amounts that approximate fair value. Assets that are recorded at contracted amounts approximating fair value consist largely of short-term secured receivables, including reverse repurchase agreements, securities borrowed, customer receivables and certain other receivables. Similarly, the Company’s short-term liabilities, such as bank loans, commercial paper, repurchase agreements, securities loaned, customer payables and certain other payables, are recorded at contracted amounts approximating fair value. These instruments generally have variable interest rates and/or short-term maturities, in many cases overnight, and accordingly, their fair values are not materially affected by changes in interest rates.

The estimated fair value of the Company’s long-term borrowings, based on market rates of interest and current foreign exchange rates available to the Company at November 30, 2005 for debt obligations of similar maturity, approximate carrying value as a result of applying SFAS No. 133. The Company uses derivatives to modify the interest rate characteristics of its long- and short-term debt. The Company generally enters into interest rate swaps and other transactions designed to either convert its fixed-rate debt into floating-rate debt or otherwise hedge its exposure to interest rate movements.

87



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

3. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, consisting of the Company’s proprietary trading inventories, at fair value, as of November 30, 2005 and 2004, were as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


2005

 

2004

 






 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 










 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS OWNED:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

US government and agency

 

 

$

9,914,866

 

 

$

6,043,204

 

Other sovereign governments

 

 

 

1,159,265

 

 

 

1,316,206

 

Corporate equity and convertible debt

 

 

 

18,601,132

 

 

 

15,788,681

 

Corporate debt and other

 

 

 

21,571,914

 

 

 

14,857,555

 

Mortgages, mortgage- and asset-backed

 

 

 

40,297,016

 

 

 

27,679,581

 

Derivative financial instruments

 

 

 

14,700,228

 

 

 

12,711,908

 










 

 

 

 

$

106,244,421

 

 

$

78,397,135

 










 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS SOLD,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BUT NOT YET PURCHASED:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

US government and agency

 

 

$

10,115,133

 

 

$

8,851,452

 

Other sovereign governments

 

 

 

1,617,998

 

 

 

1,240,916

 

Corporate equity and convertible debt

 

 

 

6,900,004

 

 

 

6,386,064

 

Corporate debt and other

 

 

 

3,274,034

 

 

 

2,896,233

 

Mortgages, mortgage- and asset-backed

 

 

 

139,988

 

 

 

428,909

 

Derivative financial instruments

 

 

 

12,957,176

 

 

 

9,672,306

 










 

 

 

 

$

35,004,333

 

 

$

29,475,880

 










 

As of November 30, 2005 and 2004, all financial instruments owned that were pledged to counterparties where the counterparty has the right, by contract or custom, to rehypothecate those securities are classified as “Financial Instruments Owned, Pledged as Collateral” in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, represent obligations of the Company to purchase the specified financial instrument at the then current market price. Accordingly, these transactions result in off-balance-sheet risk as the Company’s ultimate obligation to repurchase such securities may exceed the amount recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

CONCENTRATION RISK

The Company is subject to concentration risk by holding large positions or committing to hold large positions in certain types of securities, securities of a single issuer (including governments), issuers located in a particular country or geographic area, or issuers engaged in a particular industry. Positions taken and commitments made by the Company, including underwritings, often involve substantial amounts and significant exposure to individual issuers and businesses, including non-investment-grade issuers. At November 30, 2005, the Company’s most significant concentrations are related to US government and agency inventory positions, including those of the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. In addition, a substantial portion of the collateral held by the Company for securities purchased under agreements to resell consists of securities issued by the US government and agencies.

4. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

The Company, in its capacity as a dealer in over-the-counter derivative financial instruments and its proprietary market-making and trading activities, enters into transactions in a variety of cash and derivative financial instruments for proprietary trading and to manage its exposure to market and credit risk. These risks include interest rate, exchange

88



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

rate and equity price risk. Derivative financial instruments represent contractual commitments between counterparties that derive their value from changes in an underlying interest rate, currency exchange rate, index (e.g., Standard & Poor’s 500 Index), reference rate (e.g., London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR), or asset value referenced in the related contract. Some derivatives, such as futures contracts, certain options and index-referenced warrants, can be traded on an exchange. Other derivatives, such as interest rate and currency swaps, caps, floors, collars, swaptions, equity swaps and options, credit derivatives, structured notes and forward contracts, are negotiated in the over-the-counter markets. Derivatives generate both on- and off-balance-sheet risks depending on the nature of the contract. Generally, these financial instruments represent commitments or rights to exchange interest payment streams or currencies or to purchase or sell other securities at specific terms at specified future dates. Option contracts generally provide the holder with the right, but not the obligation, to purchase or sell a financial instrument at a specific price on or before an established date or dates. Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased may result in market and/or credit risk in excess of amounts recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

MARKET RISK

Derivative financial instruments involve varying degrees of off-balance-sheet market risk, whereby changes in the level or volatility of interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates or market values of the underlying financial instruments may result in changes in the value of a particular financial instrument in excess of the amounts currently reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company’s exposure to market risk is influenced by a number of factors, including the relationships among and between financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk, the Company’s proprietary securities, futures and derivatives inventories as well as the volatility and liquidity in the markets in which the financial instruments are traded. The Company attempts to mitigate its exposure to market risk by entering into hedging transactions, which may include over-the-counter derivatives contracts or the purchase or sale of interest-bearing securities, equity securities, financial futures and forward contracts. In this regard, the utilization of derivative instruments is designed to reduce or mitigate market risks associated with holding dealer inventories or in connection with arbitrage-related trading activities.

DERIVATIVES CREDIT RISK

Credit risk arises from the potential inability of counterparties to perform in accordance with the terms of the contract. At any point in time, the Company’s exposure to credit risk associated with counterparty non-performance is generally limited to the net replacement cost of over-the-counter contracts, net of the value of collateral held. Such financial instruments are reported at fair value on a net-by-counterparty basis pursuant to enforceable netting agreements. Exchange-traded financial instruments, such as futures and options, generally do not give rise to significant unsecured counterparty exposure due to the Company’s margin requirements, which may be greater than those prescribed by the individual exchanges. Options written generally do not give rise to counterparty credit risk since they obligate the Company (not its counterparty) to perform.

The Company has controls in place to monitor credit exposures by assessing the future creditworthiness of counterparties and limiting transactions with specific counterparties. The Company also seeks to control credit risk by following an established credit approval process, monitoring credit limits and requiring collateral where appropriate.

NON-TRADING DERIVATIVES ACTIVITY

To modify the interest rate characteristics of its long- and short-term debt, the Company also engages in non-trading derivatives activities. The Company has issued US dollar- and foreign currency-denominated debt with both variable- and fixed-rate interest payment obligations. The Company has entered into interest rate swaps, primarily based on LIBOR, to convert fixed-rate interest payments on its debt obligations into variable-rate payments. In addition, for foreign currency debt obligations that are not used to fund assets in the same currency, the Company has entered into currency swap agreements that effectively convert the debt into US dollar obligations. Such transactions are accounted for as fair value hedges.

89



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

These financial instruments are subject to the same market and credit risks as those that are traded in connection with the Company’s market-making and trading activities. The Company has similar controls in place to monitor these risks. Interest rate swap agreements reduced net interest expense on the Company’s long- and short-term debt obligations by $115.4 million, $589.3 million and $635.3 million during the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

SFAS No. 133, as amended by SFAS No. 138 and SFAS No. 149, establishes accounting and reporting standards for stand-alone derivative instruments, derivatives embedded within other contracts or securities and for hedging activities. It requires that all derivatives, whether stand-alone or embedded within other contracts or securities (except in very defined circumstances) be carried on the Company’s Statement of Financial Condition at fair value. SFAS No. 133 also requires items designated as being fair value hedged to be recorded at fair value, as defined in SFAS No. 133, provided that the intent to hedge is fully documented. Any resultant net change in value for both the hedging derivative and the hedged item is recognized in earnings immediately, such net effect being deemed the “ineffective” portion of the hedge. The gains and losses associated with the ineffective portion of the fair value hedges are included in “Principal Transactions” revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Income. These amounts were immaterial for fiscal 2005, 2004 and 2003.

5. TRANSFERS OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

SECURITIZATIONS

The Company is a market leader in mortgage-backed securitization and other structured financing arrangements. In the normal course of business, the Company regularly securitizes commercial and residential mortgages, consumer receivables and other financial assets. Securitization transactions are generally treated as sales, provided that control has been relinquished. In connection with securitization transactions, the Company establishes special-purpose entities (“SPEs”), in which transferred assets, including commercial and residential mortgages, consumer receivables and other financial assets are sold to an SPE and repackaged into securities or similar beneficial interests. Transferred assets are accounted for at fair value prior to securitization. The majority of the Company’s involvement with SPEs relates to securitization transactions meeting the definition of a QSPE under the provisions of SFAS No. 140. Provided it has relinquished control over such assets, the Company derecognizes financial assets transferred in securitizations and does not consolidate the financial statements of QSPEs. For SPEs that do not meet the QSPE criteria, the Company uses the guidance in FIN No. 46 (R) to determine whether the SPE should be consolidated.

In connection with these securitization activities, the Company may retain interests in securitized assets in the form of senior or subordinated securities or as residual interests. Retained interests in securitizations are generally not held to maturity and typically are sold shortly after the settlement of a securitization. The weighted average holding period for retained interest positions in inventory at November 30, 2005 and 2004 was approximately 90 days and 70 days, respectively. These retained interests are included in “Financial Instruments Owned” in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and are carried at fair value. Consistent with the valuation of similar inventory, fair value is determined by broker-dealer price quotations and internal valuation pricing models that utilize variables such as yield curves, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severity, interest rate volatilities and spreads. The assumptions used for pricing variables are based on observable transactions in similar securities and are further verified by external pricing sources, when available.

90



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

The Company’s securitization activities are detailed below:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Agency
Mortgage-
Backed

 

Other Mortgage-
and Asset-
Backed

 

Total

 








 

(in billions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 











 

Total securitizations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fiscal 2005

 

$

26.2

 

$

89.8

 

$

116.0

 

Fiscal 2004

 

$

30.2

 

$

75.2

 

$

105.4

 

Retained interests

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

As of November 30, 2005

 

$

1.8

 

$

3.7

 

$

5.5

(1)

As of November 30, 2004

 

$

2.6

 

$

1.9

 

$

4.5

(2)











 


(1) Includes approximately $0.8 billion in non-investment-grade and unrated retained interests.

(2) Includes approximately $0.3 billion in non-investment-grade and unrated retained interests.

The following table summarizes cash flows from securitization trusts related to securitization transactions during the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005 and 2004:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Agency
Mortgage-
Backed

 

Other Mortgage-
and Asset-
Backed

 

Total

 











 

(in millions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 











 

Cash flows received from retained interests

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fiscal 2005

 

$

452.9

 

$

498.0

 

$

950.9

 

Fiscal 2004

 

$

537.2

 

$

260.8

 

$

798.0

 

Cash flows from servicing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fiscal 2005

 

$

1.7

 

$

68.8

 

$

70.5

 

Fiscal 2004

 

$

1.0

 

$

40.6

 

$

41.6

 











 

The Company is an active market maker in these securities and therefore may retain interests in assets it securitizes, predominantly highly rated or government agency-backed securities. The models employed in the valuation of retained interests use discount rates that are based on the Treasury curve plus a spread. Key points on the constant maturity Treasury curve at November 30, 2005 were 4.40% for two-year Treasuries and 4.63% for 10-year Treasuries, and ranged from 3.97% to 4.83%. These models also consider prepayment speeds as well as credit losses. Credit losses are considered through option-adjusted spreads that also incorporate additional factors such as liquidity and optionality.

Weighted average key economic assumptions used in measuring the fair value of retained interests in assets the Company securitized at November 30, 2005 were as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Agency
Mortgage-
Backed

 

Other Mortgage-
and Asset-
Backed

 








 

Weighted average life (years)

 

 

7.8

 

 

4.6

 

Average prepayment speeds (annual rate)

 

 

6%-21

%

 

6%-49

%

Credit losses

 

 

0.46

%

 

4.94

%








 

91



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

The following hypothetical sensitivity analysis as of November 30, 2005 illustrates the potential adverse change in fair value of these retained interests due to a specified change in the key valuation assumptions. The interest rate changes represent a parallel shift in the Treasury curve. This shift considers the effect of other variables, including prepayments. The remaining valuation assumptions are changed independently. Retained interests in securitizations are generally not held to maturity and are typically sold shortly after the settlement of a securitization. The Company considers the current and expected credit profile of the underlying collateral in determining the fair value and periodically updates the fair value for changes in credit, interest rate, prepayment and other pertinent market factors. Actual credit losses on retained interests have not been significant.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Agency
Mortgage-
Backed

 

Other Mortgage-
and Asset-
Backed

 






 

(in millions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 








 

Interest rates

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Impact of 50 basis point adverse change

 

 

($34.0

)

 

($100.1

)

Impact of 100 basis point adverse change

 

 

(71.4

)

 

(191.6

)








 

Prepayment speeds

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Impact of 10% adverse change

 

 

(0.8

)

 

(18.5

)

Impact of 20% adverse change

 

 

(1.5

)

 

(34.2

)








 

Credit losses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Impact of 10% adverse change

 

 

(4.3

)

 

(44.6

)

Impact of 20% adverse change

 

 

(8.5

)

 

(87.1

)








 

In the normal course of business, the Company originates and purchases conforming and non-conforming, conventional fixed-rate and adjustable-rate residential mortgage loans and sells such loans to investors. In connection with these activities, the Company may retain MSRs that entitle the Company to a future stream of cash flows based on the contractual servicing fee. In addition, the Company may purchase and sell MSRs. At November 30, 2005, the key economic assumptions and the sensitivity of the current fair value of MSRs to immediate changes in those assumptions were as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sub-Prime Loans

 

Fixed-Rate Prime
& Alt-A Loans

 

Adjustable-Rate
Prime & Alt-A
Loans

 











 

(in millions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 











 

Fair value of MSRs

 

$

155.3

 

$

76.9

 

$

236.3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Constant prepayment rate (in CPR)

 

 

15%-75

%

 

10%-18

%

 

20%-46

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Impact on fair value of:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5 CPR adverse change

 

$

(15.5

)

$

(8.6

)

$

(12.4

)

10 CPR adverse change

 

 

(27.6

)

 

(18.3

)

 

(22.7

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Discount rate

 

 

14

%

 

13

%

 

13

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Impact on fair value of:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5% adverse change

 

$

(12.9

)

$

(9.7

)

$

(17.9

)

10% adverse change

 

 

(22.3

)

 

(17.2

)

 

(33.4

)











 

The previous tables should be viewed with caution since the changes in a single variable generally cannot occur without changes in other variables or conditions that may counteract or amplify the effect of the changes outlined in the tables. Changes in fair value based on a 10% adverse variation in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because

92



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

the relationship of the change in assumptions to the change in fair value is not usually linear. In addition, the tables do not consider the change in fair value of hedging positions, which would generally offset the changes detailed in the tables, nor do they consider any corrective action that the Company may take in response to changes in these conditions. The impact of hedges is not presented because hedging positions are established on a portfolio level and allocating the impact would not be practicable.

MSRs are included in “Other Assets” on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company’s MSRs activities for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005 and 2004 were as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 








 

(in millions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 










 

Balance, beginning of year

 

 

$

230.2

 

 

$

108.0

 

Additions

 

 

 

384.1

 

 

 

206.4

 

Sales

 

 

 

(47.1

)

 

 

 

Amortization

 

 

 

(135.9

)

 

 

(57.1

)

Impairment

 

 

 

(0.2

)

 

 

(27.1

)










 

Balance, end of year

 

 

$

431.1

 

 

$

230.2

 










 

Changes in the MSR valuation allowance for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005 and 2004 were as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 








 

(in millions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 










 

Balance, beginning of year

 

 

$

(33.7

)

 

$

(6.6

)

Impairment

 

 

 

(0.2

)

 

 

(27.1

)










 

Balance, end of year

 

 

$

(33.9

)

 

$

(33.7

)










 

6. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES AND MORTGAGE LOAN SPECIAL PURPOSE ENTITIES

The Company regularly creates or transacts with entities that may be VIEs. These entities are an essential part of its securitization, asset management and structured finance businesses. In addition, the Company purchases and sells instruments that may be variable interests. The Company adopted FIN No. 46 (R) for its variable interests in fiscal 2004. The Company consolidates those VIEs in which the Company is the primary beneficiary.

The Company may perform various functions, including being the seller, investor, structurer or underwriter in securitization transactions. These transactions typically involve entities that are considered to be QSPEs as defined in SFAS No. 140. QSPEs are exempt from the requirements of FIN No. 46 (R). For securitization vehicles that do not qualify as QSPEs, the holders of the beneficial interests have no recourse to the Company, only to the assets held by the related VIE. In certain of these VIEs, the Company is the primary beneficiary often through its ownership of certain beneficial interests, and is, therefore, required to consolidate the assets and liabilities of the VIE.

The Company has a limited number of mortgage securitizations that did not meet the criteria for sale treatment under SFAS No. 140 because the securitization vehicles were not QSPEs. The assets in these mortgage securitizations approximated $5.3 billion and $2.5 billion at November 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

The Company also acts as portfolio manager and/or underwriter in several collateralized debt obligation transactions. In these transactions, the Company establishes a trust that purchases a portfolio of assets and issues trust certificates that represent interests in the portfolio of assets. In addition to receiving variable compensation for managing the portfolio, the Company may also retain certain trust certificates. In certain of these transactions, these interests result in the Company becoming the primary beneficiary of these entities. The holders of the trust certificates have recourse only to

93



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

the underlying assets of the trusts and not to other assets of the Company.

Assets held by VIEs, which are currently consolidated because the Company is the primary beneficiary, approximated $1.2 billion and $1.9 billion at November 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively. At November 30, 2005 and 2004, the Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its relationship with these VIEs is approximately $531.0 million and $75.1 million, respectively, which represents the fair value of its interests in the VIEs.

The Company also owns significant variable interests in several VIEs related to collateralized debt obligations or asset securitizations for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary and therefore does not consolidate these entities. In aggregate, these VIEs have assets approximating $4.7 billion and $5.8 billion at November 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively. At November 30, 2005 and 2004, the Company’s maximum exposure to loss from these entities approximates $29.6 million and $35.5 million, respectively, which represents the fair value of its interests and is reflected in the consolidated financial statements.

The Company purchases and sells interests in entities that may be deemed to be VIEs in its market-making capacity in the ordinary course of business. As a result of these activities, it is reasonably possible that such entities may be consolidated and deconsolidated at various points in time. Therefore, the Company’s variable interests included above may not be held by the Company in future periods.

The Company has retained call options on a limited number of securitization transactions that require the Company to continue recognizing the assets subject to the call options, which approximated $8.7 billion and $7.7 billion at November 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

7. COLLATERALIZED FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

The Company enters into secured borrowing and lending agreements to obtain collateral necessary to effect settlements, finance inventory positions, meet customer needs or re-lend as part of its dealer operations.

The Company receives collateral under reverse repurchase agreements, securities borrowing transactions, derivative transactions, customer margin loans and other secured money-lending activities. In many instances, the Company is also permitted by contract or custom to rehypothecate securities received as collateral. These securities may be used to secure repurchase agreements, enter into securities lending or derivative transactions or cover short positions.

At November 30, 2005 and 2004, the fair value of securities received as collateral by the Company that can be repledged, delivered or otherwise used was approximately $254.62 billion and $259.01 billion, respectively. Of these securities received as collateral, those with a fair value of approximately $184.25 billion and $163.95 billion were delivered or repledged at November 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

The Company also pledges financial instruments owned to collateralize certain financing arrangements and permits the counterparty to pledge or rehypothecate the securities. These securities are recorded as “Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged As Collateral, at Fair Value” in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The carrying value of securities and other inventory positions owned that have been pledged or otherwise encumbered to counterparties where those counterparties do not have the right to sell or repledge was approximately $20.83 billion at November 30, 2005.

94



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

8. SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS

The Company obtains short-term borrowings through the issuance of commercial paper and bank loans and other borrowings. The interest rates on such short-term borrowings reflect market rates of interest at the time of the transactions.

The Company’s short-term borrowings at November 30, 2005 and 2004 consisted of the following:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 








 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 










 

Commercial paper

 

 

$

9,675,903

 

 

$

3,924,027

 

Bank loans and other borrowings (1)

 

 

 

10,339,824

 

 

 

8,286,805

 










 

Total short-term borrowings

 

 

$

20,015,727

 

 

$

12,210,832

 










 

(1) Included in bank loans and other borrowings at November 30, 2005 and 2004 were secured borrowings of $258.9 million and $484.1 million, respectively.

The effective weighted average interest rates for short-term borrowings are as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

      As of November 30,

 

Fiscal Years Ended November 30,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 

2003

 
















 

Commercial paper

 

 

 

4.11

%

 

 

1.96

%

 

 

3.28

%

 

 

1.32

%

 

1.28

%

Bank loans and other borrowings

 

 

 

4.16

%

 

 

2.24

%

 

 

3.33

%

 

 

1.63

%

 

1.61

%





















 

9. LONG-TERM BORROWINGS

The Company’s long-term borrowings (which have original maturities of at least 12 months) at November 30, 2005 and 2004 consisted of the following:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 










 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 










 

Fixed-rate notes due 2006 to 2018: (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

US dollar-denominated

 

 

$

12,414,889

 

 

$

12,605,006

 

Floating-rate notes due 2007 to 2010:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

US dollar-denominated

 

 

 

2,707,346

 

 

 

1,308,989

 

Medium-term notes and other borrowings:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fixed-rate, US dollar-denominated

 

 

 

4,226,308

 

 

 

2,778,131

 

Fixed-rate, non-US-dollar-denominated

 

 

 

5,331,974

 

 

 

3,002,511

 

Floating-rate, US dollar-denominated

 

 

 

7,610,466

 

 

 

9,256,014

 

Floating-rate, non-US-dollar-denominated

 

 

 

3,890,974

 

 

 

2,974,133

 

Index/equity/credit-linked notes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

US dollar-denominated

 

 

 

1,999,226

 

 

 

1,364,806

 

Non-US-dollar-denominated

 

 

 

5,308,433

 

 

 

3,553,687

 










 

Total long-term borrowings

 

 

$

43,489,616

 

 

$

36,843,277

 










 

Amounts include fair value adjustments in accordance with SFAS No. 133.

(1) At November 30, 2005, US dollar-denominated fixed-rate notes are at interest rates ranging from 2.9% to 7.8%.

The Company has entered into interest rate swaps and other transactions to convert its fixed-rate notes into floating rates based on LIBOR. For floating-rate notes that are not based on LIBOR, the Company has generally entered into

95



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

interest rate swaps and other transactions to convert them into floating rates based on LIBOR. The Company’s long-term MTNs have initial maturities ranging from 12 months to 30 years from the date of issue and bear interest at either a fixed rate or a variable rate primarily based on LIBOR. The Company has entered into interest rate swaps and certain other transactions to convert substantially all of its fixed-rate MTNs into floating rates based on LIBOR. Index/equity-linked borrowings include various structured instruments whose payments and redemption values are linked to the performance of a specific index (e.g., Dow Jones Industrial Average), a basket of stocks or a specific equity security. To minimize the exposure resulting from movements in the underlying equity position or index, the Company has entered into various equity swap contracts. Credit-linked notes include various structured instruments whose payments and redemption values are linked to the performance of a basket of credit products, an index or an individual security. To minimize exposure to these instruments, the Company has entered into swaps that pay the performance of the underlying security or index.

The effective weighted average interest rates for long-term borrowings, after giving effect to the swaps, are as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

As of November 30,

 

Fiscal Year Ended November 30,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2005

 

 

 

2004

 

 

 

2005

 

 

 

2004

 

 

2003

 





















 

Fixed-rate notes

 

 

 

4.71

%

 

 

2.68

%

 

 

3.76

%

 

 

2.02

%

 

1.99

%

Floating-rate notes

 

 

 

4.46

%

 

 

2.54

%

 

 

3.80

%

 

 

1.97

%

 

1.77

%

Medium-term notes and other borrowings

 

 

 

4.50

%

 

 

2.60

%

 

 

3.61

%

 

 

2.01

%

 

1.95

%





















 

The Company’s long-term borrowings at November 30, 2005 mature as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

US Dollar

 

 

Non-US-Dollar

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

MTNs and other borrowings

 

 

MTNs and other borrowings

 




























 

 

 

Fixed
Rate

 

Floating
Rate

 

 

Fixed
Rate

 

Floating
Rate

 

Index/Equity
/Credit
Linked

 

 

Fixed
Rate

 

Floating
Rate

 

Index/Equity
/Credit
Linked

 




























 

(in millions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 




























 

FISCAL YEAR

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2006

 

$

2,391

 

$

 

 

$

 

$

2,412

 

$

236

 

 

$

336

 

$

766

 

$

347

 

2007

 

 

1,948

 

 

496

 

 

 

1,717

 

 

2,930

 

 

489

 

 

 

191

 

 

4

 

 

543

 

2008

 

 

2,111

 

 

1,542

 

 

 

318

 

 

319

 

 

566

 

 

 

322

 

 

221

 

 

411

 

2009

 

 

705

 

 

 

 

 

215

 

 

1,406

 

 

167

 

 

 

882

 

 

1,204

 

 

939

 

2010

 

 

2,228

 

 

669

 

 

 

66

 

 

153

 

 

301

 

 

 

1,377

 

 

326

 

 

850

 

Thereafter

 

 

3,032

 

 

 

 

 

1,910

 

 

390

 

 

240

 

 

 

2,224

 

 

1,370

 

 

2,218

 




























 

Total

 

$

12,415

 

$

2,707

 

 

$

4,226

 

$

7,610

 

$

1,999

 

 

$

5,332

 

$

3,891

 

$

5,308

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amounts include fair value adjustments in accordance with SFAS No. 133 as well as $262.5 million of junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (“Debentures”). The Debentures will mature on May 15, 2031; however, the Company, at its option, may redeem the Debentures beginning May 15, 2006. The Debentures are reflected in the table at their contractual maturity date.

Included in fiscal 2007 and fiscal 2008 are approximately $2.20 billion and $0.1 billion, respectively, of floating-rate MTNs that are redeemable prior to maturity at the option of the noteholder. These notes contain certain provisions that effectively enable noteholders to put these notes back to the Company and, therefore, are reflected in the table at the date such notes first become redeemable. The final maturity dates of these notes are during fiscal 2009 and fiscal 2010.

Instruments governing certain indebtedness of the Company contain various financial covenants, including maintenance of minimum levels of stockholders’ equity of the Company. At November 30, 2005, the Company was in compliance with all covenants contained in these debt agreements.

96



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

10. PREFERRED STOCK

PREFERRED STOCK ISSUED BY THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.

The Company is authorized to issue a total of 10 million shares of preferred stock at par value of $1.00 per share. At November 30, 2005, the Company has 1,861,632 shares issued and outstanding under various series as described below. All preferred stock has a dividend preference over the Company’s common stock in the paying of dividends and a preference in the liquidation of assets.

The Company has outstanding 3,493,250 depositary shares representing 873,313 shares of Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E (“Series E Preferred Stock”), having an aggregate liquidation preference of $174.7 million as of November 30, 2005. Each depositary share represents a one-fourth interest in a share of Series E Preferred Stock. Dividends on the Series E Preferred Stock are payable at an annual rate of 6.15%. Series E Preferred Stock is redeemable at the option of the Company at any time on or after January 15, 2008, in whole or in part, at a redemption price of $200 per share (equivalent to $50 per depositary share), plus accrued but unpaid dividends to the redemption date. During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005, the Company did not repurchase any depositary shares.

The Company has outstanding 1,881,700 depositary shares representing 470,425 shares of Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series F (“Series F Preferred Stock”), having an aggregate liquidation preference of $94.1 million as of November 30, 2005. Each depositary share represents a one-fourth interest in a share of Series F Preferred Stock. Dividends on the Series F Preferred Stock are payable at an annual rate of 5.72%. Series F Preferred Stock is redeemable at the option of the Company at any time on or after April 15, 2008, in whole or in part, at a redemption price of $200 per share (equivalent to $50 per depositary share), plus accrued but unpaid dividends to the redemption date. During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005, the Company redeemed and retired 731,100 depositary shares.

The Company has outstanding 2,071,575 depositary shares representing 517,894 shares of Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series G (“Series G Preferred Stock”), having an aggregate liquidation preference of $103.6 million as of November 30, 2005. Each depositary share represents a one-fourth interest in a share of Series G Preferred Stock. Dividends on the Series G Preferred Stock are payable at an annual rate of 5.49%. Series G Preferred Stock is redeemable at the option of the Company at any time on or after July 15, 2008, in whole or in part, at a redemption price of $200 per share (equivalent to $50 per depositary share), plus accrued but unpaid dividends to the redemption date. During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005, the Company redeemed and retired 785,325 depositary shares.

PREFERRED STOCK ISSUED BY SUBSIDIARIES

Bear Stearns Capital Trust III (“Capital Trust III”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, has issued $262.5 million (10,500,000 shares) of Guaranteed Preferred Beneficial Interests in Company Subordinated Debt Securities (“Preferred Securities”). The Preferred Securities are fixed-rate securities, which have a liquidation value of $25 per security. Holders of the Preferred Securities are entitled to receive quarterly preferential cash distributions at an annual rate of 7.8% through May 15, 2031. The proceeds of the issuance of the Preferred Securities were used to acquire junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (“Debentures”) issued by the Company. The Debentures have terms that correspond to the terms of the Preferred Securities and are the sole assets of Capital Trust III. The Preferred Securities will mature on May 15, 2031. The Company, at its option, may redeem the Preferred Securities at their principal amount plus accrued distributions beginning May 15, 2006.

In accordance with FIN No. 46 (R) the Company has deconsolidated Capital Trust III. As a result, the Debentures issued by the Company to Capital Trust III are included within long-term borrowings at November 30, 2005 and 2004. The $262.5 million of Preferred Securities issued by Capital Trust III is still outstanding, providing the funding for such Debentures. The Preferred Securities issued by Capital Trust III are no longer included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

97



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

11. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income applicable to common shares, adjusted for costs related to vested shares under the CAP Plan, as well as the effect of the redemption of preferred stock, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Common shares outstanding includes vested units issued under certain stock compensation plans, which will be distributed as shares of common stock. Diluted EPS includes the determinants of Basic EPS and, in addition, gives effect to dilutive potential common shares related to stock compensation plans.

The computations of Basic and Diluted EPS for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003 are set forth below:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 

2003

 










 

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 













 

Net income

 

 

$

1,462,177

 

 

$

1,344,733

 

$

1,156,406

 

Preferred stock dividends

 

 

 

(24,321

)

 

 

(28,072

)

 

(31,375

)

Redemption of preferred stock

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,230

 

 

720

 

Income adjustment (net of tax) applicable to deferred compensation arrangements—vested shares

 

 

 

50,630

 

 

 

69,518

 

 

81,177

 













 

Net earnings used for Basic EPS

 

 

 

1,488,486

 

 

 

1,387,409

 

 

1,206,928

 

Income adjustment (net of tax) applicable to deferred compensation arrangements—non-vested shares

 

 

 

31,622

 

 

 

31,011

 

 

29,063

 













 

Net earnings used for Diluted EPS

 

 

$

1,520,108

 

 

$

1,418,420

 

$

1,235,991

 













 

Total basic weighted average common shares outstanding(1)

 

 

 

130,327

 

 

 

127,468

 

 

127,820

 













 

Effect of dilutive securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Employee stock options

 

 

 

4,064

 

 

 

3,604

 

 

2,415

 

CAP and restricted units

 

 

 

13,077

 

 

 

14,213

 

 

14,792

 













 

Dilutive potential common shares

 

 

 

17,141

 

 

 

17,817

 

 

17,207

 













 

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding and dilutive potential common shares

 

 

 

147,468

 

 

 

145,285

 

 

145,027

 













 

Basic EPS

 

 

$

11.42

 

 

$

10.88

 

$

9.44

 

Diluted EPS

 

 

$

10.31

 

 

$

9.76

 

$

8.52

 













 

(1) Includes 18,091,681; 24,557,902 and 29,610,739 vested units for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively, issued under certain employee stock compensation plans, which will be distributed as shares of common stock.

12. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN

The Company has a qualified non-contributory profit sharing plan covering substantially all employees. Contributions are made at the discretion of management in amounts that relate to the Company’s level of income before provision for income taxes. The Company’s expense related to the profit sharing plan for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003 was $37.0 million, $26.0 million and $32.4 million, respectively.

13. STOCK COMPENSATION PLANS

The Company has various stock compensation plans designed to increase the emphasis on stock-based incentive compensation and align the compensation of its key employees with the long-term interests of stockholders. These plans are summarized below.

CAPITAL ACCUMULATION PLAN

Pursuant to the CAP Plan, certain key executives receive a portion of their total annual compensation in the form of CAP units. The number of CAP units credited is a function of the dollar amount awarded to each participant and the

98



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

closing fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the award. The CAP units awarded under the CAP Plan are generally subject to vesting. The total number of CAP units that may be issued under the CAP Plan during any fiscal year may not exceed 15% of the sum of issued and outstanding shares of common stock and CAP units outstanding determined as of the last day of the current fiscal year.

Each CAP unit gives the participant an unsecured right to receive, on an annual basis, an amount equal to the Company’s pre-tax income per share, as defined by the CAP Plan, less the value of certain changes in the Company’s book value per common share during such fiscal year resulting from increases or decreases in the Company’s consolidated retained earnings (“earnings adjustment”), subject to certain limitations. The earnings adjustment will be credited to each participant’s deferred compensation account in the form of additional CAP units, based on the number of CAP units in such account at the end of each fiscal year. The number of CAP units credited depends on the amount awarded to each participant and the average per share cost of common stock acquired by the Company. On completion of the five-year deferral period, participants are entitled to receive shares of common stock equal to the number of CAP units then credited to their respective deferred compensation accounts.

During the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003, the Company expensed $363.4 million, $330.9 million and $294.8 million, respectively, attributable to CAP units granted to participants in each of those years. In addition, during the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003, the Company recognized expense of $144.0 million, $176.0 million and $193.0 million, respectively, attributable to CAP units with respect to the earnings adjustment. Awards allocated pursuant to the CAP Plan are credited to participants’ deferred compensation accounts in the form of CAP units and are included in stockholders’ equity.

RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT PLAN

The Restricted Stock Unit Plan (“RSU Plan”) provides for a portion of certain key employees’ compensation to be granted in the form of restricted stock units (“RSUs”), with allocations made to participants’ deferred compensation accounts. Under the RSU Plan, RSUs granted to employees have various vesting provisions and generally convert to common stock within four years. Such units are restricted from sale, transfer or assignment until the end of the restriction period. Holders of RSUs generally may forfeit ownership of a portion of their award if employment is terminated before the end of the vesting period. Holders of RSUs are entitled to receive a dividend in the form of additional RSUs, based on dividends declared on the Company’s common stock. The total number of RSUs that may be granted under the RSU Plan may not exceed 15,000,000. As of November 30, 2005, the total number of RSUs outstanding was 8,657,602.

The Company measures compensation cost for RSUs based on the fair market value of its common stock at the award date. A portion related to current service is expensed in the year of the award and that portion relating to future service is amortized over the vesting period. Amounts awarded and deferred pursuant to the RSU Plan and the unamortized portion of these amounts are shown as separate components of stockholders’ equity. During the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003, the Company recognized compensation expense of $130.5 million, $114.2 million and $111.9 million, respectively, related to these awards.

STOCK AWARD PLAN

Pursuant to the Stock Award Plan, certain key employees are given the opportunity to acquire common stock through the grant of options. Stock options generally have a 10-year expiration. The total number of stock options that may be issued under the Stock Award Plan may not exceed 40,000,000. As of November 30, 2005, the total number of stock options outstanding was 23,873,136.

Effective December 1, 2002, the Company has adopted fair value accounting for stock-based compensation consistent with SFAS No. 123, using the prospective method with guidance provided by SFAS No. 148. As a result, commencing

99



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

with options granted after November 30, 2002, the Company expenses the fair value of stock options issued to employees over the related vesting period. Prior to December 1, 2002, the Company elected to account for its stock-based compensation plans using the intrinsic value method prescribed by APB No. 25, as permitted by SFAS No. 123. Under the provisions of APB No. 25, compensation cost for stock options is measured as the excess, if any, of the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant over the amount an employee must pay to acquire the stock. Accordingly, no compensation expense had been recognized for stock option awards prior to December 1, 2002 because the exercise price was at the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date.

The Company awarded approximately $108 million, $110 million and $110 million of employee stock options in fiscal 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively, of which approximately $99 million, $90 million and $90 million were immediately vested and expensed in fiscal 2005, fiscal 2004 and fiscal 2003, respectively. The balance of the unvested awards will be expensed over the future vesting periods, generally over three years. In fiscal 2005, fiscal 2004 and fiscal 2003, the Company recognized total compensation expense related to stock options of $123.2 million, $98.9 million and $92.7 million, respectively.

Fair value was estimated at grant date based on a modified Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The weighted average fair value of options granted related to the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003 was $26.50, $26.00 and $19.36 per option, respectively. These amounts reflect adjustments for vesting requirements and potential maturity shortening.

The following table highlights the assumptions used for the fiscal years ended November 30:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 

2003

 













 

Risk-free interest rate

 

 

 

4.46

%

 

 

4.24

%

 

3.17

%

Expected option life

 

 

 

5 years

 

 

 

5 years

 

 

5 years

 

Expected stock price volatility

 

 

 

21

%

 

 

24

%

 

27

%

Dividend yield

 

 

 

0.90

%

 

 

1.45

%

 

1.11

%













 

NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTORS’ STOCK OPTION AND STOCK UNIT PLAN

Pursuant to the Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option and Stock Unit Plan (“Directors’ Plan”), members of the Board of Directors of the Company who are not employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries (“Non-Employee Directors”) may be offered the opportunity to acquire common stock through the grant of options and will receive common stock on the vesting of RSUs. Non-Employee Directors may elect to exchange a portion of their annual cash retainer paid by the Company for services rendered as a director, for stock options or RSUs. Stock options and RSUs issued under the plan generally vest six months after the date of issuance and stock options have a 10-year expiration. The total number of stock options and RSUs combined that may be issued under the Directors’ Plan may not exceed 300,000. As of November 30, 2005, the total number of stock options and RSUs outstanding was 106,043 and 19,007, respectively.

100



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

SUMMARY OF ALL STOCK UNIT AND OPTION ACTIVITY

The following is a summary of CAP units and RSUs outstanding:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cap Units

 

RSUs(2)

 








 

 

Balance, November 30, 2002

 

 

 

39,470,584

 

 

 

9,876,842

 

 

Granted(1)

 

 

 

6,785,704

 

 

 

2,386,795

 

 

Forfeited

 

 

 

(230,740

)

 

 

(458,073

)

 

Distributed

 

 

 

(13,230,305

)

 

 

(1,436,785

)

 










 

 

Balance, November 30, 2003

 

 

 

32,795,243

 

 

 

10,368,779

 

 

Granted(1)

 

 

 

5,213,688

 

 

 

1,707,215

 

 

Forfeited

 

 

 

(147,139

)

 

 

(771,777

)

 

Distributed

 

 

 

(4,604,225

)

 

 

(1,394,443

)

 










 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance, November 30, 2004

 

 

 

33,257,567

 

 

 

9,909,774

 

 

Granted(1)

 

 

 

4,679,369

 

 

 

2,198,554

 

 

Forfeited

 

 

 

(40,020

)

 

 

(392,243

)

 

Distributed

 

 

 

(12,073,202

)

 

 

(3,039,476

)

 










 

 

Balance, November 30, 2005

 

 

 

25,823,714

 

 

 

8,676,609

 

 










 

 

(1) Average market price for units granted was $112.01, $96.06 and $72.01 for fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

(2) Includes 208,907; 1,162,632; 2,267,594; and 3,381,903 RSUs outstanding as of November 30, 2005, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, which were granted under a one-time award.

In December 2005, 6,809,175 CAP units and 1,239,897 RSUs were converted into common shares and distributed to participants. This distribution is not reflected in the table above.

Activity with respect to stock options for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003 is presented below:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 

2003

 
















 

 

 

 

Number of
Shares

 

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price

 

 

Number of
Shares

 

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price

 

Number of
Shares

 

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price

 
















 

Beginning balance

 

 

 

23,401,445

 

$

67.94

 

 

 

23,810,849

 

$

58.91

 

 

20,454,067

 

$

53.12

 

Granted

 

 

 

4,075,475

 

$

115.83

 

 

 

4,352,561

 

$

102.34

 

 

5,727,498

 

$

73.70

 

Exercised

 

 

 

(3,398,603

)

$

59.39

 

 

 

(4,402,820

)

$

53.36

 

 

(1,869,506

)

$

41.72

 

Forfeited

 

 

 

(99,138

)

$

65.44

 

 

 

(359,145

)

$

61.93

 

 

(501,210

)

$

55.73

 






















 

Ending balance

 

 

 

23,979,179

(1)

$

77.31

 

 

 

23,401,445

(1)

$

67.94

 

 

23,810,849

(1)

$

58.91

 

(1) 21,826,644; 13,225,173 and 6,808,154 stock options were exercisable with a weighted average exercise price of $76.09, $70.69 and $63.98 at November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

101



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

Information for the Company’s stock options as of November 30, 2005 is presented in the following table:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Options Outstanding

 

Options Exercisable

 







 

 

 

 

 

 

Average

 

 

 

 

Weighted

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted

 

Remaining

 

 

 

Average

 

Range of

 

Number

 

Average

 

Contractual

 

Number

 

Exercise

 

Exercise Prices

 

Outstanding

 

Exercise Price

 

Life (Years)

 

Exercisable

 

Price

 













$35.00-$49.99

 

 

 

4,402,391

 

 

 

$

47.07

 

 

 

 

4.8

 

 

 

 

4,402,391

 

 

 

$

47.07

 

 

$50.00-$64.99

 

 

 

6,940,114

 

 

 

$

60.47

 

 

 

 

6.5

 

 

 

 

6,936,908

 

 

 

$

60.47

 

 

$65.00-$79.99

 

 

 

4,278,799

 

 

 

$

73.72

 

 

 

 

8.0

 

 

 

 

3,180,687

 

 

 

$

73.72

 

 

$80.00-$94.99

 

 

 

40,750

 

 

 

$

86.20

 

 

 

 

8.2

 

 

 

 

23,149

 

 

 

$

86.26

 

 

$95.00-$109.99

 

 

 

4,492,856

 

 

 

$

102.63

 

 

 

 

9.1

 

 

 

 

3,712,453

 

 

 

$

102.63

 

 

$110.00-$124.99

 

 

 

3,824,269

 

 

 

$

116.83

 

 

 

 

10.0

 

 

 

 

3,571,056

 

 

 

$

116.67

 

 

 

 

 



 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

 

 

23,979,179

 

 

 

$

77.31

 

 

 

 

7.5

 

 

 

 

21,826,644

 

 

 

$

76.09

 

 

 

 

 



 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 



 

 

 

 

 

 

 


14. CUSTOMER ACTIVITIES

CUSTOMER CREDIT RISKS

The Company’s clearance activities for both clearing clients and customers (collectively, “customers”), involve the execution, settlement and financing of customers’ securities and futures transactions. Customers’ securities activities are transacted on either a cash or margin basis, while customers’ futures transactions are generally transacted on a margin basis subject to exchange regulations.

In connection with the customer clearance activities, the Company executes and clears customer transactions involving the sale of securities short (“short sales”), entering into futures transactions and the writing of option contracts. Short sales require the Company to borrow securities to settle customer short sale transactions and as such, these transactions may expose the Company to loss if customers are unable to fulfill their contractual obligations and customers’ collateral balances are insufficient to fully cover their losses. In the event customers fail to satisfy their obligations, the Company may be required to purchase financial instruments at prevailing market prices in order to fulfill the customers’ obligations.

The Company seeks to control the risks associated with its customers’ activities by requiring customers to maintain margin collateral in compliance with various regulatory and internal guidelines. The Company monitors required margin levels and, pursuant to such guidelines, may require customers to deposit additional cash or collateral, or to reduce positions, when deemed necessary. The Company also establishes credit limits for customers engaged in futures activities and monitors credit compliance. Additionally, with respect to the Company’s correspondent clearing activities, introducing correspondent firms generally guarantee the contractual obligations of their customers. Further, the Company seeks to reduce credit risk by entering into netting agreements with customers, which permit receivables and payables with such customers to be offset in the event of a customer default.

In connection with the Company’s customer financing and securities settlement activities, the Company may pledge customers’ securities as collateral to satisfy the Company’s exchange margin deposit requirements or to support its various secured financing sources such as bank loans, securities loaned and repurchase agreements. In the event counterparties are unable to meet their contractual obligations to return customers’ securities pledged as collateral, the Company may be exposed to the risk of acquiring the securities at prevailing market prices to satisfy its obligations to such customers. The Company seeks to control this risk by monitoring the market value of securities pledged and by requiring adjustments of collateral levels in the event of excess exposure. Moreover, the Company establishes credit limits for such activities and monitors credit compliance.

102



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

 

CONCENTRATIONS OF CREDIT RISKS

 

The Company is engaged in providing securities processing services to a diverse group of individuals and institutional investors, including affiliates. A substantial portion of the Company’s transactions are collateralized and are executed with, or made on behalf of, institutional investors, including other brokers and dealers, commercial banks, insurance companies, pension plans, mutual funds, hedge funds and other financial institutions. The Company’s exposure to credit risk, associated with the non-performance of customers in fulfilling their contractual obligations pursuant to securities and futures transactions, can be directly affected by volatile or illiquid trading markets, which may impair customers’ ability to satisfy their obligations to the Company. The Company attempts to minimize credit risk associated with these activities by monitoring customers’ credit exposure and collateral values and requiring, when deemed necessary, additional collateral to be deposited with the Company.

 

A significant portion of the Company’s securities processing activities includes clearing transactions for hedge funds, brokers and dealers and other professional traders, including affiliates. Due to the nature of their operations, which may include significant levels of credit extension such as leveraged purchases, short selling and option writing, the Company may have significant credit exposure should these customers be unable to meet their commitments. In addition, the Company may be subject to concentration risk through providing margin to those customers holding large positions in certain types of securities, securities of a single issuer, including sovereign governments, issuers located in a particular country or geographic area or issuers engaged in a particular industry, where the Company receives such large positions as collateral. The Company seeks to control these risks by monitoring margin collateral levels for compliance with both regulatory and internal guidelines. Additional collateral is obtained when necessary. To further control these risks, the Company has developed computerized risk control systems that analyze the customers’ sensitivity to major market movements. The Company will require customers to deposit additional margin collateral, or to reduce positions if it is determined that customers’ activities may be subject to above-normal market risk.

 

The Company acts as a clearing broker for substantially all of the customer and proprietary securities and futures activities of its affiliates on either a fully disclosed or omnibus basis. Such activities are conducted on either a cash or margin basis. The Company requires its affiliates to maintain margin collateral in compliance with various regulatory guidelines. The Company monitors required margin levels and requests additional collateral when deemed appropriate.


15. INCOME TAXES

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries file a US consolidated federal income tax return. The provision for income taxes for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003 consisted of the following:


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 

2003

 










 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 













 

CURRENT:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

 

$

448,843

 

 

$

568,972

 

$

594,442

 

State and local

 

 

 

59,032

 

 

 

125,332

 

 

156,451

 

Foreign

 

 

 

124,070

 

 

 

65,692

 

 

49,800

 













 

Total current

 

 

 

631,945

 

 

 

759,996

 

 

800,693

 













 

DEFERRED:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

 

 

93,860

 

 

 

(28,519

)

 

(133,688

)

State and local

 

 

 

35,247

 

 

 

(34,485

)

 

(52,700

)

Foreign

 

 

 

(16,170

)

 

 

(19,571

)

 

1,558

 













 

Total deferred

 

 

 

112,937

 

 

 

(82,575

)

 

(184,830

)













 

Total provision for income taxes

 

 

$

744,882

 

 

$

677,421

 

$

615,863

 













 

103



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

As of November 30, 2005, the Company had approximately $961 million in accumulated earnings permanently reinvested overseas. If such income were repatriated, additional federal income tax (net of available tax credits) at current tax rates would be approximately $195 million.

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets (liabilities) as of November 30, 2005 and 2004 were as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 










 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 










 

DEFERRED TAX ASSETS:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred compensation

 

 

$

1,233,847

 

 

$

1,229,316

 

Liability reserves and valuation adjustments

 

 

 

168,274

 

 

 

202,689

 

Unrealized loss

 

 

 

18,869

 

 

 

33,649

 

Other

 

 

 

126,559

 

 

 

125,371

 










 

Total deferred tax assets

 

 

 

1,547,549

 

 

 

1,591,025

 










 

DEFERRED TAX LIABILITIES:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unrealized appreciation

 

 

 

(123,341

)

 

 

(101,653

)

Depreciation/amortization

 

 

 

(45,893

)

 

 

(30,386

)

Other

 

 

 

(32,687

)

 

 

(421

)










 

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

 

 

(201,921

)

 

 

(132,460

)










 

Net deferred tax assets

 

 

$

1,345,628

 

 

$

1,458,565

 










 

At November 30, 2005 and 2004, no valuation allowance has been established against deferred tax assets since it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized.

The Company is under continuous examination by various tax authorities in jurisdictions in which the Company has significant business operations. The Company regularly assesses the likelihood of additional assessments in each of the tax jurisdictions resulting from these examinations. Tax reserves have been established, which the Company believes to be adequate in relation to the potential for additional assessments. Once established, reserves are adjusted as information becomes available or when an event requiring a change to the reserve occurs. The resolution of tax matters could have a material impact on the Company’s effective tax rate.

A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rates to the Company’s effective tax rates for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003 was as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 

 

2003

 

 









 

 

Statutory rate

 

 

 

35.0

%

 

 

 

35.0

%

 

 

 

35.0

%

 

State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit

 

 

 

2.7

 

 

 

 

2.9

 

 

 

 

3.8

 

 

Tax-exempt interest income and dividend exclusion

 

 

 

(2.1

)

 

 

 

(2.3

)

 

 

 

(2.8

)

 

Domestic tax credits

 

 

 

(0.5

)

 

 

 

(0.5

)

 

 

 

(0.3

)

 

Other, net

 

 

 

(1.3

)

 

 

 

(1.6

)

 

 

 

(0.9

)

 
















 

 

Effective tax rate

 

 

 

33.8

%

 

 

 

33.5

%

 

 

 

34.8

%

 
















 

 

104



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

Not included in the effective tax rate is the effect of approximately $426.1 million, $163.9 million and $247.5 million in income tax benefits attributable to the distribution of common stock under the CAP Plan and other deferred compensation plans as well as the exercise of options, credited directly to paid-in capital, for fiscal 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

16. REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

Bear Stearns and BSSC are registered broker-dealers and, accordingly, are subject to Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Net Capital Rule”) and the capital rules of the NYSE, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and other principal exchanges of which Bear Stearns and BSSC are members. At November 30, 2005, Bear Stearns’ net capital of $1.27 billion exceeded the minimum requirement by $1.18 billion. Bear Stearns’ net capital computation, as defined, includes $792.0 million, which is net capital of BSSC in excess of 5.5% of aggregate debit items arising from customer transactions.

BSIL and Bear Stearns International Trading Limited (“BSIT”), London-based broker-dealer subsidiaries, are subject to the regulatory capital requirements of the Financial Services Authority.

BSB, an Ireland-based bank principally involved in the trading and sales of fixed income products, is registered in Ireland and is subject to the regulatory capital requirements of the Irish Financial Services Regulatory Authority.

At November 30, 2005, Bear Stearns, BSSC, BSIL, BSIT and BSB were in compliance with their respective regulatory capital requirements.

Regulatory rules, as well as certain covenants contained in various instruments governing indebtedness of the Company, Bear Stearns and other regulated subsidiaries, may restrict the Company’s ability to withdraw capital from its regulated subsidiaries, which in turn could limit the Company’s ability to pay dividends. Also, the Company’s broker-dealer subsidiaries and other regulated subsidiaries are subject to minimum capital requirements that may restrict the Company’s ability to withdraw capital from its regulated subsidiaries, which in turn could limit the Company’s ability to pay dividends. At November 30, 2005, approximately $3.75 billion in equity capital of Bear Stearns, BSSC, BSIL, BSIT and BSB was restricted as to the payment of cash dividends and advances to the Company.

In June 2004, the SEC adopted rule amendments to “Alternative Net Capital Requirements for Broker-Dealers That Are Part of Consolidated Supervised Entities” (Rule 34-49830) that allow investment banks to voluntarily submit to be regulated by the SEC on a global consolidated basis. These regulations (referred to as CSE) were in response to what is known as the “Financial Conglomerates Directive” (2002/87/EC) of the European Parliament, which served to compel globally active institutions doing business in Europe to be regulated on a global consolidated basis. During fiscal 2005, the Company applied to the SEC to be regulated under this new CSE regime. The application filed with the SEC by Bear Stearns, the Company’s principal US broker-dealer, under the net capital rule amendments, was approved in November 2005. As a result, effective December 1, 2005, Bear Stearns will use alternative methods of computing market and derivative-related credit risk, and, as a condition of using these methods, the Company has consented to consolidated supervision by the SEC. The new framework will be a notable change in the Company’s regulation, as activities which are currently transacted outside of SEC regulated entities will come under the scope of certain SEC regulations and capital adequacy oversight. In particular, the Company will: compute allowable capital and allowances for market, credit and operational risk on a consolidated basis in accordance with standards prescribed in Appendix G to the Net Capital Rules; permit the SEC to examine the books and records of the Parent Company and any affiliate that does not have a principal regulator; and adopt various additional SEC reporting, record-keeping and notification requirements. Additionally, the Company must comply with the provisions of Rule 15c3-4 of the Exchange Act with respect to a group-wide internal risk management control system in the affiliate group as if it were an OTC derivative dealer, subject to certain limitations. The Company is now deemed a CSE and is in compliance with regulatory capital requirements.

105



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has commitments in connection with various activities, the most significant of which are as follows:

LEASES

The Company occupies office space under leases that expire at various dates through 2024. At November 30, 2005, future minimum aggregate annual rentals payable under non-cancelable leases (net of subleases), including 383 Madison Avenue in New York City, for fiscal years ended November 30, 2006 through 2010 and the aggregate amount thereafter, are as follows:

 

 

 

 

 





 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 





 

FISCAL YEAR

 

 

 

 

2006

 

$

74,971

 

2007

 

 

78,090

 

2008

 

 

77,946

 

2009

 

 

72,452

 

2010

 

 

56,363

 

Thereafter

 

 

212,844

 





 

The various leases contain provisions for periodic escalations resulting from increased operating and other costs. Rental expense, including escalations and net of sublease rental income, under these leases was $134.2 million, $111.4 million and $108.1 million for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

LENDING-RELATED COMMITMENTS

In connection with certain of the Company’s business activities, the Company provides financing or financing commitments to investment grade and non-investment-grade companies in the form of senior and subordinated debt, including bridge financing. Commitments have varying maturity dates and are generally contingent on the accuracy and validity of certain representations, warranties and contractual conditions applicable to the borrower. Lending-related commitments to investment grade borrowers aggregated approximately $2.37 billion and $2.58 billion at November 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Of this amount, approximately $652.5 million and $511.0 million was hedged at November 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Lending-related commitments to non-investment-grade borrowers approximated $1.44 billion and $2.19 billion at November 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

The Company also had contingent commitments to investment grade and non-investment-grade companies of approximately $3.89 billion and $1.98 billion as of November 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Generally, these commitments are provided in connection with leveraged acquisitions. These commitments are not indicative of the Company’s actual risk because the borrower may never draw upon the commitment. In fact, the borrower may not be successful in the acquisition, the borrower may access the capital markets instead of drawing on the commitment, or the Company’s portion of the commitment may be reduced through the syndication process. Additionally, the borrower’s ability to draw may be subject to there being no material adverse change in either market conditions or the borrower’s financial condition, among other factors. These commitments generally contain certain flexible pricing features to adjust for changing market conditions prior to closing.

106



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

PRIVATE EQUITY-RELATED INVESTMENTS AND PARTNERSHIPS

In connection with the Company’s merchant banking activities, the Company has commitments to invest in merchant banking and private equity-related investment funds as well as commitments to invest directly in private equity-related investments. At November 30, 2005 and 2004, such commitments aggregated $222.1 million and $338.3 million, respectively. These commitments will be funded, if called, through the end of the respective investment periods, with the longest of such periods ending in 2014.

UNDERWRITING

In connection with the Company’s mortgage-backed securitizations and fixed income underwriting, the Company had commitments to purchase new issues of securities aggregating $943.1 million and $418.2 million, respectively, at November 30, 2005 and 2004.

COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL LOANS

The Company participates in the acquisition, securitization, servicing, financing and disposition of commercial and residential loans. At November 30, 2005 and 2004, the Company had entered into commitments to purchase or finance mortgage loans of $5.1 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively.

LETTERS OF CREDIT

At November 30, 2005 and 2004, the Company was contingently liable for unsecured letters of credit of approximately $2.50 billion and $2.40 billion, respectively, and letters of credit of $985.6 million and $1.19 billion, respectively, secured by financial instruments, primarily used to provide collateral for securities borrowed and to satisfy margin requirements at option and commodity exchanges.

OTHER

The Company had commitments to purchase Chapter 13 and other credit card receivables of $159.8 million and $82.5 million respectively, at November 30, 2005 and 2004.

The Company has executed a set of contractual arrangements providing for the extension of credit under certain limitations with a merchant power generator. The limit of this facility is $350 million, is subject to various operating limits and secured by various forms of collateral. The Company receives a fee based on actual utilization of the facility. This facility has a term of one year expiring November 30, 2006 and is renewable on a quarterly basis with the mutual consent of each party. There were no borrowings outstanding under this facility at November 30, 2005.

With respect to certain of the commitments outlined above, the Company utilizes various hedging strategies to actively manage its market, credit and liquidity exposures. Additionally, since these commitments may expire unused, the total commitment amount may not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements.

LITIGATION

On December 15, 2005, the Company announced that an offer of settlement had been submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the NYSE to resolve the previously disclosed investigations relating to mutual fund trading. The settlement offer, which was negotiated with the staffs of the SEC and the NYSE and will be recommended by them, is subject to approval by the respective regulators. Terms include a payment of $250 million and retention of independent consultants to review aspects of its mutual fund trading and global clearing operations. At November 30, 2005, the Company was fully reserved for this settlement.

In the normal course of business, the Company has been named as a defendant in various legal actions, including arbitrations, class actions and other litigation. Certain of the legal actions include claims for substantial compensatory and/or punitive damages or claims for indeterminate amounts of damages. The Company is also involved in other

107



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

reviews, investigations and proceedings by governmental and self-regulatory agencies regarding the Company’s business, certain of which may result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, injunctions or other relief.

Because litigation is inherently unpredictable, particularly in cases where claimants seek substantial or indeterminate damages or where investigations and proceedings are in the early stages, the Company cannot predict with certainty the loss or range of loss related to such matters, how such matters will be resolved, when they will ultimately be resolved, or what the eventual settlement, fine, penalty or other relief might be. Consequently, the Company cannot estimate losses or ranges of losses for matters where there is only a reasonable possibility that a loss may have been incurred. Although the ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be ascertained at this time, it is the opinion of management, after consultation with counsel, that the resolution of the foregoing matters will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition of the Company; taken as a whole, such resolution may, however, have a material effect on the operating results in any future period, depending on the level of income for such period.

The Company has provided reserves for such matters in accordance with SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies.” The ultimate resolution may differ materially from the amounts reserved.

18. GUARANTEES

In the ordinary course of business, the Company issues various guarantees to counterparties in connection with certain derivative, leasing, securitization and other transactions. FIN No. 45, “Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others” requires the Company to recognize a liability at the inception of certain guarantees and to disclose information about its obligations under certain guarantee arrangements.

The guarantees covered by FIN No. 45 include contracts that contingently require the guarantor to make payments to the guaranteed party based on changes related to an asset, a liability or an equity security of the guaranteed party, contracts that contingently require the guarantor to make payments to the guaranteed party based on another entity’s failure to perform under an agreement and indirect guarantees of the indebtedness of others, even though the payment to the guaranteed party may not be based on changes to an asset, liability or equity security of the guaranteed party. In addition, FIN No. 45 covers certain indemnification agreements that contingently require the guarantor to make payments to the indemnified party, such as an adverse judgment in a lawsuit or the imposition of additional taxes due to either a change in the tax law or an adverse interpretation of the tax law.

The following table sets forth the maximum payout/notional amounts associated with the Company’s guarantees as of November 30, 2005:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amount of Guarantee Expiration Per Period




(in millions)

 

Less Than
One Year

 

One to Three
Years

 

Three to
Five Years

 

Greater
Than Five
Years

 

Total

 













Certain derivatives contracts (notional)(1)

 

$

148,692

 

$

217,712

 

$

114,724

 

$

97,142

 

$

578,270

 

Municipal securities

 

 

2,459

 

 

317

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,776

 

Residual value guarantee

 

 

 

 

 

 

570

 

 

 

 

570

 


















(1) The carrying value of these derivatives approximated $3.1 billion as of November 30, 2005.

DERIVATIVE CONTRACTS

The Company’s dealer activities cause it to make markets and trade a variety of derivative instruments. Certain derivatives contracts that the Company has entered into meet the accounting definition of a guarantee under FIN No. 45. Derivatives that meet the FIN No. 45 definition of guarantees include credit default swaps (whereby a default or

108



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

significant change in the credit quality of the underlying financial instrument may obligate the Company to make a payment), put options, as well as floors, caps and collars. Since the Company does not track the counterparties’ purpose for entering into a derivative contract, it has disclosed derivatives contracts that are likely to be used to protect against a change in an underlying financial instrument, regardless of their actual use.

On certain of these contracts, such as written interest rate caps and foreign currency options, the maximum payout cannot be quantified since the increase in interest rates and foreign exchange rates is not contractually limited by the terms of the contracts. As such, the Company has disclosed notional amounts as a measure of the extent of its involvement in these classes of derivatives rather than maximum payout. Notional amounts do not represent the maximum payout and generally overstate the Company’s exposure to these contracts. These derivatives contracts are recorded at fair value, which approximated $3.1 billion at November 30, 2005.

In connection with these activities, the Company attempts to mitigate its exposure to market risk by entering into a variety of offsetting derivatives contracts and security positions. For a discussion of derivatives, see Risk Management and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

MUNICIPAL SECURITIES

In 1997, the Company established a program whereby it created a series of municipal securities trusts in which it has retained interests. These trusts purchase fixed-rate, long-term, highly rated, insured or escrowed municipal bonds financed by the issuance of trust certificates. Certain of the trust certificates entitle the holder to receive future payments of principal and variable interest and to tender such certificates at the option of the holder on a periodic basis. The Company acts as placement agent and as liquidity provider. The purpose of the program is to allow the Company’s clients to purchase synthetic short-term, floating-rate municipal debt that does not otherwise exist in the marketplace. In the Company’s capacity as liquidity provider to the trusts, the maximum exposure to loss at November 30, 2005 was approximately $2.78 billion, which represents the outstanding amount of all trust certificates. This exposure to loss is mitigated by the underlying municipal bonds. The underlying municipal bonds in the trusts are either AAA or AA-rated, insured or escrowed to maturity. Such bonds had a market value, net of related hedges, approximating $2.84 billion at November 30, 2005.

RESIDUAL VALUE GUARANTEE

The Company has entered into an operating lease arrangement for its world headquarters at 383 Madison Avenue in New York City (the “Synthetic Lease”). Under the terms of the Synthetic Lease, the Company is obligated to make monthly payments based on the lessor's underlying interest costs. The Synthetic Lease expires on August 14, 2009 unless both parties agree to a renewal prior to expiration. At the expiration date of the Synthetic Lease, the Company has the right to purchase the building for the amount of the then outstanding indebtedness of the lessor or to arrange for the sale of the property with the proceeds of the sale to be used to satisfy the lessor's debt obligation. If the sale of the property does not generate sufficient proceeds to satisfy the lessor's debt obligation, the Company is required to fund the shortfall up to a maximum residual value guarantee. As of November 30, 2005, there was no expected shortfall and the maximum residual value guarantee approximated $570 million.

INDEMNIFICATIONS

The Company provides representations and warranties to counterparties in connection with a variety of commercial transactions, including certain asset sales and securitizations and occasionally indemnifies them against potential losses caused by the breach of those representations and warranties. To mitigate these risks with respect to assets being securitized that have been originated by third parties, the Company seeks to obtain appropriate representations and warranties from such third-party originators upon acquisition of such assets. The Company generally performs due diligence on assets purchased and maintains underwriting standards for assets originated. The Company may also provide indemnifications to some counterparties to protect them in the event additional taxes are owed or payments are

109



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

withheld, due either to a change in or adverse application of certain tax laws. These indemnifications generally are standard contractual terms and are entered into in the normal course of business. Generally, there are no stated or notional amounts included in these indemnifications, and the contingencies triggering the obligation to indemnify are not expected to occur.

Maximum payout information under these indemnifications is not readily available because of the number, size and lives of these transactions. In implementing this accounting interpretation, the Company reviewed its experience with the indemnifications on these structures. Based on such experience, it is unlikely that the Company will have to make significant payments under these arrangements.

OTHER GUARANTEES

The Company is a member of numerous exchanges and clearinghouses. Under the membership agreements, members are generally required to guarantee the performance of other members. Additionally, if a member becomes unable to satisfy its obligations to the clearinghouse, other members would be required to meet these shortfalls. To mitigate these performance risks, the exchanges and clearinghouses often require members to post collateral. The Company’s maximum potential liability under these arrangements cannot be quantified. However, the potential for the Company to be required to make payments under these arrangements is remote. Accordingly, no contingent liability is recorded in the consolidated financial statements for these arrangements.

19. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC AREA DATA

The Company operates in three principal segments — Capital Markets, Global Clearing Services and Wealth Management. These segments offer different products and services and are managed separately as different levels and types of expertise are required to effectively manage the segments’ transactions.

The Capital Markets segment comprises the institutional equities, fixed income and investment banking areas. The Capital Markets segment operates as a single integrated unit that provides the sales, trading and origination effort for various fixed income, equity and advisory products and services. Each of the three businesses work in tandem to deliver these services to institutional and corporate clients.

Institutional equities consists of research, sales and trading in areas such as domestic and international equities, block trading, convertible bonds, over-the-counter equities, equity derivatives, risk and convertible arbitrage and the NYSE, AMEX and ISE specialist activities. Fixed income includes sales, trading and research provided to institutional clients across a variety of products such as mortgage- and asset-backed securities, corporate and government bonds, municipal bonds, high yield products, foreign exchange and interest rate and credit derivatives. Investment banking provides services in capital raising, strategic advice, mergers and acquisitions and merchant banking. Capital raising encompasses the Company’s underwriting of equity, investment grade, municipal and high yield debt products.

The Global Clearing Services segment provides execution, clearing, margin lending and securities borrowing to facilitate customer short sales to clearing clients worldwide. Prime brokerage clients include hedge funds and clients of money managers, short sellers and other professional investors. Fully disclosed clients engage in either the retail or institutional brokerage business.

The Wealth Management segment is composed of the PCS and asset management areas. PCS provides high-net-worth individuals with an institutional level of investment service, including access to the Company’s resources and professionals. Asset management manages equity, fixed income and alternative assets for leading corporate pension plans, public systems, endowments, foundations, multi-employer plans, insurance companies, corporations, families and high-net-worth individuals in the US and abroad.

110



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

The three business segments comprise many business areas, with interactions among each. Revenues and expenses include those that are directly related to each segment. Revenues from intersegment transactions are based upon specific criteria or agreed-upon rates with such amounts eliminated in consolidation. Individual segments also include revenues and expenses relating to various items, including corporate overhead and interest, which are internally allocated by the Company primarily based on balance sheet usage or expense levels. The Company generally evaluates performance of the segments based on net revenues and profit or loss before provision for income taxes.

Within the Capital Markets segment, certain servicing fees were reclassified from investment banking to fixed income during the quarter ended May 31, 2005. These reclassifications within the Capital Markets segment were made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year’s presentation.

111



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fiscal Years Ended November 30,

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 

2003

 










 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 













 

NET REVENUES (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Capital Markets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Institutional equities

 

 

$

1,409,603

 

 

$

1,071,609

 

$

932,567

 

Fixed income

 

 

 

3,251,333

 

 

 

3,186,741

 

 

2,972,192

 

Investment banking

 

 

 

980,459

 

 

 

1,072,770

 

 

914,558

 













 

Total Capital Markets

 

 

 

5,641,395

 

 

 

5,331,120

 

 

4,819,317

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Global Clearing Services

 

 

 

1,067,985

 

 

 

932,416

 

 

784,072

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Wealth Management

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Private client services (2)

 

 

 

450,181

 

 

 

441,242

 

 

378,787

 

Asset management

 

 

 

228,643

 

 

 

185,085

 

 

132,520

 













 

Total Wealth Management

 

 

 

678,824

 

 

 

626,327

 

 

511,307

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other (3)

 

 

 

22,590

 

 

 

(76,980

)

 

(120,205

)













 

Total net revenues

 

 

$

7,410,794

 

 

$

6,812,883

 

$

5,994,491

 













 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PRE-TAX INCOME

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Capital Markets

 

 

$

1,969,564

 

 

$

1,980,513

 

$

1,924,071

 

Global Clearing Services

 

 

 

526,148

 

 

 

404,312

 

 

245,531

 

Wealth Management

 

 

 

39,665

 

 

 

66,942

 

 

19,217

 

Other (3)

 

 

 

(328,318

)

 

 

(429,613

)

 

(416,550

)













 

Total pre-tax income

 

 

$

2,207,059

 

 

$

2,022,154

 

$

1,772,269

 













 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1) Certain prior year items have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(2) Private client services detail:

Gross revenues, before transfer to Capital Markets segment

 

 

$

543,767

 

 

$

526,122

 

$

477,227

 

Revenue transferred to Capital Markets segment

 

 

 

(93,586

)

 

 

(84,880

)

 

(98,440

)

 

 

 



 

 



 



 

Private client services net revenues

 

 

$

450,181

 

 

$

441,242

 

$

378,787

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(3) Includes consolidation and elimination entries, unallocated revenues (predominantly interest) and certain corporate administrative functions, including certain legal costs and costs related to the CAP Plan, which approximated $144.0 million, $176.0 million and $193.0 million for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively.


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

As of November 30,

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 

2003

 










 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 













 

SEGMENT ASSETS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Capital Markets

 

 

$

195,292,625

 

 

$

157,141,644

 

$

123,174,061

 

Global Clearing Services

 

 

 

85,625,396

 

 

 

87,793,151

 

 

79,251,142

 

Wealth Management

 

 

 

2,751,749

 

 

 

2,679,697

 

 

2,325,456

 

Other

 

 

 

8,965,463

 

 

 

8,335,402

 

 

7,417,451

 













 

Total segment assets

 

 

$

292,635,233

 

 

$

255,949,894

 

$

212,168,110

 













 

112



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

The operations of the Company are conducted primarily in the United States of America. The Company also maintains offices in Europe, Asia and Latin America. The following are net revenues, income before provision for income taxes and assets by geographic region for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005, 2004 and 2003:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2005

 

 

2004

 

2003

 










 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 













 

US net revenues

 

 

$

6,439,926

 

 

$

6,172,286

 

$

5,493,407

 

Non-US net revenues

 

 

 

970,868

 

 

 

640,597

 

 

501,084

 













 

Consolidated net revenues

 

 

$

7,410,794

 

 

$

6,812,883

 

$

5,994,491

 













 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

US income before provision for income taxes

 

 

$

1,882,484

 

 

$

1,920,038

 

$

1,704,898

 

Non-US income before provision for income taxes

 

 

 

324,575

 

 

 

102,116

 

 

67,371

 













 

Consolidated income before provision for income taxes

 

 

$

2,207,059

 

 

$

2,022,154

 

$

1,772,269

 













 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

US assets

 

 

$

346,267,057

 

 

$

330,035,057

 

$

279,673,476

 

Non-US assets

 

 

 

74,268,831

 

 

 

57,627,686

 

 

43,432,595

 

Eliminations

 

 

 

(127,900,655

)

 

 

(131,712,849

)

 

(110,937,961

)













 

Consolidated assets

 

 

$

292,635,233

 

 

$

255,949,894

 

$

212,168,110

 













 

Because of the international nature of the financial markets and the resultant integration of US and non-US services, it is difficult to precisely separate foreign operations. The Company conducts and manages these activities with a view toward the profitability of the Company as a whole. Accordingly, the foreign operations information is, of necessity, based on management judgments and internal allocations. Included within the Company’s US net revenues during fiscal 2005 and fiscal 2004 are the revenues of Bear Wagner Specialists LLC.

20. MAJORITY-OWNED JOINT VENTURE

The Company participates, through a majority-owned joint venture, in specialist activities on the NYSE, AMEX and ISE. For fiscal 2003, the Company included revenues from specialist activities in “Principal Transactions” revenues in the Consolidated Statement of Income. Due to the occurrence of a Control Event, as defined by the joint venture Operating Agreement, triggered in December 2003, the Company achieved a controlling interest in the joint venture. As a result, commencing in fiscal 2004, the Company began consolidating this entity. Included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at November 30, 2005 and 2004 are total assets of $1.7 billion and $1.8 billion, including approximately $323 million and $363 million of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, respectively.

113



NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

continued

21. QUARTERLY INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)

The unaudited quarterly results of operations of the Company for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2005 and 2004 are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which include industry practices, and reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for the periods presented. Results of any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quarters Ended,

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

February 28,
2005

 

May 31,
2005

 

August 31,
2005

 

November 30,
2005

 

Total

 












 

(in thousands, except per share data)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

















 

FISCAL YEAR ENDED NOVEMBER 30, 2005

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenues

 

$

2,622,369

 

$

2,823,580

 

$

2,925,394

 

$

3,181,104

 

$

11,552,447

 

Interest expense

 

 

784,709

 

 

950,028

 

 

1,113,114

 

 

1,293,802

 

 

4,141,653

 

















 

Revenues, net of interest expense

 

 

1,837,660

 

 

1,873,552

 

 

1,812,280

 

 

1,887,302

 

 

7,410,794

 

















 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-interest expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Employee compensation and benefits

 

 

906,775

 

 

922,908

 

 

850,985

 

 

872,548

 

 

3,553,216

 

Other

 

 

352,557

 

 

488,205

 

 

381,140

 

 

428,617

 

 

1,650,519

 

















 

Total non-interest expenses

 

 

1,259,332

 

 

1,411,113

 

 

1,232,125

 

 

1,301,165

 

 

5,203,735

 

















 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income before provision for income taxes

 

 

578,328

 

 

462,439

 

 

580,155

 

 

586,137

 

 

2,207,059

 

Provision for income taxes

 

 

199,523

 

 

164,329

 

 

201,850

 

 

179,180

 

 

744,882

 

















 

Net income

 

$

378,805

 

$

298,110

 

$

378,305

 

$

406,957

 

$

1,462,177

 

















 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic earnings per share (1)

 

$

2.94

 

$

2.32

 

$

2.96

 

$

3.21

 

$

11.42

 

Diluted earnings per share (1)

 

$

2.64

 

$

2.09

 

$

2.69

 

$

2.90

 

$

10.31

 

















 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash dividends declared per common share

 

$

0.25

 

$

0.25

 

$

0.25

 

$

0.25

 

$

1.00

 

















 


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quarters Ended,

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

 

 

 

February 29,
2004

 

May 31,
2004

 

August 31,
2004

 

November 30,
2004

 

Total

 












 

(in thousands, except per share data)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

















 

FISCAL YEAR ENDED NOVEMBER 30, 2004

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenues

 

$

2,081,445

 

$

2,063,798

 

$

1,894,353

 

$

2,382,306

 

$

8,421,902

 

Interest expense

 

 

355,522

 

 

340,260

 

 

359,588

 

 

553,649

 

 

1,609,019

 

















 

Revenues, net of interest expense

 

 

1,725,923

 

 

1,723,538

 

 

1,534,765

 

 

1,828,657

 

 

6,812,883

 

















 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-interest expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Employee compensation and benefits

 

 

849,148

 

 

860,053

 

 

743,038

 

 

801,623

 

 

3,253,862

 

Other

 

 

345,797

 

 

352,009

 

 

347,848

 

 

491,213

 

 

1,536,867

 

















 

Total non-interest expenses

 

 

1,194,945

 

 

1,212,062

 

 

1,090,886

 

 

1,292,836

 

 

4,790,729

 

















 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income before provision for income taxes

 

 

530,978

 

 

511,476

 

 

443,879

 

 

535,821

 

 

2,022,154

 

Provision for income taxes

 

 

169,913

 

 

163,673

 

 

160,620

 

 

183,215

 

 

677,421

 

















 

Net income

 

$

361,065

 

$

347,803

 

$

283,259

 

$

352,606

 

$

1,344,733

 

















 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic earnings per share (1)

 

$

2.88

 

$

2.77

 

$

2.31

 

$

2.91

 

$

10.88

 

Diluted earnings per share

 

$

2.57

 

$

2.49

 

$

2.09

 

$

2.61

 

$

9.76

 

















 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash dividends declared per common share

 

$

0.20

 

$

0.20

 

$

0.20

 

$

0.25

 

$

0.85

 

















 

(1) Due to rounding and/or the effect of averaging the number of shares of common stock and common stock equivalents throughout the year, the sum of the quarters’ earnings per share amounts does not equal the full fiscal year amount.

114



THE BEAR STEARNS COMPANIES INC.

CORPORATE INFORMATION

PRICE RANGE OF COMMON STOCK AND DIVIDENDS

The common stock of the Company is traded on the NYSE under the symbol BSC. The table below sets forth for the periods indicated the closing high and low prices for the common stock and the cash dividends declared on the common stock.

As of February 6, 2006, there were 1,614 holders of record of the Company’ s common stock. On February 6, 2006, the last reported sales price of the Company’ s common stock was $128.94.

Dividends are payable on January 15, April 15, July 15 and October 15 in each year on the Company’ s outstanding Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series E; Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series F; and Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series G (collectively, the “ Preferred Stock”). The terms of the Preferred Stock require that all accrued dividends in arrears be paid prior to the payment of any dividends on the common stock.

Since the Company is a holding company, its ability to pay dividends is limited by the ability of its subsidiaries to pay dividends and to make advances to the Company. See Note 16, “Regulatory Requirements,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a further description of the restrictions on dividends.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

High

Low   

Cash Dividends
Declared Per
Common Share

 








 

FISCAL YEAR ENDED NOVEMBER 30, 2005

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

First Quarter (through February 28, 2005)

 

$

106.68

 

$

96.65

 

$

0.25

 

Second Quarter (through May 31, 2005)

 

 

106.03

 

 

93.09

 

 

0.25

 

Third Quarter (through August 31, 2005)

 

 

107.21

 

 

97.96

 

 

0.25

 

Fourth Quarter (through November 30, 2005)

 

 

114.47

 

 

101.46

 

 

0.25

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FISCAL YEAR ENDED NOVEMBER 30, 2004

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

First Quarter (through February 29, 2004)

 

$

87.84

 

$

71.00

 

$

0.20

 

Second Quarter (through May 31, 2004)

 

 

91.09

 

 

76.62

 

 

0.20

 

Third Quarter (through August 31, 2004)

 

 

89.50

 

 

79.40

 

 

0.20

 

Fourth Quarter (through November 30, 2004)

 

 

98.55

 

 

86.25

 

 

0.25

 











 

115


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MCA@AK,5D$4<3%>YZM8U&HKG.5SE[/BKE557XJJJ0NYYBVZ@I5[$GTE=(^!R*G M\?9LV1.V]OQ3^W003YIXX4C'6+>9+];[?_4?4$TCG%M)%Z9S&R4UZ+-NQ%I!"VP^PV*-)WL:Q\B-3I.:U55J*O>J(KG*B?#I+^9D$3PM:L6CB M7.,HW4%VO7CCTCE46*[5L+TK%/\`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`?[*>3EI\[?U'CLC%I#+I#6J68'M=/3Z2ND?`YJI_'[MD3MO_ M`'3^UTL$+K#+#HHUG8QS&2*U.DUKE17(B]Z(JM:JI\>BGY&0B/1:8YCB7__5 MM,_%J'*ZS:I1WM7V\=3DM6M(YR.%F MQ%5)*;E555$:UK4L*KG*JHB-1%555$1%52H,G MTE=(^!R*G\?9LV1.V]OQ3^W003YIXX4C'6+>9+OU?;CR,-!VDBQJ*KEV)8VKL1%[BH,<\$-JO+7L11S02L5DDFW]]O>4>#S29RO9E2A;IK7L.KN996->DYJ)TE:Z-[VN1%56KL7L M9UUD:]NUDFP5\93?%'5R,]9J.?+91RJD3VHJJC M&)M7;W(!6`C\GBM)X3T7_5L_>H>FV^C];U-;BZ>S9MV=*=-NS:G=^:&3&X/3 M.9KNL8O-9*]`UZL=)5U);E:CMB+L56S*FW8J+L_=`*P$_P!3<7_59S[[=_S# MJ;B_ZK.??;O^8"@!/]3<7_59S[[=_P`PZFXO^JSGWV[_`)@*`$_U-Q?]5G/O MMW_,.IN+_JLY]]N_Y@*`$_U-Q?\`59S[[=_S#J;B_P"JSGWV[_F`H`3_`%-Q M?]5G/OMW_,.IN+_JLY]]N_Y@*`$_U-Q?]5G/OMW_`#'CWH=$8RY)3OZJGJ6H M]G3AGU59C>W:B*FUJS[4VHJ+_<"X!-P:4PMJO%8KW\S-!*Q'QR1Z@NN:]JIM M145)MBHJ=NTR=3<7_59S[[=_S`4`)_J;B_ZK.??;O^8=3<7_`%6<^^W?\P%` M"?ZFXO\`JLY]]N_YAU-Q?]5G/OMW_,!0`G^IN+_JLY]]N_YAU-Q?]5G/OMW_ M`#`4`)_J;B_ZK.??;O\`F'4W%_U6<^^W?\P%`"3K8V/#:ZQU>I:R3H+&,N/E MCM9&>RU7,EK(U425[D141[TVIL[U*P````````````````#_U^_@```````` M```````````````````````````````````````$_3]X>9X50\6V4!-W*>>J MZJMY3%T\;;@M4J]=S;5U\#F.B?,[:G1A>BHJ3)\4[E`\_5TKZFJL+==4O35V MTKD3GU*U* MT#%5&O1';.DUR;=GP4W/7-8?H6#^\S>5'KFL/T+!_>9O*D\^G"OECS>90`G_ M`%S6'Z%@_O,WE1ZYK#]"P?WF;RI"R@!/^N:P_0L']YF\J/7-8?H6#^\S>5`H M`3_KFL/T+!_>9O*CUS6'Z%@_O,WE0*`$_P"N:P_0L']YF\J/7-8?H6#^\S>5 M`H`3_KFL/T+!_>9O*CUS6'Z%@_O,WE0*`X5K/'Y+K[GI68?*S0S3Q/CE@Q\T MK'HE>)J['-:J+VM5._X'5?7-8?H6#^\S>5'KFL/T+!_>9O*EZ7FD\PY_$^&I MXG'_`,=]?Z9-%P35="Z>KV(I(9XL969)'(U6N8Y(FHJ*B]J*B]FP]PG_`%S6 M'Z%@_O,WE1ZYK#]"P?WF;RI1T*`$_P"N:P_0L']YF\J/7-8?H6#^\S>5`H`3 M_KFL/T+!_>9O*CUS6'Z%@_O,WE0*`$_ZYK#]"P?WF;RH]5`7/>'AN%7_%J%`3=.GGK6JJF4RE/&U(*M M*Q7:VK=?.Y[I7PNVKTH6(B(D*_%>]"D``````````````````````/_0[^`` M```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` M````````````````````````````````````````````/__1[^`````````` M```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` >````````````````````````````````````/__9 ` end EX-21 8 d66710_ex21.htm SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT

Exhibit 21

 

The following are subsidiaries of The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. as of November 30, 2005 and the jurisdictions in which they are organized. The names of certain subsidiaries have been omitted because in the aggregate they do not constitute a significant subsidiary as determined by the Company.

 

 

Jurisdiction of

Incorporation/

Subsidiary

Organization

 

 

Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc.

Delaware

 

Bear, Stearns Securities Corp.

Delaware

 

Bear, Stearns International Limited

United Kingdom

 

Bear Stearns Bank plc

Ireland

 

Bear Stearns Global Lending Limited

Cayman Islands

 

Custodial Trust Company

New Jersey

 

Bear Stearns Financial Products Inc.

Delaware

 

Bear Stearns Capital Markets Inc.

Delaware

 

Bear Stearns Credit Products Inc.

Delaware

 

Bear Stearns Forex Inc.

Delaware

 

EMC Mortgage Corporation

Delaware

 

Bear Stearns Commercial Mortgage, Inc.

New York

 

Bear Hunter Holdings LLC (1)

Delaware


(1)

Jointly owned by The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. and Hunter Partners LLC.

 

 

 

 

 

EX-23 9 d66710_ex23.htm CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED

Exhibit 23

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements of The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. of our reports dated February 10, 2006 relating to the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule of The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. (which reports express unqualified opinions and include explanatory paragraphs relating to the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” as amended by SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation - Transition and Disclosure, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 123,” in 2003, discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements), and to management’s report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting (which report expresses an unqualified opinion), appearing in or incorporated by reference in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005 and to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in the Prospectuses, which are part of these Registration Statements.

 

 

 

 

Filed on Form S-3:

 

 

Registration Statement No. 33-52053

 

 

Registration Statement No. 33-52701

 

 

Registration Statement No. 33-55673

 

 

Registration Statement No. 33-56009

 

 

Registration Statement No. 33-60065

 

 

Registration Statement No. 33-63561

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-03685

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-17985

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-31277

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-42295

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-43565

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-57083

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-61437

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-66861

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-79417

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-83049

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-31980

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-49876

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-52902

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-76894

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-104455

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-109793

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-121744

 

 

 

 

Filed on Form S-8:

 

 

Registration Statement No. 33-49979

 

 

Registration Statement No. 33-50012

 

 

Registration Statement No. 33-55804

 

 

Registration Statement No. 33-56103

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-16041

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-50928

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-57460

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-57661

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-58007

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-63002

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-66353

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-74200

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-81901

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-83580

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-86060

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-92357

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-101461

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-104006

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-106567

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-106631

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-108976

 

 

Registration Statement No. 333-116983

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

New York, New York
February 10, 2006


EX-31.1 10 d66710_ex31-1.htm CERTIFICATION

 

 

EXHIBIT 31.1

 

CERTIFICATION

 

I, James E. Cayne, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of The Bear Stearns Companies Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

a)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

b)

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

c)

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

d)

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

a)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

b)

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 13, 2006

/s/ James E. Cayne

James E. Cayne

Chairman of the Board,

Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

 

EX-31.2 11 d66710_ex31-2.htm CERTIFICATIONS

 

 

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION

 

I, Samuel L. Molinaro Jr., certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of The Bear Stearns Companies Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

a)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

b)

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

c)

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

d)

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

a)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

b)

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 13, 2006

 

/s/ Samuel L. Molinaro Jr.

Samuel L. Molinaro Jr.

Executive Vice President,

Chief Financial Officer

 

 

 

 

EX-32.1 12 d66710_ex32-1.htm CERTIFICATION

 

 

EXHIBIT 32.1

 

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

In connection with the Annual Report of The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, James E. Cayne, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

 

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date: February 13, 2006

 

/s/ James E. Cayne

James E. Cayne

Chairman of the Board,

Chief Executive Officer

 

 

 

EX-32.2 13 d66710_ex32-2.htm CERTIFICATION

 

 

EXHIBIT 32.2

 

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

In connection with the Annual Report of The Bear Stearns Companies Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Samuel L. Molinaro Jr., Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

 

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date: February 13, 2006

 

/s/ Samuel L. Molinaro Jr.

Samuel L. Molinaro Jr.

Executive Vice President,

Chief Financial Officer

 

 

 

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