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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Apache and its subsidiaries after elimination of intercompany balances and transactions. The Company’s interest in oil and gas exploration and production ventures and partnerships are proportionately consolidated. The Company consolidates all other investments in which the Company, either through direct or indirect ownership, has more than a 50-percent voting interest.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

Preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Apache evaluates its estimates and assumptions on a regular basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates and assumptions used in preparation of its financial statements and changes in these estimates are recorded when known. Significant estimates made in preparing these financial statements include the fair value determination of acquired assets and liabilities (see Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestitures), the estimate of proved oil and gas reserves and related present value estimates of future net cash flows therefrom (see Note 14 — Supplemental Oil and Gas Disclosures), the assessment of asset retirement obligations (see Note 5 — Asset Retirement Obligation), and the valuation of income taxes (see Note 7 — Income Taxes).

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

Certain assets and liabilities are reported at fair value on a recurring basis in Apache’s consolidated balance sheet. Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 820-10-35 provides a hierarchy that prioritizes and defines the types of inputs used to measure fair value. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs, which consist of unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. Level 2 inputs consist of quoted prices for similar instruments. Level 3 valuations are derived from inputs that are significant and unobservable; hence, these valuations have the lowest priority.

The valuation techniques that may be used to measure fair value include a market approach, an income approach, and a cost approach. A market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. An income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based on current market expectations, including present value techniques, option-pricing models, and the excess earnings method. The cost approach is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost).

Fair value measurements are presented in further detail in Note 3 — Derivative Instruments, Hedging Activities, Note 6 — Debt, and Note 9 — Retirement and Deferred Compensation Plans.

Cash Equivalents

Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid short-term investments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. These investments are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, Apache had $160 million and $295 million, respectively, of cash and cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are stated at the historical carrying amount net of write-offs and allowance for uncollectible accounts. The carrying amount of Apache’s accounts receivable approximates fair value because of the short-term nature of the instruments. The Company routinely assesses the collectability of all material trade and other receivables. Many of Apache’s receivables are from joint interest owners on properties Apache operates. The Company may have the ability to withhold future revenue disbursements to recover any non-payment of these joint interest billings. The Company accrues a reserve on a receivable when, based on the judgment of management, it is probable that a receivable will not be collected and the amount of any reserve may be reasonably estimated. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $82 million and $58 million, respectively.

Inventories

Inventories

Inventories consist principally of tubular goods and equipment, stated at weighted-average cost, and oil produced but not sold, stated at the lower of cost or market.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

The carrying value of Apache’s property and equipment represents the cost incurred to acquire the property and equipment, including capitalized interest. Interest costs incurred in connection with qualifying capital expenditures are capitalized and amortized in concurrence with the related assets. For business combinations, property and equipment cost is based on the fair values at the acquisition date.

Oil and Gas Property

Oil and Gas Property

The Company follows the full-cost method of accounting for its oil and gas property. Under this method of accounting, all costs incurred for both successful and unsuccessful exploration and development activities, including salaries, benefits, and other internal costs directly identified with these activities, and oil and gas property acquisitions are capitalized. All costs related to production, general corporate overhead, or similar activities are expensed as incurred. Apache capitalized $404 million, $335 million, and $321 million of internal costs in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.

 

Proved properties are amortized on a country-by-country basis using the units of production method (UOP). The UOP calculation, in its simplest terms, multiplies the percentage of estimated proved reserves produced each quarter by the cost of those reserves. The amortization base in the UOP calculation includes the sum of proved property, net of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization (DD&A), estimated future development costs (future costs to access and develop proved reserves), and asset retirement costs, less related salvage value.

The cost of unproved properties and properties under development are excluded from the amortization calculation until it is determined whether or not proved reserves can be assigned to such properties or until development projects are placed in service. Geological and geophysical costs not associated with specific properties are recorded to proved property immediately. Unproved properties and properties under development are reviewed for impairment at least quarterly. In countries where proved reserves exist, exploratory drilling costs associated with dry holes are transferred to proved properties immediately upon determination that a well is dry and amortized accordingly. In countries where a reserve base has not yet been established, impairments are charged to earnings and are determined through an evaluation considering, among other factors, seismic data, requirements to relinquish acreage, drilling results, remaining time in the commitment period, remaining capital plan and political, economic and market conditions. In 2012, Apache’s statement of consolidated operations includes additional DD&A of $28 million related to exiting operations in New Zealand and $15 million of seismic costs incurred in countries where it has no established presence. In 2011, Apache recorded additional DD&A of $60 million related to exiting operations in Chile and $49 million of seismic costs incurred in countries where it has no established presence.

Under the full-cost method of accounting, the net book value of oil and gas properties, less related deferred income taxes, may not exceed a calculated “ceiling.” The ceiling limitation is the estimated after-tax future net cash flows from proved oil and gas reserves, discounted at 10 percent per annum and adjusted for cash flow hedges. Future cash outflows associated with settling accrued asset retirement obligations are excluded from the calculation. Estimated future net cash flows are calculated using end-of-period costs and an unweighted arithmetic average of commodity prices in effect on the first day of each of the previous 12 months, held flat for the life of the production, except where prices are defined by contractual arrangements. See Note 14 — Supplemental Oil and Gas Disclosures for a discussion of the calculation of estimated future net cash flows.

Any excess of the net book value of proved oil and gas properties, less related deferred income taxes, over the ceiling is charged to expense and reflected as additional DD&A in the accompanying statement of consolidated operations. Such limitations are imposed separately on a country-by-country basis and are tested quarterly. During 2012, the Company recorded a $1.9 billion ($1.4 billion net of tax) non-cash write-down of the carrying value of the Company’s Canadian proved oil and gas properties. Excluding the effects of cash flow hedges in calculating the ceiling limitation, the write-down for the full year would have been higher by $135 million ($101 million net of tax). As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, capitalized costs did not exceed the ceiling limitation, and no write-down was indicated. Cash flow hedges did not materially affect the 2011 or 2010 calculations.

Proceeds from the sale or disposition of oil and gas properties are accounted for as a reduction to capitalized costs unless a significant portion (greater than 25 percent) of the Company’s reserve quantities in a particular country are sold, in which case a gain or loss is recognized in income.

Gathering, Transmission, and Processing Facilities

Gathering, Transmission, and Processing Facilities

Gathering, transmission, and processing facilities totaled $6.0 billion and $5.2 billion at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The Company assesses the carrying amount of its gathering, transmission, and processing facilities whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the carrying amount of these facilities is less than the sum of the undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized for the excess of the carrying value over its fair value. No impairment of gathering, transmission, and processing facilities was recognized during 2012, 2011, or 2010.

Gathering, transmission, and processing facilities, buildings, and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from three to 25 years. Accumulated depreciation for these assets totaled $1.9 billion and $1.5 billion at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Asset Retirement Costs and Obligations

Asset Retirement Costs and Obligations

The initial estimated asset retirement obligation related to property and equipment is recorded as a liability at its fair value, with an offsetting asset retirement cost recorded as an increase to the associated property and equipment on the consolidated balance sheet. If the fair value of the recorded asset retirement obligation changes, a revision is recorded to both the asset retirement obligation and the asset retirement cost. Revisions in estimated liabilities can result from changes in estimated inflation rates, changes in service and equipment costs and changes in the estimated timing of an asset’s retirement. Asset retirement costs are depreciated using a systematic and rational method similar to that used for the associated property and equipment. Accretion expense on the liability is recognized over the estimated productive life of the related assets.

Goodwill

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an entity over the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company assesses the carrying amount of goodwill by testing for impairment annually and when impairment indicators arise. Goodwill totaled $1.3 billion and $1.1 billion at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Goodwill of $173 million was booked in the U.S. during 2012 as a result of the acquisition of Cordillera Energy Partners III, LLC, as discussed in Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestitures. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, $1.0 billion and $843 million was recorded in the U.S. and $84 million and $82 million in the North Sea, respectively. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, $103 million and $86 million were recorded in Canada and Egypt, respectively. Each country was assessed as a reporting unit, and no impairment of goodwill was recognized during 2012, 2011, or 2010.

Accounts Payable

Accounts Payable

Included in accounts payable at December 31, 2012 and 2011, are liabilities of approximately $255 million and $207 million, respectively, representing the amount by which checks issued but not presented to the Company’s banks for collection exceeded balances in applicable bank accounts.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Accruals for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, environmental and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. These accruals are adjusted as additional information becomes available or circumstances change.

Revenue Recognition and Imbalances

Revenue Recognition and Imbalances

Oil and gas revenues are recognized when production is sold to a purchaser at a fixed or determinable price, when delivery has occurred and title has transferred, and if collectability of the revenue is probable. Cash received relating to future revenues is deferred and recognized when all revenue recognition criteria are met.

 

Apache uses the sales method of accounting for gas production imbalances. The volumes of gas sold may differ from the volumes to which Apache is entitled based on its interests in the properties. These differences create imbalances that are recognized as a liability only when the properties’ estimated remaining reserves net to Apache will not be sufficient to enable the under-produced owner to recoup its entitled share through production. The Company’s recorded liability is generally reflected in other non-current liabilities. No receivables are recorded for those wells where Apache has taken less than its share of production. Gas imbalances are reflected as adjustments to estimates of proved gas reserves and future cash flows in the unaudited supplemental oil and gas disclosures.

Apache markets its own U.S. natural gas production. Since the Company’s production fluctuates because of operational issues, it is occasionally necessary to purchase third-party gas to fulfill sales obligations and commitments. Both the costs and sales proceeds of this third-party gas are reported on a net basis in oil and gas production revenues. The costs of third-party gas netted against the related sales proceeds totaled $27 million, $28 million, and $33 million, for 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.

The Company’s Egyptian operations are conducted pursuant to production sharing contracts under which contractor partners pay all operating and capital costs for exploring and developing the concessions. A percentage of the production, generally up to 40 percent, is available to contractor partners to recover these operating and capital costs over contractually defined terms. Cost recovery is reflected in revenue. The balance of the production is split among the contractor partners and the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation (EGPC) on a contractually defined basis.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Apache periodically enters into derivative contracts to manage its exposure to commodity price risk. These derivative contracts, which are generally placed with major financial institutions, may take the form of forward contracts, futures contracts, swaps, or options. The oil and gas reference prices upon which the commodity derivative contracts are based reflect various market indices that have a high degree of historical correlation with actual prices received by the Company for its oil and gas production.

Apache accounts for its derivative instruments in accordance with ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging,” which requires that all derivative instruments, other than those that meet the normal purchases and sales exception, be recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at fair value. Changes in fair value are recognized currently in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. Hedge accounting treatment allows unrealized gains and losses on cash flow hedges to be deferred in other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses from the Company’s oil and gas cash flow hedges, including terminated contracts, are generally recognized in oil and gas production revenues when the forecasted transaction occurs. Gains and losses from the change in fair value of derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are reported in current-period income as “Other” under “Revenues and Other” in the statement of consolidated operations. If at any time the likelihood of occurrence of a hedged forecasted transaction ceases to be “probable,” hedge accounting treatment will cease on a prospective basis, and all future changes in the fair value of the derivative will be recognized directly in earnings. Amounts recorded in other comprehensive income prior to the change in the likelihood of occurrence of the forecasted transaction will remain in other comprehensive income until such time as the forecasted transaction impacts earnings. If it becomes probable that the original forecasted production will not occur, then the derivative gain or loss would be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings immediately. Hedge effectiveness is measured at least quarterly based on the relative changes in fair value between the derivative contract and the hedged item over time, and any ineffectiveness is immediately reported as “Other” under “Revenues and Other” in the statement of consolidated operations.

General and Administrative Expense

General and Administrative Expense

General and administrative expenses are reported net of recoveries from owners in properties operated by Apache and net of amounts related to lease operating activities or capitalized pursuant to the full-cost method of accounting.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Apache records deferred tax assets and liabilities to account for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements and tax returns. The Company routinely assesses the realizability of its deferred tax assets. If the Company concludes that it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, the tax asset is reduced by a valuation allowance. Numerous judgments and assumptions are inherent in the determination of future taxable income, including factors such as future operating conditions (particularly as related to prevailing oil and gas prices) and changing tax laws.

Earnings from Apache’s international operations are permanently reinvested; therefore, the Company does not recognize U.S. deferred taxes on the unremitted earnings of its international subsidiaries. If it becomes apparent that any of the unremitted earnings will be remitted, the Company will then recognize taxes on those earnings.

Foreign Currency Transaction Gains and Losses

Foreign Currency Transaction Gains and Losses

The U.S. dollar is the functional currency for each of Apache’s international operations. The functional currency is determined country-by-country based on relevant facts and circumstances of the cash flows, commodity pricing environment and financing arrangements in each country. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses arise when monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are remeasured to their U.S. dollar equivalent at the exchange rate in effect at the end of each reporting period. Foreign currency gains and losses also arise when revenue and disbursement transactions denominated in a country’s local currency are converted to a U.S. dollar equivalent based on the average exchange rates during the reporting period.

The Company accounts for foreign currency gains and losses in accordance with ASC Topic 830, “Foreign Currency Matters.” Foreign currency transaction gains and losses related to current taxes payable and deferred tax liabilities are recorded as components of the provision for income taxes. In 2012, the Company recorded a net tax expense of $16 million, including a current tax expense of $26 million and deferred tax benefit of $10 million. Included in deferred tax benefit for 2012 is approximately $11 million of tax benefit attributable to realized foreign currency transactions. In 2011, the Company recorded a net tax benefit of $66 million, including a current tax expense of $1 million and deferred tax benefit of $67 million. Included in deferred tax benefit for 2011 is approximately $6 million of tax expense attributable to realized foreign currency transactions. In 2010, the Company recorded net tax expense of $111 million, including a current tax expense of $2 million and deferred tax expense of $109 million. Included in deferred tax expense for 2010 is approximately $57 million of tax expense attributable to realized foreign currency transactions. For further discussion, see Note 7 — Income Taxes. All other foreign currency transaction gains and losses are reflected in “Other” under Revenues and Other in the statement of consolidated operations. The Company’s other foreign currency gains and losses netted to a gain in 2012 and 2011 of $24 million and $4 million, respectively, and a loss of $39 million in 2010.

Insurance Coverage

Insurance Coverage

The Company recognizes an insurance receivable when collection of the receivable is deemed probable. Any recognition of an insurance receivable is recorded by crediting and offsetting the original charge. Any differential arising between insurance recoveries and insurance receivables is recorded as a capitalized cost or as an expense, consistent with its original treatment.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

The Company’s basic earnings per share (EPS) amounts have been computed based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution, using the treasury stock method, which assumes that options were exercised and restricted stock was fully vested. The diluted EPS calculation includes additional shares of common stock from the assumed conversion of Apache’s convertible preferred stock.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation under the fair value recognition provisions of ASC Topic 718, “Compensation — Stock Compensation.” The Company grants various types of stock-based awards including stock options, nonvested restricted stock units, and performance-based awards. Additionally, the Company also grants cash-based stock appreciation rights. These plans and related accounting policies are defined and described more fully in Note 10 — Capital Stock. Stock compensation awards granted are valued on the date of grant and are expensed, net of estimated forfeitures, over the required service period.

ASC Topic 718 also requires that benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost be reported as financing cash flows rather than as operating cash flows. The Company classified $4 million, $32 million, and $28 million as financing cash inflows in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.

Treasury Stock

Treasury Stock

The Company follows the weighted-average-cost method of accounting for treasury stock transactions.

New Pronouncements Issued But Not Yet Adopted

New Pronouncements Issued But Not Yet Adopted

In December 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2011-11, which increases disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities. New disclosures are required to enable users of financial statements to understand significant quantitative differences in balance sheets prepared under U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) related to the offsetting of financial instruments. The existing U.S. GAAP guidance allowing balance sheet offsetting, including industry-specific guidance, remains unchanged. ASU No. 2013-01, released in January 2013, offers clarification on the scope of ASU No. 2011-11 as it applies to derivatives accounted for in accordance with Topic 815. The guidance in ASU No. 2011-11 and No. 2013-01 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013. The disclosures should be applied retrospectively for all prior periods presented. The Company does not expect the adoption of this amendment to impact its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-02, which requires preparers to report, in one place, information about reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). The ASU also requires companies to report changes in AOCI balances. The guidance in ASU No. 2013-02 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2012. The Company does not expect the adoption of this amendment to impact its consolidated financial statements.