EX-3.1 2 tv478197_ex3-1.htm EXHIBIT 3.1

Exhibit 3.1

CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT

TO THE

RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

Concurrent Computer Corporation, a corporation duly organized and existing under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “Corporation”), does hereby certify as follows:

1. The name of the corporation is “Concurrent Computer Corporation.”

2. The Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as amended (the “Restated Certificate of Incorporation”), is hereby amended by replacing the existing Article TWELFTH of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation in its entirety with the text of the amended Article TWELFTH attached hereto as Annex A (the “Amendment”).

3. In accordance with the provisions of Section 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), the Board of Directors of the Corporation duly adopted and approved the Amendment, deemed the Amendment advisable and directed that the Amendment be considered by the Corporation’s stockholders. Notice of the Amendment was duly given to the stockholders of the Corporation in accordance with Section 222 of the DGCL. The Amendment was adopted by the Corporation’s stockholders on October 25, 2017, in accordance Section 242 of the DGCL.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused its duly authorized officer to duly execute this Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation on this 26th day of October, 2017.

CONCURRENT COMPUTER CORPORATION


By:	/s/ Heather Asher
	Name:	Heather Asher
	Time:	Senior Counsel and Corporate Secretary

ANNEX A

AMENDMENT
TO THE
RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
CONCURRENT COMPUTER CORPORATION

TWELFTH: Restrictions on the transfer of shares of the Corporation’s capital stock are as follows:

Definitions and Interpretation.

The following capitalized terms have the meanings ascribed below when used in this Article TWELFTH with initial capital letters (and any references in this Article TWELFTH to any portions of Treasury Regulation § 1.382-2T shall include any successor provisions):

(i) “4.9% Transaction” has the meaning set forth in Article TWELFTH, Section B.

(ii) “4.9% Stockholder” means a Person whose Percentage Stock Ownership equals or exceeds 4.9% of the Corporation’s then-outstanding Capital Stock, whether directly or indirectly, and including Capital Stock such Person would be deemed to constructively own or which otherwise would be aggregated with Capital Stock owned by such Person pursuant to Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, or any successor provision or replacement provision and the applicable Treasury Regulations thereunder.

(iii) “Agent” has the meaning set forth in Article TWELFTH, Section E.

(iv) “Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Corporation (or a duly authorized committee thereof).

(v) “Capital Stock” means any interest that would be treated as “stock” of the Corporation pursuant to Treasury Regulation § 1.382-2(a)(3) or § 1.382-2T(f)(18).

(vi) “CDS” has the meaning set forth in Article TWELFTH, Section B.

(vii) “Common Stock” means the Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Corporation.

(viii) “Corporation Securities” means (1) Capital Stock, including Common Stock and Preferred Stock (other than Preferred Stock described in Section 1504(a)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code), and (2) warrants, rights, or options (including options within the meaning of Treasury Regulation § 1.382-2T(h)(4)(v)) to purchase Securities.

(ix) “DTC” has the meaning set forth in Article TWELFTH, Section B.

(x) “Effective Date” means the date of filing of this Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware.

(xi) “Excess Securities” has the meaning given such term in Article TWELFTH, Section D.

(xii) “Expiration Date” means the earliest of (1) the repeal of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code or any successor statute, if the Board of Directors determines that this Article TWELFTH is no longer necessary or desirable for the preservation of Tax Benefits, (2) the close of business on the first day of a taxable year of the Corporation as to which the Board of Directors determines that no Tax Benefits may be carried forward, (3) such date as the Board of Directors shall fix in accordance with Article TWELFTH, Section L and (4) the date of the Corporation’s annual meeting of stockholders to be held during calendar year 2018.

(xiii) “Internal Revenue Code” means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.

(xiv) Percentage Stock Ownership” means the percentage Stock Ownership interest of any Person or group (as the context may require) for purposes of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code as determined in accordance with the Treasury Regulation § 1.382-2T(g), (h), (j) and (k) or any successor provision.

(xv) “Person” means any individual, firm, corporation or other legal entity, including persons treated as an entity pursuant to Treasury Regulation § 1.382-3(a)(1)(i); and includes any successor (by merger or otherwise) of such entity.

(xvi) “Preferred Stock” means the Class A Preferred Stock, par value $100 per share, of the Corporation and the Series Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Corporation.

(xvii) “Prohibited Distributions” means any and all dividends or other distributions paid by the Corporation with respect to any Excess Securities received by a Purported Transferee.

(xviii) “Prohibited Transfer” means any Transfer or purported Transfer of Corporation Securities to the extent that such Transfer is prohibited or void under this Article TWELFTH.

(xix) “Proposed Transaction” has the meaning set forth in Article TWELFTH, Section C.

(xx) “Purported Transferee” has the meaning set forth in Article TWELFTH, Section D.

(xxi) “Request” has the meaning set forth in Article TWELFTH, Section C.

(xxii) “Requesting Person” has the meaning set forth in Article TWELFTH, Section C.

(xxiii) “Securities” and “Security” each has the meaning set forth in Article TWELFTH, Section G.

(xxiv) “Stock Ownership” means any direct or indirect ownership of Capital Stock, including any ownership by virtue of application of constructive ownership rules, with such direct, indirect, and constructive ownership determined under the provisions of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations thereunder.

(xxv) “Tax Benefits” means the net operating loss carryforwards, capital loss carryforwards, general business credit carryforwards, alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards and foreign tax credit carryforwards, as well as any loss or deduction attributable to a “net unrealized built-in loss” of the Corporation or any direct or indirect subsidiary thereof, within the meaning of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code.

(xxvi) “Transfer” means any direct or indirect sale, transfer, assignment, conveyance, pledge or other disposition or other action taken by a Person (other than the Corporation) that alters the Percentage Stock Ownership of any Person. A Transfer also shall include the creation or grant of an option (including an option within the meaning of Treasury Regulation § 1.382-4(d)). To avoid doubt, a Transfer shall not include the creation or grant of an option by the Corporation, nor shall a Transfer include the issuance of Capital Stock by the Corporation.

(xxvii) “Transferee” means any Person to whom Corporation Securities are Transferred.

(xxviii) “Treasury Regulations” means the regulations, including temporary regulations or any successor regulations promulgated under the Internal Revenue Code, as amended from time to time.

Transfer and Ownership Restrictions.

In order to preserve the Corporation’s ability to use the Tax Benefits to offset income until the Expiration Date, no Person (including, without limitation, the U.S. Government or any agency or instrumentality thereof) other than the Corporation shall, except as provided in Article TWELFTH, Section C, Transfer to any Person (and any such attempted Transfer shall be void ab initio) any direct or indirect interest in any Corporation Securities to the extent that such Transfer, if effective, would cause the transferee or any other Person to become a 4.9% Stockholder, or would cause the Percentage Stock Ownership of any 4.9% Stockholder to increase (any such Transfer, a “4.9% Transaction”). This Article TWELFTH, Section B shall not preclude either the Transfer to the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), Clearing and Depository Services (“CDS”) or to any other securities intermediary, as such term is defined in § 8102(14) of the Uniform Commercial Code, of Corporation Securities not previously held through DTC, CDS or such intermediary or the settlement of any transactions in the Corporation Securities entered into through the facilities of a national securities exchange, any national securities quotation system or any electronic or other alternative trading system; provided that, if such Transfer or the settlement of the transaction would result in a Prohibited Transfer, such Transfer shall nonetheless be a Prohibited Transfer subject to all of the provisions and limitations set forth in the remainder of this Article TWELFTH.

Exceptions to Transfer and Ownership Restrictions.

(i) Any Transfer of Corporation Securities that would otherwise be prohibited pursuant to Article TWELFTH, Section B shall nonetheless be permitted if:

(1) prior to such Transfer being consummated (or, in the case of an involuntary Transfer, as soon as practicable after such Transfer is consummated), the Board of Directors approves the Transfer in accordance with Article TWELFTH, Section C(ii) (such approval may relate to a Transfer or series of identified Transfers and may provide the effective time of such Transfer which could be retroactive);

(2) such Transfer is pursuant to any transaction, including, without limitation, a merger, consolidation, mandatory share exchange or other business combination in which all holders of Common Stock receive, or are offered the same opportunity to receive, cash or other consideration for all such Corporation Securities, and upon the consummation of which the acquirer owns at least a majority of the outstanding shares of Common Stock; or

(3) such Transfer is a Transfer to any employee stock ownership or other employee benefit plan of the Corporation or a subsidiary of the Corporation (or any entity or trustee holding shares of Common Stock for or pursuant to the terms of any such plan or for the purpose of funding any such plan or funding other employee benefits for employees of the Corporation or of any subsidiary of the Corporation).

(ii) The restrictions contained in this Article TWELFTH are for the purposes of reducing the risk that any “ownership change” (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code) with respect to the Corporation may limit the Corporation’s ability to utilize its Tax Benefits. The restrictions set forth in Article TWELFTH, Section B shall not apply to a proposed Transfer that is a 4.9% Transaction if the transferor or the transferee obtains the authorization of the Board of Directors in the manner described below.

(1) In connection therewith, and to provide for effective policing of these provisions, any Person who desires to effect a transaction that may be a 4.9% Transaction (a “Requesting Person”) shall, prior to the date of such transaction for which the Requesting Person seeks authorization (the “Proposed Transaction”), request in writing (a “Request”) that the Board of Directors review the Proposed Transaction and authorize or not object to the Proposed Transaction in accordance with this Article TWELFTH, Section C(ii). A Request shall be delivered by registered mail, return receipt requested, to the Secretary of the Corporation at the Corporation’s principal executive office. Such Request shall be deemed to have been made when actually received by the Corporation. A Request shall include: (a) the name and address and telephone number of the Requesting Person; (b) the number of Corporation Securities beneficially owned by, and Stock Ownership Percentage of, the Requesting Person; and (c) a reasonably detailed description of the Proposed Transaction or Proposed Transactions by which the Requesting Person would propose to effect a 4.9% Transaction and the proposed tax treatment thereof.

(2) The Board of Directors shall, in good faith, endeavor to respond to a Request within sixty (60) days of receiving such Request; provided that the failure of the Board of Directors to make a determination within such period shall be deemed to constitute the denial by the Board of Directors of the Request.

(3) The Requesting Person shall respond promptly to reasonable and appropriate requests for additional information from the Corporation or the Board of Directors and its advisors to assist the Board of Directors in making its determination. The Board of Directors shall only authorize a Proposed Transaction if (a) it receives, at its request, a report from the Corporation’s advisors to the effect that the Proposed Transaction does not create a significant risk of material adverse tax consequences to the Corporation or (b) it otherwise determines in its sole discretion that granting the Request is in the best interests of the Corporation. Any Request may be submitted on a confidential basis and, except to the extent (x) required by applicable law or regulation, (y) required pursuant to a valid and effective subpoena, order, or request issued by a court of competent jurisdiction or by a governmental or regulatory body or authority or (z) provided to any regulatory or governmental authorities with jurisdiction over the Corporation and its affiliates, the Corporation shall maintain the confidentiality of such Request and the determination of the Board of Directors with respect thereto for a period of three years from the date of the Request, unless the information contained in the Request or the determination of the Board of Directors with respect thereto otherwise becomes publicly available.

(4) The Request shall be considered and evaluated by directors serving on the Board of Directors who are independent of the Corporation and the Requesting Person and disinterested with respect to the Request, who shall constitute a committee of the Board for this purpose, and the action of a majority of such independent and disinterested directors, or any committee of the Board consisting solely of these directors, shall be deemed to be the determination of the Board of Directors for purposes of such Request. Furthermore, the Board of Directors shall approve within thirty (30) days of receiving a Request as provided in this Article TWELFTH, Section C(ii) of any proposed Transfer that does not cause any aggregate increase in the Beneficial Ownership of Stock by 4.9% Stockholders (as determined after giving effect to the proposed Transfer) over the lowest Stock Ownership Percentage of such 4.9% Stockholders (as determined immediately before the proposed Transfer) at any time during the relevant testing period, in all cases for purposes of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code.

(iii) In addition to Article TWELFTH, Section C(ii), the Board of Directors may determine that the restrictions set forth in Article TWELFTH, Section B shall not apply to any particular transaction or transactions, whether or not a request has been made to the Board of Directors, including, without limitation, a Request pursuant to Article TWELFTH, Section C(ii). Any determination of the Board of Directors hereunder may be made prospectively or retroactively.

(iv) The Board of Directors may impose any conditions that it deems reasonable and appropriate in connection with any approval pursuant to this Article TWELFTH, Section C, including, without limitation, restrictions on the ability of any Transferee to Transfer Capital Stock acquired through a Transfer.

Excess Securities.

(i) Neither the Corporation or any of its employees or agents shall record any Prohibited Transfer, and the purported transferee of such a Prohibited Transfer (the “Purported Transferee”) shall not be recognized as a stockholder of the Corporation for any purpose whatsoever in respect of the Corporation Securities which are the subject of the Prohibited Transfer (the “Excess Securities”). Until the Excess Securities are acquired by another Person in a Transfer that is not a Prohibited Transfer, the Purported Transferee shall not be entitled, with respect to such Excess Securities, to any rights of stockholders of the Corporation, including, without limitation, the right to vote such Excess Securities and to receive dividends or distributions, whether liquidating or otherwise, in respect thereof, if any, and the Excess Securities shall be deemed to remain with the transferor unless and until the Excess Securities are transferred to the Agent pursuant to Article TWELFTH, Section E or until an approval is obtained under Article TWELFTH, Section C. After the Excess Securities have been acquired in a Transfer that is not a Prohibited Transfer, the Corporation Securities shall cease to be Excess Securities. For this purpose, any Transfer of Excess Securities not in accordance with the provisions of Article TWELFTH, Section D or Section E shall also be a Prohibited Transfer.

(ii) The Corporation may require, as a condition to the registration of any Transfer of Corporation Securities or the payment of any distribution on any Corporation Securities, that the proposed Transferee or payee furnish to the Corporation all information reasonably requested by the Corporation with respect to such proposed Transferee’s or payee’s direct or indirect ownership interests in such Corporation Securities. The Corporation may make such arrangements or issue such instructions to its stock transfer agent as may be determined by the Board of Directors to be necessary or advisable to implement this Article TWELFTH, including, without limitation, authorizing such transfer agent to require an affidavit from a Purported Transferee regarding such Person’s actual and constructive ownership of Capital Stock and other evidence that a Transfer will not be prohibited by this Article TWELFTH as a condition to registering any transfer.

Transfer to Agent.

If the Board of Directors determines that a Transfer of Corporation Securities constitutes a Prohibited Transfer then, upon written demand by the Corporation sent within thirty (30) days of the date on which the Board of Directors determines that the attempted Transfer would result in Excess Securities, the Purported Transferee shall transfer or cause to be transferred any certificate or other evidence of ownership of the Excess Securities within the Purported Transferee’s possession or control, together with any Prohibited Distributions, to an agent designated by the Board of Directors (the “Agent”). The Agent shall thereupon sell to a buyer or buyers, which may include the Corporation, the Excess Securities transferred to it in one or more arm’s-length transactions (on the public securities market on which such Excess Securities are traded, if possible, or otherwise privately); provided, however, that any such sale must not constitute a Prohibited Transfer and provided, further, that the Agent shall effect such sale or sales in an orderly fashion and shall not be required to effect any such sale within any specific time frame if, in the Agent’s discretion, such sale or sales would disrupt the market for the Corporation Securities, would otherwise adversely affect the value of the Corporation Securities or would be in violation of applicable securities laws. If the Purported Transferee has resold the Excess Securities before receiving the Corporation’s demand to surrender Excess Securities to the Agent, the Purported Transferee shall be deemed to have sold the Excess Securities for the Agent, and shall be required to transfer to the Agent any Prohibited Distributions and proceeds of such sale, except to the extent that the Corporation grants written permission to the Purported Transferee to retain a portion of such sales proceeds not exceeding the amount that the Purported Transferee would have received from the Agent pursuant to Article TWELFTH, Section F if the Agent rather than the Purported Transferee had resold the Excess Securities (taking into account the actual costs incurred by the Agent).

Application of Proceeds and Prohibited Distributions.

The Agent shall apply any proceeds of a sale by it of Excess Securities and, if the Purported Transferee has previously resold the Excess Securities, any amounts received by it from a Purported Transferee, together, in either case, with any Prohibited Distributions, as follows:

(i) first, such amounts shall be paid to the Agent to the extent necessary to cover its costs and expenses incurred in connection with its duties hereunder;

(ii) second, any remaining amounts shall be paid to the Purported Transferee, up to the amount paid by the Purported Transferee for the Excess Securities (or the fair market value at the time of the Transfer, in the event the purported Transfer of the Excess Securities was, in whole or in part, a gift, inheritance or similar Transfer) which amount shall be determined at the discretion of the Board of Directors; and

(iii) third, any remaining amounts shall be paid to one or more organizations qualifying under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (or any comparable successor provision) selected by the Board of Directors.

The Purported Transferee of Excess Securities shall have no claim, cause of action or any other recourse whatsoever against any transferor of Excess Securities. The Purported Transferee’s sole right with respect to such shares shall be limited to the amount payable to the Purported Transferee pursuant to this Article TWELFTH, Section F. In no event shall the proceeds of any sale of Excess Securities pursuant to this Article TWELFTH, Section F inure to the benefit of the Corporation or the Agent, except to the extent used to cover costs and expenses incurred by Agent in performing its duties hereunder.

Modification of Remedies for Certain Indirect Transfers.

In the event of any Transfer which does not involve a transfer of securities of the Corporation within the meaning of Delaware law (“Securities,” and individually, a “Security”) but which would cause the transferee or any other Person to become a 4.9% Stockholder, or would increase the Stock Ownership Percentage of a 4.9% Stockholder, the application of Article TWELFTH, Sections E and F shall be modified as described in this Article TWELFTH, Section G. In such case, no such 4.9% Stockholder shall be required to dispose of any interest that is not a Security, but such 4.9% Stockholder or any Person whose ownership of Securities is attributed to such 4.9% Stockholder shall be deemed to have disposed of and shall be required to dispose of sufficient Securities (which Securities shall be disposed of in the inverse order in which they were acquired) to cause such 4.9% Stockholder, following such disposition, not to be in violation of this Article TWELFTH. Such disposition shall be deemed to occur simultaneously with the Transfer giving rise to the application of this provision, and such number of Securities that are deemed to be disposed of shall be considered Excess Securities and shall be disposed of through the Agent as provided in Article TWELFTH, Sections E and F, except that the maximum aggregate amount payable either to such 4.9% Stockholder, or to such other Person that was the direct holder of such Excess Securities, in connection with such sale shall be the fair market value of such Excess Securities at the time of the purported Transfer. All expenses incurred by the Agent in disposing of such Excess Stock shall be paid out of any amounts due such 4.9% Stockholder or such other Person. The purpose of this Article TWELFTH, Section G is to extend the restrictions in Article TWELFTH, Sections B and F to situations in which there is a 4.9% Transaction without a direct Transfer of Corporation Securities, and this Article TWELFTH, Section G, along with the other provisions of this Article TWELFTH, shall be interpreted to produce the same results, with differences as the context requires, as a direct Transfer of Corporation Securities.

Legal Proceedings and Prompt Enforcement.

If the Purported Transferee fails to surrender the Excess Securities or the proceeds of a sale thereof to the Agent within thirty days from the date on which the Corporation makes a written demand pursuant to Article TWELFTH, Section E (whether or not made within the time specified in Article TWELFTH, Section E), then the Corporation may take such actions as it deems appropriate to enforce the provisions hereof, including the institution of legal proceedings to compel the surrender. Nothing in this Article TWELFTH, Section H shall (i) be deemed inconsistent with any Transfer of the Excess Securities provided in this Article TWELFTH being void ab initio, (ii) preclude the Corporation in its discretion from immediately bringing legal proceedings without a prior demand or (iii) cause any failure of the Corporation to act within the time periods set forth in Article TWELFTH, Section E to constitute a waiver or loss of any right of the Corporation under this Article TWELFTH. The Board of Directors may authorize such additional actions as it deems advisable to give effect to the provisions of this Article TWELFTH.

Liability.

To the fullest extent permitted by law, any stockholder subject to the provisions of this Article TWELFTH who knowingly violates the provisions of this Article TWELFTH and any Persons controlling, controlled by or under common control with such stockholder shall be jointly and severally liable to the Corporation for, and shall indemnify and hold the Corporation harmless against, any and all damages suffered as a result of such violation, including but not limited to damages resulting from a reduction in, or elimination of, the Corporation’s ability to utilize its Tax Benefits, and attorneys’ and auditors’ fees incurred in connection with such violation.

Obligation to Provide Information.

As a condition to the registration of the Transfer of any Capital Stock, any Person who is a beneficial, legal or record holder of Capital Stock, and any proposed Transferee and any Person controlling, controlled by or under common control with the proposed Transferee, shall provide such information as the Corporation may request from time to time in order to determine compliance with this Article TWELFTH or the status of the Tax Benefits of the Corporation.

Legends.

The Board of Directors may require that any certificates issued by the Corporation evidencing ownership of shares of Capital Stock, or any other evidence issued by the Corporation of uncertificated shares of Capital Stock, that are subject to the restrictions on transfer and ownership contained in this Article TWELFTH bear the following legend:

THE RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION, AS AMENDED (THE “CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION”), OF CONCURRENT COMPUTER CORPORATION (THE “CORPORATION”) CONTAINS RESTRICTIONS PROHIBITING THE TRANSFER (AS DEFINED IN THE CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION) OF STOCK OF THE CORPORATION (INCLUDING THE CREATION OR GRANT OF CERTAIN OPTIONS, RIGHTS AND WARRANTS) WITHOUT THE PRIOR AUTHORIZATION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE CORPORATION (THE “BOARD OF DIRECTORS”) IF SUCH TRANSFER AFFECTS THE PERCENTAGE OF STOCK OF THE CORPORATION (WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 382 OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986, AS AMENDED (THE “CODE”), AND THE TREASURY REGULATIONS PROMULGATED THEREUNDER), THAT IS TREATED AS OWNED BY A 4.9% STOCKHOLDER (AS DEFINED IN THE CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION). IF THE TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS ARE VIOLATED, THEN THE TRANSFER WILL BE VOID AB INITIO AND THE PURPORTED TRANSFEREE OF THE STOCK WILL BE REQUIRED TO TRANSFER EXCESS SECURITIES (AS DEFINED IN THE CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION) TO THE CORPORATION’S AGENT. IN THE EVENT OF A TRANSFER WHICH DOES NOT INVOLVE SECURITIES OF THE CORPORATION WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE (“SECURITIES”) BUT WHICH WOULD VIOLATE THE TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS, THE PURPORTED TRANSFEREE (OR THE RECORD OWNER) OF THE SECURITIES WILL BE REQUIRED TO TRANSFER SUFFICIENT SECURITIES PURSUANT TO THE TERMS PROVIDED FOR IN THE CORPORATION’S CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION TO CAUSE THE 4.9% STOCKHOLDER TO NO LONGER BE IN VIOLATION OF THE TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS. THE CORPORATION WILL FURNISH WITHOUT CHARGE TO THE HOLDER OF RECORD OF THIS CERTIFICATE A COPY OF THE CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION, CONTAINING THE ABOVE-REFERENCED TRANSFER RESTRICTIONS, UPON WRITTEN REQUEST TO THE CORPORATION AT ITS PRINCIPAL PLACE OF BUSINESS.

The Board of Directors may also require that any certificates issued by the Corporation evidencing ownership of shares of Capital Stock, or any other evidence issued by the Corporation of uncertificated shares of Capital Stock, that are subject to conditions imposed by the Board of Directors under Article TWELFTH, Section C also bear a conspicuous legend referencing the applicable restrictions.

The Corporation may make appropriate notations upon its stock transfer records or other evidence of ownership and to instruct any transfer agent, registrar, securities intermediary or depository with respect to the requirements of this Article TWELFTH for any uncertificated Corporation Securities or Corporation Securities held in an indirect holding system.

Authority of Board of Directors.

(i) All determinations and interpretations of the Board of Directors shall be interpreted or determined, as the case may be, by the Board of Directors, in its sole discretion and shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes of this Article TWELFTH.

(ii) The Board of Directors shall have the power to determine all matters necessary for assessing compliance with this Article TWELFTH, including, without limitation, (1) the identification of 4.9% Stockholders, (2) whether a Transfer is a 4.9% Transaction or a Prohibited Transfer, (3) the Percentage Stock Ownership in the Corporation of any 4.9% Stockholder, (4) whether any instrument constitutes Corporation Securities, (5) the amount (or fair market value) due to a Purported Transferee pursuant to Article TWELFTH, Section F, and (6) any other matters which the Board of Directors determines to be relevant; and the good faith determination of the Board of Directors on such matters shall be conclusive and binding for all the purposes of this Article TWELFTH. In addition, the Board of Directors may, to the extent permitted by law, from time to time establish, modify, amend or rescind by-laws, regulations and procedures of the Corporation not inconsistent with the provisions of this Article TWELFTH for purposes of determining whether any Transfer of Corporation Securities would jeopardize or endanger the Corporation’s ability to preserve and use the Tax Benefits and for the orderly application, administration and implementation of this Article TWELFTH.

(iii) Nothing contained in this Article TWELFTH shall limit the authority of the Board of Directors to take such other action to the extent permitted by law as it deems necessary or advisable to protect the Corporation and its stockholders in preserving the Tax Benefits. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, in the event of a change in law making one or more of the following actions necessary or desirable, the Board of Directors may, by adopting a written resolution, (1) accelerate the Expiration Date, (2) modify the ownership interest percentage in the Corporation or the Persons or groups covered by this Article TWELFTH, (3) modify the definitions of any terms set forth in this Article TWELFTH or (4) modify the terms of this Article TWELFTH as appropriate, in each case, in order to prevent an ownership change for purposes of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code as a result of any changes in applicable Treasury Regulations or otherwise; provided, however, that the Board of Directors shall not cause there to be such acceleration or modification unless it determines, by adopting a written resolution, that such action is reasonably necessary or advisable to preserve the Tax Benefits or that the continuation of these restrictions is no longer reasonably necessary for the preservation of the Tax Benefits. Stockholders of the Corporation shall be notified of such determination through a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission or such other method of notice as the Secretary of the Corporation shall deem appropriate.

(iv) In the case of an ambiguity in the application of any of the provisions of this Article TWELFTH, including any definition used herein, the Board of Directors shall have the power to determine the application of such provisions with respect to any situation based on its reasonable belief, understanding or knowledge of the circumstances. In the event this Article TWELFTH requires an action by the Board of Directors but fails to provide specific guidance with respect to such action, the Board of Directors shall have the power to determine the action to be taken so long as such action is not contrary to the provisions of this Article TWELFTH. All such actions, calculations, interpretations and determinations which are done or made by the Board of Directors in good faith shall be conclusive and binding on the Corporation, the Agent, and all other parties for all other purposes of this Article TWELFTH. The Board of Directors may delegate all or any portion of its duties and powers under this Article TWELFTH to a committee of the Board of Directors as it deems necessary or advisable and, to the fullest extent permitted by law, may exercise the authority granted by this Article TWELFTH through duly authorized officers or agents of the Corporation.

(v) Nothing contained in this Article TWELFTH shall limit the authority of the Board of Directors to determine, in its sole discretion, to waive the application of the provisions of this Article TWELFTH for all stockholders.

(vi) Nothing in this Article TWELFTH shall be construed to limit or restrict the Board of Directors in the exercise of its fiduciary duties under applicable law.

Reliance.

To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Corporation and the members of the Board of Directors shall be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the information, opinions, reports or statements of the chief executive officer, the chief financial officer, the chief accounting officer or the corporate controller of the Corporation and the Corporation’s legal counsel, independent auditors, transfer agent, investment bankers or other employees and agents in making the determinations and findings contemplated by this Article TWELFTH. The members of the Board of Directors shall not be responsible for any good faith errors made in connection therewith. For purposes of determining the existence and identity of, and the amount of any Corporation Securities owned by any stockholder, the Corporation is entitled to rely on the existence and absence of filings of Schedule 13D or 13G under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (or similar filings), as of any date, subject to its actual knowledge of the ownership of Corporation Securities.

Benefits of this Article TWELFTH.

Nothing in this Article TWELFTH shall be construed to give to any Person other than the Corporation or the Agent any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Article TWELFTH. This Article TWELFTH shall be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Corporation and the Agent.

Severability.

The purpose of this Article TWELFTH is to facilitate the Corporation’s ability to maintain or preserve its Tax Benefits. If any provision of this Article TWELFTH or the application of any such provision to any Person or under any circumstance shall be held invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect by a court of competent jurisdiction, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision of this Article TWELFTH.

Waiver.

With regard to any power, remedy or right provided herein or otherwise available to the Corporation or the Agent under this Article TWELFTH, (i) no waiver will be effective unless expressly contained in a writing signed by the waiving party and (ii) no alteration, modification or impairment will be implied by reason of any previous waiver, extension of time, delay or omission in exercise, or other indulgence.