-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, F4e5uMfZgGqY+s3dQ/QcuKN25RoHhDU5pCcV/Ls35f/8TNPSATk/9VO7Pr7DUjf/ H7LUqKk+rVeipiYJQ5v81A== 0001193125-08-037458.txt : 20080225 0001193125-08-037458.hdr.sgml : 20080225 20080225161439 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001193125-08-037458 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 12 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20071231 FILED AS OF DATE: 20080225 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20080225 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: Unum Group CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000005513 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: ACCIDENT & HEALTH INSURANCE [6321] IRS NUMBER: 621598430 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-11294 FILM NUMBER: 08639638 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 1 FOUNTAIN SQUARE CITY: CHATTANOOGA STATE: TN ZIP: 37402 BUSINESS PHONE: 4232944350 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 1 FOUNTAIN SQUARE CITY: CHATTANOOGA STATE: TN ZIP: 37402 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: UNUMPROVIDENT CORP DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19990702 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PROVIDENT COMPANIES INC /DE/ DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19961204 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PROVIDENT LIFE & ACCIDENT INSURANCE CO OF AMERICA DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19950407 10-K 1 d10k.htm FORM 10-K Form 10-K
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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

x Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007

¨ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from             to            

Commission file number 1-11294

Unum Group

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   62-1598430
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1 FOUNTAIN SQUARE

CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE 37402

(Address of principal executive offices)

423.294.1011

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

    Title of each class           Name of each exchange on which registered    
Common stock, $0.10 par value   New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the

Act.     Yes  ¨     No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer  x    Accelerated filer  ¨    Non-accelerated filer  ¨    Smaller reporting company  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

The aggregate market value of the shares of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates (based upon the closing price of these shares on the New York Stock Exchange) as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was $9.4 billion. As of February 21, 2008, there were 346,942,230 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

 

 

 


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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the information required by Part III of this Form 10-K are incorporated herein by reference from the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, within 120 days after the end of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2007.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements    1
   PART I   
1.    Business    3
1A.    Risk Factors    18
1B.    Unresolved Staff Comments    23
2.    Properties    23
3.    Legal Proceedings    23
4.    Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders    23
   PART II   
5.    Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters    24
6.    Selected Financial Data    25
7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations    27
7A.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk    94
8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data    96
9.    Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure    154
9A.    Controls and Procedures    154
9B.    Other Information    156
   PART III   
10.    Directors, Executive Officers of the Registrant, and Corporate Governance    157
11.    Executive Compensation    157
12.    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters    158
13.    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence    161
14.    Principal Accounting Fees and Services    161
   PART IV   
15.    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules    162
Signatures    163
Index to Exhibits    176


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Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” to encourage companies to provide prospective information, as long as those statements are identified as forward-looking and are accompanied by meaningful cautionary statements identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those included in the forward-looking statements. Certain information contained in this discussion, or in any other written or oral statements made by us in communications with the financial community or contained in documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), may be considered forward-looking. Forward-looking statements are those not based on historical information, but rather relate to future operations, strategies, financial results, or other developments and speak only as of the date made. These statements may be made directly in this document or may be made part of this document by reference to other documents filed by us with the SEC, which is known as “incorporation by reference.” You can find many of these statements by looking for words such as “will,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,” “projects,” “goals,” “objectives,” or similar expressions in this document or in documents incorporated herein.

These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks, and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. We caution readers that the following factors, in addition to other factors mentioned from time to time, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements:

 

   

General economic or business conditions, both domestic and foreign, may be less favorable than expected, which may affect premium levels, claims experience, the level of pension benefit costs and funding, the availability of capital, and investment results, including credit deterioration of investments.

 

   

Competitive pressures in the insurance industry may increase significantly through industry consolidation or otherwise.

 

   

Events or consequences relating to terrorism and acts of war, both domestic and foreign, may adversely affect our business and the Company’s results of operations in a period and may also affect the availability and cost of reinsurance.

 

   

Legislative, regulatory, or tax changes, both domestic and foreign, may adversely affect the businesses in which we are engaged.

 

   

Rating agency actions, state insurance department market conduct examinations and other inquiries, other governmental investigations and actions, and negative media attention may adversely affect our business and the Company’s results of operations in a period.

 

   

The level and results of litigation and rulings in the multidistrict litigation or other purported class actions may not be favorable to the Company and may adversely affect our business and the Company’s results of operations in a period.

 

   

Investment results, including, but not limited to, realized investment losses resulting from impairments, may differ from our assumptions and prior experience and may adversely affect our business and the Company’s results of operations in a period.

 

   

Changes in the interest rate environment may adversely affect our reserve and policy assumptions and ultimately profit margins and reserve levels.

 

   

Sales growth may be less than planned, which could affect adversely revenue and profitability.

 

   

Effectiveness in supporting new product offerings and providing customer service may not meet expectations.

 

   

Actual experience in pricing, underwriting, and reserving may deviate from our assumptions.

 

   

Actual persistency may be lower than projected persistency, resulting in lower than expected revenue and higher than expected amortization of deferred acquisition costs.

 

   

Claim incidence and recovery rates may be influenced by, among other factors, the rate of unemployment and consumer confidence, the emergence of new diseases, epidemics, or pandemics, new trends and developments in medical treatments, the effectiveness of risk management programs, and the effects of the changes required by the regulatory settlement agreements.

 

   

Insurance reserve liabilities may fluctuate as a result of changes in numerous factors, and such fluctuations can have material positive or negative effects on net income.

 

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Retained risks in our reinsurance operations are influenced primarily by the credit risk of the reinsurers and potential contract disputes. Any material changes in the reinsurers’ credit risk or willingness to pay according to the terms of the contract may adversely affect our business and the results of operations in a period.

All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to such forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this document or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

 

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PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

General

Unum Group, a Delaware general business corporation, and its insurance and non-insurance companies, which collectively with Unum Group we refer to as the Company, operate in the United States, the United Kingdom, and, to a limited extent, in certain other countries around the world. The principal operating subsidiaries in the United States are Unum Life Insurance Company of America (Unum America), Provident Life and Accident Insurance Company (Provident), The Paul Revere Life Insurance Company (Paul Revere Life), and Colonial Life & Accident Insurance Company, and in the United Kingdom, Unum Limited. We are the largest provider of group and individual disability insurance products in the United States and the United Kingdom. We also provide a complementary portfolio of other insurance products, including long-term care insurance, life insurance, employer- and employee-paid group benefits, and other related services.

We have three major business segments: Unum US, Unum UK, and Colonial Life. Our other segments are the Individual Disability – Closed Block segment, the Other segment, and the Corporate segment. These segments are discussed more fully under “Reporting Segments” included herein in Item 1.

Business Strategies

As one of the leading providers of employee benefits, we offer a broad portfolio of products and services to meet the diverse needs of the marketplace. We try to achieve a competitive advantage by offering group, individual, and voluntary benefits products that can be offered as stand alone products or that can be combined with other coverages to provide comprehensive product solutions for customers. We offer businesses of all sizes competitive benefit plans that help them attract and retain a stronger workforce and protect the incomes and lifestyles of employees and their families. Through a variety of technological tools and trained professionals, we offer services which are designed to meet the evolving needs of our customers. We strive to be responsive and timely, and we are committed to service excellence.

We believe that we are a well positioned and competitive force in our sector. However, due to the nature of our business, we are sensitive to economic and financial market movements, including consumer confidence, employment levels, and the level of interest rates.

In order to maintain our competitive business position, during the last few years our strategy has been:

 

   

Operating improvement, particularly in our Unum US group disability line of business;

 

   

Capital management and financial strength;

 

   

Continued reduction in our business volatility;

 

   

Improvement of our risk profile through the development of a more balanced business mix, the management of risk in our investment portfolio, including the reduction of our below-investment grade fixed maturity securities holdings, and the maintenance of adequate claim reserve discount rates and investment portfolio yield rates;

 

   

Positioning service as a differentiator;

 

   

Strengthening our corporate governance; and

 

   

Responding to the changing regulatory and compliance environment.

Themes that will guide our actions in 2008 include:

 

   

Consistent execution of our operational plans;

 

   

Continued innovation throughout our businesses;

 

   

Capitalizing on our strong brands and marketplace reputation;

 

   

Execution of our strategic and capital initiatives;

 

   

Continued resolution of outstanding legal and regulatory issues; and

 

   

Professional development of our employees.

 

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Reporting Segments

Our reporting segments are comprised of the following: Unum US, Unum UK, Colonial Life, Individual Disability – Closed Block (previously referred to as Individual Income Protection – Closed Block), Other, and Corporate. Measured as a percentage of consolidated premium income for the year ended December 31, 2007, premium income was approximately 63.5 percent for the Unum US segment, 12.2 percent for Unum UK, 11.5 percent for Colonial Life, and 12.8 percent for the Individual Disability – Closed Block and Other segments combined.

Financial information is provided in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained herein in Item 7 and Note 14 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained herein in Item 8.

Unum US Segment

The Unum US segment includes group long-term and short-term disability insurance, group life and accidental death and dismemberment products, and supplemental and voluntary lines of business, comprised of individual disability – recently issued, group and individual long-term care, and brokerage voluntary benefits products, issued primarily by Unum America, Provident, and Paul Revere Life. Premium income for this segment totaled $5,014.0 million in 2007. These products are marketed through our field sales personnel who work in conjunction with independent brokers and consultants. For the sale of individual disability and individual long-term care products, we use a distribution model which provides independent brokers and consultants with the option of direct access to a sales support center centrally located in our corporate offices.

Group Long-term and Short-term Disability

Group long-term and short-term disability products contributed approximately 47.5 percent of the Unum US segment premium income in 2007. We sell group long-term and short-term disability products to employers for the benefit of employees. Group long-term disability provides employees with insurance coverage for loss of income in the event of extended work absences due to sickness or injury. We offer services to employers and insureds to encourage and facilitate rehabilitation, retraining, and re-employment. Most policies begin providing benefits following 90 or 180 day waiting periods and continue providing benefits until the employee reaches a certain age, generally between 65 and 70. The benefits are limited to specified maximums as a percentage of income.

Group short-term disability insurance generally provides coverage from loss of income due to injury or sickness, effective immediately for accidents and after one week for sickness, for up to 26 weeks, limited to specified maximums as a percentage of income.

Premiums for group long-term and short-term disability are generally based on expected claims of a pool of similar risks plus provisions for administrative expenses and profit. Some cases carry experience rating provisions. Premiums for experience rated group long-term and short-term disability business are based on the expected experience of the client given their industry group, adjusted for the credibility of the specific claim experience of the client. We also offer accounts handled on an administrative services only (ASO) basis, with the responsibility for funding claim payments remaining with the customer. Both group long-term and short-term disability are sold primarily on a basis permitting periodic repricing to address the underlying claims experience.

We have defined underwriting practices and procedures. If the coverage amount exceeds certain prescribed age and amount limits, we may require a prospective insured to submit evidence of insurability. Policies are typically issued, both at inception and renewal, with rate guarantees. For new group policyholders, the usual rate guarantee is one to three years. For group policies being renewed, the rate guarantee is generally one year but may be longer. The profitability of the policy depends on the adequacy of the rate during the rate guarantee period. The contracts provide for certain circumstances in which the rate guarantees can be overridden.

Profitability of group long-term and short-term disability insurance is affected by claims experience, investment returns, persistency, and the level of administrative expenses. Morbidity is an important factor in disability claims experience. Also important is the general state of the economy; for example, during a recession the incidence of claims tends to increase under this type of insurance. In general, experience rated disability coverage for large

 

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groups has narrower profit margins and represents less risk to us than business of this type sold to small employers because we bear all of the risk of adverse claims experience in small case fully-insured coverages while larger employers often bear much of this risk themselves. We routinely make pricing adjustments, when contractually permitted, which take into account the emerging experience on our group insurance products.

Group Life and Accidental Death and Dismemberment

Group life and accidental death and dismemberment products contributed approximately 24.7 percent of the Unum US segment premium income in 2007. Group life and accidental death and dismemberment products are sold to employers as employee benefit products. Group life consists primarily of renewable term life insurance with the coverages frequently linked to employees’ wages. Accidental death and dismemberment consists primarily of travel accident and other specialty risk products. Premiums are generally based on expected claims of a pool of similar risks plus provisions for administrative expenses and profit. Underwriting and rate guarantees are similar to those used for group disability products.

Profitability of group life and accidental death and dismemberment insurance is affected by claims experience, investment returns, persistency, and the level of administrative expenses.

Individual Disability – Recently Issued

Individual disability – recently issued products generated approximately 9.1 percent of the Unum US segment premium income in 2007. Individual disability is offered primarily to multi-life employer groups, but also on a single-life customer basis. Individual disability insurance provides the insured with a portion of earned income lost as a result of sickness or injury. Under an individual disability policy, monthly benefits generally are fixed at the time the policy is written. The benefits typically range from 30 percent to 75 percent of the insured’s monthly earned income. We provide various options with respect to length of benefit periods and waiting periods before benefit payments begin, which permits tailoring of the policy to a specific policyholder’s needs. We also market individual disability policies which include payments for the transfer of business ownership between partners and payments for business overhead expenses. Individual disability products do not provide for the accumulation of cash values.

Premium rates for individual disability products vary by age, gender, and occupation based on assumptions concerning morbidity, persistency, administrative expenses, and investment income. We develop our assumptions based on our own claims experience and published industry tables. Our underwriters evaluate the medical and financial condition of prospective policyholders prior to the issuance of a policy. For larger multi-life groups, some underwriting requirements may be waived.

Profitability of individual disability insurance is affected by persistency, investment returns, claims experience, and the level of administrative expenses.

Group and Individual Long-term Care

Long-term care products generated approximately 10.6 percent of the Unum US segment premium income in 2007. Long-term care insurance is offered to employers for the benefit of employees and also sold to individuals on a single-life customer basis. Long-term care insurance pays a benefit upon the loss of two or more “activities of daily living” (e.g., bathing, dressing, feeding) and the insured’s requirement of standby assistance or cognitive impairment. Payment is made on an indemnity basis, regardless of expenses incurred, up to a lifetime maximum. A reimbursement model payment option is also available for individual long-term care policies. Benefits begin after a waiting period, generally 90 days or less.

Premium rates for long-term care vary by age and gender and are based on assumptions concerning morbidity, mortality, persistency, administrative expenses, and investment income. We develop our assumptions based on our own claims experience and published industry tables. Our underwriters evaluate the medical condition of prospective policyholders prior to the issuance of a policy. For larger groups, some underwriting requirements may be waived. Long-term care insurance is offered on a guaranteed renewable basis which allows us to re-price in-force policies, subject to regulatory approval.

 

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Profitability is affected by claims experience, investment returns, persistency, and the level of administrative expenses.

Voluntary Benefits

Voluntary benefits products generated approximately 8.1 percent of the Unum US segment premium income in 2007. Voluntary benefits products include universal life and interest-sensitive life products, individual disability products, and critical illness and cancer products. These products are sold to groups of employees through payroll deduction at the workplace.

Premium rates for voluntary benefits products are based on assumptions concerning morbidity, mortality, persistency, administrative expenses, and investment income. We develop our assumptions based on our own claims experience and published industry tables. Our underwriters evaluate the medical condition of prospective policyholders prior to the issuance of a policy. For larger groups with high participation rates, some underwriting requirements may be waived. Voluntary benefits products other than life insurance are offered on a guaranteed renewable basis which allows us to re-price in-force policies, subject to regulatory approval.

Profitability of voluntary benefits products is affected by the level of employee participation, persistency, investment returns, claims experience, and the level of administrative expenses.

Unum UK Segment

The Unum UK segment includes group long-term disability insurance, group life products, and individual disability products issued by Unum Limited and sold primarily in the United Kingdom through field sales personnel and independent brokers and consultants. Premium income for this segment totaled $968.3 million in 2007, or £483.5 million in local currency.

Group Long-term Disability

Group long-term disability products contributed approximately 77.7 percent of the Unum UK segment premium income in 2007. Group long-term disability products are sold to employers for the benefit of employees. Group long-term disability provides employees with insurance coverage for loss of income in the event of extended work absences due to sickness or injury. Services are offered to employers and insureds to encourage and facilitate rehabilitation, retraining, and re-employment. Most policies begin providing benefits following 90 or 180 day waiting periods and continue providing benefits until the employee reaches a certain age, generally between 60 and 65. The benefits are limited to specified maximums as a percentage of income.

Premiums for group long-term disability are generally based on expected claims of a pool of similar risks plus provisions for administrative expenses and profit. Some cases carry experience rating provisions. Premiums for experience rated group long-term disability business are based on the expected experience of the client given its industry group, adjusted for the credibility of the specific claim experience of the client.

We have defined underwriting practices and procedures. If the coverage amount exceeds certain prescribed age and amount limits, we may require a prospective insured to submit evidence of insurability. Policies are typically issued, both at inception and renewal, with rate guarantees. In both cases the usual rate guarantee is two years. Guarantees of one year may be offered either at the request of the client or as required by us to manage risk. In a very limited number of circumstances guarantees of three years may be offered, but this will be at an additional cost. The profitability of the policy is dependent upon the adequacy of the rate during the rate guarantee period. The contracts provide for certain circumstances in which the rate guarantees can be overridden.

Profitability of group long-term disability insurance is affected by claims experience, investment returns, persistency, and the level of administrative expenses. Morbidity is an important factor in disability claims experience.

 

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Group Life

Group life products contributed approximately 18.3 percent of the Unum UK segment premium income in 2007. Group life products are sold to employers as employee benefit products. Group life consists primarily of renewable term life insurance with the coverages frequently linked to employees’ wages. Premiums for group life are generally based on expected claims of a pool of similar risks plus provisions for administrative expenses and profit. Underwriting and rate guarantees are similar to those utilized for group long-term disability products.

Profitability of group life is affected by claims experience, investment returns, persistency, and the level of administrative expenses.

Individual Disability

Individual disability products generated approximately 4.0 percent of the Unum UK segment premium income in 2007. Individual disability is offered primarily to individual retail customers. Individual disability insurance provides the insured with a portion of earned income lost as a result of sickness or injury. Under an individual disability policy, monthly benefits generally are fixed at the time the policy is written. The benefits typically range from 30 percent to 50 percent of the insured’s monthly earned income. Various options with respect to length of benefit periods and waiting periods before payment begins are available and permit tailoring of the policy to a specific policyholder’s needs. Individual disability products do not provide for the accumulation of cash values.

Premium rates for individual disability products vary by age, gender, and occupation based on assumptions concerning morbidity, persistency, administrative expenses, and investment income. We develop our assumptions based on our own claims experience and published industry tables. Our underwriters evaluate the medical and financial condition of prospective policyholders prior to the issuance of a policy.

Profitability of individual disability insurance is affected by persistency, investment returns, claims experience, and the level of administrative expenses.

Colonial Life Segment

The Colonial Life segment includes insurance for accident, sickness, and disability products, life products, and cancer and critical illness products issued primarily by Colonial Life & Accident Insurance Company and marketed to employees at the workplace through an agency sales force and brokers. Premium income for this segment totaled $907.2 million in 2007.

The accident, sickness, and disability product line, which generated approximately 62.5 percent of the Colonial Life segment premium income in 2007, consists of short-term disability plans as well as accident-only plans providing benefits for injuries on a specified loss basis. It also includes accident and health plans covering hospital admissions, confinement, and surgeries on an indemnity basis and group limited benefit medical plans which provide limited indemnity benefits for basic healthcare expenses. The life products contributed approximately 15.8 percent of the 2007 premium income for Colonial Life and are primarily comprised of universal life, whole life, level term life, and a small block of group term life policies.

Cancer and critical illness policies generated approximately 21.7 percent of the 2007 premium income for the Colonial Life segment. Cancer policies provide various benefits for the treatment of cancer including hospitalization, surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Critical illness policies provide a lump-sum benefit on the occurrence of a covered critical illness event.

The accident and health products qualify as fringe benefits that can be purchased with pre-tax employee dollars as part of a flexible benefits program pursuant to Section 125 of the Internal Revenue Code. Flexible benefits programs assist employers in managing benefit and compensation packages and provide policyholders the ability to choose benefits that best meet their needs. Congress could change the laws to limit or eliminate fringe benefits available on a pre-tax basis, eliminating our ability to continue marketing our products this way. However, we believe our products provide value to our policyholders which will remain even if the tax advantages offered by flexible benefits programs are modified or eliminated.

 

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Premiums for all products in this segment are generally based on our experience for morbidity, mortality, persistency, and expenses. Premiums for the accident, sickness, disability, cancer, and critical illness products are primarily individual guaranteed renewable wherein we have the ability to change premiums on a state by state basis. A small percentage of the policies are written on a group basis wherein we retain the right to change premiums at the individual account level. Premiums for the whole life and level term products are guaranteed for the life of the contract. Premiums for the universal life products are flexible and may vary at the individual policyholder level. For the group term life product, we retain the right to change premiums at the account level based on the experience of the account.

We have defined underwriting practices and procedures for each of our products. Most policies are issued on a simplified issue basis, based on answers to simple health and employment questions. If the amount applied for exceeds certain levels, the applicant may be asked to answer additional health questions or submit to additional medical examinations.

Profitability of these products is affected by the level of employee participation, persistency, claims experience, investment returns, and the level of administrative expenses.

Individual Disability – Closed Block Segment

Generally, the insurance policies included in the Individual Disability – Closed Block segment are individual disability insurance policies that were designed to be distributed to individuals in a non-workplace setting and that were written or assumed prior to the restructuring of our individual disability business. This restructuring principally occurred during the period from 1994 through 1998 and included changes in product offerings, pricing, distribution, and underwriting. During this period we gradually changed our distribution focus for individual disability insurance to workplace distribution as opposed to individual setting distribution, resulting in many of these changes. A minimal amount of new business continued to be sold subsequent to these changes, but we stopped selling new policies in this segment at the beginning of 2004 other than update features contractually allowable on existing policies. Premium income for this segment totaled $1,009.9 million in 2007.

The majority of the policies included in this segment represent individual disability insurance which was written on a noncancelable basis and issued or assumed by Unum America, Provident, and Paul Revere Life. Under a noncancelable policy, as long as the insured continues to pay the fixed annual premium for the policy’s duration, we cannot cancel the policy or raise the premium.

Profitability is affected by persistency, investment returns, claims experience, and the level of administrative expenses.

We have reinsurance agreements which effectively provide approximately 60 percent reinsurance coverage for our overall consolidated risk above a specified retention limit, which at December 31, 2007, equaled approximately $7.9 billion. The maximum risk limit for the reinsurer grows to approximately $2.3 billion over time, after which any further losses will revert to us.

Other Segment

The Other operating segment includes results from Unum US insured products not actively marketed (with the exception of the individual disability products in the Individual Disability – Closed Block segment), including individual life and corporate-owned life insurance, reinsurance pools and management operations, group pension, health insurance, and individual annuities.

Premium income for the insurance products in this segment totaled $1.7 million in 2007. It is expected that revenue and income will decline over time as these business lines wind down, and we expect to reinvest the capital supporting these lines of business in the future growth of the Unum US, Unum UK, and Colonial Life segments.

 

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Corporate Segment

The Corporate segment consists of revenue earned on corporate assets, interest expense on corporate debt, and certain corporate income and expense not allocated to a line of business.

Discontinued Operations

During the first quarter of 2007, we completed the sale of our wholly-owned subsidiary, GENEX Services, Inc. (GENEX), a leading workers’ compensation and medical cost containment services provider. Our growth strategy is focused on the development of our primary markets, and GENEX’s specialty role in case management and medical cost containment related to the workers’ compensation market was no longer consistent with our overall strategic direction.

During 2003, we entered into an agreement to sell our Canadian branch. The transaction closed April 30, 2004.

See “Selected Financial Data” contained herein in Item 6 and Note 2 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained herein in Item 8 for further information on our discontinued operations.

Reinsurance

In the normal course of business, we assume reinsurance from and cede reinsurance to other insurance companies. In a reinsurance transaction a reinsurer agrees to indemnify another insurer for part or all of its liability under a policy or policies it has issued for an agreed upon premium. The primary purpose of ceded reinsurance is to limit losses from large exposures. However, if the assuming reinsurer is unable to meet its obligations, we remain contingently liable. We evaluate the financial condition of reinsurers to whom we cede business and monitor concentration of credit risk to minimize our exposure. We may also require assets to be held in trust, letters of credit, or other acceptable collateral to support reinsurance recoverable balances.

In general, the maximum amount of risk retained by our U.S. insurance subsidiaries and not ceded is $0.6 million per covered life per policy under a group or individual life policy or a group or individual accidental death and dismemberment policy. For Unum Limited, we generally retain £1.0 million per covered life per policy. The amount of risk retained on individual disability products varies by policy type and year of issue. Other than catastrophic reinsurance coverage, we generally do not reinsure group or individual disability policies issued subsequent to 1999.

We have catastrophic reinsurance coverage which includes four layers of coverage to limit our exposure under life, accidental death and dismemberment, long-term care, and disability policies. Our catastrophic coverage is for any accident involving eleven, twenty-eight, fifty-five, and eighty-four or more lives for the four layers, respectively, in a single event. We have 80 percent reinsurance coverage in each of the first four layers for a total of $144.0 million of catastrophic reinsurance coverage, after a $20.0 million deductible. The first $30.0 million layer includes terrorism coverage other than that resulting from biological, chemical, and nuclear terrorism, whereas the second, third, and fourth layers each provide $50.0 million of coverage for all catastrophic events, including acts of war and any type of terrorism. Events may occur which limit or eliminate the availability of catastrophic reinsurance coverage in future years.

The reinsurance recoverable of $5,160.0 million at December 31, 2007 relates to 89 companies. Thirteen major companies account for approximately 90 percent of the reinsurance recoverable at December 31, 2007, and are all companies rated A or better by A.M. Best Company (AM Best) or are fully securitized by letters of credit or investment-grade fixed maturity securities held in trust. Virtually all of the remaining ten percent of the reinsurance recoverable relates to business reinsured either with companies rated A- or better by AM Best, with overseas entities with equivalent ratings or backed by letters of credit or trust agreements, or through reinsurance arrangements wherein we retain the assets in our general account. Less than one percent of the reinsurance recoverable is held by companies either rated below A- by AM Best or not rated.

The collectibility of our reinsurance recoverable is primarily a function of the solvency of the individual reinsurers. Although we have controls to minimize our exposure, the insolvency of a reinsurer or the inability or unwillingness

 

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of a reinsurer to comply with the terms of a reinsurance contract could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

See Note 13 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained herein in Item 8 for further discussion of our reinsurance activities.

Reserves

The applicable insurance laws under which insurance companies operate require that they report, as liabilities, policy reserves to meet future obligations on their outstanding policies. These reserves are the amounts which, with the additional premiums to be received and interest thereon compounded annually at certain assumed rates, are calculated to be sufficient to meet the various policy and contract obligations as they mature. These laws specify that the reserves shall not be less than reserves calculated using certain specified mortality and morbidity tables, interest rates, and methods of valuation.

The reserves reported in our financial statements contained herein are calculated in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and differ from those specified by the laws of the various states and reported in the statutory financial statements of our life insurance subsidiaries. These differences result from the use of mortality and morbidity tables and interest assumptions which we believe are more representative of the expected experience for these policies than those required for statutory accounting purposes and also result from differences in actuarial reserving methods.

The assumptions we use to calculate our reserves are intended to represent an estimate of experience for the period that policy benefits are payable. If actual experience is not less favorable than our reserve assumptions, then reserves should be adequate to provide for future benefits and expenses. If experience is less favorable than the reserve assumptions, additional reserves may be required. The key experience assumptions include disability claim incidence rates, disability claim recovery rates, mortality rates, policy persistency, and interest rates. We periodically review our experience and update our policy reserves for new issues and reserves for all claims incurred, as we believe appropriate.

The consolidated statements of income include the annual change in reserves for future policy and contract benefits. The change reflects a normal accretion for premium payments and interest buildup and decreases for policy terminations such as lapses, deaths, and benefit payments.

For further discussion of reserves, refer to “Risk Factors – Reserves” contained herein in Item 1A and to “Critical Accounting Estimates” and the discussion of segment operating results included in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained herein in Item 7.

Investments

Investment activities are an integral part of our business, and profitability is significantly affected by investment results. We segment our invested assets into portfolios that support our various product lines. Generally, our investment strategy for our portfolios is to match the effective asset cash flows and durations with related expected liability cash flows and durations to consistently meet the liability funding requirements of our businesses. We try to maximize investment income and assume credit risk in a prudent and selective manner, subject to constraints of quality, liquidity, diversification, and regulatory considerations. Our overall investment philosophy is to invest in a portfolio of high quality assets that provide investment returns consistent with that assumed in the pricing of our insurance products. Assets are invested predominately in fixed maturity securities, and the portfolio is matched with liabilities so as to eliminate as much as possible our exposure to changes in the overall level of interest rates. Changes in interest rates may affect the amount and timing of cash flows.

We actively manage our asset and liability cash flow match and our asset and liability duration match to minimize interest rate risk. We may redistribute investments between our different lines of business, when necessary, to adjust the cash flow and/or duration of the asset portfolios to better match the cash flow and duration of the liability portfolios. Asset and liability portfolio modeling is updated on a quarterly basis and is used as part of the overall interest rate risk management strategy. Cash flows from the inforce asset and liability portfolios are projected at

 

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current interest rate levels and also at levels reflecting an increase and a decrease in interest rates to obtain a range of projected cash flows under the different interest rate scenarios. These results enable us to assess the impact of projected changes in cash flows and duration resulting from potential changes in interest rates. Testing the asset and liability portfolios under various interest rate scenarios enables us to choose the most appropriate investment strategy as well as to minimize the risk of disadvantageous outcomes. This analysis is a precursor to our activities in derivative financial instruments, which are used to hedge interest rate risk and to manage duration match. We do not use derivatives for speculative purposes.

Refer to “Risk Factors – Investments” contained herein in Item 1A and the discussion of investments in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Notes 4 and 5 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained herein in Items 7 and 8, respectively, for information on our investments and derivative financial instruments.

Ratings

AM Best, Fitch Ratings (Fitch), Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s), and Standard & Poor’s Corporation (S&P) are among the third parties that assign issuer credit ratings to Unum Group and financial strength ratings to our insurance subsidiaries. Issuer credit ratings reflect an agency’s opinion of the overall financial capacity of a company to meet its senior debt obligations. Financial strength ratings are specific to each individual insurance subsidiary and reflect each rating agency’s view of the overall financial strength (capital levels, earnings, growth, investments, business mix, operating performance, and market position) of that insuring entity and its ability to meet its obligations to policyholders. Both the issuer credit ratings and financial strength ratings incorporate quantitative and qualitative analyses by rating agencies and are routinely reviewed and updated on an ongoing basis.

Rating agencies assign an outlook statement of “positive,” “negative,” or “developing” to indicate an intermediate-term trend in credit fundamentals which could lead to a rating change. “Positive” means that a rating may be raised, “negative” means that a rating may be lowered, and “developing” means that a rating may be raised or lowered with equal probability. Alternatively, a rating may have a “stable” outlook to indicate that the rating is not expected to change.

“Credit watch” or “under review” highlights the potential direction of a short-term or long-term rating. It focuses on identifiable events and short-term trends that cause a rating to be placed under heightened surveillance by a rating agency. Events that may trigger this action include mergers, acquisitions, recapitalizations, or anticipated operating developments. Ratings may be placed on credit watch or under review when an event or a change in an expected trend occurs and additional information is needed to evaluate the current rating level. This status does not mean that a rating change is inevitable, and ratings may change without first being placed on a watch list.

Our financial strength ratings as of February 2008 for our principal U.S. domiciled insurance company subsidiaries were:

 

   

A- (Excellent) by AM Best – 4th of 15 rankings

 

   

A- (Strong) by Fitch – 7th of 23 rankings

 

   

Baa1 (Adequate) by Moody’s – 8th of 21 rankings

 

   

BBB+ (Good) by S&P – 8th of 21 rankings

Our issuer credit ratings as of February 2008 were:

 

   

bbb- (Good) by AM Best – 10th of 22 rankings

 

   

BBB- (Good) by Fitch – 9th of 23 rankings

 

   

Ba1 (Speculative) by Moody’s – 11th of 21 rankings

 

   

BB+ (Speculative) by S&P – 11th of 22 rankings

The ratings from AM Best and Moody’s have a “stable” outlook, and the ratings from Fitch and S&P have a “positive” outlook. None of the ratings are currently under review or on credit watch. See further discussion in “Risk Factors – Issuer Credit Ratings and Financial Strength Ratings” contained herein in Item 1A and in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Ratings” contained

 

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herein in Item 7. A rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold securities and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the rating agency. Each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating.

Competition

There is intense competition among insurance companies for the types of products we sell. We believe that the principal competitive factors affecting our business are integrated product choices, price, quality of customer service and claims management, financial strength, and claims-paying ratings. In the individual and group disability markets, we compete in the United States with a limited number of major companies and regionally with other companies offering specialty products. Our principal competitors for our other products, including group life and long-term care as well as the product offerings sold to groups of employees through payroll deduction, include the largest insurance companies in the United States. Some of these companies have more competitive pricing or have higher claims-paying ratings. Some may also have greater financial resources with which to compete.

In the United Kingdom, we compete for individual and group products with a number of large internationally recognized providers. The life insurance market continues to go through a restructuring phase which has led to opportunities for both the strong specialist supplier and also new organizations that have recently been established to handle the run-off of closed businesses. Current penetration levels indicate that there is still significant upside growth potential in the United Kingdom for the types of products we offer.

All areas of the employee benefits markets are highly competitive due to the yearly renewable term nature of the products and the large number of insurance companies offering products in this market. There is a risk that purchasers of employee benefits products may be able to obtain more favorable terms from competitors in lieu of renewing coverage with us. The effect of competition may, as a result, adversely affect the persistency of these and other products, as well as our ability to sell products in the future.

We must attract and retain independent agents and brokers to actively market our products. Strong competition exists among insurers for agents and brokers. We compete with other insurers for sales agents and brokers primarily on the basis of our product offerings, financial strength, support services, and compensation. Sales of our products could be materially adversely affected if we are unsuccessful in attracting and retaining agents and brokers.

Regulation

General

Our U.S. insurance subsidiaries are subject to comprehensive regulation and oversight by insurance departments in jurisdictions in which they do business and by the U.S. Department of Labor on a national basis, primarily for the protection of policyholders. Unum Limited is subject to regulation by the Financial Services Authority (FSA) in the U.K. The state insurance departments in the United States and the FSA in the U.K. have broad administrative powers with respect to all aspects of the insurance business and, in particular, monitor the manner in which an insurance company offers, sells, and administers its products. This monitoring may include reviewing sales practices, including the content and use of advertising materials and the licensing and appointing of agents and brokers, as well as underwriting, claims, and customer service practices. The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) enforces a comprehensive federal statute which regulates claims paying fiduciary responsibilities and reporting and disclosure requirements for most employee benefit plans. Our domestic insurance subsidiaries must meet the standards and tests for investments imposed by state insurance laws and regulations of the jurisdictions in which they are domiciled. Domestic insurance subsidiaries operate under insurance laws which require they establish and carry, as liabilities, statutory reserves to meet policyholder obligations. These reserves are verified periodically by various regulators. Our domestic insurance subsidiaries are examined periodically by examiners from their states of domicile and by other states in which they are licensed to conduct business. The domestic examinations have traditionally emphasized financial matters from the perspective of protection of policyholders, but they can and have covered other subjects that an examining state may be interested in reviewing, such as market conduct issues. Other states more typically perform market conduct examinations that include a review of a company’s sales practices, including advertising and licensing of agents and brokers, as well as underwriting, claims, and customer service practices to determine compliance with state laws.

 

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Examinations and Investigations

Claim Related

During 2004 and 2005, certain of our insurance subsidiaries entered into settlement agreements with various regulators related to disability claims handling practices. The agreements provide for changes in certain of our claims handling procedures and a claim reassessment process available to certain claimants whose claims were denied or closed during specified periods. The agreements will remain in place until the later of January 1, 2007, or the completion of an examination of claims handling practices and an examination of the reassessment process, both of which are to be conducted by the lead state regulators. The settlement agreements also provide for a contingent fine of up to $145.0 million on our U.S. insurance subsidiaries in the event that we fail to satisfactorily meet the performance standards in the settlement agreements relating to the examinations referred to above. The parties to the agreements subsequently agreed to extend the reassessment process until December 31, 2007. We have now completed the claims reassessment process, as required by the regulatory settlement agreements. The lead regulators began the examinations described above in June 2007 and on February 20, 2008, met with members of our board of directors and management to report the results and to advise that no fines will be assessed. The final report for the examinations under the regulatory settlement agreements is expected to be completed by mid-2008.

See further discussion under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Note 15 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained herein in Items 7 and 8, respectively.

Broker Compensation, Quoting Process, and Other Matters

Beginning in 2004, several of our insurance subsidiaries’ insurance regulators requested information relating to the subsidiaries’ policies and practices on one or more aspects of broker compensation, quoting insurance business, and related matters. Additionally, we have responded to investigations about certain of these same matters by state attorneys general and the DOL. Following highly publicized litigation involving the alleged practices of a major insurance broker, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) has undertaken to provide a uniform Compensation Disclosure Amendment to the Producer Licensing Model Act that can be adopted by states in an effort to provide uniform guidance to insurers, brokers, and customers relating to disclosure of broker compensation. We expect there to be continued uncertainty surrounding this matter until clearer regulatory guidelines are established.

In June 2004, we received a subpoena from the Office of the New York Attorney General (NYAG) requesting documents and information relating to compensation arrangements between insurance brokers or intermediaries and our companies. In November 2006, we entered into a settlement agreement with the NYAG in the form of an assurance of discontinuance that provided for a national restitution fund of $15.5 million, which we expect will be fully distributed by December 2008.

Since October 2004, we have received subpoenas or information requests from the NYAG, a Federal Grand Jury in San Diego, the District Attorney for the County of San Diego, insurance departments, and/or other state regulatory or investigatory agencies of at least seven additional states including Connecticut, Florida, Maine, Massachusetts, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee. The subpoenas and information requests sought information regarding, among other things, quoting processes, broker compensation, solicitation activities, policies sold to state or municipal entities, and information regarding compensation arrangements with brokers, particularly with regard to Universal Life Resources, Inc. We have cooperated fully with these investigations.

With respect to the states listed, other than Florida and other than those with whom settlements have been reached, we have not received any further inquiries in the past 12 months and consider those investigations to be dormant.

We have also had discussions with the DOL regarding compliance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), relating to our interactions with insurance brokers and relating to regulations concerning insurance information provided by us to plan administrators of ERISA plans, including specifically the reporting of fees and

 

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commissions paid to agents, brokers, and others in accordance with the requirements of Schedule A of Form 5500. The DOL is pursuing an investigation of the Company concerning these issues, both generally and specifically in connection with certain brokers, including Universal Life Resources, Inc. We are cooperating fully with the DOL’s investigation.

We previously announced that we support the full disclosure of compensation paid to both brokers and agents. We have implemented policies to facilitate customers obtaining information regarding broker compensation from their brokers. Additionally, we provide appropriate notices to customers stating our policy surrounding disclosure and provide information on our website about our broker compensation programs. Under these policies, any customer who wants specific broker compensation related information can obtain this information by contacting our Broker Compensation Services toll-free number. Other changes include requiring customer approval of compensation paid by us to the broker when the customer is also paying a fee to the broker and strengthening certain policies and procedures associated with new business and quoting activities.

In October 2007, the FSA conducted its annual risk assessment of Unum Limited and has now issued its report. The FSA conducts risk assessment reviews on a regular basis in the normal course of its regulatory role. We have an opportunity to respond to the factual findings and submit our response to the FSA for its review. We cooperate fully with the FSA in its regular review of risks in our U.K. regulated businesses.

Beginning in March 2005, several of our insurance subsidiaries received requests from various regulatory agencies seeking information relating to finite reinsurance. The requests seek information on such matters as our use of finite reinsurance, controls relating to proper accounting treatment, existence of side agreements, and maintenance of underwriting files on the reinsurance agreements. We have responded to all requests.

In March 2006, we received a subpoena from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) seeking information regarding certain reinsurance transactions and transactions regarding “Non Traditional Products” entered into after January 1, 2002. We have fully cooperated with the SEC in its investigation.

See further discussion under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Note 15 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained herein in Items 7 and 8, respectively.

Capital Requirements

Risk-based capital (RBC) standards for U.S. life insurance companies have been prescribed by the NAIC. The domiciliary states of our U.S. insurance subsidiaries have all adopted a version of the RBC model formula of the NAIC, which prescribes a system for assessing the adequacy of statutory capital and surplus for all life and health insurers. The basis of the system is a risk-based formula that applies prescribed factors to the various risk elements in a life and health insurer’s business to report a minimum capital requirement proportional to the amount of risk assumed by the insurer. The life and health RBC formula is designed to measure annually (i) the risk of loss from asset defaults and asset value fluctuations, (ii) the risk of loss from adverse mortality and morbidity experience, (iii) the risk of loss from mismatching of asset and liability cash flow due to changing interest rates, and (iv) business risks. The formula is used as an early warning tool to identify companies that are potentially inadequately capitalized. The formula is intended to be used as a regulatory tool only and is not intended as a means to rank insurers generally. Unum Limited is subject to regulation, including capital adequacy requirements and minimum solvency margins, by the FSA in the U.K. See further discussion in “Risk Factors – Capital Adequacy” contained herein in Item 1A and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” contained herein in Item 7.

Insurance Holding Company Regulation

The insurance holding company laws and regulations of the states of Maine, Massachusetts, Tennessee, South Carolina, New York, Vermont, and California require the registration of and periodic reporting of financial and other information about operations, including inter-company transactions within the system, by insurance companies domiciled within their jurisdiction which control or are controlled by other corporations or persons so as to constitute an insurance holding company system.

 

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Unum Group is registered under such laws as an insurance holding company system in Maine, Massachusetts, Tennessee, South Carolina, New York, Vermont, and California. Most states, including the states in which our insurance subsidiaries are domiciled, have laws and regulations that require regulatory approval of a change in control of an insurer or an insurer’s holding company. Where such laws and regulations apply to the Company and its insurance subsidiaries, there can be no effective change in control of the Company unless the person seeking to acquire control has filed a statement with specified information with the insurance regulators and has obtained prior approval for the proposed change from such regulators. The usual measure for a presumptive change of control pursuant to these laws is the acquisition of 10 percent or more of the voting stock of an insurance company or its parent, although this presumption is rebuttable. Consequently, a person acquiring 10 percent or more of the voting stock of an insurance company or its parent without the prior approval of the insurance regulators in the states in which the company’s insurance subsidiaries are domiciled or deemed to be domiciled will be in violation of these laws. Such a person may also be subject to one or more of the following actions: (i) injunctive action requiring the disposition or seizure of those securities by the applicable insurance regulator; (ii) prohibition of voting of such shares; and, (iii) other actions determined by the relevant insurance regulator. Further, many states’ insurance laws require prior notification of state insurance regulators of a change of control of a non-domiciled insurance company doing business in that state. These pre-notification statutes do not authorize the state insurance regulators to disapprove the change in control; however, they do authorize regulatory action in the affected state if particular conditions exist such as undue market concentration. Any future transactions that would constitute a change in control of the Company may require prior notification in those states that have adopted pre-notification laws.

These laws may discourage potential acquisition proposals and may delay, deter, or prevent a change in control of the Company, including through transactions, and in particular unsolicited transactions, that some or all of the stockholders of the Company might consider to be desirable.

In addition, such laws and regulations restrict the amount of dividends that may be paid by our insurance subsidiaries to their respective shareholders, including the Company. See further discussion in “Risk Factors – Dividend Restrictions” contained herein in Item 1A and “Liquidity and Capital Resources – Cash Available from Subsidiaries” contained herein in Item 7.

Our Company may also from time to time be subject to regulation under applicable regulations and reporting requirements in the foreign jurisdictions in which it or its affiliates do business or have done business.

Federal Laws and Regulations

The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (Patriot Act), enacted in response to the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, contains anti-money laundering and financial transparency laws and mandates the implementation of various new regulations applicable to broker-dealers and other financial services companies, including insurance companies. The Patriot Act seeks to promote cooperation among financial institutions, regulators and law enforcement entities in identifying parties that may be involved in terrorism or money laundering. Anti-money laundering laws outside of the United States contain some similar provisions. The increased obligations of financial institutions to identify their customers, watch for and report suspicious transactions, respond to requests for information by regulatory authorities and law enforcement agencies, and share information with other financial institutions, require the implementation and maintenance of internal practices, procedures, and controls.

For further discussion of regulation, refer to “Risk Factors – Regulation” contained herein in Item 1A.

Geographic Areas

Segment operating revenue, which excludes net realized investment gains and losses, for our Unum UK segment totaled $1,171.8 million, $1,017.5 million, and $945.6 million for 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively. Unum UK’s operating revenue in 2007 equaled approximately 11.1 percent of total segment operating revenue. Total assets and total liabilities, as of December 31, 2007, were $4.0 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively, for Unum UK. Fluctuations in the U.S. dollar relative to the local currency of this subsidiary will impact our reported operating results. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained herein in Item 7 and Note 14 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained herein in Item 8 for further discussion of Unum UK’s operating results.

 

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Employees

At December 31, 2007, we had approximately 9,700 full-time employees.

Available Information

Our internet website address is www.unum.com. We make available, free of charge, on or through our website our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after filing such material with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Executive Officers of the Registrant

The executive officers of the Company, all of whom are also executive officers of certain principal subsidiaries, were appointed by our board of directors to serve until their successors are chosen and qualified or until their earlier resignation or removal.

 

Name

   Age   

Position

Thomas R. Watjen

   53    President and Chief Executive Officer and a Director

Robert O. Best

   58    Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer Unum US

Charles L. Glick *

   53    Executive Vice President and General Counsel

Robert C. Greving

   56    Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Actuary

Kevin P. McCarthy

   52    Executive Vice President, President and Chief Executive Officer, Unum US

Randall C. Horn

   55    Executive Vice President, President and Chief Executive Officer, Colonial Life

Susan L. Ring

   47    Executive Vice President, President and Chief Executive Officer, Unum UK

*  Mr. Glick has resigned from his position with the Company effective March 31, 2008.

Mr. Watjen became President and Chief Executive Officer in March 2003. He served as Vice Chairman and Chief Operating Officer from May 2002 until March 2003. He became Executive Vice President, Finance in June 1999 and assumed the additional Risk Management responsibilities in November 1999. Mr. Watjen originally joined a Unum Group predecessor company as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in 1994.

Mr. Best became Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer Unum US in January 2007. Prior to that, he served as Executive Vice President, Service Operations and Chief Information Officer from January 2006. Prior to that time, he served as Executive Vice President, The Client Services Center, and Chief Information Officer from May 2003. He served as Senior Vice President, Customer Loyalty Services, and Chief Information Officer from March 2000 until May 2003. Mr. Best originally joined a Unum Group predecessor company as Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer in 1994.

Mr. Glick became Executive Vice President and General Counsel in September 2005. Prior to joining the Company, he was the principal of Orchard Equity, Inc., from 2003 to 2005. Mr. Glick was formerly deputy general counsel for Bank One Corporation from 2001 to 2003 and previously was a founding partner of Hedlund Hanley & John.

Mr. Greving was named Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in May 2003 and appointed Chief Actuary in August 2005. He served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from May 2002 until May 2003. Prior to that time he served as Senior Vice President, Finance from August 2000. Mr. Greving originally joined a Unum Group predecessor company as Senior Vice President and Chief Actuary in April 1997.

 

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Mr. McCarthy was named Executive Vice President, President and Chief Executive Officer, Unum US in May 2007. He became Executive Vice President, President, Unum US in January 2007. Prior to that, he served as Executive Vice President, Risk Operations from January 2006. He previously served as Executive Vice President, Underwriting from May 2003. He served as Senior Vice President, Underwriting from November 2001 until May 2003 and as Senior Vice President, Marketing, Product Development, and International from December 1999 until November 2001. Mr. McCarthy originally joined a Unum Group predecessor company in 1976.

Mr. Horn was named Executive Vice President, President and Chief Executive Officer, Colonial Life in May 2007. Prior to that, he served as Executive Vice President, President and Chief Executive Officer of Colonial Life & Accident Insurance Company from March 2004. Before joining the Company, he served as Executive Vice President of Mutual of Omaha Insurance Company from September 1981 until September 2003.

Ms. Ring was named Executive Vice President, President and Chief Executive Officer, Unum UK in May 2007. She became Executive Vice President, Chief Executive Officer of Unum Limited in November 2006. She served as Chairman and Managing Director of Unum Limited from December 2002 until November 2006. She served as Operations Director from 1999 until 2002 and prior to that time was Director of Risk Management. Ms. Ring joined Unum Limited as Director of Customer Services in 1995.

 

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Discussed below are certain factors that may adversely affect our business, financial position, or results of operations. Any one or more of the following factors may cause our actual results for various financial reporting periods to differ materially from those expressed in any forward looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” contained herein on page 1.

Regulation

Our U.S. insurance subsidiaries are subject to extensive supervision and regulation. The regulations may affect the cost or demand for our products and may hinder us from taking desired actions to increase our profitability. Our insurance company subsidiaries may not be able to obtain or maintain necessary licenses, permits, authorizations, or accreditations, or may be able to do so only at great cost. In addition, we may not be able to comply fully with, or obtain appropriate exemptions from, the wide variety of laws and regulations applicable to insurance companies and insurance holding companies. Failure to comply with or to obtain appropriate exemptions under any applicable laws could result in restrictions on our ability to do business in one or more of the jurisdictions in which we operate and could result in fines and other sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations.

Congress, as well as foreign, state, and local governments, could enact legislation related to changes in tax laws that could increase our tax costs or affect the desirability of our products by consumers.

ERISA was passed by Congress in 1974. One of the purposes of ERISA was to reserve for federal authority the sole power to regulate the field of employee benefits. ERISA was intended to eliminate the threat of conflicting or inconsistent state and local regulation of employee benefit plans, and thus ERISA pre-empts all state laws except those that specifically regulate the business of insurance. ERISA also provides an exclusive remedial scheme for any action brought by ERISA plan participants and beneficiaries. ERISA has allowed plan administrators and plan fiduciaries to efficiently manage employee benefit plans in the United States. Most group long-term and short-term disability plans administered by the Company are governed by ERISA. Changes to ERISA enacted by Congress or via judicial interpretations could adversely affect the risk of managing employee benefit plans, increase the premiums associated with such plans, and ultimately affect their affordability.

Unum Limited is subject to regulation by the FSA in the U.K. The FSA has broad administrative powers, including the power to limit or restrict Unum Limited from doing business in the event that it fails to comply with U.K. laws and regulations.

Many regulatory and governmental bodies have the authority to review our products and business practices and those of our agents and employees. These regulatory or governmental bodies may bring regulatory or other legal actions against us if, in their view, our practices are improper. These actions can result in substantial fines or restrictions on our business activities and could have a material adverse effect on our business or results of operations.

During 2002 and 2003, our U.S. insurance subsidiaries experienced increased market conduct examinations focused specifically on our disability claims handling policies and practices. These examinations by state insurance departments have generally involved a review of complaints from policyholders or insureds on a range of subjects and a review of disability claim files and associated materials from group long-term and individual disability product lines. Because of the number of market conduct examinations initiated during 2002 and 2003, a coordinated multistate market conduct examination of our disability claims handling practices was organized during 2003 by Maine, Massachusetts, and Tennessee, the states of domicile for several of our insurance subsidiaries. In November 2004, we entered into settlement agreements with state insurance regulators upon conclusion of the multistate market conduct examination. A total of 48 states and the District of Columbia were parties to the settlement agreements. In addition, the DOL, which had been conducting an inquiry relating to certain ERISA plans, was a party to the settlement agreements, and the NYAG, which had engaged in its own investigation of our claims handling practices, notified us that it was in support of the settlement and was, therefore, closing its investigation on this issue. In October 2005, we entered into a settlement agreement with the California Department of Insurance (DOI), concluding a market conduct examination and investigation of the subsidiaries’ disability claims handling practices.

 

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The California DOI had chosen not to join the 2004 multistate settlement agreements. See previous discussion under “Regulation – Examinations and Investigations” contained herein in Item 1, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained herein in Item 7, and Note 15 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained herein in Item 8 for additional information concerning these settlement agreements and other regulatory examinations and investigations.

The 2004 multistate regulatory settlement agreements and the 2005 California DOI settlement agreement resulted in changes in our claims handling practices and a process for reassessing certain claims. These and other regulatory examinations or investigations could result in, among other things, changes in business practices, including changes in broker compensation and related disclosure practices, changes in the use and oversight of reinsurance, changes in governance and other oversight procedures, fines, and other administrative action. Such results, singly or in combination, could injure our reputation, cause negative publicity, adversely affect our issuer credit ratings and financial strength ratings, place us at a competitive disadvantage in marketing or administering our products, or impair our ability to sell or retain insurance policies, thereby adversely affecting our business, and potentially materially adversely affecting the results of operations in a period, depending on the results of operations for the particular period. Determination by regulatory authorities that we have engaged in improper conduct could also adversely affect our defense of various lawsuits.

Reserves

Reserves, whether calculated under GAAP or statutory accounting principles, do not represent an exact calculation of future benefit liabilities but are instead estimates made by us using actuarial and statistical procedures. There can be no assurance that any such reserves will be sufficient to fund our future liabilities in all circumstances. Future loss development could require reserves to be increased, which would adversely affect earnings in current and future periods. Adjustments to reserve amounts may be required in the event of changes from the assumptions regarding future morbidity (the incidence of claims and the rate of recovery, including the effects thereon of inflation and other societal and economic factors), persistency, mortality, and interest rates used in calculating the reserve amounts. See “Critical Accounting Estimates” included in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained herein in Item 7 for further discussion.

Issuer Credit Ratings and Financial Strength Ratings

We compete based in part on the financial strength ratings provided by rating agencies. The downgrade of our financial strength ratings could adversely affect us and could potentially, among other things, adversely affect relationships with distributors of our products and services and retention of our sales force, negatively impact persistency and new sales, and generally adversely affect our ability to compete. A downgrade in the issuer credit rating assigned to Unum Group or a negative outlook statement by a rating agency could have an effect on our ability to raise capital and on our cost of capital.

See “Ratings” contained herein in Item 1 and in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained herein in Item 7 for further discussion of our ratings from these agencies.

Litigation

The Company and/or its subsidiaries’ directors and officers have been sued in over 20 purported class action and stockholder derivative lawsuits. These lawsuits are in a very preliminary stage, the outcome is uncertain, and we are unable to estimate a range of reasonably possible losses. Reserves have not been established for these matters. An adverse outcome in one or more of these actions could, depending on the nature, scope and amount of the ruling, materially adversely affect our results of operations, encourage other litigation, and limit our ability to write new business, particularly if the adverse outcomes negatively impact certain of our ratings.

 

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In addition to the claim related litigation described above, the Company and its insurance subsidiaries, as part of their normal operations in managing claims, are engaged in claim litigation where disputes arise as a result of a denial or termination of benefits. Typically those lawsuits are filed on behalf of a single claimant or policyholder, and in some of these individual actions punitive damages are sought, such as claims alleging bad faith in the handling of insurance claims. For our general claim litigation, we maintain reserves based on experience to satisfy judgments and settlements in the normal course. We expect that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to general claim litigation, after consideration of the reserves maintained, will not be material to our consolidated financial position. Nevertheless, given the inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain claim litigation involving punitive damages could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in a period, depending on our results of operations for the particular period. We are unable to estimate a range of reasonably possible punitive losses.

Refer to Note 15 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained herein in Item 8 for additional information on certain of the above legal proceedings.

Deferred Acquisition Costs, Value of Business Acquired, and Goodwill

We defer certain costs incurred in acquiring new business and expense these costs over the life of the related policies. These costs include certain commissions, other agency compensation, selection and policy issue expenses, and field expenses. Value of business acquired (VOBA) represents the present value of future profits recorded in connection with the acquisition of a block of insurance policies. Deferred acquisition costs and VOBA are amortized based primarily upon expected future premium income of the related insurance policies. Recoverability testing for deferred acquisition costs and VOBA is performed when, in our judgment, adverse deviations from original assumptions have occurred and may be likely to continue such that recoverability of deferred acquisition costs and/or VOBA on a line of business is questionable. Insurance contracts are grouped on a basis consistent with our manner of acquiring, servicing, and measuring profitability of the contracts. If recoverability testing indicates that either deferred acquisition costs and/or VOBA are not recoverable, the deficiency is charged to expense.

Goodwill is not amortized, but we review on an annual basis the carrying amount of goodwill for indications of impairment, with consideration given to financial performance and other relevant factors. In accordance with accounting guidance, we test for impairment at either the operating segment level or one level below. In addition, certain events including, but not limited to, a significant adverse change in legal factors or the business environment, an adverse action by a regulator or rating agency, or unanticipated competition would cause us to review goodwill for impairment more frequently than annually.

Industry Factors

All of our businesses are highly regulated and competitive. Our profitability is affected by a number of factors, including rate competition, frequency and severity of claims, lapse rates, government regulation, interest rates, and general business considerations. There are many insurance companies which actively compete with us in our lines of business, some of which are larger and have greater financial resources, and there is no assurance that we will be able to compete effectively against such companies in the future. See “Competition” contained herein in Item 1 for additional information on the competition we face.

Capital Adequacy

The capacity for an insurance company’s growth in premiums is in part a function of its statutory surplus. Maintaining appropriate levels of statutory surplus, as measured by state insurance regulations, is considered important by state insurance regulatory authorities and the rating agencies that rate insurers’ claims-paying abilities and financial strength. Failure to maintain certain levels of statutory surplus could result in increased regulatory scrutiny, action by state regulatory authorities, or a downgrade by the rating agencies.

The individual RBC ratios for our U.S. insurance subsidiaries at December 31, 2007, were above the range that would require state regulatory action. If the NAIC or state regulators adopt revisions to the RBC formula, our insurance subsidiaries may require additional capital. The additional capital required may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. In addition, insurance companies in the U.K. are subject to regulation, including capital

 

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adequacy requirements and minimum solvency margins, by the FSA. Need for additional capital could limit a subsidiary’s ability to distribute funds to the holding company and adversely affect our ability to pay dividends on our common stock and meet our debt and other payment obligations.

Disability Insurance

Disability insurance may be affected by a number of social, economic, governmental, competitive, and other factors. Changes in societal attitudes, work ethics, motivation, stability, and mores can significantly affect the demand for and underwriting results from disability products. The climate and the nature of competition in disability insurance have also been markedly affected by the growth of social security, workers’ compensation, and other governmental programs in the workplace.

Both economic and societal factors can affect claim incidence for disability insurance. Claim incidence and claim recovery rates may be influenced by, among other factors, the rate of unemployment and consumer confidence. The relationship between these and other factors and overall incidence is very complex and will vary due to contract design features and the degree of expertise within the insuring organization to price, underwrite, and adjudicate the claims. Within the group disability market, pricing and renewal actions can be taken to react to higher claim rates. However, these actions take time to implement, and there is a risk that the market will not sustain increased prices. In addition, changes in economic and external conditions may not manifest themselves in claims experience for an extended period of time.

The pricing actions available in the individual disability market differ between product classes. Our individual noncancelable disability policies, whereby the policy is guaranteed to be renewable through the life of the policy at a fixed premium, do not permit us to adjust premiums on our in-force business due to changes resulting from such factors. Guaranteed renewable contracts that are not noncancelable can be re-priced to reflect external factors, but rate changes cannot be implemented as quickly as in the group disability market.

Disability insurance products are important products for us. To the extent that disability products are adversely affected in the future as to sales or claims, our business or results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Long-term Care Insurance

Long-term care insurance can be affected by a number of demographic, medical, economic, governmental, competitive, and other factors. Because long-term care insurance is a relatively new insurance product, the degree of expertise within the insuring organization to properly price the products and use appropriate assumptions when establishing reserves potentially has greater risk than that of other product offerings for which greater experience exists regarding trends and appropriate assumptions. Mortality is a critical factor influencing the length of time a claimant receives long-term care benefits. Mortality continues to improve for the general population, and life expectancy trends have extended. Changes in actual mortality trends relative to assumptions may adversely affect our profitability. Long-term care insurance is guaranteed renewable and can be re-priced to reflect external factors, but the re-pricing is subject to regulatory approval which can affect the length of time in which the re-pricing can be implemented.

Group Life Insurance

Group life insurance may be affected by many factors, including the characteristics of the employees insured, the amount of insurance employees may elect voluntarily, our risk selection process, our ability to retain employer groups with lower claim incidence rates, the geographical concentration of employees, and mortality rates. Claim incidence may also be influenced by unexpected catastrophic events such as terrorist attacks and natural disasters, which may also affect the availability of reinsurance coverage. Changes in any of these factors may adversely affect our profitability.

 

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Epidemics, Pandemics, Terrorists Attacks, Natural Disasters, or Other Extreme Events

Extreme events, including terrorism, can affect the economy in general, our industry, and us specifically. Such events could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations, and in the event of extreme circumstances, our financial condition or viability. Beyond obtaining coverage for our facilities, there are few, if any, commercial options through which to transfer the exposure from terrorism away from us. In particular, in the event of bioterrorism attacks, epidemics, or other extreme events, we could face significant health care costs depending on the government’s actions and the responsiveness of public health agencies and other insurers. In addition, we could also be adversely affected if we do not maintain adequate procedures to ensure disaster recovery and business continuity for our facilities and operations in the event of such occurrences.

Investments

We maintain an investment portfolio that consists primarily of fixed income securities. The quality and/or yield of the portfolio may be affected by a number of factors, including the general economic and business environment, changes in the credit quality of the issuer, changes in market conditions, changes in interest rates, changes in foreign exchange rates, or regulatory changes. These securities are issued by both domestic and foreign entities and are backed either by collateral or the credit of the underlying issuer. Factors such as an economic downturn or political change in the country of the issuer, a regulatory change pertaining to the issuer’s industry, a significant deterioration in the cash flows of the issuer, accounting irregularities or fraud committed by the issuer, or a change in the issuer’s marketplace may adversely affect our ability to collect principal and interest from the issuer.

The investments we hold are predominantly invested to support the insurance liabilities of our subsidiaries. The timing and/or amount of the investment cash flows may not match those of the liabilities.

The investments held by our insurance subsidiaries are highly regulated by specific legislation in each state that governs the type, amount, and credit quality of allowable investments. Legislative changes could force us to restructure the portfolio in an unfavorable interest rate or credit environment, with a resulting adverse effect on profitability and the level of statutory capital.

We use derivative instruments to hedge interest rate risk and to manage duration match. Our profitability may be adversely affected if a counterparty to the derivative defaults in its payment. This default risk is mitigated by cross-collateralization agreements.

Dividend Restrictions

Unum Group and certain of its intermediate holding company subsidiaries and/or finance subsidiaries rely on dividends or extensions of credit from our insurance company subsidiaries, including our U.S. insurance subsidiaries and Unum Limited, to make dividend payments on our common stock, meet debt payment obligations, and pay our other obligations. Our insurance company subsidiaries are subject to regulatory limitations on the payment of dividends and on other transfers of funds to affiliates. The level of statutory earnings and capital in our insurance subsidiaries could impact their ability to pay dividends or to make other transfers of funds to the holding company, which could impair our ability to pay our dividends or meet our debt and other payment obligations. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” included in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained herein in Item 7 and Note 16 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained herein in Item 8 for a discussion of the existing regulatory limitations on dividends.

 

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

We occupy approximately 3.1 million square feet of space at four principal operating centers in Chattanooga, Tennessee; Portland, Maine; Worcester, Massachusetts; and Columbia, South Carolina.

We own and occupy two connected buildings in Chattanooga, Tennessee, with approximately 901,000 square feet of office space. We own and occupy five facilities in Portland, Maine, with approximately 838,000 square feet of office space. We own and occupy facilities totaling approximately 385,000 square feet in Worcester, Massachusetts. We own and occupy approximately 523,000 square feet of office space in Columbia, South Carolina.

We also occupy office buildings in the United Kingdom which serve as the home offices of Unum Limited. We own and occupy property located in Dorking, with approximately 63,000 square feet of office space. In addition, approximately 65,000 square feet of office space is leased and occupied in two office buildings located in Bristol and Basingstoke.

We lease and occupy approximately 89,000 square feet of office space in Glendale, California. Additionally, we lease other office space, for periods principally from five to ten years, for use by our affiliates and sales forces.

We believe our properties and facilities are suitable and adequate for current operations.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Refer to Item 8, Note 15 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for information on legal proceedings.

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

None

 

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PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Common stock of Unum Group is traded on the New York Stock Exchange. The stock symbol is “UNM.” Quarterly closing prices and dividends paid per share of common stock are as follows:

 

     Market Price     
     High    Low    Dividend

2007

        

1st Quarter

   $ 23.40    $ 19.79    $ 0.075

2nd Quarter

     28.20      22.83      0.075

3rd Quarter

     26.75      22.02      0.075

4th Quarter

     26.67      22.36      0.075

2006

        

1st Quarter

   $ 24.44    $ 19.93    $ 0.075

2nd Quarter

     20.88      17.08      0.075

3rd Quarter

     19.78      16.15      0.075

4th Quarter

     22.58      19.20      0.075

The following graph shows a five year comparison of cumulative total returns for our common stock’s historical performance, the S&P Composite Index, and the Insurance Index (non-weighted average of “total returns” from the S&P Life & Health Index and the S&P Multi-line Index). Past performance is not an indication of future results.

LOGO

As of February 21, 2008, there were 16,301 registered holders of common stock.

In October 2007, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $700.0 million of Unum Group’s common stock. The share repurchase program does not have an expiration date, and the pace of repurchase activity will depend upon various factors such as the level of available cash, alternative uses for cash, and our stock price. The authorization may be modified, extended, or terminated by our board of directors at any time. At December 31, 2007, no common stock had been repurchased under this program. During January 2008, we repurchased

 

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approximately 14 million shares of our outstanding common stock, pursuant to the share repurchase authorization, using an accelerated share repurchase agreement.

For information on restrictions relating to our insurance subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends to the holding company see “Dividend Restrictions” contained herein in Item 1A, “Liquidity and Capital Resources – Cash Available from Subsidiaries” contained herein in Item 7, and Note 16 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained herein in Item 8. For information relating to compensation plans under which Unum Group’s equity securities are authorized for issuance, see Item 12 contained herein.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

(in millions of dollars, except share data)                              
     At or for the Year Ended December 31  
     2007     2006    2005     2004     2003  

Statement of Operations Data

           

Revenue

           

Premium Income

   $ 7,901.1     $ 7,948.2    $ 7,815.6     $ 7,839.6     $ 7,615.7  

Net Investment Income

     2,409.9       2,320.6      2,188.3       2,158.7       2,158.4  

Net Realized Investment Gain (Loss)

     (65.2 )     2.2      (6.7 )     29.2       (173.8 )

Other Income

     274.1       264.3      262.1       260.3       218.3  
                                       

Total

     10,519.9       10,535.3      10,259.3       10,287.8       9,818.6  
                                       

Benefits and Expenses

           

Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits (1)

     6,988.2       7,577.2      7,083.2       7,248.4       7,868.1  

Commissions

     841.1       819.0      804.7       842.3       844.1  

Interest and Debt Expense and Cost Related to Early Retirement of Debt (2)

     241.9       217.6      208.0       207.1       187.2  

Other Expenses (3)

     1,451.5       1,456.1      1,469.5       2,265.7       1,371.6  
                                       

Total

     9,522.7       10,069.9      9,565.4       10,563.5       10,271.0  
                                       

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Income Tax and Cumulative Effect of Accounting Principle Change

     997.2       465.4      693.9       (275.7 )     (452.4 )

Income Tax (Benefit) (4)

     324.8       61.8      189.9       (74.3 )     (177.9 )
                                       

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Cumulative Effect of Accounting Principle Change

     672.4       403.6      504.0       (201.4 )     (274.5 )

Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (5)

     6.9       7.4      9.6       (51.6 )     (151.8 )

Cumulative Effect of Accounting Principle Change, Net of Income Tax (6)

     —         —        —         —         39.9  
                                       

Net Income (Loss)

   $ 679.3     $ 411.0    $ 513.6     $ (253.0 )   $ (386.4 )
                                       

Balance Sheet Data

           

Assets

   $ 52,432.7     $ 52,823.3    $ 51,866.8     $ 50,832.3     $ 49,718.3  

Long-term Debt

   $ 2,515.2     $ 2,659.6    $ 3,261.6     $ 2,862.0     $ 2,789.0  

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

   $ 463.5     $ 612.8    $ 1,163.5     $ 1,481.1     $ 1,171.2  

Other Stockholders’ Equity

     7,576.4       7,106.0      6,200.4       5,743.0       6,099.8  
                                       

Total Stockholders’ Equity

   $ 8,039.9     $ 7,718.8    $ 7,363.9     $ 7,224.1     $ 7,271.0  
                                       

 

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     At or for the Year Ended December 31  
     2007    2006    2005    2004     2003  

Per Share Data

             

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations (7)

             

Basic

   $ 1.90    $ 1.25    $ 1.71    $ (0.68 )   $ (0.99 )

Assuming Dilution

   $ 1.89    $ 1.21    $ 1.61    $ (0.68 )   $ (0.99 )

Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations

             

Basic

   $ 0.02    $ 0.02    $ 0.03    $ (0.18 )   $ (0.55 )

Assuming Dilution

   $ 0.02    $ 0.02    $ 0.03    $ (0.18 )   $ (0.55 )

Cumulative Effect of Accounting Principle Change

             

Basic

              $ 0.14  

Assuming Dilution

              $ 0.14  

Net Income (Loss)

             

Basic

   $ 1.92    $ 1.27    $ 1.74    $ (0.86 )   $ (1.40 )

Assuming Dilution

   $ 1.91    $ 1.23    $ 1.64    $ (0.86 )   $ (1.40 )

Stockholders’ Equity

   $ 22.28    $ 22.53    $ 24.66    $ 24.36     $ 24.55  

Cash Dividends

   $ 0.30    $ 0.30    $ 0.30    $ 0.30     $ 0.37  

Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding

             

Basic (000s)

     352,969.1      324,654.9      295,776.4      295,224.3       276,132.2  

Assuming Dilution (000s)

     355,776.5      334,361.7      312,512.6      295,224.3       276,132.2  

 

(1) Included are regulatory claim reassessment charges of $65.8 million, $396.4 million, $52.7 million, and $84.5 million in 2007, 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively; reserve strengthening of $110.6 million in 2004 related to the restructuring of the individual disability – closed block; and reserve strengthening of $894.0 million in 2003 for Unum US group disability.

 

(2) Included are costs related to early retirement of debt of $58.8 million and $25.8 million in 2007 and 2006, respectively.

 

(3) Includes the net increase in deferred acquisition costs, compensation expense, and other expenses. Included in these expenses are regulatory claim reassessment charges (credits) and broker compensation settlement expenses of $(12.8) million, $33.5 million, $22.3 million, and $42.5 million in 2007, 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively, and, in 2004, charges related to the impairment of the individual disability – closed block deferred acquisition costs, value of business acquired, and goodwill balances of $282.2 million, $367.1 million, and $207.1 million, respectively.

 

(4) Amounts reported for 2006 and 2005 include income tax benefits of $91.9 million primarily as the result of group relief benefits obtained from the use of net operating losses in a foreign jurisdiction in which our businesses operate and $42.8 million related to the reduction of income tax liabilities, respectively.

 

(5) Amounts reported for 2004 and 2003 include after-tax losses of $71.3 million and $196.9 million, respectively, from the Canadian branch sale and write-downs.

 

(6) Adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133 Implementation Issue B36, Embedded Derivatives: Modified Coinsurance Arrangements and Debt Instruments That Incorporate Credit Risk Exposure That Are Unrelated or Only Partially Related to the Creditworthiness of the Obligor Under Those Instruments, in 2003.

 

(7) Excludes cumulative effect of accounting principle change.

 

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The discussion and analysis presented in this section should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in Item 8.

Executive Summary

We believe that the actions we have taken during the past several years have improved the effectiveness of the basic functions of our businesses, reduced our business volatility, and led to a greater consistency in the execution of our business plan. Our goal is to build further momentum by focusing on our strengths and serving our customers well.

Our four primary objectives for 2007 were as follows:

 

   

Continue to improve the profitability of our Unum US group disability line of business;

 

   

Ensure that all of our other product lines and businesses that are performing well continue to do so;

 

   

Continue to execute our capital management strategy; and

 

   

Successful completion of the claim reassessment process in preparation for the regulatory final examination.

In commenting on our results for 2007, we will discuss three major topics: operating performance of our three major business segments, our capital management strategy, and our outstanding legal and regulatory issues.

Operating Performance of our Major Business Segments

Our primary focus for Unum US during 2007 was continued improvement of our claims management performance in our group disability line of business, and we are pleased with the progress made during the year. We finished 2007 with a group disability benefit ratio of 91.5 percent for the fourth quarter of 2007, consistent with the goals we established for improved claim operational effectiveness. Our 2007 priorities also included improved profitability in certain of our supplemental products and the maintenance of current performance levels in our other lines, and our operating results generally reflect achievement of these priorities. Compared to the prior year, operating income during 2007 improved 22.0 percent in our group life and accidental death and dismemberment product lines and 11.2 percent in our supplemental and voluntary product lines. Positive trends for our Unum US group lines of business include favorable pricing trends, renewal profit improvement, and the management of case persistency. For all of our Unum US lines of business, we are aggressively managing our operating expenses and are continuing to make improvements in our operating effectiveness. Although sales for Unum US in 2007 were lower than in 2006, sales growth gained momentum during the second half of the year. Throughout the year we maintained our disciplined pricing, and our overall sales mix continues to be generally in line with our target mix. The number of new accounts in the group core market segment, which we define for Unum US as employee groups with less than 2,000 lives, increased over the prior year, which we believe is a clear indication of our strong focus in this segment. During the third quarter of 2007, Unum US introduced Simply Unum, a new product offering and administrative platform designed to better meet the needs of our group core market segment and our voluntary market. The new platform represents substantial changes in existing technologies and workflow processes, from quote and proposal to billing and administration and ultimately to the payment of claims. The initial market rollout was limited to four pilot sales offices, with the full rollout expected to occur during the first and second quarters of 2008.

Our Unum UK segment continues to produce excellent operating results, with an increase in segment operating income of 21.4 percent for 2007, as measured in Unum UK’s local currency, compared to 2006. Sales in Unum UK were consistent with the overall level of 2006 sales as well as sales in the core market segment, which we now define for Unum UK as employee groups with less than 500 lives. During 2007, Unum UK continued to take advantage of the opportunities offered by age equality legislation, with £7.4 million of additional sales during 2007 compared to approximately £11.1 million of those types of sales in 2006. Excluding sales related to the change in age equality legislation, Unum UK achieved underlying sales growth of approximately 5 percent in 2007 as compared to 2006. We are focused on increasing market awareness and demand for disability products in the U.K. market.

 

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Our Colonial Life segment also had excellent operating results for 2007, with an increase in segment operating income of 23.7 percent compared to the prior year. Colonial Life’s sales increased 6.3 percent in 2007 over the prior year. Most notable were sales increases in the public sector market for educators and in the commercial market segment for employee groups with less than 100 lives. The number of new accounts increased over the prior year, although the average new case size was smaller than expected. We are focused on maintaining profitable and sustainable sales growth for this segment. During the latter part of 2007, we introduced a new hospital confinement indemnity insurance plan that gives businesses the opportunity to offer their employees a solution to help fill coverage gaps in their major medical plan and help protect employees against increasing out-of-pocket expenses. We also introduced a group limited benefit plan that provides businesses a product offering for their employees who do not have major medical coverage. After completion of brand research and development in the fourth quarter of 2007, we introduced the new Colonial Life brand in January 2008. The new brand includes an updated logo and tag line and is supported by a national advertising campaign.

Capital Management Strategy

In keeping with our capital planning objectives for 2007, and as a result of the build-up of excess capital from improved operating trends and in anticipation of our closed block of individual disability reserves securitization transaction, we formalized our capital management goals and objectives during the latter part of 2007. Our first priority is to maintain sufficient financial flexibility to support our operations over various economic cycles and to respond to opportunities in the marketplace while positioning our Company for improvements in its credit ratings. We have set in place several financial targets which will guide our capital management decisions including:

 

   

Maintain a risk based capital (RBC) ratio of 300 percent or greater for our traditional U.S. insurance subsidiaries. This is to be measured on a weighted average basis using the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) Company Action Level formula.

 

   

Maintain leverage at approximately 25 percent. Leverage will be measured as debt to total capital, which we define as debt plus stockholders’ equity, excluding the net unrealized gain or loss on securities and the net gain or loss on cash flow hedges. This target level excludes the non-recourse debt and associated capital of Tailwind Holdings, LLC (Tailwind Holdings) and Northwind Holdings, LLC (Northwind Holdings).

 

   

Maintain excess capital at our holding companies sufficient to cover one year of fixed charges (measured as interest expense plus common stock dividends) plus a capital fund which will vary with business and economic conditions.

 

   

Maintain a common stock dividend yield that is near the median of our peer companies.

We consider any capital above that needed to achieve and maintain these metrics to be excess capital available to fund share repurchases, business growth, or acquisitions. Our goal in allocating excess capital is to maximize risk-adjusted shareholder returns over a three to five year time period, with share repurchase used as the benchmark for evaluating uses for excess capital.

Capital transactions during 2007 included the following:

 

   

In February, we purchased and retired $150.0 million of our adjustable conversion-rate equity security units.

 

   

On October 31, 2007, we announced the completion of a securitization of our closed block of individual disability reserves through the issuance of $800.0 million floating rate, insured, senior, secured notes by our wholly-owned subsidiary Northwind Holdings. The transaction also included the intercompany reinsurance of $11.1 billion of statutory reserves, representing approximately 95 percent of our Individual Disability – Closed Block segment, to Northwind Reinsurance Company (Northwind Re), a newly formed special purpose financial captive insurance company domiciled in Vermont and owned by Northwind Holdings. With the risk transfer to Northwind Re, our traditional U.S. insurance subsidiaries were able to release excess statutory capital previously supporting this reinsured closed block business. The excess capital was transferred to Unum Group from the ceding companies through extraordinary dividends. This capital structure allows us to continue to fully support the risk profile of this closed block of business while we redeploy excess capital to other uses.

 

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During December, we closed our October 31, 2007, announced tender offer and successfully retired $400.0 million of outstanding debt. We also called and retired all $150.0 million principal amount of our outstanding 7.25% notes scheduled to mature in 2032.

 

   

Also during 2007, we made principal payments of $17.5 million on our senior secured non-recourse variable rate notes issued by Tailwind Holdings and purchased and retired $52.0 million aggregate principal amount of other outstanding debt.

 

   

During December, we established a $400.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility to provide additional liquidity and financial flexibility for our Company. We intend to use any drawn borrowings from the facility for general corporate purposes. Any actions that we may institute will be consistent with our capital management strategy.

At the end of 2007, all of our financial measurements for capital management compare favorably to our target levels. The combined RBC ratio for our traditional U.S. insurance subsidiaries was above our target level. Our leverage ratio, when calculated excluding the non-recourse debt and associated capital of Tailwind Holdings and Northwind Holdings and also allowing 50 percent equity credit for the adjustable conversion-rate equity security units that were still outstanding at the beginning of the year, was 21.4 percent at the end of 2007, compared to 26.2 percent at the beginning of 2007, subsequent to our cumulative effect adjustment to equity for the adoption of the new accounting policies related to deferred acquisition costs and income taxes. Our leverage ratio, when calculated using consolidated debt to total consolidated capital, was 26.4 percent at the end of 2007, compared to 28.8 percent at the beginning of 2007. In addition, liquidity at our holding companies is greater than one year of fixed charges.

See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” contained herein for further detail.

Outstanding Legal and Regulatory Issues

During 2007, we continued to make progress in resolving our outstanding legal and regulatory issues, most notably the completion of the claim reassessment process required by the 2004 and 2005 regulatory settlement agreements. The lead regulators began the examinations of our claims handling practices and the reassessment process in June 2007 and on February 20, 2008, met with members of our board of directors and management to report the results and to advise that no fines will be assessed. The final report for the examinations under the regulatory settlement agreements is expected to be completed by mid-2008.

Other progress on legal and regulatory issues during 2007 includes the following:

 

   

We received two favorable rulings dismissing, with prejudice, both the antitrust and RICO causes of action in the case entitled In re Insurance Brokerage Antitrust Litigation. Additionally, in January 2008 the defendants’ motion for summary judgment on all ERISA claims was granted. Discovery in the case remains stayed while the court considers the proper procedure for handling of the remaining state law claims and plaintiffs pursue their appeal.

 

   

We executed a settlement agreement resolving the plan beneficiary class action, or 401(k) case, which is one of the multidistrict litigation matters discussed in our litigation footnote. The settlement agreement was finalized and approved by the court in the fourth quarter of 2007. The entire cost of the settlement was covered by insurance proceeds. In addition, we executed an agreement, subject to court approval, to settle all claims in the case entitled In re UnumProvident Corp. Securities Litigation. The amount of the settlement was $40.0 million, of which $28.4 million was covered by insurance proceeds. The net expense of $11.6 million was included in our second quarter of 2007 operating results.

 

   

We resolved the putative derivative action in Leonard v. UnumProvident Corporation, et. al. which asserted claims against us and various members of our board of directors. The settlement, the terms of which were not material to us, was approved by the court and the case was dismissed with prejudice during the third quarter of 2007.

 

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Focus for 2008

During 2008, we intend to continue our focus on a number of key areas. Objectives for 2008 include:

 

   

Consistent execution. We will continue our emphasis on disciplined, profitable growth and strive to better leverage our leadership position.

 

   

Continued innovation throughout our businesses. Within Unum US, we plan to more broadly launch Simply Unum in the small to mid sized employer marketplace. We also plan to capitalize on the introduction of a number of health related products for Colonial, as well as the launch of a pilot voluntary benefits program in our Unum UK business.

 

   

Capitalizing on our strong brands and marketplace reputation. We will seek to build on the momentum of 2007 with increased brand and product awareness.

 

   

Execution of our strategic and capital initiatives. We formalized our capital management strategy during 2007 and established several financial targets which will guide our capital management decisions during 2008 and beyond.

 

   

Continued resolution of outstanding legal and regulatory issues. We completed our claim reassessment process during 2007, and we expect to resolve additional issues during 2008.

 

   

Professional development of our employees. We have an increased focus on training and development as well as talent management and building bench strength throughout our Company.

While we are confident in our business outlook, recent market and economic trends indicate the potential for an economic slowdown. We believe the steps we have previously taken, such as product diversification across sectors and locations; the shift in our business mix; our disciplined underwriting, pricing, claims, and expense management; the positioning of our investment portfolio; and the implementation of a capital management strategy which we believe provides financial flexibility will somewhat mitigate the potential impact of an economic slowdown on our operating results.

2007 Significant Transactions and Events

Revised Claim Reassessment Reserve Estimate

As previously noted, we implemented a claim reassessment process as a result of the settlement agreements we entered into with various state insurance regulators in the fourth quarter of 2004 and the settlement agreement we entered into with the California Department of Insurance (DOI) in the third quarter of 2005. In the second quarter of 2007, we increased our provision for the estimated cost of this claim reassessment process $53.0 million before tax and $34.5 million after tax based on changes in our emerging experience for the number of decisions being overturned and the average cost per reassessed claim.

The revised second quarter of 2007 estimate was based on the cost of approximately 99 percent of the potential inventory of claim reassessment information forms returned to us, with our claim reassessment on approximately 88 percent of the forms completed at that time. At the time of our second quarter of 2007 revision, we had not yet finalized our claim reassessment on the remaining forms but had performed a financial review and included that information in our analysis of emerging experience. Additional information regarding the second quarter revision to our estimate is as follows:

 

  1. For the second quarter of 2007, the overturn rate averaged 48 percent and was 45 percent for the first six months of 2007.

 

  2. The average overturn rate was 40 percent at June 2007 from inception to date, compared to 37 percent at December 2006.

 

  3. The average incurred cost per reassessed claim during the first six months of 2007 was above the assumption we used for our third quarter 2006 revision.

 

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  4. Our assumption concerning the total number of claims projected to be reassessed remained at approximately 23,000, with slightly more claims for group long-term disability and fewer for individual disability.

 

  5. We increased our previous estimate for benefit costs for claims reopened for our Unum US group long-term disability product line $76.5 million. The revision related to the increase during the second quarter of 2007 in the overturn rate and the average cost, as well as a slightly higher number of claims.

 

  6. We decreased our previous estimate for benefit costs for claims reopened for our Individual Disability – Closed Block segment $10.7 million. Although the experience relative to our assumptions for the overturn rate was slightly higher, experience indicated that the total number of claims for this segment would be less than our previous assumptions.

 

  7. We decreased our previous estimate for the additional incremental direct claim reassessment operating expenses $12.8 million due to our projections for an earlier completion of the reassessment process. We released $10.3 million for Unum US group long-term disability and $2.5 million for our Individual Disability – Closed Block segment.

 

  8. These second quarter of 2007 adjustments to our claim reassessment costs decreased 2007 before-tax operating earnings for our Unum US group disability line of business $66.2 million and increased 2007 before-tax operating earnings for our Individual Disability – Closed Block segment $13.2 million.

We have now completed the claims reassessment process, with no further adjustments to our provision for the estimated claim reassessment costs. See “2006 Significant Transactions and Events” and “2005 Significant Transactions and Events” contained herein for further discussion of the claim reassessment process and the settlement agreements.

Financing

The scheduled remarketing of the senior note element of our 2004 adjustable conversion-rate equity units (units) occurred in February 2007, as stipulated by the terms of the original offering, and we reset the interest rate on $300.0 million of senior notes due May 15, 2009 to 5.859%. We purchased $150.0 million of the senior notes in the remarketing which were subsequently retired. In May 2007, we settled the purchase contract element of the 2004 units by issuing 17.7 million shares of common stock. We received proceeds of approximately $300.0 million from the transaction.

In June 2007, we purchased and retired $34.5 million of our 6.85% senior debentures due 2015.

On October 31, 2007, Northwind Holdings, a newly formed Delaware limited liability company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Unum Group, issued $800.0 million of floating rate, insured, senior, secured notes due 2037 in a private offering. The notes bear interest at a floating rate equal to the three month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus 0.78%. Recourse for the payment of principal, interest, and other amounts due on the notes will be dependent principally on the receipt of dividends from Northwind Re, the sole subsidiary of Northwind Holdings. The ability of Northwind Re to pay dividends to Northwind Holdings will depend on its satisfaction of applicable regulatory requirements and on the performance of the business of Paul Revere Life, Provident, and Unum America (collectively, the ceding insurers) reinsured by Northwind Re. None of Unum Group, the ceding insurers, Northwind Re, or any other affiliate of Northwind Holdings is an obligor or guarantor on the notes. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” contained herein in Item 7 and Notes 9 and 16 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 8 for additional information on Northwind Holdings and Northwind Re.

In November 2007, we purchased and retired $17.5 million of our outstanding 6.75% notes scheduled to mature in 2028.

During December 2007, pursuant to a tender offer, we purchased and retired $23.5 million aggregate liquidation amount of the 7.405% junior subordinated debt securities due 2038; $99.9 million aggregate principal amount of the 7.625% notes due 2011; $210.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 7.375% notes due 2032; and $66.1 million

 

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aggregate principal amount of the 6.75% notes due 2028. We also called and retired all $150.0 million principal amount of our outstanding 7.25% notes scheduled to mature in 2032.

Throughout 2007, we made principal payments of $17.5 million on our senior secured non-recourse notes issued by our wholly-owned subsidiary Tailwind Holdings.

The cost related to the early retirement of debt during 2007 decreased our 2007 operating results approximately $58.8 million before tax, or $38.3 million after tax.

In December 2007, we established a $400.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility.

During 2007 our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $700.0 million of Unum Group’s common stock. During January 2008, we repurchased approximately 14.0 million shares for $350.0 million, using an accelerated share repurchase agreement. Under the terms of the repurchase agreement, we may receive, or be required to pay, a price adjustment based on the volume weighted average price of our common stock during the term of the agreement. Any price adjustment payable to us will be settled in shares of our common stock. Any price adjustment we are required to pay will be settled, at our option, in either cash or common stock. We expect the price adjustment to settle on or before the completion of the agreement in May 2008.

See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” contained herein in Item 7 and Note 9 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 8 for additional information.

Dispositions

During the first quarter of 2007, we completed the sale of our wholly-owned subsidiary, GENEX Services, Inc. (GENEX), a leading workers’ compensation and medical cost containment services provider. Our growth strategy is focused on the development of our primary markets, and GENEX’s specialty role in case management and medical cost containment related to the workers’ compensation market was no longer consistent with our overall strategic direction. We recognized an after-tax gain on the transaction of approximately $6.2 million. See Note 2 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained herein in Item 8 for additional information.

Income Tax

The income tax rate in the U.K. will be reduced from 30 percent to 28 percent in April 2008. In accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), we are required to adjust deferred tax assets and liabilities through income on the date of enactment of a rate change, which occurred during the third quarter of 2007. Therefore, we recorded a reduction of $1.7 million to our income tax expense in the third quarter of 2007 to reflect the impact of the rate change on our net deferred tax liability related to our U.K. operations.

Other

During the first quarter of 2008, we established a new non-insurance company, Unum Ireland Limited, which is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Unum Group. The purpose of Unum Ireland Limited is to expand our information technology resource options to ensure that our resource capacity keeps pace with the growing demand for information technology support. We anticipate that this subsidiary, which will be located in Carlow, Ireland, will have approximately 50 full-time employees by the end of 2008.

Accounting Pronouncements

Effective January 1, 2007, we adopted the provisions of Statement of Position 05-1 (SOP 05-1), Accounting by Insurance Enterprises for Deferred Acquisition Costs in Connection With Modifications or Exchanges of Insurance Contracts. SOP 05-1 provides guidance on accounting by insurance enterprises for deferred acquisition costs (DAC) on internal replacements of insurance and investment contracts other than those specifically described in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 97, Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain Long-Duration Contracts and for Realized Gains and Losses from the Sale of Investments. The cumulative

 

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effect of applying the provisions of SOP 05-1 decreased our 2007 opening balance of retained earnings $445.2 million.

Effective January 1, 2007, we adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109 (SFAS 109). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with SFAS 109. Unlike SFAS 109, FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Additionally, FIN 48 provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. The cumulative effect of applying the provisions of FIN 48 increased our 2007 opening balance of retained earnings $22.7 million.

Effective January 1, 2007, we adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 155 (SFAS 155), Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments, an amendment of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Nos. 133 (SFAS 133) and 140 (SFAS 140). SFAS 155: (a) permits fair value remeasurement for any hybrid financial instrument that contains an embedded derivative that otherwise would require bifurcation; (b) clarifies which interest-only strips and principal-only strips are not subject to the requirements of SFAS 133; (c) establishes a requirement to evaluate beneficial interests in securitized financial assets to identify interests that are freestanding derivatives or that are hybrid financial instruments that contain an embedded derivative requiring bifurcation; (d) clarifies that concentrations of credit risk in the form of subordination are not embedded derivatives; and, (e) eliminates restrictions on a qualifying special-purpose entity’s ability to hold passive derivative financial instruments that pertain to beneficial interests that are or contain a derivative financial instrument. The adoption of SFAS 155 did not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.

Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157 (SFAS 157), Fair Value Measurements, was issued in September 2006. SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. We will adopt the provisions of SFAS 157 effective January 1, 2008. The adoption of SFAS 157 will not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.

2006 Significant Transactions and Events

Revised Claim Reassessment Reserve Estimate

In the first quarter of 2006, we completed an analysis of our assumptions related to the reserves we established for our claim reassessment process. Our analysis was based on preliminary data as of the end of the first quarter of 2006, when actual results to date were considered credible enough to enable us to update our initial expectations of costs related to the reassessment process. We concluded that a change in our initial assumptions, primarily related to the number of claimants for whom payments will continue because the claimant remains eligible for disability payments, was warranted. We based our conclusion and our revised estimate on the information that existed at that time, which was the actual cost related to approximately 20 percent of the projected ultimate total number of claims expected to be reassessed. The characteristics, profile, and cost of those initial 20 percent of claims were more statistically credible than the information on which we based the initial charges in 2004 and 2005. Based on our analysis, in the first quarter of 2006 we recorded a charge of $86.0 million before tax, or $55.9 million after tax, to reflect our then current estimate of future obligations for benefit costs for claims reopened in the reassessment. The first quarter charge decreased 2006 before-tax operating results for our Unum US group disability line of business $72.8 million and our Individual Disability – Closed Block segment $13.2 million.

In the third quarter of 2006, we increased our provision for the cost of the reassessment process $325.4 million before tax and $211.5 million after tax based on changes in our emerging experience for the number of decisions being overturned by the reassessment process and the average cost per reassessed claim. The revised third quarter estimate was based on the cost of approximately 55 percent of the projected ultimate total number of claims expected to be reassessed. The third quarter charge was comprised of $310.4 million to reflect our revised estimate of future obligations for benefit costs for claims reopened in the reassessment and $15.0 million for additional incremental direct claim reassessment operating expenses because of the additional time then estimated to complete the process. Our best estimate of $310.4 million for the reopened claims assumed that the nature and characteristics of the approximately 45 percent remaining claims estimated to be reassessed at that time would be similar to the

 

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average profile of the 55 percent already reviewed at that time. The third quarter charge decreased before-tax operating results for our Unum US group disability line of business $291.4 million and our Individual Disability – Closed Block segment $34.0 million.

Regulatory Investigations

Beginning in 2004, several of our insurance subsidiaries’ insurance regulators requested information relating to the subsidiaries’ policies and practices on one or more aspects of broker compensation, quoting insurance business, and related matters. Additionally, we responded to investigations about certain of these same matters by state attorneys general and the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). Following highly publicized litigation involving the alleged practices of a major insurance broker, the NAIC has undertaken to provide a uniform Compensation Disclosure Amendment to the Producer Licensing Model Act that can be adopted by states in an effort to provide uniform guidance to insurers, brokers, and customers relating to disclosure of broker compensation. We expect there to be continued uncertainty surrounding this matter until clearer regulatory guidelines are established.

In June 2004, we received a subpoena from the NYAG requesting documents and information relating to compensation arrangements between insurance brokers or intermediaries and us and our subsidiaries. In November 2006 we entered into a settlement agreement on broker compensation with the NYAG in the form of an assurance of discontinuance that provided for a national restitution fund of $15.5 million and a fine of $1.9 million. We expect that the restitution fund will be fully distributed by December 2008.

We support the full disclosure of compensation paid to both brokers and agents and have implemented policies to facilitate customers obtaining information regarding broker compensation from their brokers. Additionally, we provide appropriate notices to customers stating our policy surrounding disclosure and provide information on our Company website about our broker compensation programs. Under these policies, any customer who wants specific broker compensation related information can obtain this information by contacting our Broker Compensation Services at a toll-free number. Other changes implemented during 2006 included requiring customer approval of compensation paid by us to the broker when the customer is also paying a fee to the broker and strengthening certain policies and procedures associated with new business and quoting activities.

Financing

The scheduled remarketing of the senior note element of our 2003 units occurred in February 2006, as stipulated by the terms of the original offering, and we reset the interest rate on $575.0 million of senior notes due May 15, 2008 to 5.997%. We purchased $400.0 million of the senior notes in the remarketing which were subsequently retired. In May 2006, we settled the purchase contract element of the units by issuing 43.3 million shares of common stock. We received proceeds of approximately $575.0 million from the transaction.

In the second quarter of 2006, we purchased and retired $50.0 million aggregate liquidation amount of our outstanding 7.405% junior subordinated debt securities due 2038 and $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of our outstanding 7.625% notes due 2011. In the fourth quarter of 2006, we purchased $32.0 million aggregate principal amount of our outstanding 6.850% notes due 2015.

The cost related to the early retirement of debt decreased our 2006 annual income approximately $25.8 million before tax, or $16.9 million after tax.

In November 2006, Tailwind Holdings, a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Unum Group, issued $130.0 million of floating rate, insured, senior, secured notes in a private offering. The payment of principal, interest, and other amounts due on the notes will be dependent principally on the receipt of dividends from Tailwind Reinsurance Company (Tailwind Re), the sole subsidiary of Tailwind Holdings. The ability of Tailwind Re to pay dividends to Tailwind Holdings will depend on its satisfaction of applicable regulatory requirements and on the performance of the reinsured claims of Unum America reinsured by Tailwind Re. None of Unum Group, Unum America, Tailwind Re, or any other affiliate of Tailwind Holdings is an obligor or guarantor on the notes. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” contained herein in Item 7 and Notes 9 and 16 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 8 for additional information on Tailwind Holdings and Tailwind Re.

 

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Income Tax

Included in 2006 operating results is income of $2.6 million before tax and approximately $3.9 million after tax attributable to the receipt of interest and tax refunds on prior year tax items in excess of what was previously provided.

Additionally, in 2006 we recognized an income tax benefit of approximately $91.9 million as the result of the reversal of tax liabilities related primarily to group relief benefits recognized from the use of net operating losses in a foreign jurisdiction in which our businesses operate.

Accounting Pronouncements

Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004) (SFAS 123(R)), Share-Based Payment, which is a revision to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (SFAS 123), Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. SFAS 123(R) focuses primarily on accounting for transactions in which an entity obtains employee service in exchange for share-based payments. Under SFAS 123(R), share-based awards that do not require future service (i.e., vesting awards) are expensed immediately. Share-based employee awards that require future service are amortized over the relevant service period. We adopted SFAS 123(R) using the modified prospective transition method. Under this method, the provisions are generally applied only to share-based awards granted after adoption. The adoption of SFAS 123(R) did not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations. Additional information concerning the adoption of SFAS 123(R) can be found in Notes 1 and 12 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 8.

Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Staff Position No. FAS 115-1 (FSP 115-1), The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments, which addresses the determination of when an investment is considered impaired, whether the impairment is other than temporary, and the measurement of an impairment loss. FSP 115-1 also includes accounting considerations subsequent to the recognition of other-than-temporary impairment and requires certain disclosures about unrealized losses. The adoption of FSP 115-1 did not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.

Effective December 31, 2006, we adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158 (SFAS 158), Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R). SFAS 158 requires an employer to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans as an asset or liability in its balance sheet and to recognize changes in that funded status through comprehensive income. Also, under SFAS 158, defined benefit pension and other postretirement plan assets and obligations are to be measured as of the date of the employer’s fiscal year-end. The adoption of SFAS 158, which resulted in an $84.1 million decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity, had no effect on our results of operations.

2005 Significant Transactions and Events

California Settlement Agreement and Amendment of the Multistate Market Conduct Examination Settlement Agreements

In October 2005, certain of our insurance subsidiaries entered into a settlement agreement with the California DOI in connection with a market conduct examination and investigation of the subsidiaries’ disability claims handling practices. The California DOI had chosen not to join the fourth quarter of 2004 multistate settlement agreements our insurance subsidiaries entered into with state insurance regulators of 48 states upon conclusion of a multistate market conduct examination. The 2004 multistate examination resulted in a report and regulatory settlement agreements that became effective on December 21, 2004.

As part of the settlement with the California DOI, we paid a civil penalty of $8.0 million and agreed to change certain practices and policy provisions related to our California business. The settlement also incorporated claims handling practices previously covered by the multistate settlement agreements and included certain additional claims handling changes. Under the terms of the settlement, we changed certain provisions specific to California disability

 

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policies. Additionally as part of the settlement, we received approval from the California DOI for the use of new individual and group disability policy forms, which became available for sale on November 1, 2005.

The California settlement also incorporated the claim reassessment process contained in the 2004 multistate settlement agreements. California claimants were included in the 2004 multistate settlement agreements and could have chosen to participate in that claim reassessment process even though California did not join the multistate settlement agreements. Under the California agreement, reassessment notices were mailed to approximately 26,000 individuals whose claims were denied or terminated between January 1, 1997, and September 30, 2005. Many of these individuals had already received reassessment notices under the multistate settlement agreements. Additionally, as part of the California agreement, an individual whose claim denial or termination was upheld by our reassessment unit could request an independent review by a member of a panel established for that purpose.

We amended the multistate settlement agreements to include mailing a notice of eligibility to participate in the claim reassessment process to approximately 29,500 individuals whose claims were denied or terminated between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 1999. Under the original multistate settlement agreements, claimants during this period could request participation in the reassessment process, but they were not sent a notice. Those claimants who were eligible to participate but did not receive notice pursuant to the amendment remained eligible to request participation until June 30, 2006.

Separately, we offered to reassess private label, acquired, and reinsured block claims, as well as claims administered on behalf of certain employers from January 1, 1997, through January 18, 2005 (and through September 30, 2005 for California residents). These approximately 24,000 claims were not included in the 2004 multistate settlement agreements, but the offer to reassess generally followed the reassessment procedures contained in those agreements.

Based on the settlement agreement and related matters as they existed at that time period, in the third quarter of 2005 we recorded a charge of $75.0 million before tax, or $51.6 million after tax, comprised of four elements: $14.3 million of incremental direct operating expenses to conduct the reassessment process; $37.3 million for benefit costs and reserves from claims reopened from the reassessment; $15.4 million for additional benefit costs and reserves for claims already incurred and currently in inventory that were anticipated as a result of the claim process changes being implemented; and the $8.0 million civil penalty. The charge decreased before-tax operating results for the Unum US segment group disability line of business and supplemental and voluntary lines of business $37.4 million and $3.3 million, respectively, and the Individual Disability – Closed Block segment $34.3 million. The ongoing costs of changes in the claims handling process and governance improvements have subsequently been included in our operating expenses as incurred. See preceding “2007 Significant Transactions and Events” and “2006 Significant Transactions and Events” for a discussion of subsequent revisions to our initial claim reassessment cost estimates.

Acquisitions and Dispositions

During 2005, GENEX acquired Independent Review Services, Inc., a provider of medical diagnostic networks and independent medical examinations, at a price of $3.5 million.

During 2005, Unum UK completed the sale of its Netherlands branch. The gain on the sale was approximately $4.0 million after tax.

During 2005, we disposed of our remaining 40 percent ownership position in our Argentinean operation and recognized an after tax gain of approximately $0.4 million.

Income Tax

Under the Life Insurance Company Tax Act of 1959, U.S. stock life insurance companies were required to maintain a policyholders’ surplus account containing the accumulated portion of income which had not been subjected to income tax in the year earned. The Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 required that no future amounts be added after 1983 to the policyholders’ surplus account and that any future distributions to shareholders from the account would become subject to federal income tax at the general corporate federal income tax rate then in effect. During 2004,

 

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the Homeland Investment Act of 2004 was enacted. The Homeland Investment Act of 2004 provided, in part, that distributions from policyholders’ surplus accounts during 2005 and 2006 would not be taxed.

The amount of the policyholders’ surplus accounts of our U.S. insurance subsidiaries at December 31, 2004, was approximately $228.8 million. Distributions made during 2005 by these life insurance subsidiaries, including dividend distributions, were deemed to occur first from the policyholders’ surplus accounts. As a result, our U.S. life insurance subsidiaries distributed as dividends the remaining balance of their policyholders’ surplus accounts to the holding company during 2005. This resulted in the elimination of a future potential tax of approximately $80.1 million which had not previously been provided for in current or deferred taxes because management considered the conditions under which such a tax would be paid to be remote. This will also allow us to engage in transactions in the future without concern for triggering a tax liability related to distributions from the policyholders’ surplus accounts.

In April 2005, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) completed its examination of tax years 1999 through 2001 and issued its revenue agent’s report (RAR). Income tax liabilities of approximately $32.0 million that related primarily to interest on the timing of expense deductions were released in the first quarter of 2005, all of which was reflected as a reduction to income tax expense. In the fourth quarter of 2005, we paid the IRS proposed adjustments for its 1999 through 2001 tax years and subsequently filed claims for refund on disputed issues.

In the third quarter of 2005, we recognized an income tax benefit of approximately $10.8 million related to the finalization of income tax reviews of our U.K. subsidiaries.

During the fourth quarter of 2005, we repatriated $454.8 million in unremitted foreign earnings from our U.K. subsidiaries under the Homeland Investment Act of 2004. In connection with the repatriation, we recorded current taxes payable on such previously unremitted foreign earnings of approximately $15.3 million and recorded a tax benefit of approximately $18.6 million as a result of the reversal of the deferred tax liability related to unremitted earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, both of which were included in the results reported for 2005.

Financing

During 2005, we repaid $227.0 million of maturing debt. In conjunction with the repatriation, in November 2005, we completed a long-term debt offering, issuing $400.0 million of 6.85% senior notes due November 15, 2015.

Closed Block Reinsurance Recapture from Centre Life Reinsurance Ltd.

During 2005, we recaptured a closed block of individual disability business that included approximately $1.6 billion in invested assets and $185.0 million of annual premium. The effective date of the recapture was August 8, 2005.

Prior to recapture, the reinsurance contract had an embedded derivative that required the bifurcation of the derivative from the basic reinsurance contract. The fair value attributed to the embedded derivative was reported in fixed maturity securities, and the change in the fair value of this embedded derivative was reported as a realized investment gain or loss during the period of change. At the date of recapture, the embedded derivative was terminated, and the time value component of this derivative was recognized as a realized investment loss of $9.4 million before tax.

The underlying operating results of the reinsurance contract, prior to recapture, were reflected in other income. The recapture therefore did not have a material impact on operating income for the Individual Disability – Closed Block segment.

On a statutory basis of reporting, the recapture increased statutory surplus $57.5 million in Unum America. The recapture did not have a material impact on our targeted RBC objectives for our U.S. insurance subsidiaries.

 

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Critical Accounting Estimates

We prepare our financial statements in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. The accounting estimates we deem to be most critical to our results of operations and balance sheets are those related to reserves for policy and contract benefits, deferred acquisition costs, investments, and income taxes. Estimates and assumptions could change in the future as more information becomes known, which could impact the amounts reported and disclosed in our financial statements.

For additional information, refer to our significant accounting policies in Note 1 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Part II, Item 8.

Reserves for Policy and Contract Benefits

Our largest liabilities are reserves for claims that we estimate we will eventually pay to our policyholders. The two primary categories of reserves are policy reserves for claims not yet incurred and claim reserves for claims that have been incurred or are estimated to have been incurred but not yet reported to us. These reserves equaled $36.9 billion at December 31, 2007 and 2006, or approximately 80 percent of our total liabilities. Reserves ceded to reinsurers were $6.6 billion and $7.6 billion at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and are reported as a reinsurance recoverable in our consolidated balance sheets.

Policy Reserves

Policy reserves are established in the same period we issue a policy and equal the difference between projected future policy benefits and future premiums, allowing a margin for expenses and profit. These reserves relate primarily to our traditional non interest-sensitive products, including our individual disability, individual and group long-term care, and voluntary benefits products in our Unum US segment; individual disability products in our Unum UK segment; disability and cancer and critical illness policies in our Colonial Life segment; and, the Individual Disability – Closed Block segment products. The reserves are calculated based on assumptions that were appropriate at the date the policy was issued and are not subsequently modified unless the policy reserves become inadequate (i.e., loss recognition occurs).

 

   

Persistency assumptions are based on our actual historical experience adjusted for future expectations.

 

   

Claim incidence and claim resolution rate assumptions related to mortality and morbidity are based on actual experience or industry standards adjusted as appropriate to reflect our actual experience and future expectations.

 

   

Discount rate assumptions are based on our current and expected net investment returns.

In establishing policy reserves, we use assumptions that reflect our best estimate while considering the potential for adverse variances in actual future experience, which results in a total policy reserve balance that has an embedded reserve for adverse deviation. We do not, however, establish an explicit and separate reserve as a provision for adverse deviation from our assumptions.

We perform loss recognition tests on our policy reserves annually, or more frequently if appropriate, using best estimate assumptions as of the date of the test, without a provision for adverse deviation. We group the policy reserves for each major product line within a segment when we perform the loss recognition tests. If the policy reserves determined using these best estimate assumptions are higher than our existing policy reserves net of any deferred acquisition cost balance, the existing policy reserves are increased or deferred acquisition costs are reduced to immediately recognize the deficiency. Thereafter, the policy reserves for the product line are calculated using the same method we used for the loss recognition testing, referred to as the gross premium valuation method, wherein we use our best estimate as of the gross premium valuation (loss recognition) date rather than the initial policy issue date to determine the expected future claims, commissions, and expenses we will pay and the expected future gross premiums we will receive.

We maintain policy reserves for a policy for as long as the policy remains in force, even after a separate claim reserve is established.

 

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Policy reserves for Unum US, Unum UK, and Colonial Life products, which at December 31, 2007 represented approximately 31.8 percent, 0.2 percent, and 9.0 percent, respectively, of our total gross policy reserves, are determined using the net level premium method as prescribed by GAAP. In applying this method, we use, as applicable by product type, morbidity and mortality incidence rate assumptions, claim resolution rate assumptions, and policy persistency assumptions, among others, to determine our expected future claim payments and expected future premium income. We then apply an interest, or discount, rate to determine the present value of the expected future claims, commissions, and expenses we will pay and the expected future premiums we will receive, with a provision for profit allowed.

Policy reserves for our Individual Disability – Closed Block segment, which at December 31, 2007, represented approximately 13.6 percent of our total gross policy reserves, are determined using the gross premium valuation method based on assumptions established as of January 1, 2004, the date of loss recognition. Key assumptions are policy persistency, claim incidence, claim resolution rates, commission rates, and maintenance expense rates. We then apply an interest, or discount, rate to determine the present value of the expected future claims, commissions, and expenses we will pay as well as the expected future premiums we will receive. There is no provision for profit. The interest rate is based on our expected net investment returns on the investment portfolio supporting the reserves for this segment. Under the gross premium valuation method, we do not include an embedded provision for the risk of adverse deviation from these assumptions. Gross premium valuation assumptions do not change after the date of loss recognition unless reserves are again determined to be deficient. We perform loss recognition tests on the policy reserves for this block of business quarterly.

The Other segment includes products no longer actively marketed, the majority of which have been reinsured. Policy reserves for this segment represent $5.5 billion on a gross basis, or approximately 45.4 percent, of our total policy reserves. We have ceded $3.9 billion of the related policy reserves to reinsurers. The ceded reserve balance is reported in our consolidated balance sheets as a reinsurance recoverable. We continue to service a block of group pension products, which we have not ceded, and the policy reserves for these products are based on expected mortality rates and retirement rates. Expected future payments are discounted at interest rates reflecting the anticipated investment returns for the assets supporting the liabilities.

Claim Reserves

Claim reserves are established when a claim is incurred or is estimated to have been incurred but not yet reported (IBNR) to us and, as prescribed by GAAP, equals our long-term best estimate of the present value of the liability for future claim payments and claim adjustment expenses. A claim reserve is based on actual known facts regarding the claim, such as the benefits available under the applicable policy, the covered benefit period, and the age and occupation of the claimant, as well as assumptions derived from our actual historical experience and expected future changes in experience for factors such as the claim duration and discount rate. Reserves for IBNR claims, similar to incurred claim reserves, include our assumptions for claim duration and discount rates but because we do not yet know the facts regarding the specific claims, are also based on historical incidence rate assumptions, including claim reporting patterns, the average cost of claims, and the expected volumes of incurred claims. Our incurred claim reserves and IBNR claim reserves do not include any provision for the risk of adverse deviation from our assumptions.

Claim reserves, unlike policy reserves, are subject to revision as current claim experience and projections of future factors affecting claim experience change. Each quarter we review our emerging experience to ensure that our claim reserves are appropriate. If we believe, based on our actual experience and our view of future events, that our long-term assumptions need to be modified, we adjust our reserves accordingly with a charge or credit to our current period income.

Multiple estimation methods exist to establish claim reserve liabilities, with each method having its own advantages and disadvantages. Available reserving methods utilized to calculate claim reserves include the tabular reserve method, the paid development method, the incurred loss development method, the count and severity method, and the expected claim cost method. No singular method is better than the others in all situations and for all product lines. The estimation methods we have chosen are those that we believe produce the most reliable reserves at that time.

 

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Claim reserves supporting our Unum US group and individual disability and group and individual long-term care lines of business and our Individual Disability – Closed Block segment represent approximately 38.5 percent and 42.0 percent, respectively, of our total claim reserves at December 31, 2007. We use a tabular reserve methodology for group and individual long-term disability and group and individual long-term care claims that have been reported. Under the tabular reserve methodology, reserves for reported claims are based on certain characteristics of the actual reported claimants, such as age, length of time disabled, and medical diagnosis. We believe the tabular reserve method is the most accurate to calculate long-term liabilities and allows us to use the most available known facts about each claim. IBNR claim reserves for our long-term products are calculated using the count and severity method using historical patterns of the claims to be reported and the associated claim costs. For group short-term disability products, an estimate of the value of future payments to be made on claims already submitted, as well as IBNR claims, is determined in aggregate rather than on the individual claimant basis that we use for our long-term products, using historical patterns of claim incidence as well as historical patterns of aggregate claim resolution rates. The average length of time between the event triggering a claim under a policy and the final resolution of those claims is much shorter for these products than for our long-term liabilities and results in less estimation variability.

Claim reserves supporting the Unum US group life and accidental death and dismemberment products represent approximately 3.8 percent of our total claim reserves at December 31, 2007. Claim reserves for these products are related primarily to death claims reported but not yet paid, IBNR death claims, and a liability for waiver of premium benefits. The death claim reserve is based on the actual face amount to be paid, the IBNR reserve is calculated using the count and severity method, and the waiver of premium benefits reserve is calculated using the tabular reserve methodology.

Claim reserves supporting our Unum UK segment represent approximately 10.8 percent of our total claim reserves at December 31, 2007, and are calculated using generally the same methodology that we use for Unum US disability and group life reserves. The persistency rates we assume in calculating claim reserves for this line of business are based on standard United Kingdom industry experience, adjusted for Unum UK’s own experience.

The majority of the Colonial Life segment lines of business have short-term benefits, which have less estimation variability than our long-term products because of the shorter claim payout period. Our claim reserves for Colonial Life’s lines of business, which approximate 1.4 percent of our total claim reserves at December 31, 2007, are predominantly determined using the incurred loss development method based on our own experience. The incurred loss development method uses the historical patterns of payments by loss date to predict future claim payments for each loss date. Where the incurred loss development method may not be appropriate, we estimate the incurred claims using an expected claim cost per policy or other measure of exposure. The key assumptions for claim reserves for the Colonial Life lines of business are: 1) the timing, rate, and amount of estimated future claim payments; and 2) the estimated expenses associated with the payment of claims.

The following table displays policy reserves, incurred claim reserves, and IBNR claim reserves by major product line, with the summation of the policy reserves and claim reserves shown both gross and net of the associated reinsurance recoverable. Incurred claim reserves represent reserves determined for each incurred claim and also include estimated amounts for litigation expenses and other expenses associated with the payment of the claims as well as provisions for claims which we estimate will be reopened for our long-term care products. IBNR claim reserves include provisions for incurred but not reported claims and a provision for reopened claims for our disability products. The IBNR and reopen claim reserves for our disability products are developed and maintained in aggregate based on historical monitoring that has only been on a combined basis.

 

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(in millions of dollars)  
     December 31, 2007  
     Gross            
     Policy
Reserves
   %     Claim Reserves    %     Total (1)    Total
Reinsurance
Ceded
   Total
Net
 
          Incurred    IBNR           

Group Disability

   $ —      —   %   $ 7,770.4    $ 596.9    33.8 %   $ 8,367.3    $ 92.9    $ 8,274.4  

Group Life and Accidental Death & Dismemberment

     73.9    0.6       772.4      178.5    3.8       1,024.8      3.4      1,021.4  

Individual Disability—Recently Issued

     458.4    3.8       822.4      72.5    3.6       1,353.3      79.4      1,273.9  

Long-term Care

     2,478.2    20.4       244.3      32.6    1.1       2,755.1      52.6      2,702.5  

Voluntary Benefits

     853.1    7.0       19.1      35.0    0.2       907.2      14.6      892.6  
                                                       

Unum US Segment

     3,863.6    31.8       9,628.6      915.5    42.5       14,407.7      242.9      14,164.8  

Unum UK Segment

     30.7    0.2       2,420.4      268.8    10.8       2,719.9      149.3      2,570.6  

Colonial Life Segment

     1,091.7    9.0       239.9      104.1    1.4       1,435.7      33.4      1,402.3  

Individual Disability—Closed Block Segment

     1,657.2    13.6       10,013.8      391.7    42.0       12,062.7      1,374.4      10,688.3  

Other Segment

     5,515.2    45.4       518.3      288.9    3.3       6,322.4      4,770.8      1,551.6  
                                                       

Subtotal, Excl. Unrealized Adj.

   $ 12,158.4    100.0 %   $ 22,821.0    $ 1,969.0    100.0 %   $ 36,948.4    $ 6,570.8      30,377.6  
                                                 

Adjustment to Reserves for Unrealized Investment Gains

                        859.3 (1)
                           

Consolidated

                      $ 31,236.9  
                           

 

     December 31, 2006  
     Gross            
     Policy
Reserves
   %     Claim Reserves    %     Total (1)    Total
Reinsurance
Ceded
   Total
Net
 
          Incurred    IBNR           

Group Disability

   $ —      —   %   $ 7,563.0    $ 790.3    34.3 %   $ 8,353.3    $ 101.5    $ 8,251.8  

Group Life and Accidental Death & Dismemberment

                     
     63.1    0.5       736.5      202.2    3.9       1,001.8      2.7      999.1  

Individual Disability—Recently Issued

     431.8    3.4       718.9      71.5    3.3       1,222.2      76.7      1,145.5  

Long-term Care

     2,067.2    16.4       195.0      31.6    0.9       2,293.8      57.1      2,236.7  

Voluntary Benefits

     787.9    6.2       22.3      36.3    0.2       846.5      13.3      833.2  
                                                       

Unum US Segment

     3,350.0    26.5       9,235.7      1,131.9    42.6       13,717.6      251.3      13,466.3  

Unum UK Segment

     28.9    0.2       2,252.8      286.4    10.4       2,568.1      142.4      2,425.7  

Colonial Life Segment

     1,021.3    8.1       234.5      100.8    1.4       1,356.6      36.7      1,319.9  

Individual Disability—Closed Block Segment

     1,777.8    14.1       9,794.9      443.9    42.1       12,016.6      1,498.7      10,517.9  

Other Segment

     6,444.3    51.1       561.4      282.1    3.5       7,287.8      5,686.4      1,601.4  
                                                       

Subtotal, Excl. Unrealized Adj.

   $ 12,622.3    100.0 %   $ 22,079.3    $ 2,245.1    100.0 %   $ 36,946.7    $ 7,615.5      29,331.2  
                                                 

Adjustment to Reserves for Unrealized Investment Gains

                        963.1 (1)
                           

Consolidated

                      $ 30,294.3  
                           

 

(1) Equals the sum of “Policy and Contract Benefits” and “Reserves for Future Policy and Contract Benefits,” as reported in our consolidated balance sheets.

 

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Key Assumptions

The calculation of policy and claim reserves involves numerous assumptions, but the primary assumptions used to calculate reserves are (1) the discount rate, (2) the claim resolution rate, and (3) the claim incidence rate for policy reserves and IBNR claim reserves. Of these assumptions, our discount rate and claim resolution rate assumptions have historically had the most significant effects on our level of reserves because many of our product lines provide benefit payments over an extended period of time.

 

  1. The discount rate, which is used in calculating both policy reserves and incurred and IBNR claim reserves, is the interest rate that we use to discount future claim payments to determine the present value. A higher discount rate produces a lower reserve. If the discount rate is higher than our future investment returns, our invested assets will not earn enough investment income to support our future claim payments. In this case, the reserves may eventually be insufficient. We set our assumptions based on our current and expected future investment yield of the assets supporting the reserves, considering current and expected future market conditions. If the investment yield on new investments that are purchased is below or above the investment yield of the existing investment portfolio, it is likely that the discount rate assumption on new claims will be established below or above the discount rate assumption on existing claims to reflect the new investment yield.

 

  2. The claim resolution rate, used for both policy reserves and incurred and IBNR claim reserves, is the probability that a disability claim will close due to recovery or death of the insured. It is important because it is used to estimate how long benefits will be paid for a claim. Estimated resolution rates that are set too high will result in reserves that are lower than they need to be to pay the claim benefits over time. Claim resolution assumptions involve many factors, including the cause of disability, the policyholder’s age, the type of contractual benefits provided, and the time since initially becoming disabled. We use our own claim experience to develop our claim resolution assumptions. These assumptions are established separately for the probability of death and the probability of recovery from disability. Our studies review actual claim resolution experience over a number of years, with more weight placed on our experience in the more recent years. We also consider any expected future changes in claim resolution experience.

 

  3. The incidence rate, used for policy reserves and IBNR claim reserves, is the rate at which new claims are submitted to us. The incidence rate is affected by many factors including the age of the insured, the insured’s occupation or industry, the benefit plan design, and certain external factors such as consumer confidence and levels of unemployment. We establish our incidence assumption using a historical review of actual incidence results along with an outlook of future incidence expectations.

Establishing reserve assumptions is complex and involves many factors. Reserves, particularly for policies offering insurance coverage for long-term disabilities, are dependent on numerous assumptions other than just those presented in the preceding discussion. The impact of internal and external events, such as changes in claims management procedures, economic trends such as the rate of unemployment and the level of consumer confidence, the emergence of new diseases, new trends and developments in medical treatments, and legal trends and legislative changes, among other factors, will influence claim incidence and resolution rates. Reserve assumptions differ by product line and by policy type within a product line. Additionally, in any period and over time, our actual experience may have a positive or negative variance from our long-term assumptions, either singularly or collectively, and these variances may offset each other. We test the overall adequacy of our reserves using all assumptions and with a long-term view of our expected experience over the life of a block of business rather than test just one or a few assumptions independently that may be aberrant over a short period of time. Therefore it is not possible to bifurcate the assumptions to evaluate the sensitivity of a change in each assumption, but rather in the aggregate by product line. We have presented in the following section an overview of our trend analysis for key assumptions and the results of variability in our assumptions, in aggregate, for the reserves which we believe are reasonably possible to have a material impact on our future financial results if actual claims yield a materially different amount than what we currently expect and have reserved for, either favorable or unfavorable.

 

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Trends in Key Assumptions

Because our actual experience regarding persistency and claim incidence has varied very little from our policy reserve and IBNR claim reserve assumptions, we have had minimal adjustments to our persistency assumptions and claim incidence assumptions during 2006 and 2007. Generally, we do not expect our mortality and morbidity claim incidence trends or our persistency trends to change significantly in the short-term, and to the extent that these trends do change, we expect those changes to be gradual over a longer period of time. However, we have historically experienced an increase in our group long-term disability morbidity claim incidence trends during and following a recessionary period. Should a recession occur, it is possible that our claim incidence rates for this type of product would increase.

Actual interest rates and the assumptions we use to discount our reserves have generally trended downward for all segments and product lines during 2006 and 2007. Reserve discount rate assumptions for new policies and new claims have been adjusted to reflect our current and expected net investment returns. Changes in our discount rate assumptions tend to occur gradually over a longer period of time because of the long duration investment portfolio needed to support the reserves for the majority of our lines of business.

Both the mortality rate experience and the retirement rate experience for our block of group pension products have remained stable and consistent with expectations.

Claim resolution rates have a greater chance of significant variability in a shorter period of time than our other reserve assumptions. These rates are reviewed on a quarterly basis for the death and recovery components separately. Claim resolution rates in our Unum US segment group and individual long-term disability product lines and our Individual Disability – Closed Block segment have over the last several years exhibited some variability. Relative to the resolution rate we expect to experience over the life of the block of business, actual quarterly rates during the period 2005 through 2007 have varied by +/-3 percent in our Unum US group long-term disability and between +8 and -6 percent in our Unum US individual disability – recently issued line of business and in our Individual Disability – Closed Block segment.

Claim resolution rates are very sensitive to operational and environmental changes and can be volatile over short periods of time. During 2005 and 2006, we experienced quarter to quarter variability in our claim resolution rates. We believe this variability was primarily the result of a short-term reduction in the operating effectiveness of our Unum US and Individual Disability – Closed Block segment claims management performance. During 2007, we gained more stability in our claims management performance, and our claim resolution rates were more consistent with our long-term assumptions. Our claim resolution rate assumption used in determining reserves is our expectation of the resolution rate we will experience over the life of the block of business and will vary from actual experience in any one period, both favorably and unfavorably.

We monitor and test our reserves for adequacy relative to all of our assumptions in the aggregate. In our estimation, scenarios based on reasonably possible variations in each of our reserve assumptions, when modeled together in aggregate, could produce a potential result, either positive or negative, in our Unum US group disability line of business that would change our reserve balance by +/- 2.4 percent. Using our actual claim reserve balance at December 31, 2007, this variation would have resulted in an approximate change (either positive or negative) of $200 million to our claim reserves. Using the same sensitivity analysis approach for our Individual Disability – Closed Block segment, the claim reserve balance could potentially vary by +/-1.9 percent of our reported balance, which at December 31, 2007, would have resulted in an approximate change (either positive or negative) of $200 million to our claim reserves. The major contributor to the variance for both the group long-term disability line of business and the Individual Disability – Closed Block segment is the claim resolution rate. We believe that these ranges provide a reasonable estimate of the possible changes in reserve balances for those product lines where we believe it is possible that variability in the assumptions, in the aggregate, could result in a material impact on our reserve levels, but we record our reserves based on our long-term best estimate. Because these product lines have long-term claim payout periods, there is a greater potential for significant variability in claim costs, either positive or negative.

 

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Deferred Acquisition Costs (DAC)

We defer certain costs incurred in acquiring new business and amortize (expense) these costs over the life of the related policies. Deferred costs include certain commissions, other agency compensation, selection and policy issue expenses, and field expenses. Acquisition costs that do not vary with the production of new business, such as commissions on group products which are generally level throughout the life of the policy, are excluded from deferral.

Over 90 percent of our DAC relates to traditional non interest-sensitive products, and we amortize DAC in proportion to the premium income we expect to receive over the life of the policies in accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 60, Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises. Key assumptions used in developing the future amortization of DAC are future persistency and future premium income. We use our own historical experience and expectation of the future performance of our businesses in determining the expected persistency and premium income. The estimated premium income in the early years of the amortization period is generally higher than in the later years due to higher anticipated policy persistency in the early years, which results in a greater proportion of the costs being amortized in the early years of the life of the policy. During the years 2005 and 2006, our key assumptions used to develop the future amortization did not change materially. We adopted the provisions of SOP 05-1 effective January 1, 2007. The adoption of SOP 05-1 shortened the amortization period of our Unum US and Unum UK group disability, group life, and group accidental death and dismemberment products, as shown below. The amortization periods for the other product lines were not impacted by the adoption of SOP 05-1. Generally, we do not expect our persistency or interest rates to change significantly in the short-term, and to the extent that these trends do change, we expect those changes to be gradual over a longer period of time.

Presented below are our assumptions, both before and after the adoption of SOP 05-1, for the years 2007, 2006, and 2005, regarding the length of our amortization periods and the approximate DAC balance that remains at the end of years 3, 10, and 15, as a percentage of the cost initially deferred.

 

     2007     2006 and 2005  
     Amortization
Period
   Balance Remaining as a %
of Initial Deferral
    Amortization
Period
   Balance Remaining as a %
of Initial Deferral
 
        Year 3     Year 10     Year 15        Year 10     Year 15  

Unum US

                

Group Disability

   6    25 %   0 %   0 %   20    25 %   10 %

Group Life and Accidental
Death & Dismemberment

   6    20 %   0 %   0 %   15    15 %   0 %

Supplemental and Voluntary

                

Individual Disability—

                

Recently Issued

   20    75 %   50 %   25 %   20    50 %   25 %

Long-term Care

   20    80 %   55 %   25 %   20    55 %   25 %

Voluntary Benefits

   15    60 %   15 %   0 %   15    15 %   0 %

Unum UK

                

Group Disability

   6    25 %   0 %   0 %   15    20 %   0 %

Group Life

   6    20 %   0 %   0 %   15    20 %   0 %

Individual Disability

   15    60 %   15 %   0 %   15    15 %   0 %

Colonial Life

   17    60 %   20 %   10 %   17    20 %   10 %

Amortization of DAC on traditional products is adjusted to reflect the actual policy persistency as compared to the anticipated experience, and as a result, the unamortized balance of DAC reflects actual persistency. We may experience accelerated amortization if policies terminate earlier than projected. Because our actual experience regarding persistency and premium income has varied very little from our assumptions during the last three years,

 

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we have had minimal adjustments to our projected amortization of DAC during those years. We measure the recoverability of DAC annually by performing gross premium valuations. Our testing indicates that our DAC is recoverable.

Valuation of Fixed Maturity Securities

In determining when a decline in fair value below amortized cost of a fixed maturity security is other than temporary, we evaluate the following factors:

 

   

The probability of recovering principal and interest.

 

   

Our ability and intent to retain the security for a sufficient period of time for it to recover.

 

   

Whether the security is current as to principal and interest payments.

 

   

The significance of the decline in value.

 

   

The time period during which there has been a significant decline in value.

 

   

Current and future business prospects and trends of earnings.

 

   

The valuation of the security’s underlying collateral.

 

   

Relevant industry conditions and trends relative to their historical cycles.

 

   

Market conditions.

 

   

Rating agency actions.

 

   

Bid and offering prices and the level of trading activity.

 

   

Adverse changes in estimated cash flows for securitized investments.

 

   

Any other key measures for the related security.

Our review procedures include, but are not limited to, monthly meetings of certain members of our senior management personnel to review reports on the entire portfolio, identifying investments with changes in market value of five percent or more, investments with changes in rating either by external rating agencies or internal analysts, investments segmented by issuer, industry, and foreign exposure levels, and any other relevant investment information to help identify our exposure to possible credit losses.

Based on this review of the entire investment portfolio, individual investments may be added to or removed from our “watch list,” which is a list of securities subject to enhanced monitoring and a more intensive review. We also determine if our investment portfolio is overexposed to an issuer that is showing warning signs of deterioration and, if so, we make no further purchases of that issuer’s securities and may seek opportunities to sell securities we hold from that issuer to reduce our exposure. We monitor below-investment-grade securities as to individual exposures and in comparison to the entire portfolio as an additional credit risk management strategy, looking specifically at our exposure to individual securities currently classified as below-investment-grade. In determining current and future business prospects and cash availability, we consider the parental support of an issuer in its analysis but do not rely heavily on this support.

If we determine that the decline in value of an investment is other than temporary, the investment is written down to fair value, and an impairment loss is recognized in the current period to the extent of the decline in value. If the decline is considered temporary, the security continues to be carefully monitored. These controls have been established to identify our exposure to possible credit losses and are intended to give us the ability to respond rapidly.

We have no held-to-maturity fixed maturity securities. All fixed maturity securities are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value. Fair values are based on quoted market prices, where available.

Private placement fixed maturity securities had a fair value of approximately $3.9 billion, or 10.9 percent of total fixed maturity securities, at December 31, 2007. Private placement fixed maturity securities do not have readily determinable market prices. For these securities, we use internally prepared valuations combining matrix pricing with vendor purchased software programs, including valuations based on estimates of future profitability, to estimate the fair value. Additionally, we obtain prices from independent third-party brokers to establish valuations for certain of these securities. Our ability to liquidate our positions in some of these securities could be impacted to a significant degree by the lack of an actively traded market, and we may not be able to dispose of these investments

 

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in a timely manner. Although we believe our estimates reasonably reflect the fair value of those securities, the key assumptions about the risk-free interest rates, risk premiums, performance of underlying collateral (if any), and other factors involve significant assumptions and may not reflect those of an active market. We believe that generally these private placement securities carry an average credit quality comparable to companies rated Baa or BBB by major credit rating organizations.

As of December 31, 2007, the key assumptions used to estimate the fair value of private placement fixed maturity securities included the following:

 

   

Risk free interest rates of 3.44 percent for five-year maturities to 4.45 percent for 30-year maturities were derived from the current yield curve for U.S. Treasury Bonds with similar maturities.

 

   

Current Baa corporate bond spreads ranging from 1.81 percent to 2.15 percent plus an additional 20 basis points were added to the risk free rate to reflect the lack of liquidity.

 

   

An additional five basis points were added to the risk free rates for foreign investments.

 

   

Additional basis points were added as deemed appropriate for certain industries and for individual securities in certain industries that are considered to be of greater risk.

Increasing the 20 basis points added to the risk free rate for lack of liquidity by 1.5 basis points, increasing the five basis points added to the risk free rates for foreign investments by one basis point, and increasing the additional basis points added to each industry considered to be of greater risk by one basis point would have decreased the December 31, 2007 net unrealized gain in the fixed maturity securities portfolio by approximately $1.7 million. Historically, our realized gains or losses on dispositions of private placement fixed maturity securities have not varied significantly from amounts estimated under the valuation methodology described above.

Changes in the fair value of fixed maturity securities, other than declines that are determined to be other than temporary, are reported as a component of other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity. If we subsequently determine that any of these securities are other than temporarily impaired, the impairment loss is reported as a realized investment loss in our consolidated statements of income. The recognition of the impairment loss does not affect total stockholders’ equity to the extent that the decline in value had been previously reflected in other comprehensive income.

There are a number of significant risks inherent in the process of monitoring our fixed maturity securities for impairments and determining when and if an impairment is other than temporary. These risks and uncertainties include the following possibilities:

 

   

The assessment of a borrower’s ability to meet its contractual obligations will change.

 

   

The economic outlook, either domestic or foreign, may be less favorable or may have a more significant impact on the borrower than anticipated, and as such, the security may not recover in value.

 

   

New information may become available concerning the security, such as disclosure of accounting irregularities, fraud, or corporate governance issues.

 

   

Significant changes in credit spreads may occur in the related industry.

 

   

Significant increases in interest rates may occur and may not return to levels similar to when securities were initially purchased.

 

   

Adverse rating agency actions may occur.

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Plans

We sponsor several defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit (OPEB) plans for our employees, including non-qualified pension plans. The U.S. pension plans comprise the majority of our total benefit obligation and pension expense. Our U.K. operation maintains a separate defined benefit plan for eligible employees. The U.K. defined benefit pension plan was closed to new entrants on December 31, 2002.

We follow Statements of Financial Accounting Standards No. 87 (SFAS 87), Employers’ Accounting for Pensions, No. 106 (SFAS 106), Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions, No. 132 (SFAS 132), Employers’ Disclosures about Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, and No. 158 (SFAS 158),

 

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Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R) in our financial reporting and accounting for our pension and postretirement benefit plans. See Note 10 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Part II, Item 8 for further discussion.

Our net periodic benefit costs and the value of our benefit obligations for these plans are determined based on a set of economic and demographic assumptions that represent our best estimate of future expected experience. Major assumptions used in accounting for these plans include the expected discount (interest) rate and the long-term rate of return on plan assets. We also use, as applicable, expected increases in compensation levels and a weighted-average annual rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered benefits, which reflects a health care cost trend rate.

The assumptions chosen for our pension and OPEB plans use consistent methodology but reflect the differences in the plan obligations. The assumptions are reviewed annually, and we use a December 31 measurement date for each of our plans. The discount rate assumptions and expected long-term rate of return assumptions have the most significant effect on our net periodic benefit costs associated with these plans. In addition to the effect of changes in our assumptions, the net periodic cost or benefit obligation under our pension and OPEB plans may change due to factors such as actual experience being different from our assumptions, special benefits to terminated employees, or changes in benefits provided under the plans.

Discount Rate Assumptions

The discount rate is an interest assumption used to convert the benefit payment stream to a present value. We set the discount rate assumption at the measurement date for each of our retirement related benefit plans to reflect the yield of a portfolio of high quality fixed income debt instruments matched against the timing and amounts of projected future benefits. A lower discount rate increases the present value of benefit obligations and increases our costs.

The discount rate we used to determine our 2008 net periodic benefit costs for our U.S. pension plans was 6.50 percent. For 2007, the discount rate was 6.10 percent prior to the remeasurement date of March 1, 2007, at which time it changed to 5.90 percent. No other assumptions were materially changed in the remeasurement, which resulted from the sale of GENEX and the curtailment of the pension plan benefits for the employees of GENEX. See Note 10 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for further discussion of the curtailment and remeasurement.

The discount rate used for the net periodic benefit costs for 2008 and 2007 for our U.K. pension plan was 5.80 percent and 5.10 percent, respectively. The discount rate used in the net periodic benefit cost for our OPEB plan for 2008 and 2007 was 6.30 percent and 5.90 percent, respectively.

Reducing the discount rate assumption by 50 basis points would have resulted in an increase in our 2007 pension expense of approximately $13.0 million, before tax, and an increase in our benefit obligation of approximately $115.3 million as of December 31, 2007, resulting in an after-tax decrease in stockholders’ equity of approximately $74.9 million as of December 31, 2007. A 50 basis point reduction in the discount rate assumption would increase our annual OPEB costs by approximately $0.1 million before tax.

Increasing the discount rate assumption by 50 basis points would have resulted in a decrease in our 2007 pension expense of approximately $11.7 million, before tax, and a decrease in our benefit obligation of approximately $101.0 million as of December 31, 2007, resulting in an after-tax increase in stockholders’ equity of approximately $65.7 million as of December 31, 2007. A 50 basis point increase in the discount rate assumption would not change our annual OPEB costs.

Long-term Rate of Return Assumptions

The long-term rate of return assumption is the best estimate of the average annual assumed return that will be produced from the pension trust assets until current benefits are paid. We use a compound interest method in computing the rate of return on pension plan assets. The investment portfolio for our U.S. pension plans during 2007 contained a diversified blend of large cap, mid cap, and small cap equity securities, convertible securities, and

 

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investment-grade and below-investment-grade fixed income securities. Assets for our U.K. pension plan are invested in pooled funds, with approximately 56 percent in diversified growth assets including global equities, hedge funds, commodities, below-investment-grade fixed income securities, and currencies. The remainder of the assets for our U.K. plan is predominantly invested in fixed interest bonds and index linked bonds. Assets for our OPEB plan are invested primarily within life insurance contracts issued by one of our insurance subsidiaries. The terms of these contracts are consistent in all material respects with those the subsidiary offers to unaffiliated parties that are similarly situated.

Our expectations for the future investment returns of the asset categories are based on a combination of historical market performance and evaluations of investment forecasts obtained from external consultants and economists. The methodology underlying the return assumption included the various elements of the expected return for each asset class such as long-term rates of return, volatility of returns, and the correlation of returns between various asset classes. The expected return for the total portfolio is calculated based on the plan’s strategic asset allocation. Investment risk is measured and monitored on an ongoing basis through annual liability measurements, periodic asset/liability studies, and quarterly investment portfolio reviews. Risk tolerance is established through consideration of plan liabilities, plan funded status, and corporate financial condition.

The long-term rate of return on assets used in the net periodic pension costs for our U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan for 2008 and 2007 was 7.50 percent and 8.00 percent, respectively. The long-term rate of return on asset assumption used for 2008 and 2007 for our U.K. pension plan was 6.90 percent and 6.80 percent, respectively, and for our OPEB plan, 5.75 percent for both years.

Changing the expected long-term rate of return on the plan assets by +/-50 basis points would have changed our 2007 pension plan expense by approximately $4.5 million before tax and our OPEB plan expense by approximately $0.1 million before tax. A lower rate of return on plan assets increases our expense.

Benefit Obligation and Fair Value of Plan Assets

The market related value equals the fair value of assets, determined as of the measurement date. The assets are not smoothed for purposes of SFAS 87. The expected return on assets, therefore, fully recognizes all asset gains and losses through the measurement date.

Our pension and OPEB plans have an aggregate unrecognized net actuarial loss and an unrecognized prior service credit, which represent the cumulative liability and asset gains and losses and the portion of prior service credits that have not been recognized in pension expense. As of December 31, 2007, the unrecognized net loss for these two items combined was approximately $301.8 million compared to $352.3 million at December 31, 2006. The decrease is primarily due to the increase in the year end discount rate. Prior to the adoption of SFAS 158, unrecognized actuarial gains or losses and prior service costs or credits were amortized as a component of pension expense but were not reported in companies’ balance sheets. SFAS 158 requires that actuarial gains or losses and prior service costs or credits that have not yet been included in net periodic benefit cost as of the adoption date of SFAS 158 be recognized as components of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax. The unrecognized gains or losses will be amortized out of accumulated other comprehensive income and included as a component of the net benefit cost, as they were prior to the adoption of SFAS 158. Our 2007, 2006, and 2005 pension and OPEB expense includes $15.3 million, $17.8 million, and $15.2 million, respectively, of amortization of the unrecognized net actuarial loss and prior service credit. The unrecognized net actuarial loss for our pension plans, which is $310.6 million at December 31, 2007, will be amortized over the average future working life of pension plan participants, currently estimated at 12 years for U.S. participants and 15 years for U.K. participants. The unrecognized net actuarial loss of $6.7 million for our OPEB plan will be amortized the average future working life of OPEB plan participants, currently estimated at 11 years, to the extent the loss is outside of a corridor established in accordance with GAAP. The corridor is established based on the greater of 10 percent of the plan assets or 10 percent of the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation. At December 31, 2007, none of the actuarial loss was outside of the corridor.

The fair value of plan assets in our U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan was $784.3 million at December 31, 2007, compared to $658.5 million at year end 2006. The plan contribution in 2007, coupled with the liability

 

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decrease due to increasing discount rates, has improved the year end funding level in the plan such that it has a deficit of $43.8 million as of December 31, 2007, compared to $151.6 million as of December 31, 2006. The fair value of plan assets in our OPEB plan was $12.0 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006. These assets represent life insurance reserves to fund the life insurance benefit portion of our OPEB plan. Our OPEB plan represents a non-vested, non-guaranteed obligation, and current regulations do not require specific funding levels for these benefits, which are comprised of retiree life, medical, and dental benefits. It is our practice to use general assets to pay medical and dental claims as they come due in lieu of utilizing plan assets for the medical and dental benefit portions of our OPEB plan. We expect to receive subsidies under the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 to partially offset these payments.

Our expected return on plan assets and discount rate discussed above will not affect the cash contributions we are required to make to our U.S. pension and OPEB plans because we have met all minimum funding requirements set forth by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA). We had no regulatory contribution requirements for 2007 and 2006; however, we elected to make voluntary contributions of $110.0 million and $92.0 million, respectively, to our U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan. We expect to make a voluntary contribution of approximately $55.0 million in 2008, based on current tax law.

During 2006, the federal government enacted the Pension Protection Act of 2006 which requires companies to fully fund defined benefit pension plans over a seven year period beginning in 2008. We have evaluated this requirement and have made estimates of amounts to be funded in the future. Based on this assessment, we do not believe that the funding requirements of the Pension Protection Act will cause a material adverse effect on our liquidity.

The fair value of plan assets for our U.K. pension plan was $186.2 million at December 31, 2007, compared to $168.9 million at year end 2006. The U.K. pension plan has a deficit of $1.7 million at December 31, 2007, compared to $9.6 million at December 31, 2006. We contribute to the plan in accordance with a schedule of contributions which requires that we contribute to the plan at the rate of at least 18.2 percent of eligible salaries, sufficient to meet the minimum funding requirement under U.K. legislation. During 2006, we made a voluntary contribution of $44.2 million to reduce the deficit and required contributions of $9.1 million. During 2007, we made a required contribution of £5.3 million, or approximately $10.5 million. We anticipate that we will make contributions during 2008 of approximately £5.4 million.

Income Taxes

We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Our valuation allowance relates primarily to assets for foreign net operating loss carryforwards and assets for our basis in certain of our foreign subsidiaries that are not likely to be realized in the future based on our expectations using currently available evidence. In evaluating the ability to recover deferred tax assets, we have considered all available positive and negative evidence including past operating results, the existence of cumulative losses in the most recent years, forecasted earnings, future taxable income, and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. In the event we determine that we most likely would not be able to realize all or part of our deferred tax assets in the future, an increase to the valuation allowance would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. Likewise, if it is later determined that it is more likely than not that those deferred tax assets would be realized, the previously provided valuation allowance would be reversed.

The calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws in a multitude of jurisdictions, both domestic and foreign. The amount of income taxes we pay is subject to ongoing audits in various jurisdictions, and a material assessment by a governing tax authority could affect profitability.

Effective January 1, 2007, we adopted FIN 48, which prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns. The evaluation of a tax position under FIN 48 is a two step process. The first step is to determine whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination based on the technical merits of the position. The second step is to measure a position that satisfies the recognition threshold at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more likely than not threshold but that now satisfy the recognition threshold are recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized

 

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tax positions that no longer meet the more likely than not recognition threshold are derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is no longer met. If a previously recognized tax position is settled for an amount that is different from the amount initially measured under FIN 48, the difference will be recognized as a tax benefit or expense in the period the settlement is effective. We believe that tax positions have been reflected in our financial statements at appropriate amounts in conformity with FIN 48.

Consolidated Operating Results

 

(in millions of dollars)  
     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     % Change     2006     % Change     2005  

Revenue

          

Premium Income

   $ 7,901.1     (0.6 )%   $ 7,948.2     1.7 %   $ 7,815.6  

Net Investment Income

     2,409.9     3.8       2,320.6     6.0       2,188.3  

Net Realized Investment Gain (Loss)

     (65.2 )   N.M.       2.2     132.8       (6.7 )

Other Income

     274.1     3.7       264.3     0.8       262.1  
                            

Total

     10,519.9     (0.1 )     10,535.3     2.7       10,259.3  
                            

Benefits and Expenses

          

Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits

     6,988.2     (7.8 )     7,577.2     7.0       7,083.2  

Commissions

     841.1     2.7       819.0     1.8       804.7  

Interest and Debt Expense

     183.1     (4.5 )     191.8     (7.8 )     208.0  

Cost Related to Early Retirement of Debt

     58.8     127.9       25.8     N.M.       —    

Deferral of Acquisition Costs

     (556.3 )   5.3       (528.2 )   1.7       (519.4 )

Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs

     480.4     0.4       478.6     3.2       463.7  

Compensation Expense

     722.4     6.2       680.5     3.3       659.0  

Other Expenses

     805.0     (2.4 )     825.2     (4.7 )     866.2  
                            

Total

     9,522.7     (5.4 )     10,069.9     5.3       9,565.4  
                            

Income from Continuing Operations

          

Before Income Tax

     997.2     114.3       465.4     (32.9 )     693.9  

Income Tax

     324.8     N.M.       61.8     (67.5 )     189.9  
                            

Income from Continuing Operations

     672.4     66.6       403.6     (19.9 )     504.0  

Income from Discontinued Operations

     6.9     (6.8 )     7.4     (22.9 )     9.6  
                            

Net Income

   $ 679.3     65.3     $ 411.0     (20.0 )   $ 513.6  
                            
N.M. = not a meaningful percentage           

The following chart lists charges affecting the comparability of our financial results. In describing our results, we may at times note these items and exclude the impact on financial ratios and metrics to enhance the understanding and comparability of our Company’s performance and the underlying fundamentals in our operations, but this exclusion is not an indication that similar items may not recur.

 

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(in millions of dollars)
     Year Ended December 31
     2007     2006    2005

Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits

       

Regulatory Claim Reassessment Charges

   $ 65.8     $ 396.4    $ 52.7

Other Operating Expenses

       

Regulatory Claim Reassessment Charges

     (12.8 )     15.0      22.3

Broker Compensation Settlements

     —         18.5      —  
                     

Total Charges, Before Tax

   $ 53.0     $ 429.9    $ 75.0
                     

Total Charges, After Tax

   $ 34.5     $ 280.1    $ 51.6
                     

Consolidated premium income for both 2007 and 2006 includes premium growth, relative to the preceding year, for Unum US supplemental and voluntary lines of business, Unum UK, and Colonial Life. Unum US group disability and group life and accidental death and dismemberment lines of business experienced year over year declines in premium income during 2007 and 2006, as expected, due primarily to our continued pricing discipline for our Unum US group business and our strategy of developing a more balanced business mix. Premium persistency for our Unum US group market segment declined in 2007 relative to 2006, as expected and due to a decline in persistency in the large case market segment, but case persistency is above the level of the prior year and is consistent with our expectations. Premium income in the Individual Disability – Closed Block segment decreased in 2007 relative to 2006 due primarily to the expected decline in this block of closed business, although this segment’s premium income increased in 2006 relative to the prior year due to the recapture of a ceded block of business in the third quarter of 2005.

Net investment income is progressively higher each year due primarily to the growth in invested assets, offset by a lower yield due to the investment of new cash at lower rates than that of our overall portfolio yield and a decline in the level of prepayment income on mortgage-backed securities in each of 2007 and 2006 relative to the preceding year. In addition, both 2007 and 2006 include a full year of net investment income, versus a partial year during 2005, on the bonds transferred to us in conjunction with the third quarter of 2005 recapture of a ceded closed block of individual disability business. We expect that our portfolio yield will continue to gradually decline until the market rates on new purchases increase above the level of the overall yield in our portfolio.

We reported a net realized investment loss of $65.2 million in 2007 compared to a gain of $2.2 million in 2006 and a loss of $6.7 million in 2005. Included in those amounts are changes in the fair value of the embedded derivatives in certain reinsurance contracts, which resulted in net realized losses of $57.3 million, $5.3 million, and $7.9 million in 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively. Also, in the third quarter of 2007, we recognized losses of $18.4 million related to the decline in fair value below amortized cost for certain securities for which it was determined during the third quarter of 2007 that we no longer had the intent to hold to recovery or maturity due to anticipated changes in our capital requirements resulting from the reinsurance transactions involving our Individual Disability – Closed Block segment business and the related issuance of $800.0 million of notes, as well as our capital redeployment plans. See “Investments” contained herein in Item 7 for further discussion.

The reported ratio of benefits and change in reserves for future benefits to premium income was 88.4 percent in 2007 compared to 95.3 percent in 2006 and 90.6 percent for 2005. As noted above, our reported benefits and change in reserves for future benefits include charges pertaining to our claim reassessment process required by the 2004 and 2005 regulatory settlement agreements. Excluding these charges, the ratio of benefits and change in reserves for future benefits to premium income was 87.6 percent for 2007, compared to 90.3 percent for 2006 and 90.0 percent for 2005. See “Segment Results” as follows for discussions of line of business risk results and claims management performance in each of our segments.

Interest and debt expense continues to decline year over year due to the reduction in our outstanding debt.

 

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Cost related to early retirement of debt includes costs associated with our $769.5 million and $732.0 million debt repurchases during 2007 and 2006. See “Debt” contained herein in Item 7 for additional information.

Excluding amounts related to claim reassessment and broker compensation settlements, our expense ratio improved in 2006 relative to 2005 but increased in 2007. The increase was due primarily to the decrease in premium income, as well as the second quarter of 2007 litigation settlement expense and additional expenses associated with the development of new product offerings in our core lines of business. We intend to aggressively manage our expenses while continuing to increase the effectiveness of our operating processes.

As previously noted, during the third quarter of 2007, we recorded a reduction of $1.7 million to our income tax expense to reflect the impact of the enactment of the U.K. tax rate change on our net deferred tax liability related to our U.K. operations. During the second half of 2007, our income tax expense reflected the lower U.K. tax rate, and we expect that our overall effective tax rate in the future will also be reduced by an amount proportional to earnings from our U.K. operations. Income tax for 2006 includes tax benefits of $91.9 million as a result of the reversal of tax liabilities related primarily to group relief benefits recognized from the use of net operating losses in a foreign jurisdiction in which our businesses operate. In addition, we recorded a net tax benefit of $1.3 million related to interest and tax refunds on prior year tax items in excess of what was previously provided. Income tax for 2005 includes tax benefits of $42.8 million related to the reduction of income tax liabilities in the first and third quarters of 2005 and a net tax benefit of $3.3 million recorded in connection with the repatriation of unremitted foreign earnings from our U.K. subsidiaries under the Homeland Investment Act of 2004.

Consolidated Sales Results

 

(in millions of dollars)     
     Year Ended December 31
     2007    % Change     2006    % Change     2005

Unum US

            

Fully Insured Products

   $ 631.0    (6.1 )%   $ 671.8    4.0 %   $ 645.8

Administrative Services Only (ASO) Products

     7.2    (47.4 )     13.7    80.3       7.6
                        

Total Unum US

     638.2    (6.9 )     685.5    4.9       653.4

Unum UK

     105.4    4.3       101.1    (23.6 )     132.3

Colonial Life

     334.9    6.3       315.1    10.0       286.4

Individual Disability - Closed Block

     3.0    (31.8 )     4.4    (32.3 )     6.5
                        

Consolidated

   $ 1,081.5    (2.2 )   $ 1,106.1    2.5     $ 1,078.6
                        

Sales results shown in the preceding chart generally represent the annualized premium or annualized fee income on new sales which we expect to receive and report as premium income or fee income during the next 12 months following or beginning in the initial quarter in which the sale is reported, depending on the effective date of the new sale. Sales do not correspond to premium income or fee income reported as revenue in accordance with GAAP. This is because new annualized sales premiums reflect current sales performance and what we expect to recognize as premium or fee income over a 12 month period, while premium income and fee income reported in our financial statements are reported on an “as earned” basis rather than an annualized basis and also include renewals and persistency of in force policies written in prior years as well as current new sales.

Premiums for fully insured products are reported as premium income. Fees for ASO products (those where the risk and responsibility for funding claim payments remain with the customer and we only provide services) are included in other income. Sales, persistency of the existing block of business, and the effectiveness of the renewal program are indicators of growth in our premium and fee income. Trends in new sales, as well as existing market share, also indicate our potential for growth in our respective markets and the level of market acceptance of price changes and new product offerings. Sales results may fluctuate significantly due to case size and timing of sales submissions.

 

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We intend to continue with our disciplined approach to pricing and also with our strategy of developing a more balanced business mix. This strategy is expected to result in a lower premium persistency or market share, particularly in the large case Unum US group market, but historically the profitability of business that terminates has generally been lower than the profitability of retained business. We do not anticipate a decline in the number of cases, or case persistency, for our Unum US group market on an aggregate basis.

See “Segment Results” as follows for additional discussion of sales by segment.

Segment Results

Our reporting segments are comprised of the following: Unum US, Unum UK, Colonial Life, Individual Disability – Closed Block (previously referred to as Individual Income Protection – Closed Block), Other, and Corporate. In the following segment financial data and discussions of segment results, “operating revenue” excludes net realized investment gains and losses. “Operating income” or “operating loss” excludes net realized investment gains and losses and income tax. These are considered non-GAAP financial measures. A non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s performance, financial position, or cash flows that excludes or includes amounts that are not normally excluded or included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

These non-GAAP financial measures of “operating revenue” and “operating income” or “operating loss” differ from revenue and income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax as presented in our consolidated operating results and in income statements prepared in accordance with GAAP due to the exclusion of before tax realized investment gains and losses. We measure segment performance for purposes of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information, excluding realized investment gains and losses because we believe that this performance measure is a better indicator of the ongoing businesses and the underlying trends in the businesses. Our investment focus is on investment income to support our insurance liabilities as opposed to the generation of realized investment gains and losses, and a long-term focus is necessary to maintain profitability over the life of the business. Realized investment gains and losses depend on market conditions and do not necessarily relate to decisions regarding the underlying business of our segments. However, income or loss excluding realized investment gains and losses does not replace net income or net loss as a measure of overall profitability. We may experience realized investment losses, which will affect future earnings levels since our underlying business is long-term in nature and we need to earn the assumed interest rates in our liabilities.

A reconciliation of total operating revenue by segment to total consolidated revenue and total operating income by segment to consolidated net income is as follows:

(in millions of dollars)

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     2006    2005  

Operating Revenue by Segment

   $ 10,585.1     $ 10,533.1    $ 10,266.0  

Net Realized Investment Gain (Loss)

     (65.2 )     2.2      (6.7 )
                       

Revenue

   $ 10,519.9     $ 10,535.3    $ 10,259.3  
                       

Operating Income by Segment

   $ 1,062.4     $ 463.2    $ 700.6  

Net Realized Investment Gain (Loss)

     (65.2 )     2.2      (6.7 )

Income Tax

     324.8       61.8      189.9  

Income from Discontinued Operations

     6.9       7.4      9.6  
                       

Net Income

   $ 679.3     $ 411.0    $ 513.6  
                       

As previously noted, included in the before-tax operating income by segment shown above are before-tax charges of $53.0 million, $411.4 million, and $75.0 million in 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively, related to the claim reassessment process and $18.5 million in 2006 for the broker compensation settlement.

 

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Unum US Segment

The Unum US segment includes group long-term and short-term disability insurance, group life and accidental death and dismemberment products, and supplemental and voluntary lines of business. The supplemental and voluntary lines of business are comprised of recently issued disability insurance, group and individual long-term care insurance, and voluntary benefits products.

Unum US Operating Results

Shown below are financial results for the Unum US segment. In the sections following, financial results and key ratios are also presented for the major lines of business within the segment.

(in millions of dollars)

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     % Change     2006     % Change     2005  

Operating Revenue

          

Premium Income

   $ 5,014.0     (3.5 )%   $ 5,196.0     (0.6 )%   $ 5,229.0  

Net Investment Income

     1,129.9     6.3       1,063.1     6.5       998.2  

Other Income

     135.7     25.1       108.5     (0.1 )     108.6  
                            

Total

     6,279.6     (1.4 )     6,367.6     0.5       6,335.8  
                            

Benefits and Expenses

          

Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits

     4,246.4     (10.6 )     4,752.1     7.5       4,419.3  

Commissions

     501.5     (0.7 )     505.2     0.7       501.6  

Deferral of Acquisition Costs

     (304.2 )   (0.7 )     (306.2 )   (1.8 )     (311.9 )

Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs

     277.1     (8.3 )     302.2     (1.5 )     306.9  

Other Expenses

     993.2     (2.5 )     1,018.6     (1.3 )     1,032.2  
                            

Total

     5,714.0     (8.9 )     6,271.9     5.4       5,948.1  
                            

Operating Income Before Income Tax and Net Realized Investment Gains and Losses

   $ 565.6    

N.M.

 

 

$

95.7

 

 

(75.3

)

 

$

387.7

 

                            

N.M. = not a meaningful percentage

Included in the operating income reported above for Unum US are before-tax charges of $66.2 million, $364.2 million, and $40.7 million in 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively, related to the claim reassessment process.

 

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Unum US Sales

(in millions of dollars)

     Year Ended December 31
     2007    % Change     2006    % Change     2005

Fully Insured Products

            

Group Long-term Disability

   $ 177.7    (14.8 )%   $ 208.5    15.6 %   $ 180.4

Group Short-term Disability

     64.7    (12.7 )     74.1    (0.9 )     74.8

Group Life

     134.0    (10.5 )     149.8    (5.1 )     157.8

Accidental Death & Dismemberment

     13.8    0.7       13.7    (6.8 )     14.7

Individual Disability—Recently Issued

     59.7    7.8       55.4    3.0       53.8

Group Long-term Care

     32.8    30.7       25.1    19.0       21.1

Individual Long-term Care

     9.9    (10.0 )     11.0    (15.4 )     13.0

Voluntary Benefits

     138.4    3.1       134.2    3.1       130.2
                        

Total Fully Insured Products

     631.0    (6.1 )     671.8    4.0       645.8

Administrative Services Only (ASO) Products

     7.2    (47.4 )     13.7    80.3       7.6
                        

Total Sales

   $ 638.2    (6.9 )   $ 685.5    4.9     $ 653.4
                        

Year Ended December 31, 2007 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2006

While overall sales for Unum US declined in 2007 relative to 2006, we maintained our disciplined pricing and our sales mix was generally in line with our target mix. In 2007, we had a sales mix of approximately 61 percent core market and 39 percent large case market, in line with our targeted 60 percent core/40 percent large case market distribution mix. Although sales on an annualized premium basis declined year over year in our group core market segment, the number of new accounts in this segment increased over the prior year. Sales growth gained momentum during the second half of the year, with an increase of 14.5 percent in group core market sales during the last six months of 2007 compared to the same period of 2006.

Sales for our individual disability line of business increased over the prior year. We continue to focus on the multi-life individual disability business, with almost 94 percent of total 2007 sales for this line of business occurring in the multi-life market. Long-term care sales were generally in line with our strategy for this product line, with growth in the group product and a decline in sales for individual long-term care. Our voluntary benefits sales increased in 2007 relative to the prior year, consistent with our focus on sales growth in our voluntary product lines.

We anticipate that sales for our group core market segment and our voluntary products will increase during 2008. Because our focus for our 2007 renewal program was aimed primarily at improving the profitability of our large case group business, sales and persistency for the large case market segment declined during 2007, as expected. As previously noted, during the third quarter of 2007, we introduced Simply Unum, a new product offering and administrative platform designed to better meet the needs of our group core market segment and our voluntary market. The initial market rollout was limited to four pilot sales offices, with the full rollout expected to occur during the first and second quarters of 2008.

Year Ended December 31, 2006 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2005

Sales for Unum US increased slightly in 2006 compared to 2005, with a sales mix of approximately 52 percent core market and 48 percent large case in our group products.

 

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Group disability sales, on a fully insured basis, increased in 2006 compared to 2005, with an increase in the large case market driven by additional new sales to existing group policyholders. Group disability case coverages in the core market grew relative to 2005, but because of a lower case size, core market sales, when measured in dollars of annualized premium income, declined relative to 2005. On a by market segment basis, core market segment sales for group life increased in 2006 relative to 2005, while sales in the large case market segment decreased in 2006 compared to 2005.

Approximately 90 percent of total 2006 sales for our individual disability line of business occurred in the multi-life market. Long-term care sales were generally in line with our strategy for this product line, with growth in the group product and a decline in sales for individual long-term care. Voluntary benefits sales increased in 2006 in comparison to 2005 as we continued to focus on the voluntary product lines for future growth.

Unum US Persistency and Renewal of Existing Business

A continuing part of our strategy for Unum US group business involves executing our renewal programs and managing persistency in our existing blocks of business. Our renewal programs have generally been successful in retaining business that is relatively more profitable than business that terminated. While we believe the additional premium and related profits associated with renewal activity will continue to emerge, we intend to balance the renewal program with the need to maximize persistency and retain broker relationships. Persistency, measured in both premium dollars and in number of cases, for the large case group market segment declined during 2007 relative to the prior year because of our 2007 strategy for this market. Premium persistency was also lower for our core group market segment, but case persistency for this market segment improved over the level of 2006. During 2006, persistency for each of our product lines was generally higher than or consistent with 2005.

We adopted the provisions of SOP 05-1 effective January 1, 2007, and recorded a cumulative effect adjustment which decreased our 2007 opening balance of Unum US DAC $589.8 million. SOP 05-1 provides guidance on accounting for DAC on internal replacements and effectively shortens the amortization period for DAC for many of our group products. Despite the shorter amortization period, we do not believe that the adoption of SOP 05-1 will have a material effect on amortization expense for Unum US as a result of the decrease in DAC from the cumulative effect adjustment. We will continue to monitor the persistency of the existing business and reflect changes relative to our amortization assumptions, as appropriate, in the current period’s amortization of DAC.

In January 2006, we began a process of filing a request with various state insurance departments for rate adjustments on one older series of individual long-term care policies. The rate adjustment brings the rates for this policy series closer to today’s market, better reflecting current interest rates, higher expected future claims, persistency, experience, and other factors related to pricing individual long-term care coverage. In states for which a rate increase is submitted and approved, customers are also given options for coverage changes or other approaches that might fit their current financial and insurance needs. Higher premium income associated with the rate increases has begun to emerge and is expected to continue to do so during 2008.

 

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Unum US Group Disability Operating Results

Shown below are financial results and key performance indicators for Unum US group disability.

(in millions of dollars, except ratios)

 

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     % Change     2006     % Change     2005  

Operating Revenue

          

Premium Income

          

Group Long-term Disability

   $ 1,895.7     (2.9 )%   $ 1,953.3     (0.4 )%   $ 1,961.6  

Group Short-term Disability

     485.6     (8.4 )     530.2     (6.4 )     566.3  
                            

Total Premium Income

     2,381.3     (4.1 )     2,483.5     (1.8 )     2,527.9  

Net Investment Income

     636.0     2.3       621.9     2.7       605.7  

Other Income

     100.2     21.7       82.3     2.5       80.3  
                            

Total

     3,117.5     (2.2 )     3,187.7     (0.8 )     3,213.9  
                            

Benefits and Expenses

          

Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits

     2,277.4     (15.7 )     2,702.5     12.7       2,397.7  

Commissions

     167.7     (4.6 )     175.8     0.4       175.1  

Deferral of Acquisition Costs

     (60.4 )   (6.4 )     (64.5 )   (0.2 )     (64.6 )

Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs

     66.2     (23.4 )     86.4     (6.3 )     92.2  

Other Expenses

     561.6     (4.6 )     588.6     1.0       582.5  
                            

Total

     3,012.5     (13.7 )     3,488.8     9.6       3,182.9  
                            

Operating Income (Loss) Before Income Tax and Net Realized Investment Gains and Losses

  

$

105.0

 

 

134.9

 

 

$

(301.1

)

 

N.M.

 

 

$

31.0

 

          
                            

Operating Ratios (% of Premium Income):

          

Benefit Ratio (1)

     95.6 %       108.8 %       94.8 %

Other Expense Ratio (2)

     23.6 %       23.7 %       23.0 %

Before-tax Operating Income (Loss) Ratio (3)

     4.4 %       (12.1 )%       1.2 %

Premium Persistency:

          

Group Long-term Disability

     85.1 %       87.8 %       84.8 %

Group Short-term Disability

     74.0 %       85.6 %       79.6 %

Case Persistency:

          

Group Long-term Disability

     88.4 %       87.4 %       87.2 %

Group Short-term Disability

     87.4 %       86.2 %       85.6 %

N.M. = not a meaningful percentage

          

 

 

 

(1) Included in these ratios are charges of $76.5 million, $349.2 million, and $27.3 million in 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively, related to the claim reassessment process. Excluding these charges, the benefit ratios for 2007, 2006, and 2005 would have been 92.4%, 94.8%, and 93.8%, respectively.

 

(2) Included in these ratios are increases (decreases) of $(10.3) million, $15.0 million, and $10.1 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, related to the claim reassessment process. Excluding these items, the other expense ratios for 2007, 2006, and 2005 would have been 24.0%, 23.1% and 22.6%, respectively.

 

(3) Included in these ratios are charges of $66.2 million, $364.2 million, and $37.4 million in 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively, related to the claim reassessment process. Excluding these charges, the before-tax operating income ratio for 2007, 2006, and 2005 would have been 7.2%, 2.5%, and 2.7%, respectively.

 

 

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Table of Contents

Year Ended December 31, 2007 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2006

Premium income for group disability decreased in 2007 relative to the prior year, as expected, due primarily to our more disciplined approach to pricing, renewals, and risk selection. Premium persistency and case persistency are both consistent with our expectations given our business mix strategy. Net investment income increased in 2007 in comparison to the prior year due to the growth in the level of assets supporting these lines of business, partially offset by the impact of the lower yield resulting from the lower interest rate environment and a decrease in bond call premiums. Other income includes ASO fees of $65.2 million and $60.9 million for 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Excluding the revisions to our estimate for claim reassessment costs, the benefit ratio for 2007 was lower than the benefit ratio for 2006 due primarily to lower paid claims in both group long-term and short-term disability and a higher rate of claim recoveries relative to the prior year.

Our claim operational effectiveness continues to improve as a result of our organizational and process changes. While additional performance improvement is expected to occur during 2008, the operational improvement we have projected may occur at a slower rate, and we may incur higher than anticipated claim costs.

The net decrease in the amortization of DAC is due primarily to the decrease in the level of DAC for these lines of business resulting from the adoption of the new accounting policy related to DAC on internal replacements, offset somewhat by higher amortization resulting from the shorter amortization period for DAC. The other expense ratio, excluding the adjustments to our claim reassessment incremental operating expense estimate, increased in 2007 compared to the prior year due to the decline in premium income as well as an increase in advertising and branding expenses and product and service development costs.

As discussed under “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” and in “Risk Factors” contained herein in Item 1A, certain risks and uncertainties are inherent in our group disability business. Components of claims experience, including, but not limited to, incidence and recovery rates, may be worse than we expect. Both economic and societal factors can affect claim incidence. Adjustments to reserve amounts may be required if there are changes in assumptions regarding the incidence of claims or the rate of recovery, as well as persistency, mortality, and interest rates used in calculating the reserve amounts.

Year Ended December 31, 2006 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2005

Premium income for group disability decreased in 2006 relative to 2005 due to our pricing, renewal, and risk selection strategy. Net investment income increased slightly in comparison to 2005 due to the growth in the level of assets supporting these lines of business and an increase in bond call premiums partially offset by the impact of the lower yield resulting from the lower interest rate environment. Other income includes ASO fees of $60.9 million for 2006 and $59.0 million for 2005.

Excluding the revisions to our estimate for claim reassessment costs, the 2006 benefit ratio of 94.8 percent was higher than the 2005 ratio of 93.8 percent due primarily to higher paid claims in both group long-term and short-term disability, partially offset by a higher rate of claim recoveries and a decrease in the claim incidence rate for group long-term disability relative to 2005.

The other expense ratio, excluding the adjustments to our claim reassessment incremental operating expense estimate increased in 2006 compared to 2005 due to the implementation of additional resources and process changes and also due to the decrease in premium income.

 

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Table of Contents

Unum US Group Life and Accidental Death and Dismemberment Operating Results

Shown below are financial results and key performance indicators for Unum US group life and accidental death and dismemberment.

(in millions of dollars, except ratios)

 

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     %Change     2006     %Change     2005  

Operating Revenue

          

Premium Income

          

Group Life

   $ 1,107.4     (11.3 )%   $ 1,248.1     (4.5 )%   $ 1,306.8  

Accidental Death & Dismemberment

     131.0     (13.6 )     151.6     (3.1 )     156.4  
                            

Total Premium Income

     1,238.4     (11.5 )     1,399.7     (4.3 )     1,463.2  

Net Investment Income

     134.9     (4.5 )     141.3     (7.0 )     151.9  

Other Income

     2.4     N.M.       —       N.M.       2.0  
                            

Total

     1,375.7     (10.7 )     1,541.0     (4.7 )     1,617.1  
                            

Benefits and Expenses

          

Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits

     901.6     (15.5 )     1,067.3     (4.0 )     1,111.9  

Commissions

     88.7     (1.6 )     90.1     (7.9 )     97.8  

Deferral of Acquisition Costs

     (36.1 )   (4.2 )     (37.7 )   (11.7 )     (42.7 )

Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs

     39.4     (39.4 )     65.0     (11.0 )     73.0  

Other Expenses

     164.9     (7.5 )     178.3     (5.3 )     188.3  
                            

Total

     1,158.5     (15.0 )     1,363.0     (4.6 )     1,428.3  
                            

Operating Income Before Income Tax and Net Realized Investment Gains and Losses

  

$

217.2

 

 

22.0

 

 

$

178.0

 

 

(5.7

)

 

$

188.8

 

          
                            

Operating Ratios (% of Premium Income):

          

Benefit Ratio

     72.8 %       76.3 %       76.0 %

Other Expense Ratio

     13.3 %       12.7 %       12.9 %

Before-tax Operating Income Ratio

     17.5 %       12.7 %       12.9 %

Premium Persistency:

          

Group Life

     78.8 %       81.2 %       78.3 %

Accidental Death & Dismemberment

     80.8 %       82.8 %       76.9 %

Case Persistency:

          

Group Life

     87.7 %       86.9 %       86.3 %

Accidental Death & Dismemberment

     88.0 %       87.0 %       86.4 %
N.M. = not a meaningful percentage           

Year Ended December 31, 2007 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2006

Premium income for group life decreased in 2007 relative to the prior year due primarily to our more disciplined approach to pricing, renewals, and risk selection. Premium persistency and case persistency are both consistent with our expectations. The decrease in net investment income relative to the prior year resulted primarily from a decline in the level of assets supporting these lines of business.

The benefit ratio decreased in 2007 due primarily to a lower submitted and paid claim incidence rate for group life, offset partially by higher paid claim incidence rates for the accidental death and dismemberment line of business.

Similar to our group disability products, amortization of DAC is lower this year relative to last year due to the adoption of SOP 05-1. The other expense ratio increased in 2007 in comparison to the prior year due to the decline in premium income.

 

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Year Ended December 31, 2006 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2005

Premium income for group life decreased in 2006 relative to 2005 due to our pricing, renewal, and risk selection strategy. The decrease in net investment income relative to 2005 resulted primarily from a decline in the level of assets supporting these lines of business.

The group life line reported a slightly increased benefit ratio in 2006 due primarily to an increased average claim size and a decrease in the waiver recovery rate, offset partially by a lower submitted and paid claim incidence rate. The accidental death and dismemberment line of business reported a decreased benefit ratio for 2006 compared to 2005 due primarily to a decrease in the paid claim incidence rate for certain of the product lines.

Commissions and the deferral of acquisition costs decreased in 2006 in comparison to 2005 due primarily to the decrease in sales in comparison to the prior year and a buy-out of a block of business from a commissioned sales agency in 2005. Operating expenses decreased in 2006 relative to 2005, enabling the operating expense ratio to remain stable against the decline in premium income.

 

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Table of Contents

Unum US Supplemental and Voluntary Operating Results

Shown below are financial results and key performance indicators for Unum US supplemental and voluntary product lines.

(in millions of dollars, except ratios)

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     %Change     2006     %Change     2005  

Operating Revenue

          

Premium Income

          

Individual Disability - Recently Issued

   $ 456.7     4.2 %   $ 438.5     3.2 %   $ 425.1  

Long-term Care

     532.9     8.2       492.4     4.1       473.2  

Voluntary Benefits

     404.7     6.0       381.9     12.5       339.6  
                            

Total Premium Income

     1,394.3     6.2       1,312.8     6.1       1,237.9  

Net Investment Income

     359.0     19.7       299.9     24.6       240.6  

Other Income

     33.1     26.3       26.2     (0.4 )     26.3  
                            

Total

     1,786.4     9.0       1,638.9     8.9       1,504.8  
                            

Benefits and Expenses

          

Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits

     1,067.4     8.7       982.3     8.0       909.7  

Commissions

     245.1     2.4       239.3     4.6       228.7  

Deferral of Acquisition Costs

     (207.7 )   1.8       (204.0 )   (0.3 )     (204.6 )

Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs

     171.5     13.7       150.8     6.4       141.7  

Other Expenses

     266.7     6.0       251.7     (3.7 )     261.4  
                            

Total

     1,543.0     8.7       1,420.1     6.2       1,336.9  
                            

Operating Income Before Income Tax and Net Realized Investment Gains and Losses

  

$

243.4

 

 

11.2

 

 

$

218.8

 

 

30.3

 

 

$

167.9

 

                            

Operating Ratios (% of Premium Income):

          

Benefit Ratios

          

Individual Disability - Recently Issued (1)

     56.7 %       58.0 %       57.5 %

Long-term Care

     106.0 %       99.2 %       93.0 %

Voluntary Benefits

     60.1 %       62.7 %       66.3 %

Other Expense Ratio (2)

     19.1 %       19.2 %       21.1 %

Before-tax Operating Income Ratio (3)

     17.5 %       16.7 %       13.6 %

Interest Adjusted Loss Ratios:

          

Individual Disability - Recently Issued

     40.8 %       43.5 %       44.4 %

Long-term Care

     77.7 %       73.1 %       70.9 %

Premium Persistency:

          

Individual Disability - Recently Issued

     90.6 %       90.5 %       89.6 %

Long-term Care

     95.4 %       95.3 %       95.8 %

Voluntary Benefits

     79.4 %       80.9 %       81.1 %

 

 

 

(1) Included in these ratios is a charge of $2.3 million in 2005 related to the claim reassessment process. Excluding this charge, the benefit ratio for 2005 would have been 57.0%.

 

(2) Included in these ratios is a charge of $1.0 million in 2005 related to the claim reassessment process. Excluding this charge, the operating expense ratio for 2005 would have been 21.0%.

 

(3) Included in these ratios is a charge of $3.3 million in 2005 related to the claim reassessment process. Excluding this charge, the before-tax operating income ratio for 2005 would have been 13.8%.

 

 

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Year Ended December 31, 2007 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2006

The increase in premium income for 2007 relative to the prior year is due to sales growth and overall stable persistency, although premium persistency for certain of the product lines declined compared to the prior year. Net investment income increased relative to the prior year primarily from growth in the level of assets supporting these lines of business.

The interest adjusted loss ratio for the individual disability – recently issued business decreased in 2007 relative to the prior year due primarily to a decrease in the submitted claim incidence rate as well as an increase in the claim recovery rate. The interest adjusted loss ratio for long-term care was higher in 2007 than in the prior year due primarily to an increase in the submitted claim incidence rate and a decrease in the claim recovery and mortality rates. The benefit ratio for voluntary benefits decreased in comparison to the prior year due primarily to a lower rate of paid claim incidence for the voluntary benefits disability line of business partially offset by a higher mortality rate for the voluntary life line of business.

The amortization of DAC increased in 2007 relative to the prior year due to the acceleration of amortization for certain of the product lines with lower than anticipated persistency. The other expense ratio remained level with the prior year due to the growth in premium income and the corresponding growth in operating expenses.

Year Ended December 31, 2006 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2005

The increase in premium income for 2006 relative to 2005 is due to sales growth and stable persistency. Net investment income increased relative to 2005 primarily from growth in the level of assets supporting these lines of business and due to higher investment yields resulting from a greater portion of the investment portfolio being invested in longer-term investments than in 2005.

The interest adjusted loss ratio for the individual disability – recently issued business decreased slightly in 2006 relative to 2005, excluding the 2005 reserve charge, due primarily to an increase in the claim recovery rate, offset partially by an increase in the claim reopen rate. The interest adjusted loss ratio for long-term care was higher in 2006 than in 2005 due primarily to the aging of the block of business. The benefit ratio for voluntary benefits decreased in comparison to 2005 due to favorable mortality and paid incidence.

Amortization of DAC was higher for 2006 due primarily to the growth of the deferred asset for the multi-life individual disability and voluntary benefits product lines relative to the other supplemental product lines. The amortization period for multi-life individual disability and voluntary benefits products is generally shorter than that of the other supplemental products.

The decrease in other expenses in 2006 in comparison to 2005 is driven primarily by the individual disability – recently issued line of business and is due mainly to relatively flat sales for 2006 and the restructuring of the distribution model for this line of business that was implemented in mid-2005. These expense declines are partially offset by an increase in other expenses related to the voluntary benefits lines of business driven primarily by growth in those lines of business.

 

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Table of Contents

Segment Outlook

Our primary focus in 2008 will be continued improvement of our claims management performance in our group disability line of business along with growth in our core group market and our supplemental and voluntary lines of business. We expect our overall benefit ratio for group disability to gradually improve to the 88 to 89 percent range by late 2008 to early 2009.

We are focused on diversifying our product portfolio through new initiatives such as Simply Unum and increased focus on our group core market and voluntary product sales. Simply Unum combines group and voluntary coverages on one fully-integrated platform and represents substantial changes in existing technologies and workflow processes, from quote and proposal to billing and administration and ultimately to the payment of claims. The initial market rollout in the third quarter of 2007 was limited to four pilot sales offices. Marketplace reaction from brokers and customers has been very positive. We expect the national rollout to occur during the first and second quarters of 2008.

We expect that premium income growth will emerge in late 2008 and 2009 as our group large case market persistency stabilizes and growth continues in our group core market and our supplemental product lines.

 

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Unum UK Segment

Unum UK includes insurance for group long-term disability, group life, and individual disability products sold primarily in the United Kingdom through field sales personnel and independent brokers and consultants.

Operating Results

Shown below are financial results and key performance indicators for the Unum UK segment.

(in millions of dollars, except ratios)

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     %Change     2006     %Change     2005  

Operating Revenue

          

Premium Income

          

Group Long-term Disability

   $ 752.6     17.8 %   $ 638.9     9.6 %   $ 582.9  

Group Life

     177.4     3.7       171.0     4.2       164.1  

Individual Disability

     38.3     16.4       32.9     (14.1 )     38.3  
                            

Total Premium Income

     968.3     14.9       842.8     7.3       785.3  

Net Investment Income

     200.4     14.8       174.6     13.2       154.2  

Other Income

     3.1     N.M.       0.1     (98.4 )     6.1  
                            

Total

     1,171.8     15.2       1,017.5     7.6       945.6  
                            

Benefits and Expenses

          

Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits

     574.3     3.8       553.5     1.4       545.8  

Commissions

     67.0     34.8       49.7     (11.9 )     56.4  

Deferral of Acquisition Costs

     (41.2 )   19.8       (34.4 )   0.9       (34.1 )

Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs

     49.4     54.4       32.0     48.1       21.6  

Other Expenses

     183.5     15.5       158.9     (5.5 )     168.2  
                            

Total

     833.0     9.6       759.7     0.2       757.9  
                            

Operating Income Before Income Tax and Net Realized Investment Gains and Losses

   $ 338.8     31.4     $ 257.8     37.3     $ 187.7  
                            

Operating Ratios (% of Premium Income):

          

Benefit Ratio

     59.3 %       65.7 %       69.5 %

Other Expense Ratio

     19.0 %       18.9 %       21.4 %

Before-tax Operating Income Ratio

     35.0 %       30.6 %       23.9 %

Premium Persistency:

          

Group Long-term Disability

     88.0 %       90.4 %       94.2 %

Group Life

     70.5 %       69.1 %       86.3 %

Individual Disability

     89.4 %       88.2 %       88.4 %

N.M. = not a meaningful percentage

          

 

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Foreign Currency Translation

The functional currency of Unum UK is the British pound sterling. Unum UK’s premiums, net investment income, claims, and expenses are received or paid in pounds, and we hold pound denominated assets to support Unum UK’s pound denominated policy reserves and liabilities. We translate Unum UK’s pound-denominated financial statement items into dollars for our consolidated financial reporting. We translate income statement items using an average exchange rate for the reporting period, and we translate balance sheet items using the exchange rate at the end of the period. We report unrealized foreign currency translation gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income in our consolidated balance sheets.

Fluctuations in the pound to dollar exchange rate have an effect on Unum UK’s reported financial results and our consolidated financial results. In periods when the pound weakens, translating pounds into dollars decreases current year results relative to the prior year. In periods when the pound strengthens, translating into dollars increases current year results in relation to the prior year.

(in millions of pounds)

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     %Change     2006     %Change     2005  

Operating Revenue

          

Premium Income

          

Group Long-term Disability

   £ 375.9     8.5 %   £ 346.3     8.1 %   £ 320.4  

Group Life

     88.5     (4.2 )     92.4     2.4       90.2  

Individual Disability

     19.1     7.3       17.8     (15.2 )     21.0  
                            

Total Premium Income

     483.5     5.9       456.5     5.8       431.6  

Net Investment Income

     100.0     5.8       94.5     11.4       84.8  

Other Income

     1.6     N.M.       —       (100.0 )     3.3  
                            

Total

     585.1     6.2       551.0     6.0       519.7  
                            

Benefits and Expenses

          

Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits

     286.8     (4.5 )     300.2     0.1       299.9  

Commissions

     33.5     24.1       27.0     (12.9 )     31.0  

Deferral of Acquisition Costs

     (20.6 )   10.2       (18.7 )   —         (18.7 )

Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs

     24.7     44.4       17.1     44.9       11.8  

Other Expenses

     91.6     6.4       86.1     (6.9 )     92.5  
                            

Total

     416.0     1.0       411.7     (1.2 )     416.5  
                            

Operating Income Before Income Tax and Net Realized Investment Gains and Losses

   £ 169.1     21.4     £ 139.3     35.0     £ 103.2  
                            

Weighted Average Pound/Dollar Exchange Rate

     2.004         1.851         1.819  

N.M. = not a meaningful percentage

Year Ended December 31, 2007 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2006

Premium income increased in 2007 relative to the prior year due primarily to sales of group and individual disability products and stable persistency for those two lines of business, partially offset by lower sales for group life and continued lower persistency relative to the levels of 2005 and early 2006. Net investment income increased in 2007 relative to the prior year due to continued growth in the business and the assets supporting the lines of business and also due to the positive performance of the investment portfolio’s index-linked bonds.

The lower benefit ratio in 2007 in comparison to the prior year was primarily the result of a third quarter of 2007 adjustment to our long-term assumptions for claim reserves due to emerging experience and our view of future events, which increased 2007 segment operating income approximately £8.2 million. Also contributing to a lower

 

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benefit ratio for 2007 was a lower rate of claim incidence for both group long-term disability and group life, partially offset by lower claim recoveries for group long-term disability.

Commissions increased in 2007 relative to the prior year primarily because of a higher portion of long-term disability business sold and renewed in 2007 on which a commission is paid. Amortization of DAC increased in 2007 due to the shorter amortization period for DAC resulting from the adoption of SOP 05-1. The amount of the cumulative effect adjustment decreased the 2007 opening balance of Unum UK DAC approximately £45.1 million, or $88.3 million, which results in decreased amortization because of the lower deferred asset level. However, the timing of policy renewals occurring during 2007 resulted in increased amortization, causing an overall net increase in expense for 2007. The other expense ratio remained consistent with the prior year due to a continued focus on expense management.

Year Ended December 31, 2006 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2005

Premium income increased in 2006 relative to 2005 due to higher sales during 2005 in the group long-term disability and group life lines of business, partially offset by a decline in persistency levels, particularly in the group life line of business. Net investment income increased in 2006 relative to 2005 due to continued growth in the business and the assets supporting the lines of business and also due to the positive performance of the investment portfolio’s index-linked bonds. Other income for 2005 includes a before tax gain of £3.1 million related to the disposal of Unum UK’s Netherlands branch.

The lower benefit ratio in 2006 in comparison to 2005 was attributable to favorable claim experience in all lines of business. Group long-term disability continued to have favorable claim incidence and claim resolution experience, although to a lesser extent than in recent periods because of a lower level of claim resolutions on an acquired block of group long-term disability business. Group life reported favorable paid claim experience. Individual disability had favorable claim resolution experience during 2006.

Commissions decreased in 2006 due to the ongoing increase in the proportion of business sold on a no-commission-basis and lower individual disability commissions following the sale of the Netherlands branch in 2006.

Amortization of DAC increased in 2006 due to accelerated amortization attributable to the run-off of a small in-force block of individual disability business. Amortization of value of business acquired (VOBA), which is reported in “Other Expenses,” decreased in 2006 due to the VOBA on a previously acquired group long-term disability claims block becoming fully amortized in 2005.

(in millions of dollars)

     Year Ended December 31
     2007    %Change     2006    %Change     2005

Group Long-term Disability

   $ 84.4    6.7 %   $ 79.1    (13.3 )%   $ 91.2

Group Life

     13.2    (20.0 )     16.5    (50.0 )     33.0

Individual Disability

     7.8    41.8       5.5    (32.1 )     8.1
                        

Total Sales

   $ 105.4    4.3     $ 101.1    (23.6 )   $ 132.3
                        

Total Sales (in millions of pounds)

   £ 52.6    (2.8 )   £ 54.1    (25.6 )   £ 72.7
                        

Sales in Unum UK were generally consistent with the overall level of 2006 as well as the level of sales in the core market segment, or employee groups with less than 500 lives. Sales in the U.K. market were negatively impacted during 2006 by lower employee benefits purchase decisions caused by distraction in the U.K. employee benefits market due to changes in pension legislation. However, U.K. legislative changes that removed discrimination by employers on the basis of age, therefore encouraging the extension of insurance coverage, became effective in October 2006, which accounted for approximately £11.1 million of sales during the latter half of 2006. During 2007, Unum UK continued to take advantage of the opportunities offered by age equality legislation, with £7.4 million of additional sales during 2007. Excluding sales related to the change in age equality legislation, Unum UK achieved underlying sales growth of approximately 5 percent in 2007 as compared to 2006.

 

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Sales in Unum UK, while declining for full year 2006 relative to 2005 as a result of the distraction in the U.K. employee benefits market, improved in the second half of 2006 relative to the first half of the year due to the U.K. legislative changes that became effective in October 2006 as discussed above.

Segment Outlook

During 2008, we intend to focus on continued profitable sales growth and improvement in our premium persistency. We anticipate that high levels of profitability in this segment will continue, but with margins likely to return to approximately 30 percent in the medium term as we invest in new growth opportunities.

We expect to maintain our strong leadership position in the U.K. We plan to explore additional market opportunities to expand our growth in the group market through new distribution channels and new product offerings, including leveraging Unum US expertise to open up the voluntary workplace market in the U.K. In 2008, we plan to introduce an innovative group disability product targeted to our core market segment, and in our individual business we plan to emphasize our own brand sales in those markets where we presently hold a strong position. We also intend to launch an initiative to provide Unum UK with industry leading services, processes, systems, and operational capability.

If the British pound to dollar exchange rate weakens during 2008 relative to the prior year, it will unfavorably impact Unum UK’s reported financial results and our consolidated financial results relative to the results reported for 2007.

 

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Colonial Life Segment

The Colonial Life segment includes insurance for accident, sickness, and disability products, life products, and cancer and critical illness products issued primarily by Colonial Life & Accident Insurance Company and marketed to employees at the workplace through an agency sales force and brokers.

Operating Results

Shown below are financial results and key performance indicators for the Colonial Life segment.

(in millions of dollars, except ratios)

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     %Change     2006     %Change     2005  

Operating Revenue

          

Premium Income

          

Accident, Sickness, and Disability

   $ 566.6     6.2 %   $ 533.3     4.8 %   $ 508.9  

Life

     143.5     10.0       130.5     14.5       114.0  

Cancer and Critical Illness

     197.1     10.5       178.3     8.7       164.1  
                            

Total Premium Income

     907.2     7.7       842.1     7.0       787.0  

Net Investment Income

     99.9     6.7       93.6     (2.5 )     96.0  

Other Income

     0.9     (18.2 )     1.1     (75.0 )     4.4  
                            

Total

     1,008.0     7.6       936.8     5.6       887.4  
                            

Benefits and Expenses

          

Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits

     437.8     (0.8 )     441.4     1.9       433.2  

Commissions

     201.6     9.0       184.9     8.3       170.7  

Deferral of Acquisition Costs

     (210.9 )   12.4       (187.6 )   8.2       (173.4 )

Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs

     153.9     6.6       144.4     7.2       134.7  

Other Expenses

     179.8     16.0       155.0     0.6       154.1  
                            

Total

     762.2     3.3       738.1     2.6       719.3  
                            

Operating Income Before Income Tax and Net Realized Investment Gains and Losses

   $ 245.8     23.7     $ 198.7     18.2     $ 168.1  
                            

Operating Ratios (% of Premium Income):

          

Benefit Ratio

     48.3 %       52.4 %       55.0 %

Other Expense Ratio

     19.8 %       18.4 %       19.6 %

Before-tax Operating Income Ratio

     27.1 %       23.6 %       21.4 %

Premium Persistency:

          

Accident, Sickness, and Disability

     75.9 %       74.9 %       75.3 %

Life

     83.8 %       84.2 %       84.1 %

Cancer and Critical Illness

     84.1 %       82.3 %       83.2 %

 

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Year Ended December 31, 2007 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2006

Growth in premium income was attributable primarily to current and prior period sales growth and stable persistency. Net investment income increased in 2007 in comparison to the prior year due primarily to growth in the level of assets supporting these lines of business.

The benefit ratio for this segment decreased in 2007 in comparison to the prior year due primarily to favorable risk experience in the accident, sickness, and disability line of business as well as the life line of business. The improvement in the accident, sickness, and disability line of business resulted from the continued favorable experience related to several new products introduced in 2004. In addition, individual short-term disability claim incidence and average claim duration decreased in 2007 compared to the prior year, while the average claim payment was higher in 2007 relative to the prior year. For accident products, the claim incidence rate decreased in 2007 compared to the prior year, while the average claim payment remained constant in 2007 relative to the prior year. The life line of business reported a decrease in the rate of incurred claims for 2007, although the aggregate claim expense increased due to the larger block of business. The cancer and critical illness product line also reported a slightly lower benefit ratio in 2007 relative to the prior year.

Although we continue to focus on expense management, the other expense ratio for 2007 increased in comparison to the prior year due primarily to our investment in brand and product promotion and the development of additional product offerings. Also, during 2006 we reported a one-time adjustment to commissions and operating expenses that increased reported commissions and reduced other expenses for that year.

Year Ended December 31, 2006 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2005

Growth in premium income was attributable primarily to current and prior period sales growth and stable persistency, partially offset by the lapsing of policies during the first quarter of 2006 for policyholders in hurricane-impacted areas. Net investment income decreased in 2006 in comparison to 2005 due primarily to the receipt of interest during 2005 on a bond previously in default.

The benefit ratio for this segment decreased in 2006 in comparison to 2005 due primarily to favorable risk experience in the accident, sickness, and disability line of business. The improvement resulted from underwriting actions taken in 2004 and 2005 as well as the introduction of several new products in 2004. Sales of these new products increased significantly during 2006. Also favorably impacting year-over-year comparisons was the first quarter of 2006 release of reserves related to the lapsed policies in the hurricane-impacted areas and a $3.5 million reserve charge in 2005 related to cancer litigation. In addition, individual short-term disability claim incidence and average claim duration decreased in 2006 compared to 2005, while the average indemnity on claims was higher in 2006 relative to 2005. For accident, the claim incidence rate decreased in 2006 relative to 2005, but the average claim payment increased over that reported for 2005. These positive trends were slightly offset by an increase in the claim incidence rate as well as the average claim payment during 2006 for our hospital income product. For cancer, the incidence increased in 2006 relative to 2005, but the incurred loss ratio decreased due to the introduction of a new cancer product. The life line of business reported a slight increase in the number of paid claims in 2006 relative to 2005 and an increase in the average claim payment.

The other expense ratio for 2006 decreased in comparison to 2005 due primarily to our expense management focus and the increase in premium income as well as the commission and expense adjustment noted above.

 

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Sales

(in millions of dollars)

     Year Ended December 31
     2007    %Change     2006    %Change     2005

Accident, Sickness, and Disability

   $ 211.3    8.7 %   $ 194.4    10.0 %   $ 176.8

Life

     66.7    0.2       66.6    9.9       60.6

Cancer and Critical Illness

     56.9    5.2       54.1    10.4       49.0
                        

Total Sales

   $ 334.9    6.3     $ 315.1    10.0     $ 286.4
                        

Colonial Life’s sales in 2007 increased in comparison to the prior year primarily due to sales increases in the public sector market for educators and in the commercial market segment for employee groups with less than 100 lives. Also contributing to the sales increase was an increase in the number of new accounts over the prior year, offset partially by a decrease in the average new case size, which resulted in lower annualized premium per case sold.

Colonial Life’s sales increased in 2006 compared to 2005 due to increases in both public sector and commercial market segments. In addition, the 2005 hurricanes in the United States gulf coast region resulted in lower sales in the second half of 2005.

Segment Outlook

During 2008, we intend to focus on sales and distribution growth by accelerating recruiting and development, capitalizing on sales opportunities where we have less market share, and assessing emerging distribution opportunities. We anticipate that high levels of profitability in this segment will continue, but with margins decreasing modestly as the benefit ratio returns to more historic levels of approximately 50 percent.

We will continue the investment in brand, product promotion, and marketing programs that we initiated during 2007. Our 2008 initiatives also include enhancement of our product development and enrollment capabilities. We intend to further enhance our continuous improvement program and focus on training and leadership development of our sales organization. We believe that the changes we have made and continue to make in our sales organization through recruiting, development, and training will continue to drive accelerated growth through improved productivity.

 

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Individual Disability - Closed Block Segment

The Individual Disability – Closed Block segment generally consists of those individual disability policies in force before the substantial changes in product offerings, pricing, distribution, and underwriting, which generally occurred during the period 1994 through 1998. A small amount of new business continued to be sold after these changes, but we stopped selling new policies in this segment at the beginning of 2004 other than update features contractually allowable on existing policies.

Operating Results

Shown below are financial results and key performance indicators for the Individual Disability – Closed Block segment.

(in millions of dollars, except ratios)

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     %Change     2006     %Change     2005  

Operating Revenue

          

Premium Income

   $ 1,009.9     (5.0 )%   $ 1,062.8     5.1 %   $ 1,011.7  

Net Investment Income

     827.2     (0.2 )     828.7     7.6       770.0  

Other Income

     103.7     (1.3 )     105.1     10.4       95.2  
                            

Total

     1,940.8     (2.8 )     1,996.6     6.4       1,876.9  
                            

Benefits and Expenses

          

Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits

     1,614.5     (5.6 )     1,709.7     9.4       1,562.7  

Commissions

     69.1     (9.3 )     76.2     1.7       74.9  

Other Expenses

     139.3     (0.1 )     139.4     (12.5 )     159.4  
                            

Total

     1,822.9     (5.3 )     1,925.3     7.1       1,797.0  
                            

Operating Income Before Income Tax and Net Realized Investment Gains and Losses

   $ 117.9     65.4     $ 71.3     (10.8 )   $ 79.9  
                            

Interest Adjusted Loss Ratio (1)

     91.4 %       97.3 %       89.3 %

Operating Ratios (% of Premium Income):

          

Other Expense Ratio (2)

     13.8 %       13.1 %       15.8 %

Before-tax Operating Income Ratio (3)

     11.7 %       6.7 %       7.9 %

Premium Persistency

     94.3 %       94.0 %       94.5 %

 

(1) Included in these ratios are charges (credits) of $(10.7) million, $47.2 million, and $23.1 million in 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively, related to the claim reassessment process. Excluding these charges and credits, the interest adjusted loss ratio for 2007, 2006, and 2005 would have been 92.5%, 92.9%, and 87.3%, respectively.

 

(2) Included in these ratios are increases (decreases) of $(2.5) million and $11.2 million in 2007 and 2005, respectively, related to the claim reassessment process. Excluding these items, the other expense ratio for 2007 and 2005 would have been 14.0% and 14.6%, respectively.

 

(3) Included in these ratios are charges (credits) of $(13.2) million, $47.2 million, and $34.3 million in 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively, related to the claim reassessment process. Excluding these charges and credits, the before-tax operating income ratio for 2007, 2006, and 2005 would have been 10.4%, 11.1%, and 11.3%, respectively.

 

Year Ended December 31, 2007 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2006

The decrease in premium income for 2007 relative to the prior year is due to the expected decline in this block of closed business, as well as an adjustment to premium income for a small block of ceded business for which the contract was modified during 2007. Partially offsetting these declines is an increase in premium income due to the

 

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reinsurance recapture of a small block of business, with an effective date of January 1, 2007, and an annualized premium income of approximately $7.0 million. Neither the contract modification nor the recapture had a material effect on operating results for this segment.

Net investment income decreased slightly in 2007 compared to the prior year due to a decrease in the level of assets supporting this business and the decline in the overall portfolio yield rate. As previously noted, during the fourth quarter of 2007, we entered into an intercompany reinsurance transaction whereby approximately 95 percent of our Individual Disability – Closed Block segment was ceded from Paul Revere Life, Provident, and Unum America to Northwind Re. With the risk transfer to Northwind Re, we released excess statutory capital previously supporting this reinsured closed block business. As a result, the capital allocated to our Individual Disability – Closed Block segment declined, with a resulting decrease in net investment income due to the lower asset levels needed to support allocated capital. Because this is an intercompany reinsurance arrangement, reported results remain unchanged for this segment other than the lower net investment income.

Other income includes the underlying results of certain blocks of reinsured business.

The interest adjusted loss ratio was lower in 2007 than the ratio for the prior year, excluding the revisions to the claim reassessment reserve estimate noted previously, due primarily to a higher rate of claim recoveries and a lower rate of submitted claims.

Year Ended December 31, 2006 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2005

During the third quarter of 2005, we recaptured a closed block of individual disability business with approximately $1.6 billion in invested assets and $185.0 million of annual premium. Before the recapture, the underlying operating results of the reinsurance contract were reflected in other income. The recapture did not have a material effect on operating results for this segment.

The increase in premium income for 2006 relative to 2005 is due to the recapture of the ceded block of business, which increased reported premium income for 2006 by approximately $114.7 million relative to what was reported as premium income for the recaptured block of business in the prior year. Net investment income was higher in 2006 compared to 2005 because of the investment income related to the bonds transferred to one of our insurance subsidiaries in conjunction with the reinsurance recapture and due to an increase in bond call premiums. This increase was partially offset by a decline in the overall portfolio yield rate and a decline in prepayment income on mortgage-backed securities.

Other income includes the underlying results of certain blocks of reinsured business, including the results of the recaptured block of business before the recapture date.

Excluding the reserve charges noted previously, the 2006 interest adjusted loss ratio of 92.9 percent was higher than the prior year ratio of 87.3 percent due primarily to higher submitted claim incidence and a lower rate of claim recoveries.

Other expenses, excluding charges related to the settlement agreements, decreased in 2006 in comparison to 2005 due to a 2005 payment of a judgment in a lawsuit and also to our ongoing expense management.

Segment Outlook

As a result of the decline in capital allocated to this segment, net investment income will decrease in 2008 relative to 2007 due to the lower asset levels needed to support allocated capital. We also expect that operating revenue and income will decline over time as this closed block of business winds down. We believe that the interest adjusted loss ratio for this block of business will be relatively flat over the long term, but the segment may experience quarterly volatility. Claim resolution rates are very sensitive to operational and environmental changes and can be volatile over short periods of time. During 2005 and 2006, we experienced quarter to quarter variability in our claim resolution rates. We believe this variability was primarily the result of a short-term reduction in the operating effectiveness of our claims management performance. During 2007, we gained more stability in our claims management performance, and our claim resolution rates were more consistent with our long-term assumptions.

 

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Our claim resolution rate assumption used in determining reserves is our expectation of the resolution rate we will experience over the life of the block of business and will vary from actual experience in any one period. It is possible, however, that variability in our reserve assumptions could result in a material impact on our reserve levels.

Other Segment

The Other operating segment includes results from Unum US insured products not actively marketed (with the exception of certain individual disability products), including individual life and corporate-owned life insurance, reinsurance pools and management operations, group pension, health insurance, and individual annuities. We expect operating revenue and income resulting from the products that are not actively marketed to decline over time as these business lines wind down, and we expect to reinvest the capital supporting these lines of business in the future growth of our Unum US, Unum UK, and Colonial Life segments.

Operating Results

 

(in millions of dollars)

  
     Year Ended December 31
     2007    % Change     2006    % Change     2005

Operating Revenue

            

Premium Income

   $ 1.7    (62.2 )%   $ 4.5    73.1 %   $ 2.6

Net Investment Income

     108.4    (4.2 )     113.2    (6.1 )     120.5

Other Income

     28.5    (15.7 )     33.8    (6.1 )     36.0
                        

Total

     138.6    (8.5 )     151.5    (4.8 )     159.1
                        

Benefits and Expenses

            

Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits

     115.2    (4.4 )     120.5    (1.4 )     122.2

Commissions

     1.9    (36.7 )     3.0    172.7       1.1

Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs

     —      N.M.       —      N.M.       0.5

Other Expenses

     4.0    11.1       3.6    (32.1 )     5.3
                        

Total

     121.1    (4.7 )     127.1    (1.5 )     129.1
                        

Operating Income Before Income Tax and Net
Realized Investment Gains and Losses

   $ 17.5    (28.3 )   $ 24.4    (18.7 )   $ 30.0
                        
N.M. = not a meaningful percentage             

Reinsurance Pools and Management

Our reinsurance operations include the reinsurance management operations of Duncanson & Holt, Inc. (D&H) and the risk assumption, which includes reinsurance pool participation; direct reinsurance, which includes accident and health (A&H), long-term care (LTC), and long-term disability coverages; and Lloyd’s of London (Lloyd’s) syndicate participations. During the years 1999 through 2001, we discontinued new underwriting in our reinsurance pools and began an exit process from the pools and management operations through a combination of a sale, reinsurance, and/or placement of certain components in run-off. During 2007, this line of business reported an operating loss of $6.0 million compared to operating losses of $6.7 million and $11.0 million in 2006 and 2005, respectively.

Individual Life and Corporate-Owned Life

During 2000, we reinsured substantially all of the individual life and corporate-owned life insurance blocks of business and ceded approximately $3.3 billion of reserves to the reinsurer. The $388.2 million before-tax gain on these transactions was deferred and is being amortized into income based upon expected future premium income on the traditional insurance policies ceded and estimated future gross profits on the interest-sensitive insurance policies ceded. A portion of the ceded corporate-owned life insurance block of business surrendered during 2007. The

 

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termination of this fully ceded business had no impact on our operating results and will not materially affect the amortization of the deferred gain.

Total operating revenue for individual life and corporate-owned life insurance was $29.4 million, $37.8 million, and $41.0 million in 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively. Operating income for the same periods was $26.8 million, $33.0 million, and $38.8 million.

Other

Group pension, health insurance, individual annuities, and other closed lines of business had combined operating revenue of $103.6 million in both 2007 and 2006 and $110.4 million in 2005. These closed lines of business had combined operating income (losses) of $(3.3) million, $(1.9) million, and $2.2 million.

Corporate Segment

The Corporate segment includes investment income on corporate assets not specifically allocated to a line of business, corporate interest expense, and certain corporate income and expense not allocated to a line of business.

Operating revenue in the Corporate segment was $46.3 million in 2007 compared to $60.5 million in 2006 and $61.2 million in 2005.

The Corporate segment reported operating losses of $223.2 million, $184.7 million, and $152.8 million in 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively. Included in the corporate segment operating results for 2007 and 2006 are costs related to early retirement of debt of $55.6 million and $25.8 million, respectively. Also included in the corporate segment operating results is a litigation settlement accrual of $11.6 million in 2007 and broker compensation settlement expenses of $18.5 million in 2006.

Interest and debt expense, excluding the costs related to early retirement of debt, was $186.3 million in 2007 compared to $191.8 million in 2006 and $208.0 million in 2005. See “Debt” contained herein in Item 7 for further discussion.

Discontinued Operations

During the first quarter of 2007, we completed the sale of GENEX and recognized an after-tax gain on the transaction of approximately $6.2 million. This gain is included with income from discontinued operations in our statements of income. Also included in discontinued operations is after-tax income for GENEX of $0.7 million, $7.4 million, and $9.6 million in 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively. See Note 2 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained herein in Item 8 for additional information.

Investments

Overview

Investment activities are an integral part of our business, and profitability is significantly affected by investment results. We segment our invested assets into portfolios that support our various product lines. Generally, our investment strategy for our portfolios is to match the effective asset cash flows and durations with related expected liability cash flows and durations to consistently meet the liability funding requirements of our businesses. We try to maximize investment income and assume credit risk in a prudent and selective manner, subject to constraints of quality, liquidity, diversification, and regulatory considerations. Our overall investment philosophy is to invest in a portfolio of high quality assets that provide investment returns consistent with those assumed in the pricing of our insurance products. Assets are invested predominately in fixed maturity securities, and the portfolio is matched with liabilities so as to eliminate as much as possible our exposure to changes in the overall level of interest rates. Changes in interest rates may affect the amount and timing of cash flows.

We actively manage our asset and liability cash flow match, as well as our asset and liability duration match to minimize interest rate risk. We may redistribute investments within our different lines of business, when necessary,

 

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to adjust the cash flow and/or duration of the asset portfolios to better match the cash flow and duration of the liability portfolios. Asset and liability portfolio modeling is updated on a quarterly basis and is used as part of the overall interest rate risk management strategy. Cash flows from the inforce asset and liability portfolios are projected at current interest rate levels and also at levels reflecting an increase and a decrease in interest rates to obtain a range of projected cash flows under the different interest rate scenarios. These results enable us to assess the impact of projected changes in cash flows and duration resulting from potential changes in interest rates. Testing the asset and liability portfolios under various interest rate scenarios enables us to choose the most appropriate investment strategy as well as to minimize the risk of disadvantageous outcomes. This analysis is a precursor to our activities in derivative financial instruments, which are used to hedge interest rate risk and to manage duration match. At December 31, 2007, the weighted average duration of our policyholder liability portfolio was approximately 8.03 years, and the weighted average duration of our investment portfolio supporting those policyholder liabilities was approximately 7.26 years.

We believe that our investment portfolio is positioned to lessen the potential impact of an economic slowdown on our financial position or operating results. Our portfolio is well diversified by type of investment and industry sector. Over the past few years, we have actively reduced our exposure to below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities, although additional downgrades may occur during an economic slowdown. Recent market concerns have been centered on several specific types of investment securities. We have no exposure to subprime mortgages or collateralized debt obligations in our asset-backed or mortgage-backed securities portfolios, our exposure to “Alt-A” loans within our mortgage-backed securities portfolio is less than $6.0 million, and we hold less than $35.0 million of collateralized debt obligations within our public bond portfolio. We have approximately $150.0 million of exposure to investments for which the payment of interest and principal is guaranteed under a financial guaranty insurance policy. The weighted average rating of the underlying securities, absent the guaranty insurance policy, is A1.

Below is a summary of our formal investment policy, including the overall quality and diversification objectives.

 

   

The majority of investments are in high quality publicly traded securities to ensure the desired liquidity and preserve the capital value of our portfolios.

 

   

The long-term nature of our insurance liabilities also allows us to invest in less liquid investments to obtain superior returns. A maximum of 10 percent of the total investment portfolio may be invested in below-investment-grade securities, 2 percent in equity type instruments, up to 35 percent in private placements, and 5 percent in commercial mortgage loans. The remaining assets can be held in publicly traded investment-grade corporate securities, mortgage-backed securities, bank loans, asset-backed securities, government and government agencies, and municipal securities.

 

   

We intend to manage the risk of losses due to changes in interest rates by matching asset duration with liabilities, in the aggregate, to within a range of +/- ten percent of the liability duration.

 

   

The weighted average credit quality rating of the portfolio should be BBB or higher.

 

   

The maximum investment per issuer group is limited based on internal limits established by our board of directors and is more restrictive than the five percent limit generally allowed by the state insurance departments which regulate the type of investments our insurance subsidiaries are allowed to own. These internal limits are as follows:

 

Rating

 

Internal Limit

    ($ in millions)
AAA/A   $150
BBB+   125
BBB   100
BBB-   75
BB+   60
BB/BB-   50
B   20

 

   

The portfolio is to be diversified across industry classification and geographic lines.

 

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Derivative instruments may be used to hedge interest rate risk and foreign currency risk and match liability duration and cash flows consistent with the plan approved by the board of directors.

 

   

Asset mix guidelines and limits are established by us and approved by the board of directors.

 

   

The allocation of assets and the selection and timing of the acquisition and disposition of investments are subject to ratification, on a weekly basis, by an investment subcommittee appointed by our board of directors. These actions are also reviewed and approved by the finance committee of our board of directors on a quarterly basis.

 

   

These investment policies and guidelines are reviewed and appropriately adjusted by the board of directors annually, or more frequently if deemed necessary.

Investment Results

Net investment income was $2,409.9 million in 2007, an increase of 3.8 percent relative to the prior year. The increase was due primarily to growth in invested assets, partially offset by a lower yield due to the investment of new cash at lower rates than that of our overall portfolio yield and a decline in the level of prepayment income on mortgage-backed securities.

The overall yield in our investment portfolio was 6.66 percent as of December 31, 2007, and the weighted average credit rating was A2. This compares to an overall yield in the portfolio of 6.73 percent as of December 31, 2006 and a weighted average credit rating of A2. We expect the portfolio yield to continue to gradually decline until the market rates on new purchases equal or exceed the level of the overall yield.

We recognize impairment losses when we determine that the value of certain fixed maturity securities has other than temporarily declined during the applicable reporting period, as well as when there are further declines in the values of fixed maturity securities that were initially written down in a prior period. See “Critical Accounting Estimates” contained herein in Item 7 for a complete discussion of the valuation of fixed maturity securities.

We also report changes in the fair values of certain embedded derivatives as realized investment gains and losses, as required under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133 Implementation Issue B36 (DIG Issue B36), Embedded Derivatives: Modified Coinsurance Arrangements and Debt Instruments That Incorporate Credit Risk Exposure That Are Unrelated or Only Partially Related to the Creditworthiness of the Obligor Under Those Instruments. During 2007, changes in the fair value of the embedded derivatives in certain reinsurance contracts resulted in net realized losses of $57.3 million, which resulted primarily from a widening of credit spreads in the overall investment market, not from credit deterioration of the investments held in the portfolios supporting the modified coinsurance reserves. Fair value changes in 2005 include an embedded derivative that was terminated when the associated reinsurance contract was recaptured in 2005. Under our remaining reinsurance contracts for which DIG Issue B36 is applicable, we believe that fair value changes will be minimal.

Realized investment gains and losses, before tax, are as follows:

 

(in millions of dollars)

  
      Year Ended December 31  
     2007     2006     2005  

Gross Realized Investment Gain from Sales

   $ 105.8     $ 82.0     $ 110.8  
                        

Gross Realized Investment Loss

      

Write-downs

     76.2       17.2       19.4  

Sales

     37.5       57.3       90.2  
                        

Total

     113.7       74.5       109.6  
                        

Change in Fair Value of DIG Issue B36 Derivatives

     (57.3 )     (5.3 )     (7.9 )
                        

Net Realized Investment Gain (Loss)

   $ (65.2 )   $ 2.2     $ (6.7 )
                        

 

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One of the factors we evaluate in determining when a decline in fair value below amortized cost of a fixed maturity security is other than temporary is our ability and intent to retain the security for a sufficient period of time for it to recover. During the third quarter of 2007, we recognized losses of $18.4 million related to the decline in fair value below amortized cost for certain securities for which it was determined during the third quarter of 2007 that we no longer had the intent to hold to recovery or maturity due to anticipated changes in our capital requirements, as previously discussed.

Also during 2007, we recorded an adjustment to the book values and related unrealized loss of two securitized asset trusts acquired in 2001 to reflect the values that would have been present had we recorded the investment income as dividends rather than interest accretion. The book value adjustment of $20.2 million was recognized as a realized investment loss in the second quarter of 2007. Because the investments no longer satisfied our investment objectives, we subsequently sold the trusts in June of 2007 and recognized a realized investment gain of $24.9 million on the sale.

Realized Investment Losses $10.0 Million or Greater from Other than Temporary Impairments

During 2007, we recognized an other than temporary impairment loss of $15.0 million on bonds issued by a large media company. The company was the subject of a leveraged buyout that placed a large amount of debt on the balance sheet during 2007. Because of our outlook for the future business prospects of this issuer, the length of time these securities had been in an unrealized loss position, and a change in our intent to retain the security for a sufficient period of time for it to recover, we determined that an other than temporary impairment had occurred. These securities were investment grade at the time of purchase but were downgraded to below-investment-grade in the second quarter of 2006. At the time of the impairment, these securities had been in an unrealized loss position for a period of greater than two years. The circumstances of this impaired investment have no impact on other investments.

We had no individual realized investment losses $10.0 million or greater from other than temporary impairments during 2006.

During 2005, we recognized an other than temporary impairment loss of $10.3 million on certificates issued by a trust backed by leases to a U.S. based airline. Although the airline had filed for bankruptcy in the third quarter of 2004, the bonds were secured by aircraft owned by the trust and had remained current on all interest payments to date. However, due to the lack of clarity regarding the value of aircraft collateralizing these securities and the length of time these securities had been in an unrealized loss position, we determined that an other than temporary impairment had occurred. These securities were investment-grade at the time of purchase but were downgraded to below-investment-grade in the first quarter of 2000. At the time of the impairment, these securities had been continuously in an unrealized loss position for a period of greater than three years. The circumstances of this impaired investment have no impact on other investments.

Realized Investment Losses $10.0 Million or Greater from Sale of Fixed Maturity Securities

We had no individual realized investments losses $10.0 million or greater from the sale of fixed maturity securities during 2007.

During 2006, we recognized a loss of $13.1 million on the sale of securities issued by a U.S. based automotive parts supplier. In an October 2005 press release, this company confirmed that due to accounting errors it would restate its previously released 2004 and first and second quarter 2005 earnings and delay third and fourth quarter 2005 earnings releases. In a first quarter of 2006 press release, the company reported third quarter 2005 results which were significantly below expectations and also withdrew guidance of positive free cash flow for its fiscal year 2005. Trade creditors put into place more stringent credit terms in response to the weaker financial results, which forced the company into bankruptcy in the first quarter of 2006. A portion of these securities had an investment-grade rating at the time of purchase, and a portion was purchased after the securities had been downgraded to below-investment-grade in the second quarter of 2001. At the time of sale, these securities had been continuously in an unrealized loss position for a period of greater than three years. The circumstances of this investment have no impact on other investments.

 

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During 2005, we recognized a loss of $14.6 million on the sale of securities issued by a major U.S. based automotive parts supplier. These securities were investment-grade at the time of purchase but were downgraded to below-investment-grade in the first quarter of 2005. At the time of sale, these securities had been continuously in an unrealized loss position for a period of greater than 90 days but less than 180 days. The circumstances of this investment have no impact on other investments.

Also during 2005, we recognized a loss of $12.6 million on the sale on securities issued by a major U.S. based automotive manufacturer. These securities were investment-grade at the time of purchase but were downgraded to below-investment-grade in the third quarter of 2005. At the time of sale, these securities had been continuously in an unrealized loss position for a period of less than 90 days. The circumstances of this investment have no impact on other investments.

Asset Distribution

The following table provides the distribution of invested assets for the periods indicated. Ceded policy loans of $2.4 billion as of December 31, 2007 and $3.2 billion as of December 31, 2006, which are reported on a gross basis in the consolidated balance sheets contained herein in Item 8, are excluded from the table below. Ceded policy loans declined during 2007 due to the surrender of a portion of our ceded corporate-owned life insurance block of business. The investment income on ceded policy loans is not included in income. Therefore, the termination of this fully ceded business had no impact on our net investment income.

Distribution of Invested Assets

 

     December 31  
   2007     2006  

Investment-Grade Fixed Maturity Securities

   87.2 %   89.0 %

Below-Investment-Grade Fixed Maturity Securities

   5.3     5.8  

Mortgage Loans and Real Estate

   2.8     2.6  

Short-Term Investments

   3.9     1.8  

Other Invested Assets

   0.8     0.8  
            

Total

   100.0 %   100.0 %
            

 

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Fixed Maturity Securities

Fixed maturity securities at December 31, 2007, included $35.3 billion, or 98.9 percent, of bonds and derivative instruments and $384.8 million, or 1.1 percent, of redeemable preferred stocks. The following table shows the fair value composition by internal industry classification of the fixed maturity bond portfolio and the associated unrealized gains and losses.

Fixed Maturity Bonds – By Industry Classification

As of December 31, 2007

 

(in millions of dollars)

              

Classification

   Fair Value     Net
Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
    Fair Value
of Bonds
with Gross
Unrealized
Loss
    Gross
Unrealized
Loss
   Fair Value
of Bonds
with Gross
Unrealized
Gain
   Gross
Unrealized
Gain

Basic Industry

   $ 2,281.4     $ 47.5     $ 913.8     $ 50.6    $ 1,367.6    $ 98.1

Canadian

     290.0       60.2       —         —        290.0      60.2

Capital Goods

     2,674.6       105.3       968.3       54.0      1,706.3      159.3

Communications

     2,395.9       111.6       841.2       53.6      1,554.7      165.2

Consumer Cyclical

     1,348.6       (3.9 )     699.6       58.3      649.0      54.4

Consumer Non-Cyclical

     4,193.8       91.5       1,723.0       82.7      2,470.8      174.2

Derivatives Hedging Available-for-Sale

     (91.1 )     (92.2 )     (232.6 )     232.6      141.5      140.4

Energy (Oil & Gas)

     2,455.5       204.2       449.4       16.8      2,006.1      221.0

Financial Institutions

     3,536.1       (92.2 )     2,563.0       149.1      973.1      56.9

Mortgage/Asset-Backed

     4,237.5       230.7       488.8       6.9      3,748.7      237.6

Sovereigns

     1,070.4       50.5       558.9       7.5      511.5      58.0

Technology

     571.5       8.1       279.9       15.2      291.6      23.3

Transportation

     981.1       57.1       322.2       13.0      658.9      70.1

U.S. Government Agencies and Municipalities

     2,462.5       149.8       840.9       28.7      1,621.6      178.5

Utilities

     6,930.9       179.7       3,169.2       144.3      3,761.7      324.0
                                            

Total

   $ 35,338.7     $ 1,107.9     $ 13,585.6     $ 913.3    $ 21,753.1    $ 2,021.2
                                            

The above chart excludes DIG Issue B36 embedded derivatives, which at December 31, 2007 had a fair value of $(68.8) million.

 

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The following table is a distribution of the maturity dates for fixed maturity bonds in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2007.

Fixed Maturity Bonds – By Maturity

As of December 31, 2007

 

(in millions of dollars)

     
     Fair Value of Bonds with
Gross Unrealized Loss
   Gross Unrealized
Loss

Due in 1 year or less

   $ 167.3    $ 1.0

Due after 1 year up to 5 years

     1,124.9      18.0

Due after 5 years up to 10 years

     3,948.3      417.1

Due after 10 years

     7,856.3      470.3
             

Subtotal

     13,096.8      906.4

Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities

     488.8      6.9
             

Total

   $ 13,585.6    $ 913.3
             

Of the $913.3 million in gross unrealized losses at December 31, 2007, $781.5 million, or 85.6 percent, are related to investment-grade fixed maturity bonds and result primarily from increases in interest rates or changes in market or sector credit spreads which occurred subsequent to acquisition of the bonds. The following table shows the length of time the investment-grade fixed maturity bonds had been in a gross unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2007.

Unrealized Loss on Investment-Grade Fixed Maturity Bonds

Length of Time in Unrealized Loss Position

As of December 31, 2007

 

(in millions of dollars)

     
     Fair Value    Gross Unrealized Loss

Fair value < 100% >= 70% of amortized cost

     

<= 90 days

   $ 657.8    $ 8.7

> 90 <= 180 days

     500.2      14.4

> 180 <= 270 days

     1,701.3      48.7

> 270 <= 1 year

     925.9      35.4

> 1 year <= 2 years

     4,548.6      198.5

> 2 years <= 3 years

     2,786.5      154.2

> 3 years

     1,137.7      295.9
             

Total

   $ 12,258.0    $ 755.8
             

Fair value < 70% >= 40% of amortized cost

     

> 2 years <= 3 years

   $ 0.7    $ 0.4

> 3 years

     54.0      25.3
             

Total

   $ 54.7    $ 25.7
             

 

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The following table shows the length of time the below-investment-grade fixed maturity bonds had been in a gross unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2007. The relationships of the current fair value to amortized cost are not necessarily indicative of the fair value to amortized cost relationships for the securities throughout the entire time that the securities have been in an unrealized loss position nor are they necessarily indicative of the relationships after December 31, 2007.

Unrealized Loss on Below-Investment-Grade Fixed Maturity Bonds

Length of Time in Unrealized Loss Position

As of December 31, 2007

 

(in millions of dollars)

     
     Fair Value    Gross Unrealized
Loss

Fair value < 100% >= 70% of amortized cost

     

<= 90 days

   $ 186.5    $ 5.6

> 90 <= 180 days

     169.5      11.4

> 180 <= 270 days

     371.7      19.9

> 270 <= 1 year

     63.3      11.3

> 1 year <= 2 years

     138.0      19.3

> 2 years <= 3 years

     218.0      40.7

> 3 years

     109.8      15.7
             

Total

   $ 1,256.8    $ 123.9
             

Fair value < 70% >= 40% of amortized cost

     

> 2 years <= 3 years

   $ 16.1    $ 7.9
             

 

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As of December 31, 2007, we held four securities with a gross unrealized loss of $10.0 million or greater, as shown in the chart below.

Gross Unrealized Losses on Fixed Maturity Bonds

$10.0 Million or Greater

As of December 31, 2007

 

(in millions of dollars)               

Fixed Maturity Bonds

   Fair Value    Gross
Unrealized
Loss
   Length of Time in a
Loss Position

Investment-Grade

        

U.S. Government Sponsored Mortgage Funding Company

   $ 377.9    $ 22.3    > 3 years

Principal Protected Equity Linked Note

     54.0      25.3    > 3 years
                

Total

   $ 431.9    $ 47.6   
                

Below-Investment Grade

        

United Kingdom Based Financial Institution

   $ 16.5    $ 13.2    > 1 year <= 2 years

U.S. Based Automobile Manufacturer

     26.8      10.4    > 2 years <= 3 years
                

Total

   $ 43.3    $ 23.6   
                

Unrealized losses on investment-grade fixed maturity securities principally relate to changes in interest rates or changes in market or sector credit spreads which occurred after the acquisition of the securities. These changes are generally temporary and are not recognized as realized investment losses unless the securities are sold, it becomes unlikely that we will hold the securities until recovery based on relevant facts and circumstances, or the securities become other than temporarily impaired. Generally, below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities are more likely to develop credit concerns. In determining whether a decline in fair value below amortized cost of a fixed maturity security is other than temporary, we utilize a formal, well-defined, and disciplined process to monitor and evaluate our fixed income investment portfolio. The process results in a thorough evaluation of problem investments and the recording of realized losses on a timely basis for investments determined to have an other than temporary impairment.

For those fixed maturity securities with an unrealized loss and on which we have not recorded an impairment loss, we believe that the decline in fair value below amortized cost is temporary. We have the ability and intent to hold our securities to the earlier of recovery or maturity. If information becomes available that changes our assessment as to whether we will receive contractual payments related to a fixed maturity security and the security is also not projected to recover in value, the related security is generally sold. We may also in certain circumstances sell a security in an unrealized loss position because of changes in tax laws, when a merger or the disposition of a segment or product line results in positions outside of our investment guidelines, due to changes in regulatory or capital requirements, due to unexpected changes in liquidity needs, to better match portfolio cash flows, or to take advantage of relative value opportunities or tender offers that recover up to or beyond the cost of the investment.

 

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For those securities with a gross unrealized loss of $10.0 million or greater, further discussed as follows are (a) the factors which we believe resulted in the impairment and (b) the information we considered, both positive and negative, in reaching the conclusion that the impairments were not other than temporary.

 

   

The fixed maturity bond of the U.S. government sponsored mortgage funding company was issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. The bond was rated AAA by S&P as of December 31, 2007, with no negative outlook by rating agencies or in analysts’ reports. The change in the market value of this security relates to changes in interest rates after the purchase of the bond. We believe that the decline in fair value of this security is temporary. The market value of this security will increase if interest rates decline to levels similar to when the bonds were purchased. We believe this is likely to occur over the life of the security. We have the ability to hold this security to the earlier of recovery or maturity.

 

   

The principal protected equity linked note is a zero coupon bond, issued by a large, well capitalized Fortune 500 financial services company, the return of which is linked to a Vanguard S&P 500 index mutual fund. This bond matures on August 24, 2020 and carried the AA rating of the issuer, as determined by S&P as of December 31, 2007. This note has an embedded derivative contract and substitutes highly rated bonds in place of the underlying S&P 500 index mutual fund to provide principal protection if there is a significant decline in the equities market. The note derives its value from the underlying S&P 500 index mutual fund. This note is currently at an unrealized loss because the fixed rate of accretion on the note has exceeded the rate of return on the underlying S&P 500 index fund since the purchase date of the note. Based on historical long-term returns of the S&P 500 index, we believe that the value of the underlying S&P 500 index mutual fund will equate to or exceed the par value of the security at maturity. We believe that the decline in fair value of the note is temporary. We have the ability to hold this security to the earlier of recovery or maturity.

 

   

The fair value of the securities of the United Kingdom based financial institution declined due to a significant decrease in its liquidity, although The Bank of England has guaranteed the institution’s deposits and senior debt securities. In addition, at the time of the decrease in liquidity, the regulatory authority of the U.K. financial services industry stated that the financial institution exceeded regulatory requirements and had a good quality loan book. Two private-sector bidders have presented offers to purchase the institution at prices that give equity value to the company. We believe that the decline in fair value of these securities is temporary. We have the ability to hold these securities to the earlier of recovery or maturity.

 

   

The fixed maturity bonds of the U.S. based automobile manufacturer are securities issued by the manufacturer and its captive finance subsidiary. The reduction in market value of these securities is due primarily to a decline in profitability and cash flow due to the competitive environment, a loss of market share, the shift in consumer demand, and an increase in the cost of raw materials and employee healthcare and pension benefits. The company and its finance subsidiary both have substantial liquidity, and the company has non-core automotive brands available for sale. Given this available liquidity, we believe that the decline in fair value of these securities is temporary. We have the ability to hold these securities to the earlier of recovery or maturity.

Our mortgage/asset-backed securities were approximately $4.0 billion and $3.8 billion on an amortized cost basis at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. At December 31, 2007, the mortgage/asset-backed securities had an average life of 7.0 years, effective duration of 5.7 years, and a weighted average credit rating of AAA. The mortgage/asset-backed securities are valued on a monthly basis using valuations supplied by the brokerage firms that are dealers in these securities as well as independent pricing services. The primary risk involved in investing in mortgage/asset-backed securities is the uncertainty of the timing of cash flows from the underlying loans due to prepayment of principal with the possibility of reinvesting the funds in a lower interest rate environment. We use models which incorporate economic variables and possible future interest rate scenarios to predict future prepayment rates.

We have not invested in mortgage-backed derivatives, such as interest-only, principal-only, or residuals, where market values can be highly volatile relative to changes in interest rates. All of our mortgage-backed securities are fixed rate. The credit quality of our mortgage-backed securities portfolio has not been negatively impacted by the

 

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recent issues in the market concerning subprime mortgage loans. The change in value of our mortgage-backed securities portfolio has moved in line with that of prime agency-backed mortgage-backed securities.

As of December 31, 2007, our exposure to below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities was $2,023.8 million, approximately 5.3 percent of the fair value of invested assets excluding ceded policy loans, compared to 5.8 percent at the end of 2006. Below-investment-grade bonds are inherently more risky than investment-grade bonds since the risk of default by the issuer, by definition and as exhibited by bond rating, is higher. Also, the secondary market for certain below-investment-grade issues can be highly illiquid. Additional downgrades may occur, but we do not anticipate any liquidity problem caused by our investments in below-investment-grade securities, nor do we expect these investments to adversely affect our ability to hold our other investments to maturity.

We have a significant interest in, but are not the primary beneficiary of, a special purpose entity which is a collateralized bond obligation asset trust (CBO) in which we hold interests in several of the tranches and for which we act as investment manager of the underlying high-yield securities. This entity is a cash flow CBO and was fully funded at the time of issuance. Our potential losses in this CBO are limited to our investment in the entity. Our investment in this entity is reported at fair value with fixed maturity securities in the consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of this investment was derived from the fair value of the underlying assets. The fair value and amortized cost of this investment were $12.0 million and $11.8 million, respectively, at December 31, 2007, and $18.8 million and $18.4 million, respectively, at December 31, 2006.

Mortgage Loans and Real Estate

Our mortgage loan portfolio was $1,068.9 million and $944.0 million on an amortized cost basis at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. We expect that we will continue to add investments in this category either through the secondary market or through loan originations. We believe our mortgage loan portfolio is well diversified geographically and among property types. The incidence of problem mortgage loans and foreclosure activity remains low, and we expect the level of delinquencies and problem loans to remain low in the future. We had no impaired mortgage loans at December 31, 2007. Impaired mortgage loans totaled $2.8 million at December 31, 2006.

Real estate was $18.2 million and $17.9 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Investment real estate is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Real estate acquired through foreclosure is valued at fair value at the date of foreclosure and may be classified as investment real estate if it meets our investment criteria. If investment real estate is determined to be permanently impaired, the carrying amount of the asset is reduced to fair value. Occasionally, investment real estate is reclassified to real estate held for sale when it no longer meets our investment criteria. Real estate held for sale, which is valued net of a valuation allowance that reduces the carrying value to the lower of cost or fair value less estimated cost to sell, was $8.9 million and $6.5 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

We use a comprehensive rating system to evaluate the investment and credit risk of each mortgage loan and to identify specific properties for inspection and reevaluation. We establish an investment valuation allowance for mortgage loans based on a review of individual loans and the overall loan portfolio, considering the value of the underlying collateral. Investment valuation allowances for real estate held for sale are established based on a review of specific assets. If a decline in value of a mortgage loan or real estate investment is considered to be other than temporary or if the asset is deemed permanently impaired, the investment is reduced to estimated net realizable value, and the reduction is recognized as a realized investment loss. We monitor the risk associated with these invested asset portfolios and regularly review and adjust the investment valuation allowance. We had no valuation allowance for mortgage loans at December 31, 2007. The balance in the valuation allowance for mortgage loans was $0.5 million at December 31, 2006. The balance in the valuation allowance for real estate was $7.6 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006.

Derivatives

We use derivative financial instruments to manage reinvestment risk, duration, and currency risk. Historically, we have utilized interest rate futures contracts, current and forward interest rate swaps and options on forward interest rate swaps, current and forward currency swaps, interest rate forward contracts, forward treasury locks, currency

 

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forward contracts, and forward contracts on specific fixed income securities. All of these freestanding derivative transactions are hedging in nature and not speculative. Positions under our hedging programs for derivative activity that were open during 2007 involved current and forward interest rate swaps, current and forward currency swaps, currency forward contracts, forward treasury locks, and options on forward interest rate swaps. Almost all hedging transactions are associated with the individual and group long-term care and the individual and group disability products. All other product portfolios are periodically reviewed to determine if hedging strategies would be appropriate for risk management purposes.

Our current credit exposure on derivatives, which is limited to the value of those contracts in a net gain position less collateral held, was $47.9 million at December 31, 2007. The carrying value of fixed maturity securities pledged as collateral to our counterparties was $265.8 million at December 31, 2007. See Note 5 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained herein in Item 8 for additional information.

Other

Our exposure to non-current investments, on a fair value basis, totaled $2.6 million at December 31, 2007, compared to $12.5 million at December 31, 2006.

We have an investment program where we simultaneously enter into repurchase agreement transactions and reverse repurchase agreement transactions with the same party. We net the related receivables and payables in the consolidated balance sheets since these transactions meet the requirements for the right of offset. We did not have any of these agreements in an open position at December 31, 2007. We also use the repurchase agreement market as a source of short-term financing, but had no contracts for this purpose outstanding at December 31, 2007.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our liquidity requirements are met primarily by cash flows provided from operations, principally in our insurance subsidiaries. Premium and investment income, as well as maturities and sales of invested assets, provide the primary sources of cash. Debt and/or securities offerings provide an additional source of liquidity. Cash is applied to the payment of policy benefits, costs of acquiring new business (principally commissions), operating expenses, and taxes, as well as purchases of new investments. We have established an investment strategy that we believe will provide for adequate cash flows from operations.

Our policy benefits are primarily in the form of claim payments, and we have minimal exposure to the policy withdrawal risk associated with deposit products such as individual life policies or annuities. A decrease in demand for our insurance products or an increase in the incidence of new claims or the duration of existing claims could negatively impact our cash flows from operations. Deterioration in the credit market, which could delay our ability to sell our positions in certain of our fixed maturity securities in a timely manner, could also negatively impact our cash flows. We believe our cash resources are sufficient to meet our liquidity requirements for the next 12 months.

During 2007, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $700.0 million of Unum Group’s common stock. The share repurchase program does not have an expiration date, and the pace of repurchase activity will depend upon various factors such as the level of available cash, alternative uses for cash, and our stock price. The authorization may be modified, extended, or terminated by our board of directors at any time.

During January 2008, we repurchased approximately $350.0 million of our outstanding common stock, pursuant to the share repurchase authorization, using an accelerated share repurchase agreement. Under the terms of the repurchase agreement, we may receive, or be required to pay, a price adjustment based on the volume weighted average price of our common stock during the term of the agreement. Any price adjustment payable to us will be settled in shares of our common stock. Any price adjustment we are required to pay will be settled, at our option, in either cash or common stock. We expect the price adjustment to settle on or before the completion of the agreement in May 2008.

During 2008, we intend to retain sufficient capital in our traditional U.S. insurance subsidiaries to maintain a weighted average RBC ratio in excess of our stated long-term objective of 300 percent. We also intend to maintain

 

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our leverage ratio at or slightly below our target levels. We expect that holding company liquidity will be in excess of $300.0 million at the end of 2008.

Our cash flows from discontinued operations are combined with cash flows from continuing operations within each cash flow statement category in our consolidated statements of cash flows for the applicable periods. The absence of cash flows from discontinued operations has not, nor is it expected to, materially affect liquidity and capital resources.

Consolidated Cash Flows

Operating Cash Flows

Net cash provided by operating activities was $1,750.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $1,431.9 million and $1,503.6 million for the comparable periods of 2006 and 2005. Operating cash flows are primarily attributable to the receipt of premium and investment income, offset by payments of claims, commissions, expenses, and income taxes. Premium income growth is dependent not only on new sales, but on renewals of existing business, renewal price increases, and stable persistency. Investment income growth is dependent on the growth in the underlying assets supporting our insurance reserves and on the level of portfolio yield rates. Increases in commissions and operating expenses are attributable primarily to new sales growth and the first year acquisition expenses associated with new business. The level of paid claims is due partially to the growth and aging of the block of business and also to the general economy, as previously discussed in the operating results by segment. Included in operating cash flows for 2007, 2006 and 2005 are voluntary pension contributions to our U.S. qualified defined benefit plan of $110.0 million, $92.0 million and $23.0 million, respectively. We also had increased cash inflows of approximately $211.4 million in 2007 due to the reinsurance recapture of a small block of individual disability business.

The year to year fluctuation in the income tax adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities is due mostly to a tax benefit recognized during 2006 which resulted from the reversal of tax liabilities related primarily to group relief benefits recognized from the use of net operating losses in a foreign jurisdiction.

Investing Cash Flows

Investing cash inflows consist primarily of the proceeds from the sales and maturities of investments. Investing cash outflows consist primarily of payments for purchases of investments. Net cash used by investing activities was $1,855.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to $1,222.0 million and $1,635.6 million for the comparable periods of 2006 and 2005, respectively.

We had lower proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities in 2007 compared to 2006, primarily due to a decrease in scheduled maturities of fixed maturity securities as well as a lower level of proceeds from principal prepayments on mortgage-backed securities. Somewhat offsetting this decline was the sale of a block of available-for-sale securities to generate the liquidity needed to repurchase debt in the fourth quarter as part of our capital redeployment plan.

Proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale securities in 2006 were higher than in 2005 due to the sale of floating rate bonds in the first quarter of 2006 which were initially purchased in the fourth quarter of 2005 with the proceeds from a debt issuance. We invested the 2005 fourth quarter debt proceeds in short-term investments and floating-rate bonds to provide liquidity needed for our $400.0 million purchase of debt in the first quarter of 2006. The proceeds from the subsequent sale in 2006 of these short-term investments and floating-rate bonds are included in sales of bonds and net purchases of short-term investments in 2006. We also had higher proceeds from maturities of investments in 2006 than in 2005 due to an increase in fixed maturity security principal proceeds from bond calls and scheduled maturities, offset somewhat by a decrease in principal prepayments on mortgage-backed securities.

Purchases of available-for-sale securities increased during 2007, in part due to the investing of the net cash inflows of $98.8 million from the sale of GENEX and the $211.4 million cash inflows from the reinsurance recapture.

 

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Purchases of other investments declined during 2007 relative to the prior years due to a decline in the purchase of commercial mortgage loans.

Net purchases of short-term investments increased during 2007 as a result of the liquidity needed for our capital redeployment plan previously discussed. During the fourth quarter of 2007, we issued $800.0 million of debt and invested the proceeds in floating rate bonds and short-term investments. Short-term investments were used as an interim investment as we seek suitable floating rate investments to support the floating rate debt. We also purchased short-term investments throughout 2007 as we anticipated the funding needed for our common stock repurchase program.

As noted above, the proceeds from dispositions in 2007 relate to the sale of GENEX. During 2005, we had cash inflows of $8.8 million related to the sale of Unum UK’s Netherlands branch and cash outflows of $3.5 million related to the GENEX acquisition of Independent Review Services, Inc.

Policy loans, as reported in our consolidated balance sheet, declined during 2007 due to the surrender of a portion of our ceded corporate-owned life insurance block of business. The termination of this fully ceded business had no impact on our cash inflows or outflows.

Financing Cash Flows

Financing cash flows consist primarily of borrowings and repayments of debt, issuance or repurchase of common stock, and dividends paid to stockholders. Net cash provided by financing activities was $181.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 compared to net cash used of $157.0 million and net cash provided of $71.0 million for the comparable periods of 2006 and 2005, respectively.

During 2007, we received proceeds of approximately $800.0 million, less debt issuance costs of $15.1 million, from the issuance of $800.0 million aggregate principal amount of debt by Northwind Holdings. We also repurchased and/or made principal payments of $769.5 million aggregate principal amount of outstanding debt during 2007, for an aggregate cash outflow of $803.7 million including the debt repurchase costs of $34.2 million.

During 2007, we received proceeds of approximately $300.0 million and issued 17.7 million shares of common stock upon the settlement of the common stock purchase contract element of the 2004 units.

During 2006, we received proceeds of approximately $130.0 million, less debt issuance costs of $4.1 million, from the issuance of $130.0 million aggregate principal amount of debt by Tailwind Holdings. We also repurchased and/or made principal payments of $732.0 million aggregate principal amounts of outstanding debt during 2006, for an aggregate cash outflow of $749.9 million including debt repurchase costs of $17.9 million.

During 2006, we received proceeds of approximately $575.0 million and issued 43.3 million shares of common stock upon the settlement of the common stock purchase contract element of the 2003 units.

During 2005, we repaid $227.0 million of maturing debt. Also in 2005, we received proceeds of $399.6 million from the issuance of $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of debt less underwriting discounts of $4.0 million.

See “Debt” as follows for further information.

Cash Available from Subsidiaries

Unum Group and certain of its intermediate holding company subsidiaries and/or finance subsidiaries depend on payments from subsidiaries to pay dividends to stockholders, to pay debt obligations, and/or to pay expenses. These payments by our insurance and non-insurance subsidiaries may take the form of interest payments on loans from the parent to a subsidiary, operating and investment management fees, and/or dividends. At December 31, 2007, Unum Group had outstanding from one of its insurance subsidiaries a $100.0 million 8.25% surplus debenture due in 2027. Semi-annual interest payments are conditional upon the approval by the insurance department of the applicable state of domicile. During 2006, Unum Group received $150.0 million from one of its insurance subsidiaries for the repayment of a surplus debenture issued to Unum Group in December 1996 with a maturity date of December 2006.

 

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Restrictions under applicable state insurance laws limit the amount of ordinary dividends that can be paid to a parent company from its insurance subsidiaries in any 12-month period without prior approval by regulatory authorities. For life insurance companies domiciled in the United States, that limitation generally equals, depending on the state of domicile, either ten percent of an insurer’s statutory surplus with respect to policyholders as of the preceding year end or the statutory net gain from operations, excluding realized investment gains and losses, of the preceding year.

The payment of ordinary dividends to a parent company from its insurance subsidiaries is generally further limited to the amount of statutory surplus as it relates to policyholders. Based on the restrictions under current law, during 2008, $626.5 million is available for the payment of ordinary dividends to Unum Group from its traditional U.S. insurance subsidiaries, excluding Northwind Re and Tailwind Re.

Unum Group and/or certain of its finance subsidiaries may also receive dividends from its United Kingdom-based affiliate, Unum Limited, subject to applicable insurance company regulations and capital guidance in the United Kingdom. During 2006, the FSA completed its review of Unum Limited’s capitalization and determined that Unum Limited’s current capitalization is in excess of the amount considered to be sufficient capitalization. Approximately £202.1 million is available for the payment of dividends from Unum Limited during 2008, subject to regulatory approval.

The amount available during 2007 for the payment of ordinary dividends from Unum Group’s traditional U.S. insurance subsidiaries was $506.2 million, of which $262.7 million was declared and paid. The traditional U.S. insurance subsidiaries also declared extraordinary dividends of $1,374.2 million in conjunction with the Northwind Re transaction, $1,346.0 million of which were paid in 2007 and $28.2 million in January 2008. The amount available during 2007 from Unum Limited was £102.2 million, of which £100.3 million was declared and paid.

Northwind Holdings’ and Tailwind Holdings’ ability to meet their debt payment obligations will be dependent upon the receipt of dividends from Northwind Re and Tailwind Re, respectively. The ability of Northwind Re and Tailwind Re to pay dividends to their respective parent companies will depend on their satisfaction of applicable regulatory requirements and on the performance of the reinsured business. During 2007, Northwind Re received regulatory approval from the insurance department of its state of domicile to pay a dividend of $37.0 million to Northwind Holdings, and Tailwind Re received regulatory approval from the insurance department of its state of domicile to pay dividends of $35.0 million to Tailwind Holdings.

The payment of dividends to the parent company from our subsidiaries also requires the approval of the individual subsidiary’s board of directors.

The ability of Unum Group and certain of its intermediate holding company subsidiaries and/or finance subsidiaries to continue to receive dividends from their insurance subsidiaries without regulatory approval generally depends on the level of earnings of those insurance subsidiaries as calculated under law. In addition to regulatory restrictions, the amount of dividends that may be paid by insurance subsidiaries will depend on additional factors, such as RBC ratios, funding growth objectives at an affiliate level, and maintaining appropriate capital adequacy ratios to support desired ratings. Insurance regulatory restrictions do not limit the amount of dividends available for distribution from non-insurance subsidiaries except where the non-insurance subsidiaries are held directly or indirectly by an insurance subsidiary and only indirectly by Unum Group. Unum Group’s RBC ratio for its traditional U.S. insurance subsidiaries, calculated on a weighted average basis using the NAIC Company Action Level formula, was approximately 344 percent at the end of 2007, with the individual RBC ratios for Unum Group’s principal traditional U.S. insurance subsidiaries all in excess of our long-term target ratio of 300 percent. The individual RBC ratios for Northwind Re and Tailwind Re, calculated using the NAIC Company Action Level formula, were each slightly above the target level of 200 percent which was established for these special purpose financial captive insurance companies. The individual RBC ratio for each of our insurance subsidiaries is above the range that would require state regulatory action.

 

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Debt

At December 31, 2007, we had long-term debt, including senior secured notes and junior subordinated debt securities, totaling $2,515.2 million and short-term debt of $175.0 million due in May 2008. Our leverage ratio, when calculated excluding the non-recourse debt and associated capital of Tailwind Holdings and Northwind Holdings and also allowing 50 percent equity credit for the adjustable conversion-rate equity security units that were still outstanding at the beginning of the year, was 21.4 percent at the end of 2007, compared to 26.2 percent at the beginning of 2007, subsequent to our cumulative effect adjustment to equity for the adoption of the new accounting policies related to deferred acquisition costs and income taxes. Our leverage ratio, when calculated using consolidated debt to total consolidated capital, was 26.4 percent at the end of 2007, compared to 28.8 percent at the beginning of 2007.

On October 31, 2007, Northwind Holdings issued $800.0 million floating rate, insured, senior, secured notes in a private offering. Recourse for the payment of principal, interest, and other amounts due on the notes will be limited to the assets of Northwind Holdings, consisting primarily of the stock of its sole subsidiary Northwind Re, a Vermont special purpose financial captive insurance company. Northwind Holdings’ ability to meet its payment obligations under the notes will be dependent principally upon its receipt of dividends from Northwind Re. The ability of Northwind Re to pay dividends to Northwind Holdings will depend on its satisfaction of applicable regulatory requirements and on the performance of the reinsured claims of Provident, Paul Revere and Unum America (the ceding insurers) reinsured by Northwind Re. None of Unum Group, the ceding insurers, Northwind Re or any other affiliate of Northwind Holdings is an obligor or guarantor on the notes.

On November 1, 2006, Tailwind Holdings issued $130.0 million floating rate, insured, senior, secured notes in a private offering. Recourse for the payment of principal, interest, and other amounts due on the notes will be limited to the assets of Tailwind Holdings, consisting primarily of the stock of its sole subsidiary Tailwind Re, a South Carolina special purpose financial captive insurance company. Tailwind Holdings’ ability to meet its payment obligations under the notes will be dependent principally upon its receipt of dividends from Tailwind Re. The ability of Tailwind Re to pay dividends to Tailwind Holdings will depend on its satisfaction of applicable regulatory requirements and on the performance of the reinsured claims of Unum America reinsured by Tailwind Re. None of Unum Group, Unum America, Tailwind Re or any other affiliate of Tailwind Holdings is an obligor or guarantor on the notes. The balance outstanding on these notes was $112.5 million at December 31, 2007.

In the fourth quarter of 2007, we purchased and retired $17.5 million of our outstanding 6.75% notes scheduled to mature in 2028. Pursuant to a cash tender offer, we purchased and retired $23.5 million aggregate liquidation amount of the 7.405% junior subordinated debt securities due 2038; $99.9 million aggregate principal amount of the 7.625% notes due 2011; $210.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 7.375% notes due 2032; and $66.1 million aggregate principal amount of the 6.75% notes due 2028. We also called and retired all $150.0 million principal amount of our outstanding 7.25% notes scheduled to mature in 2032.

Also in 2007, in open market transactions, we purchased $34.5 million of our outstanding 6.85% notes due 2015 and $17.5 million of our outstanding senior secured notes issued by Tailwind Holdings. In February 2007, the scheduled remarketing of the senior note element of the 2004 units occurred, as stipulated by the terms of the original offering, and we reset the interest rate of $300.0 million of senior notes due May 15, 2009 to 5.859%. We purchased $150.0 million of the senior notes in the remarketing which were subsequently retired. In May 2007, we settled the purchase contract element of the units by issuing 17.7 million shares of common stock. We received proceeds of approximately $300.0 million from the transaction.

In the fourth quarter of 2007, we entered into a $400.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility. At December 31, 2007, we had no borrowings outstanding on this facility. The facility has a 364 day tenor and a one year term out option. Within this facility is a $100.0 million dollar letter of credit sub-limit.

In the second quarter of 2006, pursuant to a cash tender offer, we purchased and retired $50.0 million aggregate liquidation amount of our 7.405% junior subordinated debt securities due 2038 and $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of our outstanding 7.625% notes due 2011. In the fourth quarter of 2006, in open market transactions, we purchased $32.0 million of our outstanding 6.85% notes due 2015.

 

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In February 2006, the scheduled remarketing of the senior note element of the 2003 units occurred, as stipulated by the terms of the original offering, and we reset the interest rate on $575.0 million of senior notes due May 15, 2008 to 5.997%. We purchased $400.0 million of the senior notes in the remarketing which were subsequently retired. In May 2006, we settled the purchase contract element of the units by issuing 43.3 million shares of common stock. We received proceeds of approximately $575.0 million from the transaction.

During the fourth quarter of 2005, Unum Group repatriated $454.8 million in unremitted foreign earnings from its U.K. subsidiaries, and as part of its repatriation plan, issued $400.0 million of 6.85% senior debentures due November 15, 2015 in a private offering. The aggregate principal amount outstanding was $333.5 million at December 31, 2007.

In 2001, Unum Group issued $575.0 million of 7.625% senior notes due March 1, 2011. The aggregate principal amount outstanding was $225.1 million at December 31, 2007.

In 2002, Unum Group completed two long-term offerings, issuing $250.0 million of 7.375% senior debentures due June 15, 2032 and $150.0 million of 7.250% public income notes due June 15, 2032. The public income notes were called and retired in 2007 as previously discussed. The 7.375% notes have an aggregate principal amount outstanding of $39.5 million at December 31, 2007.

In 1998, Unum Group completed public offerings of $200.0 million of 7.25% senior notes due March 15, 2028, $200.0 million of 7.0% senior notes due July 15, 2018, and $250.0 million of 6.75% senior notes due December 15, 2028. None of these amounts have been reduced other than the 6.75% notes, which have an aggregate principal amount outstanding of $166.4 million at December 31, 2007.

In 1998, Provident Financing Trust I (the trust) issued $300.0 million of 7.405% capital securities in a public offering. These capital securities, which mature on March 15, 2038, are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Unum Group, have a liquidation value of $1,000 per capital security, and have a mandatory redemption feature under certain circumstances. Unum Group issued 7.405% junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures, which mature on March 15, 2038, to the trust in connection with the capital securities offering. The securities issued by the trust have an aggregate principal amount outstanding of $226.5 million at December 31, 2007.

Unum Group has debt securities with an aggregate principal amount outstanding of $62.0 million which were initially issued in three separate series in 1990, 1993, and 1996, pursuant to an indenture dated September 15, 1990. The notes are fixed maturity rate notes with fixed maturity dates ranging between nine months to thirty years from the issuance date.

Unum Group has a shelf registration, which became effective in 2005, with the Securities and Exchange Commission to issue various types of securities, including common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, depository shares, stock purchase contracts, units and warrants, or preferred securities of wholly-owned finance trusts up to an aggregate of $1.0 billion. If utilized, the shelf registration will enable us to raise funds from the offering of any individual security covered by the shelf registration as well as any combination thereof, subject to market conditions and our capital needs.

See Note 9 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained herein in Item 8 for additional information.

 

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Commitments

The following table summarizes contractual obligations and our reinsurance recoverable by period as of December 31, 2007 (in millions of dollars). Excluded from the table are tax liabilities of approximately $168.5 million for which we are unable to make reasonably reliable estimates of the period of potential cash settlements, if any, with taxing authorities.

 

     Total    In 1 Year
or Less
   After 1 Year
up to 3 Years
   After 3 Years
up to 5 Years
   After 5 Years

Payments Due

              

Short-term Debt

   $ 180.2    $ 180.2    $ —      $ —      $ —  

Long-term Debt

     5,410.0      152.7      433.2      493.5      4,330.6

Policyholder Liabilities

     39,292.7      4,549.1      6,605.2      4,976.7      23,161.7

Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits

     1,973.7      64.7      131.9      134.3      1,642.8

Miscellaneous Liabilities

     253.9      220.9      4.7      7.0      21.3

Operating Leases

     108.8      26.7      43.5      20.5      18.1

Purchase Obligations

     73.1      72.2      0.9      —        —  
                                  

Total

   $ 47,292.4    $ 5,266.5    $ 7,219.4    $ 5,632.0    $ 29,174.5
                                  

Receipts Due

              

Reinsurance Recoverable

   $ 7,644.3    $ 337.4    $ 570.4    $ 511.5    $ 6,225.0
                                  

Short-term and long-term debt includes contractual principal and interest payments and therefore exceeds the amount shown in the consolidated balance sheet. See Note 9 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 8 for additional information.

Policyholder liability maturities and the related reinsurance recoverable represent the projected payout of the current inforce policyholder liabilities and the expected cash inflows from reinsurers for liabilities ceded and therefore incorporate uncertainties as to the timing and amount of claim payments. We utilize extensive liability modeling to project future cash flows from the inforce business. The primary assumptions used to project future cash flows are claim incidence rates for mortality and morbidity, claim resolution rates, persistency rates, and interest rates. These cash flows are discounted to determine the current value of the projected claim payments. The timing and amount of payments on policyholder liabilities may vary significantly from the projections above. See our previous discussion of asset/liability management under “Investments” contained herein in Item 7.

Pensions and other postretirement benefit obligations include our defined benefit pension and postretirement plans for our employees, including non-qualified pension plans. Pension plan obligations, other than the non-qualified plans, represent our contributions to the pension plans, with the next 12 months’ contributions equaling our planned contributions and the remaining years’ contributions projected based on the average remaining service period assuming the current funded status of the plans. Non-qualified pension plan and other postretirement benefit obligations represent the expected benefit payments related to these plans, discounted with respect to interest and reflecting expected future service, as appropriate. See Note 10 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 8 and “Critical Accounting Estimates” contained herein in Item 7 for additional information.

 

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Miscellaneous liabilities include commissions due and accrued, deferred compensation liabilities, state premium taxes payable, amounts due to reinsurance companies, and various other liabilities that represent contractual obligations. Obligations where the timing of the payment was uncertain were included in the one year or less category.

Operating leases include noncancelable obligations on certain office space and equipment.

Purchase obligations include commitments of $35.9 million to fund certain private placement fixed maturity and equity securities and $22.8 million for commercial mortgage loan originations. These are shown in the table above based on the expiration date of the commitments. The funds will be due upon satisfaction of contractual notice from the trustee or issuer of the private placement securities or at closing of the mortgage loans. The amounts may or may not be funded. Also included are noncancelable obligations with outside parties for computer data processing services and related functions and software maintenance agreements. The aggregate obligation remaining under these agreements was $14.4 million at December 31, 2007.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As noted in the preceding discussion, we have operating lease commitments and purchase obligations totaling $108.8 million and $73.1 million, respectively, at December 31, 2007.

We maintain a committed and unsecured credit facility and letters of credit. See “Debt” contained herein for further description of this arrangement.

As part of our regular investing strategy, we receive collateral from unaffiliated third parties through transactions which include both securities lending and also short-term agreements to purchase securities with the agreement to resell them at a later, specified date. For both types of transactions, we require that a minimum of 102 percent of the fair value of the securities loaned or securities purchased under repurchase agreements be maintained as collateral. Generally, cash is received as collateral under these agreements. In the event that securities are received as collateral, we are not permitted to sell or repledge them. We also pledge our fixed maturity securities as collateral to unaffiliated third parties through transactions including both securities lending and also short-term agreements to sell securities with the agreement to repurchase them at a later, specified date. At December 31, 2007, the carrying value of fixed maturity securities pledged as collateral to third parties under these programs was $2.0 million.

To help limit the credit exposure of the derivatives, we enter into master netting agreements with our counterparties whereby contracts in a gain position can be offset against contracts in a loss position. We also typically enter into bilateral, cross-collateralization agreements with our counterparties to help limit the credit exposure of the derivatives. These agreements require the counterparty in a loss position to submit acceptable collateral with the other counterparty in the event the net loss position meets or exceeds an agreed upon amount. Our current credit exposure on derivatives, which is limited to the value of those contracts in a net gain position less collateral held, was $47.9 million at December 31, 2007. The carrying value of fixed maturity securities pledged as collateral to our counterparties was $265.8 million at December 31, 2007.

Ratings

A.M. Best Company (AM Best), Fitch Ratings (Fitch), Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s), and Standard & Poor’s Corporation (S&P) are among the third parties that assign issuer credit ratings to Unum Group and financial strength ratings to our insurance subsidiaries. Issuer credit ratings reflect an agency’s opinion of the overall financial capacity of a company to meet its senior debt obligations. Financial strength ratings are specific to each individual insurance subsidiary and reflect each rating agency’s view of the overall financial strength (capital levels, earnings, growth, investments, business mix, operating performance, and market position) of the insuring entity and its ability to meet its obligations to policyholders. Both the issuer credit ratings and financial strength ratings incorporate quantitative and qualitative analyses by rating agencies and are routinely reviewed and updated on an ongoing basis.

 

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We compete based in part on the financial strength ratings provided by rating agencies. A downgrade of our financial strength ratings can be expected to adversely affect us and could potentially, among other things, adversely affect our relationships with distributors of our products and services and retention of our sales force, negatively impact persistency and new sales, particularly large case group sales and individual sales, and generally adversely affect our ability to compete. A downgrade in the issuer credit rating assigned to Unum Group can be expected to adversely affect our cost of capital or our ability to raise additional capital.

The table below reflects the issuer credit ratings for Unum Group and the financial strength ratings for each of our traditional insurance subsidiaries as of the date of this filing.

 

    

AM Best

  

Fitch

  

Moody’s

  

S&P

Issuer Credit Ratings

   bbb- (Good)    BBB- (Good)    Ba1 (Speculative)    BB+ (Speculative)

Financial Strength Ratings

           

Provident Life & Accident

   A- (Excellent)    A- (Strong)    Baa1 (Adequate)    BBB+ (Good)

Provident Life & Casualty

   A- (Excellent)    A- (Strong)    Not Rated    Not Rated

Unum Life of America

   A- (Excellent)    A- (Strong)    Baa1 (Adequate)    BBB+ (Good)

First Unum Life

   A- (Excellent)    A- (Strong)    Baa1 (Adequate)    BBB+ (Good)

Colonial Life & Accident

   A- (Excellent)    A- (Strong)    Baa1 (Adequate)    BBB+ (Good)

Paul Revere Life

   A- (Excellent)    A- (Strong)    Baa1 (Adequate)    BBB+ (Good)

Paul Revere Variable

   A- (Excellent)    A- (Strong)    Baa1 (Adequate)    Not Rated

Unum Limited

   A- (Excellent)    Not Rated    Not Rated    BBB+ (Good)

We maintain an ongoing dialogue with the four rating agencies in order to inform them of progress we are making regarding our strategic objectives and financial plans, as well as other pertinent issues. A significant component of our communications includes an annual review meeting, as well as other meetings not limited to quarterly updates regarding our business. During the second quarter of 2007, we conducted our annual review with Moody’s, S&P, and Fitch. Our annual review meeting with AM Best took place in the fourth quarter of 2007.

On August 1, 2007, S&P raised the outlook from “stable” to “positive” on our financial strength ratings and reaffirmed the positive outlook on our holding company’s issuer credit rating. On January 29, 2008, AM Best reaffirmed the ratings of Unum Group and its operating subsidiaries and upgraded the outlook from “negative” to “stable.” The agency’s revised outlook was positioned on our increased financial flexibility, the quality of our investment portfolio, the operational execution of our operating segments, and the completion of the claim reassessment process. On February 4, 2008, Fitch revised its outlook for Unum Group and its operating subsidiaries to “positive” from “stable,” citing our progress in increasing profitability and decreasing risk and our improved capitalization levels as the basis for the upgrade. On February 14, 2008, Moody’s revised its outlook for Unum Group and its operating subsidiaries to “stable” from “negative,” basing its revision on the overall improvement in our financial flexibility. There have been no other changes in any of the rating agencies’ outlook statements or ratings during 2007 or prior to the date of this filing.

Agency ratings are not directed toward the holders of our securities and are not recommendations to buy, sell, or hold our securities. Each rating is subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating organization, and each rating should be regarded as an independent assessment, not conditional on any other rating. Given the dynamic nature of the ratings process, changes by these or other rating agencies may or may not occur in the near-term.

See “Ratings” in Part 1, Item 1 and “Risk Factors – Issuer Credit Ratings and Financial Strength Ratings” in Part 1, Item 1A, contained herein for further discussion.

 

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are subject to various market risk exposures, including interest rate risk and foreign exchange rate risk. The following discussion regarding our risk management activities includes forward-looking statements that involve risk and uncertainties. Estimates of future performance and economic conditions are reflected assuming certain changes in market rates and prices were to occur (sensitivity analysis). Caution should be used in evaluating our overall market risk from the information presented below, as actual results may differ. We employ various derivative programs to manage these material market risks. See Notes 4 and 5 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for further discussions of the qualitative aspects of market risk, including derivative financial instrument activity.

Interest Rate Risk

Our operations are subject to risk resulting from interest rate fluctuations, primarily long-term U.S. interest rates. Changes in interest rates and individuals’ behavior affect the amount and timing of asset and liability cash flows. We continually model and test asset and liability portfolios to improve interest rate risk management and net yields. Testing the asset and liability portfolios under various interest rate and economic scenarios allows us to choose the most appropriate investment strategy, as well as to prepare for disadvantageous outcomes. This analysis is the precursor to our activities in derivative financial instruments. We use interest rate swaps, interest rate forward contracts, exchange-traded interest rate futures contracts, and options to hedge interest rate risks and to match asset durations and cash flows with corresponding liabilities.

Assuming an immediate increase of 100 basis points in interest rates from year end levels, the net hypothetical decrease in stockholders’ equity related to financial and derivative instruments was estimated to be $1.2 billion and $1.4 billion at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The fair values of mortgage loans, which are reported in our consolidated balance sheets at amortized cost, would decrease by approximately $60 million and $50 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

At December 31, 2007 and 2006, assuming a 100 basis point decrease in long-term interest rates from year end levels, the fair values of our short-term and long-term debt would increase approximately $140 million and $210 million, respectively.

The effect of a change in interest rates on asset prices was determined using a duration implied methodology for corporate bonds, private placement securities, and government and government agency securities whereby the duration of each security was used to estimate the change in price for the security assuming an increase of 100 basis points in interest rates. The effect of a change in interest rates on the mortgage-backed securities is estimated using a mortgage analytic system which takes into account the impact of changing prepayment speeds resulting from a 100 basis point increase in interest rates on the change in price of the mortgage-backed securities. These hypothetical prices were compared to the actual prices for the period to compute the overall change in market value. The changes in the fair values of long-term debt were determined using discounted cash flows analyses. Because we actively manage our investments and liabilities, actual changes could be less than those estimated above.

Foreign Currency Risk

We are also subject to foreign exchange risk arising from our foreign operations and certain investment securities denominated in those local currencies. Foreign operations represented 7.7 percent and 7.4 percent of total assets at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and 11.1 percent and 9.7 percent of total revenue from continuing operations for 2007 and 2006, respectively. Assuming foreign exchange rates decreased 10 percent from the December 31, 2007 and 2006 levels, stockholders’ equity and net income as of and for the periods then ended would not have been materially affected.

 

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Risk Management

We have an Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) program, with primary objectives of:

 

   

Improving our Company’s risk-based decision making;

 

   

Effectively utilizing our capital to improve our Company’s risk adjusted returns;

 

   

Improving and protecting shareholder value; and

 

   

Supporting efforts to minimize our reputational risk.

Our chief risk officer manages the ERM program. We utilize a “pyramid” risk committee structure, beginning with our board of director committees and cascading down to business segment risk committees, to govern our ERM process and manage our risks in an integrated manner. Collectively, these committees are responsible for managing our strategic, market, credit, insurance, operational, capital and liquidity, and reputational risks.

An executive risk management committee is responsible for overseeing our corporate-wide risk management program. Representative activities of this committee include, but are not limited to, reviewing risk reports, establishing corporate risk tolerance levels, providing direction on emerging risk issues, and reporting on a periodic basis to our board of directors. The following executives comprise the committee: our president and chief executive officer, our chief financial officer and chief actuary, our general counsel, the presidents of our three primary business units, our chief operating officer for Unum U.S., our chief risk officer, and the senior vice president of internal audit.

Business unit risk committees for each of our three primary business units as well as our corporate function are responsible for identifying, measuring, reporting, and managing insurance and operational risks within their respective areas, consistent with corporate risk tolerance levels. Market and credit risk are jointly managed and executed by our asset/liability and investment committees.

 

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Unum Group and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders’ equity, cash flows and comprehensive income (loss) for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007. Our audits also included the financial statement schedules listed in the index at Item 15(a). These financial statements and schedules are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedules based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Unum Group and subsidiaries at December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the related financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, Unum Group changed its method of accounting for deferred acquisition costs and income taxes as of January 1, 2007 in accordance with adoption of Statement of Position 05-1, Accounting by Insurance Enterprises for Deferred Acquisition Costs in Connection With Modifications or Exchanges of Insurance Contracts, and Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109; and its method of accounting for defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans as of December 31, 2006 in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158 (SFAS 158), Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R).

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Unum Group and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 21, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP

Chattanooga, Tennessee

February 21, 2008

 

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

 

     December 31
     2007    2006
     (in millions of dollars)

Assets

     

Investments

     

Fixed Maturity Securities - at fair value (amortized cost: $34,629.2; $ 33,414.1)

   $ 35,654.7    $ 35,001.5

Mortgage Loans

     1,068.9      944.0

Real Estate

     18.2      17.9

Policy Loans

     2,617.7      3,429.5

Other Long-term Investments

     104.7      122.0

Short-term Investments

     1,486.8      648.4
             

Total Investments

     40,951.0      40,163.3

Other Assets

     

Cash and Bank Deposits

     199.1      121.3

Accounts and Premiums Receivable

     1,914.7      2,057.1

Reinsurance Recoverable

     5,160.0      5,512.2

Accrued Investment Income

     592.3      646.8

Deferred Acquisition Costs

     2,381.9      2,983.1

Goodwill

     204.3      204.1

Property and Equipment

     393.7      370.1

Other Assets

     615.5      624.5

Other Assets - Discontinued Operations

     —        112.3

Separate Account Assets

     20.2      28.5
             

Total Assets

     $52,432.7      $52,823.3
             

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

 

     December 31  
   2007     2006  
   (in millions of dollars)  

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

    

Liabilities

    

Policy and Contract Benefits

   $ 1,979.7     $ 2,220.4  

Reserves for Future Policy and Contract Benefits

     35,828.0       35,689.4  

Unearned Premiums

     523.1       520.1  

Other Policyholders’ Funds

     1,821.2       2,019.1  

Income Tax Payable

     148.6       44.4  

Deferred Income Tax

     251.7       567.3  

Short-term Debt

     175.0       —    

Long-term Debt

     2,515.2       2,659.6  

Other Liabilities

     1,130.1       1,326.7  

Other Liabilities - Discontinued Operations

     —         29.0  

Separate Account Liabilities

     20.2       28.5  
                

Total Liabilities

     44,392.8       45,104.5  
                

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities - Note 15

    

Stockholders’ Equity

    

Common Stock, $0.10 par

    

Authorized: 725,000,000 shares

    

Issued: 362,844,570 and 344,578,616 shares

     36.3       34.4  

Additional Paid-in Capital

     2,516.9       2,200.0  

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

    

Net Unrealized Gain on Securities

     356.1       534.8  

Net Gain on Cash Flow Hedges

     182.5       194.2  

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment

     123.4       116.0  

Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs

     (198.5 )     (232.2 )

Retained Earnings

     5,077.4       4,925.8  

Treasury Stock - at cost: 1,951,095 shares

     (54.2 )     (54.2 )
                

Total Stockholders’ Equity

     8,039.9       7,718.8  
                

Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

   $ 52,432.7     $ 52,823.3  
                

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

 

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     2006     2005  
     (in millions of dollars, except share data)  

Revenue

      

Premium Income

   $ 7,901.1     $ 7,948.2     $ 7,815.6  

Net Investment Income

     2,409.9       2,320.6       2,188.3  

Net Realized Investment Gain (Loss)

     (65.2 )     2.2       (6.7 )

Other Income

     274.1       264.3       262.1  
                        

Total Revenue

     10,519.9       10,535.3       10,259.3  
                        

Benefits and Expenses

      

Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits

     6,988.2       7,577.2       7,083.2  

Commissions

     841.1       819.0       804.7  

Interest and Debt Expense

     183.1       191.8       208.0  

Cost Related to Early Retirement of Debt

     58.8       25.8       —    

Deferral of Acquisition Costs

     (556.3 )     (528.2 )     (519.4 )

Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs

     480.4       478.6       463.7  

Compensation Expense

     722.4       680.5       659.0  

Other Expenses

     805.0       825.2       866.2  
                        

Total Benefits and Expenses

     9,522.7       10,069.9       9,565.4  
                        

Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Tax

     997.2       465.4       693.9  

Income Tax (Benefit)

      

Current

     264.2       150.5       116.2  

Deferred

     60.6       (88.7 )     73.7  
                        

Total Income Tax

     324.8       61.8       189.9  
                        

Income from Continuing Operations

     672.4       403.6       504.0  

Discontinued Operations - Note 2

      

Income Before Income Tax

     17.8       13.2       15.7  

Income Tax

     10.9       5.8       6.1  
                        

Income from Discontinued Operations

     6.9       7.4       9.6  
                        

Net Income

   $ 679.3     $ 411.0     $ 513.6  
                        

Earnings Per Common Share

      

Basic

      

Income from Continuing Operations

   $ 1.90     $ 1.25     $ 1.71  

Net Income

   $ 1.92     $ 1.27     $ 1.74  

Assuming Dilution

      

Income from Continuing Operations

   $ 1.89     $ 1.21     $ 1.61  

Net Income

   $ 1.91     $ 1.23     $ 1.64  

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

 

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     2006     2005  
     (in millions of dollars)  

Common Stock

      

Balance at Beginning of Year

   $ 34.4     $ 30.1     $ 29.8  

Common Stock Activity

     1.9       4.3       0.3  
                        

Balance at End of Year

     36.3       34.4       30.1  
                        

Additional Paid-in Capital

      

Balance at Beginning of Year

     2,200.0       1,627.9       1,588.4  

Common Stock Activity

     316.9       585.9       39.5  

Cumulative Effect of Accounting Principle Change - Note 1

     —         (13.8 )     —    
                        

Balance at End of Year

     2,516.9       2,200.0       1,627.9  
                        

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

      

Balance at Beginning of Year

     612.8       1,163.5       1,481.1  

Change During Year

     (149.3 )     (466.6 )     (317.6 )

Cumulative Effect of Accounting Principle Change - Note 1

     —         (84.1 )     —    
                        

Balance at End of Year

     463.5       612.8       1,163.5  
                        

Retained Earnings

      

Balance at Beginning of Year

     4,925.8       4,610.4       4,185.5  

Net Income

     679.3       411.0       513.6  

Dividends to Stockholders ($0.30 per common share)

     (105.2 )     (95.6 )     (88.7 )

Cumulative Effect of Accounting Principle Changes - Note 1

     (422.5 )     —         —    
                        

Balance at End of Year

     5,077.4       4,925.8       4,610.4  
                        

Treasury Stock

      

Balance at Beginning and End of Year

     (54.2 )     (54.2 )     (54.2 )

Deferred Compensation

      

Balance at Beginning of Year

     —         (13.8 )     (6.5 )

Common Stock Activity

     —         —         (7.3 )

Cumulative Effect of Accounting Principle Change - Note 1

     —         13.8       —    
                        

Balance at End of Year

     —         —         (13.8 )
                        

Total Stockholders’ Equity at End of Year

   $ 8,039.9     $ 7,718.8     $ 7,363.9  
                        

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

 

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     2006     2005  
     (in millions of dollars)  

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

      

Net Income

   $ 679.3     $ 411.0     $ 513.6  

Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

      

Change in Receivables

     235.5       65.2       (56.9 )

Change in Deferred Acquisition Costs

     (75.9 )     (49.6 )     (55.7 )

Change in Insurance Reserves and Liabilities

     887.2       1,440.5       1,319.7  

Change in Income Tax Liabilities

     114.8       (67.4 )     90.2  

Change in Other Accrued Liabilities

     (119.8 )     (120.8 )     (44.0 )

Non-cash Adjustments to Net Investment Income

     (363.6 )     (370.0 )     (368.6 )

Net Realized Investment (Gain) Loss

     65.2       (2.2 )     6.7  

Depreciation

     66.2       72.5       72.7  

Cash Received from Reinsurance Recapture

     211.4       —         —    

Other, Net

     50.0       52.7       25.9  
                        

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

     1,750.3       1,431.9       1,503.6  
                        

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

      

Proceeds from Sales of Available-for-Sale Securities

     2,189.0       2,174.2       1,871.0  

Proceeds from Maturities of Available-for-Sale Securities

     1,171.4       1,364.0       1,169.7  

Proceeds from Sales and Maturities of Other Investments

     303.2       139.6       139.6  

Purchase of Available-for-Sale Securities

     (4,205.2 )     (4,050.2 )     (4,370.1 )

Purchase of Other Investments

     (488.8 )     (561.0 )     (524.4 )

Net Sales (Purchases) of Short-term Investments

     (836.2 )     (225.4 )     5.4  

Acquisition of Business

     —         —         (3.5 )

Disposition of Business

     98.8       —         8.8  

Other, Net

     (87.2 )     (63.2 )     67.9  
                        

Net Cash Used by Investing Activities

     (1,855.0 )     (1,222.0 )     (1,635.6 )
                        

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

      

Maturities and Benefit Payments from Policyholder Accounts

     (5.7 )     (7.2 )     (7.4 )

Short-term Debt Repayments

     —         —         (227.0 )

Issuance of Long-term Debt

     800.0       130.0       399.6  

Long-term Debt Repayments

     (769.5 )     (732.0 )     —    

Cost Related to Early Retirement of Debt

     (34.2 )     (17.9 )     —    

Issuance of Common Stock

     307.8       580.0       18.1  

Dividends Paid to Stockholders

     (105.2 )     (95.6 )     (88.7 )

Other, Net

     (12.0 )     (14.3 )     (23.6 )
                        

Net Cash Provided (Used) by Financing Activities

     181.2       (157.0 )     71.0  
                        

Effect of Foreign Exchange Rate Changes on Cash

     1.3       1.3       (2.6 )
                        

Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Bank Deposits

     77.8       54.2       (63.6 )

Cash and Bank Deposits at Beginning of Year

     121.3       67.1       130.7  
                        

Cash and Bank Deposits at End of Year

   $ 199.1     $ 121.3     $ 67.1  
                        

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

 

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     2006     2005  
     (in millions of dollars)  

Net Income

   $ 679.3     $ 411.0     $ 513.6  
                        

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

      

Change in Net Unrealized Gain on Securities Before
Reclassification Adjustment
(net of tax benefit of $134.6; $323.3; $144.5)

     (248.8 )     (613.0 )     (261.8 )

Reclassification Adjustment for Net Realized
Investment (Gain) Loss
(net of tax expense (benefit) of $0.2; $(0.3); $6.6)

     0.3       (0.6 )     12.3  

Change in Net Gain on Cash Flow Hedges
(net of tax expense (benefit) of $(6.0); $(39.8); $19.7)

     (11.7 )     (79.1 )     36.4  

Change in Adjustment to Reserves for Future
Policy and Contract Benefits, Net of Reinsurance
(net of tax expense (benefit) of $34.0; $50.5; $(10.0))

     69.8       107.7       (19.6 )

Change in Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment
(net of tax benefit of $-; $0.3; $0.2)

     7.4       93.6       (73.9 )

Change in Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement
Benefit Costs
(net of tax expense (benefit) of $16.7; $11.3; $(6.7))

     33.7       24.8       (11.0 )
                        

Total Other Comprehensive Loss

     (149.3 )     (466.6 )     (317.6 )
                        

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

   $ 530.0     $ (55.6 )   $ 196.0  
                        

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Unum Group and its subsidiaries (the Company) have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Such accounting principles differ from statutory accounting principles (see Note 16). Intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

In March 2007, we closed the sale of our wholly-owned subsidiary GENEX Services, Inc. (GENEX). The financial results of GENEX are reported as discontinued operations in the consolidated financial statements. Except where noted, the information presented in the notes to the consolidated financial statements excludes GENEX. See Note 2 for further discussion.

Description of Business: We are the largest provider of group and individual disability products in the United States and the United Kingdom. We also provide a complementary portfolio of other insurance products, including long-term care insurance, life insurance, employer- and employee-paid group benefits, and other related services. We market our products primarily to employers interested in providing benefits to their employees.

We have three major business segments: Unum US, Unum UK, and Colonial Life. Our other segments are the Individual Disability – Closed Block (previously referred to as Individual Income Protection – Closed Block) segment, the Other segment, and the Corporate segment. See Note 14 for further discussion of our operating segments.

Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Such estimates and assumptions could change in the future as more information becomes known, which could impact the amounts reported and disclosed herein.

Many factors influence the assumptions upon which reserves for policy and contract benefits are based, including historical trends in our experience and expected deviations from historical experience. Considerable judgment is required to interpret actual historical experience and to assess the future factors that are likely to influence the ultimate cost of settling existing claims. Given that insurance products contain inherent risks and uncertainties, the ultimate liability may be more or less than such estimates indicate.

Investments: Investments are reported in our consolidated balance sheets as follows:

Available-for-Sale Fixed Maturity Securities, which include bonds and redeemable preferred stocks, are reported at fair value. Interest income is recorded as part of net investment income when earned, using an effective yield method giving effect to amortization of premium and accretion of discount. Payment terms specified for fixed maturity securities may include a prepayment penalty for unscheduled payoff of the investment. Prepayment penalties are recognized as investment income when received.

Included within fixed maturity securities are mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities. We recognize investment income on these securities using a constant effective yield based on projected prepayments of the underlying loans and the estimated economic life of the securities. Actual prepayment experience is reviewed periodically, and effective yields are recalculated when differences arise between prepayments originally projected and the actual prepayments received and currently projected. The effective yield is recalculated on a retrospective basis, and the adjustment is reflected in net investment income.

Fixed maturity securities not bought and held for the purpose of selling in the near term but for which we do not have the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as available-for-sale. Changes in the fair value of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities are reported as a component of other comprehensive income. These amounts are net of income tax and valuation adjustments to reserves for future policy and contract benefits which would have been recorded had the related unrealized gain or loss on these securities been realized.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies - Continued

 

Mortgage Loans are generally carried at amortized cost less an allowance for probable losses. Interest income is accrued on the principal amount of the loan based on the loan’s contractual interest rate. Payment terms specified for mortgage loans may include a prepayment penalty for unscheduled payoff of the investment. Prepayment penalties are recognized as investment income when received.

Real Estate classified as investment real estate is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Real estate acquired through foreclosure is valued at fair value at the date of foreclosure. If investment real estate is determined to be other than temporarily impaired, the carrying amount of the asset is reduced to fair value. Occasionally, investment real estate is reclassified to real estate held for sale when it no longer meets our investment criteria. Real estate held for sale is valued net of a valuation allowance that reduces the carrying value to the lower of cost less accumulated depreciation or fair value less estimated cost to sell. Accumulated depreciation on real estate was $9.7 million and $9.5 million as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Policy Loans are presented at unpaid balances directly related to policyholders. Interest income is accrued on the principal amount of the loan based on the loan’s contractual interest rate. Included in policy loans are $2,422.0 million and $3,238.1 million of policy loans ceded to reinsurers at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Other Long-term Investments, primarily private equity fund limited partnerships, are generally carried at cost plus our share of changes in the investee’s ownership equity since acquisition.

Short-term Investments are carried at cost.

We discontinue the accrual of investment income on invested assets when collection is uncertain. We recognize investment income on impaired investments when the income is received.

Realized investment gains and losses, which are reported as a component of revenue in the consolidated statements of income, are based upon specific identification of the investments sold and do not include amounts allocable to separate accounts. At the time a decline in the value of an investment is determined to be other than temporary, a loss is recorded which is included in realized investment gains and losses.

Derivative Financial Instruments: We recognize all of our derivative instruments (including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts) as either assets or liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets and measure those instruments at fair value.

The accounting for changes in the fair value (i.e., gain or loss) of a derivative depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship, and further, on the type of hedging relationship. To qualify as a hedging instrument, a derivative must pass prescribed effectiveness tests, performed quarterly using both qualitative and quantitative methods. For those derivatives that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments, the derivative is designated, based upon the exposure being hedged, as one of the following:

Fair value hedge. Changes in the fair value of the derivative as well as the offsetting change in fair value on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged are recognized in current earnings during the period of change in fair value. The gain or loss on the termination of an effective fair value hedge is recognized in current earnings.

Cash flow hedge. To the extent it is effective, changes in the fair value of the derivative are reported in other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged item affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the hedge, if any, is recognized in current earnings during the period of change in fair value. The gain or loss on the termination of an effective cash flow

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies - Continued

 

hedge is reported in other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged item affects earnings.

Foreign currency exposure hedge. To the extent it is effective, changes in the fair value of the derivative are reported in other comprehensive income as part of the foreign currency translation adjustment and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which remeasurement of the hedged foreign currency asset affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the hedge, if any, is recognized in current earnings during the period of change in fair value. The gain or loss on the termination of an effective foreign currency exposure hedge is reported in other comprehensive income as part of the foreign currency translation adjustment and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which remeasurement of the hedged foreign currency asset affects earnings.

Gains or losses on the termination of ineffective hedges are reported in current earnings. In the event a hedged item is disposed of or the anticipated transaction being hedged is no longer likely to occur, we will terminate the related derivative and recognize the gain or loss on termination in current earnings.

For a derivative not designated as a hedging instrument, the change in fair value is recognized in earnings during the period of change. We report changes in the fair values of certain embedded derivatives as realized investment gains and losses during the period of change, as required under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133 Implementation Issue B36 (DIG Issue B36), Embedded Derivatives: Modified Coinsurance Arrangements and Debt Instruments That Incorporate Credit Risk Exposure That Are Unrelated or Only Partially Related to the Creditworthiness of the Obligor Under Those Instruments.

Reinsurance Recoverable: We routinely cede reinsurance to other insurance companies. For ceded reinsurance agreements wherein we are not relieved of our legal liability to our policyholders, we report assets and liabilities on a gross basis. Our reinsurance recoverable includes the balances due from reinsurers under the terms of these reinsurance agreements for ceded policy and contract benefits, ceded future policy and contract benefits, and ceded unearned premiums, less ceded policy loans.

Deferred Acquisition Costs: Certain costs of acquiring new business that vary with and are primarily related to the production of new business have been deferred. Such costs include commissions, other agency compensation, certain selection and policy issue expenses, and certain field expenses. Acquisition costs that do not vary with the production of new business, such as commissions on group products which are generally level throughout the life of the policy, are excluded from deferral. Deferred acquisition costs are subject to recoverability testing at the time of policy issue and loss recognition testing subsequent to the year of issue.

Deferred acquisition costs related to traditional policies are amortized over the premium paying period of the related policies in proportion to the ratio of the present value of annual expected premium income to the present value of total expected premium income. Such amortization is adjusted annually to reflect the actual policy persistency as compared to the anticipated experience.

Deferred acquisition costs related to interest-sensitive policies are amortized over the lives of the policies in relation to the present value of estimated gross profits from surrender charges and mortality, investment, and expense margins. Adjustments are made each year to reflect actual experience for assumptions which deviate significantly compared to anticipated experience.

Internal replacement transactions wherein the modification does not substantially change the policy are accounted for as continuations of the replaced contracts. Unamortized deferred acquisition costs from the original policy continue to be amortized over the expected life of the new policy, and the costs of replacing the policy are accounted for as policy maintenance costs and expensed as incurred. Internal replacement transactions, principally on group contracts, that result in a policy that is substantially changed are accounted for as an extinguishment of the original

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies - Continued

 

policy and the issuance of a new policy. Unamortized deferred acquisition costs on the original policy that was replaced are immediately expensed, and the costs of acquiring the new policy are capitalized and amortized in accordance with our accounting policies for deferred acquisition costs.

Loss recognition is generally performed on an annual basis. Insurance contracts are grouped for each major product line within a segment when we perform the loss recognition tests. If loss recognition testing indicates that deferred acquisition costs are not recoverable, the deficiency is charged to expense. The assumptions used in loss recognition testing represent our best estimates of future experience.

Goodwill: Goodwill is the excess of the amount paid to acquire a business over the fair value of the net assets acquired. The carrying amount of goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount might not be recoverable. If the fair value of the operations to which the goodwill relates is less than the carrying amount of the unamortized goodwill, the carrying amount is reduced with a corresponding charge to expense.

Property and Equipment: Property and equipment is reported at cost less accumulated depreciation, which is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful life. The accumulated depreciation for property and equipment was $539.8 million and $496.4 million as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Value of Business Acquired: Value of business acquired is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets and represents the present value of future profits recorded in connection with the acquisition of a block of insurance policies. The asset is amortized based upon expected future premium income for traditional insurance policies and estimated future gross profits for interest-sensitive insurance policies. The accumulated amortization for value of business acquired was $110.9 million and $101.9 million as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. We periodically review the carrying amount of value of business acquired using the same methods used to evaluate deferred acquisition costs.

Revenue Recognition: Traditional life and accident and health products are long duration contracts, and premium income is recognized as revenue when due from policyholders. If the contracts are experience rated, the estimated ultimate premium is recognized as revenue over the period of the contract. The estimated ultimate premium, which is revised to reflect current experience, is based on estimated claim costs, expenses, and profit margins.

For interest-sensitive products, the amounts collected from policyholders are considered deposits, and only the deductions during the period for cost of insurance, policy administration, and surrenders are included in revenue. Policyholders’ funds represent funds deposited by contract holders and are not included in revenue.

Policy and Contract Benefits: Policy and contract benefits represent amounts paid and expected to be paid based on reported losses and estimates of incurred but not reported losses for traditional life and accident and health products. For interest-sensitive products, benefits are the amounts paid and expected to be paid on insured claims in excess of the policyholders’ policy fund balances.

Policy and Contract Benefits Liabilities: Policy reserves represent future policy and contract benefits for claims not yet incurred. Policy reserves for traditional life and accident and health products are determined using the net level premium method. The reserves are calculated based upon assumptions as to interest, persistency, morbidity, and mortality that were appropriate at the date of issue. Interest rate assumptions are based on actual and expected net investment returns. Persistency assumptions are based on our actual historical experience adjusted for future expectations. Morbidity and mortality assumptions are based on actual experience or industry standards adjusted as appropriate to reflect our actual experience and future expectations. The assumptions vary by plan, year of issue, and policy duration and include a provision for adverse deviation.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies - Continued

 

Policy reserves for group single premium annuities have been provided on a net single premium method. The reserves are calculated based on assumptions as to interest, mortality, and retirement that were appropriate at the date of issue. Mortality assumptions are based upon industry standards adjusted as appropriate to reflect our actual experience and future expectations. The assumptions vary by year of issue.

Policy reserves for interest-sensitive products are principally policyholder account values.

We perform loss recognition tests on our policy reserves annually, or more frequently if appropriate, using best estimate assumptions as of the date of the test, without a provision for adverse deviation. We group the policy reserves for each major product line within a segment when we perform the loss recognition tests. If the policy reserves determined using these best estimate assumptions are higher than our existing policy reserves net of any deferred acquisition cost balance, the existing policy reserves are increased or deferred acquisition costs are reduced to immediately recognize the deficiency.

Claim reserves represent future policy and contract benefits for claims that have been incurred or are estimated to have been incurred but not yet reported to us. Our claim reserves relate primarily to disability policies and are calculated based on assumptions as to interest and claim resolution rates that are currently appropriate. Claim resolution rate assumptions are based on our actual experience. The interest rate assumptions used for discounting claim reserves are based on projected portfolio yield rates, after consideration for defaults and investment expenses, for the assets supporting the liabilities for the various product lines. Unlike policy reserves, claim reserves are subject to revision as current claim experience and projections of future experience change.

Policyholders’ Funds: Policyholders’ funds represent customer deposits plus interest credited at contract rates. We control interest rate risk by investing in quality assets which have an aggregate duration that closely matches the expected duration of the liabilities.

Income Tax: Deferred taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial statement purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Deferred taxes have been measured using enacted statutory income tax rates and laws that are currently in effect. We record deferred tax assets for tax positions taken in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on our assessment of whether a position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination based solely on its technical merits. A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that an amount will not be realized.

Deferred Gain or Loss on Reinsurance: Where applicable, gains or losses on reinsurance transactions are deferred and amortized into earnings based upon expected future premium income for traditional insurance policies and estimated future gross profits for interest-sensitive insurance policies. The deferred gain on reinsurance included in other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2007 and 2006 was $177.8 million and $181.3 million, respectively.

Premium Tax Expense: Premium tax expense is included in other operating expenses in the consolidated statements of income. For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, premium tax expense was $130.8 million, $140.5 million, and $137.4 million, respectively.

Separate Accounts: The separate account amounts shown in our consolidated balance sheets represent contributions by contract holders to variable-benefits and fixed-benefits pension plans. The contract purchase payments and the assets of the separate accounts are segregated from other funds for both investment and administrative purposes. Contract purchase payments received under variable annuity contracts are subject to deductions for sales and administrative fees. Also, the sponsoring companies of the separate accounts receive management fees based on the net asset values of the separate accounts.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies - Continued

 

Translation of Foreign Currency: Revenues and expenses of our foreign operations are translated at average exchange rates. Assets and liabilities are translated at the rate of exchange on the balance sheet date. The translation gain or loss is generally reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of deferred tax.

Accounting for Participating Individual Life Insurance: Participating policies issued by one of our subsidiaries prior to its 1986 conversion from a mutual to a stock life insurance company will remain participating as long as the policies remain in force. A Participation Fund Account (PFA) was established for the benefit of all such individual participating life and annuity policies and contracts. The assets of the PFA provide for the benefit, dividend, and certain expense obligations of the participating individual life insurance policies and annuity contracts. The PFA was $362.0 million and $349.8 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, and represented approximately 0.7 percent of consolidated assets and 0.8 and 0.7 percent of consolidated liabilities at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted:

Effective January 1, 2007, we adopted the provisions of Statement of Position 05-1 (SOP 05-1), Accounting by Insurance Enterprises for Deferred Acquisition Costs in Connection With Modifications or Exchanges of Insurance Contracts. SOP 05-1 provides guidance on accounting by insurance enterprises for deferred acquisition costs on internal replacements of insurance and investment contracts other than those specifically described in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 97, Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain Long-Duration Contracts and for Realized Gains and Losses from the Sale of Investments. An internal replacement is defined as a modification in product benefits, features, or coverages that occurs by the exchange or replacement of an existing insurance policy for a new policy. The cumulative effect of applying the provisions of SOP 05-1 decreased our 2007 opening balance of retained earnings $445.2 million.

Effective January 1, 2007, we adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109 (SFAS 109). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with SFAS 109. Unlike SFAS 109, FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Additionally, FIN 48 provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. The cumulative effect of applying the provisions of FIN 48 increased our 2007 opening balance of retained earnings $22.7 million.

Effective January 1, 2007, we adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 155 (SFAS 155), Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments, an amendment of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards Nos. 133 (SFAS 133) and 140 (SFAS 140). SFAS 155: (a) permits fair value remeasurement for any hybrid financial instrument that contains an embedded derivative that otherwise would require bifurcation; (b) clarifies which interest-only strips and principal-only strips are not subject to the requirements of SFAS 133; (c) establishes a requirement to evaluate beneficial interests in securitized financial assets to identify interests that are freestanding derivatives or that are hybrid financial instruments that contain an embedded derivative requiring bifurcation; (d) clarifies that concentrations of credit risk in the form of subordination are not embedded derivatives; and, (e) eliminates restrictions on a qualifying special-purpose entity’s ability to hold passive derivative financial instruments that pertain to beneficial interests that are or contain a derivative financial instrument. The adoption of SFAS 155 did not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.

Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004) (SFAS 123(R)), Share-Based Payment, which is a revision to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (SFAS 123), Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. SFAS 123(R) focuses primarily on accounting for transactions in which an entity obtains employee service in exchange for share-based payments. Under SFAS 123(R), share-based awards that do not require future service (i.e., vesting awards) are expensed immediately. Share-based employee

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies - Continued

 

awards that require future service are amortized over the relevant service period. We adopted SFAS 123(R) using the modified prospective transition method. In accordance with the modified prospective transition method, the provisions are generally applied only to share-based awards granted subsequent to adoption. Prior to adoption of SFAS 123(R), the unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock awards was reported as additional paid-in capital and deferred compensation, a contra equity account. The value of this contra equity account at the adoption of SFAS 123(R) was $13.8 million. The adoption of SFAS 123(R) did not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.

Had we applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123 as of its original effective date, pro forma net income for the year ended December 31, 2005 would have been $513.1 million, and net income per common share – basic would have been $1.73. Net income per common share – assuming dilution would not have changed.

Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Staff Position No. FAS 115-1 (FSP 115-1), The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments, which addresses the determination of when an investment is considered impaired, whether the impairment is other than temporary, and the measurement of an impairment loss. FSP 115-1 also includes accounting considerations subsequent to the recognition of other-than-temporary impairment and requires certain disclosures about unrealized losses. The adoption of FSP 115-1 did not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.

Effective December 31, 2006, we adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158 (SFAS 158), Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R). SFAS 158 requires an employer to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans as an asset or liability in its balance sheet and to recognize changes in that funded status through comprehensive income. Also, under SFAS 158, defined benefit pension and other postretirement plan assets and obligations are to be measured as of the date of the employer’s fiscal year-end. The adoption of SFAS 158 resulted in the following adjustments to our balance sheet: a decrease in other assets of $55.0 million, a decrease in deferred income tax of $40.3 million, an increase in other liabilities of $69.4 million, and a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income of $84.1 million. The adoption of SFAS 158 had no effect on our results of operations.

Accounting Pronouncements Outstanding:

Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157 (SFAS 157), Fair Value Measurements, was issued in September 2006. SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. We will adopt the provisions of SFAS 157 effective January 1, 2008. The adoption of SFAS 157 will not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.

Note 2 - Discontinued Operations

As discussed in Note 1, the sale of GENEX closed effective March 1, 2007, and we recognized an after-tax gain of $6.2 million on the sale, which is included in income from discontinued operations in our statements of income. We intend to continue to purchase certain disability management services for a period of up to five years from the effective date of the sale. The cost of the services to be purchased was negotiated in an arms-length transaction. Intercompany amounts paid to GENEX for these types of services was $2.3 million for the two months ended February 28, 2007, and $15.4 million and $15.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The cost of these services is not significant to our results of operations.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 2 - Discontinued Operations - Continued

 

GENEX was accounted for as an asset held for sale at December 31, 2006. The results of GENEX which were previously reported in the Other segment, are reported as discontinued operations and excluded from segment results for all periods.

Selected results for GENEX are as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31
     2007    2006    2005
     (in millions of dollars, except share data)

Total Revenue

   $ 47.2    $ 183.5    $ 177.9
                    

Income Per Common Share

        

Basic

   $ 0.02    $ 0.02    $ 0.03

Assuming Dilution

   $ 0.02    $ 0.02    $ 0.03

Assets and liabilities for discontinued operations as reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are comprised of the following at December 31, 2006 (in millions of dollars):

 

Other Assets

  

Cash and Bank Deposits

   $ 3.1  

Accounts and Premiums Receivable

     29.6  

Goodwill

     71.1  

Property and Equipment

     4.7  

Other Assets

     3.8  
        

Other Assets - Discontinued Operations

   $ 112.3  
        

Other Liabilities

  

Income Tax Payable

   $ (0.6 )

Deferred Income Tax

     8.4  

Other Liabilities

     21.2  
        

Other Liabilities - Discontinued Operations

   $ 29.0  
        

Note 3 - Fair Values of Financial Instruments

We use the following methods and assumptions in estimating the fair values of our financial instruments:

Fixed Maturity Securities: Fair values are based on quoted market prices, where available. For fixed maturity securities not actively traded, fair values are estimated using values obtained from independent pricing services. For private placements, fair values are estimated using internally prepared valuations combining matrix pricing with vendor purchased software programs, including valuations based on estimates of future profitability. Additionally, we obtain prices from independent third-party brokers to establish valuations for certain of these securities. See Note 4 for the amortized cost and fair values of securities by security type and by maturity date.

Derivatives: Fair values are based on market quotes or pricing models and represent the net amount of cash we would have received or paid if the contracts had been settled or closed as of the last day of the year.

DIG Issue B36 Embedded Derivatives: Fair values are estimated using internal pricing models and represent the hypothetical value of the duration mismatch of assets and liabilities, interest rate risk, and third party credit risk embedded in certain reinsurance agreements we have entered.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 3 - Fair Values of Financial Instruments - Continued

 

Mortgage Loans: Fair values are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses and interest rates currently being offered for similar mortgage loans to borrowers with similar credit ratings and maturities. Mortgage loans with similar characteristics are aggregated for purposes of the calculations.

Policy Loans and Other Long-term Investments: Carrying amounts approximate fair value.

Short-term Investments: Carrying amounts for short-term investments, which generally consist of investment-grade corporate commercial paper, U.S. Treasury bills, and bank term deposits, approximate fair value.

Policyholders’ Funds: Carrying amounts for deferred annuity products and other policyholders’ funds, which include guaranteed investment contracts (GICs) and supplementary contracts without life contingencies, approximate fair value.

Fair values for insurance contracts other than investment contracts are not required to be disclosed. However, the fair values of liabilities under all insurance contracts are taken into consideration in our overall management of interest rate risk, which minimizes exposure to changing interest rates through the matching of investment maturities with amounts due under insurance contracts.

Short-term and Long-term Debt: Fair values are obtained from independent pricing services or discounted cash flow analyses based on current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

The carrying values of financial instruments such as cash and bank deposits, accounts and premiums receivable, accrued investment income, and accounts payable approximate the fair values due to the short-term nature of the instruments. As such, these financial instruments are not included in the following chart.

 

     December 31
(in millions of dollars)
 
     2007     2006  
     Carrying
Amount
    Fair
Value
    Carrying
Amount
    Fair
Value
 

Assets

        

Fixed Maturity Securities

        

Available-for-Sale

   $ 35,814.6     $ 35,814.6     $ 35,055.5     $ 35,055.5  

Derivatives Hedging Available-for-Sale

     (91.1 )     (91.1 )     (42.5 )     (42.5 )

DIG Issue B36 Embedded Derivatives

     (68.8 )     (68.8 )     (11.5 )     (11.5 )

Mortgage Loans

     1,068.9       1,079.8       944.0       949.7  

Policy Loans

     2,617.7       2,617.7       3,429.5       3,429.5  

Other Long-term Investments

     104.7       104.7       122.0       122.0  

Short-term Investments

     1,486.8       1,486.8       648.4       648.4  

Liabilities

        

Policyholders’ Funds

        

Deferred Annuity Products

   $ 855.8     $ 855.8     $ 1,019.9     $ 1,019.9  

Other

     411.5       411.5       470.3       470.3  

Short-term Debt

     175.0       175.3       —         —    

Long-term Debt

     2,515.2       2,673.8       2,659.6       2,862.0  

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 4 - Investments

 

Fixed Maturity Securities

The amortized cost and fair values of securities by security type are shown as follows.

 

     December 31, 2007
(in millions of dollars)
 
     Amortized
Cost
   Gross
Unrealized
Gain
   Gross
Unrealized
Loss
   Fair
Value
 

Available-for-Sale Securities

           

United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities

   $ 2,329.0    $ 133.5    $ 28.6    $ 2,433.9  

States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions

     40.4      0.9      —        41.3  

Foreign Governments

     1,086.4      116.2      6.4      1,196.2  

Public Utilities

     5,113.8      239.8      117.8      5,235.8  

Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities

     4,006.8      237.6      6.9      4,237.5  

Derivatives Hedging Available-for-Sale

     1.1      140.4      232.6      (91.1 )

All Other Corporate Bonds

     21,653.3      1,152.8      521.0      22,285.1  

Redeemable Preferred Stocks

     398.4      17.7      31.3      384.8  
                             

Total

   $ 34,629.2    $ 2,038.9    $ 944.6      35,723.5  
                       

Fair Value of DIG Issue B36 Embedded Derivatives

              (68.8 )
                 

Total Fixed Maturity Securities

            $ 35,654.7  
                 
     December 31, 2006
(in millions of dollars)
 
     Amortized
Cost
   Gross
Unrealized
Gain
   Gross
Unrealized
Loss
   Fair Value  

Available-for-Sale Securities

           

United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities

   $ 2,587.0    $ 71.5    $ 67.2    $ 2,591.3  

States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions

     42.9      0.9      —        43.8  

Foreign Governments

     803.1      103.9      7.6      899.4  

Public Utilities

     4,748.4      311.2      73.7      4,985.9  

Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities

     3,765.6      222.0      13.8      3,973.8  

Derivatives Hedging Available-for-Sale

     3.5      119.8      165.8      (42.5 )

All Other Corporate Bonds

     21,049.3      1,389.6      322.7      22,116.2  

Redeemable Preferred Stocks

     414.3      33.3      2.5      445.1  
                             

Total

   $ 33,414.1    $ 2,252.2    $ 653.3      35,013.0  
                       

Fair Value of DIG Issue B36 Embedded Derivatives

              (11.5 )
                 

Total Fixed Maturity Securities

            $ 35,001.5  
                 

Of the $944.6 million in gross unrealized losses on fixed maturity securities and the derivatives that hedge these securities at December 31, 2007, $799.6 million, or 84.6 percent, are related to investment-grade fixed maturity securities. Unrealized losses on investment-grade fixed maturity securities principally relate to changes in interest rates or changes in market or sector credit spreads which occurred subsequent to the acquisition of the securities.

The gross unrealized loss on below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities was $145.0 million at December 31, 2007, or 15.4 percent, of the total gross unrealized loss on fixed maturity securities. Generally, below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities are more likely to develop credit concerns.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 4 - Investments - Continued

 

The following charts indicate the length of time our fixed maturity securities had been in a gross unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2007 and 2006.

 

     December 31, 2007
(in millions of dollars)
     Less Than 12 Months    12 Months or Greater
     Fair
Value
    Gross
Unrealized
Loss
   Fair
Value
    Gross
Unrealized
Loss

Description

         

United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities

   $ —       $ —      $ 840.4     $ 28.6

Foreign Governments

     128.8       1.9      337.2       4.5

Public Utilities

     983.7       26.0      1,521.1       91.9

Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities

     218.7       1.7      270.1       5.2

Derivatives Hedging Available-for-Sale

     —         —        (232.6 )     232.6

All Other Corporate Bonds

     3,245.0       125.8      6,273.2       395.1

Redeemable Preferred Stocks

     91.7       8.1      106.5       23.2
                             

Total

   $ 4,667.9     $ 163.5    $ 9,115.9     $ 781.1
                             
     December 31, 2006
(in millions of dollars)
     Less Than 12 Months    12 Months or Greater
     Fair
Value
    Gross
Unrealized
Loss
   Fair
Value
    Gross
Unrealized
Loss

Description

         

United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities

   $ 1,068.3     $ 42.6    $ 311.7     $ 24.6

Foreign Governments

     278.4       7.6      —         —  

Public Utilities

     871.3       15.5      1,019.3       58.2

Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities

     165.6       1.3      571.4       12.5

Derivatives Hedging Available-for-Sale

     (36.3 )     36.3      (129.5 )     129.5

All Other Corporate Bonds

     4,283.1       84.0      3,801.3       238.7

Redeemable Preferred Stocks

     71.5       0.9      55.7       1.6
                             

Total

   $ 6,701.9     $ 188.2    $ 5,629.9     $ 465.1
                             

As of December 31, 2007, we held 482 individual investment-grade fixed maturity securities and 89 individual below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities that were in an unrealized loss position, of which 353 investment-grade fixed maturity securities and 33 below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities had been in an unrealized loss position continuously for over one year.

In determining when a decline in fair value below amortized cost of a fixed maturity security is other than temporary, we evaluate the following factors:

 

   

The probability of recovering principal and interest.

 

   

Our ability and intent to retain the security for a sufficient period of time for it to recover.

 

   

Whether the security is current as to principal and interest payments.

 

   

The significance of the decline in value.

 

   

The time period during which there has been a significant decline in value.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 4 - Investments - Continued

 

   

Current and future business prospects and trends of earnings.

 

   

The valuation of the security’s underlying collateral.

 

   

Relevant industry conditions and trends relative to their historical cycles.

 

   

Market conditions.

 

   

Rating agency actions.

 

   

Bid and offering prices and the level of trading activity.

 

   

Adverse changes in estimated cash flows for securitized investments.

 

   

Any other key measures for the related security.

If we determine that the decline in value of an investment is other than temporary, the investment is written down to fair value, and an impairment loss is recognized in the current period to the extent of the decline in value. For those fixed maturity securities with an unrealized loss and on which we have not recorded an impairment write-down, we believe that the decline in fair value below amortized cost is temporary.

The amortized cost and fair values of fixed maturity securities by maturity date are shown as follows. The maturity dates have not been adjusted for possible calls or prepayments.

 

     December 31, 2007
(in millions of dollars)
     Amortized
Cost
   Fair
Value

Available-for-Sale Securities

     

1 year or less

   $ 260.2    $ 305.0

Over 1 year through 5 years

     3,494.3      3,613.5

Over 5 years through 10 years

     7,814.1      7,681.6

Over 10 years

     19,053.8      19,817.1
             
     30,622.4      31,417.2

Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities

     4,006.8      4,237.5
             

Total

   $ 34,629.2    $ 35,654.7
             

At December 31, 2007, the total investment in below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities was $2,023.8 million or 5.3 percent of the fair value of invested assets excluding ceded policy loans. The amortized cost of these securities was $2,129.9 million.

We have two special purpose entities which support our investment objectives and which are consolidated under the provisions of Interpretation No. 46 (FIN 46(R)), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin (ARB) No. 51. These entities are securitized asset trusts and contain specific financial instruments that do not include our common stock or debt. One of these entities is a trust holding forward contracts to purchase unrelated equity securities. This trust also holds a defeasance swap contract for highly rated bonds to provide principal protection for the investments. The fair values of the underlying forward and swap contracts equaled $79.8 million as of December 31, 2007, and are reported as fixed maturity securities in the consolidated balance sheets. The second entity is a trust containing a highly rated bond for principal protection and several partnership equity investments. We contributed the bond and partnership investments into the trust at the time it was established. The purpose of this trust was to allow us to maintain our investment in the partnerships while at the same time protecting the principal of the investment. The fair values of the bond and partnerships were $89.6 million and $26.2 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2007, and are reported as fixed maturity securities and other long-term investments, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 4 - Investments - Continued

 

We have a significant investment in, but are not the primary beneficiary of, a special purpose entity which is a collateralized bond obligation asset trust (CBO) in which we hold interests in several of the tranches and for which we act as investment manager of the underlying securities. This special purpose entity does not meet the consolidation requirements of FIN 46(R). We issued the CBO in 1998, and its purpose is to securitize high yield bonds and earn a spread over the cost of the funds from the different tranches issued. The outstanding balance of all tranches at December 31, 2007 was $100.2 million, $54.7 million of which is held by third parties. These third parties have no recourse against us. The total fair value of the underlying securities in the CBO was $27.1 million at December 31, 2007. The fair value of our investment in the CBO, and therefore our maximum exposure to loss, was $12.0 million at December 31, 2007. This investment is reported as a fixed maturity security in the consolidated balance sheets.

At December 31, 2007, we had commitments of approximately $35.9 million to fund certain of our private placement fixed maturity and equity securities. The funds are due upon satisfaction of contractual notice from the issuer. These amounts may or may not be funded during the term of the securities.

In the normal course of business, we receive collateral from unaffiliated third parties through transactions which include both securities lending and also short-term agreements to purchase securities with the agreement to resell them at a later, specified date. For both types of transactions, we require that a minimum of 102 percent of the fair value of the securities loaned or securities purchased under repurchase agreements be maintained as collateral. Generally, cash is received as collateral under these agreements. In the event that securities are received as collateral, we are not permitted to sell or repledge them. We also pledge our fixed maturity securities as collateral to unaffiliated third parties through transactions including both securities lending and also short-term agreements to sell securities with the agreement to repurchase them at a later, specified date. At December 31, 2007, the carrying value of fixed maturity securities pledged as collateral to third parties under these programs was $2.0 million. See Note 5 for discussion of collateral pledged to our derivatives counterparties.

Mortgage Loans

At December 31, 2007, mortgage loans were collateralized by office buildings (39.1 percent), industrial buildings (30.9 percent), retail stores (16.5 percent), and other properties (13.5 percent). Our mortgage loan portfolio is geographically dispersed within the United States, with the largest concentrations in Pennsylvania (13.2 percent) and California (13.9 percent).

Mortgage loans are impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. We did not have any impaired mortgage loans as of December 31, 2007. At December 31, 2006, impaired mortgage loans totaled $2.8 million.

At December 31, 2007, we had commitments of approximately $22.8 million for commercial mortgage loan originations. The funds will be due at closing of the mortgage loans.

Investment Valuation Allowances

At December 31, 2007 and 2006, we had real estate investment allowances totaling $7.6 million. We had no changes to the allowance during 2007 and 2006. Deductions for allowances released upon disposal or restructuring totaled $1.7 million in 2005.

We had no valuation allowance for mortgage loans at December 31, 2007. The balance in the valuation allowance for mortgage loans was $0.5 million at December 31, 2006. Increases (decreases) to the allowance during 2007 and 2006 were $(0.5) million and $0.5 million, respectively. There were no changes during 2005.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 4 - Investments - Continued

 

Net Investment Income

Sources for net investment income are as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31
     2007    2006    2005
     (in millions of dollars)

Fixed Maturity Securities

   $ 2,315.2    $ 2,262.0    $ 2,151.3

Mortgage Loans

     64.3      54.6      43.0

Real Estate

     0.5      1.0      0.4

Policy Loans

     12.7      12.6      17.4

Other Long-term Investments

     6.8      8.4      8.5

Short-term Investments

     49.5      21.0      10.8
                    

Gross Investment Income

     2,449.0      2,359.6      2,231.4

Less Investment Expenses

     17.0      21.0      19.9

Less Investment Income on PFA Assets

     22.1      18.0      23.2
                    

Net Investment Income

   $ 2,409.9    $ 2,320.6    $ 2,188.3
                    

Realized Investment Gain and Loss

Realized investment gains (losses) are as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     2006     2005  
     (in millions of dollars)  

Fixed Maturity Securities

      

Gross Gains

   $ 56.0     $ 68.3     $ 74.4  

Gross Losses

     (82.8 )     (71.1 )     (95.7 )

Mortgage Loans, Real Estate, and Other Invested Assets

     19.0       10.3       22.8  

Change in Fair Value of DIG Issue B36 Derivatives

     (57.3 )     (5.3 )     (7.9 )

Other Derivatives

     (0.1 )     —         (0.3 )
                        

Realized Investment Gain (Loss)

   $ (65.2 )   $ 2.2     $ (6.7 )
                        

Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments

We use swaps, forwards, futures, and options to hedge interest rate and currency risks and to match assets with our insurance liabilities.

Derivative Risks

The basic types of risks associated with derivatives are market risk (that the value of the derivative will be adversely impacted by changes in the market, primarily the change in interest and exchange rates) and credit risk (that the counterparty will not perform according to the terms of the contract). The market risk of the derivatives should generally offset the market risk associated with the hedged financial instrument or liability.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments - Continued

 

To help limit the credit exposure of the derivatives, we enter into master netting agreements with our counterparties whereby contracts in a gain position can be offset against contracts in a loss position. We also typically enter into bilateral, cross-collateralization agreements with our counterparties to help limit the credit exposure of the derivatives. These agreements require the counterparty in a loss position to submit acceptable collateral with the other counterparty in the event the net loss position meets or exceeds an agreed upon amount. Our current credit exposure on derivatives, which is limited to the value of those contracts in a net gain position less collateral held, was $47.9 million at December 31, 2007. The carrying value of fixed maturity securities pledged as collateral to our counterparties was $265.8 million at December 31, 2007.

Hedging Activity

The table below summarizes by notional amounts the activity for each category of derivatives.

 

     Swaps               
     Receive
Fixed/Pay
Fixed
   Receive
Fixed/Pay
Variable
   Forwards    Options    Total
     (in millions of dollars)

Balance at December 31, 2004

   $ 707.3    $ 3,127.0    $ 176.6    $ 785.0    $ 4,795.9

Additions

     400.0      560.0      278.4      31.0      1,269.4

Terminations

     16.9      927.0      46.9      468.0      1,458.8
                                  

Balance at December 31, 2005

     1,090.4      2,760.0      408.1      348.0      4,606.5

Additions

     —        1,860.0      109.8      170.0      2,139.8

Terminations

     64.2      2,435.0      125.0      348.0      2,972.2
                                  

Balance at December 31, 2006

     1,026.2      2,185.0      392.9      170.0      3,774.1

Additions

     —        407.5      179.5      230.0      817.0

Terminations

     80.6      947.5      257.3      320.0      1,605.4
                                  

Balance at December 31, 2007

   $ 945.6    $ 1,645.0    $ 315.1    $ 80.0    $ 2,985.7
                                  

The following table summarizes the timing of anticipated settlements of interest rate swaps outstanding at December 31, 2007, whereby we receive a fixed rate and pay a variable rate. The weighted average interest rates assume current market conditions.

 

     2008     2009     2010     2011     2012     2013     Total  
     (in millions of dollars)  

Receive Fixed/ Pay Variable

              

Notional Value

   $ 485.0     $ 380.0     $ 240.0     $ 205.0     $ 185.0     $ 150.0     $ 1,645.0  

Weighted Average Receive Rate

     5.73 %     5.75 %     6.51 %     6.58 %     6.49 %     6.66 %     6.12 %

Weighted Average Pay Rate

     4.70 %     4.70 %     4.70 %     4.70 %     4.70 %     4.70 %     4.70 %

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments - Continued

 

Our freestanding derivatives all qualify as hedges and have been designated as cash flow hedges. Our significant cash flow hedging programs are described as follows.

We have executed a series of cash flow hedges for certain of our long-term product portfolios using forward starting interest rate swaps and forward contracts. The purpose of these hedges is to lock in the reinvestment rates on future anticipated cash flows through the year 2013 and protect us from the potential adverse impact of declining interest rates on the associated policy reserves. We plan on terminating these forward interest rate swaps and forward contracts at the time the projected cash flows are used to purchase fixed income securities. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, we had $1,645.0 million and $2,125.0 million, respectively, notional amount of the forward starting interest rate swaps outstanding under this program. We did not have any forward contracts outstanding under this program as of December 31, 2007 or 2006.

As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, we had $612.1 million and $658.4 million, respectively, notional amount of open current and forward foreign currency swaps to hedge fixed income foreign dollar denominated securities.

As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, we had $333.5 million and $367.8 million, respectively, notional amount of currency swaps and $216.3 million notional amount of forward currency contracts to hedge the foreign currency risk associated with the U.S. dollar denominated debt issued by one of our U.K. subsidiaries.

As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, we had $80.0 million and $170.0 million, respectively, notional amount of open options on forward interest rate swaps to lock in a reinvestment rate floor for the reinvestment of cash flows, through the year 2008, from renewals on policies with a one to two year minimum premium rate guarantee.

We have invested in certain structured fixed maturity securities that contain embedded derivatives with a notional amount of $98.8 and $176.6 million as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. These embedded derivatives represent forward contracts and are accounted for as cash flow hedges. The purpose of these forward contracts is to hedge the risk of changes in cash flows related to the anticipated purchase of certain equity securities in the years 2020 through 2022.

As of December 31, 2006 we had $60.0 million notional amount of an interest rate swap outstanding whereby we received a fixed rate of interest and paid a variable rate of interest. The purpose of this swap was to hedge the variable cash flows associated with a floating rate security we owned. The variable rate we paid on the swap was offset by the amount we received on the variable rate security. The swap and associated security matured in December 2007.

We also have embedded derivatives in modified coinsurance contracts recognized under DIG Issue B36. Due to the change in fair value of these embedded derivatives, we recognized $57.3 million, $5.3 million, and $7.9 million of net realized investment losses during 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively. One of the reinsurance contracts for which DIG Issue B36 was applicable was recaptured during 2005. Prior to recapture, we included in other assets a deposit asset for the applicable reinsurance contract. At the time of recapture, the receivable in the deposit asset was settled, the derivative was terminated, and the assets were recorded using the market value of $1,621.7 million that existed on that date. The difference in the book value transferred out of the deposit asset account, which was $1,472.7 million, and the market value recorded equaled the embedded derivative market value component of $149.0 million. The time value component of $9.4 million was recognized as a realized investment loss. The fair value of the embedded derivative related to the remaining applicable reinsurance contract was $(68.8) million as of December 31, 2007.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments - Continued

 

During 2007 and 2006, we entered into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge the variability of functional currency cash flows anticipated to be received related to the disposition of fixed maturity securities. In 2007 and 2006, we had $12.2 million and $15.2 million, respectively, notional amounts of these derivatives that were terminated, for cash, at the time the foreign currency proceeds were received.

During 2006, we completed a program to reset the interest rates of several receive fixed, pay variable forward starting interest rate swaps by terminating various existing swaps and adding new swaps at current market interest rates and identical cash flow dates. This allowed us to increase our utilization of cash flows as well as reduce our credit exposure to our counterparties. Under this program, we added and terminated swaps with a notional amount of $1,515.0 million each, resulting in a gain of $136.4 million which we reported in other comprehensive income (loss). The anticipated cash flows hedged by these derivatives are still probable, and the gains from the terminated swaps along with the replacement swaps continue to be highly effective cash flow hedges. These terminations and the associated gain are included in the hedging activity discussed in the following paragraph.

During the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, we recognized net gains of $26.0 million, $183.6 million, and $120.7 million, respectively, on the termination of cash flow hedges and reported $26.1 million, $183.6 million, and $121.0 million, respectively, in other comprehensive income (loss). During the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2005 we reported a net loss of $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, as a component of realized investment gains and losses. We amortized $20.2 million, $30.0 million, and $21.8 million of net deferred gains into net investment income during 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively. The estimated amount of net deferred gains to be amortized into operating earnings during 2008 is $20.4 million.

The notional amount of derivatives outstanding under the hedge programs was $2,985.7 million at December 31, 2007. For the year ended December 31, 2007, there was no material ineffectiveness related to our derivative holdings, and there was no component of the derivative instruments’ gain or loss excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. During 2007, we reclassified $0.1 million of net losses into earnings as a result of the discontinuance of cash flow hedges due to the improbability of the original forecasted transactions occurring as anticipated.

Note 6 - Acquisitions and Dispositions

Acquisitions

During 2005 GENEX acquired Independent Review Services, Inc., a provider of medical diagnostic networks and independent medical examinations, at a price of $3.5 million. Independent Review Services, Inc. was a wholly-owned subsidiary of GENEX and therefore included with the disposition of GENEX.

A reconciliation of value of business acquired is as follows:

 

     2007     2006     2005  
     (in millions of dollars)  

Balance at January 1

   $ 78.2     $ 78.5     $ 101.5  

Interest Accrued

     4.4       4.6       5.2  

Amortization

     (12.3 )     (12.6 )     (20.3 )

Foreign Currency

     0.9       7.7       (7.9 )
                        

Balance at December 31

   $ 71.2     $ 78.2     $ 78.5  
                        

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 6 - Acquisitions and Dispositions - Continued

 

The estimated net amortization of value of business acquired for each of the next five years is $8.5 million in 2008, $9.5 million in 2009, $9.8 million in each of the years 2010, 2011, and 2012. Amortization of value of business acquired is included in other expenses in the consolidated statements of income.

Dispositions

In March 2007, we completed the sale of GENEX. See Note 2 for further discussion.

During 2005, we completed the sale of Unum UK’s Netherlands branch. The gain on the sale was $5.7 million before tax and $4.0 million after tax.

Note 7 - Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses

Changes in the liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses are as follows:

 

     2007     2006     2005  
     (in millions of dollars)  

Balance at January 1

   $ 24,324.4     $ 23,047.7     $ 22,285.1  

Less Reinsurance Recoverable

     2,257.3       2,267.3       3,096.2  
                        

Net Balance at January 1

     22,067.1       20,780.4       19,188.9  

Recapture of Business - Note 13

     204.3       —         934.8  

Incurred Related to

      

Current Year

     4,836.9       5,204.4       5,188.3  

Prior Years

      

Interest

     1,199.9       1,149.5       1,066.9  

Incurred for Claim Reassessment Process

     65.8       396.4       52.7  

All Other Incurred

     174.3       228.5       390.2  

Foreign Currency

     33.7       292.2       (224.2 )
                        

Total Incurred

     6,310.6       7,271.0       6,473.9  
                        

Paid Related to

      

Current Year

     (1,460.5 )     (1,597.5 )     (1,692.1 )

Prior Years

     (4,581.3 )     (4,386.8 )     (4,125.1 )
                        

Total Paid

     (6,041.8 )     (5,984.3 )     (5,817.2 )
                        

Net Balance at December 31

     22,540.2       22,067.1       20,780.4  

Plus Reinsurance Recoverable

     2,249.8       2,257.3       2,267.3  
                        

Balance at December 31

   $ 24,790.0     $ 24,324.4     $ 23,047.7  
                        

The majority of the net balances are related to disability claims with long-tail payouts on which interest earned on assets backing liabilities is an integral part of pricing and reserving. Interest accrued on prior year reserves has been calculated on the opening reserve balance less one-half year’s cash payments at our average reserve discount rate used during 2007, 2006, and 2005.

Our “Incurred Related to Prior Years” includes adjustments to reserves for our claim reassessment process. We entered into settlement agreements with various state insurance regulators in the fourth quarter of 2004 and with the

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 7 - Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses - Continued

 

California Department of Insurance (DOI) in the third quarter of 2005. In connection with these settlement agreements, we increased our disability claim reserves $52.7 million in 2005. During 2006 and 2007, we further increased our disability claim reserves $396.4 million and $65.8 million, respectively, to reflect our revised estimate for costs associated with the claim reassessment process. “Paid Related to Prior Years” includes $248.0 million, $154.9 million, and $16.1 million in 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively, for these reserve charges. See Note 15 for further discussion of the settlement agreements and the claim reassessment process.

“Incurred Related to Prior Years – All Other Incurred” for 2007, 2006, and 2005 relates primarily to the recent variability in our claim resolution rate experience. Claim resolution rates are very sensitive to operational and environmental changes and can be volatile over short periods of time. During 2005 and 2006, we experienced quarter to quarter variability in our claim resolution rates. We believe this variability was primarily the result of a short-term reduction in the operating effectiveness of our Unum US and Individual Disability – Closed Block segment claims management performance. During 2007, we gained more stability in our claims management performance, and our claim resolution rates were more consistent with our long-term assumptions. Our claim resolution rate assumption used in determining reserves is our expectation of the resolution rate we will experience over the life of the block of business and will vary from actual experience in any one period, both favorably and unfavorably.

A reconciliation of policy and contract benefits and reserves for future policy and contract benefits as reported in the consolidated balance sheets to the liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses is as follows:

 

     December 31
     2007    2006    2005
     (in millions of dollars)

Policy and Contract Benefits

   $ 1,979.7    $ 2,220.4    $ 2,063.4

Reserves for Future Policy and Contract Benefits

     35,828.0      35,689.4      34,041.5
                    

Total

     37,807.7      37,909.8      36,104.9

Less:

        

Life Reserves for Future Policy and Contract Benefits

     6,937.2      7,753.1      7,471.3

Accident and Health Active Life Reserves

     5,221.2      4,869.2      4,464.6

Unrealized Adjustment to Reserves for Future Policy and Contract Benefits

     859.3      963.1      1,121.3
                    

Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses

   $ 24,790.0    $ 24,324.4    $ 23,047.7
                    

The unrealized adjustment to reserves for future policy and contract benefits reflects the changes that would be necessary to policyholder liabilities if the unrealized investment gains and losses related to the available-for-sale securities had been realized. Changes in these adjustments are reported as a component of other comprehensive income.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 8 - Income Tax

 

Total income tax expense (benefit) is allocated as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     2006     2005  
     (in millions of dollars)  

Income from Continuing Operations

   $ 324.8     $ 61.8     $ 189.9  

Income from Discontinued Operations

     10.9       5.8       6.1  

Stockholders’ Equity - Additional Paid-in Capital Stock-Based Compensation

     (5.8 )     —         (4.5 )

Stockholders’ Equity - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

      

Net Unrealized Gain on Securities

     (100.4 )     (273.1 )     (147.9 )

Net Gain on Cash Flow Hedges

     (6.0 )     (39.8 )     19.7  

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment

     —         (0.3 )     (0.2 )

Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs

     16.7       11.3       (6.7 )

Adjustment to Adopt SFAS 158

     —         (40.3 )     —    

Stockholders’ Equity - Retained Earnings

      

Adjustment to Adopt SOP 05-1

     (232.9 )     —         —    

Adjustment to Adopt FIN 48

     (22.7 )     —         —    
                        

Total Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

   $ (15.4 )   $ (274.6 )   $ 56.4  
                        

A reconciliation of the income tax expense (benefit) attributable to income from continuing operations before income tax, computed at U.S. federal statutory tax rates, to the income tax expense (benefit) as included in the consolidated statements of income, is as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     2006    2005  

Statutory Income Tax

   35.0 %   35.0%    35.0 %

Prior Year Taxes and FIN 48

   (0.2 )   (2.1)    (6.6 )

Tax-exempt Investment Income

   (1.0 )   (1.6)    (0.8 )

Foreign Net Operating Losses

   0.1     (17.9)    (0.2 )

Other Items, Net

   (1.3 )   (0.1)    —    
                 

Effective Tax

   32.6 %   13.3%    27.4 %
                 

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 8 - Income Tax - Continued

 

The net deferred income tax liability consists of the following:

 

     December 31
     2007    2006
     (in millions of dollars)

Deferred Tax Liability from Continuing Operations

     

Deferred Acquisition Costs

   $ 284.9    $ 542.9

Invested Assets

     62.1      144.5

Policy Reserves

     9.0      76.0

Other

     75.0      75.0
             

Gross Deferred Tax Liability

     431.0      838.4
             

Deferred Tax Asset from Continuing Operations

     

Employee Benefits

     148.3      188.1

Other

     36.6      89.4
             

Gross Deferred Tax Asset

     184.9      277.5

Less Valuation Allowance

     5.6      6.4
             

Net Deferred Tax Asset

     179.3      271.1
             

Net Deferred Tax Liability from Continuing Operations

     251.7      567.3

Net Deferred Tax Liability from Discontinued Operations

     —        8.4
             

Total Net Deferred Tax Liability

   $ 251.7    $ 575.7
             

Under the Life Insurance Company Tax Act of 1959, U.S. stock life insurance companies were required to maintain a policyholders’ surplus account containing the accumulated portion of income which had not been subjected to income tax in the year earned. The Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 required that no future amounts be added after 1983 to the policyholders’ surplus account and that any future distributions to shareholders from the account would become subject to federal income tax at the general corporate federal income tax rate then in effect. During 2004, the Homeland Investment Act of 2004 was enacted. The Homeland Investment Act of 2004 provided, in part, that distributions from policyholders’ surplus accounts during 2005 and 2006 would not be taxed.

The amount of the policyholders’ surplus accounts of our U.S. insurance subsidiaries at December 31, 2004, was approximately $228.8 million. Distributions made during 2005 by these life insurance subsidiaries, including dividend distributions, were deemed to occur first from the policyholders’ surplus accounts. As a result, our U.S. life insurance subsidiaries distributed as dividends the remaining balance of their policyholders’ surplus account to the holding company during 2005. This resulted in the elimination of a future potential tax of approximately $80.1 million which had not previously been provided for in current or deferred taxes because we considered the conditions under which such a tax would be paid to be remote.

The Homeland Investment Act of 2004 also provided a deduction of 85 percent of certain foreign earnings that were repatriated during 2005, up to a maximum of $500.0 million. For the portion of unremitted foreign earnings of our non-U.S. operations that had been considered to be permanently reinvested, we had not previously provided U.S. income taxes. During 2005, we repatriated $454.8 million in unremitted foreign earnings from our U.K. subsidiary. We recorded current taxes payable of approximately $15.3 million on those previously unremitted foreign earnings and recorded a tax benefit of approximately $18.6 million as a result of the reversal of the deferred tax liability related to the unremitted earnings. We consider the remaining amounts of unremitted earnings as permanently invested in our foreign subsidiaries. The determination of the tax liability related to the remaining unremitted earnings is not practicable.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 8 - Income Tax - Continued

 

Our consolidated statements of income include amounts subject to both domestic and foreign taxation. The income and related tax expense (benefit) are as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31
     2007    2006     2005
     (in millions of dollars)

Income Before Tax

       

United States - Federal

   $ 703.9    $ 249.0     $ 529.8

Foreign

     311.1      229.6       179.8
                     

Total

   $ 1,015.0    $ 478.6     $ 709.6
                     

Current Tax Expense

       

United States - Federal

   $ 214.0    $ 110.2     $ 69.9

Foreign

     72.9      43.9       50.3
                     

Total

     286.9      154.1       120.2

Deferred Tax Expense (Benefit)

       

United States - Federal

     38.6      (21.3 )     75.2

Foreign

     10.2      (65.2 )     0.6
                     

Total

     48.8      (86.5 )     75.8
                     

Total Income Tax Expense

   $ 335.7    $ 67.6     $ 196.0
                     

During 2007, the U.K. enacted a tax rate decrease from 30 percent to 28 percent. The tax benefit recognized in operations as a result of this decrease was $1.7 million.

The cumulative effect of applying the provisions of FIN 48 as of January 1, 2007 resulted in a $22.7 million decrease in our liability for unrecognized tax benefits, net of associated deferred tax assets. Our consolidated statements of income include the following changes in unrecognized tax benefits during 2007 (in millions of dollars):

 

Balance at January 1, 2007

   $ 67.4  

Tax Positions Related to Current Year

  

Additions

     104.6  

Subtractions

     (4.8 )

Tax Positions Related to Prior Years

  

Additions

     4.4  

Subtractions

     (10.6 )
        

Balance at December 31, 2007

     161.0  

Less Tax Attributable to Temporary Items Included Above

     (145.8 )
        

Total Unrecognized Tax Benefits that if Recognized Would Affect the Effective Tax Rate

   $ 15.2  
        

Included at January 1, 2007 are unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $19.2 million that, if recognized, would impact our effective tax rate. Included in the balance at January 1 and December 31, 2007, are $48.2 million and $145.8 million, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits for tax positions for which the ultimate deductibility is highly certain but for which there is uncertainty about the timing of such deductibility. Other than potential interest

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 8 - Income Tax - Continued

 

and penalties, the disallowance of the shorter deductibility period would not affect our results of operations but would accelerate the payment of cash to the taxing authority to an earlier period.

We recognize interest expense and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in tax expense net of federal income tax. The total amounts of accrued interest and penalties in the consolidated balance sheets as of January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2007 are $5.5 million and $7.5 million, respectively. We recognized $2.0 million of interest expense and penalties related to unrecognized tax expense in our consolidated statements of income during 2007. We had no changes to uncertain tax positions as a result of settlements or lapses in statutes of limitations during 2007. We do not expect a significant change in our existing liability for unrecognized tax benefits during the next 12 months.

We file federal and state income tax returns in the United States and in foreign jurisdictions. We are under continuous examination by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) with regard to our U.S. federal income tax returns. The current IRS examination covers our tax years 2002 through 2004 with a revenue agent’s report (RAR) expected to be issued by the IRS on those years during the first half of 2008.

Tax years subsequent to 2004 remain subject to examination by tax authorities in the U.S., and tax years subsequent to 2005 remain subject to examination in major foreign jurisdictions. We believe sufficient provision has been made for all proposed and potential adjustments for years that are not closed by the statute of limitations in all major tax jurisdictions and that any such adjustments would not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity, or results of operations. However, it is possible that the resolution of income tax matters could impact our results of operations for a particular future period.

During 2006, we reversed income tax liabilities of approximately $91.9 million related primarily to group relief benefits obtained from the use of net operating losses in a foreign jurisdiction in which our businesses operate as the result of final determinations on those years. Also included in 2006 operating results is income of $2.6 million before tax and $3.9 million after tax attributable to the receipt of interest and tax refunds on prior year tax items in excess of what was previously provided.

During 2005, the IRS completed its examination of tax years 1999 through 2001 and issued its RAR. Income tax liabilities of approximately $32.0 million that related primarily to interest on the timing of expense deductions were released in 2005, all of which was reflected as a reduction to income tax expense.

During 2005, we also recognized $3.0 million of income before tax and $2.0 million after tax as a result of refunds received from the IRS during the year. Additionally, we recognized an income tax benefit of approximately $10.8 million in connection with the finalization of income tax reviews of our U.K. subsidiaries.

As of December 31, 2007, we had no net operating loss carryforward in the U.S. As of December 31, 2007, we had net operating loss carryforwards in foreign jurisdictions of $5.6 million for which a full valuation allowance has been established because, in our judgment, we will most likely not realize a tax benefit for these losses. The $0.8 million change from 2006 in the valuation allowance is due primarily to the utilization of loss carryforwards during 2007 as well as the change in the enacted tax rate in the U.K.

Total income taxes paid during 2007, 2006, and 2005 were $189.9 million, $129.2 million, and $93.4 million, respectively.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 9 - Debt

 

Short-term debt at December 31, 2007 consists of the 5.997% notes due in May 2008. There was no short-term debt outstanding at December 31, 2006.

Long-term debt consists of the following:

 

     December 31
     2007    2006
     (in millions of dollars)

Senior Secured Notes, variable due 2037, callable at or above par

   $ 800.0    $ —  

Senior Secured Notes, variable due 2036, callable at or above par

     112.5      130.0

Adjustable Conversion-Rate Equity Security Units @ 8.25% due 2009

     —        300.0

Notes @ 7.25% due 2032, callable at or above par

     —        150.0

Notes @ 7.375% due 2032, callable at or above par

     39.5      250.0

Notes @ 6.75% due 2028, callable at or above par

     166.4      250.0

Notes @ 7.25% due 2028, callable at or above par

     200.0      200.0

Notes @ 7.0% due 2018, non-callable

     200.0      200.0

Notes @ 6.85%, due 2015, callable at or above par

     333.2      367.6

Notes @ 7.625% due 2011, callable at or above par

     225.1      325.0

Notes @ 5.859% due 2009

     150.0      —  

Notes @ 5.997% due 2008

     —        175.0

Junior Subordinated Debt Securities @ 7.405% due 2038

     226.5      250.0

Medium-term Notes @ 7.0% to 7.2% due 2023 to 2028, non-callable

     62.0      62.0
             

Total

   $ 2,515.2    $ 2,659.6
             

The 5.859% notes due 2009 and the junior subordinated debt securities due 2038 are callable under limited, specified circumstances. The remaining callable debt may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time. Collateralized debt, which consists of the senior secured notes, ranks highest in priority, followed by unsecured notes, which consists of notes and medium-term notes, followed by junior subordinated debt securities. The aggregate contractual principal maturities are $150.0 million in 2009, $225.1 million in 2011, and $2,140.4 million in 2015 and thereafter.

In October 2007, Northwind Holdings, LLC (Northwind Holdings), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Unum Group, issued $800.0 million of insured, senior, secured notes due 2037 (the Northwind notes) in a private offering. The Northwind notes bear interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus 0.78%. Northwind Holdings contributed the $800.0 million proceeds from the issuance of the Northwind notes to Northwind Reinsurance Company (Northwind Re), the sole subsidiary of Northwind Holdings, as a capital contribution. Northwind Re deposited the funds in a funding sub account (the Northwind Re funding sub account). No further deposits will be made into the Northwind Re funding sub account.

Northwind Re reinsured the risks attributable to specified individual disability insurance policies issued by or reinsured by Provident Life and Accident Insurance Company, Unum Life Insurance Company of America (Unum America), and The Paul Revere Life Insurance Company (collectively, the ceding insurers) pursuant to separate reinsurance agreements between Northwind Re and each of the ceding insurers. Assets held in the Northwind funding sub account will not be available to fund payments of principal or interest on the Northwind notes.

Northwind Holdings’ ability to meet its obligations to pay principal, interest, and other amounts due on the Northwind notes will be dependent principally on its receipt of dividends from Northwind Re. The ability of Northwind Re to pay such dividends will depend on its satisfaction of applicable regulatory requirements and the performance of the reinsured policies.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 9 - Debt - Continued

 

Recourse for the payment of principal, interest, and other amounts due on the Northwind notes is limited to the collateral for the Northwind notes and the other assets, if any, of Northwind Holdings. The collateral consists of a first priority, perfected security interest in (a) the debt service coverage account (Northwind DSCA) that is required to be maintained in accordance with the indenture pursuant to which the Northwind notes were issued (the Northwind indenture), (b) the capital stock of Northwind Re and the dividends and distributions on such capital stock, and (c) Northwind Holdings’ rights under the transaction documents related to the Northwind notes to which Northwind Holdings is a party. At December 31, 2007 the amounts in the Northwind DSCA was $43.7 million. None of Unum Group, the ceding insurers, Northwind Re, or any other affiliate of Northwind Holdings is an obligor or guarantor with respect to the Northwind notes.

Northwind Holdings is required to repay a portion of the outstanding principal under the Northwind notes at par on the quarterly scheduled payment dates under the Northwind notes in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) a targeted amortization amount as defined in the Northwind indenture and (ii) the amount of the remaining available funds in the Northwind DSCA minus an amount equal to the minimum balance that is required to be maintained in the Northwind DSCA under the Northwind indenture, provided that Northwind Holdings has sufficient funds available to pay its other expenses, including interest payments on the Northwind notes, and to maintain the minimum balance in the Northwind DSCA as required under the Northwind indenture.

In November 2006, Tailwind Holdings, LLC (Tailwind Holdings), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Unum Group, issued $130.0 million of insured, senior, secured notes due 2036 (the Tailwind notes) in a private offering. The Tailwind notes bear interest at a floating rate equal to the three-month LIBOR plus 0.35%. Tailwind Holdings contributed the $130.0 million proceeds from the issuance of the Tailwind notes to Tailwind Reinsurance Company (Tailwind Re), the sole subsidiary of Tailwind Holdings, as a capital contribution. Tailwind Re deposited the funds in a funding sub account (the Tailwind Re funding sub account). No further deposits will be made into the Tailwind Re funding sub account.

Tailwind Re reinsured Unum America’s liability with respect to certain specified long-term disability claims incurred between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2001 that were in payment status on January 1, 2006 pursuant to a reinsurance agreement between Tailwind Re and Unum America. Assets held in the Tailwind Re funding sub account will not be available to fund payments of principal or interest on the Tailwind notes, but will be held solely to satisfy any obligations of Tailwind Re to Unum America under the reinsurance agreement.

Tailwind Holdings’ ability to meet its obligations to pay principal, interest, and other amounts due on the Tailwind notes will be dependent principally on its receipt of dividends from Tailwind Re. The ability of Tailwind Re to pay such dividends will depend on its satisfaction of applicable regulatory requirements and the performance of the reinsured claims.

Recourse for the payment of principal, interest, and other amounts due on the Tailwind notes is limited to the collateral for the Tailwind notes and the other assets, if any, of Tailwind Holdings. The collateral consists of a first priority, perfected security interest in (a) the debt service coverage account (Tailwind DSCA) that is required to be maintained in accordance with the indenture pursuant to which the Tailwind notes were issued (the Tailwind indenture), (b) the capital stock of Tailwind Re and the dividends and distributions on such capital stock, and (c) Tailwind Holdings’ rights under the transaction documents related to the Tailwind notes to which Tailwind Holdings is a party. At December 31, 2007 the amounts in the Tailwind DSCA was $12.5 million. None of Unum Group, Unum America, Tailwind Re, or any other affiliate of Tailwind Holdings is an obligor or guarantor with respect to the Tailwind notes.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 9 - Debt - Continued

 

Tailwind Holdings is required to repay a portion of the outstanding principal under the Tailwind notes at par on the quarterly scheduled payment dates under the Tailwind notes in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) a targeted amortization amount as defined in the Tailwind indenture and (ii) the amount of the remaining available funds in the Tailwind DSCA minus an amount equal to the minimum balance that is required to be maintained in the Tailwind DSCA under the Tailwind indenture, provided that Tailwind Holdings has sufficient funds available to pay its other expenses, including interest payments on the Tailwind notes, and to maintain the minimum balance in the Tailwind DSCA as required under the Tailwind indenture. During 2007, Tailwind Holdings made principal payments of $17.5 million on the Tailwind notes.

In November 2007, we purchased and retired $17.5 million of our outstanding 6.75% notes scheduled to mature in 2028. During December 2007, pursuant to a tender offer, we purchased and retired $23.5 million aggregate liquidation amount of the 7.405% junior subordinated debt securities due 2038; $99.9 million aggregate principal amount of the 7.625% notes due 2011; $210.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 7.375% notes due 2032; and $66.1 million aggregate principal amount of the 6.75% notes due 2028. We also called and retired all $150.0 million principal amount of our outstanding 7.25% notes scheduled to mature in 2032.

In June 2006, pursuant to a tender offer, we purchased and retired $50.0 million aggregate liquidation amount of our outstanding 7.405% junior subordinated debt securities due 2038 and $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of our outstanding 7.625% notes due 2011.

In November 2005, UnumProvident Finance Company plc, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Unum Group, issued $400.0 million of 6.85% senior debentures due 2015 in a private offering and received net proceeds of $399.6 million. These debentures are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Unum Group. In June 2007 and December 2006, $34.5 million and $32.0 million of these debentures were redeemed, respectively.

In May 2004, Unum Group issued 12.0 million 8.25% adjustable conversion-rate equity security units (units) in a private offering for $300.0 million. We subsequently registered the privately placed securities for resale by the private investors. Each unit had a stated amount of $25 and consisted of (a) a contract pursuant to which the holder agrees to purchase, for $25, shares of Unum Group’s common stock on May 15, 2007 and which entitled the holder to contract adjustment payments at the annual rate of 3.165 percent, payable quarterly, and (b) a 1/40 or 2.5 percent ownership interest in a senior note issued by Unum Group due May 15, 2009 with a principal amount of $1,000, on which we paid interest at the initial annual rate of 5.085 percent, payable quarterly. The scheduled remarketing of the senior note element of these units occurred in February 2007, as stipulated by the terms of the original offering, and we reset the interest rate on $300.0 million of senior notes due May 15, 2009 to 5.859%. We purchased $150.0 million of the senior notes in the remarketing which were subsequently retired. In May 2007, we settled the purchase contract element of the units by issuing 17.7 million shares of common stock. We received proceeds of approximately $300.0 million from the transaction.

In May 2003, Unum Group issued 23.0 million 8.25% adjustable conversion-rate equity security units (units) in a public offering for $575.0 million. Each unit had a stated amount of $25 and initially consisted of (a) a contract pursuant to which the holder agreed to purchase, for $25, shares of Unum Group’s common stock on May 15, 2006 and which entitled the holder to contract adjustment payments at the annual rate of 2.25 percent, payable quarterly, and (b) a 1/40, or 2.5 percent, ownership interest in a senior note issued by Unum Group due May 15, 2008 with a principal amount of $1,000, on which we paid interest at the initial annual rate of 6.00 percent, payable quarterly. The scheduled remarketing of the senior note element of these units occurred in February 2006, as stipulated by the terms of the original offering, and we reset the interest rate on $575.0 million of senior notes due May 15, 2008 to 5.997%. We purchased $400.0 million of the senior notes in the remarketing which were subsequently retired. Upon settlement of the common stock purchase contract in May 2006, we received proceeds of approximately $575.0 million and issued 43.3 million shares of common stock.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 9 - Debt - Continued

 

In 1998, Provident Financing Trust I (the trust) issued $300.0 million of 7.405% capital securities in a public offering. These capital securities, which mature on March 15, 2038, are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Unum Group, have a liquidation value of $1,000 per capital security, and have a mandatory redemption feature under certain circumstances. Unum Group issued 7.405% junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures which mature on March 15, 2038, to the trust in connection with the capital securities offering. The sole assets of the trust are the junior subordinated debt securities.

In December 2007, we entered into $400.0 million 364 day unsecured revolving credit facility. Borrowings under the facility are for general corporate uses and are subject to financial covenants, negative covenants, and events of default that are customary. The facility provides for interest rates based on either the prime rate or LIBOR, as adjusted. At December 31, 2007, there were no amounts outstanding on the facility.

Unum Group has a shelf registration, which became effective in 2005, with the Securities and Exchange Commission to issue various types of securities, including common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, depository shares, stock purchase contracts, units and warrants, or preferred securities of wholly-owned finance trusts up to an aggregate of $1.0 billion. If utilized, the shelf registration will enable us to raise funds from the offering of any individual security covered by the shelf registration as well as any combination thereof, subject to market conditions and our capital needs. At December 31, 2007, we had $1.0 billion remaining on our shelf registration.

Interest paid on short-term and long-term debt and related securities during 2007, 2006, and 2005 was $184.1 million, $200.7 million, and $210.7 million, respectively.

The cost related to early retirement of debt during 2007 and 2006 decreased income approximately $58.8 million and $25.8 million, respectively, before tax, or $38.3 million and $16.9 million, respectively, after tax.

Note 10 - Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits

We sponsor several defined benefit pension and postretirement plans for our employees, including non-qualified pension plans. The U.S. plans comprise the majority of our total benefit obligation and benefit cost. We maintain a separate defined benefit plan for eligible employees in our U.K. operation.

Information presented as follows for our non U.S. plans previously included plans for the employees of our Canadian branch operation which was sold in 2004. In the third quarter of 2007, we terminated the Canadian defined pension plans which were frozen in 2004. The termination of these plans resulted in a reduction in our pension assets and pension liabilities of $15.1 million and a settlement cost of $0.3 million recognized in our net periodic benefit cost for 2007.

As a result of the sale of GENEX, we froze the pension plan benefits for the employees of GENEX during the first quarter of 2007, which resulted in a $7.2 million reduction in our pension liability and a curtailment loss of $0.2 million recognized in our net periodic benefit cost for 2007. The curtailment loss was comprised of a $0.6 million increase in our pension liability related to a termination benefit and a $0.4 million recognition of unamortized prior service credits. As of the date of the curtailment, we remeasured our U.S. pension plan obligation. The weighted average discount rate assumption used in the measurement of our U.S. pension plan benefit obligation changed from 6.10 percent as of our December 31, 2006 measurement date to 5.90 percent as of the measurement date of March 1, 2007. No other assumptions were materially changed. As a result of the remeasurement, our pension plan liability increased $35.6 million. The net effect of the curtailment and remeasurement was an increase in our pension plan liability of $29.0 million, a decrease in deferred income tax of $10.1 million, a decrease in income from discontinued operations of $0.2 million, and a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income of $18.7 million.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 10 - Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits - Continued

 

The following tables provide the changes in the benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets and statements of the funded status of the plans.

 

     Pension Benefits              
     U.S. Plans     Non U.S. Plans     Postretirement Benefits  
     2007     2006     2007     2006     2007     2006  
     (in millions of dollars)  

Change in Benefit Obligation

            

Benefit Obligation at Beginning of Year

   $ 886.8     $ 841.9     $ 194.0     $ 152.9     $ 192.5     $ 189.8  

Service Cost

     31.9       35.8       9.2       8.4       3.6       4.1  

Interest Cost

     54.2       48.4       9.7       8.0       11.0       10.0  

Plan Participant Contributions

     —         —         —         —         3.2       2.9  

Actuarial (Gain) Loss

     (44.1 )     (26.2 )     (7.8 )     9.9       (7.0 )     1.3  

Benefits and Expenses Paid

     (18.6 )     (13.1 )     (3.7 )     (4.3 )     (13.9 )     (15.6 )

Plan Amendments

     1.2       —         —         —         —         —    

Curtailment

     (7.2 )     —         —         —         —         —    

Divestiture

     —         —         (2.1 )     —         —         —    

Settlement

     —         —         (15.1 )     (0.9 )     —         —    

Special Termination Benefit Cost

     0.6       —         —         —         —         —    

Change in Foreign Exchange Rates

     —         —         3.7       20.0       —         —    
                                                

Benefit Obligation at End of Year

   $ 904.8     $ 886.8     $ 187.9     $ 194.0     $ 189.4     $ 192.5  
                                                

Accumulated Benefit Obligation at December 31

   $ 856.9     $ 824.4     $ 162.4     $ 171.4       N/A       N/A  
                                    

Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets

            

Fair Value of Plan Assets at Beginning of Year

   $ 658.5     $ 515.4     $ 184.3     $ 107.5     $ 12.0     $ 11.9  

Actual Return on Plan Assets

     31.0       61.0       7.7       10.2       0.4       0.5  

Employer Contributions

     113.4       95.2       11.4       53.5       10.3       12.3  

Plan Participant Contributions

     —         —         —         —         3.2       2.9  

Benefits and Expenses Paid

     (18.6 )     (13.1 )     (3.7 )     (4.3 )     (13.9 )     (15.6 )

Divestiture

     —         —         (1.9 )     —         —         —    

Settlement

     —         —         (15.1 )     (0.9 )     —         —    

Change in Foreign Exchange Rates

     —         —         3.5       18.3       —         —    
                                                

Fair Value of Plan Assets at End of Year

   $ 784.3     $ 658.5     $ 186.2     $ 184.3     $ 12.0     $ 12.0  
                                                

Unfunded Liability

   $ 120.5     $ 228.3     $ 1.7     $ 9.7     $ 177.4     $ 180.5  
                                                

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 10 - Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits - Continued

 

The amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets for our pension and postretirement benefit plans at December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:

 

    Pension Benefits              
    U.S. Plans     Non U.S. Plans     Postretirement Benefits  
    2007     2006     2007     2006     2007     2006  
                (in millions of dollars)              

Current Pension Liability

  $ 3.3     $ 3.0     $ —       $ —       $ 13.5     $ 13.5  

Noncurrent Pension Liability

    117.2       225.3       1.7       9.7       163.9       167.0  
                                               

Unfunded Liability

  $ 120.5     $ 228.3     $ 1.7     $ 9.7     $ 177.4     $ 180.5  
                                               

Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs

           

Net Actuarial Loss

  $ (255.2 )   $ (298.3 )   $ (55.4 )   $ (64.5 )   $ (6.7 )   $ (13.4 )

Prior Service Credit

    3.6       8.3       —         —         11.9       15.6  

Transition Asset

    —         —         0.2       0.3       —         —    
                                               
    (251.6 )     (290.0 )     (55.2 )     (64.2 )     5.2       2.2  

Deferred Income Tax Asset (Liability)

    89.7       101.6       15.2       18.9       (1.8 )     (0.7 )
                                               

Total Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

  $ (161.9 )   $ (188.4 )   $ (40.0 )   $ (45.3 )   $ 3.4     $ 1.5  
                                               

The following table provides the changes recognized in other comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2007.

 

     Pension Benefits     Postretirement  
     U.S. Plans     Non U.S. Plans     Benefits  
     (in millions of dollars)  

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) At Beginning of Year

   $ (188.4 )   $ (45.3 )   $ 1.5  

Net Actuarial Loss

      

Amortization

     19.2       3.0       —    

Curtailment

     7.2       —         —    

All Other Changes

     16.7       6.1       6.7  

Prior Service Credit

      

Amortization

     (3.1 )     —         (3.8 )

All Other Changes

     (1.6 )     —         0.1  

Transition Asset

      

Amortization

     —         (0.2 )     —    

All Other Changes

     —         0.1       —    

Change in Deferred Income Tax Asset (Liability)

     (11.9 )     (3.7 )     (1.1 )
                        

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) At End of Year

   $ (161.9 )   $ (40.0 )   $ 3.4  
                        

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 10 - Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits - Continued

 

The weighted average asset allocations, by asset category, for our funded pension plans are as follows:

 

     U.S. Plans     Non U.S. Plans  
     2007     2006     2007     2006  
     Target     Actual     Target     Actual     Target     Actual     Target     Actual  

Equity Securities

   55 - 65 %   58 %   55 - 65 %   61 %   60 %   56 %   60 %   50 %

Fixed Income Securities

   27 - 33     31     27 - 33     29     40     38     40     39  

Other

   8 - 12     11     8 - 12     10     —       6     —       11  
                                

Total

     100 %     100 %     100 %     100 %
                                

The investment portfolio for our U.S. pension plans during 2007 contained a diversified blend of large cap, mid cap, and small cap domestic equity securities, international equity securities, convertible securities, and investment-grade and below-investment-grade fixed income securities. Assets for our U.K. pension plan are invested in pooled funds, with approximately 56 percent in diversified growth assets including global equities, hedge funds, commodities, below-investment-grade fixed income securities, and currencies. The remainder of the assets for our U.K. plan is predominantly invested in fixed interest bonds and index linked bonds. Assets for life insurance benefits payable to certain former retirees covered under the postretirement benefits plan are invested primarily within life insurance contracts issued by one of our insurance subsidiaries. The terms of these contracts are consistent in all material respects with those the subsidiary offers to unaffiliated parties that are similarly situated.

Measurement Assumptions

We use a December 31 measurement date for each of our plans. The weighted average assumptions used in the measurement of our benefit obligations as of December 31 and our net periodic benefit costs for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

 

     Pension Benefits              
     U.S. Plans     Non U.S. Plans     Postretirement Benefits  
     2007     2006     2007     2006     2007     2006  

Benefit Obligations

            

Discount Rate

   6.50 %   6.10 %   5.80 %   5.10 %   6.30 %   5.90 %

Rate of Compensation Increase

   4.70 %   4.70 %   5.30 %   5.00 %   —       —    

Net Periodic Benefit Cost

            

Discount Rate

   5.90-6.10 %   5.80 %   5.10 %   4.82 %   5.90 %   5.50 %

Expected Return on Plan Assets

   8.00 %   8.00 %   6.80 %   6.58 %   5.75 %   5.75 %

Rate of Compensation Increase

   4.70 %   4.70 %   5.00 %   4.70 %   —       —    

We set the discount rate assumption annually for each of our pension-related benefit plans at the measurement date to reflect the yield of a portfolio of high quality long-term fixed income securities matched against the projected cash flows for future benefits.

 

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Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 10 - Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits - Continued

 

Our long-term rate of return on plan assets assumption is an estimate, based on statistical analysis, of the average annual assumed return that will be produced from the plan assets until current benefits are paid. Our expectations for the future investment returns of the asset categories were based on a combination of historical market performance and evaluations of investment forecasts obtained from external consultants and economists. The methodology underlying the return assumption included the various elements of the expected return for each asset class such as long-term rates of return, volatility of returns, and the correlation of returns between various asset classes. The expected return for the total portfolio was calculated based on the plan’s strategic asset allocation. Investment risk is measured and monitored on an ongoing basis through annual liability measurements, periodic asset/liability studies, and quarterly investment portfolio reviews. Risk tolerance is established through consideration of plan liabilities, plan funded status, and corporate financial condition. Our plans prohibit the use of derivative instruments.

The expected return assumption for the life insurance reserve for the postretirement benefits plan was 5.75 percent, which was based on full investment in fixed income securities with an average book yield of 6.30 percent and 6.39 percent for 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Our rate of compensation increase assumption is generally based on periodic studies of compensation trends.

For measurement purposes at December 31, 2007 and 2006, the annual rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered postretirement health care benefits assumed for the next calendar year was 9.00 percent for benefits payable to retirees prior to Medicare eligibility and 9.80 percent for benefits payable to Medicare eligible retirees. The rate was assumed to change gradually to 5.00 percent by the end of the fifth year and remain at that level thereafter. During 2005, we confirmed that all of our retiree medical plans qualify for a government subsidy under the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 and chose to defer coordination with the new prescription drug benefit until 2007. This change is reflected in our net periodic benefit cost.

The medical and dental premium used to determine the per retiree employer subsidy are capped. If the cap is not reached by the year 2015, the caps are then set equal to the year 2015 premium. Certain of the current retirees and all future retirees are subject to the cap.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 10 - Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits - Continued

 

Net Periodic Benefit Cost

The following table provides the components of the net periodic benefit cost for the plans described above for the years ended December 31.

 

     Pension Benefits                    
     U.S. Plans     Non U.S. Plans     Postretirement Benefits  
     2007     2006     2005     2007     2006     2005     2007     2006     2005  
     (in millions of dollars)  

Service Cost

   $ 31.9     $ 35.9     $ 35.2     $ 9.2     $ 8.4     $ 8.3     $ 3.6     $ 4.1     $ 4.2  

Interest Cost

     54.2       48.4       43.7       9.7       8.0       7.5       11.0       10.1       10.4  

Expected Return on Plan Assets

     (58.5 )     (44.0 )     (40.5 )     (12.2 )     (10.6 )     (6.6 )     (0.7 )     (0.7 )     (0.7 )

Amortization of:

                  

Net Actuarial Loss

     19.2       22.4       19.2       3.0       2.3       2.6       —         —         —    

Prior Service Credit

     (3.1 )     (3.1 )     (2.8 )     —         —         —         (3.8 )     (3.8 )     (3.8 )

Transition Asset

     —         —         —         (0.2 )     (0.1 )     (0.1 )     —         —         —    

Settlement Cost

     —         —         —         0.3       —         —         —         —         —    

Curtailment

     0.2       —         —         —         0.2       —         —         —         —    
                                                                        

Total

   $ 43.9     $ 59.6     $ 54.8     $ 9.8     $ 8.2     $ 11.7     $ 10.1     $ 9.7     $ 10.1  
                                                                        

A one percent increase or decrease in the assumed health care cost trend rate at December 31, 2007 would have increased (decreased) the service cost and interest cost by $0.6 million and $(0.5) million, respectively, and the postretirement benefit obligation by $6.9 million and $(6.1) million, respectively.

The unrecognized net actuarial loss, prior service credit, and transition asset included in accumulated other comprehensive income and expected to be amortized and included in net periodic pension cost during 2008 is $14.5 million before tax and $9.6 million after tax. The prior service credit expected to be amortized and included as a reduction to net periodic cost for postretirement plans during 2008 is $3.4 million before tax and $2.2 million after tax.

Benefit Payments

The following table provides expected benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate.

 

     Pension Benefits    Postretirement
Benefits

Year

   U.S. Plans    Non U.S. Plans   
     (in millions of dollars)

2008

   $ 17.0    $ 4.2    $ 14.4

2009

     18.6      4.6      15.4

2010

     20.9      5.2      16.1

2011

     23.2      5.8      16.6

2012

     26.8      6.4      16.7

2013 - 2017

     207.7      36.6      82.3

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 10 - Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits - Continued

 

Funding Policy

The funding policy for our U.S. qualified defined benefit plan is to contribute annually an amount at least equal to the minimum annual contribution required under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and other applicable laws, but generally not greater than the maximum amount that can be deducted for federal income tax purposes. We had no regulatory contribution requirements for 2007 and 2006; however, we elected to make voluntary contributions of $110.0 million and $92.0 million, respectively. We expect to make a voluntary contribution of approximately $55.0 million to our U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan in 2008, based on current pension funding law. The funding policy for the U.S. non-qualified defined benefit pension plan and postretirement plan is to contribute the amount of the benefit payments made during the year. We are required to contribute to our U.K. plan at the rate of at least 18.20 percent of eligible salaries sufficient to meet the minimum funding requirement under U.K. legislation. We made contributions of $10.5 million and $53.3 million in 2007 and 2006, respectively. We expect to make contributions of £5.4 million during 2008.

Our postretirement benefits plan represents a non-vested, non-guaranteed obligation, and current regulations do not require specific funding levels for these benefits, which are comprised of retiree life, medical, and dental benefits. It is our practice to use general assets to pay medical and dental claims as they come due in lieu of utilizing plan assets for the medical and dental benefit portions of our postretirement benefits plan.

Note 11 - Stockholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share

Common Stock

In October 2007, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $700.0 million of Unum Group’s common stock. At December 31, 2007, no common stock has been repurchased under this program. See Note 17 for further discussion.

We settled the purchase contract element of the 2004 and 2003 units in May 2007 and 2006 by issuing 17.7 million and 43.3 million shares of common stock, respectively. See Note 9 for further discussion.

Preferred Stock

Unum Group has 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized with a par value of $0.10 per share. No preferred stock has been issued to date.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 11 - Stockholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Common Share - Continued

 

Earnings Per Common Share

Net income per common share is determined as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31
     2007    2006    2005
     (in millions of dollars, except share data)

Numerator

        

Net Income

   $ 679.3    $ 411.0    $ 513.6
                    

Denominator (000s)

        

Weighted Average Common Shares - Basic

     352,969.1      324,654.9      295,776.4

Dilution for the Purchase Contract Element of the Adjustable Conversion-Rate Equity Security Units

     1,673.0      8,153.0      14,297.8

Dilution for Assumed Exercises of Stock Options and Nonvested Stock Awards

     1,134.4      1,553.8      2,438.4
                    

Weighted Average Common Shares - Assuming Dilution

     355,776.5      334,361.7      312,512.6
                    

Net Income Per Common Share

        

Basic

   $ 1.92    $ 1.27    $ 1.74

Assuming Dilution

   $ 1.91    $ 1.23    $ 1.64

We use the treasury stock method to account for the effect of the purchase contract element of the units, outstanding stock options, and nonvested stock awards on the computation of dilutive earnings per share. Under this method, these potential common shares will each have a dilutive effect, as individually measured, when the average market price of Unum Group’s common stock during the period exceeds the threshold appreciation price of the purchase contract element of the units, as described in Note 9, the exercise price of the stock options, as described in Note 12, or the grant price of the nonvested stock awards.

The purchase contract element of the units issued in 2004 and 2003 had a threshold appreciation price of $16.95 per share and $13.27 per share, respectively. The outstanding stock options have exercise prices ranging from $12.23 to $58.56, and the nonvested stock awards have grant prices ranging from $19.18 to $27.18.

In computing earnings per share assuming dilution, only potential common shares that are dilutive (those that reduce earnings per share) are included. Potential common shares not included in the computation of dilutive earnings per share because their impact would be antidilutive, based on current market prices, approximated 6.2 million, 8.2 million, and 12.1 million shares of common stock for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.

Note 12 - Stock-Based Compensation

Description of Stock Plans

Under the stock incentive plan of 2007, up to 35,000,000 shares of common stock are available for awards to our employees, officers, consultants, and directors. Awards may be in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units, and other stock-based awards. Each full value award, defined as any award other than a stock option or stock appreciation right, shall be counted as 2.7 shares. The exercise price for stock options issued cannot be less than the fair market value of the underlying common stock

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 12 - Stock-Based Compensation - Continued

 

as of the grant date. Stock options have a maximum term of ten years after the date of grant and generally vest after three years. At December 31, 2007, 31,486,483 shares were available for future grants.

Under the broad-based stock plan of 2002, up to 2,390,000 shares of common stock were available for stock option awards to our employees, officers, consultants, and brokers, excluding certain senior officers and directors. The plan was terminated in February 2004 for purposes of any further grants. The stock options have a maximum term of ten years after the date of grant and generally vest after three years.

Under the broad-based stock plan of 2001, up to 2,000,000 shares of common stock were available for stock option awards to our employees, officers, consultants, and brokers, excluding certain senior officers and directors. The plan was terminated in December 2007 for purposes of any further grants, other than reload grants, for which 20,000 shares were available at December 31, 2007. The stock options have a maximum term of ten years after the date of grant and generally vest after three years.

Under the stock plan of 1999, comprised of the Provident Companies, Inc. stock plan of 1999 and the UnumProvident Corporation stock plan of 1999, an aggregate of up to 17,500,000 shares of common stock were available for awards to our employees, officers, brokers, and directors. Awards could be in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, dividend equivalent awards, or any other right or interest relating to stock. The plan was terminated in May 2007 for purposes of any further grants, other than reload grants, for which 250,000 shares were available at December 31, 2007. Stock options have a maximum term of ten years after the date of grant and generally vest after three years.

Substantially all of our employees are eligible to participate in an employee stock purchase plan (ESPP). Under the plan, up to 3,460,000 shares of common stock are authorized for issuance, of which 1,611,500 remain available for issuance at December 31, 2007. Stock may be purchased at the end of each financial quarter at a purchase price of 85 percent of the lower of its beginning or end of quarter market prices.

We issue new shares of common stock for nonvested stock grants, exercise of stock options, and purchase of ESPP shares.

Nonvested Stock Awards

Nonvested share activity is summarized as follows:

 

     Shares
(000s)
    Weighted Average
Grant Date

Fair Value

Nonvested at December 31, 2006

   1,833     $ 18.68

Granted

   800       21.99

Vested

   (1,141 )     18.03

Forfeited

   (314 )     18.36
        

Nonvested at December 31, 2007

   1,178       21.65
        

Stock awards vest over a one to five year service period, beginning at the date of grant, and the compensation cost is recognized ratably during the vesting period. Compensation cost for stock awards subject to accelerated vesting upon retirement is recognized over the implicit service period for awards issued subsequent to 2005 and over the explicit service period (subject to acceleration upon actual retirement) for awards issued prior to 2006. We pay cash dividend equivalents on outstanding nonvested stock awards. The weighted average grant date fair values per share for nonvested stock awards granted during 2007, 2006, and 2005 were $21.99, $20.95, and $17.43, respectively.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 12 - Stock-Based Compensation - Continued

 

The total fair value of shares vested during 2007, 2006, and 2005 was $20.6 million, $12.6 million, and $2.4 million, respectively.

At December 31, 2007, we had $14.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock awards that will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.0 year. Prior to adoption of SFAS 123(R), this amount was reported as additional paid-in capital and deferred compensation, a contra equity account. The value of this contra equity account at the adoption of SFAS 123(R) was $13.8 million.

Performance Restricted Stock Units (PRSUs)

In September 2007, we issued 1,247,500 PRSUs with a grant date fair value of $15.99. Vesting for this grant is contingent upon meeting various company threshold performance and stock price conditions. Dividend equivalents on PRSUs are accrued in the form of additional restricted stock units. We had 1,251,385 PRSUs outstanding at December 31, 2007, all of which are nonvested.

At December 31, 2007, we had $15.8 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to PRSUs that will be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years. The PRSU expense and unrecognized compensation cost assume the performance goals are attained at 100 percent. Actual performance may result in zero to 100 percent of the units ultimately being earned. We used the accelerated method of amortization for recognizing compensation expense, which treats each of the three vesting tranches as a separate award over the expected life of the unit.

We estimated the fair value on the date of grant using the Monte-Carlo model. The following assumptions were used to value the 2007 grants:

 

   

Expected volatility of 29 percent, based on our historical daily stock prices.

 

   

Expected life of 4.4 years, which equals the maximum term.

 

   

Expected dividend yield of 1.24 percent, based on the dividend rate at the date of grant.

 

   

Risk-free interest rate of 3.97 percent, based on the yield of treasury bonds at the date of grant.

Stock Options

Stock option activity is summarized as follows:

 

     Shares
(000s)
    Weighted Average
Exercise Price
   Remaining
Contractual
Term
   Intrinsic
Value
(000s)

Outstanding at December 31, 2006

   9,705     $ 32.68      

Granted

   166       21.68      

Exercised

   (378 )     13.82      

Expired

   (1,790 )     35.10      
              

Outstanding at December 31, 2007

   7,703       32.81    2.3 Years    $ 13,171
              

Exercisable at December 31, 2007

   7,537     $ 33.06    2.2 Years    $ 12,821

All outstanding stock options at December 31, 2007 are expected to vest. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2007, 2006, and 2005 was $3.9 million, $0.9 million, and $1.9 million, respectively. The total fair value of options that vested during 2006 and 2005 was $0.5 million and $5.5 million, respectively. No stock options

 

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Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 12 - Stock-Based Compensation - Continued

 

vested in 2007. At December 31, 2007, we had $0.9 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options that will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.1 years.

The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during 2007 was $8.61. No stock options were granted during 2006 and 2005. We estimated the fair value on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The following assumptions were used to value the 2007 grants:

 

   

Expected volatility of 44 percent, based on our historical daily stock prices.

 

   

Expected life of 5.0 years, based on the simplified method allowed under supplemental application guidance issued by the SEC in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, Share-Based Payment.

 

   

Expected dividend yield of 1.57 percent, based on the dividend rate at the date of grant.

 

   

Risk-free interest rate of 4.67 percent, based on the yield of treasury bonds at the date of grant.

ESPP

ESPP activity is summarized as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31
     2007    2006    2005

Number of Shares Sold

     114,420      148,833      154,395

Weighted Average Exercise Price

   $ 24.32    $ 18.99    $ 15.38

Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value

   $ 5.18    $ 3.90    $ 3.29

Expense

Compensation expense for the stock plans, as reported in the consolidated statements of income, is as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31
         2007            2006            2005    
     (in millions of dollars)

Nonvested Stock Awards

   $ 10.7    $ 15.3    $ 12.7

Performance Restricted Stock Units

     2.0      —        —  

Stock Options

     0.5      0.5      0.6

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

     0.5      0.6      0.5
                    

Total Compensation Expense, Before Income Tax

   $ 13.7    $ 16.4    $ 13.8
                    

Total Compensation Expense, Net of Income Tax

   $ 8.9    $ 10.7    $ 9.0
                    

Cash received under all share-based payment arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 was $7.8 million, $5.0 million, and $18.1 million, respectively.

 

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Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 13 - Reinsurance

 

In the normal course of business, we assume reinsurance from and cede reinsurance to other insurance companies. The primary purpose of ceded reinsurance is to limit losses from large exposures. However, if the assuming reinsurer is unable to meet its obligations, we remain contingently liable. We evaluate the financial condition of reinsurers and monitor concentration of credit risk to minimize this exposure. We may also require assets in trust, letters of credit, or other acceptable collateral to support reinsurance recoverable balances.

The reinsurance recoverable at December 31, 2007 relates to 89 companies. Thirteen major companies account for approximately 90 percent of the reinsurance recoverable at December 31, 2007, and are all companies rated A or better by A.M. Best Company or are fully securitized by letters of credit or investment-grade fixed maturity securities held in trust. Virtually all of the remaining ten percent of the reinsurance recoverable relates to business reinsured either with companies rated A- or better by A.M. Best Company, with overseas entities with equivalent ratings or backed by letters of credit or trust agreements, or through reinsurance arrangements wherein we retain the assets in our general account. Less than one percent of the reinsurance recoverable is held by companies either rated below A- by A.M. Best Company or not rated.

Reinsurance activity is accounted for on a basis consistent with the terms of the reinsurance contracts and the accounting used for the original policies issued. Premium income and benefits and change in reserves for future benefits are presented in the consolidated statements of income net of reinsurance ceded.

Reinsurance data is as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     2006     2005  
     (in millions of dollars)  

Direct Premium Income

   $ 7,997.5     $ 8,082.6     $ 8,077.0  

Reinsurance Assumed

     289.6       324.3       395.8  

Reinsurance Ceded

     (386.0 )     (458.7 )     (657.2 )
                        

Net Premium Income

   $ 7,901.1     $ 7,948.2     $ 7,815.6  
                        

Ceded Benefits and Change in Reserves for Future Benefits

   $ 947.8     $ 891.5     $ 1,110.6  

During the third quarter of 2007, we recaptured a closed block of individual disability business, with approximately $204.3 million in reserves and $7.0 million of annual premium. During the third quarter of 2005, we recaptured a closed block of individual disability business, with approximately $1.6 billion in invested assets and $185.0 million of annual premium. The underlying operating results of the reinsurance contract recaptured during 2005 were reflected in other income prior to the recapture. These recaptures did not have a material effect on operating results for the Individual Disability – Closed Block segment.

During 2000, we reinsured substantially all of our individual life and corporate-owned life insurance blocks of business, with a resulting gain which was deferred and is being amortized into income. A portion of the ceded corporate-owned life insurance block of business surrendered during 2007. The termination of this fully ceded business, which is reported in our Other segment, had no impact on our operating results and will not materially affect the amortization of the deferred gain. The termination resulted in a balance sheet only decrease in reserves for future policy and contract benefits of $1,094.0 million and policy loans of $1,013.7 million, with corresponding offsets to each in the reinsurance recoverable. The termination of this fully ceded business had no impact on our cash flows.

 

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Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 14 - Segment Information

 

Our reporting segments are comprised of the following: Unum US, Unum UK, Colonial Life, Individual Disability – Closed Block, Other, and Corporate.

The Unum US segment includes group long-term and short-term disability insurance, group life and accidental death and dismemberment products, and supplemental and voluntary lines of business, comprised of individual disability – recently issued, group and individual long-term care, and brokerage voluntary benefits products. These products are marketed through our field sales personnel who work in conjunction with independent brokers and consultants. For the sale of individual disability and individual long-term care products, we use a distribution model which provides independent brokers and consultants with the option of direct access to a sales support center centrally located in our corporate offices.

The Unum UK segment includes group long-term disability insurance, group life products, and individual disability products sold primarily in the United Kingdom through field sales personnel and independent brokers and consultants.

The Colonial Life segment includes insurance for accident, sickness, and disability products, life products, and cancer and critical illness products issued and marketed primarily to employees at the workplace through an agency sales force and brokers.

The Individual Disability – Closed Block segment generally consists of those individual disability policies that were designed to be distributed to individuals in a non-workplace setting and which were primarily in force prior to the substantial changes in product offerings, pricing, distribution, and underwriting which generally occurred during the period 1994 through 1998. A minimal amount of new business continued to be sold subsequent to these changes, but we stopped selling new policies in this segment at the beginning of 2004 other than update features contractually allowable on existing policies.

The Other operating segment includes results from Unum US insured products not actively marketed (with the exception of the individual disability products in the Individual Disability – Closed Block segment), including individual life and corporate-owned life insurance, reinsurance pools and management operations, group pension, health insurance, and individual annuities.

The Corporate segment consists of revenue earned on corporate assets not specifically allocated to a line of business, interest expense on corporate debt, and certain corporate income and expense not allocated to a line of business.

In the following segment financial data, “operating revenue” excludes net realized investment gains and losses. “Operating income” or “operating loss” excludes net realized investment gains and losses, income tax, and results of discontinued operations. These are considered non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures of “operating revenue” and “operating income” or “operating loss” differ from revenue and income from continuing operations before income tax as presented in our consolidated statements of income prepared in accordance with GAAP due to the exclusion of before tax realized investment gains and losses. We measure segment performance for purposes of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information, excluding realized investment gains and losses because we believe that this performance measure is a better indicator of the ongoing businesses and the underlying trends in the businesses. Our investment focus is on investment income to support our insurance liabilities as opposed to the generation of realized investment gains and losses, and a long-term focus is necessary to maintain profitability over the life of the business. Realized investment gains and losses depend on market conditions and do not necessarily relate to decisions regarding the underlying business of our segments. However, income or loss excluding realized investment gains and losses does not replace net income or net loss as a measure of overall profitability. We may experience realized investment losses, which will affect future earnings levels since our underlying business is long-term in nature and we need to earn the assumed interest rates in our liabilities.

 

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Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 14 - Segment Information - Continued

 

Premium income by major line of business within each of our segments is presented as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31
     2007    2006    2005
     (in millions of dollars)

Premium Income

        

Unum US

        

Group Disability

        

Group Long-term Disability

   $ 1,895.7    $ 1,953.3    $ 1,961.6

Group Short-term Disability

     485.6      530.1      566.3

Group Life and Accidental Death & Dismemberment

        

Group Life

     1,107.4      1,248.1      1,306.8

Accidental Death & Dismemberment

     131.0      151.6      156.4

Supplemental and Voluntary

        

Individual Disability – Recently Issued

     456.7      438.5      425.1

Long-term Care

     532.9      492.4      473.2

Voluntary Benefits

     404.7      382.0      339.6
                    
     5,014.0      5,196.0      5,229.0
                    

Unum UK

        

Group Long-term Disability

     752.6      638.9      582.9

Group Life

     177.4      171.0      164.1

Individual Disability

     38.3      32.9      38.3
                    
     968.3      842.8      785.3
                    

Colonial Life

        

Accident, Sickness, and Disability

     566.6      533.3      508.9

Life

     143.5      130.5      114.0

Cancer and Critical Illness

     197.1      178.3      164.1
                    
     907.2      842.1      787.0
                    

Individual Disability – Closed Block

     1,009.9      1,062.8      1,011.7

Other

     1.7      4.5      2.6
                    

Total

   $ 7,901.1    $ 7,948.2    $ 7,815.6
                    

 

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Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 14 - Segment Information - Continued

 

Selected operating statement data by segment is presented as follows:

 

     Unum US    Unum UK    Colonial
Life
   Individual
Disability -
Closed
Block
   Other    Corporate     Total
     (in millions of dollars)

Year Ended December 31, 2007

                   

Total Premium Income

   $ 5,014.0    $ 968.3    $ 907.2    $ 1,009.9    $ 1.7    $ —       $ 7,901.1

Net Investment Income

     1,129.9      200.4      99.9      827.2      108.4      44.1       2,409.9

Other Income

     135.7      3.1      0.9      103.7      28.5      2.2       274.1
                                                 

Operating Revenue

   $ 6,279.6    $ 1,171.8    $ 1,008.0    $ 1,940.8    $ 138.6    $ 46.3     $ 10,585.1
                                                 

Operating Income (Loss)

   $ 565.6    $ 338.8    $ 245.8    $ 117.9    $ 17.5    $ (223.2 )   $ 1,062.4

Depreciation and Amortization

   $ 326.9    $ 61.6    $ 162.9    $ 3.2    $ 0.1    $ 5.1     $ 559.8

Year Ended December 31, 2006

                   

Total Premium Income

   $ 5,196.0    $ 842.8    $ 842.1    $ 1,062.8    $ 4.5    $ —       $ 7,948.2

Net Investment Income

     1,063.1      174.6      93.6      828.7      113.2      47.4       2,320.6

Other Income

     108.5      0.1      1.1      105.1      33.8      15.7       264.3
                                                 

Operating Revenue

   $ 6,367.6    $ 1,017.5    $ 936.8    $ 1,996.6    $ 151.5    $ 63.1     $ 10,533.1
                                                 

Operating Income (Loss)

   $ 95.7    $ 257.8    $ 198.7    $ 71.3    $ 24.4    $ (184.7 )   $ 463.2

Depreciation and Amortization

   $ 351.9    $ 45.8    $ 154.4    $ 4.4    $ 0.1    $ 6.1     $ 562.7

Year Ended December 31, 2005

                   

Total Premium Income

   $ 5,229.0    $ 785.3    $ 787.0    $ 1,011.7    $ 2.6    $ —       $ 7,815.6

Net Investment Income

     998.2      154.2      96.0      770.0      120.5      49.4       2,188.3

Other Income

     108.6      6.1      4.4      95.2      36.0      11.8       262.1
                                                 

Operating Revenue

   $ 6,335.8    $ 945.6    $ 887.4    $ 1,876.9    $ 159.1    $ 61.2     $ 10,266.0
                                                 

Operating Income (Loss)

   $ 387.7    $ 187.7    $ 168.1    $ 79.9    $ 30.0    $ (152.8 )   $ 700.6

Depreciation and Amortization

   $ 347.0    $ 42.3    $ 147.4    $ 4.1    $ 0.6    $ 8.6     $ 550.0

 

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Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 14 - Segment Information - Continued

 

The following table provides the changes in deferred acquisition costs by segment:

 

     Unum US     Unum UK     Colonial
Life
    Other     Total  
     (in millions of dollars)  

Year Ended December 31, 2007

          

Beginning of Year

   $ 2,205.2     $ 165.1     $ 612.8     $ —       $ 2,983.1  

Cumulative Effect of Accounting Principle Change—Note 1

     (589.8 )     (88.3 )     —         —         (678.1 )

Capitalized

     304.2       41.2       210.9       —         556.3  

Amortization

     (277.1 )     (49.4 )     (153.9 )     —         (480.4 )

Foreign Currency

     —         1.0       —         —         1.0  
                                        

End of Year

   $ 1,642.5     $ 69.6     $ 669.8     $ —       $ 2,381.9  
                                        

Year Ended December 31, 2006

          

Beginning of Year

   $ 2,201.2     $ 142.5     $ 569.6     $ —       $ 2,913.3  

Capitalized

     306.2       34.4       187.6       —         528.2  

Amortization

     (302.2 )     (32.0 )     (144.4 )     —         (478.6 )

Foreign Currency

     —         20.2       —         —         20.2  
                                        

End of Year

   $ 2,205.2     $ 165.1     $ 612.8     $ —       $ 2,983.1  
                                        

Year Ended December 31, 2005

          

Beginning of Year

   $ 2,196.2     $ 154.9     $ 530.9     $ 0.5     $ 2,882.5  

Capitalized

     311.9       34.1       173.4       —         519.4  

Amortization

     (306.9 )     (21.6 )     (134.7 )     (0.5 )     (463.7 )

Foreign Currency

     —         (24.9 )     —         —         (24.9 )
                                        

End of Year

   $ 2,201.2     $ 142.5     $ 569.6     $ —       $ 2,913.3  
                                        

A reconciliation of total operating revenue and operating income by segment to revenue and net income as reported in the consolidated statements of income follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     2006    2005  
     (in millions of dollars)  

Operating Revenue by Segment

   $ 10,585.1     $ 10,533.1    $ 10,266.0  

Net Realized Investment Gain (Loss)

     (65.2 )     2.2      (6.7 )
                       

Revenue

   $ 10,519.9     $ 10,535.3    $ 10,259.3  
                       

Operating Income by Segment

   $ 1,062.4     $ 463.2    $ 700.6  

Net Realized Investment Gain (Loss)

     (65.2 )     2.2      (6.7 )

Income Tax

     324.8       61.8      189.9  

Income from Discontinued Operations

     6.9       7.4      9.6  
                       

Net Income

   $ 679.3     $ 411.0    $ 513.6  
                       

 

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Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 14 - Segment Information - Continued

 

Assets by segment are as follows:

 

     December 31
     2007    2006
     (in millions of dollars)

Unum US

   $ 21,012.8    $ 20,900.8

Unum UK

     4,016.5      3,904.2

Colonial Life

     2,518.5      2,355.0

Individual Disability – Closed Block

     15,175.6      15,609.5

Other

     7,870.3      8,998.8

Corporate

     1,839.0      942.0

Discontinued Operations

     —        113.0
             

Total

   $ 52,432.7    $ 52,823.3
             

We report goodwill in our Unum US segment and in our Unum UK segment, which are the segments expected to benefit from the originating business combinations. Stockholders’ equity is allocated to the operating segments on the basis of an internal allocation formula that reflects the volume and risk components of each operating segment’s business and aligns allocated equity with our target capital levels for regulatory and rating agency purposes. We modify this formula periodically to recognize changes in the views of capital requirements.

Note 15 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Commitments

We have noncancelable lease obligations on certain office space and equipment. As of December 31, 2007, the aggregate net minimum lease payments were $108.8 million payable as follows: $26.7 million in 2008, $25.1 million in 2009, $18.4 million in 2010, $11.7 million in 2011, $8.8 million in 2012, and $18.1 million thereafter. Rental expense for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 was $35.7 million, $35.8 million, and $33.9 million, respectively.

Contingent Liabilities

We are a defendant in a number of litigation matters. In some of these matters, no specified amount is sought. In others, very large or indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages, are asserted. There is a wide variation of pleading practice permitted in the United States courts with respect to requests for monetary damages, including some courts in which no specified amount is required and others which allow the plaintiff to state only that the amount sought is sufficient to invoke the jurisdiction of that court. Further, some jurisdictions permit plaintiffs to allege damages well in excess of reasonably possible verdicts. Based on our extensive experience and that of others in the industry with respect to litigating or resolving claims through settlement over an extended period of time, we believe that the monetary damages asserted in a lawsuit or claim bear little relation to the merits of the case, or the likely disposition value. Therefore, the specific monetary relief sought is not stated.

The lawsuits described below are for the most part in very preliminary stages, and the outcome of the matters is uncertain. An estimated loss is accrued when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Unless indicated otherwise, reserves have not been established for these matters.

 

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Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 15 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities - Continued

 

Claims Handling Matters

Multidistrict Litigation

On September 2, 2003, the Judicial Panel on the Multidistrict Litigation entered an order transferring more than twenty putative class actions and derivative suits, described below, filed in various courts against the Company, several of its subsidiaries, and some of our officers, to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee for coordinated or consolidated pretrial proceedings. The defendants strongly deny the allegations in each of these actions and will vigorously defend the substantive and procedural aspects of the litigations, except as noted below with respect to settlement discussions.

Shareholder Derivative Actions

On November 22, 2002, the first of five purported shareholder derivative actions was filed in the Tennessee Chancery Court. Between December 27, 2002 and March 11, 2003, four additional purported derivative actions were filed in state and federal courts in Tennessee. The defendants removed each of the actions that were filed in Tennessee state court to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee.

Each of these actions purports to be brought on behalf of the Company against certain current and past members of our Board of Directors and certain executive officers alleging breaches of fiduciary duties and other violations of claims paying law by defendants. Plaintiffs allege, among other things, that the individual defendants breached their duties of good faith and loyalty by establishing or permitting to be established an unlawful policy of denying legitimate disability claims and improper financial reporting, and that certain defendants engaged in insider trading.

The district court consolidated these actions under the caption In re UnumProvident Corporation Derivative Actions. The plaintiffs then filed a single consolidated amended complaint. We deny the allegations of the complaint and will vigorously contest them.

Federal Securities Law Class Actions

On February 12, 2003, the first of six virtually identical putative securities class actions was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, later consolidated under the caption In re UnumProvident Corp. Securities Litigation.

The Lead Plaintiff filed a consolidated amended complaint alleging claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 on behalf of a putative class of purchasers of Unum Group stock between March 30, 2000 and April 24, 2003. The amended complaint alleges, among other things, that we issued misleading financial statements, improperly accounted for certain impaired investments, failed to properly estimate our disability claim reserves, and pursued certain improper claims handling practices.

On July 30, 2007, we entered into a Stipulation of Settlement with the plaintiffs to resolve the litigation. Under the terms of the settlement, which is subject to, among other things, approval by the court, we have agreed to pay $40.0 million to settle all claims that were or could have been asserted by the class in the action. After the receipt of insurance proceeds, the net cost to us was $11.6 million before tax and was included in our second quarter of 2007 operating results.

Policyholder Class Actions

On July 15, 2002, Rombeiro v. Unum Life Insurance Company of America, et al., was filed in the Superior Court of California and subsequently was removed to federal court, alleging that the plaintiff was wrongfully denied disability benefits under a group long-term disability plan. On January 21, 2003, an Amended Complaint was filed

 

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Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 15 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities - Continued

 

on behalf of a putative class of individuals that were denied or terminated from benefits under group long-term disability plans, seeking injunctive and declaratory relief and payment of benefits. On April 30, 2003, the court granted in part and denied in part the defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint. On May 14, 2003, the plaintiff filed a Second Amended Complaint seeking similar relief.

Between November 2002 and November 2003, six additional similar putative class actions were filed in (or later removed to) federal district courts in Illinois, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. The complaints alleged that the putative class members’ claims were evaluated improperly and allege that the Company and its insurance subsidiaries breached certain fiduciary duties owed to the class members under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), Racketeer Influenced Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), and/or various state laws. The complaints sought various forms of equitable relief and money damages, including punitive damages.

These actions all were transferred to the Eastern District of Tennessee multidistrict litigation. On December 22, 2003, the Tennessee Federal District Court entered an order consolidating all of the above actions for all pretrial purposes under the caption In re UnumProvident Corp. ERISA Benefit Denial Actions and appointed a lead plaintiff. A consolidated amended complaint was filed on February 20, 2004.

Court ordered mediation has concluded with the settlement of all individual claims brought by seven of the fifteen named plaintiffs. An eighth plaintiff has subsequently resolved her claims through the process established under the regulatory settlement agreements.

On September 4, 2007, the District Court certified a (b)(2) class consisting of all plan participants and beneficiaries insured under ERISA governed long-term disability insurance policies/plans issued by Unum Group and the insuring subsidiaries of Unum Group throughout the United States who have had a long-term disability claim denied, terminated, or suspended on or after June 30, 1999 by Unum Group or one or more of its insuring subsidiaries after being subjected to any of the practices alleged in the complaint. The class as certified seeks, among other forms of relief, an opportunity to have denied or terminated claims re-assessed by so-called independent reviewers. The District Court has yet to rule on pending motions by the Company for judgment on the pleading, or for summary judgment. The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals has since granted the Company’s petition for leave to appeal the class certification order on an interlocutory basis.

On April 30, 2003, a separate putative class action, Taylor v. UnumProvident Corporation, et al., was filed in the Tennessee Circuit Court and subsequently removed to federal court. The complaint alleges claims against Unum Group and certain subsidiaries on behalf of a putative class of long-term disability insurance policyholders who did not obtain their coverage through employer sponsored plans and who had a claim denied, terminated, or suspended by a Unum Group subsidiary after January 1, 1995, seeking equitable and monetary relief. Plaintiff alleges that the defendants violated various state laws by engaging in unfair claim practices and improperly denying claims.

The court subsequently granted in part our motion for summary judgment in Taylor, dismissing plaintiff’s request for equitable relief on her breach of contract claim and dismissing any claim plaintiff may make for punitive damages under the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act. The former claim is the principal claim upon which class certification is sought. The court reserved ruling on the remainder of the pending motion for summary judgment. The court also has under advisement the plaintiff’s motion for class certification.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 15 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities - Continued

 

Plan Beneficiary Class Actions

During the first quarter of 2007, we executed a settlement agreement resolving the plan beneficiary class action, or 401(k) Retirement Plan case, entitled Gee v. UnumProvident Corporation, et al. The settlement agreement, the net cost of which is immaterial, was approved by the court in December 2007.

Examinations and Investigations

During 2004 and 2005, certain of our insurance subsidiaries entered into settlement agreements with various regulators related to disability claims handling practices. The agreements provide for changes in certain of our claims handling procedures and a claim reassessment process available to certain claimants whose claims were denied or closed during specified periods. The agreements will remain in place until the later of January 1, 2007, or the completion of an examination of claims handling practices and an examination of the reassessment process, both of which will be conducted by the lead state regulators. The settlement agreements also provide for a contingent fine of up to $145.0 million on our U.S. insurance subsidiaries in the event that we fail to satisfactorily meet the performance standards in the settlement agreements relating to the examinations referred to above. The parties to the agreements subsequently agreed to extend the reassessment process until December 31, 2007. We have now completed the claims reassessment process, as required by the regulatory settlement agreements. The lead regulators began the examinations described above in June 2007 and on February 20, 2008, met with members of our board of directors and management to report the results and to advise that no fines will be assessed. The final report for the examinations under the regulatory settlement agreements is expected to be completed by mid-2008.

Other Claim Litigation

We and our insurance company subsidiaries, as part of our normal operations in managing disability claims, are engaged in claim litigation where disputes arise as a result of a denial or termination of benefits. Most typically these lawsuits are filed on behalf of a single claimant or policyholder, and in some of these individual actions punitive damages are sought, such as claims alleging bad faith in the handling of insurance claims. For our general claim litigation, we maintain reserves based on experience to satisfy judgments and settlements in the normal course. We expect that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to general claim litigation, after consideration of the reserves maintained, will not be material to our consolidated financial condition. Nevertheless, given the inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain claim litigation involving punitive damages could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations in a period, depending on the results of operations for the particular period. We are unable to estimate a range of reasonably possible punitive losses.

From time to time class action allegations are pursued where the claimant or policyholder purports to represent a larger number of individuals who are similarly situated. Since each insurance claim is evaluated based on its own merits, there is rarely a single act or series of actions, which can properly be addressed by a class action. Nevertheless, we monitor these cases closely and defend ourselves appropriately where these allegations are made.

Broker Compensation, Quoting Process, and Related Matters

Examinations and Investigations

Since October 2004, we and/or our insurance subsidiaries have received subpoenas or information requests from a Federal Grand Jury in San Diego, the District Attorney for the County of San Diego, and the U.S. Department of Labor, as well as insurance departments and/or other state regulatory or investigatory agencies of at least seven

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 15 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities - Continued

 

additional states including Connecticut, Florida, Maine, Massachusetts, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee. The subpoenas and/or information requests relate to, among other things, compliance with ERISA relating to our interactions with insurance brokers and to regulations concerning insurance information provided by us to plan administrators of ERISA plans, as well as compliance with state and federal laws with respect to quoting processes, producer compensation, solicitation activities, policies sold to state or municipal entities, and information regarding compensation arrangements with brokers. We will continue to cooperate fully with all investigations.

Broker-Related Litigation

We and certain of our subsidiaries, along with many other insurance brokers and insurers, have been named as defendants in a series of putative class actions that have been transferred to the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey for coordinated or consolidated pretrial proceedings as part of multidistrict litigation (MDL) No. 1663, In re Insurance Brokerage Antitrust Litigation. The plaintiffs in MDL No. 1663 filed a consolidated amended complaint in August 2005, which alleges, among other things, that the defendants violated federal and state antitrust laws, RICO, ERISA, and various state common law requirements by engaging in alleged bid rigging and customer allocation and by paying undisclosed compensation to insurance brokers to steer business to defendant insurers. Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint on November 29, 2005. On April 5, 2007, defendants’ motion to dismiss was granted without prejudice as to all counts except the ERISA counts. Plaintiffs were granted a last opportunity to file an amended complaint, and they did so on May 22, 2007. On June 21, 2007, defendants filed a motion to dismiss and for summary judgment on all counts. On August 31, 2007 and September 28, 2007, plaintiffs’ federal antitrust and RICO claims were dismissed with prejudice. Defendants’ motion for summary judgment on the ERISA counts was granted on January 14, 2008.

We are a defendant in an action styled, Palm Tree Computers Systems, Inc. v. ACE USA, et al., which was filed in the Florida state Circuit Court on February 16, 2005. The complaint contains allegations similar to those made in the multidistrict litigation referred to above. The case was removed to federal court and, on October 20, 2005, the case was transferred to the District of New Jersey multidistrict litigation. A motion to remand the case to the state court in Florida remains pending, but no further action has been taken in the case subsequent to the transfer.

Miscellaneous Matters

In September 2003, United States of America ex. rel. Patrick J. Loughren v. UnumProvident Corporation and GENEX Services, Inc. was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts. This is a qui tam action to recover damages and civil penalties on behalf of the United States of America alleging violations of the False Claims Act by us and our former GENEX subsidiary. In accordance with the False Claims Act, the action was originally filed under seal to provide the government the

opportunity to investigate the allegations and prosecute the action if they believed that the case had merit and warranted their attention. The government declined to prosecute the case and the case became a matter of public record on December 23, 2004. The complaint alleges that we defrauded the government by inducing and or assisting disability claimants to apply for disability benefits from the Social Security Administration (SSA) when we allegedly knew that the claimants were not disabled under SSA criteria. A motion to dismiss the complaint was unsuccessful. We intend to vigorously defend the action.

In May 2007, Roy Mogel, Todd D. Lindsay and Joseph R. Thorley individually and on behalf of those similarly situated v. Unum Life Insurance Company, was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts. This is a putative class action alleging that we breached fiduciary duties owed to certain beneficiaries under group life insurance policies when we paid certain life insurance proceeds by establishing interest-bearing Retained Asset Accounts rather than checks. On February 4, 2008, the court granted the Company’s motion to dismiss all claims.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 15 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities - Continued

 

Summary

Various lawsuits against us, in addition to those discussed above, have arisen in the normal course of business. Further, state insurance regulatory authorities and other federal and state authorities regularly make inquiries and conduct investigations concerning our compliance with applicable insurance and other laws and regulations.

Given the complexity and scope of our litigation and regulatory matters, it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of all pending investigations or legal proceedings or provide reasonable estimates of potential losses, except where noted in connection with specific matters. It is possible that our results of operations or cash flows in a particular period could be materially affected by an ultimate unfavorable outcome of pending litigation or regulatory matters depending, in part, on our results of operations or cash flows for the particular period. We believe, however, that the ultimate outcome of all pending litigation and regulatory matters, after consideration of applicable reserves and rights to indemnification, should not have a material adverse effect on our financial position.

Note 16 - Statutory Financial Information

Statutory Net Income, Capital and Surplus, and Dividends

Statutory net income for U.S. life insurance companies is reported in conformity with statutory accounting principles prescribed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) and adopted by applicable domiciliary state laws. For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, our U.S. insurance subsidiaries’ statutory combined net income, excluding Tailwind Re and Northwind Re, was $530.8 million, $307.4 million, and $641.8 million, respectively, and statutory combined net gain from operations was $589.1 million, $371.5 million, and $650.0 million, respectively. Statutory capital and surplus, excluding Tailwind Re and Northwind Re, was $2,975.3 million and $4,232.0 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Tailwind Re and Northwind Re, our special purpose financial captive U.S. insurance subsidiaries, had a statutory combined net loss of $111.5 million and a statutory combined net loss from operations of $111.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Statutory capital and surplus for Tailwind Re and Northwind Re at December 31, 2007 was $1,378.7 million. Tailwind Re had statutory net income and statutory net gain from operations of $14.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 and statutory capital and surplus of $136.2 million at December 31, 2006.

Restrictions under applicable state insurance laws limit the amount of ordinary dividends that can be paid to a parent company from its insurance subsidiaries without prior approval by regulatory authorities. For life insurance companies domiciled in the United States, that limitation typically equals, depending on the state of domicile, either ten percent of an insurer’s statutory surplus with respect to policyholders as of the preceding year end or the statutory net gain from operations, excluding realized investment gains and losses, of the preceding year. The payment of ordinary dividends to a parent company from its insurance subsidiaries is further limited to the amount of statutory surplus as it relates to policyholders. Based on the restrictions under current law, $626.5 million is available for the payment of ordinary dividends from our U.S. insurance subsidiaries, excluding Tailwind Re and Northwind Re, during 2008. The ability of Tailwind Re and Northwind Re to pay dividends to their parent companies, Tailwind Holdings and Northwind Holdings, wholly-owned subsidiaries of Unum Group, will depend on their satisfaction of applicable regulatory requirements and on the performance of the business reinsured by Tailwind Re and Northwind Re.

We also have the ability to draw a dividend from our United Kingdom insurance subsidiary, Unum Limited. Such dividends are limited based on insurance company legislation in the United Kingdom, which requires a minimum solvency margin. The amount available under current law for payment of dividends from Unum Limited during 2008 is approximately £202.1 million, subject to regulatory approval. Regulatory restrictions do not limit the amount of dividends available for distribution from our non-insurance subsidiaries.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 16 - Statutory Financial Information - Continued

 

Deposits

At December 31, 2007, our U.S. insurance subsidiaries had on deposit with U.S. regulatory authorities securities with a book value of $268.3 million held for the protection of policyholders.

Note 17 - Subsequent Event

Pursuant to the common stock repurchase program previously discussed in Note 11, on January 31, 2008, we repurchased approximately 14.0 million shares for $350.0 million through an accelerated stock repurchase program with a financial counterparty. The repurchased shares will be held in treasury, until such time as they may be reissued or retired.

As part of this transaction, we simultaneously entered into a forward contract indexed to the price of our common stock, which subjects the transaction to a future price adjustment. Upon settlement of the contract in May 2008, the price adjustment will be calculated based on the volume weighted average price of our common stock during the term of the agreement, less a discount. If we are required to pay a price adjustment to the counterparty, we have the option of settling the adjustment in shares of our common stock or cash. Any price adjustment payable to us will be settled in shares of our common stock.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 18 - Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited)

 

The following is a summary of our unaudited quarterly results of operations for 2007 and 2006:

 

     2007  
     4th     3rd     2nd     1st  
     (in millions of dollars, except share data)  

Premium Income

   $ 1,983.9     $ 1,986.5     $ 1,986.7     $ 1,944.0  

Net Investment Income

     619.4       603.2       597.8       589.5  

Net Realized Investment Gain (Loss)

     (25.8 )     (46.1 )     10.4       (3.7 )

Total Revenue

     2,643.5       2,610.2       2,665.6       2,600.6  

Income from Continuing Operations Before

        

Income Tax

     225.4       279.0       232.9       259.9  

Income from Continuing Operations

     160.5       187.0       153.5       171.4  

Income from Discontinued Operations

     —         —         —         6.9  

Net Income

     160.5       187.0       153.5       178.3  

Net Income Per Common Share

        

Basic

        

Income from Continuing Operations

     0.45       0.52       0.44       0.50  

Net Income

     0.45       0.52       0.44       0.52  

Assuming Dilution

        

Income from Continuing Operations

     0.44       0.52       0.43       0.49  

Net Income

     0.44       0.52       0.43       0.51  
     2006  
     4th     3rd     2nd     1st  
     (in millions of dollars, except share data)  

Premium Income

   $ 2,022.0     $ 1,969.0     $ 1,987.2     $ 1,970.0  

Net Investment Income

     601.4       578.8       576.6       563.8  

Net Realized Investment Gain (Loss)

     0.7       4.8       (5.8 )     2.5  

Total Revenue

     2,696.1       2,617.4       2,621.7       2,600.1  

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before

        

Income Tax

     265.6       (97.4 )     189.6       107.6  

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations

     274.2       (65.3 )     123.3       71.4  

Income from Discontinued Operations

     1.9       1.6       1.9       2.0  

Net Income (Loss)

     276.1       (63.7 )     125.2       73.4  

Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share

        

Basic

        

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations

     0.80       (0.19 )     0.38       0.24  

Net Income (Loss)

     0.81       (0.19 )     0.39       0.25  

Assuming Dilution

        

Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations

     0.79       (0.19 )     0.37       0.22  

Net Income (Loss)

     0.80       (0.19 )     0.38       0.23  

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

Note 18 - Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited) - Continued

 

Items affecting the comparability of our financial results by quarter are as follows:

 

   

The fourth quarter of 2007 includes costs related to early retirement of debt of $55.6 million before tax and $36.1million after tax.

 

   

The second quarter of 2007 includes claim reassessment charges of $53.0 million before tax and $34.5 million after tax.

 

   

The first quarter of 2007 income from discontinued operations includes an after-tax gain of $6.2 million on the sale of GENEX.

 

   

The fourth quarter of 2006 includes an income tax benefit of $91.9 million primarily as the result of group relief benefits obtained from the use of net operating losses in a foreign jurisdiction in which our businesses operate.

 

   

The third and first quarters of 2006 include claim reassessment charges of $325.4 million and $86.0 million before tax, respectively, and $211.5 million and $55.9 million after tax, respectively.

 

   

The third quarter of 2006 includes broker compensation settlement expenses of $18.5 million before tax and $12.7 million after tax.

See Notes 8, 9, and 15 for further discussion of the above items.

 

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, these officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2007.

In the ordinary course of business, our internal control over financial reporting changes as we modify and enhance our processes and information technology systems to meet changing needs and increase our efficiency. Any significant changes in internal controls are evaluated prior to implementation to help maintain the continued effectiveness of our internal control. While changes have occurred in our internal controls during the quarter ended December 31, 2007, there were no changes that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting encompasses the processes and procedures management has established to (i) maintain records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the Company’s transactions and dispositions of assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles; (iii) provide reasonable assurance that receipts and expenditures are appropriately authorized; and (iv) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, any projection of the evaluation of effectiveness to future periods is subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

We assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and concluded that, as of December 31, 2007, we maintained effective internal control over financial reporting.

Attestation Report of the Company’s Registered Public Accounting Firm

Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited our consolidated financial statements included herein, audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as of December 31, 2007, and issued the attestation report included as follows.

 

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

We have audited Unum Group and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Unum Group and subsidiaries’ management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying “Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.” Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, Unum Group and subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders’ equity, cash flows, and comprehensive income (loss) for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007 of Unum Group and subsidiaries, and our report dated February 21, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP

Chattanooga, Tennessee

February 21, 2008

 

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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None

 

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PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Directors

The information required by this Item with respect to directors is included under the captions “Election of Directors,” “Nominees for Election for Terms Expiring in 2011,” and “Continuing Directors” in the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

The information required by this Item with respect to compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act is included under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

The information required by this Item with respect to a code of ethics for senior financial officers is included under the caption “Code of Business Practices and Ethics” in the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

The information required by this Item with respect to the audit committee and an audit committee financial expert is included under the caption “Audit Committee” in the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

The information required by this Item with respect to executive officers of the registrant is incorporated by reference to “Executive Officers of the Registrant” contained herein in Item 1.

Code of Ethics

Our internet website address is www.unum.com. We have adopted corporate governance guidelines, a code of business practices and ethics, and charters for our board of directors’ audit, human capital, governance, finance, and regulatory compliance committees in accordance with NYSE requirements. These documents are available free of charge on the website and in print at the request of any stockholder from the Office of the Corporate Secretary, 1 Fountain Square, Chattanooga, Tennessee, 37402, or by calling toll-free 1-800-718-8824. Within the time period required by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the New York Stock Exchange, we will post on our website any amendment to the “Code of Business Practices and Ethics” and any waiver applicable to any executive officer, director, or senior financial officer (as defined in the Code).

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this Item is included under the captions “Compensation of Directors,” “Report of the Board Human Capital Committee on Executive Compensation,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Executive Compensation,” “Human Capital Committee,” and “Human Capital Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” in the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides information as of December 31, 2007 about the common stock that may be issued under all of our existing equity compensation plans. The table does not include information with respect to shares subject to outstanding options granted under equity compensation plans assumed by the Company in connection with mergers and acquisitions of the companies that originally granted those options (see footnote 5).

 

Plan Category

  

(a)

Number of securities to

be issued upon exercise

of outstanding options,

warrants and rights

  

(b)

Weighted-average

exercise price of

outstanding options,

warrants and rights

  

(c)

Number of securities

remaining available for

future issuance under equity
compensation plans

(excluding securities

reflected in column (a))

Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Stockholders

   4,426,072 (1)    $33.93    33,348,533 (2)

Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Stockholders

   2,662,547 (3)    $27.26    578,991 (4)
            

Total

   7,088,619           33,927,524    

 

(1) Includes the following plans: (a) Stock Plan of 1994, (b) Non-Employee Director Compensation Plan of 1998, (c) Stock Plan of 1999, (d) Stock Incentive Plan of 2007, and (e) Amended and Restated Management Incentive Compensation Plan of 1994. The number includes 908 performance shares granted under the Amended and Restated Management Incentive Compensation Plan of 1994.

 

(2) Includes shares under the following plans: (a) Stock Incentive Plan of 2007, (b) Stock Plan of 1999, (c) Non-Employee Director Compensation Plan of 1998, (d) Amended and Restated Management Incentive Compensation Plan of 1994, and (e) UnumProvident Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

 

(3) Includes the following plans: (a) Provident Companies, Inc. Employee Stock Option Plan of 1998, (b) UnumProvident Corporation Employee Stock Option Plan, (c) UnumProvident Corporation Broad Based Stock Plan of 2001, and (d) UnumProvident Corporation Broad Based Stock Plan of 2002.

 

(4) Includes the following plans: (a) UnumProvident Corporation Broad Based Stock Plan of 2001, (b) UnumProvident Corporation Broad Based Stock Plan of 2002, (c) Unum Limited Savings-Related Share Option Scheme 2000, and (d) UnumProvident Corporation Non-Employee Director Compensation Plan of 2004.

 

(5) The table does not include information for the following equity compensation plans assumed by the Company in connection with the merger of the company that originally established those plans: the UNUM Corporation 1990 Long-Term Incentive Plan, and the UNUM Corporation 1996 Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan. As of December 31, 2007, a total of 615,535 shares of the Company’s common stock were issuable upon exercise of outstanding options under those assumed plans. The weighted average exercise price of those outstanding options is $48.82 per share. No additional options may be granted under those assumed plans.

A brief description of the equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders follows.

 

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Provident Companies, Inc. Employee Stock Option Plan of 1998

This plan provided for the award of stock options to employees not eligible for awards under another incentive compensation plan and, therefore, excluded all officers of the Company from participation. One hundred options and fifty options were granted respectively to each full time and part-time employee participant. The total number of options available for grant under this plan was 255,500. The plan terminated December 31, 1998. The plan was administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (Compensation Committee). The stock options issued under the plan are non-qualified for U.S. tax purposes. The exercise price of options awarded under this plan was the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant. There are provisions for early vesting and/or early termination of the options in the event of retirement, death and disability and termination of employment. The options outstanding as of June 30, 1999 vested in accordance with the provision of this plan effective with the merger of Unum Corporation with Provident Companies, Inc. There are provisions for adjustments to the number of shares available for grants, number of shares subject to outstanding grants and the exercise price of outstanding grants in the event of stock splits, stock dividends or other recapitalization.

UnumProvident Corporation Employee Stock Option Plan (1999)

This plan provided for the award of stock options to employees not eligible for awards under the other stock plans of the Company or at or below a position level as determined by the Compensation Committee, and therefore excluded all officers of the Company from participation. One hundred and fifty options and seventy-five options were granted respectively to each full time and part-time employee participant. The total number of options available for grant under this plan was 3,500,000. This plan was terminated in February 2002. This plan was administered by the Compensation Committee. The stock options issued under the plan are non-qualified for U.S. tax purposes. The exercise price of options awarded under this plan was the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant. There are provisions for early vesting and/or early termination of the options in the event of retirement, death, disability and termination of employment. The plan also provides for acceleration of vesting if there is a change in control, subject to certain limitations, and in other circumstances at the Committee’s discretion. There are provisions for adjustments to the number of shares available for grants, number of shares subject to outstanding grants and the exercise price of outstanding grants in the event of stock splits, stock dividends or other recapitalization.

UnumProvident Corporation Broad Based Stock Plan of 2001

This plan provides for the grant of stock options to employees, officers, consultants, producers (as defined in the plan) and directors of the Company. The plan specifically prohibits the granting of any options under the plan to members of the Company’s Board of Directors and to any “officer” of the Company as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the 1934 Act or such other definition of the term “officer” as the New York Stock Exchange may subsequently adopt for purposes of its “broad-based” requirements of Rule 312.03 of NYSE Listed Company Manual. No awards have been made under the plan to employees above the level of Vice President. The total number of options available for grant under this plan was 2,000,000. The plan terminated in December 2007.The stock options are non-qualified for U.S. tax purposes. The exercise price of options awarded under this plan is the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant. The term of any option issued under the plan cannot exceed ten years. There are provisions for early vesting and/or early termination of the options in the event of retirement, death, disability and termination of employment. The plan also provides for acceleration of vesting if there is a change in control, subject to certain limitations, and in other circumstances at the Committee’s discretion. The plan includes provisions for adjustments to the number of shares available for grants, number of shares subject to outstanding grants and the exercise price of outstanding grants in the event of stock splits, stock dividends or other recapitalization.

UnumProvident Corporation Broad Based Stock Plan of 2002

This plan provides for the grant of stock options to employees, officers, consultants, producers (as defined in the plan) and directors of the Company. The plan specifically prohibits the granting of any options under the plan to members of the Company’s Board of Directors and to any “officer” of the Company as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the 1934 Act or such other definition of the term “officer” as the New York Stock Exchange may subsequently adopt for purposes of its “broad-based” requirements of Rule 312.03 of NYSE Listed Company Manual. No awards have been made under the plan to employees above the level of Vice President. The total

 

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number of options available for grant under this plan was 2,390,000. The plan was terminated in February 2004. The stock options are non-qualified for U.S. tax purposes. The exercise price of options awarded under this plan is the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant. The term of any option issued under the plan cannot exceed ten years. There are provisions for early vesting and/or early termination of the options in the event of retirement, death, disability and termination of employment. The plan also provides for acceleration of vesting if there is a change in control, subject to certain limitations, and in other circumstances at the Committee’s discretion. The plan includes provisions for adjustments to the number of shares available for grants, number of shares subject to outstanding grants and the exercise price of outstanding grants in the event of stock splits, stock dividends or other recapitalization.

Unum Limited Savings-Related Share Option Plan 2000

This plan of the Company’s subsidiary, Unum Limited, in the United Kingdom allows employees of Unum Limited to acquire options for shares of the Company’s common stock by making an election to purchase stock at a price of at least 80% of the market value of the stock on the date prior to the date the invitation to apply for the option is made or, if greater, the nominal value of a share (the Acquisition Price). The total number of options available for grant under this plan was 200,000. The maximum contribution per month per employee is £150. Contributions are made for a three year period at the end of which the employee can elect to receive cash plus interest or purchase shares at the Acquisition Price. The directors of Unum Limited are the administrators of the plan. There are provisions for early expiration of options in the event of termination of employment and acceleration of vesting and expiration due to death, disability or retirement. The plan also provides for acceleration of vesting upon a change of control, reconstruction or voluntary winding up of the Company. The plan includes provisions for adjustments to the number of shares available for grants, and the number of shares subject to outstanding grants in the event of capitalization, consolidation sub-division or reduction or other variation of the share capital of the Company.

UnumProvident Corporation Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Compensation Plan of 2004

This plan provides for the payment of compensation to the non-employee directors who serve on the Company’s Board. Non-employee directors receive an annual retainer of $80,000, the chairs of the standing committees receive an additional retainer of $7,500, and all directors receive $2,000 for each meeting attended in person and $500 for each conference call meeting of the Board and of the committees on which they participate, including special committees. Under the plan, directors make an irrevocable election each year to receive all or a portion of their retainers and meeting fees in either cash or deferred share rights. A deferred share right is a right to receive one share of common stock on the earlier of (i) the director’s termination of service as a director of the Company, or (ii) another designated date at least three years after the date of the deferral election. The number of deferred share rights granted is calculated as the number of whole shares equal to (i) the dollar amount of the annual retainer and/or fees that the director elects to have paid in deferred share rights, divided by (ii) the fair market value per share on the grant date. The aggregate number of shares which can be issued under the plan is 500,000. The plan is administered by the Compensation Committee. The plan includes provisions restricting the transferability of the deferred share rights, provisions for adjustments to the number of shares available for grants, and the number of shares subject to outstanding grants in the event of recapitalization, reclassification, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, or other similar corporate transaction. There are stock ownership guidelines for participants under the plan.

Other information required by this Item is included under the captions “Beneficial Ownership of Company Securities” and “Security Ownership of Directors and Officers” in the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated by reference herein.

 

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this Item with respect to certain relationships and related transactions and director independence is included under the captions “Determination of Independence of Directors” and “Independence of Directors” in the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and is incorporated by reference herein.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

Audit Fees

The aggregate fees and expenses related to professional services rendered by Ernst & Young LLP for the fiscal year audit of our annual financial statements and internal control over financial reporting, the interim reviews of the financial statements included in our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and services provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings were $7,648,203 and $7,591,449, respectively, for fiscal years 2007 and 2006.

Audit Related Fees

The aggregate fees and expenses related to professional services rendered by Ernst & Young LLP for audit related services, comprised primarily of accounting consultations, SAS 70 reviews, and audit related services for our employee benefit plans, for fiscal years 2007 and 2006 were $523,073 and $753,136, respectively.

Tax Fees

The aggregate fees and expenses related to professional services rendered by Ernst & Young LLP for tax planning during fiscal years 2007 and 2006 were $22,500 and $84,156, respectively.

Audit Committee Pre-approval Policies

The audit committee of our board of directors is directly responsible for the appointment, compensation, retention, and oversight of the independent auditors. As part of its responsibility, the audit committee has adopted a policy that requires advance approval of all audit, audit-related, tax services, and other services performed by the independent auditor. The policy provides for setting pre-approval limits for specifically defined audit and non-audit services. In pre-approving the services, the audit committee considers whether such services are consistent with SEC rules on auditor independence. Specific approval by the audit committee will be required if fees for any particular service or aggregate fees for services of a similar nature exceed the pre-approved limits. The audit committee has delegated to the chair of the audit committee authority to approve permitted services provided that the chair reports any decisions to the committee at its next scheduled meeting.

 

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PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

 

     Page

(a)    List of Documents filed as part of this report:

  

(1)    Financial Statements

  

The following report and consolidated financial statements of Unum Group and Subsidiaries are included in Item 8.

  

Report of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   96

Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2007 and 2006

   97

Consolidated Statements of Income for the three years ended December 31, 2007

   99

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three years ended December 31, 2007

   100

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three years ended December 31, 2007

   101

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three years ended December 31, 2007

   102

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   103

(2)    Financial Statement Schedules

  

I.       Summary of Investments – Other than Investments in Related Parties

   165

II.     Condensed Financial Information of Registrant

   166

III.    Supplementary Insurance Information

   172

IV.   Reinsurance

   174

V.     Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

   175

Schedules not referred to have been omitted as inapplicable or because they are not required by Regulation
S-X.

  

(3)    Exhibits

  

See Index to Exhibits on page 176 of this report.

  

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

Unum Group
(Registrant)
By:   /s/ Thomas R. Watjen
 

Thomas R. Watjen

President and Chief Executive Officer

Date:  

February 25, 2008

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Name

  

Title

 

Date

/s/ Thomas R. Watjen

Thomas R. Watjen

   President and Chief Executive Officer and a Director (principal executive officer)   February 25, 2008

/s/ Robert C. Greving

Robert C. Greving

   Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Actuary (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)   February 25, 2008

*

E. Michael Caulfield

   Director   February 25, 2008

*

Jon S. Fossel

   Director   February 25, 2008

*

Pamela H. Godwin

   Director   February 25, 2008

*

Ronald E. Goldsberry

   Director   February 25, 2008

*

Thomas Kinser

   Director   February 25, 2008

*

Gloria C. Larson

   Director   February 25, 2008

 

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Name

  

Title

 

Date

*

A. S. MacMillan, Jr.

   Director   February 25, 2008

*

Edward J. Muhl

   Director   February 25, 2008

*

Michael J. Passarella

   Director   February 25, 2008

*

William J. Ryan

   Director   February 25, 2008

* By: /s/ Susan N. Roth

Susan N. Roth

Attorney-in-Fact

   For all of the Directors   February 25, 2008

 

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SCHEDULE I—SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS –

OTHER THAN INVESTMENTS IN RELATED PARTIES

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

 

Type of Investment

   Cost    Fair
Value
    Amount at which
shown in the
balance sheet
 
          (in millions of dollars)        

Available-for-Sale Fixed Maturity Securities:

       

Bonds

       

United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities

   $ 2,329.0    $ 2,433.9     $ 2,433.9  

States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions

     40.4      41.3       41.3  

Foreign Governments

     1,086.4      1,196.2       1,196.2  

Public Utilities

     5,113.8      5,235.8       5,235.8  

Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities

     4,006.8      4,237.5       4,237.5  

Derivatives Hedging Available-for-Sale

     1.1      (91.1 )     (91.1 )

DIG Issue B36 Embedded Derivatives

     —        (68.8 )     (68.8 )

All Other Corporate Bonds

     21,653.3      22,285.1       22,285.1  

Redeemable Preferred Stocks

     398.4      384.8       384.8  
                       

Total

     34,629.2    $ 35,654.7       35,654.7  
                       

Mortgage Loans

     1,068.9        1,068.9  

Real Estate Acquired in Satisfaction of Debt

     21.3        8.9 *

Other Real Estate

     14.2        9.3 *

Policy Loans

     2,617.7        2,617.7  

Other Long-term Investments

     85.0        104.7 **

Short-term Investments

     1,486.8        1,486.8  
                 
   $ 39,923.1      $ 40,951.0  
                 

 

* Difference between cost and carrying value results from accumulated depreciation and certain valuation allowances.

** Difference between cost and carrying value primarily results from changes in our ownership equity since acquisition.

 

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SCHEDULE II—CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT

Unum Group (Parent Company)

BALANCE SHEETS

 

     December 31  
     2007     2006  
     (in millions of dollars)  

ASSETS

    

Fixed Maturity Securities

    

Available-for-Sale—at fair value (amortized cost: $463.2; $145.1)

   $ 490.0     $ 143.8  

Short-term Investments

     361.5       73.9  

Investment in Subsidiaries

     8,598.4       9,597.7  

Short-term Notes Receivable from Subsidiaries

     —         163.0  

Surplus Note of Subsidiary

     100.0       100.0  

Other Assets

     435.7       415.1  
                

Total Assets

   $ 9,985.6     $ 10,493.5  
                

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

    

LIABILITIES

    

Short-term Debt

   $ 175.0     $ —    

Long-term Debt

     1,269.5       2,162.0  

Other Liabilities

     501.2       612.7  
                

Total Liabilities

     1,945.7       2,774.7  
                

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

    

Common Stock

     36.3       34.4  

Additional Paid-in Capital

     2,516.9       2,200.0  

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

     463.5       612.8  

Retained Earnings

     5,077.4       4,925.8  

Treasury Stock

     (54.2 )     (54.2 )
                

Total Stockholders’ Equity

     8,039.9       7,718.8  
                

Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

   $ 9,985.6     $ 10,493.5  
                

See notes to condensed financial information.

 

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SCHEDULE II—CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT (Continued)

Unum Group (Parent Company)

STATEMENTS OF INCOME

 

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     2006     2005  
     (in millions of dollars)  

Dividends from Subsidiaries

   $ 1,839.3     $ 387.1     $ 784.2  

Interest from Subsidiaries

     11.8       24.3       21.1  

Other Income

     74.6       71.9       63.0  
                        

Total Revenue

     1,925.7       483.3       868.3  
                        

Interest and Debt Expense

     140.2       163.3       207.9  

Cost Related to Early Retirement of Debt

     58.0       23.1       —    

Other Expenses

     40.1       17.8       14.5  
                        

Total Expenses

     238.3       204.2       222.4  
                        

Income Before Income Tax and Equity in Undistributed Earnings (Loss) of Subsidiaries

     1,687.4       279.1       645.9  

Income Tax Benefit

     (20.6 )     (20.3 )     (55.2 )
                        

Income Before Equity in Undistributed Earnings (Loss) of Subsidiaries

     1,708.0       299.4       701.1  

Equity in Undistributed Earnings (Loss) of Subsidiaries

     (1,028.7 )     111.6       (187.5 )
                        

Net Income

   $ 679.3     $ 411.0     $ 513.6  
                        

See notes to condensed financial information.

 

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SCHEDULE II—CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT (Continued)

Unum Group (Parent Company)

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007     2006     2005  
     (in millions of dollars)  

CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES

   $ 946.0     $ 117.4     $ 767.3  
                        

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

      

Proceeds from Sales of Available-for-Sale Securities

     239.7       250.4       88.5  

Proceeds from Maturities of Available-for-Sale Securities

     15.8       5.1       2.5  

Purchases of Available-for-Sale Securities

     (15.1 )     —         (405.8 )

Net Sales (Purchases) of Short-term Investments

     (287.6 )     137.1       (26.0 )

Cash Distributions to Subsidiaries

     (288.5 )     (340.6 )     (5.1 )

Surplus Note Redeemed by Subsidiary

     —         150.0       —    

Other, Net

     (44.1 )     (34.3 )     (20.8 )
                        

CASH PROVIDED (USED) BY INVESTING ACTIVITIES

     (379.8 )     167.7       (366.7 )
                        

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

      

Net Short-term Repayments to Subsidiaries

     —         (42.9 )     (80.1 )

Net Short-term Debt Repayments

     —         —         (227.0 )

Long-term Debt Repayments

     (717.5 )     (700.0 )     —    

Issuance of Common Stock

     307.8       580.0       18.1  

Dividends Paid to Stockholders

     (105.2 )     (95.6 )     (88.7 )

Cost Related to Early Retirement of Debt

     (33.3 )     (15.6 )     —    

Other, Net

     (14.0 )     (12.1 )     (21.2 )
                        

CASH USED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES

     (562.2 )     (286.2 )     (398.9 )
                        

INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH

   $ 4.0     $ (1.1 )   $ 1.7  
                        

See notes to condensed financial information.

 

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SCHEDULE II—CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT (Continued)

Unum Group (Parent Company)

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of Unum Group and Subsidiaries.

Note 2 - Surplus Notes of Subsidiaries

Outstanding surplus debentures, due 2027, issued by an insurance subsidiary to Unum Group (Parent Company) totaled $100.0 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006. At December 31, 2005, Unum Group also held a $150.0 million surplus debenture which was redeemed at maturity in December 2006. Semi-annual interest payments are conditional upon approval by the insurance departments of the subsidiaries’ states of domicile. The weighted average interest rate for surplus notes of subsidiaries was 8.3 percent, 8.2 percent, and 8.4 percent in 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.

Note 3 - Debt

Short-term debt at December 31, 2007 consists of the 5.997% notes due in May 2008. There was no short-term debt outstanding at December 31, 2006.

Long-term debt consists of the following:

 

     December 31
     2007    2006
     (in millions of dollars)

Adjustable Conversion-Rate Equity Security Units @ 8.25% due 2009

   $ —      $ 300.0

Notes @ 7.25% due 2032, callable at or above par

     —        150.0

Notes @ 7.375% due 2032, callable at or above par

     39.5      250.0

Notes @ 6.75% due 2028, callable at or above par

     166.4      250.0

Notes @ 7.25% due 2028, callable at or above par

     200.0      200.0

Notes @ 7.0% due 2018, non-callable

     200.0      200.0

Notes @ 7.625% due 2011, callable at or above par

     225.1      325.0

Notes @ 5.859% due 2009

     150.0      —  

Notes @ 5.997% due 2008

     —        175.0

Junior Subordinated Debt Securities @ 7.405% due 2038

     226.5      250.0

Medium-term Notes @ 7.0% to 7.2% due 2023 to 2028, non-callable

     62.0      62.0
             

Total

   $ 1,269.5    $ 2,162.0
             

The 5.859% notes due 2009 and the junior subordinated debt securities due 2038 are callable under limited, specified circumstances. The remaining callable debt may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time. The aggregate contractual principal maturities are $150.0 million in 2009, $225.1 million in 2011, and $894.4 million in 2018 and thereafter.

In November 2007, we purchased and retired $17.5 million of our outstanding 6.75% notes scheduled to mature in 2028. During December 2007, pursuant to a tender offer, we purchased and retired $23.5 million aggregate liquidation amount of the 7.405% junior subordinated debt securities due 2038; $99.9 million aggregate principal amount of the 7.625% notes due 2011; $210.5 million aggregate principal amount of the 7.375% notes due 2032; and $66.1 million aggregate principal amount of the 6.75% notes due 2028. We also called and retired all $150.0 million principal amount of our outstanding 7.25% notes scheduled to mature in 2032.

 

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SCHEDULE II—CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT (Continued)

Unum Group (Parent Company)

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - CONTINUED

Note 3 - Debt - Continued

In June 2006, pursuant to a tender offer, we purchased and retired $50.0 million aggregate liquidation amount of our outstanding 7.405% junior subordinated debt securities due 2038 and $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of our outstanding 7.625% notes due 2011.

The scheduled remarketing of the senior note element of the adjustable conversion-rate equity security units (units) issued in May 2004 occurred in February 2007, as stipulated by the terms of the original offering, and we reset the interest rate on $300.0 million of senior notes due May 15, 2009 to 5.859%. We purchased $150.0 million of the senior notes in the remarketing which were subsequently retired.

The scheduled remarketing of the senior note element of the units issued in May 2003 occurred in February 2006, as stipulated by the terms of the original offering, and we reset the interest rate on $575.0 million of senior notes due May 15, 2008 to 5.997%. We purchased $400.0 million of the senior notes in the remarketing which were subsequently retired.

In 1998, Provident Financing Trust I (the trust) issued $300.0 million of 7.405% capital securities in a public offering. These capital securities, which mature on March 15, 2038, are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by us, have a liquidation value of $1,000 per capital security, and have a mandatory redemption feature under certain circumstances. We issued 7.405% junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures which mature on March 15, 2038, to the trust in connection with the capital securities offering. The sole assets of the trust are the junior subordinated debt securities.

In December 2007, we entered into $400.0 million 364 day unsecured revolving credit facility. Borrowings under the facility are for general corporate uses and are subject to financial covenants, negative covenants, and events of default that are customary. The facility provides for interest rates based on either the prime rate or the London Interbank Offered Rate, as adjusted. At December 31, 2007 there were no amounts outstanding on the facility.

Unum Group has a shelf registration, which became effective in 2005, with the Securities and Exchange Commission to issue various types of securities, including common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, depository shares, stock purchase contracts, units and warrants, or preferred securities of wholly-owned finance trusts up to an aggregate of $1.0 billion. If utilized, the shelf registration will enable us to raise funds from the offering of any individual security covered by the shelf registration as well as any combination thereof, subject to market conditions and our capital needs. At December 31, 2007, we had $1.0 billion remaining on our shelf registration.

Interest paid on short-term and long-term debt and related securities during 2007, 2006, and 2005 was $144.3 million, $172.2 million, and $210.4 million, respectively.

The cost related to early retirement of debt during 2007 and 2006 decreased income approximately $58.0 million and $23.1 million, respectively, before tax, or $37.7 million and $15.0 million, respectively, after tax.

Note 4 - Guarantees

In November 2005, UnumProvident Finance Company plc, a wholly owned subsidiary, issued $400.0 million of 6.85% senior debentures due 2015 in a private offering. We fully and unconditionally guarantee these debentures. In June 2007 and December 2006, $34.5 million and $32.0 million of these debentures were redeemed by UnumProvident Finance Company plc, respectively.

 

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SCHEDULE II—CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT (Continued)

Unum Group (Parent Company)

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION - CONTINUED

Note 4 - Guarantees - Continued

In connection with the debt issuance, UnumProvident Finance Company plc entered into several foreign currency interest rate swaps and a foreign currency forward contract. We have guaranteed the counterparty will receive required periodic settlement payments and are required to post collateral in the event the contracts are in a net loss position. At December 31, 2007, the notional amount of the foreign currency interest rate swaps outstanding was $333.5 million, and the notional amount of the foreign currency forward contract was $216.3 million. See Note 5 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained herein in Item 8 for further discussion.

 

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SCHEDULE III—SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

 

Segment

   Deferred
Acquisition
Costs
   Reserves for
Future Policy
and Contract
Benefits
   Unearned
Premiums
   Policy and
Contract
Benefits
     (in millions of dollars)

December 31, 2007

           

Unum US

   $ 1,642.5    $ 13,834.8    $ 133.7    $ 983.3

Unum UK

     69.6      2,389.4      215.5      196.5

Colonial Life

     669.8      1,290.8      22.6      144.9

Individual Disability - Closed Block

     —        12,306.1      144.7      209.5

Other

     —        6,006.9      6.6      445.5
                           

Total

   $ 2,381.9    $ 35,828.0    $ 523.1    $ 1,979.7
                           

December 31, 2006

           

Unum US

   $ 2,205.2    $ 12,864.8    $ 130.4    $ 1,237.7

Unum UK

     165.1      2,289.5      216.3      206.1

Colonial Life

     612.8      1,215.6      20.9      140.9

Individual Disability - Closed Block

     —        12,309.4      144.7      213.3

Other

     —        7,010.1      7.8      422.4
                           

Total

   $ 2,983.1    $ 35,689.4    $ 520.1    $ 2,220.4
                           

 

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SCHEDULE III—SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

(continued from preceding page)

 

Segment

   Premium
Income
   Net
Investment
Income (1)
   Benefits and
Change in
Reserves for
Future
Benefits
   Amortization
of Deferred
Acquisition
Costs
   All Other
Expenses (2)
   Premiums
Written (3)
     (in millions of dollars)

Year Ended December 31, 2007

                 

Unum US

   $ 5,014.0    $ 1,129.9    $ 4,246.4    $ 277.1    $ 1,190.5    $ 3,705.5

Unum UK

     968.3      200.4      574.3      49.4      209.3      790.9

Colonial Life

     907.2      99.9      437.8      153.9      170.5      766.6

Individual Disability - Closed Block

     1,009.9      827.2      1,614.5      —        208.4      1,011.5

Other

     1.7      108.4      115.2      —        5.9      0.9

Corporate

     —        44.1      —        —        269.5      —  
                                     

Total

   $ 7,901.1    $ 2,409.9    $ 6,988.2    $ 480.4    $ 2,054.1   
                                     

Year Ended December 31, 2006

                 

Unum US

   $ 5,196.0    $ 1,063.1    $ 4,752.1    $ 302.2    $ 1,217.6    $ 3,728.5

Unum UK

     842.8      174.6      553.5      32.0      174.2      701.1

Colonial Life

     842.1      93.6      441.4      144.4      152.3      713.4

Individual Disability - Closed Block

     1,062.8      828.7      1,709.7      —        215.6      1,052.9

Other

     4.5      113.2      120.5      —        6.6      2.1

Corporate

     —        47.4      —        —        247.8      —  
                                     

Total

   $ 7,948.2    $ 2,320.6    $ 7,577.2    $ 478.6    $ 2,014.1   
                                     

Year Ended December 31, 2005

                 

Unum US

   $ 5,229.0    $ 998.2    $ 4,419.3    $ 306.9    $ 1,221.9    $ 3,721.0

Unum UK

     785.3      154.2      545.8      21.6      190.5      621.3

Colonial Life

     787.0      96.0      433.2      134.7      151.4      674.2

Individual Disability - Closed Block

     1,011.7      770.0      1,562.7      —        234.3      1,003.8

Other

     2.6      120.5      122.2      0.5      6.4      5.5

Corporate

     —        49.4      —        —        214.0      —  
                                     

Total

   $ 7,815.6    $ 2,188.3    $ 7,083.2    $ 463.7    $ 2,018.5   
                                     

 

(1) Net investment income is allocated based upon segmentation. Each segment has its own specifically identified assets and receives the investment income generated by those assets.

 

(2) Includes commissions, interest and debt expense, cost related to early retirement of debt, deferral of acquisition costs, compensation expense, and other expenses. Where not directly attributable to a segment, expenses are generally allocated based on activity levels, time information, and usage statistics.

 

(3) Excludes life insurance.

 

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SCHEDULE IV—REINSURANCE

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

 

     Gross
Amount
   Ceded
to Other
Companies
   Assumed
from Other
Companies
   Net
Amount
   Percentage
Amount
Assumed
to Net
 
     (in millions of dollars)  

Year Ended December 31, 2007

              

Life Insurance in Force

   $ 689,969.3    $ 84,861.2    $ 2,042.4    $ 607,150.5    0.3 %
                              

Premium Income:

              

Life Insurance

   $ 1,919.2    $ 291.3    $ 12.6    $ 1,640.5    0.8 %

Accident and Health Insurance

     6,078.3      94.7      277.0      6,260.6    4.4 %
                              

Total

   $ 7,997.5    $ 386.0    $ 289.6    $ 7,901.1    3.7 %
                              

Year Ended December 31, 2006

              

Life Insurance in Force

   $ 770,946.0    $ 119,225.3    $ 2,123.8    $ 653,844.5    0.3 %
                              

Premium Income:

              

Life Insurance

   $ 2,077.4    $ 329.0    $ 12.7    $ 1,761.1    0.7 %

Accident and Health Insurance

     6,005.2      129.7      311.6      6,187.1    5.0 %
                              

Total

   $ 8,082.6    $ 458.7    $ 324.3    $ 7,948.2    4.1 %
                              

Year Ended December 31, 2005

              

Life Insurance in Force

   $ 832,067.5    $ 148,036.9    $ 2,204.6    $ 686,235.2    0.3 %
                              

Premium Income:

              

Life Insurance

   $ 2,130.6    $ 356.4    $ 12.7    $ 1,786.9    0.7 %

Accident and Health Insurance

     5,946.4      300.9      383.2      6,028.7    6.4 %
                              

Total

   $ 8,077.0    $ 657.3    $ 395.9    $ 7,815.6    5.1 %
                              

 

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SCHEDULE V—VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

 

Description

   Balance at
Beginning
of Period
   Additions
Charged to
Costs and
Expenses
   Additions
Charged to
Other
Accounts (1)
   Deductions (2)    Balance at
End of
Period
     (in millions of dollars)

Year Ended December 31, 2007

              

Mortgage loan loss reserve

   $ 0.5    $ —      $ —      $ 0.5    $ —  

Real estate reserve

   $ 7.6    $ —      $ —      $ —      $ 7.6

Allowance for doubtful accounts (deducted from accounts and premiums receivable)

   $ 21.2    $ 1.2    $ 0.2    $ 5.7    $ 16.9

Year Ended December 31, 2006

              

Mortgage loan loss reserve

   $ —      $ 0.5    $ —      $ —      $ 0.5

Real estate reserve

   $ 7.6    $ —      $ —      $ —      $ 7.6

Allowance for doubtful accounts (deducted from accounts and premiums receivable)

   $ 34.8    $ 15.9    $ 2.9    $ 32.4    $ 21.2

Year Ended December 31, 2005

              

Real estate reserve

   $ 9.3    $ —      $ —      $ 1.7    $ 7.6

Allowance for doubtful accounts (deducted from accounts and premiums receivable)

   $ 27.9    $ 20.7    $ —      $ 13.8    $ 34.8

 

(1) Additions charged to other accounts include amounts related to fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rate.

 

(2) Deductions include amounts deemed to reduce exposure of probable losses, amounts applied to specific loans at time of sale/foreclosure, and amounts deemed uncollectible.

 

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS

With regard to applicable cross-references in this report, the Registrant’s Current, Quarterly, and Annual Reports dated on or after May 1, 2003 are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under File No. 1-11294 and such reports dated prior to May 1, 2003 are filed with the SEC under File No. 1-11834, except as otherwise noted below. The Registrant’s Registration Statements have the file numbers noted wherever such statements are identified in this report.

 

(2.1)   Asset Purchase Agreement Between RBC Life Insurance Company and Provident Life and Accident Insurance Company (Provident) dated November 18, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed March 12, 2004).
(2.2)   Transition Services Agreement Between RBC Life Insurance Company and Provident and UnumProvident Corporation dated November 18, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 of the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed March 12, 2004).
(3.1)   Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Form 10-Q filed August 7, 2007).
(3.2)   Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed August 21, 2007).
(4.1)   Indenture for Senior Debt Securities dated as of March 9, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-100953) filed on November 1, 2002).
(4.2)   Purchase Contract Agreement, dated as of May 7, 2003, between the Registrant and JPMorgan Chase Bank, as Purchase Contract Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on May 9, 2003).
(4.3)   Pledge Agreement, dated as of May 7, 2003, among the Registrant, JPMorgan Chase Bank, as Purchase Contract Agent, and BNY Midwest Trust Company, as Collateral Agent, Custodial Agent and Securities Intermediary (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on May 9, 2003).
(4.4)   Form of Normal Unit Certificate (included in Exhibit 4.1).
(4.5)   Form of Stripped Unit Certificate (included in Exhibit 4.1).
(4.6)   Subscription Agreement for the 12,000,000 Adjustable Conversion-Rate Equity Security Units (“Units”) dated as of May 6, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-115485) filed May 14, 2004).
(4.7)   Registration Rights Agreement for the Units dated as of May 11, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-115485) filed May 14, 2004).
(4.8)   Fifth Supplemental Indenture between the Registrant and JP Morgan Chase Bank as Trustee dated as of May 11, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-115485) filed May 14, 2004).
(4.9)   Purchase Contract Agreement between the Registrant and JP Morgan Chase Bank as Purchase Contract Agent dated as of May 11, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-115485) filed May 14, 2004).
  (4.10)   Pledge Agreement between the Registrant and BNY Midwest Trust Company, as Collateral Agent, Custodial Agent, and Securities Intermediary, and JP Morgan Chase Bank, as Purchase Contract Agent, dated as of May 11, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 of the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-115485) filed May 14, 2004).

Certain instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt securities of Unum Group and its subsidiaries are omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K. Unum Group hereby undertakes to furnish to the SEC, upon request, copies of any such instruments.

 

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Table of Contents
(10.1)   Annual Management Incentive Compensation Plan (MICP), adopted by stockholders May 4, 1994, as amended by stockholders May 1, 1996 and May 7, 1997, as restated and amended by stockholders May 6, 1998, as amended by the Compensation Committee on February 8, 2001, and as amended by the Compensation Committee on February 15, 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed March 28, 2002). Terminated effective December 31, 2002. *
(10.2)   Stock Option Plan, adopted by stockholders May 3, 1989, as amended by the Compensation Committee on January 10, 1990, and October 29, 1991 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of Provident Life and Accident Insurance Company of America’s Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 1991); and as amended by the Compensation Committee on March 17, 1992, and by the stockholders on May 6, 1992 (incorporated by reference to Provident Life and Accident Insurance Company of America’s Form 10-K filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1992). Terminated effective December 31, 1993. *
(10.3)   Provident and Subsidiaries Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of Provident Life Capital Corporation (Capital’s) Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration No. 33-17017). *
(10.4)   Description of Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors (incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to Registrant’s Form 10-K filed January 27, 1993 on Form 8), and amended by the Board of Directors on February 8, 1994 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 of Provident Life and Accident Insurance Company of America’s Form 10-K filed for fiscal year ended December 31, 1993). Discontinued May 1998. *
(10.5)   Stock Plan of 1994, originally adopted by stockholders May 5, 1993, as amended by stockholders on May 1, 1996 and on May 7, 1997, and as amended by the Compensation Committee on February 8, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed March 28, 2001). *
(10.6)   Employee Stock Purchase Plan (of 1995) adopted by stockholders June 13, 1995, as amended by the Board of Directors on February 17, 2004 and approved by stockholders on May 13, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Registrant’s Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 2003). *
(10.7)   Amended and Restated Relationship Agreement between Provident Companies, Inc. and Zurich Insurance Company dated as of May 31, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 of Provident Companies, Inc.’s Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 1996).
(10.8)   Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement between Provident Companies, Inc. and Zurich Insurance Company dated as of May 31, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 of Provident Companies, Inc.’s Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 1996).
(10.9)   UnumProvident Stock Plan of 1999, adopted by stockholders May 6, 1998, as amended by stockholders on June 30, 1999, and as most recently amended by the Compensation Committee on February 17, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed February 24, 2005). *
  (10.10)   UnumProvident Non-Employee Director Compensation Plan of 1998, adopted by stockholders May 6, 1998, and as amended by the Compensation Committee on February 8, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 of the Registrant’s Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 2000). Terminated effective December 31, 2002. *
  (10.11)   Agreement between Provident Companies, Inc. and certain subsidiaries and American General Corporation and certain subsidiaries dated as of December 8, 1997 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of Provident Companies Inc.’s Form 10-Q for fiscal quarter ended September 30, 1998).
  (10.12)   Form of Change in Control Severance Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for fiscal quarter ended September 30, 1999). *
  (10.13)   Unum Corporation’s Deferred Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Unum Corporation’s Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 1995, File No. 1-9254). *

 

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Table of Contents
(10.14)    Incentive Compensation Plan for Designated Executive Officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of Unum Corporation’s Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 1996, File No. 1-9254). *
(10.15)    1990 Unum Corporation Long Term Stock Incentive Plan as amended by the Compensation Committee February 8, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 of the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed March 28, 2001). Terminated effective March 28, 2003. *
(10.16)    1996 Long Term Stock Incentive Plan as amended by the Compensation Committee February 8, 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 of the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed March 28, 2001). Terminated effective March 28, 2003. *
(10.17)    Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Unum Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 dated June 18, 1986). *
(10.18)    Supplemental UnumProvident Pension Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed March 28, 2001). *
(10.19)    Administrative Reinsurance Agreement between Provident and Reassure America Life Insurance Company dated to be effective July 1, 2000 (incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed March 2, 2001).
(10.20)    Provident Companies, Inc. Employee Stock Option Plan of 1998 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 of the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed March 31, 2003). *
(10.21)    UnumProvident Corporation Employee Stock Option Plan (1999) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 of the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed March 31, 2003). *
(10.22)    UnumProvident Corporation Broad Based Stock Plan of 2001 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 of the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed March 31, 2003). *
(10.23)    UnumProvident Corporation Broad Based Stock Plan of 2002 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 of the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed March 31, 2003). *
(10.24)    Amended and Restated Non-Employee Director Compensation Plan of 2004, as approved by the Board of Directors on February 18, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed February 24, 2005). *
(10.25)    Management Incentive Compensation Plan of 2004 adopted by the Board of Directors on February 17, 2004 and approved by the stockholders on May 13, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 of the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed March 12, 2004). *
(10.26)    Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement for awards under the Stock Plan of 1999, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed February 24, 2005). *
(10.27)    Amended and Restated Senior Executive Retirement Plan of UnumProvident Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed August 17, 2005). *
(10.28)    California Settlement Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed October 3, 2005).
(10.29)    Amendment to Regulatory Settlement Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed October 3, 2005).
(10.30)    Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Registrant and F. Dean Copeland dated November 17, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed November 21, 2005). *
(10.31)    Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Thomas R. Watjen dated December 16, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed December 21, 2005). *
(10.32)    Unum Group Stock Incentive Plan of 2007. *
(10.33)    Form of Restricted Stock Agreement with Employee for awards under the Stock Incentive Plan of 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q filed August 7, 2007). *

 

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Table of Contents
(10.34)   Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement with Employee for awards under the Stock Incentive Plan of 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q filed August 7, 2007). *
(10.35)   Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Agreement for awards under the Stock Incentive Plan of 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q filed August 7, 2007). *
(10.36)   Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for awards under the Stock Incentive Plan of 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q filed November 5, 2007). *
(10.37)   Form of Restricted Stock Agreement with Director for awards under the Stock Incentive Plan of 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q filed August 7, 2007). *
(10.38)   Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement with Director for awards under the Stock Incentive Plan of 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q filed August 7, 2007). *
(10.39)   Aircraft Time-Sharing Agreement dated December 4, 2007, by and between Thomas R. Watjen and Unum Group (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed December 6, 2007). *
(10.40)   Credit Agreement dated as of December 13, 2007, among the Registrant, the lenders named therein, Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch and SunTrust Bank, as documentation agents, Bank of America, N.A., as syndication agent, and Wachovia Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, issuing lender and swingline lender.
(11)       Statement Regarding Computation of per Share Earnings (incorporated herein by reference to “Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements”).
(12.1)   Statement Regarding Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.
(14)       Code of Ethics for CEO and Financial Executives of UnumProvident Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14 of the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed March 12, 2004).
(21)       Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
(23)       Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
(24)       Power of Attorney.
(31.1)   Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(31.2)   Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(32.1)   Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(32.2)   Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

* Management contract or compensatory plan required to be filed as an exhibit to this form pursuant to Item 15(c) of Form 10-K.

 

179

EX-10.32 2 dex1032.htm UNUM GROUP STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN OF 2007 Unum Group Stock Incentive Plan of 2007

Exhibit 10.32

UNUM GROUP

STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN OF 2007

SECTION 1. Purpose; Definitions

The purpose of this Plan is to give the Company a competitive advantage in attracting, retaining and motivating officers, employees, directors and/or consultants and to provide the Company and its Subsidiaries and Affiliates with a long-term incentive plan providing incentives directly linked to stockholder value. Certain terms used herein have definitions given to them in the first place in which they are used. In addition, for purposes of this Plan, the following terms are defined as set forth below:

(a) “Affiliate” means a corporation or other entity controlled by, controlling or under common control with, the Company.

(b) “Applicable Exchange” means the New York Stock Exchange or such other securities exchange as may at the applicable time be the principal market for the Common Stock.

(c) “Award” means an Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Unit, Performance Units or Other Stock-Based Award granted pursuant to the terms of this Plan.

(d) “Award Agreement” means a written document or agreement setting forth the terms and conditions of a specific Award.

(e) “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.

(f) “Cause” means, unless otherwise provided in an Award Agreement, (i) “Cause” as defined in any Individual Agreement to which the applicable Participant is a party, or (ii) if there is no such Individual Agreement or if it does not define Cause: (A) conviction of the Participant for committing a felony under federal law or the law of the state in which such action occurred, (B) dishonesty in the course of fulfilling the Participant’s employment duties, (C) failure on the part of the Participant to perform substantially such Participant’s employment duties in any material respect, (D) a material violation of the Company’s ethics and compliance program, or (E) before a Change in Control, such other events as shall be determined by the Committee and set forth in a Participant’s Award Agreement. Notwithstanding the general rule of Section 2(c), following a Change in Control, any determination by the Committee as to whether “Cause” exists shall be subject to de novo review.

(g) “Change in Control” has the meaning set forth in Section 10(b).

(h) “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, and any successor thereto, the Treasury Regulations thereunder and other relevant interpretive guidance issued by the Internal Revenue Service or the Treasury Department.


Reference to any specific section of the Code shall be deemed to include such regulations and guidance, as well as any successor provision of the Code.

(i) “Commission” means the Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor agency.

(j) “Committee” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a).

(k) “Common Stock” means common stock, par value $.10 per share, of the Company.

(l) “Company” means Unum Group, a Delaware corporation.

(m) “Disability” means (i) “Disability” as defined in any Individual Agreement to which the Participant is a party, (ii) if there is no such Individual Agreement or it does not define “Disability,” (A) any illness or other physical or mental condition of a Participant that renders the Participant incapable of performing his customary and usual duties for the Company, or any medically determinable illness or other physical or mental condition resulting from a bodily injury, disease or mental disorder which, in the judgment of the Committee, is permanent and continuous in nature, or (B) if there is no such plan applicable to the Participant, “Disability” as determined by the Committee. The Committee may require such medical or other evidence as it deems necessary to judge the nature and permanency of the Participant’s condition. Notwithstanding the above, with respect to an Incentive Stock Option, Disability shall mean Permanent and Total Disability as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Code and, to the extent required by Section 409A of the Code, “disability” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code.

(n) “Disaffiliation” means a Subsidiary’s or Affiliate’s ceasing to be a Subsidiary or Affiliate for any reason (including, without limitation, as a result of a public offering, or a spinoff or sale by the Company, of the stock of the Subsidiary or Affiliate) or a sale of a division of the Company and its Affiliates.

(o) “Eligible Individuals” means directors, officers, employees and consultants of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates, and prospective employees and consultants who have accepted offers of employment or consultancy from the Company or its Subsidiaries or Affiliates.

(p) “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time, and any successor thereto.

(q) “Fair Market Value” means, unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the closing price of a share of Common Stock on the Applicable Exchange on the date of measurement, or if Shares were not traded on the Applicable Exchange on such measurement date, then on the next preceding date on which Shares were traded, all as reported by such source

 

2


as the Committee may select. If the Common Stock is not listed on a national securities exchange, Fair Market Value shall be determined by the Committee in its good faith discretion.

(r) “Free-Standing SAR” has the meaning set forth in Section 5(b).

(s) “Full-Value Award” means any Award other than an Option or Stock Appreciation Right.

(t) “Grant Date” means (i) the date on which the Committee by resolution selects an Eligible Individual to receive a grant of an Award and determines the number of Shares to be subject to such Award, or (ii) such later date as the Committee shall provide in such resolution.

(u) “Incentive Stock Option” means any Option that is designated in the applicable Award Agreement as an “incentive stock option” within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code, and that in fact so qualifies.

(v) “Individual Agreement” means an employment, consulting or similar agreement between a Participant and the Company or one of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates.

(w) “Nonqualified Option” means any Option that is not an Incentive Stock Option.

(x) “Option” means an Award granted under Section 5.

(y) “Other Stock-Based Award” means Awards of Common Stock and other Awards that are valued in whole or in part by reference to, or are otherwise based upon, Common Stock, including (without limitation), unrestricted stock, dividend equivalents, and convertible debentures.

(z) “Participant” means an Eligible Individual to whom an Award is or has been granted.

(aa) “Performance Goals” means the performance goals established by the Committee in connection with the grant of Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Performance Units or Other Stock-Based Awards. In the case of Qualified Performance-Based Awards, (i) such goals shall be based on the attainment of specified levels of one or more of the following measures: overall or selected premium or sales growth, expense efficiency ratios (ratio of expenses to premium income), market share, customer service measures or indices, underwriting efficiency and/or quality, persistency factors, return on net assets, economic value added, shareholder value added, embedded value added, combined ratio, expense ratio, loss ratio, premiums, risk based capital, revenues, revenue growth, earnings (including earnings before taxes, earnings before interest and taxes or earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization), earnings per share, operating income (including non-pension operating income), pre- or after-tax income, net income, cash flow (before or after dividends), cash flow per share (before or after dividends), gross margin, return on equity, return on capital (including return on total capital or return on invested capital), cash flow return on investment, return on assets or operating assets, economic

 

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value added (or an equivalent metric), stock price appreciation, total stockholder return (measured in terms of stock price appreciation and dividend growth), cost control, gross profit, operating profit, cash generation, unit volume, stock price, market share, sales, asset quality, cost saving levels, marketing-spending efficiency, core non-interest income, or change in working capital with respect to the Company or any one or more subsidiaries, divisions, business units or business segments of the Company either in absolute terms or relative to the performance of one or more other companies or an index covering multiple companies and (ii) such Performance Goals shall be set by the Committee within the time period prescribed by Section 162(m) of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

(bb) “Performance Period” means that period established by the Committee at the time any Performance Unit is granted or at any time thereafter during which any Performance Goals specified by the Committee with respect to such Award are to be measured.

(cc) “Performance Unit” means any Award granted under Section 8 of a unit valued by reference to a designated amount of cash or other property other than Shares, which value may be paid to the Participant by delivery of such property as the Committee shall determine, including, without limitation, cash, Shares, or any combination thereof, upon achievement of such Performance Goals during the Performance Period as the Committee shall establish at the time of such grant or thereafter.

(dd) “Plan” means this Unum Group Stock Incentive Plan of 2007, as set forth herein and as hereafter amended from time to time.

(ee) “Qualified Performance-Based Award” means an Award intended to qualify for the Section 162(m) Exemption, as provided in Section 11.

(ff) “Restricted Stock” means an Award granted under Section 6.

(gg) “Restricted Stock Units” means an Award granted under Section 7.

(hh) “Retirement” means the Participant’s Termination of Employment after the attainment of age 65 or the attainment of age 55 and at least 15 years of service.

(ii) “Section 162(m) Exemption” means the exemption from the limitation on deductibility imposed by Section 162(m) of the Code that is set forth in Section 162(m)(4)(C) of the Code.

(jj) “Share” means a share of Common Stock.

(kk) “Stock Appreciation Right” has the meaning set forth in Section 5(b).

(ll) “Subsidiary” means any corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or other entity during any period in which at least a 50% voting or profits interest is owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company or any successor to the Company.

 

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(mm) “Tandem SAR” has the meaning set forth in Section 5(b).

(nn) “Term” means the maximum period during which an Option or Stock Appreciation Right may remain outstanding, subject to earlier termination upon Termination of Employment or otherwise, as specified in the applicable Award Agreement.

(oo) “Termination of Employment” means the termination of the applicable Participant’s employment with, or performance of services for, the Company and any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, (i) if a Participant’s employment with the Company and its Affiliates terminates but such Participant continues to provide services to the Company and its Affiliates in a non-employee capacity, such change in status shall not be deemed a Termination of Employment and (ii) a Participant employed by, or performing services for, a Subsidiary or an Affiliate or a division of the Company and its Affiliates shall be deemed to incur a Termination of Employment if, as a result of a Disaffiliation, such Subsidiary, Affiliate, or division ceases to be a Subsidiary, Affiliate or division, as the case may be, and the Participant does not immediately thereafter become an employee of, or service provider for, the Company or another Subsidiary or Affiliate. Temporary absences from employment because of illness, vacation or leave of absence and transfers among the Company and its Subsidiaries and Affiliates shall not be considered Terminations of Employment.

SECTION 2. Administration

(a) Committee. The Plan shall be administered by the Human Capital Committee of the Board or such other committee of the Board as the Board may from time to time designate (the “Committee”), which shall be composed of not less than two directors, and shall be appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the Board. The Committee shall, subject to Section 11, have plenary authority to grant Awards pursuant to the terms of the Plan to Eligible Individuals. Among other things, the Committee shall have the authority, subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan:

(i) to select the Eligible Individuals to whom Awards may from time to time be granted;

(ii) to determine whether and to what extent Incentive Stock Options, Nonqualified Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Performance Units, Other Stock-Based Awards, or any combination thereof, are to be granted hereunder;

(iii) to determine the number of Shares to be covered by each Award granted hereunder;

(iv) to determine the terms and conditions of each Award granted hereunder, based on such factors as the Committee shall determine;

 

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(v) subject to Section 12, to modify, amend or adjust the terms and conditions of any Award;

(vi) to adopt, alter and repeal such administrative rules, guidelines and practices governing the Plan as it shall from time to time deem advisable;

(vii) to interpret the terms and provisions of the Plan and any Award issued under the Plan (and any agreement relating thereto);

(viii) subject to Section 12, to accelerate the vesting or lapse of restrictions of any outstanding Award, based in each case on such considerations as the Committee in its sole discretion determines;

(ix) to decide all other matters that must be determined in connection with an Award;

(x) to determine whether, to what extent and under what circumstances cash, Shares and other property and other amounts payable with respect to an Award under this Plan shall be deferred either automatically or at the election of the Participant;

(xi) to establish any “blackout” period that the Committee in its sole discretion deems necessary or advisable; and

(xii) to otherwise administer the Plan.

(b) Procedures.

(i) The Committee may act only by a majority of its members then in office, except that the Committee may, except to the extent prohibited by applicable law or the listing standards of the Applicable Exchange and subject to Section 11, allocate all or any portion of its responsibilities and powers to any one or more of its members and may delegate all or any part of its responsibilities and powers to any person or persons selected by it.

(ii) Subject to Section 11(c), any authority granted to the Committee may also be exercised by the full Board. To the extent that any permitted action taken by the Board conflicts with action taken by the Committee, the Board action shall control.

(c) Discretion of Committee. Subject to Section 1(f), any determination made by the Committee or by an appropriately delegated officer pursuant to delegated authority under the provisions of the Plan with respect to any Award shall be made in the sole discretion of the Committee or such delegate at the time of the grant of the Award or, unless in contravention of any express term of the Plan, at any time thereafter. All decisions made by the Committee or any appropriately delegated officer pursuant to the provisions of the Plan shall be final and binding on all persons, including the Company, Participants, and Eligible Individuals.

 

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(d) Cancellation or Suspension. Subject to Section 5(d), the Committee shall have full power and authority to determine whether, to what extent and under what circumstances any Award shall be canceled or suspended. In particular, but without limitation, all outstanding Awards to any Participant may be canceled if the Participant, without the consent of the Committee, while employed by the Company or after termination of such employment, becomes associated with, employed by, renders services to, or owns any interest in (other than any nonsubstantial interest, as determined by the Committee), any business that is in competition with the Company or with any business in which the Company has a substantial interest, as determined by the Committee or any one or more Senior Managers or committee of senior managers to whom the authority to make such determination is delegated by the Committee.

(e) Award Agreements. The terms and conditions of each Award, as determined by the Committee, shall be set forth in a written (or electronic) Award Agreement, which shall be delivered to the Participant receiving such Award upon, or as promptly as is reasonably practicable following, the grant of such Award. The effectiveness of an Award shall be subject to the Award Agreement’s being signed by the Company and/or the Participant receiving the Award unless otherwise provided in the Award Agreement. Award Agreements may be amended only in accordance with Section 12 hereof.

SECTION 3. Common Stock Subject to Plan

(a) Plan Maximums. The maximum number of Shares that may be granted pursuant to Awards under the Plan shall be 35,000,000. The maximum number of Shares that may be granted pursuant to Options intended to be Incentive Stock Options shall be 1,000,000 Shares. Shares subject to an Award under the Plan may be authorized and unissued Shares.

(b) Individual Limits. No Participant may be granted Awards covering in excess of 1,000,000 Shares during any calendar year.

(c) Rules for Calculating Shares Delivered. For purposes of the limits set forth in Sections 3(a) and 3(b), each Full Value Award shall be counted as 2.7 Shares. To the extent that any Award is forfeited, or any Option and the related Tandem SAR (if any) or Free-Standing SAR terminates, expires or lapses without being exercised, or any Award is settled for cash, the Shares subject to such Awards not delivered as a result thereof shall again be available for Awards under the Plan. If the exercise price of any Option and/or the tax withholding obligations relating to any Award are satisfied by delivering Shares (either actually or through attestation) or withholding Shares relating to such Award, the gross number of Shares subject to the Award shall nonetheless be deemed to have been granted for purposes of the first sentence of Section 3(a).

(d) Adjustment Provision. In the event of a merger, consolidation, acquisition of property or shares, stock rights offering, liquidation, separation, spinoff, Disaffiliation, extra-ordinary dividend of cash or other property, or similar event affecting the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (each, a “Corporate Transaction”), the Committee or the Board may in its discretion

 

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make such substitutions or adjustments as it deems appropriate and equitable to (A) the aggregate number and kind of Shares or other securities reserved for issuance and delivery under the Plan, (B) the various maximum limitations set forth in Sections 3(a) and 3(b) upon certain types of Awards and upon the grants to individuals of certain types of Awards, (C) the number and kind of Shares or other securities subject to outstanding Awards; and (D) the exercise price of outstanding Awards. In the event of a stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, share combination, or recapitalization or similar event affecting the capital structure of the Company (each, a “Share Change”), the Committee or the Board shall make such substitutions or adjustments as it deems appropriate and equitable to (A) the aggregate number and kind of Shares or other securities reserved for issuance and delivery under the Plan, (B) the various maximum limitations set forth in Sections 3(a) and 3(b) upon certain types of Awards and upon the grants to individuals of certain types of Awards, (C) the number and kind of Shares or other securities subject to outstanding Awards; and (D) the exercise price of outstanding Awards. In the case of Corporate Transactions, such adjustments may include, without limitation, (1) the cancellation of outstanding Awards in exchange for payments of cash, property or a combination thereof having an aggregate value equal to the value of such Awards, as determined by the Committee or the Board in its sole discretion (it being understood that in the case of a Corporate Transaction with respect to which stockholders of Common Stock receive consideration other than publicly traded equity securities of the ultimate surviving entity, any such determination by the Committee that the value of an Option or Stock Appreciation Right shall for this purpose be deemed to equal the excess, if any, of the value of the consideration being paid for each Share pursuant to such Corporate Transaction over the exercise price of such Option or Stock Appreciation Right shall conclusively be deemed valid); (2) the substitution of other property (including, without limitation, cash or other securities of the Company and securities of entities other than the Company) for the Shares subject to outstanding Awards; and (3) in connection with any Disaffiliation, arranging for the assumption of Awards, or replacement of Awards with new awards based on other property or other securities (including, without limitation, other securities of the Company and securities of entities other than the Company), by the affected Subsidiary, Affiliate, or division or by the entity that controls such Subsidiary, Affiliate, or division following such Disaffiliation (as well as any corresponding adjustments to Awards that remain based upon Company securities). The Committee shall adjust the Performance Goals applicable to any Awards to reflect any unusual or non-recurring events and other extraordinary items, impact of charges for restructurings, discontinued operations, and the cumulative effects of accounting or tax changes, each as defined by generally accepted accounting principles or as identified in the Company’s financial statements, notes to the financial statements, management’s discussion and analysis or other the Company’s SEC filings, provided that in the case of Performance Goals applicable to any Qualified Performance-Based Awards, such adjustment does not violate Section 162(m) of the Code.

(e) Section 409A. Notwithstanding the foregoing: (i) any adjustments made pursuant to Section 3(d) to Awards that are considered “deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code shall be made in compliance with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code; (ii) any adjustments made pursuant to Section 3(d) to Awards that are not considered “deferred compensation” subject to Section 409A of the Code shall be made in such a manner as

 

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to ensure that after such adjustment, the Awards either (A) continue not to be subject to Section 409A of the Code or (B) comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code; and (iii) in any event, neither the Committee nor the Board shall have the authority to make any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(d) to the extent the existence of such authority would cause an Award that is not intended to be subject to Section 409A of the Code at the Grant Date to be subject thereto.

SECTION 4. Eligibility

Awards may be granted under the Plan to Eligible Individuals; provided, however, that Incentive Stock Options may be granted only to employees of the Company and its subsidiaries or parent corporation (within the meaning of Section 424(f) of the Code).

SECTION 5. Options and Stock Appreciation Rights

(a) Types of Options. Options may be of two types: Incentive Stock Options and Nonqualified Options. The Award Agreement for an Option shall indicate whether the Option is intended to be an Incentive Stock Option or a Nonqualified Option.

(b) Types and Nature of Stock Appreciation Rights. Stock Appreciation Rights may be “Tandem SARs,” which are granted in conjunction with an Option, or “Free-Standing SARs,” which are not granted in conjunction with an Option. Upon the exercise of a Stock Appreciation Right, the Participant shall be entitled to receive an amount in cash, Shares, or both, in value equal to the product of (i) the excess of the Fair Market Value of one Share over the exercise price of the applicable Stock Appreciation Right, multiplied by (ii) the number of Shares in respect of which the Stock Appreciation Right has been exercised. The applicable Award Agreement shall specify whether such payment is to be made in cash or Common Stock or both, or shall reserve to the Committee or the Participant the right to make that determination prior to or upon the exercise of the Stock Appreciation Right.

(c) Tandem SARs. A Tandem SAR may be granted at the Grant Date of the related Option. A Tandem SAR shall be exercisable only at such time or times and to the extent that the related Option is exercisable in accordance with the provisions of this Section 5, and shall have the same exercise price as the related Option. A Tandem SAR shall terminate or be forfeited upon the exercise or forfeiture of the related Option, and the related Option shall terminate or be forfeited upon the exercise or forfeiture of the Tandem SAR.

(d) Exercise Price. The exercise price per Share subject to an Option or Free-Standing SAR shall be determined by the Committee and set forth in the applicable Award Agreement, and shall not be less than the Fair Market Value of a share of the Common Stock on the applicable Grant Date. In no event may any Option, Tandem SAR, or Free-Standing SAR granted under this Plan be amended, other than pursuant to Section 3(d), to decrease the exercise price thereof, be cancelled in conjunction with the grant of any new Option or Free-Standing SAR with a lower exercise price, or otherwise be subject to any action that would be treated, for

 

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accounting purposes, as a “repricing” of such Option or Free-Standing SAR, unless such amendment, cancellation, or action is approved by the Company’s stockholders.

(e) Term. The Term of each Option and each Free-Standing SAR shall be fixed by the Committee, but shall not exceed ten years from the Grant Date.

(f) Vesting and Exercisability. Except as otherwise provided herein, Options and Free-Standing SARs shall be exercisable at such time or times and subject to such terms and conditions as shall be determined by the Committee, provided that, except as otherwise determined by the Committee, in no event shall the normal vesting schedule of an Option or Free-Standing SAR provide that such Option or Free-Standing SAR vest prior to the first anniversary of the date of grant (other than in the case of death or Disability).

(g) Method of Exercise. Subject to the provisions of this Section 5, Options and Free-Standing SARs may be exercised, in whole or in part, at any time during the applicable term by giving written notice of exercise to the Company specifying the number of shares of Common Stock as to which the Option or Free-Standing SAR is being exercised. In the case of the exercise of an Option, such notice shall be accompanied by payment in full of the purchase price (which shall equal the product of such number of shares multiplied by the applicable exercise price) by certified or bank check or such other instrument as the Company may accept. If approved by the Committee, payment, in full or in part, may also be made as follows:

(i) Payments made be made in the form of unrestricted shares of Common Stock (by delivery of such shares or by attestation) of the same class as the Common Stock subject to the Option already owned by the Participant (based on the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the date the Option is exercised).

(ii) To the extent permitted by applicable law, payment may be made by delivering a properly executed exercise notice to the Company, together with a copy of irrevocable instructions to a broker to deliver promptly to the Company the amount of sale or loan proceeds necessary to pay the purchase price, and, if requested, the amount of any federal, state, local or foreign withholding taxes. To facilitate the foregoing, the Company may, to the extent permitted by applicable law, enter into agreements for coordinated procedures with one or more brokerage firms. To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Committee may also provide for Company loans to be made for purposes of the exercise of Options.

(iii) Payment may be made by instructing the Company to withhold a number of shares of Common Stock having a Fair Market Value (based on the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock on the date the applicable Option is exercised) equal to product of (A) the exercise price multiplied by (B) the number of shares of Common Stock in respect of which the Option shall have been exercised.

(h) Delivery; Rights of Stockholders. No Shares shall be delivered pursuant to the exercise of an Option until the exercise price therefor has been fully paid and applicable taxes

 

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have been withheld. The applicable Participant shall have all of the rights of a stockholder of the Company holding the class or series of Common Stock that is subject to the Option or Stock Appreciation Right (including, if applicable, the right to vote the applicable Shares and the right to receive dividends), when the Participant (i) has given written notice of exercise, (ii) if requested, has given the representation described in Section 14(a), and (iii) in the case of an Option, has paid in full for such Shares.

(i) Nontransferability of Options and Stock Appreciation Rights. No Option or Free-Standing SAR shall be transferable by a Participant other than, for no value or consideration, (i) by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, or (ii) in the case of a Nonqualified Option or Free-Standing SAR, as otherwise expressly permitted by the Committee including, if so permitted, pursuant to a transfer to the Participant’s family members, whether directly or indirectly or by means of a trust or partnership or otherwise. For purposes of this Plan, unless otherwise determined by the Committee, “family member” shall have the meaning given to such term in General Instructions A.1(a)(5) to Form S-8 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any successor thereto. A Tandem SAR shall be transferable only with the related Option as permitted by the preceding sentence. Any Option or Stock Appreciation Right shall be exercisable, subject to the terms of this Plan, only by the applicable Participant, the guardian or legal representative of such Participant, or any person to whom such Option or Stock Appreciation Right is permissibly transferred pursuant to this Section 5(i), it being understood that the term “Participant” includes such guardian, legal representative and other transferee; provided, however, that the term “Termination of Employment” shall continue to refer to the Termination of Employment of the original Participant.

(j) Termination of Employment. A Participant’s Options and Stock Appreciation Rights shall be forfeited upon his or her Termination of Employment, except as set forth below:

(i) Upon a Participant’s Termination of Employment for any reason other than death, Disability, Retirement or for Cause, any Option or Stock Appreciation Right held by the Participant that was exercisable immediately before the Termination of Employment may be exercised at any time until the earlier of (A) the 90th day following such Termination of Employment and (B) expiration of the Term thereof;

(ii) Upon a Participant’s Termination of Employment by reason of the Participant’s death, any Option or Stock Appreciation Right held by the Participant shall vest and be exercisable at any time until the earlier of (A) the third anniversary of the date of such death and (B) the expiration of the Term thereof;

(iii) Upon a Participant’s Termination of Employment by reason of Disability, any Option or Stock Appreciation Right held by the Participant shall vest and be exercisable at any time until the expiration of the Term thereof;

(iv) Upon a Participant’s Termination of Employment for Retirement, any Option or Stock Appreciation Right held by the Participant shall vest and be exercisable

 

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at any time until the earlier of (A) the fifth anniversary of such Termination of Employment and (B) expiration of the Term thereof; and

(k) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee shall have the power, in its discretion, to apply different rules concerning the consequences of a Termination of Employment, provided, that if such rules are less favorable to the Participant than those set forth above, such rules are set forth in the applicable Award Agreement.

SECTION 6. Restricted Stock

(a) Nature of Awards and Certificates. Shares of Restricted Stock are actual Shares issued to a Participant, and shall be evidenced in such manner as the Committee may deem appropriate, including book-entry registration or issuance of one or more stock certificates. Any certificate issued in respect of Shares of Restricted Stock shall be registered in the name of the applicable Participant and shall bear an appropriate legend referring to the terms, conditions, and restrictions applicable to such Award, substantially in the following form:

“The transferability of this certificate and the shares of stock represented hereby are subject to the terms and conditions (including forfeiture) of the Unum Group, Stock Incentive Plan of 2007 and an Award Agreement. Copies of such Plan and Agreement are on file at the offices of Unum Group, 1 Fountain Square, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37402.”

The Committee may require that the certificates evidencing such shares be held in custody by the Company until the restrictions thereon shall have lapsed and that, as a condition of any Award of Restricted Stock, the applicable Participant shall have delivered a stock power, endorsed in blank, relating to the Common Stock covered by such Award.

(b) Terms and Conditions. Shares of Restricted Stock shall be subject to the following terms and conditions:

(i) The Committee shall, prior to or at the time of grant, condition (A) the vesting of an Award of Restricted Stock upon the continued service of the applicable Participant or (B) the grant or vesting of an Award of Restricted Stock upon the attainment of Performance Goals or the attainment of Performance Goals and the continued service of the applicable Participant. In the event that the Committee conditions the grant or vesting of an Award of Restricted Stock upon the attainment of Performance Goals or the attainment of Performance Goals and the continued service of the applicable Participant, the Committee may, prior to or at the time of grant, designate an Award of Restricted Stock as a Qualified Performance-Based Award. The conditions for grant or vesting and the other provisions of Restricted Stock Awards (including without limitation any applicable Performance Goals) need not be the same with respect to each recipient.

 

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(ii) Subject to the provisions of the Plan and the applicable Award Agreement, during the period, if any, set by the Committee, commencing with the date of such Restricted Stock Award for which such vesting restrictions apply (the “Restriction Period”), and until the expiration of the Restriction Period, the Participant shall not be permitted to sell, assign, transfer, pledge or otherwise encumber Shares of Restricted Stock. Subject to the terms of the Plan and the applicable Award Agreement, any Award of Restricted Stock shall be subject to vesting during the Restriction Period of at least three years following the date of grant, provided that a Restriction Period of at least one year following the date of grant is permissible if vesting is conditioned upon the achievement of Performance Goals, and provided, further that an Award may vest in part on a pro rata basis prior to the expiration of any Restriction Period, and provided, further, that up to five percent of Shares available for grant as Restricted Stock (together with all other Shares available for grant as Full-Value Awards) may be granted without regard to the foregoing requirements and the Committee may accelerate the vesting and lapse any restrictions with respect to any such Restricted Stock Awards.

(iii) Except as provided in this Section 6 and in the applicable Award Agreement, the applicable Participant shall have, with respect to the Shares of Restricted Stock, all of the rights of a stockholder of the Company holding the class or series of Common Stock that is the subject of the Restricted Stock, including, if applicable, the right to vote the Shares and the right to receive any cash dividends. If so determined by the Committee in the applicable Award Agreement and subject to Section 14(e), (A) cash dividends on the class or series of Common Stock that is the subject of the Restricted Stock Award shall be automatically deferred and reinvested in additional Restricted Stock, held subject to the vesting of the underlying Restricted Stock, and (B) subject to any adjustment pursuant to Section 3(d), dividends payable in Common Stock shall be paid in the form of Restricted Stock of the same class as the Common Stock with which such dividend was paid, held subject to the vesting of the underlying Restricted Stock.

(iv) If and when any applicable Performance Goals are satisfied and the Restriction Period expires without a prior forfeiture of the Shares of Restricted Stock for which legended certificates have been issued, unlegended certificates for such Shares shall be delivered to the Participant upon surrender of the legended certificates.

SECTION 7. Restricted Stock Units

(a) Nature of Awards. Restricted Stock Units are Awards denominated in Shares that will be settled, subject to the terms and conditions of the Restricted Stock Units, in an amount in cash, Shares, or both, based upon the Fair Market Value of a specified number of Shares.

(b) Terms and Conditions. Restricted Stock Units shall be subject to the following terms and conditions:

 

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(i) The Committee shall, prior to or at the time of grant, condition (A) the vesting of Restricted Stock Units upon the continued service of the applicable Participant or (B) the grant or vesting of Restricted Stock Units upon the attainment of Performance Goals or the attainment of Performance Goals and the continued service of the applicable Participant. In the event that the Committee conditions the grant or vesting of Restricted Stock Units upon the attainment of Performance Goals or the attainment of Performance Goals and the continued service of the applicable Participant, the Committee may, prior to or at the time of grant, designate the Restricted Stock Units as a Qualified Performance-Based Awards. The conditions for grant or vesting and the other provisions of Restricted Stock Units (including without limitation any applicable Performance Goals) need not be the same with respect to each recipient. An Award of Restricted Stock Units shall be settled as and when the Restricted Stock Units vest or at a later time specified by the Committee or in accordance with an election of the Participant, if the Committee so permits.

(ii) Subject to the provisions of the Plan and the applicable Award Agreement, during the period, if any, set by the Committee, commencing with the date of such Restricted Stock Units for which such vesting restrictions apply (the “Restriction Period”), and until the expiration of the Restriction Period, the Participant shall not be permitted to sell, assign, transfer, pledge or otherwise encumber Restricted Stock Units. Subject to the terms of the Plan and the applicable Award Agreement, any Restricted Stock Units shall be subject to vesting during the Restriction Period of at least three years following the date of grant, provided that a Restriction Period of at least one year following the date of grant is permissible if vesting is conditioned upon the achievement of Performance Goals, and provided, further that a Restricted Stock Unit may vest in part prior to the expiration of any Restriction Period, and provided, further, that up to five percent of Shares available for grant as Restricted Stock Units (together with all other Shares available for grant as Full-Value Awards) may be granted without regard to the foregoing requirements and the Committee may accelerate the vesting and lapse any restrictions with respect to any such Restricted Stock Units.

(iii) The Award Agreement for Restricted Stock Units shall specify whether, to what extent and on what terms and conditions the applicable Participant shall be entitled to receive current or deferred payments of cash, Common Stock or other property corresponding to the dividends payable on the Common Stock (subject to Section 14(e) below).

SECTION 8. Performance Units.

Performance Units may be issued hereunder to Eligible Individuals, for no cash consideration or for such minimum consideration as may be required by applicable law, either alone or in addition to other Awards granted under the Plan. The Performance Goals to be achieved during any Performance Period and the length of the Performance Period shall be determined by the Committee upon the grant of each Performance Unit, provided that the

 

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Performance Period shall be no less than one year following the date of grant. The Committee may, in connection with the grant of Performance Units, designate them as Qualified Performance-Based Awards. The conditions for grant or vesting and the other provisions of Performance Units (including without limitation any applicable Performance Goals) need not be the same with respect to each recipient. Performance Units may be paid in cash, Shares, other property or any combination thereof, in the sole discretion of the Committee as set forth in the applicable Award Agreement. The performance levels to be achieved for each Performance Period and the amount of the Award to be distributed shall be conclusively determined by the Committee. Performance Units may be paid in a lump sum or in installments following the close of the Performance Period. The maximum value of the property, including cash, that may be paid or distributed to any Participant pursuant to a grant of Performance Units made in any one calendar year shall be five million dollars ($5,000,000).

SECTION 9. Other Stock-Based Awards

Other Stock-Based Awards may be granted under the Plan, provided that any Other Stock-Based Awards that are Awards of Common Stock that are unrestricted shall only be granted in lieu of other compensation due and payable to the Participant. Subject to the terms of the Plan, any Other Stock-Based Award that is a Full-Value Award shall be subject to vesting during a Restriction Period of at least three years following the date of grant, provided that a Restriction Period of at least one year following the date of grant is permissible if vesting is conditioned upon the achievement of Performance Goals, and provided, further that an Other Stock-Based Award that is a Full-Value Award may vest in part on a pro rata basis prior to the expiration of any Restriction Period, provided, further, that up to five percent of Shares available for grant as Other Stock-Based Awards that are Full-Value Awards (together with all other Shares available for grant as Full-Value Awards) may be granted with a Restriction Period of at least one year following the date of grant regardless of whether vesting is conditioned upon the achievement of Performance Goals.

SECTION 10. Change in Control Provisions

(a) Impact of Event. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan to the contrary, in the event of a Change in Control (as defined below), except to the extent the Committee specifically provides otherwise in an Award Agreement, and except as provided in Section 3(d) and in Section 10(d), immediately upon the occurrence of a Change in Control:

(i) any Options and Stock Appreciation Rights outstanding which are not then exercisable and vested shall become fully exercisable and vested;

(ii) the restrictions and deferral limitations applicable to any Restricted Stock shall lapse, and such Restricted Stock shall become free of all restrictions and become fully vested and transferable;

 

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(iii) all Restricted Stock Units shall be considered to be earned and payable in full, and any deferral or other restriction shall lapse and such Restricted Stock Units shall be settled in cash as promptly as is practicable; and

(iv) the Committee may also make additional adjustments and/or settlements of outstanding Awards as it deems appropriate and consistent with the Plan’s purposes.

(b) Definition of Change in Control. For purposes of the Plan, a “Change in Control” shall mean any of the following events:

(i) during any period of two consecutive years, individuals who, at the beginning or such period, constitute the Board (the “Incumbent Directors”) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board, provided that any person becoming a director and whose election or nomination for election was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the Incumbent Directors then on the Board (either by a specific vote or by approval of the proxy statement of the Company in which such person is named as a nominee for director, without written objection to such nomination) shall be an Incumbent Director; provided, however, that no individual initially elected or nominated as a director of the Company as a result of an actual or threatened election contest (as described in Rule 14a-11 under the Act) (“Election Contest”) or other actual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of any “person” (as such term is defined in Section 3(a)(9) of the Act and as used in Sections 13(d)(3) and 14(d)(2) of the Act) other than the Board (“Proxy Contest”), including by reason of any agreement intended to avoid or settle any Election or Contest or Proxy Contest, shall be deemed an Incumbent Director;

(ii) any person is or becomes a “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 20% or more of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities eligible to vote for the election of the Board (the “Company Voting Securities”); provided, however , that the event described in this paragraph (ii) shall not be deemed to be a Change in Control of the Company by virtue of any of the following acquisitions: (A) by the Company of any subsidiary, (B) by any employee benefit plan (or related trust) sponsored or maintained by the Company or any subsidiary, (C) by an underwriter temporarily holding securities pursuant to an offering of such securities, (D) pursuant to a Non-Qualifying Transaction (as defined in paragraph (iii), or (E) a transaction (other than one described in (iii) below) in which Company Voting Securities are acquired from the Company, if a majority of the Incumbent Directors approve a resolution providing expressly that the acquisition pursuant to this clause (E) does not constitute a Change in Control of the Company under this paragraph (ii);

(iii) the consummation of a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or similar form of corporate transaction involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries that requires the approval of the Company’s stockholders, whether for such transaction or the issuance of securities in the transaction (a “Reorganization”), or sale or other

 

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disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets to an entity that is not an affiliate of the Company (a “Sale”), unless immediately following such Reorganization or Sale: (A) more than 50% of the total voting power of (x) the corporation resulting from such Reorganization or the corporation which has acquired all or substantially all of the assets of the Company (in either case, the “Surviving Corporation”), or (y) if applicable, the ultimate parent corporation that directly or indirectly has beneficial ownership of 100% of the voting securities eligible to elect directors of the Surviving Corporation (the “Parent Corporation”), is represented by the Company Voting Securities that were outstanding immediately prior to such Reorganization or Sale (or, if applicable, is represented by shares into which such Company Voting Securities were converted pursuant to such Reorganization or Sale), and such voting power among the holders thereof is in substantially the same proportion as the voting power of such Company Voting Securities among the holders thereof immediately prior to the Reorganization or Sale, (B) no person (other than any employee benefit plan (or related trust) sponsored or maintained by the Surviving Corporation or the Parent Corporation) is or becomes the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of 20% or more of the total voting power of the outstanding voting securities eligible to elect directors of the Parent Corporation (or, if there is no Parent Corporation, the Surviving Corporation) and (C) at least a majority of the members of the board of directors of the Parent Corporation (or, if there is no Parent Corporation, the Surviving Corporation) following the consummation of the Reorganization or Sale were Incumbent Directors at the time of the Board’s approval of the execution of the initial agreement providing for such Reorganization or Sale (any Reorganization or Sale which satisfies all of the criteria specified in (A), (B) and (C) above shall be deemed to be a “Non-Qualifying Transaction”); or

(iv) the stockholders of the Company approve a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Change in Control of the Company shall not be deemed to occur solely because any person acquires beneficial ownership of more than 20% of the Company Voting Securities as a result of the acquisition of Company Voting Securities by the Company which reduces the number of Company Voting Securities outstanding; provided, that if after such acquisition by the Company such person becomes the beneficial owner of additional Company Voting Securities that increases the percentage of outstanding Company Voting Securities beneficially owned by such person, a Change in Control of the Company shall then occur.

(c) Special Change in Control Post-Termination Exercise Rights. Unless otherwise provided in the applicable Award Agreement, notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan to the contrary, upon the Termination of Employment of a Participant, during the 24-month period following a Change in Control, for any reason other than for Cause, any Option or Stock Appreciation Right held by the Participant as of the date of the Change in Control that remains outstanding as of the date of such Termination of Employment may thereafter be exercised, until the later of (i) the last date on which such Option or Stock Appreciation Right would be

 

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exercisable in the absence of this Section 10(c) and (ii) the earlier of (A) the third anniversary of such Change in Control and (B) expiration of the Term of such Option or Stock Appreciation Right.

(d) Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Award is subject to Section 409A of the Code, this Section 10 shall be applicable only to the extent specifically provided in the Award Agreement and permitted pursuant to Section 11(e).

SECTION 11. Qualified Performance-Based Awards; Section 16(b); Section 409A

(a) The provisions of this Plan are intended to ensure that all Options and Stock Appreciation Rights granted hereunder to any Participant who is or may be a “covered employee” (within the meaning of Section 162(m)(3) of the Code) in the tax year in which such Option or Stock Appreciation Right is expected to be deductible to the Company qualify for the Section 162(m) Exemption, and all such Awards shall therefore be considered Qualified Performance-Based Awards and this Plan shall be interpreted and operated consistent with that intention (including, without limitation, to require that all such Awards be granted by a committee composed solely of members who satisfy the requirements for being “outside directors” for purposes of the Section 162(m) Exemption (“Outside Directors”)). When granting any Award other than an Option or Stock Appreciation Right, the Committee may designate such Award as a Qualified Performance-Based Award, based upon a determination that (i) the recipient is or may be a “covered employee” (within the meaning of Section 162(m)(3) of the Code) with respect to such Award, and (ii) the Committee wishes such Award to qualify for the Section 162(m) Exemption, and the terms of any such Award (and of the grant thereof) shall be consistent with such designation (including, without limitation, that all such Awards be granted by a committee composed solely of Outside Directors). Within 90 days after the commencement of a Performance Period or, if earlier, by the expiration of 25% of a Performance Period, the Committee will designate one or more Performance Periods, determine the Participants for the Performance Periods and establish the Performance Goals for the Performance Periods.

(b) Each Qualified Performance-Based Award (other than an Option or Stock Appreciation Right) shall be earned, vested and/or payable (as applicable) upon the achievement of one or more Performance Goals, together with the satisfaction of any other conditions, such as continued employment, as the Committee may determine to be appropriate.

(c) The full Board shall not be permitted to exercise authority granted to the Committee to the extent that the grant or exercise of such authority would cause an Award designated as a Qualified Performance-Based Award not to qualify for, or to cease to qualify for, the Section 162(m) Exemption.

(d) The provisions of this Plan are intended to ensure that no transaction under the Plan is subject to (and not exempt from) the short-swing recovery rules of Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act (“Section 16(b)”). Accordingly, the composition of the Committee shall be subject to such limitations as the Board deems appropriate to permit transactions pursuant to this

 

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Plan to be exempt (pursuant to Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act) from Section 16(b), and no delegation of authority by the Committee shall be permitted if such delegation would cause any such transaction to be subject to (and not exempt from) Section 16(b).

(e) It is the intention of the Company that no Award shall be “deferred compensation” subject to Section 409A of the Code, unless and to the extent that the Committee specifically determines otherwise as provided in the immediately following sentence, and the Plan and the terms and conditions of all Awards shall be interpreted accordingly. The terms and conditions governing any Awards that the Committee determines will be subject to Section 409A of the Code, including any rules for elective or mandatory deferral of the delivery of cash or shares of Common Stock pursuant thereto and any rules regarding treatment of such Awards in the event of a Change in Control, shall be set forth in the applicable Award Agreement, and shall comply in all respects with Section 409A of the Code.

SECTION 12. Term, Amendment and Termination

(a) Effectiveness. The Plan was approved by the Board on March 21, 2007, subject to and contingent upon approval by at least a majority of the outstanding shares of the Company. The Plan will be effective as of the date of such approval by the Company’s stockholders (the “Effective Date”).

(b) Termination. The Plan will terminate on the tenth anniversary of the Effective Date. Awards outstanding as of such date shall not be affected or impaired by the termination of the Plan.

(c) Amendment of Plan. The Board or the Committee may amend, alter, or discontinue the Plan, but no amendment, alteration or discontinuation shall be made which would materially impair the rights of the Participant with respect to a previously granted Award without such Participant’s consent, except such an amendment made to comply with applicable law, including without limitation Section 409A of the Code, stock exchange rules or accounting rules. In addition, no such amendment shall be made without the approval of the Company’s stockholders (a) to the extent such approval is required (1) by applicable law or the listing standards of the Applicable Exchange as in effect as of the date hereof or (2) under applicable law or the listing standards of the Applicable Exchange as may be required after the date hereof, (b) to the extent such amendment would materially increase the benefits accruing to Participants under the Plan, (c) to the extent such amendment would materially increase the number of securities which may be issued under the Plan, (d) to the extent such amendment would materially modify the requirements for participation in the Plan or (e) that would accelerate the vesting of any Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units under the Plan except as otherwise provided in the Plan.

(d) Amendment of Awards. Subject to Section 5(d), the Committee may unilaterally amend the terms of any Award theretofore granted, but no such amendment shall cause a Qualified Performance-Based Award to cease to qualify for the Section 162(m) Exemption or

 

19


without the Participant’s consent materially impair the rights of any Participant with respect to an Award, except such an amendment made to cause the Plan or Award to comply with applicable law, stock exchange rules or accounting rules.

SECTION 13. Unfunded Status of Plan

It is presently intended that the Plan constitute an “unfunded” plan for incentive and deferred compensation. The Committee may authorize the creation of trusts or other arrangements to meet the obligations created under the Plan to deliver Common Stock or make payments; provided, however, that unless the Committee otherwise determines, the existence of such trusts or other arrangements is consistent with the “unfunded” status of the Plan.

SECTION 14. General Provisions

(a) Conditions for Issuance. The Committee may require each person purchasing or receiving Shares pursuant to an Award to represent to and agree with the Company in writing that such person is acquiring the Shares without a view to the distribution thereof. The certificates for such Shares may include any legend which the Committee deems appropriate to reflect any restrictions on transfer. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan or agreements made pursuant thereto, the Company shall not be required to issue or deliver any certificate or certificates for Shares under the Plan prior to fulfillment of all of the following conditions: (i) listing or approval for listing upon notice of issuance, of such Shares on the Applicable Exchange; (ii) any registration or other qualification of such Shares of the Company under any state or federal law or regulation, or the maintaining in effect of any such registration or other qualification which the Committee shall, in its absolute discretion upon the advice of counsel, deem necessary or advisable; and (iii) obtaining any other consent, approval, or permit from any state or federal governmental agency which the Committee shall, in its absolute discretion after receiving the advice of counsel, determine to be necessary or advisable.

(b) Additional Compensation Arrangements. Nothing contained in the Plan shall prevent the Company or any Subsidiary or Affiliate from adopting other or additional compensation arrangements for its employees.

(c) No Contract of Employment. The Plan shall not constitute a contract of employment, and adoption of the Plan shall not confer upon any employee any right to continued employment, nor shall it interfere in any way with the right of the Company or any Subsidiary or Affiliate to terminate the employment of any employee at any time.

(d) Required Taxes. No later than the date as of which an amount first becomes includible in the gross income of a Participant for federal, state, local or foreign income or employment or other tax purposes with respect to any Award under the Plan, such Participant shall pay to the Company, or make arrangements satisfactory to the Company regarding the payment of, any federal, state, local or foreign taxes of any kind required by law to be withheld with respect to such amount. Unless otherwise determined by the Company, withholding

 

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obligations may be settled with Common Stock, including Common Stock that is part of the Award that gives rise to the withholding requirement, having a Fair Market Value on the date of withholding equal to the minimum amount (and not any greater amount) required to be withheld for tax purposes, all in accordance with such procedures as the Committee establishes. The obligations of the Company under the Plan shall be conditional on such payment or arrangements, and the Company and its Affiliates shall, to the extent permitted by law, have the right to deduct any such taxes from any payment otherwise due to such Participant. The Committee may establish such procedures as it deems appropriate, including making irrevocable elections, for the settlement of withholding obligations with Common Stock.

(e) Limitation on Dividend Reinvestment and Dividend Equivalents. Reinvestment of dividends in additional Restricted Stock at the time of any dividend payment, and the payment of Shares with respect to dividends to Participants holding Awards of Restricted Stock Units, shall only be permissible if sufficient Shares are available under Section 3 for such reinvestment or payment (taking into account then outstanding Awards). In the event that sufficient Shares are not available for such reinvestment or payment, such reinvestment or payment shall be made in the form of a grant of Restricted Stock Units equal in number to the Shares that would have been obtained by such payment or reinvestment, the terms of which Restricted Stock Units shall provide for settlement in cash and for dividend equivalent reinvestment in further Restricted Stock Units on the terms contemplated by this Section 14(e).

(f) Designation of Death Beneficiary. The Committee shall establish such procedures as it deems appropriate for a Participant to designate a beneficiary to whom any amounts payable in the event of such Participant’s death are to be paid or by whom any rights of such eligible Individual, after such Participant’s death, may be exercised.

(g) Subsidiary Employees. In the case of a grant of an Award to any employee of a Subsidiary of the Company, the Company may, if the Committee so directs, issue or transfer the Shares, if any, covered by the Award to the Subsidiary, for such lawful consideration as the Committee may specify, upon the condition or understanding that the Subsidiary will transfer the Shares to the employee in accordance with the terms of the Award specified by the Committee pursuant to the provisions of the Plan. All Shares underlying Awards that are forfeited or canceled should revert to the Company.

(h) Governing Law and Interpretation. The Plan and all Awards made and actions taken thereunder shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without reference to principles of conflict of laws. The captions of this Plan are not part of the provisions hereof and shall have no force or effect.

(i) Non-Transferability. Except as otherwise provided in Section 5(i) or by the Committee, Awards under the Plan are not transferable except by will or by laws of descent and distribution.

(j) Foreign Employees and Foreign Law Considerations. The Committee may grant Awards to Eligible Individuals who are foreign nationals, who are located outside the United

 

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States or who are not compensated from a payroll maintained in the United States, or who are otherwise subject to (or could cause the Company to be subject to) legal or regulatory provisions of countries or jurisdictions outside the United States, on such terms and conditions different from those specified in the Plan as may, in the judgment of the Committee, be necessary or desirable to foster and promote achievement of the purposes of the Plan, and, in furtherance of such purposes, the Committee may make such modifications, amendments, procedures, or subplans as may be necessary or advisable to comply with such legal or regulatory provisions.

(k) Deferrals. The Committee shall be authorized to establish procedures pursuant to which the payment of any Award may be deferred. Subject to the provisions of this Plan and any Award Agreement, the recipient of an Award (including, without limitation, any deferred Award) may, if so determined by the Committee, be entitled to receive, currently or on a deferred basis, interest or dividends, or interest or dividend equivalents, with respect to the number of shares covered by the Award, as determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion, and the Committee may provide that such amounts (if any) shall be deemed to have been reinvested in additional Shares or otherwise reinvested.

 

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EX-10.40 3 dex1040.htm CREDIT AGREEMENT Credit Agreement

Exhibit 10.40

EXECUTION VERSION

Published CUSIP Number: 91529LAA2

 

 

 

CREDIT AGREEMENT

among

UNUM GROUP,

as Borrower,

THE LENDERS NAMED HEREIN,

DEUTSCHE BANK AG NEW YORK BRANCH,

SUNTRUST BANK,

as Documentation Agents,

BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.,

as Syndication Agent

and

WACHOVIA BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,

as Administrative Agent, Issuing Lender and Swingline Lender

$400,000,000 364-Day Senior Revolving Credit Facility

WACHOVIA CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC

and

BANC OF AMERICA SECURITIES LLC,

as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners

Dated as of December 13, 2007

 

 

 

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

         Page
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
1.1   Defined Terms    1
1.2   Accounting Terms; GAAP and SAP    22
1.3   Other Terms; Construction    23
ARTICLE II
AMOUNT AND TERMS OF THE CREDIT
2.1   Commitments    23
2.2   Borrowing    24
2.3   Disbursements; Funding Reliance; Domicile of Loans    27
2.4   Evidence of Debt; Notes    28
2.5   Letters of Credit    29
2.6   Termination and Reduction of Commitments and Swingline Commitment    36
2.7   Mandatory Payments and Prepayments    36
2.8   Voluntary Prepayments    37
2.9   Interest    38
2.10   Fees    40
2.11   Interest Periods    41
2.12   Conversions and Continuations    42
2.13   Method of Payments; Computations; Apportionment of Payments    43
2.14   Recovery of Payments    45
2.15   Use of Proceeds    45
2.16   Pro Rata Treatment    45
2.17   Increased Costs; Change in Circumstances; Illegality    46
2.18   Taxes    48
2.19   Compensation    50
2.20   Replacement of Lenders; Mitigation of Costs    51
ARTICLE III
CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
3.1   Conditions Precedent to the Closing Date    52
3.2   Conditions to All Credit Extensions    54

 

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ARTICLE IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
4.1   Corporate Organization and Power    55
4.2   Authorization; Enforceability    55
4.3   No Violation    56
4.4   Governmental and Third-Party Authorization; Permits    56
4.5   Insurance Licenses    56
4.6   Litigation    57
4.7   Taxes    57
4.8   Subsidiaries    57
4.9   Full Disclosure    57
4.10   Margin Regulations    58
4.11   No Material Adverse Effect    58
4.12   Financial Matters    58
4.13   Ownership of Properties    59
4.14   ERISA    59
4.15   Compliance with Laws    60
4.16   Environmental Compliance    60
4.17   Intellectual Property    60
4.18   Regulated Industries    60
4.19   Insurance    60
4.20   Solvency    60
4.21   OFAC; PATRIOT Act    61
ARTICLE V
AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS
5.1   Financial Statements    61
5.2   Other Business and Financial Information    63
5.3   Maintenance of Existence; Conduct of Business    65
5.4   Compliance with Laws    65
5.5   Payment of Obligations    65
5.6   Insurance    65
5.7   Maintenance of Books and Records; Inspection    65
5.8   OFAC, PATRIOT Act Compliance    66
5.9   Internal Control Event    66
5.10   Further Assurances    66
ARTICLE VI
FINANCIAL COVENANTS
6.1   Maximum Consolidated Indebtedness to Total Capitalization    67
6.2   Minimum Consolidated Net Worth    67
6.3   Minimum Cash Interest Coverage Ratio    67

 

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6.4   Minimum Risk-Based Capital Ratio    67
6.5   Minimum Financial Strength Rating    67
ARTICLE VII
NEGATIVE COVENANTS
7.1   Fundamental Changes    67
7.2   Indebtedness    68
7.3   Liens    68
7.4   Asset Dispositions    70
7.5   Investments    71
7.6   Restricted Payments    72
7.7   Transactions with Affiliates    72
7.8   Lines of Business    72
7.9   Certain Amendments    72
7.10   Limitation on Certain Restrictions    73
7.11   Fiscal Year    73
7.12   Accounting Changes    73
ARTICLE VIII
EVENTS OF DEFAULT
8.1   Events of Default    73
8.2   Remedies: Termination of Commitments, Acceleration, etc.    76
8.3   Remedies: Set-Off    77
ARTICLE IX
THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT
9.1   Appointment and Authority    77
9.2   Rights as a Lender    77
9.3   Exculpatory Provisions    78
9.4   Reliance by Administrative Agent    79
9.5   Delegation of Duties    79
9.6   Resignation of Administrative Agent    79
9.7   Non-Reliance on Administrative Agent and Other Lenders    80
9.8   Issuing Lender and Swingline Lender    80
9.9   No Other Duties, Etc    80
ARTICLE X
MISCELLANEOUS
10.1   Expenses; Indemnity; Damage Waiver    80

 

iii


10.2   Governing Law; Submission to Jurisdiction; Waiver of Venue; Service of Process    82
10.3   Waiver of Jury Trial    83
10.4   Notices; Effectiveness; Electronic Communication    83
10.5   Amendments, Waivers, etc    84
10.6   Successors and Assigns    85
10.7   No Waiver    89
10.8   Survival    89
10.9   Severability    89
10.10   Construction    89
10.11   Confidentiality    89
10.12   Counterparts; Integration; Effectiveness    90
10.13   No Fiduciary Relationship Established By Credit Documents    90
10.14   Judgment Currency    91
10.15   Disclosure of Information    91
10.16   PATRIOT Act Notice    91

 

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EXHIBITS
Exhibit A   Form of Note
Exhibit B-1   Form of Notice of Borrowing
Exhibit B-2   Form of Notice of Swingline Borrowing
Exhibit B-3   Form of Notice of Conversion/Continuation
Exhibit C   Form of Compliance Certificate
Exhibit D   Form of Assignment and Assumption
Exhibit E   Form of Financial Condition Certificate
Exhibit F-1   Form of Opinion of Miller & Martin PLLC
Exhibit F-2   Form of Opinion of Susan N. Roth, Assistant General Counsel
Exhibit G   Form of Letter of Credit
SCHEDULES
Schedule 1.1(a)   Commitments and Notice Addresses
Schedule 4.5   Licenses
Schedule 4.8   Subsidiaries
Schedule 7.2   Indebtedness
Schedule 7.3   Liens

 

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CREDIT AGREEMENT

THIS CREDIT AGREEMENT, dated as of the 13th day of December, 2007, is made among UNUM GROUP, a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), the Lenders (as hereinafter defined), DEUTSCHE BANK AG NEW YORK BRANCH and SUNTRUST BANK, as documentation agents for the Lenders, BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as syndication agent for the Lenders and WACHOVIA BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as administrative agent for the Lenders.

BACKGROUND STATEMENT

The Borrower has requested that the Lenders make available a revolving credit facility in the aggregate principal amount of $400,000,000. The Lenders are willing to make available to the Borrower the revolving credit facility provided for herein subject to and on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement.

AGREEMENT

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual provisions, covenants and agreements herein contained, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

ARTICLE I

DEFINITIONS

1.1 Defined Terms. For purposes of this Agreement, in addition to the terms defined elsewhere herein, the following terms have the meanings set forth below (such meanings to be equally applicable to the singular and plural forms thereof):

Account Designation Letter” means a letter from the Borrower to the Administrative Agent, duly completed and signed by an Authorized Officer of the Borrower and in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, listing any one or more accounts to which the Borrower may from time to time request the Administrative Agent to forward the proceeds of any Loans made hereunder.

Acquisition” means any transaction or series of related transactions, consummated on or after the date hereof, by which the Borrower directly, or indirectly through one or more Subsidiaries, (i) acquires any business, division thereof or line of business, book of insurance or reinsurance business, or all or substantially all of the assets, of any Person, whether through purchase of assets, merger, reinsurance or otherwise, or (ii) acquires securities or other ownership interests of any Person having at least a majority of combined voting power of the then outstanding securities or other ownership interests of such Person.


Adjusted Base Rate” means, at any time with respect to any Base Rate Loan, a rate per annum equal to the Base Rate as in effect at such time plus the Applicable Percentage for Base Rate Loans as in effect at such time.

Adjusted LIBOR Market Index Rate” means, at any time with respect to any Swingline Loan, a rate per annum equal to the LIBOR Market Index Rate as in effect at such time plus the Applicable Percentage for LIBOR Loans as in effect at such time.

Adjusted LIBOR Rate” means, at any time with respect to any LIBOR Loan, a rate per annum equal to the LIBOR Rate as in effect at such time plus the Applicable Percentage for LIBOR Loans as in effect at such time.

Administrative Agent” means Wachovia, in its capacity as Administrative Agent appointed under Section 9.1, and its successors and permitted assigns in such capacity.

Administrative Questionnaire” means, with respect to each Lender, the administrative questionnaire in the form submitted to such Lender by the Administrative Agent and returned to the Administrative Agent duly completed by such Lender.

Affiliate” means, with respect to a specified Person, another Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, Controls or is Controlled by or is under common Control with the Person specified. Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender nor any Lender shall be deemed an “Affiliate” of the Borrower.

Aggregate Credit Exposure” means, at any time, the sum of (i) the aggregate principal amount of Revolving Loans outstanding at such time, (ii) the aggregate Letter of Credit Exposure of all Lenders at such time and (iii) the aggregate principal amount of Swingline Loans outstanding at such time.

Agreement” means this Credit Agreement, as amended, restated, modified or supplemented from time to time in accordance with its terms.

Agreement Currency” has the meaning given to such term in Section 10.14.

A.M. Best” means A.M. Best Company, Inc. and any successor thereto.

Annual Statement” means, with respect to any Insurance Subsidiary of the Borrower, the annual financial statements of such Person as required to be filed with any Insurance Regulatory Authority of competent jurisdiction, prepared in conformity with SAP and in accordance with the laws of such jurisdiction, together with all exhibits, schedules, certificates and actuarial opinions required to be filed or delivered therewith.

Applicable Percentage” means, for any day, with respect to the (i) Facility Fee, (ii) applicable margin to be added to the LIBOR Rate for purposes of determining the Adjusted LIBOR Rate, (iii) Letter of Credit Fee with respect to Letters of Credit, (iv) applicable margin to be added to the Base Rate for purposes of determining the Adjusted Base Rate and (v) Utilization Fee, the applicable rate per annum set forth below under the caption “Facility Fee”, “Applicable LIBOR Margin”, “Letter of Credit Fee”, “Applicable Base Rate Margin” and “Applicable

 

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Utilization Fee Rate”, respectively, in each case as determined under the following matrix with reference to the Consolidated Indebtedness to Total Capitalization Ratio:

 

Pricing
Level

  

Consolidated Indebtedness to Total Capitalization Ratio

   Facility
Fee
    Applicable
LIBOR
Margin/
Letter of Credit
Fee
    Applicable
Base Rate
Margin/
    Utilization
Fee
 
I    Less than or equal to 20%    0.125 %   0.625 %   0.00 %   0.125 %
II    Greater than 20% but less than or equal to 25%    0.150 %   0.725 %   0.00 %   0.125 %
III    Greater than 25% but less than or equal to 30%    0.175 %   0.825 %   0.00 %   0.125 %
IV    Greater than 30%    0.225 %   1.025 %   0.025 %   0.250 %

On each Adjustment Date (as hereinafter defined), the Applicable Percentage shall be adjusted effective as of such Adjustment Date (based upon the calculation of the Consolidated Indebtedness to Total Capitalization Ratio as of the last day of the Reference Period to which such Adjustment Date relates) in accordance with the above matrix; provided, however, that, notwithstanding the foregoing or anything else herein to the contrary, (i) if at any time the Borrower shall have failed to deliver any of the financial statements as required by Sections 5.1(a) or 5.1(b), as the case may be, or the Compliance Certificate as required by Section 5.1(c), then at all times from and including the date on which such statements and Compliance Certificate are required to have been delivered until the date on which the same shall have been delivered, each Applicable Percentage shall be determined based on Level IV above (notwithstanding the actual Consolidated Indebtedness to Total Capitalization Ratio), and (ii) the determination of the Applicable Percentage shall be subject to Section 2.9(f). For purposes of this definition, “Adjustment Date” means, with respect to any Reference Period of the Borrower beginning with the Reference Period ending as of December 31, 2007, the day (or, if such day is not a Business Day, the next succeeding Business Day) of delivery by the Borrower in accordance with Sections 5.1(a) or 5.1(b), as the case may be, of (i) financial statements as of the end of and for such Reference Period and (ii) a duly completed Compliance Certificate with respect to such Reference Period. From the Closing Date until the first Adjustment Date requiring a change in any Applicable Percentage as provided herein, each Applicable Percentage shall be based on Level III above.

Approved Fund” means any Fund that is administered or managed by (i) a Lender, (ii) an Affiliate of a Lender, or (iii) a Person (or an Affiliate of a Person) that administers or manages a Lender.

 

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Arrangers” means Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC and Banc of America Securities LLC and their respective successors and assigns.

Assignment and Assumption” means an Assignment and Assumption entered into by a Lender and an Eligible Assignee (with the consent of any party whose consent is required by Section 10.6(b)), and accepted by the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Lender, in substantially the form of Exhibit D or any other form approved by the Administrative Agent.

Authorized Officer” means, with respect to any action specified herein to be taken by or on behalf of the Borrower, the chief executive officer, chief financial officer, treasurer or any other officer of the Borrower duly authorized by resolution of its board of directors or other governing body to take such action on its behalf, and whose signature and incumbency shall have been certified to the Administrative Agent by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Borrower.

Available Cash” means, as of any Reference Period, the sum of (a) actual cash dividends paid to the Borrower during such Reference Period (but excluding the special dividends paid in connection with the Securitizations) and (b) other holding company income of the Borrower consisting of service agreement mark-ups, surplus note interest income and dividends paid by non-Insurance Subsidiaries during such Reference Period, which in each case is not subject to any Lien.

Availability Period” means the period from and including the Closing Date to and including the Commitment Termination Date.

Bankruptcy Code” means 11 U.S.C. §§ 101 et seq., as amended from time to time, and any successor statute.

Bankruptcy Event” means the occurrence of an Event of Default pursuant to Section 8.1(f) or Section 8.1(g).

Base Rate” means the higher of (i) the per annum interest rate publicly announced from time to time by the Administrative Agent, to be its prime rate (which may not necessarily be its lowest or best lending rate), as adjusted to conform to changes as of the opening of business on the date of any such change in such prime rate, and (ii) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5% per annum, as adjusted to conform to changes as of the opening of business on the date of any such change in the Federal Funds Rate.

Base Rate Loan” means, at any time, any Loan that bears interest at such time at the applicable Adjusted Base Rate.

Borrower” has the meaning given to such term in the introductory paragraph hereof.

Borrower Materials” has the meaning given to such term in Section 5.1.

Borrowing” means the incurrence by the Borrower (including as a result of conversion of Revolving Loans into Term Loans pursuant to Section 2.1(b) and conversions and continuations of outstanding Loans pursuant to Section 2.12) on a single date of a group of

 

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Loans pursuant to Section 2.2 of a single Type (or a Swingline Loan made by the Swingline Lender) and, in the case of LIBOR Loans, as to which a single Interest Period is in effect.

Borrowing Date” means, with respect to any Borrowing, the date upon which such Borrowing is made.

Business Day” means (i) any day other than a Saturday or Sunday, a legal holiday or a day on which commercial banks in Charlotte, North Carolina or New York, New York are authorized or required by law to be closed and (ii) in respect of any determination relevant to a LIBOR Loan or the LIBOR Market Index Rate, any such day that is also a day on which trading in Dollar deposits is conducted by banks in London, England in the London interbank Eurodollar market.

Capital Lease” means, with respect to any Person, any lease of property (whether real, personal or mixed) by such Person as lessee that is or is required to be, in accordance with GAAP, recorded as a capital lease on such Person’s balance sheet.

Capital Lease Obligations” means, with respect to any Person, the obligations of such Person to pay rent or other amounts under any Capital Lease of such Person, and the amount of such obligations shall be the capitalized amount thereof determined in accordance with GAAP.

Cash Collateral Account” has the meaning given to such term in Section 2.5(i).

Cash Equivalents” means (i) securities issued or unconditionally guaranteed or insured by the United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof, backed by the full faith and credit of the United States and maturing within one year from the date of acquisition, (ii) commercial paper issued by any Person organized under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof, maturing within 270 days from the date of acquisition and, at the time of acquisition, having a rating of at least A-1 or the equivalent thereof by S&P or at least P-1 or the equivalent thereof by Moody’s, (iii) time deposits and certificates of deposit maturing within 270 days from the date of issuance and issued by a bank or trust company organized under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof (y) that has combined capital and surplus of at least $500,000,000 or (z) that has (or is a subsidiary of a bank holding company that has) a long-term unsecured debt rating of at least A or the equivalent thereof by S&P or at least A2 or the equivalent thereof by Moody’s, (iv) repurchase obligations with a term not exceeding 30 days with respect to underlying securities of the types described in clause (i) above entered into with any bank or trust company meeting the qualifications specified in clause (iii) above, (v) money market funds at least 95% of the assets of which are continuously invested in securities of the foregoing types and (vi) investments of a type substantially similar to the foregoing approved by the Administrative Agent.

Change in Law” means the occurrence, after the date of this Agreement, of any of the following: (i) the adoption or taking effect of any law, rule, regulation or treaty, (ii) any change in any law, rule, regulation or treaty or in the administration, interpretation or application thereof by any Governmental Authority or (iii) the making or issuance of any request, guideline or directive (whether or not having the force of law) by any Governmental Authority.

Closing Date” has the meaning given to such term in Section 3.1.

 

5


Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, and any successor statute, and all rules and regulations from time to time promulgated thereunder.

Commitment” means, with respect to any Lender at any time, the commitment of such Lender to make Loans to the Borrower and participate in the Issuance of Letters of Credit and Swingline Loans for the account of the Borrower in an aggregate principal amount up to the amount set forth opposite such Lender’s name on Schedule 1.1(a) under the caption “Commitment” or, if such Lender has entered into one or more Assignment and Assumptions, the amount set forth for such Lender at such time in the Register maintained by the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 10.6(c) as such Lender’s “Commitment,” in either case, as such amount may be reduced or increased at or prior to such time pursuant to the terms hereof.

Commitment Termination Date” means December 12, 2008 (or if such day is not a Business Day, the next preceding Business Day), or such earlier date of termination of the Commitments pursuant to Section 2.6 or Section 8.2.

Compliance Certificate” means a fully completed and duly executed certificate in the form of Exhibit C, together with a Covenant Compliance Worksheet.

Consolidated Cash Interest Expense” means, for any Reference Period, the sum (without duplication) of (i) total interest expense (excluding interest expense incurred in connection with the Securitizations) and (ii) all recurring unused commitment fees and other ongoing fees in respect of Indebtedness for borrowed money (including the Letter of Credit Fees), in each case that is paid or is payable in cash by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries during such Reference Period.

Consolidated Indebtedness” means, at any time, the aggregate Indebtedness of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP; provided, however, that, for purposes of calculating the financial covenants set forth in Article VI, Consolidated Indebtedness shall not include (i) the obligation of the Borrower or any Insurance Subsidiary under letters of credit to the extent undrawn supporting the liability of the Borrower or such Insurance Subsidiary in respect of any Primary Policy or Reinsurance Agreement underwritten by such Subsidiary, (ii) the obligations of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries under any Hybrid Equity Securities to the extent that the total book value of such Hybrid Equity Securities does not exceed 15% of Total Capitalization and (iii) the Securitization Indebtedness, and provided further that only the net termination obligations of the Borrower and any trust or other special purpose entity created by the Borrower under any Hedge Agreements shall be included as Consolidated Indebtedness.

Consolidated Net Income” means, for any period, net income (or loss) for the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for such period and as reflected on the consolidated financial statements of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP.

Consolidated Net Worth” means, at any time, the consolidated shareholders’ equity of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries determined in accordance with GAAP and as reflected on the consolidated financial statements of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries excluding (i) income (loss)

 

6


presented in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) arising from adjustments pursuant to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115 and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133 issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board of the United States of America, (ii) any Disqualified Equity Interests, and (iii) the amount of the Equity Interest of any Securitization Subsidiary owned, directly or indirectly, by the Borrower.

Control” means, with respect to any Person, the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “Controlled” and “Controlling” have correlative meanings.

Covenant Compliance Worksheet” means a fully completed worksheet in the form of Attachment A to Exhibit C.

Credit Documents” means this Agreement, the Notes, the Letter of Credit Documents, the Fee Letters and all other agreements, instruments, documents and certificates now or hereafter executed and delivered to the Administrative Agent or any Lender by or on behalf of the Borrower with respect to this Agreement, in each case as amended, modified, supplemented or restated from time to time.

Credit Exposure” means, with respect to any Lender at any time, the sum of (i) the aggregate principal amount of all Loans made by such Lender that are outstanding at such time, (ii) such Lender’s Swingline Exposure at such time and (iii) such Lender’s Letter of Credit Exposure at such time.

Credit Extension” means each of the following: (i) a Borrowing and (ii) the Issuance of any Letter of Credit.

Debtor Relief Laws” means the Bankruptcy Code, and all other liquidation, conservatorship, bankruptcy, assignment for the benefit of creditors, moratorium, rearrangement, receivership, insolvency, reorganization, or similar debtor relief laws of the United States, Bermuda or other applicable jurisdictions from time to time in effect and affecting the rights of creditors generally.

Default” means any event or condition that, with the passage of time or giving of notice, or both, would constitute an Event of Default.

Defaulting Lender” means any Lender that (i) has refused to fund, or otherwise defaulted in the funding of, its Ratable Share of any Borrowing, including the funding of a participation interest in Swingline Loans in accordance with the terms hereof, or any L/C Advance required to be funded by it hereunder, (ii) has failed to pay to the Administrative Agent, Issuing Lender, Swingline Lender or any Lender when due an amount owed by such Lender pursuant to the terms of this Credit Agreement, unless such amount is subject to a good faith dispute, or (iii) has been deemed insolvent or has become subject to a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding or to a receiver, trustee or similar official, and such refusal has not been withdrawn or such default has not been cured within three Business Days.

Disposition” has the meaning given to such term in Section 7.4.

 

7


Disqualified Equity Interest” means, with respect to any Person, any Equity Interest of such Person that, by its terms (or by the terms of any security into which it is convertible or for which it is exchangeable), or upon the happening of any event or otherwise, (i) matures or is mandatorily redeemable or subject to any mandatory repurchase requirement, pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise, (ii) is redeemable or subject to any mandatory repurchase requirement at the sole option of the holder thereof, or (iii) is convertible into or exchangeable for (whether at the option of the issuer or the holder thereof) (y) debt securities or (z) any Equity Interest referred to in (i) or (ii) above, in each case under (i), (ii) or (iii) above at any time on or prior to the first anniversary of the Final Maturity Date; provided, however, that only the portion of any Equity Interest that so matures or is mandatorily redeemable, is so redeemable at the option of the holder thereof, or is so convertible or exchangeable on or prior to such date shall be deemed to be a Disqualified Equity Interest.

Dollars” or “$” means dollars of the United States of America.

Domestic Insurance Subsidiary” means any Domestic Subsidiary that is also an Insurance Subsidiary.

Domestic Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary of the Borrower that is organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia.

Eligible Assignee” means (i) a Lender, (ii) an Affiliate of a Lender that is primarily engaged in the business of commercial banking, (iii) an Approved Fund, and (iv) any other Person (other than a natural person) approved by (y) the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender and the Swingline Lender and (z) unless a Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Borrower (each such approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed); provided that notwithstanding the foregoing, (x) the Issuing Lender and Swingline Lender must approve any proposed assignee who is not a Lender and (y) “Eligible Assignee” shall not include the Borrower or any of its Affiliates or Subsidiaries.

Environmental Claims” means any and all administrative, regulatory or judicial actions, suits, demands, demand letters, claims, liens, allegations, notices of noncompliance or violation, investigations by a Governmental Authority, or proceedings (including, without limitation, administrative, regulatory and judicial proceedings) relating in any way to any Hazardous Substance, any actual or alleged violation of or liability under any Environmental Law or any permit issued, or any approval given, under any Environmental Law (collectively, “claims”), including, without limitation, (i) any and all claims by Governmental Authorities for enforcement, cleanup, removal, response, remedial or other actions or damages pursuant to any applicable Environmental Law and (ii) any and all claims by any third party seeking damages, contribution, indemnification, cost recovery, compensation or injunctive relief resulting from any Hazardous Substance or arising from alleged injury or threat of injury to human health or the environment; provided, however, with respect to any such claims, a Unum Party shall have either been served with legal process or otherwise shall have received written notice of such claims.

Environmental Laws” means any and all federal, state and local laws, statutes, ordinances, rules, regulations, permits, licenses, approvals, rules of common law and orders of courts or other Governmental Authorities, relating to the protection of human health,

 

8


occupational safety with respect to exposure to Hazardous Substances, or the environment, now or hereafter in effect, and in each case as amended from time to time, including, without limitation, requirements pertaining to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transportation, handling, reporting, licensing, permitting, investigation or remediation of Hazardous Substances.

Equity Interests” means, with respect to any Person, shares of capital stock of, or any partnership, membership, limited liability company, trust or other ownership or profit interests in, such Person, together with (i) warrants, options or other rights for the purchase or other acquisition from such Person of any of the foregoing, (ii) securities convertible into or exchangeable for any of the foregoing or warrants, options or other rights for the purchase or other acquisition from such Person of any such securities, and (iii) any other ownership or profit interests in such Person, in each case, whether voting or nonvoting, and whether or not any of the foregoing are authorized or otherwise existing on any date of determination.

ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time, and any successor statute, and all rules and regulations from time to time promulgated thereunder.

ERISA Affiliate” means any Person (including any trade or business, whether or not incorporated) deemed to be under “common control” with, or a member of the same “controlled group” as, the Borrower, within the meaning of Sections 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Code or Section 4001 of ERISA.

ERISA Event” means any of the following with respect to a Plan or Multiemployer Plan, as applicable: (i) a Reportable Event, (ii) a complete or partial withdrawal by the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate from a Multiemployer Plan that results in liability under Section 4201 or 4204 of ERISA, or the receipt by the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate of notice from a Multiemployer Plan that it is in reorganization or insolvency pursuant to Section 4241 or 4245 of ERISA or that it intends to terminate or has terminated under Section 4041A of ERISA, (iii) the distribution by the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate under Section 4041 or 4041A of ERISA of a notice of intent to terminate any Plan or the taking of any action to terminate any Plan, (iv) the commencement of proceedings by the PBGC under Section 4042 of ERISA for the termination of, or the appointment of a trustee to administer, any Plan, or the receipt by the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate of a notice from any Multiemployer Plan that such action has been taken by the PBGC with respect to such Multiemployer Plan, (v) the institution of a proceeding by any fiduciary of any Multiemployer Plan against the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate to enforce Section 515 of ERISA, which is not dismissed within 30 days, (vi) the imposition or the threatened imposition upon the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate of any liability under Title IV of ERISA, other than for PBGC premiums due but not delinquent under Section 4007 of ERISA, or the imposition of any Lien upon any assets of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate as a result of any alleged failure to comply with the Code or ERISA in respect of any Plan, (vii) the engaging in or otherwise becoming liable for a nonexempt Prohibited Transaction by the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate, or a violation of the applicable requirements of Section 404 or 405 of ERISA or the exclusive benefit rule under Section 401(a) of the Code by any fiduciary of any Plan for which the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate may be directly or indirectly liable, (viii) the occurrence with respect to any Plan of any “accumulated funding deficiency” (within

 

9


the meaning of Section 302 of ERISA and Section 412 of the Code), whether or not waived, or (ix) the adoption of an amendment to any Plan that, pursuant to Section 401(a)(29) of the Code or Section 307 of ERISA, would result in the loss of tax-exempt status of the trust of which such Plan is a part if the Borrower or an ERISA Affiliate fails to timely provide security to such Plan in accordance with the provisions of such sections.

Event of Default” has the meaning given to such term in Section 8.1.

Evergreen Letter of Credit” has the meaning given to such term in Section 2.5(a)(ii).

Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time, and any successor statute, and all rules and regulations from time to time promulgated thereunder.

Excluded Taxes” means, with respect to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender, the Swingline Lender or any Lender or any other recipient of any payment to be made by or on account of any obligation of the Borrower hereunder, (i) any taxes imposed on or measured by its overall net income (however denominated), and any gross receipts imposed on it (in lieu of net income taxes), by the jurisdiction (or any political subdivision thereof) under the laws of which such recipient is organized or in which its principal office is located or, in the case of any Lender, in which its applicable Lending Office is located, (ii) any branch profits taxes imposed by the United States or any similar taxes imposed by any other jurisdiction in which the Borrower is located and (iii) in the case of a Foreign Lender (other than an assignee pursuant to a request by the Borrower under Section 2.20(a)), any withholding tax that is imposed on amounts payable to such Foreign Lender at the time such Foreign Lender becomes a party hereto (or designates a new Lending Office) or is attributable to such Foreign Lender’s failure or inability (other than as a result of a Change in Law) to comply with Section 2.18(e), except to the extent that such Foreign Lender (or its assignor, if applicable) was entitled, at the time of designation of a new Lending Office (or assignment), to receive additional amounts from the Borrower with respect to such withholding tax pursuant to Section 2.18(a).

Facility Fee” has the meaning given to such term in Section 2.10(b).

Federal Funds Rate” means, for any period, a fluctuating per annum interest rate (rounded upwards, if necessary, to the nearest 1/100 of one percentage point) equal for each day during such period to the weighted average of the rates on overnight federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System arranged by federal funds brokers, as published for such day (or, if such day is not a Business Day, for the next preceding Business Day) by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, or if such rate is not so published for any day that is a Business Day, the average of the quotations for such day on such transactions received by the Administrative Agent from three federal funds brokers of recognized standing selected by the Administrative Agent.

Federal Reserve Board” means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any successor thereto.

Fee Letters” means (i) the letter from the Administrative Agent, Syndication Agent and the Arrangers to the Borrower, dated October 26, 2007 and (ii) the letter from the Administrative

 

10


Agent and Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC to the Borrower, dated October 26, 2007, in each case relating to certain fees payable by the Borrower in respect of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, as each is amended, modified, restated or supplemented from time to time.

Final Expiry Date” means the date when the Final Maturity Date has occurred, all Letters of Credit have expired or terminated and all Obligations owing hereunder and in the other Credit Documents have been indefeasibly paid in full.

Final Maturity Date” means the first anniversary of the Commitment Termination Date.

Financial Condition Certificate” means a fully completed and duly executed certificate in the form of Exhibit E.

Financial Officer” means, with respect to the Borrower, the chief executive officer, chief financial officer or treasurer of the Borrower.

Financial Strength Rating” means the financial strength rating issued with respect to any Insurance Subsidiary by A.M. Best Company (or its successor).

fiscal quarter” means a fiscal quarter of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries.

fiscal year” means a fiscal year of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries.

Foreign Lender” means any Lender that is organized under the laws of a jurisdiction other than the United States, each state thereof or the District of Columbia.

Fund” means any Person (other than a natural person) that is (or will be) engaged in making, purchasing, holding or otherwise investing in commercial loans and similar extensions of credit in the ordinary course of its business.

GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States as in effect from time to time (subject to the provisions of Section 1.2).

Governmental Authority” means the government of the United States or any other nation, or of any political subdivision thereof, whether state or local, and any agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body (including any insurance regulatory authority), court, arbitrator, central bank or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administrative powers or functions of or pertaining to government (including any supra-national bodies such as the European Union or the European Central Bank).

Guaranty Obligation” means, with respect to any Person, at the time of determination, any direct or indirect liability of such Person with respect to any Indebtedness, liability or other obligation (the “primary obligation”) of another Person (the “primary obligor”), whether or not contingent, (i) to purchase, repurchase or otherwise acquire such primary obligation or any property constituting direct or indirect security therefor, (ii) to advance or provide funds (y) for the payment or discharge of any such primary obligation or (z) to maintain working capital or equity capital of the primary obligor or otherwise to maintain the net worth or solvency or any balance sheet item, level of income or financial condition of the primary obligor (including,

 

11


without limitation, keep well agreements, maintenance agreements, comfort letters or similar agreements or arrangements), (iii) to purchase property, securities or services primarily for the purpose of assuring the owner of any such primary obligation of the ability of the primary obligor in respect thereof to make payment of such primary obligation or (iv) otherwise to assure or hold harmless the owner of any such primary obligation against loss or failure or inability to perform in respect thereof; provided, however, that, with respect to the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, the term Guaranty Obligation shall not include endorsements for collection or deposit in the ordinary course of business. The amount of any Guaranty Obligation of any guaranteeing Person hereunder shall be deemed to be the lower of (a) an amount equal to the stated or determinable amount of the primary obligation in respect of which such Guaranty Obligation is made and (b) the maximum amount for which such guaranteeing Person may be liable pursuant to the terms of the instrument embodying such Guaranty Obligation, unless such primary obligation and the maximum amount for which such guaranteeing Person may be liable are not stated or determinable, in which case the amount of such Guaranty Obligation shall be such guaranteeing Person’s maximum reasonably anticipated liability in respect thereof as determined by such guaranteeing Person in good faith.

Hazardous Substance” means any substance or material meeting any one or more of the following criteria: (i) it is or contains a substance designated as a hazardous waste, hazardous substance, hazardous material, pollutant, contaminant or toxic substance under any Environmental Law, (ii) it is toxic, explosive, corrosive, ignitable, infectious, radioactive, mutagenic or otherwise hazardous to human health or the environment and is or becomes regulated by any Governmental Authority, (iii) its presence may require investigation or response under any Environmental Law, (iv) it constitutes a nuisance, trespass or health or safety hazard to Persons or neighboring properties, or (v) it is or contains, without limiting the foregoing, asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls, urea formaldehyde foam insulation, petroleum hydrocarbons, petroleum derived substances or wastes, crude oil, nuclear fuel, natural gas or synthetic gas.

Hedge Agreement” means any interest or foreign currency rate swap, cap, collar, option, hedge, forward rate or other similar agreement or arrangement designed to protect against fluctuations in interest rates or currency exchange rates.

Historical Statutory Statements” has the meaning given to such term in Section 4.12(b).

Hybrid Equity Securities” shall mean any hybrid preferred securities consisting of trust preferred securities, deferrable interest subordinated debt securities, mandatory convertible debt or other hybrid securities that are shown on the consolidated financial statements of the Borrower as liabilities and (i) treated as equity by Standard & Poor’s, and (ii) that, by its terms (or by the terms of any security into which it is convertible for or which it is exchangeable) or upon the happening of any event or otherwise, does not mature or is not mandatorily redeemable or is not subject to any mandatory repurchase requirement, at any time on or prior to the date which is 1 year after the Final Maturity Date.

Indebtedness” means, with respect to any Person, at the time of determination (without duplication), (i) all obligations of such Person for borrowed money, (ii) all obligations of such Person evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures or similar instruments, or upon which interest

 

12


payments are customarily made, (iii) the maximum stated or face amount of all surety bonds, letters of credit and bankers’ acceptances issued or created for the account of such Person and, without duplication, all drafts drawn thereunder (to the extent unreimbursed), (iv) all obligations of such Person to pay the deferred purchase price of property or services (excluding trade payables incurred in the ordinary course of business and not past due based on customary practices in the trade), (v) all indebtedness created or arising under any conditional sale or other title retention agreement with respect to property acquired by such Person, (vi) all Capital Lease Obligations of such Person, (vii) all Disqualified Equity Interests issued by such Person, with the amount of Indebtedness represented by such Disqualified Equity Interests being equal to the greater of its voluntary or involuntary liquidation preference and its maximum fixed repurchase price, (viii) the principal balance outstanding and owing by such Person under any synthetic lease, tax retention operating lease or similar off-balance sheet financing product, (ix) all Guaranty Obligations of such Person with respect to Indebtedness of another Person, (x) the net termination obligations of such Person under any Hedge Agreements, calculated as of any date as if such agreement or arrangement were terminated as of such date, and (xi) all indebtedness of the types referred to in clauses (i) through (x) above (A) of any partnership or unincorporated joint venture in which such Person is a general partner or joint venturer to the extent such Person is liable therefor or (B) secured by any Lien on any property or asset owned or held by such Person regardless of whether or not the indebtedness secured thereby shall have been incurred or assumed by such Person or is nonrecourse to the credit of such Person, the amount thereof being equal to the value of the property or assets subject to such Lien, provided that, Indebtedness shall not include payment or performance guaranties by any Unum Party of the obligations of any Insurance Subsidiary under Primary Policies, Reinsurance Agreements or Retrocession Agreements which are entered into in the ordinary course of business.

Indemnified Taxes” means Taxes other than Excluded Taxes.

Indemnitee” has the meaning given to such term in Section 10.1(b).

Insurance Regulatory Authority” means, with respect to any Insurance Subsidiary or the Borrower, the insurance department or similar Governmental Authority charged with regulating insurance companies or insurance holding companies, in its jurisdiction of domicile and, to the extent that it has regulatory authority over such Insurance Subsidiary, in each other jurisdiction in which such Insurance Subsidiary conducts business or is licensed to conduct business.

Insurance Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary of the Borrower the ability of which to pay dividends is regulated by an Insurance Regulatory Authority or that is otherwise required to be regulated thereby in accordance with the Requirements of Law of its jurisdiction of domicile.

Intellectual Property” means (i) all inventions (whether or not patentable and whether or not reduced to practice), all improvements thereto, and all patents, patent applications, and patent disclosures, together with all reissues, continuations, continuations-in-part, divisions, revisions, extensions, and reexaminations thereof, (ii) all trademarks, service marks, trade dress, logos, trade names, and corporate names, together with all goodwill associated therewith, and all applications, registrations, and renewals in connection therewith, (iii) all copyrightable works and all copyrights (registered and unregistered), (iv) all trade secrets and confidential information (including, without limitation, financial, business and marketing plans and customer

 

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and supplier lists and related information), (v) all computer software and software systems (including, without limitation, data, databases and related documentation), (vi) all Internet web sites and domain names, (vii) all technology, know-how, processes and other proprietary rights, and (viii) all licenses or other agreements to or from third parties regarding any of the foregoing.

Interest Period” has the meaning given to such term in Section 2.11.

Internal Control Event” means a “material weakness” (as defined in Statement on Auditing Standards No. 60) in, or fraud that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in, the Borrower’s internal controls over financial reporting, in each case as described in Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and all rules and regulations promulgated thereunder and the accounting and auditing principles, rules, standards and practices promulgated or approved with respect thereto.

Invested Assets” means cash, Cash Equivalents, short term investments, investments held for sale and any other assets which are treated as investments under GAAP.

Investment Policy” means the investment policy of the Borrower as in effect on the Closing Date for the management of its investment portfolio with such revisions thereto as are approved by the Board of Directors of the Borrower from time to time.

Investments” has the meaning given to such term in Section 7.5.

Issue” means, with respect to any Letter of Credit, to issue, to amend or to extend the expiry of, or to renew or increase the Stated Amount of, such Letter of Credit; and the terms “Issued”, “Issuing” and “Issuance” have correlative meanings.

Issuing Lender” means Wachovia in its capacity as issuer of Letters of Credit, and its successors in such capacity.

Judgment Currency” has the meaning given to such term in Section 10.14.

L/C Advance” has the meaning given to such term in Section 2.5(b)(i).

L/C Disbursement” means with respect to any Letter of Credit, a payment made by the Issuing Lender pursuant thereto.

L/C Disbursement Date” means, with respect to each L/C Disbursement made under any Letter of Credit for purposes of determining when the Reimbursement Obligation of the Borrower is due and payable pursuant to Section 2.5(a)(iv), if the Borrower receives notice from the Administrative Agent of any L/C Disbursement prior to 2:00 p.m., Charlotte time, on any Business Day, such Business Day and if such notice is received after 2:00 p.m., Charlotte time, on any Business Day, the following Business Day.

Lender” means each Person signatory hereto as a “Lender” and each other Person that becomes a “Lender” hereunder pursuant to Section 2.20(a) or Section 10.6, and their respective successors and assigns.

 

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Lending Office” means, with respect to any Lender, the office of such Lender designated by it as such in such Lender’s Administrative Questionnaire or in connection with an Assignment and Assumption, or such other office as may be otherwise designated in writing from time to time by such Lender to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent. A Lender may designate separate Lending Offices as provided in the foregoing sentence for the purposes of making or maintaining different Types of Loans and Letters of Credit, and, with respect to LIBOR Loans, such office may be a domestic or foreign branch or Affiliate of such Lender.

Letter of Credit” means any standby letter of credit Issued by the Issuing Lender hereunder in which the Lenders purchase a risk participation pursuant to Section 2.5(a)(iii) and which shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit G or in such other form as may be agreed by the Borrower and the Issuing Lender; and “Letters of Credit” means all of the foregoing.

Letter of Credit Application” has the meaning given to such term in Section 2.5(a)(i).

Letter of Credit Commitment” means $100,000,000 or, if less, the aggregate Commitments at the time of determination, as such amount may be reduced at or prior to such time pursuant to the terms hereof.

Letter of Credit Documents” means, with respect to any Letter of Credit, collectively, such Letter of Credit and any Letter of Credit Application therefor and any other agreements, instruments, guarantees or other documents (whether general in application or applicable only to such Letter of Credit) governing or providing for the rights and obligations of the parties concerned or at risk with respect to such Letter of Credit.

Letter of Credit Exposure” means, at any time for each Lender, such Lender’s Ratable Share of the sum of (i) the aggregate Stated Amount of all outstanding Letters of Credit and (ii) the aggregate amount of all outstanding Reimbursement Obligations at such time.

Letter of Credit Fee” has the meaning given to such term in Section 2.10(e).

LIBOR Market Index Rate” means, for any Business Day, the rate of interest for one month U.S. dollar deposits appearing on Reuters Screen LIBOR01 Page (or any successor page) determined as of 11:00 a.m. (London time), for such day, or if such day is not a Business Day, then the immediately preceding Business Day (or if not so reported, then as determined by the Administrative Agent from another recognized source or interbank quotation).

LIBOR Loan” means, at any time, any Loan that bears interest at such time at the applicable Adjusted LIBOR Rate.

LIBOR Rate” means, with respect to each LIBOR Loan comprising part of the same Borrowing for any Interest Period, an interest rate per annum obtained by dividing (i) (y) the rate of interest appearing on Reuters Screen LIBOR01 (or any successor page) or (z) if no such rate is available, the rate of interest determined by the Administrative Agent to be the rate or the arithmetic mean of rates at which Dollar deposits in immediately available funds are offered to first-tier banks in the London interbank Eurodollar market, in each case under (y) and (z) above at approximately 11:00 a.m., London time, two Business Days prior to the first day of such

 

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Interest Period for a period substantially equal to such Interest Period, by (ii) the amount equal to 1.00 minus the Reserve Requirement (expressed as a decimal) for such Interest Period.

Licenses” has the meaning given to such term in Section 4.5.

Lien” means any mortgage, pledge, hypothecation, assignment, security interest, lien (statutory or otherwise), charge or other encumbrance of any nature, whether voluntary or involuntary, including, without limitation, the interest of any vendor or lessor under any conditional sale agreement, title retention agreement, Capital Lease or any other lease or arrangement having substantially the same effect as any of the foregoing.

Loans” shall mean any or all of the Revolving Loans, the Term Loans and the Swingline Loans.

Main Domestic Insurance Subsidiary” means any one of Provident Life and Accident Insurance Company, Unum Life Insurance Company of America, The Paul Revere Life Insurance Company and Colonial Life & Accident Insurance Company, and “Main Domestic Insurance Subsidiaries” refers to all of them.

Margin Stock” has the meaning given to such term in Regulation U.

Material Adverse Effect” means a material adverse effect upon (i) the business, assets, liabilities (actual or contingent), operations, condition (financial or otherwise) of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, (ii) the ability of the Borrower to perform its payment or other material obligations under this Agreement or any of the other Credit Documents or (iii) the legality, validity or enforceability of this Agreement or any of the other Credit Documents or the rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders hereunder and thereunder.

Material Subsidiaries” means, collectively, each Subsidiary of the Borrower that is a “significant subsidiary” as such term is defined in Regulation S-X, excluding any Securitization Subsidiary.

Maturity Date” shall mean the Commitment Termination Date unless the Borrower shall exercise the Term-Out Option, in which case “Maturity Date” shall mean the Final Maturity Date.

Model Act” means the Risk-Based Capital for Life and/or Health Insurers Model Act and the rules, regulations and procedures prescribed from time to time by the NAIC with respect thereto, in each case as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time by the NAIC.

Moody’s” means Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., and its successors and assigns.

Multiemployer Plan” means any “multiemployer plan” within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA to which the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate makes, is making or is obligated to make contributions or may have liability.

NAIC” means the National Association of Insurance Commissioners or any successor thereto.

 

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Non-Extension Notice Date” has the meaning given to such term in Section 2.5(a)(ii).

Note” means any promissory note of the Borrower in the form of Exhibit A prepared in accordance with Section 2.4(d).

Notice of Borrowing” has the meaning given to such term in Section 2.2(a).

Notice of Conversion/Continuation” has the meaning given to such term in Section 2.12(b).

Notice of Non-Extension” has the meaning given to such term in Section 2.5(a)(ii).

Notice of Swingline Borrowing” has the meaning given to such term in Section 2.2(c).

Obligations” means all principal of and interest (including interest accruing after the filing of a petition or commencement of a case by or with respect to the Borrower seeking relief under any applicable Debtor Relief Laws, whether or not the claim for such interest is allowed in such proceeding) on the Loans and Reimbursement Obligations and all fees, expenses, indemnities and other obligations owing, due or payable at any time by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender, the Swingline Lender, any Lender or any other Person entitled thereto, under this Agreement or any of the other Credit Documents, in each case whether direct or indirect, joint or several, absolute or contingent, matured or unmatured, liquidated or unliquidated, secured or unsecured, and whether existing by contract, operation of law or otherwise.

OFAC” means the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, and any successor thereto.

Other Taxes” means all present or future stamp or documentary taxes or duties or any other excise or property taxes, charges or similar levies or duties arising from any payment made hereunder or under any other Credit Document or from the execution, delivery or enforcement of, or otherwise with respect to, this Agreement or any other Credit Document.

Participant” has the meaning given to such term in Section 10.6(d).

PATRIOT Act” means the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT Act of 2001), as amended from time to time, and any successor statute, and all rules and regulations from time to time promulgated thereunder.

Payment Office” means the office of the Administrative Agent designated on Schedule 1.1(a) under the heading “Instructions for wire transfers to the Administrative Agent,” or such other office as the Administrative Agent may designate to the Lenders and the Borrower for such purpose from time to time.

PBGC” means the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation established pursuant to Subtitle A of Title IV of ERISA, and any successor thereto.

 

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Permitted Liens” has the meaning given to such term in Section 7.3.

Person” means any natural person, corporation, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, association, company, partnership, Governmental Authority or other entity.

Plan” means any “employee pension benefit plan” within the meaning of Section 3(2) of ERISA that is subject to the provisions of Title IV of ERISA (other than a Multiemployer Plan) and to which the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate may have any liability.

Platform” has the meaning given to such term in Section 5.1.

Primary Policies” means any insurance policies issued by an Insurance Subsidiary.

Prohibited Transaction” means any transaction described in (i) Section 406 of ERISA that is not exempt by reason of Section 408 of ERISA (or the regulations issued thereunder) or by reason of a Department of Labor prohibited transaction individual or class exemption or (ii) Section 4975(c) of the Code that is not exempt by reason of Section 4975(c)(2) or 4975(d) of the Code (or the regulations issued thereunder) or by reason of a Department of Labor prohibited transaction individual or class exemption.

Public Lender” has the meaning given to such term in Section 5.1.

Quarterly Statement” means, with respect to any Insurance Subsidiary or the Borrower, the quarterly financial statements of such Person as required to be filed with any Insurance Regulatory Authority of competent jurisdiction, prepared in conformity with SAP and in accordance with the laws of such jurisdiction, together with all exhibits, schedules, certificates and actuarial opinions required to be filed or delivered therewith.

Ratable Share” of any amount means, at any time for each Lender, a percentage obtained by dividing such Lender’s Commitment at such time by the aggregate Commitments then in effect, provided that, if the Commitment Termination Date has occurred, the Ratable Share of each Lender shall be determined by dividing such Lender’s Credit Exposure by the Aggregate Credit Exposure as of any date of determination.

Reference Period” with respect to any date of determination, means (except as may be otherwise expressly provided herein) the period of twelve consecutive fiscal months of the Borrower immediately preceding such date or, if such date is the last day of a fiscal quarter, the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ending on such date.

Refunded Swingline Loans” has the meaning given to such term in Section 2.2(d).

Register” has the meaning given to such term in Section 10.6(c).

Regulations D, T, U and X” means Regulations D, T, U and X, respectively, of the Federal Reserve Board, and any successor regulations.

 

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Reimbursement Obligations” means the obligation of the Borrower to reimburse the Issuing Lender and the Lenders for any payment made by Issuing Lender and the Lenders under, or in respect of, any Letter of Credit, together with interest thereon payable as provided herein.

Reinsurance Agreement” means any agreement, contract, treaty, policy, certificate or other arrangement whereby any reinsurer agrees to assume from or reinsure an insurer or reinsurer all or part of the liability of such insurer or reinsurer under a policy or policies of insurance issued by such insurer or reinsurer.

Related Parties” means, with respect to any Person, such Person’s Affiliates and the partners, directors, officers, employees, agents and advisors of such Person and of such Person’s Affiliates.

Reportable Event” means, with respect to any Plan, (i) any “reportable event” within the meaning of Section 4043(c) of ERISA for which the 30-day notice under Section 4043(a) of ERISA has not been waived by the PBGC (including, without limitation, any failure to meet the minimum funding standard of, or timely make any required installment under, Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, regardless of the issuance of any waivers in accordance with Section 412(d) of the Code), (ii) any such “reportable event” subject to advance notice to the PBGC under Section 4043(b)(3) of ERISA, (iii) any application for a funding waiver or an extension of any amortization period pursuant to Section 412 of the Code, and (iv) a cessation of operations described in Section 4062(e) of ERISA.

Required Lenders” means, (a) prior to the Commitment Termination Date, Lenders having commitments representing more than 50% of the aggregate Commitments at such time, or (b) on and after the Commitment Termination Date, the Lenders holding outstanding Credit Exposure (excluding Swingline Loans), representing more than 50% of the Aggregate Credit Exposure at such time.

Requirement of Law” means, with respect to any Person, the charter, articles or certificate of organization or incorporation and bylaws or other organizational or governing documents of such Person, and any statute, law, treaty, rule, regulation, order, decree, writ, injunction or determination of any arbitrator or court or other Governmental Authority, in each case applicable to or binding upon such Person or any of its property or to which such Person or any of its property is subject or otherwise pertaining to any or all of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the other Credit Documents.

Reserve Requirement” means, with respect to any Interest Period, the reserve percentage (expressed as a decimal and rounded upwards, if necessary, to the next higher 1/100th of 1%) in effect from time to time during such Interest Period, as provided by the Federal Reserve Board, applied for determining the maximum reserve requirements (including, without limitation, basic, supplemental, marginal and emergency reserves) applicable to Wachovia under Regulation D with respect to “Eurocurrency liabilities” within the meaning of Regulation D, or under any similar or successor regulation with respect to Eurocurrency liabilities or Eurocurrency funding.

Responsible Officer” means, with respect to the Borrower, the president, the chief executive officer, the chief financial officer, any executive officer, or any other Financial Officer

 

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of the Borrower, and any other officer or similar official thereof directly responsible for the administration of the obligations of the Borrower in respect of this Agreement or any other Credit Document.

Retrocession Agreement” means any agreement, treaty, certificate or other arrangement whereby any Subsidiary cedes to another insurer all or part of such Subsidiary’s liability under a policy or policies of insurance reinsured by such Subsidiary.

Revolving Loans” has the meaning given to such term in Section 2.1.

Risk Based Capital Ratio” means the risk-based capital ratio for the Domestic Insurance Subsidiaries (excluding the Securitization Subsidiaries), calculated on a weighted average basis, using the NAIC Company Action Level formula, as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time by the NAIC.

S&P” means Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services, a division of The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. and its successors and assigns.

Sanctioned Country” means a country subject to a sanctions program identified on the list maintained by OFAC and available at http://www.treas.gov/offices/enforcement/ofac/ sanctions, or as otherwise published from time to time.

Sanctioned Person” means (i) a Person named on the list of Specially Designated Nationals or Blocked Persons maintained by OFAC available at http://www.treas.gov/offices/ enforcement/ofac/sdn, or as otherwise published from time to time, or (ii) (A) an agency of the government of a Sanctioned Country, (B) an organization controlled by a Sanctioned Country, or (C) a Person resident in a Sanctioned Country, to the extent subject to a sanctions program administered by OFAC.

SAP” means, with respect to any Insurance Subsidiary or the Borrower, the statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the relevant Insurance Regulatory Authority of its jurisdiction of domicile, consistently applied and maintained, as in effect from time to time, subject to the provisions of Section 1.2.

Securitization” means any securitization or monetization arrangement involving a Securitization Subsidiary with respect to obligations arising out of or relating to Securitized Assets.

Securitization Indebtedness” means Indebtedness for borrowed money of any Securitization Subsidiary incurred in connection with a Securitization.

Securitization Subsidiary” means (i) Tailwind Holdings, LLC and (ii) Northwind Holdings, LLC, and their respective successors.

Securitized Assets” means Primary Policies, Reinsurance Agreements and Retrocession Agreements.

 

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Stated Amount” means, with respect to any Letter of Credit at any time, the aggregate amount available to be drawn thereunder at such time (regardless of whether any conditions for drawing could then be met).

Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, any corporation or other Person of which more than 50% of the outstanding Equity Interests having ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the board of directors, board of managers or other governing body of such Person, is at the time, directly or indirectly, owned or controlled by such Person and one or more of its other Subsidiaries or a combination thereof (irrespective of whether, at the time, securities of any other class or classes of any such corporation or other Person shall or might have voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency). When used without reference to a parent entity, the term “Subsidiary” shall be deemed to refer to a Subsidiary of the Borrower.

Swingline Commitment” means $25,000,000 or, if less, the aggregate Commitments at the time of determination, as such amount may be reduced at or prior to such time pursuant to the terms hereof.

Swingline Exposure” means, with respect to any Lender at any time, its maximum aggregate liability to make Refunded Swingline Loans pursuant to Section 2.2(d) to refund, or to purchase participations pursuant to Section 2.2(e) in, Swingline Loans that are outstanding at such time.

Swingline Lender” means Wachovia in its capacity as maker of Swingline Loans, and its successors in such capacity.

Swingline Loans” has the meaning given to such term in Section 2.1(c).

Taxes” means all present or future taxes, levies, imposts, duties, deductions, withholdings, assessments, fees or other charges imposed by any Governmental Authority, including any interest, additions to tax or penalties applicable thereto.

Term Loans” shall mean each Revolving Loan that is converted into a term loan on the Commitment Termination Date as set forth in Section 2.1(b).

Term-Out Option” shall have the meaning given to such term in Section 2.1(b).

Total Capitalization” means, as of any date of determination, the sum of (i) Consolidated Net Worth as of such date, (ii) Consolidated Indebtedness (but excluding any Hybrid Equity Securities) as of such date and (iii) the obligations of any Unum Party under any Hybrid Equity Securities as of such date.

Total Voting Power” means, with respect to any Person, the total number of votes which may be cast in the election of directors of such Person at any meeting of shareholders of such Person if all securities entitled to vote in the election of directors of such Person (on a fully diluted basis, assuming the exercise, conversion or exchange of all rights, warrants, options and securities exercisable for, exchangeable for or convertible into, such voting securities) were present and voted at such meeting (other than votes that may be cast only upon the happening of a contingency).

 

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TPS Exclusion Amount” means, on any date of determination, an amount equal to 15% of the sum of (i) the accreted value of the Trust Preferred Securities outstanding on such date, (ii) Consolidated Indebtedness as of such date (excluding, to the extent otherwise included, the Trust Preferred Securities) and (iii) the Consolidated Net Worth as of such date (excluding, to the extent otherwise included, the Trust Preferred Securities).

Trust Preferred Securities” means any preferred securities offered by a special purpose business trust of which the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries is the grantor, the proceeds of which are or have been used principally to purchase subordinated debentures issued by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries.

Type” means with respect to a Loan, its character as a Base Rate Loan or a LIBOR Loan.

Unfunded Pension Liability” means, with respect to any Plan, the excess of its benefit liabilities under Section 4001(a)(16) of ERISA over the current value of its assets, determined in accordance with the applicable assumptions used for funding under Section 412 of the Code, each as reported in the most recent annual report for such Plan.

United States” and “U.S.” mean the United States of America.

Unum Parties” means, collectively, the Borrower, the Borrower’s Subsidiaries, and their respective successors.

Unutilized Commitment” means, at any time for each Lender, such Lender’s Commitment less the sum of (i) the outstanding principal amount of Loans made by such Lender (ii) such Lender’s Swingline Exposure and (iii) such Lender’s Letter of Credit Exposure.

Unutilized Swingline Commitment” means, with respect to the Swingline Lender at any time, the Swingline Commitment at such time less the aggregate principal amount of all Swingline Loans that are outstanding at such time.

Utilization Fee” has the meaning given to such term in Section 2.10(c).

Wachovia” means Wachovia Bank, National Association, and its successors and assigns.

Wells Notice” means, with respect to any Person, a written notice by the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) to the effect that the staff has completed an investigation of such Person and intends to recommend that the SEC take enforcement action against such Person in respect of alleged securities laws violations.

Wholly Owned” means, with respect to any Subsidiary of any Person, that 100% of the outstanding Equity Interests of such Subsidiary is owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person.

1.2 Accounting Terms; GAAP and SAP. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all terms of an accounting or financial nature shall be construed in accordance with GAAP or SAP, as the context requires, each as in effect from time to time; provided that, if the

 

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Borrower notifies the Administrative Agent that it requests an amendment to any provision hereof to eliminate the effect of any change occurring after the date hereof in GAAP or SAP, as the case may be, or in the application thereof on the operation of such provision (or if the Administrative Agent notifies the Borrower that the Required Lenders request an amendment to any provision hereof for such purpose), regardless of whether any such notice is given before or after such change in GAAP or SAP, as the case may be, or in the application thereof, then such provision shall be interpreted on the basis of GAAP or SAP, as the case may be, as in effect and applied immediately before such change shall have become effective until such notice shall have been withdrawn or such provision amended in accordance herewith.

1.3 Other Terms; Construction.

(a) The definitions of terms herein shall apply equally to the singular and plural forms of the terms defined. Whenever the context may require, any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms. The words “include,” “includes” and “including” shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without limitation.” The word “will” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect as the word “shall.” Unless the context requires otherwise, (i) any definition of or reference to any agreement, instrument or other document shall be construed as referring to such agreement, instrument or other document as from time to time amended, supplemented, restated or otherwise modified (subject to any restrictions on such amendments, supplements, restatements or modifications set forth herein or in any other Credit Document), (ii) any reference herein to any Person shall be construed to include such Person’s successors and assigns permitted hereunder, (iii) the words “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder,” and words of similar import when used in any Credit Document, shall be construed to refer to such Credit Document in its entirety and not to any particular provision thereof, (iv) all references in a Credit Document to Articles, Sections, Exhibits and Schedules shall be construed to refer to Articles and Sections of, and Exhibits and Schedules to, the Credit Document in which such references appear, (v) any reference to any law or regulation herein shall, unless otherwise specified, refer to such law or regulation as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, and (vi) the words “asset” and “property” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect and to refer to any and all tangible and intangible assets and properties, including cash, securities, accounts and contract rights.

(b) All references herein to the Lenders or any of them shall be deemed to include the Issuing Lender and the Swingline Lender unless specifically provided otherwise or unless the context otherwise requires.

ARTICLE II

AMOUNT AND TERMS OF THE CREDIT

2.1 Commitments.

(a) Each Lender severally agrees, subject to and on the terms and conditions of this Agreement, (i) to make loans (each, a “Revolving Loan,” and collectively, the “Revolving Loans”) to the Borrower from time to time on any Business Day during the Availability Period, (ii) the Issuing Lender hereby agrees from time to time on any Business Day during the

 

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Availability Period to Issue Letters of Credit for the account of the Borrower, and each Lender hereby agrees to purchase participations in the obligations of the Issuing Lender under such Letters of Credit so issued; provided that no Lender shall be obligated to make or participate in any Credit Extension if, immediately after giving effect thereto (and to any concurrent repayment of Swingline Loans with proceeds of Revolving Loans made pursuant to such Borrowing), (x) the Credit Exposure of any Lender would exceed its Commitment at such time, (y) the Aggregate Credit Exposure would exceed the aggregate Commitments at such time, or (z) with respect to any Credit Extension constituting the Issuance of a Letter of Credit, the applicable conditions in Section 2.5(e) are not satisfied. Within the foregoing limits, and subject to and on the terms and conditions hereof, the Borrower may borrow, repay and reborrow Revolving Loans, and the Borrower may obtain Letters of Credit on a revolving basis to replace Letters of Credit that have expired or that have been drawn upon and reimbursed.

(b) Subject to and upon the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Borrower may, by notice to the Administrative Agent, which shall promptly notify the Lenders, not less than five Business Days prior to the Commitment Termination Date, convert all Revolving Loans outstanding as of the close of business on the Commitment Termination Date into Term Loans (the “Term-Out Option”), provided that the applicable conditions in Section 3.2 have been satisfied, both immediately before and after giving effect to the conversion of such Revolving Loans. The Terms Loans of each Lender (i) shall, unless otherwise specifically provided herein, consist of Term Loans of the same Type, and (ii) shall not exceed in initial principal amount for such Lender an amount which equals the total principal amount of Revolving Loans owed to such Lender and outstanding as of the close of business on the Commitment Termination Date. Once repaid, Term Loans may not be reborrowed.

(c) The Swingline Lender agrees, subject to and on the terms and conditions of this Agreement, to make loans (each, a “Swingline Loan,” and collectively, the “Swingline Loans”) to the Borrower, from time to time on any Business Day during the Availability Period in an aggregate principal amount at any time outstanding not exceeding the Swingline Commitment. Swingline Loans may be made even if the aggregate principal amount of Swingline Loans outstanding at any time, when added to the aggregate principal amount of the Revolving Loans made by the Swingline Lender in its capacity as a Lender outstanding at such time and its Letter of Credit Exposure at such time, would exceed the Swingline Lender’s own Commitment at such time, but provided that no Borrowing of Swingline Loans shall be made if, immediately after giving effect thereto, (y) the Credit Exposure of any Lender (other than the Swingline Lender) would exceed its Commitment at such time or (z) the Aggregate Credit Exposure would exceed the aggregate Commitments at such time. Subject to and on the terms and conditions of this Agreement, the Borrower may borrow, repay (including by means of a Borrowing of Revolving Loans pursuant to Section 2.2(e)) and reborrow Swingline Loans.

2.2 Borrowing.

(a) The Loans shall, at the option of the Borrower and subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, be either Base Rate Loans or LIBOR Loans, provided that (i) the Swingline Loans shall be made and maintained at the LIBOR Market Index Rate plus the Applicable Percentage for LIBOR Loans as in effect at such time and (ii) all Loans comprising the same Borrowing shall, unless otherwise specifically provided herein, be of the same Type. In

 

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order to make a Borrowing (other than (w) Borrowings of Swingline Loans, which shall be made pursuant to Section 2.2(c), (x) Borrowings for the purpose of repaying Refunded Swingline Loans, which shall be made pursuant to Section 2.2(d),(y) conversions of Revolving Loans upon exercise of the Term-Out Option, which shall be made pursuant to Section 2.1(b) or (z) continuations or conversions of outstanding Loans made pursuant to Section 2.12), the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent a fully executed, irrevocable notice of borrowing in the form of Exhibit B-1 (the “Notice of Borrowing”) no later than 11:00 a.m., Charlotte time three Business Days prior to each Borrowing of LIBOR Loans and not later than 10:00 a.m., Charlotte time, on the same Business Day prior to each Borrowing of Base Rate Loans. Upon its receipt of the Notice of Borrowing, the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each Lender of the proposed borrowing. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein:

(i) each Borrowing of Base Rate Loans shall be in a principal amount not less than $3,000,000 or, if greater, an integral multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof, and each Borrowing of LIBOR Loans shall be in a principal amount not less than $5,000,000 or, if greater, an integral multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof (or, in each case if less than the minimum amount, in the amount of the aggregate Unutilized Commitments);

(ii) if the Borrower shall have failed to designate the Type of Loans in a Notice of Borrowing, then the Loans shall be made as Base Rate Loans; and

(iii) if the Borrower shall have failed to specify an Interest Period to be applicable to any Borrowing of LIBOR Loans, then the Borrower shall be deemed to have selected an Interest Period of one month.

(b) Not later than 1:00 p.m., Charlotte time, on the requested Borrowing Date, each Lender will make available to the Administrative Agent at the Payment Office an amount, in Dollars and in immediately available funds, equal to its Ratable Share of such requested Borrowing as its Loan or Loans. Upon satisfaction or waiver of the applicable conditions set forth in Section 3.2 (and, if such Borrowing is to occur on the Closing Date, Section 3.1), the Administrative Agent will make the proceeds of the Loans available to the Borrower in accordance with Section 2.3(a) by causing an amount of like funds equal to the amount received from the Lenders to be credited to an account of the Borrower.

(c) In order to make a Borrowing of a Swingline Loan, the Borrower will give the Administrative Agent (and the Swingline Lender, if the Swingline Lender is not also the Administrative Agent) written notice not later than 11:00 a.m., Charlotte time, on the date of such Borrowing. Each such notice (each, a “Notice of Swingline Borrowing”) shall be given in the form of Exhibit B-2, shall be irrevocable and shall specify (i) the principal amount of the Swingline Loan to be made pursuant to such Borrowing (which shall not be less than $100,000 and, if greater, shall be in an integral multiple of $100,000 in excess thereof (or, if less, in the amount of the Unutilized Swingline Commitment)) and (ii) the requested Borrowing Date, which shall be a Business Day. Not later than 1:00 p.m., Charlotte time, on the requested Borrowing Date, the Swingline Lender will make available to the Administrative Agent at the Payment Office an amount, in Dollars and in immediately available funds, equal to the amount of the requested Swingline Loan. To the extent the Swingline Lender has made such amount available to the Administrative Agent as provided hereinabove, the Administrative Agent will make such

 

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amount available to the Borrower in accordance with Section 2.3(a) and in like funds as received by the Administrative Agent.

(d) With respect to any outstanding Swingline Loans, the Swingline Lender may at any time (whether or not an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing) in its sole and absolute discretion, and is hereby authorized and empowered by the Borrower to, cause a Borrowing of Revolving Loans to be made for the purpose of repaying such Swingline Loans by delivering to the Administrative Agent (if the Administrative Agent is not also the Swingline Lender) and each other Lender (on behalf of, and with a copy to, the Borrower), not later than 11:00 a.m., Charlotte time, one Business Day prior to the proposed Borrowing Date therefor, a notice (which shall be deemed to be a Notice of Borrowing given by the Borrower) requesting the Lenders to make Revolving Loans (which shall be made initially as Base Rate Loans) on such Borrowing Date in an aggregate amount equal to the amount of such Swingline Loans (the “Refunded Swingline Loans”) outstanding on the date such notice is given that the Swingline Lender requests to be repaid. Not later than 1:00 p.m., Charlotte time, on the requested Borrowing Date, each Lender (other than the Swingline Lender) will make available to the Administrative Agent at the Payment Office an amount, in Dollars and in immediately available funds, equal to the amount of the Revolving Loan to be made by such Lender. To the extent the Lenders have made such amounts available to the Administrative Agent as provided hereinabove, the Administrative Agent will make the aggregate of such amounts available to the Swingline Lender in like funds as received by the Administrative Agent, which shall apply such amounts in repayment of the Refunded Swingline Loans. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, on the relevant Borrowing Date, the Refunded Swingline Loans (including the Swingline Lender’s ratable share thereof, in its capacity as a Lender) shall be deemed to be repaid with the proceeds of the Revolving Loans made as provided above (including a Revolving Loan deemed to have been made by the Swingline Lender), and such Refunded Swingline Loans deemed to be so repaid shall no longer be outstanding as Swingline Loans but shall be outstanding as Revolving Loans. If any portion of any such amount repaid (or deemed to be repaid) to the Swingline Lender shall be recovered by or on behalf of the Borrower from the Swingline Lender in any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceeding or otherwise, the loss of the amount so recovered shall be shared ratably among all the Lenders in the manner contemplated by Section 2.16(b).

(e) If, as a result of any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceeding with respect to the Borrower, Revolving Loans are not made pursuant to Section 2.2(d) in an amount sufficient to repay any amounts owed to the Swingline Lender in respect of any outstanding Swingline Loans, or if the Swingline Lender is otherwise precluded for any reason from giving a notice on behalf of the Borrower as provided for hereinabove, the Swingline Lender shall be deemed to have sold without recourse, representation or warranty (except for the absence of Liens thereon created, incurred or suffered to exist by, through or under the Swingline Lender), and each Lender shall be deemed to have purchased and hereby agrees to purchase, a participation in such outstanding Swingline Loans in an amount equal to its Ratable Share of the unpaid amount thereof together with accrued interest thereon. Upon one Business Day’s prior notice from the Swingline Lender, each Lender (other than the Swingline Lender) will make available to the Administrative Agent at the Payment Office an amount, in Dollars and in immediately available funds, equal to its respective participation. To the extent the Lenders have made such amounts available to the Administrative Agent as provided hereinabove, the Administrative Agent will

 

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make the aggregate of such amounts available to the Swingline Lender in like funds as received by the Administrative Agent. In the event any such Lender fails to make available to the Administrative Agent the amount of such Lender’s participation as provided in this Section 2.2(e), the Swingline Lender shall be entitled to recover such amount on demand from such Lender, together with interest thereon for each day from the date such amount is required to be made available for the account of the Swingline Lender until the date such amount is made available to the Swingline Lender at the Federal Funds Rate for the first three Business Days and thereafter at the Adjusted Base Rate. Promptly following its receipt of any payment by or on behalf of the Borrower in respect of a Swingline Loan, the Swingline Lender will pay to each Lender that has acquired a participation therein such Lender’s Ratable Share of such payment.

(f) Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, the obligation of each Lender (other than the Swingline Lender) to make Revolving Loans for the purpose of repaying any Refunded Swingline Loans pursuant to Section 2.2(d) and each such Lender’s obligation to purchase a participation in any unpaid Swingline Loans pursuant to Section 2.2(e) shall be absolute and unconditional and shall not be affected by any circumstance or event whatsoever, including, without limitation, (i) any set-off, counterclaim, recoupment, defense or other right that such Lender may have against the Swingline Lender, the Administrative Agent, the Borrower or any other Person for any reason whatsoever, (ii) the occurrence or continuance of any Default or Event of Default, (iii) the failure of the amount of such Borrowing of Revolving Loans to meet the minimum Borrowing amount specified in Section 2.2(a), or (iv) the failure of any conditions set forth in Section 3.2 or elsewhere herein to be satisfied.

(g) All Term Loans made pursuant to Section 2.1(b) shall be made by the Lenders pro rata on the basis of their respective Commitments as in effect immediately prior to the Commitment Termination Date.

2.3 Disbursements; Funding Reliance; Domicile of Loans.

(a) The Borrower hereby authorizes the Administrative Agent to disburse the proceeds of each Borrowing it makes in accordance with the terms of any written instructions from any Authorized Officer of the Borrower, provided that the Administrative Agent shall not be obligated under any circumstances to forward amounts to any account not listed in an Account Designation Letter.

(b) Unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from a Lender prior to the proposed date of any Borrowing that such Lender will not make available to the Administrative Agent its Ratable Share of such Borrowing, the Administrative Agent may assume that such Lender has made such share available on such date in accordance with Section 2.2(b) and may, in reliance upon such assumption, make available to the Borrower a corresponding amount. In such event, if any Lender has not in fact made its share of the applicable Borrowing to the Administrative Agent, then such Lender and the Borrower severally agree to pay to the Administrative Agent forthwith on demand such corresponding amount with interest thereon, for each day from and including the date such amount is made available to the Borrower to but excluding the date of payment to the Administrative Agent, at (i) in the case of a payment to be made by such Lender, the greater of the Federal Funds Rate and a rate determined by the Administrative Agent in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank

 

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compensation and (ii) in the case of a payment to be made by the Borrower, the Adjusted Base Rate. If the Borrower and such Lender shall pay such interest to the Administrative Agent for the same or an overlapping period, the Administrative Agent shall promptly remit to the Borrower the amount of such interest paid by the Borrower for such period. If such Lender pays such amount to the Administrative Agent, then such amount shall constitute such Lender’s Loan made on the applicable Borrowing Date and such payment shall absolve any obligation of the Borrower in respect of any demand made under this Section in respect of such Loan. Any payment by the Borrower under this Section 2.3(b) shall be without prejudice to any claim the Borrower may have against any Lender that shall have failed to make such payment to the Administrative Agent.

(c) The obligations of the Lenders hereunder to make Loans, to fund participations in Letters of Credit and Swingline Loans and to make payments pursuant to Section 10.1(c) are several and not joint. The failure of any Lender to make any such Loan, fund its participation or to make any such payment on any date shall not relieve any other Lender of its corresponding obligation, if any, hereunder to do so on such date, but no Lender shall be responsible for the failure of any other Lender to so make its Loan, fund its participation or to make any such payment required hereunder.

(d) Each Lender may, at its option, make and maintain any Loan at, to or for the account of any of its Lending Offices, provided that any exercise of such option shall not affect the obligation of the Borrower to repay such Loan to or for the account of such Lender in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.

2.4 Evidence of Debt; Notes.

(a) Each Lender shall maintain in accordance with its usual practice an account or accounts evidencing the indebtedness of the Borrower to the applicable Lending Office of such Lender resulting from each Credit Extension made by such Lending Office of such Lender, including the amounts of principal and interest payable and paid to such Lending Office of such Lender in respect of its Loans from time to time under this Agreement.

(b) The Administrative Agent shall maintain the Register pursuant to Section 10.6(c), and a subaccount for each Lender, in which Register and subaccounts (taken together) shall be recorded (i) the amount of each such Loan, the Type of each such Loan and the Interest Period applicable thereto, (ii) the date and amount of each applicable L/C Disbursement made under a Letter of Credit, (iii) the amount of any principal or interest due and payable or to become due and payable from the Borrower to each Lender hereunder in respect of each such Loan, (iv) the amount of any Reimbursement Obligation or interest due and payable or to become due and payable from the Borrower to each Lender and the Issuing Lender and (v) the amount of any sum received by the Administrative Agent hereunder from the Borrower and each Lender’s Ratable Share thereof.

(c) The entries made in the Register and subaccounts maintained pursuant to Section 2.4(b) (and, if consistent with the entries of the Administrative Agent, the accounts maintained pursuant to Section 2.4(a)) shall be conclusive evidence of the existence and amounts of the obligations of the Borrower therein recorded; provided, however, that the failure

 

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of any Lender or the Administrative Agent to maintain such account, such Register or such subaccount, as applicable, or any error therein, shall not in any manner affect the obligation of the Borrower to repay (with applicable interest) its Obligations under this Agreement.

(d) The Loans made by each Lender shall, if requested by any Lender (which request shall be made to the Administrative Agent), be evidenced by a Note, executed by the Borrower and payable to the order of such Lender. Each Note shall be entitled to all of the benefits of this Agreement and the other Credit Documents and shall be subject to the provisions hereof and thereof.

 

2.5 Letters of Credit.

(a) General. The Borrower may request the Issuing Lender to Issue, at any time and from time to time during the Availability Period, Letters of Credit for the account of the Borrower subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, including without limitation the following:

(i) Notice of Issuance. To request the Issuance of a Letter of Credit, the Borrower shall hand deliver or telecopy (or transmit by electronic communication, if arrangements for doing so have been approved by the Issuing Lender) to the Issuing Lender and the Administrative Agent (which shall promptly notify the Lenders) at least three Business Days in advance of the requested date of Issuance (or such shorter period as is acceptable to the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Lender, including any request for the Issuance of a Letter of Credit on the Closing Date, subject to approval by the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Lender) a letter of credit application on the Issuing Lender’s standard form (with such changes as the Issuing Lender shall reasonably deem appropriate) (a “Letter of Credit Application”) requesting the Issuance of a Letter of Credit, or identifying the Letter of Credit to be amended, renewed, extended or increased as the case may be, and specifying: (A) the date of Issuance (which shall be a Business Day), (B) the date on which such Letter of Credit is to expire (which shall comply with Section 2.5(a)(ii)), (C) the Stated Amount of such Letter of Credit (it being agreed that all Letters of Credit shall be issued in Dollars), (D) the name and address of the beneficiary thereof and (E) such other information as shall be necessary to prepare, amend, renew, extend or increase, as the case may be, such Letter of Credit, it being understood and agreed that Letters of Credit may be extended and renewed in accordance with Section 2.5(a)(ii). In the event of any inconsistency between the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the terms and conditions of any Letter of Credit Application or other Letter of Credit Document submitted by the Borrower to, or entered into by the Borrower with, the Issuing Lender relating to any Letter of Credit, the terms and conditions of this Agreement shall control.

(ii) Expiry Date. Each Letter of Credit shall expire at or prior to the earlier of (a) the close of business on the date one year after the date of the issuance of such Letter of Credit (or, in the case of any renewal or extension thereof, one year after such renewal or extension), or (b) the Final Maturity Date; provided, however, if the Borrower so requests in any applicable Letter of Credit Application, the Issuing Lender may, in its sole and absolute discretion, agree to issue a Letter of Credit that provides for renewal for

 

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successive periods of one year or less (but not beyond the Final Maturity Date) (each, an “Evergreen Letter of Credit) unless and until the Issuing Lender shall have delivered prior written notice of nonrenewal to the beneficiary of such Letter of Credit (a “Notice of Non-Extension”) no later than the time specified in such Letter of Credit (such time, the “Non-Extension Notice Date”). Once an Evergreen Letter of Credit has been issued, the Lenders shall be deemed to have authorized (but may not require) the Issuing Lender to permit the extension of such Letter of Credit at any time to an expiry date not later than the Final Maturity Date; provided, however, that the Issuing Lender shall not permit any such extension if (x) the Issuing Lender has determined that it would not be permitted, or would have no obligation, at such time to issue such Letter of Credit (as extended) under the terms hereof (by reason of the provisions of Section 2.5(e) or otherwise), (y) it has received notice (which may be by telephone or in writing) on or before the day that is five Business Days before the Non-Extension Notice Date (1) from the Administrative Agent that the Required Lenders have elected not to permit such extension or (2) from the Administrative Agent, the Required Lenders or the Borrower that one or more of the applicable conditions specified in Section 3.2 is not then satisfied or (z) the Commitment Termination Date has occurred, and in each such case directing the Issuing Lender not to permit such extension.

(iii) Participations. By the Issuance of a Letter of Credit by the Issuing Lender and without any further action on the part of the Issuing Lender or the Lenders, the Issuing Lender shall be deemed to have sold and transferred to each Lender, and each Lender shall be deemed irrevocably and unconditionally to have purchased and received from the Issuing Lender, without recourse or warranty, an undivided interest and participation in such Letter of Credit in an amount equal to such Lender’s Ratable Share of the Stated Amount of such Letter of Credit and the the Borrower’s reimbursement obligations with respect thereto. Each Lender acknowledges and agrees that its obligation to acquire participations pursuant to this paragraph in respect of Letters of Credit is absolute, irrevocable and unconditional and shall not be affected by any circumstance whatsoever, including any amendment, renewal or extension of any Letter of Credit or the occurrence and continuance of a Default or Event of Default or reduction or termination of the aggregate Commitments. In consideration and in furtherance of the foregoing, each Lender hereby absolutely and unconditionally agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent, for account of the Issuing Lender, such Lender’s Ratable Share of each L/C Disbursement made by the Issuing Lender in respect of any Letter of Credit promptly upon the request of the Issuing Lender at any time from the time such L/C Disbursement is made until such L/C Disbursement is reimbursed by the the Borrower or at any time after any reimbursement payment is required to be disgorged or refunded to the Borrower for any reason. Such payment shall be made without any offset, abatement, withholding or reduction whatsoever. Promptly following receipt by the Administrative Agent of any payment from the Borrower pursuant to Section 2.5(a)(iv), the Administrative Agent shall distribute such payment to the Issuing Lender or, to the extent that any Lenders have made payments pursuant to this paragraph to reimburse the Issuing Lender, then to such Lenders and the Issuing Lender as their interests may appear. Any payment made by a Lender pursuant to this paragraph to reimburse the Issuing Lender for any L/C Disbursement shall not relieve the the Borrower of its obligation to reimburse such L/C Disbursement.

 

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(iv) Reimbursement. The Borrower agrees that it shall reimburse the Issuing Lender in respect of L/C Disbursements made under Letters of Credit by paying to the Administrative Agent an amount in Dollars equal to the amount of such L/C Disbursement no later than 12:00 p.m., Charlotte time, on the first Business Day after the L/C Disbursement Date (each such amount until paid together with interest thereon payable as provided in Section 2.5(g), a “Reimbursement Obligation”). The Borrower’s obligation under this 2.5(a)(iv) to reimburse each Lender with respect to its Reimbursement Obligations shall be absolute and unconditional and subject to the provisions of Section 2.13(a).

(b) Disbursement Procedures; Funding of Participations.

(i) The Issuing Lender shall, within a reasonable time following its receipt thereof (and, in any event, within any time specified in the text of the relevant Letters of Credit), examine all documents purporting to represent a demand for payment under a Letter of Credit. The Issuing Lender shall promptly after such examination notify the Administrative Agent and the the Borrower by telephone (confirmed by telecopy or email) of such demand for payment and whether the Issuing Lender has made or will make a L/C Disbursement thereunder; provided that any failure to give or delay in giving such notice shall not relieve the Borrower of its obligation to reimburse the Issuing Lender and the Lenders with respect to any such L/C Disbursement. If the Borrower shall fail to reimburse the Issuing Lender for such L/C Disbursement on the date and time specified in Section 2.5(a)(iv), the Administrative Agent shall notify each Lender of the applicable L/C Disbursement, the payment then due from the Borrower in respect thereof and such Lender’s Ratable Share thereof. Each Lender (including the Lender acting as Issuing Lender) shall upon such notice make funds available in Dollars to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Issuing Lender at the Payment Office in an amount equal to its Ratable Share of the unpaid L/C Disbursement (such amount, its “L/C Advance”) not later than 2:00 p.m. on the Business Day specified in such notice by the Administrative Agent. No such making of an L/C Advance shall relieve or otherwise impair the obligation of the the Borrower to reimburse the Issuing Lender for the amount of any payment made by the Issuing Lender under such Letter of Credit, together with interest as provided herein.

(ii) If any Lender fails to make available to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Issuing Lender any amount required to be paid by such Lender pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.5(b) by the time specified in Section 2.5(b)(i), the Issuing Lender shall be entitled to recover from such Lender (acting through the Administrative Agent), on demand, such amount with interest thereon for the period from the date such payment is required to the date on which such payment is immediately available to the Issuing Lender at a rate per annum equal to the Federal Funds Rate from time to time in effect. A certificate of the Issuing Lender submitted to any Lender (through the Administrative Agent) with respect to any amounts owing under this clause (ii) shall be conclusive absent manifest error. Until a Lender funds its L/C Advance pursuant to this Section 2.5(b) to reimburse the Issuing Lender for any L/C Disbursement, interest in respect of such Lender’s L/C Advance shall be solely for the account of the Issuing Lender.

 

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(c) Repayment of Participations.

(i) At any time after the Issuing Lender has made a payment under any Letter of Credit and has received from any Lender such Lender’s L/C Advance in respect of such payment in accordance with Section 2.5(b), if the Administrative Agent receives for the account of the Issuing Lender any payment in respect of the related unpaid L/C Disbursement or interest thereon (whether directly from the the Borrower or otherwise, including proceeds of cash collateral applied thereto by the Administrative Agent), the Administrative Agent will distribute to such Lender its Ratable Share thereof (appropriately adjusted, in the case of interest payments, to reflect the period of time during which such Lender’s L/C Advance was outstanding) in the same funds as those received by the Administrative Agent.

(ii) If any payment received by the Administrative Agent for the account of the Issuing Lender pursuant to Section 2.5(b)(i) is required to be returned under any of the circumstances described in Section 2.14 (including pursuant to any settlement entered into by the Issuing Lender in its discretion), each Lender shall pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Issuing Lender its Ratable Share thereof on demand of the Administrative Agent, plus interest thereon from the date of such demand to the date such amount is returned by such Lender, at a rate per annum equal to the Federal Funds Rate from time to time in effect.

(d) Failure to Make L/C Advances. The failure of any Lender to make the L/C Advance to be made by it on the date specified in Section 2.5(b) shall not relieve any other Lender of its obligation hereunder to make its L/C Advance on such date, but no Lender shall be responsible for the failure of any other Lender to make the L/C Advance to be made by such other Lender on such date.

(e) Conditions Precedent to the Issuance of Letters of Credit. The Issuing Lender shall be under no obligation to Issue any Letter of Credit if:

(i) any order, judgment or decree of any Governmental Authority or arbitrator shall by its terms enjoin or restrain the Issuance of such Letter of Credit or any Requirement of Law applicable to the Issuing Lender, the Administrative Agent or any Lender or any request or directive (whether or not having the force of law) from any Governmental Authority with jurisdiction over it shall prohibit, or request that it refrain from, the Issuance of letters of credit generally or such Letter of Credit in particular or shall impose upon it with respect to such Letter of Credit any restriction or reserve or capital requirement (for which the Issuing Lender or any Lender is not otherwise compensated) not in effect on the Closing Date, or any unreimbursed loss, cost or expense which was not applicable or in effect as of the Closing Date;

(ii) upon issuance (i) when added to the aggregate Letter of Credit Exposure of the Lenders at such time, would exceed the Letter of Credit Commitment, or (ii) when added to the Aggregate Credit Exposure, would exceed the aggregate Commitments at such time;

 

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(iii) the Issuing Lender shall have delivered a Notice of Non-Extension with respect to such Letter of Credit;

(iv) the Administrative Agent has received written notice from the Issuing Lender or the Required Lenders, as the case may be, or the Borrower, on or prior to the Business Day prior to the requested date of the Issuance of such Letter of Credit, that one or more of the applicable conditions under Section 3.2 is not then satisfied;

(v) the expiry date of such Letter of Credit would occur more than twelve months after the date of Issuance or last extension unless the Required Lenders have approved such expiry date;

(vi) the expiry date of such Letter of Credit occurs after the Final Maturity Date, unless all of the Lenders have approved such expiry date in writing;

(vii) such Letter of Credit (if other than substantially in the form of Exhibit H) is not substantially in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Issuing Lender;

(viii) such Letter of Credit is denominated in a currency other than Dollars;

(ix) a default of any Lender’s obligations to fund under Section 2.5(b) exists or any Lender is at such time a Defaulting Lender hereunder, unless the Issuing Lender has entered into satisfactory arrangements with the Borrower or such Lender to eliminate the Issuing Lender’s risk with respect to such Lender; or

(x) a Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing.

(f) Obligations Absolute.

(i) The obligations of the Borrower to reimburse with respect to a L/C Disbursement under any Letter of Credit issued for the account of the Borrower and of any Lender to reimburse the Issuing Lender with respect to any L/C Disbursement under any Letter of Credit shall be unconditional and irrevocable, and shall be paid strictly in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and any Letter of Credit Document under all circumstances, including, without limitation, the following circumstances:

(A) any lack of validity or enforceability of this Agreement, any other Credit Document, any Letter of Credit Document or any other agreement or instrument relating thereto;

(B) any change in the time, manner or place of payment of, or in any other term of, all or any of the obligations of the Borrower in respect of any Letter of Credit Document or any other amendment or waiver of or any consent to departure from all or any of the Letter of Credit Documents;

(C) the existence of any claim, set-off, defense or other right that the Borrower may have at any time against any beneficiary or any transferee of a Letter of Credit (or any Persons for which any such beneficiary or any such

 

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transferee may be acting), the Issuing Lender, the Administrative Agent, any Lender or any other Person, whether in connection with this Agreement, the transactions contemplated hereby or by such Letter of Credit or any other Letter of Credit Document or any unrelated transaction;

(D) any statement or any other document presented under a Letter of Credit proving to be forged, fraudulent, invalid or insufficient in any respect or any statement therein being untrue or inaccurate in any respect;

(E) payment by the Issuing Lender under a Letter of Credit against presentation of a draft or certificate that does not strictly comply with the terms of such Letter of Credit;

(F) any exchange, release or non-perfection of any collateral, or any release or amendment or waiver of or consent to departure from any guarantee, for all or any of the Obligations of the Borrower; or

(G) any other circumstance or happening whatsoever, whether or not similar to any of the foregoing, including, without limitation, any other circumstance that might otherwise constitute a defense available to, or a discharge of, the Borrower or any guarantor, other than as may be expressly set forth in this Agreement.

(ii) Neither the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender nor any Lender nor any of their Related Parties shall have any liability or responsibility to the Borrower by reason of or in connection with the Issuance or transfer of any Letter of Credit or any payment or failure to make any payment thereunder, or any error, omission, interruption, loss or delay in transmission or delivery of any draft, notice or other communication under or relating to any Letter of Credit (including any document required to make a drawing thereunder), any error in interpretation of technical terms or any consequence arising from causes beyond their control; provided that the foregoing shall not be construed to excuse the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender or a Lender from liability to the Borrower to the extent of any direct damages (as opposed to consequential damages, claims in respect of which are hereby waived by the Borrower to the extent permitted by applicable law) suffered by the Borrower that are caused by the gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Issuing Lender when determining whether drafts and other documents presented under a Letter of Credit comply with the terms thereof.

(g) Interest. Unless the Borrower reimburses each L/C Disbursement made in respect of Letters of Credit issued for its account in full on the date such L/C Disbursement is made, the unpaid amount of the Reimbursement Obligation thereof shall bear interest from the date of each L/C Disbursement until such amount shall be paid in full at the rate per annum then applicable to Base Rate Loans (plus an additional 2% per annum, payable on demand, if not reimbursed by the third Business Day after the date of such L/C Disbursement).

 

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(h) Interest Rate Determination. The Administrative Agent shall give prompt notice to the the Borrower and the Lenders of the applicable interest rate determined by the Administrative Agent for purposes of Section 2.5(g).

(i) Collateralization of Letters of Credit.

(i) If (i) as of the Commitment Termination Date, any Letter of Credit may for any reason remain outstanding, (ii) at any time, the Aggregate Credit Exposure shall exceed the aggregate Commitments (after giving effect to any concurrent termination or reduction thereof) pursuant to Section 2.7(b) or (iii) any Event of Default occurs and is continuing and the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders, as applicable, require the Borrower to cash collateralize the aggregate Letter of Credit Exposure pursuant to Section 8.2(d), the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent as cash collateral an amount in cash equal to 105% of the aggregate Stated Amount of all Letters of Credit of the Borrower outstanding at such time (whether or not any beneficiary under any Letter of Credit shall have drawn or be entitled at such time to draw thereunder) or, in the case of clause (ii) above, an amount in cash equal to such excess. The Administrative Agent shall deposit such cash in a special collateral account of the Borrower pursuant to arrangements satisfactory to the Administrative Agent (such account, the “Cash Collateral Account”) for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender and the Lenders.

(ii) The Borrower hereby grants to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Issuing Lender and the Lenders, a Lien upon and security interest in its Cash Collateral Account and all amounts held therein from time to time as security for the Letter of Credit Exposure of the Borrower, and for application to its aggregate Reimbursement Obligations as and when the same shall arise. The Administrative Agent shall have exclusive dominion and control, including the exclusive right of withdrawal, over such account for the benefit of the Issuing Lender and the Lenders and the Borrower shall have no interest therein except as set forth in clause (iii) of this Section 2.5(i). Other than any interest on the investment of such amounts in Cash Equivalents, which investments shall be made at the direction of the Borrower (unless a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, in which case the determination as to investments shall be made at the option and in the discretion of the Administrative Agent), amounts in the Cash Collateral Account shall not bear interest. Interest and profits, if any, on such investments shall accumulate in such account.

(iii) In the event of a drawing, and subsequent payment by the Issuing Lender, under any Letter of Credit at any time during which any amounts are held in the applicable Cash Collateral Account, the Administrative Agent will deliver to the Issuing Lender an amount equal to the Reimbursement Obligation created as a result of such payment (or, if the amounts so held are less than such Reimbursement Obligation, all of such amounts) to reimburse the Issuing Lender therefor. Any amounts remaining in any Cash Collateral Account (including interest and profits) after the expiration of the Letters of Credit of the the Borrower and reimbursement in full of the Issuing Lender for all of its respective obligations thereunder shall be held by the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Borrower, to be applied against the Obligations of the Borrower in such

 

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order and manner as the Administrative Agent may direct. If the Borrower is required to provide cash collateral pursuant to Section 2.7(b), such amount (including interest and profits), to the extent not applied as aforesaid, shall be returned to the Borrower, provided that after giving effect to such return (i) the Aggregate Credit Exposure would not exceed the aggregate Commitments at such time and (ii) no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing at such time. If the Borrower is required to provide cash collateral as a result of an Event of Default, such amount (to the extent not applied as aforesaid) shall be returned to the Borrower within three Business Days after all Events of Default have been cured or waived.

(j) Use of Letters of Credit. The Letters of Credit shall be available and the Borrower agrees that it shall use its Letters of Credit to support its own obligations primarily under the Primary Policies and Reinsurance Agreements to which it is a party and for its general corporate purposes.

2.6 Termination and Reduction of Commitments and Swingline Commitment.

(a) The aggregate Commitments shall be automatically and permanently terminated on the Commitment Termination Date. The Swingline Commitment shall be automatically and permanently terminated on the Commitment Termination Date.

(b) At any time and from time to time after the date hereof, upon not less than three Business Days’ prior written notice to the Administrative Agent (and in the case of a termination or reduction of the Unutilized Swingline Commitment, the Swingline Lender), the Borrower may terminate in whole or reduce in part the aggregate Unutilized Commitments or the Unutilized Swingline Commitment; provided that any such partial reduction shall be in an aggregate amount of not less than $5,000,000 ($500,000 in the case of the Unutilized Swingline Commitment) or, if greater, an integral multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof, and applied ratably among the Lenders according to their respective Commitments ($100,000 in the case of the Unutilized Swingline Commitment). The amount of any termination or reduction made under this Section 2.6(b) may not thereafter be reinstated. Notwithstanding any provision of this Agreement to the contrary, any reduction of the Commitments pursuant to this Section 2.6 that has the effect of reducing the aggregate Commitments to an amount less than the amount of the Swingline Commitment or the Letter of Credit Commitment at such time shall result in an automatic corresponding reduction of the Swingline Commitment or the Letter of Credit Commitment, as the case may be, to the amount of the aggregate Commitments (as so reduced), without any further action on the part of the Borrower, the Issuing Lender, the Swingline Lender or any other Lender.

(c) All fees accrued in respect of the Unutilized Commitments until the effective date of any termination thereof shall be paid on the effective date of such termination.

2.7 Mandatory Payments and Prepayments.

(a) Except to the extent due or paid sooner pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement, the Borrower shall repay to the Lenders the aggregate outstanding principal of the Revolving Loans on the Commitment Termination Date unless the Borrower exercises the Term-

 

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Out Option and, in such case, the aggregate outstanding principal of the Term Loans, if any, shall be due and payable in full on the Final Maturity Date. The aggregate outstanding principal of the Swingline Loans shall be due and payable in full on the Commitment Termination Date

(b) In the event that, at any time, the Aggregate Credit Exposure (excluding the aggregate amount of any Swingline Loans to be repaid with proceeds of Revolving Loans made on the date of determination) shall exceed the aggregate Commitments at such time (after giving effect to any concurrent termination or reduction thereof), the Borrower will immediately prepay (i) the outstanding principal amount of the Swingline Loans and, to the extent of any excess remaining after prepayment in full of outstanding Swingline Loans, (ii) the outstanding principal amount of the Revolving Loans in the amount of such excess. To the extent such excess amount is greater than the aggregate principal amount of Loans outstanding immediately prior to the application of such prepayment, the amount so prepaid shall be retained by the Administrative Agent and held in the Cash Collateral Account as cover for the aggregate Letter of Credit Exposure, as more particularly described in Section 2.5(i), and thereupon such cash shall be deemed to reduce the aggregate Letter of Credit Exposure by an equivalent amount. Each payment or prepayment pursuant to the provisions of this Section 2.7 shall be applied ratably among the Lenders holding the Loans being prepaid, in proportion to the principal amount held by each. Each payment or prepayment of a LIBOR Loan made pursuant to the provisions of this Section on a day other than the last day of the Interest Period applicable thereto shall be made together with all amounts required under Section 2.19 to be paid as a consequence thereof.

2.8 Voluntary Prepayments.

(a) At any time and from time to time, the Borrower shall have the right to prepay the Loans, in whole or in part, together with accrued interest to the date of prepayment, without premium or penalty (except as provided in clause (iii) below), upon written notice given to the Administrative Agent not later than 11:00 a.m., Charlotte time, three Business Days prior to each intended prepayment of LIBOR Loans and one Business Day prior to each intended prepayment of Base Rate Loans (other than Swingline Loans, which may be prepaid on a same-day basis), provided that (i) each partial prepayment of LIBOR Loans shall be in an aggregate principal amount of not less than $5,000,000 or, if greater, an integral multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof, and each partial prepayment of Base Rate Loans shall be in an aggregate principal amount of not less than $3,000,000 or, if greater, an integral multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof ($100,000 and $100,000, respectively, in the case of Swingline Loans), (ii) no partial prepayment of LIBOR Loans made pursuant to any single Borrowing shall reduce the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the remaining LIBOR Loans under such Borrowing to less than $5,000,000 or to any greater amount not an integral multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof, and (iii) unless made together with all amounts required under Section 2.19 to be paid as a consequence of such prepayment, a prepayment of a LIBOR Loan may be made only on the last day of the Interest Period applicable thereto. Each such notice shall specify the proposed date of such prepayment and the aggregate principal amount and Type of the Loans to be prepaid (and, in the case of LIBOR Loans, the Interest Period of such Borrowing pursuant to which made), and shall be irrevocable and shall bind the Borrower to make such prepayment on the terms specified therein. Revolving Loans and Swingline Loans prepaid pursuant to this Section 2.8(a) (but not Term Loans) may be reborrowed, subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement. In the event the Administrative Agent receives a notice of prepayment under this Section, the

 

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Administrative Agent will give prompt notice thereof to the Lenders; provided that if such notice has also been furnished to the Lenders, the Administrative Agent shall have no obligation to notify the Lenders with respect thereto.

(b) Each prepayment of the Loans made pursuant to Section 2.8(a) shall be applied ratably among the Lenders holding the Loans being prepaid, in proportion to the principal amount held by each.

2.9 Interest.

(a) Subject to Section 2.9(b), each Loan shall bear interest on the outstanding principal amount thereof from the date of Borrowing thereof until such principal amount shall be paid in full, (i) at the Adjusted Base Rate, as in effect from time to time during such periods as such Loan is a Base Rate Loan, (ii) at the Adjusted LIBOR Rate, as in effect from time to time during such periods as such Loan is a LIBOR Loan and (iii) at the Adjusted LIBOR Market Index Rate, as in effect from time to time during such periods as such Loan is a Swingline Loan.

(b) Upon the occurrence and during the continuance of any Default or Event of Default under Section 8.1(a), Section 8.1(f) or Section 8.1(g) and (at the election of the Required Lenders) upon the occurrence and during the continuance of any other Event of Default, all outstanding principal amounts of the Loans, all Reimbursement Obligations (to the extent not already bearing an additional 2% per annum pursuant to Section 2.5(g)) and, to the greatest extent permitted by law, all interest accrued on the Loans and all other accrued and outstanding fees and other amounts hereunder, shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the interest rate applicable from time to time thereafter to such Loans (whether the Adjusted Base Rate, the Adjusted LIBOR Market Index Rate or the Adjusted LIBOR Rate) plus 2% (or, in the case of interest, fees and other amounts for which no rate is provided hereunder, at the Adjusted Base Rate plus 2%), and, in each case, such default interest shall be payable on demand. To the greatest extent permitted by law, interest shall continue to accrue after the filing by or against the Borrower of any petition seeking any relief in bankruptcy or under any law pertaining to insolvency or debtor relief.

(c) Accrued (and theretofore unpaid) interest in respect of any Loan shall be payable as follows:

(i) in respect of each Base Rate Loan and Swingline Loan, in arrears on the last Business Day of each calendar quarter, beginning with the first such day to occur after the Closing Date;

(ii) in respect of each LIBOR Loan, in arrears (y) on the last Business Day of the Interest Period applicable thereto (subject to the provisions of Section 2.11(iv)) and (z) in addition, in the case of a LIBOR Loan with an Interest Period having a duration of six months, on each date on which interest would have been payable under clause (y) above had successive Interest Periods of three months’ duration been applicable to such LIBOR Loan;

 

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(iii) upon any payment of any Loan pursuant to Section 2.7 or Section 2.8 (other than the prepayment of a Base Rate Loan prior to the Maturity Date), to the extent accrued on the amount being paid or prepaid; and

(iv) in respect of any Loan, at maturity (whether pursuant to acceleration or otherwise) and, after maturity, on demand.

(d) Nothing contained in this Agreement or in any other Credit Document shall be deemed to establish or require the payment of interest to any Lender at a rate in excess of the maximum rate permitted by applicable law. If the amount of interest payable for the account of any Lender on any interest payment date would exceed the maximum amount permitted by applicable law to be charged by such Lender, the amount of interest payable for its account on such interest payment date shall be automatically reduced to such maximum permissible amount. In the event of any such reduction affecting any Lender, if from time to time thereafter the amount of interest payable for the account of such Lender on any interest payment date would be less than the maximum amount permitted by applicable law to be charged by such Lender, then the amount of interest payable for its account on such subsequent interest payment date shall be automatically increased to such maximum permissible amount, provided that at no time shall the aggregate amount by which interest paid for the account of any Lender has been increased pursuant to this sentence exceed the aggregate amount by which interest paid for its account has theretofore been reduced pursuant to the previous sentence.

(e) The Administrative Agent shall promptly notify the Borrower and the Lenders upon determining the interest rate for each Borrowing of LIBOR Loans after its receipt of the relevant Notice of Borrowing or Notice of Conversion/Continuation, and upon each change in the Base Rate; provided, however, that the failure of the Administrative Agent to provide the Borrower or the Lenders with any such notice shall neither affect any obligations of the Borrower or the Lenders hereunder nor result in any liability on the part of the Administrative Agent to the Borrower or any Lender. Each such determination (including each determination of the Reserve Requirement) shall, absent manifest error, be conclusive and binding on all parties hereto.

(f) In the event that any financial statement or Compliance Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 4.12, 5.1(a) or 5.1(b) is shown to be inaccurate (regardless of whether this Agreement or the Commitments are in effect when such inaccuracy is discovered), and such inaccuracy, if corrected, would have led to the application of a higher Applicable Percentage for any period (an “Applicable Period”) than the Applicable Percentage applied for such Applicable Period, then the Borrower shall immediately (i) deliver to the Administrative Agent a correct Compliance Certificate for such Applicable Period, (ii) determine the Applicable Percentage for such Applicable Period based upon the corrected Compliance Certificate, and (iii) immediately pay to the Administrative Agent the accrued additional interest owing as a result of such increased Applicable Percentage for such Applicable Period, which payment shall be promptly applied by the Administrative Agent in accordance with Section 2.13(e). This Section 2.9(f) is in addition to the rights of the Administrative Agent and Lenders with respect to Sections 2.9(b) and 8.2 and other respective rights under this Agreement.

 

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2.10 Fees. The Borrower agrees to pay:

(a) To the Arrangers and Wachovia, for their own respective accounts, the fees required under the Fee Letters to be paid to them and the Lenders in the amounts and at the times as required by the terms thereof;

(b) To the Administrative Agent, for the account of each Lender, a facility fee (a “Facility Fee”), which shall accrue at a per annum rate equal to the Applicable Percentage in effect for such fee from time to time during each calendar quarter (or portion thereof) on such Lender’s Commitment, regardless of usage, during the period from and including the date hereof to but excluding the Commitment Termination Date. Accrued Commitment Fees shall be payable in arrears (i) on the last Business Day of each calendar quarter, beginning with the first such day to occur after the date hereof and (ii) on the Commitment Termination Date. All Commitment Fees shall be computed on the basis of a year of 360 days and shall be payable for the actual number of days elapsed (including the first day but excluding the last day);

(c) To the Administrative Agent, for the account of each Lender, a utilization fee (the “Utilization Fee”) payable for each day the aggregate outstanding principal amount of Loans made by the Lenders is greater than (i) prior to the Commitment Termination Date, 50% of the aggregate Commitments or (ii) after the exercise by the Borrower of the Term-Out Option, 50% of the Commitments in effect immediately prior to the Commitment Termination Date, including in each case under clause (i) and (ii) at any time during which one or more of the conditions in Section 3.2 is not met. The Utilization Fee shall be computed at a per annum rate equal to the Applicable Percentage in effect for such fee from time to time on such Lender’s Ratable Share of the average daily aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Loans made by the Lenders. The Utilization Fee shall be due and payable quarterly in arrears (i) on the last Business Day of each calendar quarter, commencing with the first such date to occur after the Closing Date through the Final Maturity Date and (ii) on the Final Maturity Date;

(d) To the Administrative Agent, for the account of each Lender, in the event the Borrower exercises the Term-Out Option, the Borrower will pay a fee of 0.25% on the outstanding principal amount of the Term Loan made by such Lender on the Commitment Termination Date;

(e) To the Administrative Agent, for the account of each Lender, a letter of credit fee (the “Letter of Credit Fee”) for each calendar quarter (or portion thereof) in respect of all Letters of Credit outstanding during such quarter, at a per annum rate equal to the Applicable Percentage in effect for such fee from time to time during such quarter on such Lender’s Ratable Share of the average daily Aggregate Stated Amount of Letters of Credit outstanding during such quarter. The Letter of Credit Fee shall be due and payable quarterly in arrears (i) on the last Business Day of each calendar quarter, commencing with the first such date to occur after the Closing Date through the Final Maturity Date and (ii) on the Final Maturity Date;

(f) To the Administrative Agent, for its own account, the annual administrative fee described in the Fee Letters, on the terms, in the amount and at the times set forth therein; and

 

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(g) To the Issuing Lender, for its own account, with respect to the Issuance of each Letter of Credit hereunder, a fronting fee described in the Fee Letters, on the terms, in the amount and at the times set forth therein and such reasonable fees and expenses as the Issuing Lender customarily requires in connection with the issuance, amendment, transfer, negotiation, processing and/or administration of letters of credit.

2.11 Interest Periods. Concurrently with the giving of a Notice of Borrowing or Notice of Conversion/Continuation in respect of any Borrowing comprised of Base Rate Loans to be converted into, or LIBOR Loans to be continued as, LIBOR Loans, the Borrower shall have the right to elect, pursuant to such notice, the interest period (each, an “Interest Period”) to be applicable to such LIBOR Loans, which Interest Period shall, at the option of the Borrower, be a one, two, three or six-month period; provided, however, that:

(i) all LIBOR Loans comprising a single Borrowing shall at all times have the same Interest Period;

(ii) the initial Interest Period for any LIBOR Loan shall commence on the date of the Borrowing of such LIBOR Loan or the date of the conversion of a Base Rate Loan into such LIBOR Loan, and each successive Interest Period applicable to such LIBOR Loan shall commence on the day on which the preceding Interest Period applicable thereto expires;

(iii) LIBOR Loans may not be outstanding under more than four separate Interest Periods at any one time (for which purpose Interest Periods shall be deemed to be separate even if they are coterminous);

(iv) if any Interest Period otherwise would expire on a day that is not a Business Day, such Interest Period shall expire on the next succeeding Business Day unless such next succeeding Business Day falls in another calendar month, in which case such Interest Period shall expire on the preceding Business Day;

(v) no Interest Period may be selected with respect to the Loans that would end after a scheduled date for repayment of principal of the Loans occurring on or after the first day of such Interest Period unless, immediately after giving effect to such selection, the aggregate principal amount of Loans that are Base Rate Loans or that have Interest Periods expiring on or before such principal repayment date equals or exceeds the principal amount required to be paid on such principal repayment date;

(vi) the Borrower may not select any Interest Period that expires after the Maturity Date, with respect to Loans that are to be maintained as LIBOR Loans;

(vii) if any Interest Period begins on a day for which there is no numerically corresponding day in the calendar month during which such Interest Period would otherwise expire, such Interest Period shall expire on the last Business Day of such calendar month; and

(viii) the Borrower may not select any Interest Period (and consequently, no LIBOR Loans shall be made) if a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be

 

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continuing at the time of such Notice of Borrowing or Notice of Conversion/Continuation with respect to any Borrowing.

2.12 Conversions and Continuations.

(a) The Borrower shall have the right, on any Business Day occurring on or after the Closing Date, to elect (i) to convert all or a portion of the outstanding principal amount of any Base Rate Loans into LIBOR Loans, or to convert any LIBOR Loans the Interest Periods for which end on the same day into Base Rate Loans, or (ii) upon the expiration of any Interest Period, to continue all or a portion of the outstanding principal amount of any LIBOR Loans the Interest Periods for which end on the same day for an additional Interest Period, provided that (w) any such conversion of LIBOR Loans of the same Borrowing into Base Rate Loans shall involve an aggregate principal amount of not less than $3,000,000 or, if greater, an integral multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof; any such conversion of Base Rate Loans of the same Borrowing into, or continuation of, LIBOR Loans shall involve an aggregate principal amount of not less than $5,000,000 or, if greater, an integral multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof; and no partial conversion of LIBOR Loans of the same Borrowing shall reduce the outstanding principal amount of LIBOR Loans to less than $5,000,000 or to any greater amount not an integral multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof, (y) except as otherwise provided in Section 2.17(f), LIBOR Loans may be converted into Base Rate Loans only on the last day of the Interest Period applicable thereto (and, in any event, if a LIBOR Loan is converted into a Base Rate Loan on any day other than the last day of the Interest Period applicable thereto, the Borrower will pay, upon such conversion, all amounts required under Section 2.19 to be paid as a consequence thereof) and (z) no conversion of Base Rate Loans into LIBOR Loans or continuation of LIBOR Loans shall be permitted during the continuance of a Default or Event of Default.

(b) The Borrower shall make each such election by giving the Administrative Agent written notice not later than 11:00 a.m., Charlotte time, three Business Days prior to the intended effective date of any conversion of Base Rate Loans into, or continuation of, LIBOR Loans and one Business Day prior to the intended effective date of any conversion of LIBOR Loans into Base Rate Loans. Each such notice (each, a “Notice of Conversion/Continuation”) shall be irrevocable, shall be given in the form of Exhibit B-3 and shall specify (x) the date of such conversion or continuation (which shall be a Business Day), (y) in the case of a conversion into, or a continuation of, LIBOR Loans, the Interest Period to be applicable thereto, and (z) the aggregate amount and Type of the Loans being converted or continued. Upon the receipt of a Notice of Conversion/Continuation, the Administrative Agent will promptly notify each Lender of the proposed conversion or continuation. In the event that the Borrower shall fail to deliver a Notice of Conversion/Continuation as provided herein with respect to any outstanding LIBOR Loans, such LIBOR Loans shall automatically be converted to Base Rate Loans upon the expiration of the then-current Interest Period applicable thereto (unless repaid pursuant to the terms hereof). In the event the Borrower shall have failed to select in a Notice of Conversion/Continuation the duration of the Interest Period to be applicable to any conversion into, or continuation of, LIBOR Loans, then the Borrower shall be deemed to have selected an Interest Period with a duration of one month.

 

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2.13 Method of Payments; Computations; Apportionment of Payments.

(a) All payments by the Borrower hereunder shall be made without setoff, counterclaim or other defense, in Dollars and in immediately available funds to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the Lenders entitled to such payment or the Swingline Lender, as the case may be (except as otherwise expressly provided herein as to payments required to be made directly to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender or the Lenders), at the Payment Office prior to 12:00 noon, Charlotte time, on the date payment is due. Any payment made as required hereinabove, but after 12:00 noon, Charlotte time, shall be deemed to have been made on the next succeeding Business Day. If any payment falls due on a day that is not a Business Day, then such due date shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day (except that in the case of LIBOR Loans to which the provisions of Section 2.11(iv) are applicable, such due date shall be the preceding Business Day), and such extension of time shall then be included in the computation of payment of interest, fees or other applicable amounts.

(b) The Administrative Agent will distribute to the Lenders like amounts relating to payments made to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Lenders as follows: (i) if the payment is received by 12:00 noon, Charlotte time, in immediately available funds, the Administrative Agent will make available to each relevant Lender on the same date, by wire transfer of immediately available funds, such Lender’s Ratable Share of such payment, and (ii) if such payment is received after 12:00 noon, Charlotte time, or in other than immediately available funds, the Administrative Agent will make available to each such Lender its Ratable Share of such payment by wire transfer of immediately available funds on the next succeeding Business Day (or in the case of uncollected funds, as soon as practicable after collected). If the Administrative Agent shall not have made a required distribution to the appropriate Lenders as required hereinabove after receiving a payment for the account of such Lenders, the Administrative Agent will pay to each such Lender, on demand, its Ratable Share of such payment with interest thereon at the Federal Funds Rate for each day from the date such amount was required to be disbursed by the Administrative Agent until the date repaid to such Lender. The Administrative Agent will distribute to the Issuing Lender and Swingline Lender like amounts relating to payments made to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Issuing Lender and Swingline Lender in the same manner, and subject to the same terms and conditions, as set forth hereinabove with respect to distributions of amounts to the Lenders.

(c) Unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from the Borrower prior to the date on which any payment is due to the Administrative Agent for the account of the relevant Lenders or the Issuing Lender hereunder that the Borrower will not make such payment, the Administrative Agent may assume that the Borrower has made such payment on such date in accordance herewith and may, in reliance upon such assumption, distribute to the relevant Lenders, the Issuing Lender or the Swingline Lender, as the case may be, the amount due. In such event, if the Borrower has not in fact made such payment, then each of the relevant Lenders, the Issuing Lender or the Swingline Lender, as the case may be, severally agrees to repay to the Administrative Agent forthwith on demand the amount so distributed to such Lender or the Issuing Lender, with interest thereon, for each day from and including the date such amount is distributed to it to but excluding the date of payment to the Administrative Agent, at the greater of the Federal Funds Rate and a rate determined by the Administrative Agent in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation.

 

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(d) All computations of interest and fees hereunder (including computations of the Reserve Requirement) shall be made on the basis of a year consisting of (i) in the case of interest on Base Rate Loans, 365/366 days, as the case may be, or (ii) in all other instances, 360 days; and in each case under (i) and (ii) above, with regard to the actual number of days (including the first day, but excluding the last day) elapsed.

(e) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement or any other Credit Document to the contrary, all amounts collected or received by the Administrative Agent or any Lender after acceleration of the Loans pursuant to Section 8.2 shall be applied by the Administrative Agent as follows:

(i) first, to the payment of all reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ and consultants’ fees irrespective of whether such fees are allowed as a claim after the occurrence of a Bankruptcy Event) of the Administrative Agent in connection with enforcing the rights of the Lenders under the Credit Documents;

(ii) second, to the payment of any fees owed to the Administrative Agent and the Issuing Lender hereunder or under any other Credit Document;

(iii) third, to the payment of all reasonable and documented out-of-pocket costs and expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ and consultants’ fees irrespective of whether such fees are allowed as a claim after the occurrence of a Bankruptcy Event) of each of the Lenders, the Swingline Lender and the Issuing Lender in connection with enforcing its rights under the Credit Documents or otherwise with respect to the Obligations owing to such Lender;

(iv) fourth, to the payment of all of the Obligations consisting of accrued fees and interest (including, without limitation, fees incurred and interest accruing at the then applicable rate after the occurrence of a Bankruptcy Event irrespective of whether a claim for such fees incurred and interest accruing is allowed in such proceeding);

(v) fifth, to the payment of the outstanding principal amount of the Obligations (including the payment of any outstanding Reimbursement Obligations and the obligation to cash collateralize Letter of Credit Exposure);

(vi) sixth, to the payment of all other Obligations and other obligations that shall have become due and payable under the Credit Documents or otherwise and not repaid; and

(vii) seventh, to the payment of the surplus (if any) to whomever may be lawfully entitled to receive such surplus.

In carrying out the foregoing, (x) amounts received shall be applied in the numerical order provided until exhausted prior to application to the next succeeding category, (y) all amounts shall be apportioned ratably among the Lenders, the Swingline Lender and the Issuing Lender in proportion to the amounts of such principal, interest, fees or other Obligations owed to them respectively pursuant to clauses (iii) through (vii) above, and (z) to the extent that any amounts

 

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available for distribution pursuant to clause (v) above are attributable to the issued but undrawn amount of outstanding Letters of Credit, such amounts shall be held by the Administrative Agent to cash collateralize Letter of Credit Exposure pursuant to Section 2.5(i).

2.14 Recovery of Payments.

(a) The Borrower agrees that to the extent the Borrower makes a payment or payments to or for the account of the Administrative Agent, the Swingline Lender, any Lender or the Issuing Lender, which payment or payments or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside or required to be repaid to a trustee, receiver or any other party under any Debtor Relief Law (whether as a result of any demand, settlement, litigation or otherwise), then, to the extent of such payment or repayment, the Obligation intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been received.

(b) If any amounts distributed by the Administrative Agent to any Lender or the Issuing Lender are subsequently returned or repaid by the Administrative Agent to the Borrower, its representative or successor in interest, or any other Person, whether by court order, by settlement approved by such Lender or the Issuing Lender, or pursuant to applicable Requirements of Law, such Lender or the Issuing Lender will, promptly upon receipt of notice thereof from the Administrative Agent, pay the Administrative Agent such amount. If any such amounts are recovered by the Administrative Agent from the Borrower, its representative or successor in interest or such other Person, the Administrative Agent will redistribute such amounts to the Lenders or the Issuing Lender on the same basis as such amounts were originally distributed.

2.15 Use of Proceeds. The proceeds of the Loans shall be used to provide for the working capital and general corporate requirements of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries (other than for the redemption, retirement or repurchase of any Equity Interest of any Unum Party) not in contravention of any Requirement of Law or any provision of this Agreement or any other Credit Document.

2.16 Pro Rata Treatment.

(a) Except in the case of Swingline Loans, all fundings, continuations and conversions of Loans shall be made by the Lenders pro rata on the basis of their Ratable Share (in the case of the initial making of the Loans) or on the basis of their respective outstanding Loans (in the case of continuations and conversions of the Loans), as the case may be from time to time. All payments on account of principal of or interest on any Loans, fees or any other Obligations owing to or for the account of any one or more Lenders shall be apportioned ratably among such Lenders in proportion to the amounts of such principal, interest, fees or other Obligations owed to them respectively.

(b) If any Lender shall, by exercising any right of setoff or counterclaim or otherwise, obtain payment in respect of any principal of or interest on any of its Loans or other Obligations hereunder resulting in such Lender’s receiving payment of a proportion of the aggregate amount of its Loans and accrued interest thereon or other such Obligations greater than its pro rata share

 

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thereof as provided herein, then the Lender receiving such greater proportion shall (a) notify the Administrative Agent of such fact, and (b) purchase (for cash at face value) participations in the Loans and such other Obligations of the other Lenders, or make such other adjustments as shall be equitable, so that the benefit of all such payments shall be shared by the Lenders ratably in accordance with the aggregate amount of principal of and accrued interest on their respective Loans and other Obligations owing them, provided that (i) if any such participations are purchased and all or any portion of the payment giving rise thereto is recovered, such participations shall be rescinded and the purchase price restored to the extent of such recovery, without interest, and (ii) the provisions of this Section shall not be construed to apply to (x) any payment made by the Borrower pursuant to and in accordance with the express terms of this Agreement or (y) any payment obtained by a Lender as consideration for the assignment of or sale of a participation in any of its Loans, Reimbursement Obligations or Swingline Loans to any assignee or participant, other than to the Borrower or any Subsidiary thereof (as to which the provisions of this Section 2.16(b) shall apply). The Borrower consents to the foregoing and agrees, to the extent it may effectively do so under applicable law, that any Lender acquiring a participation pursuant to the foregoing arrangements may exercise against the Borrower rights of setoff and counterclaim with respect to such participation as fully as if such Lender were a direct creditor of the Borrower in the amount of such participation. If under any applicable Debtor Relief Law, any Lender receives a secured claim in lieu of a setoff to which this Section 2.16(b) applies, such Lender shall, to the extent practicable, exercise its rights in respect of such secured claim in a manner consistent with the rights of the Lenders entitled under this Section 2.16(b) to share in the benefits of any recovery on such secured claim.

2.17 Increased Costs; Change in Circumstances; Illegality.

(a) If any Change in Law shall:

(i) impose, modify or deem applicable any reserve, special deposit, compulsory loan, insurance charge or similar requirement against assets of, deposits with or for the account of, or credit extended or participated in by, any Lender (except the Reserve Requirement reflected in the LIBOR Rate);

(ii) subject any Lender to any Taxes of any kind whatsoever with respect to this Agreement, any Letter of Credit, any participation in a Letter of Credit or Swingline Loan or any Loan made by it, or change the basis of taxation of payments to such Lender in respect thereof (except for Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes and the imposition of, or any change in the rate or calculation of, any Excluded Tax payable by such Lender or the Issuing Lender); or

(iii) impose on any Lender or the London interbank market any other condition, cost or expense affecting this Agreement or Loans made by such Lender or any Letter of Credit or participation therein;

and the result of any of the foregoing shall be to increase the cost to such Lender of making or maintaining any Loan (or of maintaining its obligation to make any such Loan), or to increase the cost to such Lender (accompanied by the certificate referred to in Section 2.17(c)) of participating in, issuing or maintaining any Letter of Credit or any Swingline Loan (or of

 

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maintaining its obligation to participate in or to issue any Letter of Credit or any Swingline Loan), or to reduce the amount of any sum received or receivable by such Lender hereunder (whether of principal, interest or any other amount), then, upon request of such Lender, the Borrower will pay to such Lender such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender for such additional costs incurred or reduction suffered.

(b) If any Lender determines that any Change in Law affecting such Lender or any Lending Office of such Lender or such Lender’s holding company, if any, regarding capital requirements has or would have the effect of reducing the rate of return on such Lender’s capital or on the capital of such Lender’s holding company, if any, as a consequence of this Agreement, the Commitments of such Lender or the Loans made by, or participations in Letters of Credit or Swingline Loans held by, such Lender, or the Letters of Credit issued by the Issuing Lender, to a level below that which such Lender or such Lender’s holding company could have achieved but for such Change in Law (taking into consideration such Lender’s policies and the policies of such Lender’s holding company with respect to capital adequacy), then from time to time the Borrower will pay to such Lender such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender or such Lender’s holding company for any such reduction suffered.

(c) A certificate of a Lender setting forth the calculation in reasonable detail of the amount or amounts necessary to compensate such Lender or its holding company, as the case may be, as specified in Section 2.17(a) or Section 2.17(b) and delivered to the Borrower shall be conclusive absent manifest error. The Borrower shall pay such Lender the amount shown as due on any such certificate within 10 Business Days after receipt thereof.

(d) Failure or delay on the part of any Lender to demand compensation pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section shall not constitute a waiver of such Lender’s right to demand such compensation, provided that the Borrower shall not be required to compensate a Lender pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section for any increased costs incurred or reductions suffered more than six months prior to the date that such Lender notifies the Borrower of the Change in Law giving rise to such increased costs or reductions and of such Lender’s intention to claim compensation therefor (except that, if the Change in Law giving rise to such increased costs or reductions is retroactive, then the six-month period referred to above shall be extended to include the period of retroactive effect thereof).

(e) If, on or prior to the first day of any Interest Period, (y) the Administrative Agent shall have determined that adequate and reasonable means do not exist for ascertaining the applicable LIBOR Rate for such Interest Period or (z) the Administrative Agent shall have received written notice from the Required Lenders of their determination that the rate of interest referred to in the definition of “LIBOR Rate” upon the basis of which the Adjusted LIBOR Rate for LIBOR Loans for such Interest Period is to be determined will not adequately and fairly reflect the cost to such Lenders of making or maintaining LIBOR Loans during such Interest Period, the Administrative Agent will forthwith so notify the Borrower and the Lenders. Upon such notice, (i) all then-outstanding LIBOR Loans shall automatically, on the expiration date of the respective Interest Periods applicable thereto (unless then repaid in full), be converted into Base Rate Loans, (ii) the obligation of the Lenders to make, to convert Base Rate Loans into, or to continue, LIBOR Loans shall be suspended (including pursuant to the Borrowing to which such Interest Period applies) and (iii) any Notice of Borrowing or Notice of

 

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Conversion/Continuation given at any time thereafter with respect to LIBOR Loans shall be deemed to be a request for Base Rate Loans, in each case until the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders, as the case may be, shall have determined that the circumstances giving rise to such suspension no longer exist (and the Required Lenders, if making such determination, shall have so notified the Administrative Agent), and the Administrative Agent shall have so notified the Borrower and the Lenders.

(f) Notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement, if, at any time after the date hereof and from time to time, any Lender determines in good faith that any Change in Law has or would have the effect of making it unlawful for such Lender or its applicable Lending Office to make or to continue to make or maintain LIBOR Loans, such Lender will forthwith so notify the Administrative Agent and the Borrower. Upon such notice, (i) each of such Lender’s then outstanding LIBOR Loans shall automatically, on the expiration date of the respective Interest Period applicable thereto (or, to the extent any such LIBOR Loan may not lawfully be maintained as a LIBOR Loan until such expiration date, upon such notice) and to the extent not sooner prepaid, be converted into a Base Rate Loan, (ii) the obligation of such Lender to make, to convert Base Rate Loans into, or to continue, LIBOR Loans shall be suspended (including pursuant to any Borrowing for which the Administrative Agent has received a Notice of Borrowing but for which the Borrowing Date has not arrived), and (iii) any Notice of Borrowing or Notice of Conversion/Continuation given at any time thereafter with respect to LIBOR Loans shall, as to such Lender, be deemed to be a request for a Base Rate Loan, in each case until such Lender shall have determined that the circumstances giving rise to such suspension no longer exist and shall have so notified the Administrative Agent, and the Administrative Agent shall have so notified the Borrower.

2.18 Taxes.

(a) Any and all payments by or on account of any obligation of the Borrower hereunder or under any other Credit Document shall be made free and clear of and without reduction or withholding for any Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes, provided that if the Borrower shall be required by applicable law to deduct or withhold any Indemnified Taxes (including any Other Taxes) from such payments, then (i) the sum payable shall be increased as necessary so that after making all required deductions or withholdings (including deductions and withholdings applicable to additional sums payable under this Section) the Administrative Agent or Lender, as the case may be, receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such withholdings or deductions been made, (ii) the Borrower shall make such withholdings or deductions and (iii) the Borrower shall timely pay the full amount deducted or withheld to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable law.

(b) Without limiting the provisions of Section 2.18(a), the Borrower shall timely pay any Other Taxes to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable law.

(c) The Borrower shall indemnify the Administrative Agent, and each Lender, within 10 days after demand therefor, for the full amount of any Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes (including Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes imposed or asserted on or attributable to amounts payable under this Section) paid by the Administrative Agent, or such Lender, as the case may be, and any reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such

 

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Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to the Borrower by a Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), or by the Administrative Agent on its own behalf or on behalf of a Lender shall be conclusive absent manifest error.

(d) As soon as practicable after any payment of Indemnified Taxes or Other Taxes by the Borrower to a Governmental Authority, the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent the original or a certified copy of a receipt issued by such Governmental Authority evidencing such payment, a copy of the return reporting such payment or other evidence of such payment reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.

(e) Any Lender that is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of withholding tax under the law of the jurisdiction in which the Borrower is resident for tax purposes, or any treaty to which such jurisdiction is a party, with respect to payments hereunder or under any other Credit Document shall deliver to the Borrower (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), at the time or times prescribed by applicable law or reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, such properly completed and executed documentation prescribed by applicable law as will permit such payments to be made without withholding or at a reduced rate of withholding. In addition, any Lender, if requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, shall deliver such other documentation prescribed by applicable law or reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent as will enable the Borrower or the Administrative Agent to determine whether or not such Lender is subject to backup withholding or information reporting requirements.

Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, in the event that the Borrower is a resident for tax purposes in the United States, any Foreign Lender shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter as required by applicable law or upon the request of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, but only if such Foreign Lender is legally entitled to do so), whichever of the following is applicable:

(i) duly completed copies of Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN (or any successor form) claiming eligibility for benefits of an income tax treaty to which the United States is a party,

(ii) duly completed copies of Internal Revenue Service Form W-8ECI (or any successor form),

(iii) in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of the exemption for portfolio interest under Section 881(c) of the Code, (x) a certificate to the effect that such Foreign Lender is not (A) a “bank” within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, (B) a “10 percent shareholder” of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(B) of the Code, or (C) a “controlled foreign corporation” described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code and (y) duly completed copies of Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN (or any successor form), or

 

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(iv) any other form prescribed by applicable law as a basis for claiming exemption from or a reduction in United States Federal withholding tax duly completed together with such supplementary documentation as may be prescribed by applicable law to permit the Borrower to determine the withholding or deduction required to be made.

(f) If the Administrative Agent or any Lender or determines, in its sole discretion, that it has received a refund of or otherwise recovers any Taxes or Other Taxes as to which it has been indemnified by the Borrower or with respect to which the Borrower has paid additional amounts, in either case pursuant to this Section, it shall pay to the Borrower an amount equal to such refund or amount recovered (but only to the extent of indemnity payments made, or additional amounts paid, by the Borrower under this Section with respect to the Taxes or Other Taxes giving rise to such refund or recovery), net of all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses of the Administrative Agent or such Lender and without interest (other than any interest paid by the relevant Governmental Authority with respect to such refund or recovery), provided that the Borrower, upon the request of the Administrative Agent or such Lender agrees to repay the amount paid over to the Borrower (plus any penalties, interest or other charges imposed by the relevant Governmental Authority) to the Administrative Agent or such Lender in the event the Administrative Agent or such Lender is required to repay such refund or amount recovered to such Governmental Authority. This Section 2.18(f) shall not be construed to require the Administrative Agent or any Lender to make available its tax returns (or any other information relating to its taxes that it deems confidential) to the Borrower or any other Person.

2.19 Compensation. The Borrower will compensate each Lender upon demand for all losses (other than loss of Applicable Percentage), expenses and liabilities (including, without limitation, any loss, expense or liability incurred by reason of the liquidation or reemployment of deposits or other funds required by such Lender to fund or maintain LIBOR Loans) that such Lender may incur or sustain (i) if for any reason (other than a default by such Lender) the initial borrowing of a LIBOR Loan or continuation of, or conversion into a LIBOR Loan does not occur on a date specified therefor in a Notice of Borrowing or a Notice of Conversion/Continuation, (ii) if any repayment, prepayment or conversion of any LIBOR Loan occurs on a date other than the last day of an Interest Period applicable thereto (including as a consequence of any assignment made pursuant to Section 2.20(a) or any acceleration of the maturity of the Loans pursuant to Section 8.2), (iii) if any prepayment of any LIBOR Loan is not made on any date specified in a notice of prepayment given by the Borrower or (iv) as a consequence of any other failure by the Borrower to make any payments with respect to any LIBOR Loan when due hereunder. Calculation of all amounts payable to a Lender under this Section 2.19 shall be made as though such Lender had actually funded its relevant LIBOR Loan through the purchase of a Eurodollar deposit bearing interest at the LIBOR Rate in an amount equal to the amount of such LIBOR Loan, having a maturity comparable to the relevant Interest Period; provided, however, that each Lender may fund its LIBOR Loans in any manner it sees fit and the foregoing assumption shall be utilized only for the calculation of amounts payable under this Section 2.19. The Borrower shall also pay any customary administrative fees charged by such Lender in connection with the foregoing. A certificate (which shall be in reasonable detail) showing the bases for the determinations set forth in this Section 2.19 by any Lender as to any additional amounts payable pursuant to this Section 2.19 shall be submitted by such Lender to the Borrower either directly or through the Administrative Agent. Determinations set forth in

 

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any such certificate made in good faith for purposes of this Section 2.19 of any such losses, expenses or liabilities shall be conclusive absent manifest error.

2.20 Replacement of Lenders; Mitigation of Costs.

(a) The Borrower may, at any time at its sole expense and effort, require any Lender (i) that has requested compensation from the Borrower under Sections 2.17(a) or 2.17(b) or payments from the Borrower (or with respect to which payments are required to be made) under Section 2.18, (ii) the obligation of which to make or maintain LIBOR Loans has been suspended under Section 2.17(f) or (iii) that is a Defaulting Lender, in any case upon notice to such Lender and the Administrative Agent, to assign and delegate, without recourse (in accordance with and subject to the restrictions contained in, and consents required by, Section 10.6), all of its interests, rights and obligations under this Agreement and the related Credit Documents to an Eligible Assignee that shall assume such obligations (which Eligible Assignee may be another Lender, if a Lender accepts such assignment); provided that:

(i) the Administrative Agent shall have received the assignment fee specified in Section 10.6(b)(iii);

(ii) such Lender shall have received payment of an amount equal to the outstanding principal of its Loans, any L/C Advances, accrued interest thereon, accrued fees and all other amounts payable to it hereunder and under the other Credit Documents (including any amounts under Section 2.19) from the assignee (to the extent of such outstanding principal and accrued interest and fees) or the Borrower (in the case of all other amounts);

(iii) in the case of any such assignment resulting from a request for compensation under Sections 2.17(a) or 2.17(b) or payments required to be made pursuant to Section 2.18, such assignment will result in a reduction in such compensation or payments thereafter; and

(iv) such assignment does not conflict with applicable Requirements of Law.

A Lender shall not be required to make any such assignment or delegation if, prior thereto, as a result of a waiver by such Lender or otherwise, the circumstances entitling the Borrower to require such assignment and delegation cease to apply.

(b) If any Lender requests compensation under Sections 2.17(a) or 2.17(b), or the Borrower is required to pay any additional amount to any Lender or any Governmental Authority for the account of any Lender pursuant to Section 2.18, or if any Lender gives a notice pursuant to Section 2.17(f), then such Lender shall use reasonable efforts to designate a different Lending Office for funding or booking its Loans or L/C Advances hereunder or to assign its rights and obligations hereunder to another of its offices, branches or affiliates, if, in the judgment of such Lender, such designation or assignment (i) would eliminate or reduce amounts payable pursuant to Sections 2.17(a), 2.17(b) or 2.18, as the case may be, in the future, or eliminate the need for the notice pursuant to Section 2.17(f), as applicable, and (ii) in each case, would not subject such Lender to any unreimbursed cost or expense and would not otherwise be disadvantageous to such

 

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Lender as it so deems in good faith. The Borrower hereby agrees to pay all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by any Lender in connection with any such designation or assignment.

ARTICLE III

CONDITIONS PRECEDENT

3.1 Conditions Precedent to the Closing Date. The obligation of each Lender to make Credit Extensions hereunder shall become effective on the date (such date, the “Closing Date”) on which each of the following conditions precedent is satisfied:

(a) The Administrative Agent shall have received the following, each of which shall be originals or telecopies or in an electronic format acceptable to the Administrative Agent (followed promptly by originals) unless otherwise specified, each properly executed by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower, each dated the Closing Date (or, in the case of certificates of governmental officials, a recent date prior to the Closing Date) and each in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and each of the Lenders:

(i) executed counterparts of this Agreement, sufficient in number for distribution to the Administrative Agent, each Lender and the Borrower;

(ii) Notes executed by the Borrower in favor of each Lender requesting a Note;

(iii) the favorable opinions of (A) Miller & Martin PLLC, special Tennessee counsel to the Borrower, which opinion shall cover the matters contained in Exhibit F-1, and (B) Susan N. Roth, Vice President, Corporate Secretary and Assistant General Counsel to the Borrower, which opinion shall cover the matters contained in Exhibit F-2;

(iv) a certificate, signed by an Authorized Officer of the Borrower, certifying that (A) all representations and warranties of the Borrower contained in this Agreement and the other Credit Documents are true and correct as of the Closing Date, both immediately before and after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereby (except to the extent any such representation or warranty is expressly stated to have been made as of a specific date, in which case such representation or warranty shall be true and correct as of such date), (B) no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, both immediately before and after giving effect to the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, (C) no change, occurrence or development shall have occurred or become known to the Borrower since December 31, 2006 that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and (D) all conditions precedent to the Closing Date set forth in this Section 3.1 have been satisfied or waived as required hereunder;

(v) a certificate of the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Borrower certifying (A) that attached thereto is a true and complete copy of the articles or certificate of incorporation and all amendments thereto of the Borrower, certified as of a recent date by the Secretary of State of its jurisdiction of organization, and that the same

 

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has not been amended since the date of such certification, (B) that attached thereto is a true and complete copy of the bylaws of the Borrower, as then in effect and as in effect at all times from the date on which the resolutions referred to in clause (C) below were adopted to and including the date of such certificate, and (C) that attached thereto is a true and complete copy of resolutions adopted by the board of directors (or similar governing body) of the Borrower, authorizing the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the other Credit Documents, and as to the incumbency and genuineness of the signature of each officer of the Borrower executing this Agreement or any of such other Credit Documents, and attaching all such copies of the documents described above;

(vi) the Financial Condition Certificate signed by an Authorized Officer of the Borrower containing the copies of the financial statements referred to in Section 4.12 and confirming that, as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby:

(A) each of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries is solvent; and

(B) the Financial Strength Rating for each Main Domestic Insurance Subsidiary is A- or better; and

(vii) a certificate as of a recent date of the good standing of the Borrower under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization, from the Secretary of State of such jurisdiction.

(b) All material governmental authorizations and third-party consents and approvals necessary in connection with the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated hereby shall have been obtained and shall remain in effect and shall not impose any restriction or condition materially adverse to the Administrative Agent or the Lenders; all applicable waiting periods shall have expired without any action being taken or threatened by any Governmental Authority; and no law or regulation shall be applicable, or event shall have occurred, that seeks to enjoin, restrain, restrict, set aside or prohibit, or impose materially adverse conditions upon, the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated hereby.

(c) There shall be no action, suit, proceeding or investigation (whether previously existing, newly instituted or threatened) before, and no order, injunction or decree shall have been entered by, any court, arbitrator or other Governmental Authority, in each case seeking to enjoin, restrain, restrict, set aside or prohibit, to impose material conditions upon, or to obtain substantial damages in respect of, the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated hereby or that has, or could reasonably be expected to have, a Material Adverse Effect.

(d) The Administrative Agent shall have received copies of the financial statements referred to in Section 4.12.

(e) Since December 31, 2006, both immediately before and after giving effect to the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, there shall not have occurred (i) a Material Adverse Effect or (ii) any event, condition or state of facts that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

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(f) The Administrative Agent shall be satisfied that, as of the last day of the fiscal quarter most recently ended prior to the Closing Date in which financial statements are available, the Borrower is in compliance with the financial covenants set forth in Article VI and shall have received a certificate of an Authorized Officer of the Borrower as to the foregoing, together with a completed Covenant Compliance Worksheet and other supporting documentation.

(g) The Borrower shall have paid (i) to the Arrangers and the Administrative Agent, the fees required under the Fee Letters to be paid to it on the Closing Date, in the amounts due and payable on the Closing Date as required by the terms thereof, (ii) to the Administrative Agent, the initial payment of the annual administrative fee described in the Fee Letters, and (iii) all other fees and reasonable expenses of the Arrangers, the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender and the Lenders required hereunder or under any other Credit Document to be paid on or prior to the Closing Date (including reasonable fees and expenses of counsel) in connection with this Agreement, the other Credit Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby.

(h) The Administrative Agent shall have received an Account Designation Letter, together with written instructions from an Authorized Officer of the Borrower, including wire transfer information, directing the payment of the proceeds of the Loans to be made hereunder.

(i) Each of the Administrative Agent and each Lender shall have received such other documents, certificates, opinions and instruments in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby consistent with those customarily found in similar financings.

Without limiting the generality of the provisions of Section 9.4, for purposes of determining compliance with the conditions specified in this Section 3.1, each Lender that has signed this Agreement shall be deemed to have consented to, approved or accepted or to be satisfied with, each document or other matter required hereunder to be consented to or approved by or acceptable or satisfactory to a Lender unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from such Lender prior to the proposed Closing Date specifying its objection thereto.

3.2 Conditions to All Credit Extensions. The obligation of each Lender to make any Credit Extensions hereunder (but excluding Revolving Loans made for the purpose of repaying Refunded Swingline Loans pursuant to Section 2.2(d)), and the obligation of the Issuing Lender to issue any Letters of Credit hereunder, is subject to the satisfaction of the following conditions precedent on the relevant Borrowing Date or date of Issuance:

(a) The Borrower shall have delivered a Notice of Borrowing in accordance with Section 2.2(a), or (together with the Swingline Lender) a Notice of Swingline Borrowing in accordance with Section 2.2(c) or (together with the Issuing Lender), a Letter of Credit Application, as applicable;

(b) Each of the representations and warranties set forth in this Agreement and in the other Credit Documents shall be true and correct in all material respects on and as of the date of any Credit Extension, with the same effect as if made on and as of such date, both immediately before and after giving effect to such Credit Extension (except to the extent any such

 

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representation or warranty is expressly stated to have been made as of a specific date, in which case such representation or warranty shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such date);

(c) No Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing on such date, both immediately before and after giving effect to such Credit Extension;

(d) With respect to the making of any Credit Extension, the limitation on amounts set forth under Section 2.1(a) shall not have been exceeded; and

(e) With respect to the Issuance of any Letter of Credit, the applicable conditions in Section 2.5(e) shall have been satisfied.

Each giving of a Notice of Borrowing, a Notice of Swingline Borrowing or a Letter of Credit Application, and the consummation of each Credit Extension, shall be deemed to constitute a representation and warranty by the Borrower that the statements contained in Sections 3.2(b) through 3.2(e) above are true, both as of the date of such notice or request and as of the date such Credit Extension is made.

ARTICLE IV

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

To induce the Administrative Agent and the Lenders to enter into this Agreement and to induce the Lenders to extend the credit contemplated hereby, the Borrower represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders as follows:

4.1 Corporate Organization and Power. The Borrower and each Subsidiary thereof (i) is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, (ii) has the full corporate power and authority to own and hold its property and to engage in its business as presently conducted, and (iii) is duly qualified to do business as a foreign corporation and is in good standing in each jurisdiction where the nature of its business or the ownership of its properties requires it to be so qualified, except where the failure to be so qualified could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

4.2 Authorization; Enforceability.

(a) The Borrower has the full corporate power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under the Credit Documents and has taken all necessary corporate action to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under each of the Credit Documents, and has validly executed and delivered each of the Credit Documents.

(b) This Agreement constitutes, and each of the other Credit Documents upon execution and delivery by the Borrower will constitute, the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Borrower, enforceable against it in accordance with their respective terms, except as enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent conveyance,

 

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fraudulent transfer, moratorium or other similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally or by general equitable principles regardless of whether enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law, including, without limitation, (i) the possible unavailability of specific performance, injunctive relief or any other equitable remedy; and (ii) concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith, and fair dealing.

4.3 No Violation. The execution, delivery and performance by the Borrower of this Agreement and each of the other Credit Documents, and compliance by it with the terms hereof and thereof, do not and will not (i) violate any provision of its certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational documents, (ii) contravene any other Requirement of Law applicable to it or (iii) conflict with, result in a breach of, or the creation of any Lien under, or require any payment to be made under, or constitute (with notice, lapse of time or both) a default under any material indenture, agreement or other instrument to which it is a party, by which it or any of its properties is bound or to which it is subject, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), such contraventions, conflicts, breaches, Liens, payments and defaults that could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

4.4 Governmental and Third-Party Authorization; Permits.

(a) No consent, approval, authorization or other action by, notice to, or registration or filing with, any Governmental Authority or other Person is or will be required as a condition to or otherwise in connection with the due execution, delivery and performance by the Borrower of this Agreement or any of the other Credit Documents or the legality, validity or enforceability hereof or thereof, other than such consents, approvals, authorizations and other actions that could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(b) Each of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries thereof has, and is in good standing with respect to, all governmental approvals, licenses, permits and authorizations necessary to conduct its business as presently conducted and to own or lease and operate its properties, except for those the failure to obtain which could not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.

4.5 Insurance Licenses. Schedule 4.5 lists with respect to each Insurance Subsidiary, as of the Closing Date, all of the jurisdictions in which such Insurance Subsidiary holds licenses (including, without limitation, licenses or certificates of authority from relevant Insurance Regulatory Authorities), permits or authorizations to transact insurance and reinsurance business (collectively, the “Licenses”), and indicates the type or types of insurance in which each such Insurance Subsidiary is permitted to be engaged with respect to each License therein listed. (i) No such License is the subject of a proceeding for suspension, revocation or limitation or any similar proceedings, and (ii) no such suspension, revocation or limitation is threatened by any relevant Insurance Regulatory Authority, that, in each instance under (i) and (ii) above, could individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. As of the Closing Date, no Insurance Subsidiary transacts any insurance or reinsurance business, directly or indirectly, in any jurisdiction other than those listed on Schedule 4.5, where such business requires any license, permit or other authorization of an Insurance Regulatory Authority of such jurisdiction except to the extent that the failure to have any such license, permit or other authorization could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

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4.6 Litigation. There are no actions, investigations, suits or proceedings pending or, to the knowledge of a Responsible Officer of the Borrower, threatened, at law or in equity before any court, arbitrator or other Governmental Authority, against or affecting, and no Wells Notice has been received by, the Borrower, any of their respective officers or directors or any of their respective properties (i) that could reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to result in a Material Adverse Effect, or (ii) with respect to this Agreement, any of the other Credit Documents or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

4.7 Taxes. The Borrower and each Subsidiary thereof has timely filed all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns and reports required to be filed by it and has paid all Taxes, assessments, fees and other charges levied upon it or upon its properties that are shown thereon as due and payable, other than (i) those Taxes, assessments, fees and other charges that are being contested in good faith and by proper proceedings and for which adequate reserves have been established in accordance with GAAP (if so required), or (ii) where the failure to file such returns and reports or the failure to pay such Taxes, assessments, fees and other charges could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Such returns are true, correct and complete in all material respects. There is no ongoing audit or examination or other investigation by any Governmental Authority of the tax liability of the Borrower or any Subsidiary thereof the outcome of which could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. There is no unresolved claim by any Governmental Authority concerning the tax liability of the Borrower or any Subsidiary thereof for any period for which tax returns have been or were required to have been filed, other than claims for which adequate reserves have been established in accordance with GAAP (if so required) or that could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

4.8 Subsidiaries.

(a) Set forth on Schedule 4.8 is a complete and accurate list of all of the Subsidiaries of the Borrower as of the Closing Date, together with, for each such Subsidiary, (i) the jurisdiction of organization of such Subsidiary, (ii) each Person holding Equity Interests in such Subsidiary and (iii) the percentage of ownership of such Subsidiary represented by such Equity Interests. Each of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries owns, free and clear of Liens, and has the unencumbered right to vote, all outstanding Equity Interests in each Person shown to be held by it on Schedule 4.8.

(b) No Subsidiary is a party to any agreement or instrument or otherwise subject to any restriction or encumbrance that restricts or limits its ability to make dividend payments or other distributions in respect of its Equity Interests, to repay Indebtedness owed to the Borrower, to make loans or advances to the Borrower, or to transfer any of its assets or properties to the Borrower, in each case other than such restrictions or encumbrances existing under or by reason of the Credit Documents or applicable Requirements of Law.

4.9 Full Disclosure. All information heretofore, contemporaneously or hereafter furnished in writing to the Administrative Agent, the Arrangers or any Lender by or on behalf of the Borrower for purposes of or in connection with this Agreement, the other Credit Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby, is and will be complete and correct in all material respects as of the date so furnished and does not and will not contain any untrue statement of a

 

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material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements contained therein not materially misleading in light of the circumstances under which the same were made; provided that, with respect to projected financial information, the Borrower represents only that such information was prepared in good faith based upon reasonable assumptions at the time made. As of the Closing Date, there is no fact known to the Borrower that has, or could reasonably be expected to have, a Material Adverse Effect, which fact has not been set forth herein, in the financial statements of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries furnished to the Administrative Agent and/or the Lenders, or in any certificate, opinion or other written statement made or furnished by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent and/or the Lenders.

4.10 Margin Regulations. Neither the Borrower nor of any of its Subsidiaries is engaged principally, or as one of its important activities, in the business of extending credit for the purpose of purchasing or carrying Margin Stock. No proceeds of any Credit Extension will be used, directly or indirectly, to purchase or carry any Margin Stock, to extend credit for such purpose or for any other purpose, in each case that would violate or be inconsistent with Regulations T, U or X or any provision of the Exchange Act.

4.11 No Material Adverse Effect. Since December 31, 2006, there has not occurred (i) any Material Adverse Effect, or (ii) any event, condition or state of facts that could reasonably be expected to have such a Material Adverse Effect.

4.12 Financial Matters.

(a) The Borrower has heretofore furnished to the Administrative Agent copies of (i) the audited consolidated balance sheets of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for the fiscal years ending December 31, 2004, December 31, 2005 and December 31, 2006 and the related statements of income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the fiscal years or period then ended, together with the opinion of Ernst & Young LLP thereon, and (ii) the unaudited consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of the last day of the last fiscal quarter ending at least 45 days prior to the Closing Date, and the related statements of income, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the partial period then ended. Such consolidated financial statements (A) have been prepared in accordance with GAAP (subject, with respect to the unaudited financial statements, to the absence of notes required by GAAP and to normal year end adjustments), (B) present fairly in all material respects the consolidated financial condition of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, and the results of their operations and their cash flows, as of the dates and for the periods indicated and (C) show all material indebtedness and other liabilities, direct or contingent, of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of the date thereof.

(b) The Borrower has heretofore furnished to the Administrative Agent copies of (i) the Annual Statements of each Insurance Subsidiary as of December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 for the fiscal years then ended, each as filed with the relevant Insurance Regulatory Authority, and (ii) the Quarterly Statement of each Insurance Subsidiary as of the last day of the last fiscal quarter ending at least 45 days before the Closing Date, and for the period beginning on January 1, 2007 and ending on such date, each as filed with the relevant Insurance Regulatory Authority (collectively, the “Historical Statutory Statements”). The Historical Statutory Statements (including, without limitation, the provisions made therein for investments and the valuation thereof, reserves, policy and contract claims and statutory liabilities) have been

 

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prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with SAP (except as may be reflected in the notes thereto and subject, with respect to the Quarterly Statements, to the absence of notes required by SAP and to normal year end adjustments), were in all material respects, in compliance with applicable Requirements of Law when filed and present fairly in all material respects the financial condition of the respective Insurance Subsidiaries covered thereby as of the respective dates thereof and the results of operations, changes in capital and surplus and cash flows of the respective Insurance Subsidiaries covered thereby for the respective periods then ended. Except for liabilities and obligations disclosed or provided for in the Historical Statutory Statements (including, without limitation, reserves, policy and contract claims and statutory liabilities), no Insurance Subsidiary had, as of the date of its respective Historical Statutory Statements, any material liabilities or obligations of any nature whatsoever (whether absolute, contingent or otherwise and whether or not due) that, in accordance with SAP, would have been required to have been disclosed or provided for in such Historical Statutory Statements.

(c) Neither (i) the board of directors of the Borrower, a committee thereof or an authorized officer of the Borrower has concluded that any financial statement previously furnished to the Administrative Agent or any Lender should no longer be relied upon because of an error, nor (ii) has the Borrower been advised by its auditors that a previously issued audit report or interim review cannot be relied upon.

4.13 Ownership of Properties. The Borrower and each Subsidiary thereof (i) has good and marketable title to all real property owned by it, (ii) holds interests as lessee under valid leases in full force and effect with respect to all material leased real and personal property used in connection with its business, and (iii) has good title to all of its other material properties and assets necessary or used in the ordinary course of its business, except, with respect to the foregoing clauses (i)—(iii), such defects in title that would be a Permitted Liens hereunder or could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

4.14 ERISA.

(a) The Borrower and each of its ERISA Affiliates is in compliance with the applicable provisions of ERISA, and each Plan is and has been administered in compliance with all applicable Requirements of Law, including, without limitation, the applicable provisions of ERISA and the Code, in each case except where the failure so to comply, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. No ERISA Event (i) has occurred within the five year period prior to the Closing Date, (ii) has occurred and is continuing, or (iii) to the knowledge of the Borrower, is reasonably expected to occur with respect to any Plan, except where the occurrence of ERISA Events, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. No Plan has any Unfunded Pension Liability as of the most recent annual valuation date applicable thereto, and neither the Borrower nor any of its ERISA Affiliates has engaged in a transaction that could be subject to Section 4069 or 4212(c) of ERISA, except where the incurrence of any Unfunded Pension Liability or liability in connection with such transactions, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

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(b) Neither the Borrower nor any of its ERISA Affiliates has any outstanding liability on account of a complete or partial withdrawal from any Multiemployer Plan, and neither the Borrower nor any of its ERISA Affiliates would become subject to any liability under ERISA if any such Person were to withdraw completely from all Multiemployer Plans as of the most recent valuation date, except where the incurrence of any such liabilities, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. No Multiemployer Plan is in “reorganization” or is “insolvent” within the meaning of such terms under ERISA, except where the existence of such conditions, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

4.15 Compliance with Laws. The Borrower has timely filed all material reports, documents and other materials required to be filed by it under all applicable Requirements of Law with any Governmental Authority, has retained all material records and documents required to be retained by it under all applicable Requirements of Law, and is otherwise in compliance with all applicable Requirements of Law in respect of the conduct of its business and the ownership and operation of its properties, except in each case to the extent that the failure to comply therewith, individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

4.16 Environmental Compliance. Each of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries is in compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws and there are no pending Environmental Claims alleging potential liability or responsibility for any violation of any Environmental Law on their respective businesses, operations and properties, in each case that individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

4.17 Intellectual Property. The Borrower and each Subsidiary thereof owns, or has the legal right to use, all Intellectual Property material to the businesses of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole.

4.18 Regulated Industries. Neither the Borrower nor any of its Subsidiaries is an “investment company,” a company “controlled” by an “investment company,” or an “investment advisor,” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

4.19 Insurance. The assets, properties and business of the Borrower and each Subsidiary thereof are insured against such hazards and liabilities, under such coverages and in such amounts, as are customarily maintained by prudent companies similarly situated and under policies issued by insurers of recognized responsibility.

4.20 Solvency. After giving effect to the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, each of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries (i) has capital sufficient to carry on its businesses as conducted and as proposed to be conducted, (ii) has assets with a fair saleable value, determined on a going concern basis, which are (y) not less than the amount required to pay the probable liability on its existing debts as they become absolute and matured and (z) greater than the total amount of its liabilities (including identified contingent liabilities, valued at the amount that can reasonably be expected to become absolute and matured in their ordinary course), and (iii) does not intend to, and does not believe that it will, incur debts or

 

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liabilities beyond its ability to pay such debts and liabilities as they mature in their ordinary course.

4.21 OFAC; PATRIOT Act.

(a) Neither the Borrower nor any of its Subsidiaries, in each case that is subject to OFAC, is a Sanctioned Person or does business in a Sanctioned Country or with a Sanctioned Person in violation of the economic sanctions of the United States administered by OFAC that are applicable to it, except where such violation could not reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.

(b) The Borrower and each of its Subsidiaries, in each case that is subject to the PATRIOT Act, is in compliance in all material respects with the provisions of the PATRIOT Act that are applicable to it. No part of the proceeds of the Loans hereunder will be used, directly or indirectly, for any payments to any governmental official or employee, political party, official of a political party, candidate for political office, or anyone else acting in an official capacity, in order to obtain, retain or direct business or obtain any improper advantage, in violation of the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.

ARTICLE V

AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS

Until the termination of the Commitments, the termination or expiration of all Letters of Credit and the payment in full in cash of all principal and interest with respect to the Loans and all Reimbursement Obligations together with all fees, expenses and other amounts then due and owing hereunder, the Borrower covenants and agrees that:

5.1 Financial Statements. The Borrower will deliver to the Administrative Agent and to each Lender:

(a) As soon as available and in any event within 45 days (or, if earlier and if applicable to the Borrower, the quarterly report deadline under the Exchange Act rules and regulations) after the end of each of the first three fiscal quarters in each fiscal year of the Borrower, beginning with the first quarter of fiscal year 2008, an unaudited consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of the end of such fiscal quarter and unaudited (i) consolidated income statement and consolidated statement of shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the Borrower and its Subsidiaries and (ii) a consolidated statement of cash flow for the Borrower for the fiscal quarter then ended and for that portion of the fiscal year then ended, all in reasonable detail and certified by the chief executive officer or chief financial officer of the Borrower to the effect that such consolidated statements present fairly in all material respects the consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of the dates and for the periods indicated in accordance with GAAP (subject to the absence of notes required by GAAP and normal year-end adjustments) applied on a basis consistent with that of the preceding quarter or containing disclosure of the effect on the financial condition or results of operations of any change in the application of accounting principles and practices during such quarter;

 

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(b) As soon as available and in any event within 90 days (or, if earlier and if applicable to the Borrower, the annual report deadline under the Exchange Act rules and regulations) after the end of each fiscal year, beginning with fiscal year 2007, an audited consolidated balance sheet of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of the end of such fiscal year and the related (i) audited consolidated income statements and consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the Borrower and its Subsidiaries and (ii) an audited consolidated statement cash flow for the Borrower for the fiscal year then ended, including the notes thereto, all in reasonable detail and (with respect to the audited statements) certified by Ernst & Young LLP or another independent certified public accounting firm of recognized national standing reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent, together with (y) a report thereon by such accountants that is not qualified as to going concern or scope of audit and to the effect that such financial statements present fairly in all material respects the consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of the dates and for the periods indicated in accordance with GAAP applied on a basis consistent with that of the preceding year or containing disclosure of the effect on the financial condition or results of operations of any change in the application of accounting principles and practices during such year, and (z) a letter from such accountants to the effect that, based on and in connection with their examination of the financial statements of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, they obtained no knowledge of the occurrence or existence of any Default or Event of Default relating to accounting or financial reporting matters (which certificate may be limited to the extent required by accounting rules or guidelines), or a statement specifying the nature and period of existence of any such Default or Event of Default disclosed by their audit;

(c) Concurrently with each delivery of the financial statements described in Sections 5.1(a) and 5.1(b), a Compliance Certificate with respect to the period covered by the financial statements being delivered thereunder, executed by the chief executive officer or chief financial officer of the Borrower, together with a Covenant Compliance Worksheet reflecting the computation of the financial covenants set forth in Article VI as of the last day of the period covered by such financial statements; and

(d) The Borrower will deliver to each Lender as soon as available and in any event within five Business Days after the required filing date, any Annual Statement and Quarterly Statement required to be filed with any Insurance Regulatory Authority by the Borrower or any Insurance Subsidiary, in each case in the form filed with such Insurance Regulatory Authority in conformity with the requirements thereof.

Documents required to be delivered pursuant to this Section 5.1 and 5.2(b) may be delivered electronically and, if so delivered, shall be deemed to have been delivered on the date (i) on which the Borrower provides notice to the to the Administrative Agent and Lenders that such information has been posted on the Borrower’s website on the internet at the website specified in such notice to which each of the Administrative Agent and each Lender has access without charge; or (ii) on which such documents are posted on the Borrower’s behalf on SyndTrak or another similar secure electronic system (the “Platform”) to which each of the Administrative Agent and each Lender has access without charge; provided that (x) if any Lender lacks access to the internet or SyndTrak or the Borrower is unable to deliver such documents electronically, the Borrower shall deliver paper copies of such documents to the Administrative Agent or such Lender (until a written request to cease delivering paper copies is

 

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given by the Administrative Agent or such Lender) and (y) the Borrower shall notify (which may be by facsimile or electronic mail) the Administrative Agent and each Lender of the posting of any documents. The Administrative Agent shall have no obligation to request the delivery of, or to maintain copies of, the documents referred to in the proviso to the immediately preceding sentence or to monitor compliance by the Borrower with any such request for delivery, and each Lender shall be solely responsible for requesting delivery to it or maintaining its copies of such documents.

The Borrower hereby acknowledges that (a) the Administrative Agent will make available to the Lenders materials and/or information provided by or on behalf of the Borrower hereunder (collectively, “Borrower Materials”) by posting the Borrower Materials on the Platform and (b) certain of the Lenders may be “public-side” Lenders (i.e., Lenders that do not wish to receive material non-public information with respect to the Borrower or its securities) (each, a “Public Lender”). The Borrower hereby agrees that so long as the Borrower or any of its Affiliates thereof is the issuer of any outstanding debt or equity securities that are registered or issued pursuant to a private offering or is actively contemplating issuing any such securities (i) the Borrower shall ensure that all Borrower Materials that contain only publicly available information regarding the Borrower and its business are clearly and conspicuously marked “PUBLIC” which, at a minimum, shall mean that the word “PUBLIC” shall appear prominently on the first page thereof; (ii) by marking Borrower Materials “PUBLIC,” the Borrower shall be deemed to have authorized the Administrative Agent and the Lenders to treat the Borrower Materials as containing either publicly available information or not material information with respect to the Borrower or its securities for purposes of United States federal and state securities laws; (iii) all Borrower Materials marked “PUBLIC” are permitted to be made available through a portion of the Platform designated “Public Investor”; and (iv) the Administrative Agent shall be entitled to treat any Information not marked “PUBLIC” as being suitable only for posting on a portion of the Platform not marked as “Public Investor”.

5.2 Other Business and Financial Information. The Borrower shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, deliver to the Administrative Agent and each Lender:

(a) Promptly upon filing, a copy of any annual or periodic report with the relevant Insurance Regulatory Authority and in any event within 90 days after the end of each fiscal year, beginning with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2007, each in the format prescribed by the applicable insurance laws of such Insurance Subsidiary’s jurisdiction of domicile;

(b) Promptly upon the sending, filing or receipt thereof, copies of (i) all financial statements, reports, notices and proxy statements that any Unum Party shall send or make available generally to its shareholders and (ii) all regular, periodic and special reports, registration statements and prospectuses (other than on Form S-8) that any Unum Party shall render to or file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. or any national securities exchange;

(c) Promptly upon (and in any event within five Business Days after) any Responsible Officer of the Borrower obtaining knowledge thereof, written notice of any of the following:

 

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(i) the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default, together with a written statement of a Responsible Officer of the Borrower specifying the nature of such Default or Event of Default, the period of existence thereof and the action that the Borrower has taken and proposes to take with respect thereto;

(ii) the institution or threatened institution of any action, suit, investigation or proceeding against or affecting any Unum Party, including any such investigation or proceeding by any Insurance Regulatory Authority or other Governmental Authority (other than routine periodic inquiries, investigations or reviews), that could reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect, and any material development in any litigation or other proceeding previously reported pursuant to Section 4.6 or this Section 5.2(c)(ii);

(iii) the receipt by any Unum Party from any Insurance Regulatory Authority or other Governmental Authority of (A) any Wells Notice, (B) any notice asserting any failure by any Unum Party to be in compliance with any Requirement of Law or that threatens the taking of any action against any Unum Party or sets forth circumstances that, if taken or adversely determined, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, or (C) any notice of any actual or threatened suspension, limitation or revocation of, failure to renew, imposition of any restraining order, escrow or impoundment of funds in connection with, or the taking of any other materially adverse action in respect of, any license, permit, accreditation or authorization of any Unum Party, where such action could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;

(iv) the occurrence of any ERISA Event, together with (x) a written statement of a Responsible Officer of the Borrower specifying the details of such ERISA Event and the action that the Borrower or the applicable ERISA Affiliate has taken and proposes to take with respect thereto, (y) a copy of any notice with respect to such ERISA Event that may be required to be filed with the PBGC and (z) a copy of any notice delivered by the PBGC to the Borrower or the applicable ERISA Affiliate with respect to such ERISA Event;

(v) the occurrence of any decrease in the Financial Strength Rating given to any Insurance Subsidiary;

(vi) the occurrence or proposal of any changes in any Requirement of Law governing the investment or dividend practices of the Borrower or any Insurance Subsidiary that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and

(vii) any other matter or event that has, or could reasonably be expected to have, a Material Adverse Effect, together with a written statement of a Responsible Officer of the Borrower setting forth the nature and period of existence thereof and the action that the affected Unum Parties have taken and propose to take with respect thereto;

(d) Promptly following the delivery or receipt, as the case may be, by the Borrower or any Insurance Subsidiary, copies of (i) each examination and/or audit report submitted to any Insurance Regulatory Authority, and (ii) each material report, order, direction, instruction,

 

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approval, authorization, license or other notice received from any Insurance Regularity Authority; and

(e) As promptly as reasonably possible, such other information about the business, condition (financial or otherwise), operations or properties of any Unum Party as the Administrative Agent or any Lender may from time to time reasonably request.

5.3 Maintenance of Existence; Conduct of Business. The Borrower shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, (i) maintain and preserve in full force and effect its legal existence, except as expressly permitted otherwise by Section 7.1 (it being acknowledged that the Borrower may, at any time, merge any of its Subsidiaries into any of its Main Domestic Insurance Subsidiaries), (ii) obtain, maintain and preserve in full force and effect all other rights, franchises, licenses, permits, certifications, approvals and authorizations required by Governmental Authorities and necessary to the ownership, occupation or use of its properties or the conduct of its business, except to the extent the failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and (iii) keep all material properties in good working order and condition (normal wear and tear and damage by casualty excepted) and from time to time make all necessary repairs to and renewals and replacements of such properties, except to the extent that any of such properties are obsolete or are being replaced or, in the good faith judgment of the Borrower, are no longer useful or desirable in the conduct of the business of the Unum Parties.

5.4 Compliance with Laws. The Borrower shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, comply in all respects with all Requirements of Law applicable in respect of the conduct of its business and the ownership and operation of its properties, except to the extent the failure so to comply could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

5.5 Payment of Obligations. The Borrower shall, and shall cause each of Subsidiaries to, (i) pay, discharge or otherwise satisfy at or before maturity all liabilities and obligations as and when due (subject to any applicable subordination, grace and notice provisions), except to the extent failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and (ii) pay and discharge all material taxes, assessments and governmental charges or levies imposed upon it, upon its income or profits or upon any of its properties, prior to the date on which penalties would attach thereto, and all lawful claims that, if unpaid, could become a Lien (other than a Permitted Lien) upon any of the properties of any Unum Party; provided, however, that no Unum Party shall be required to pay any such tax, assessment, charge, levy or claim that is being contested in good faith and by proper proceedings and as to which such Unum Party is maintaining adequate reserves with respect thereto in accordance with GAAP (if so required).

5.6 Insurance. The Borrower shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, maintain with financially sound and reputable insurance companies not Affiliates of the Borrower insurance with respect to its assets, properties and business, against such hazards and liabilities, of such types and in such amounts, as is customarily maintained by companies in the same or similar businesses similarly situated.

5.7 Maintenance of Books and Records; Inspection. The Borrower shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, (i) maintain adequate books, accounts and records, in which

 

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full, true and correct entries shall be made of all financial transactions in relation to its business and properties, and prepare all financial statements required under this Agreement, in each case in accordance with GAAP or SAP, as applicable, and in compliance with the requirements of any Governmental Authority having jurisdiction over it, and (ii) permit employees or agents of the Administrative Agent, and after the occurrence of a Default or an Event of Default, any Lender, to visit and inspect its properties and examine or audit its books, records, working papers and accounts and make copies and memoranda of them, and to discuss its affairs, finances and accounts with its officers and employees and, upon notice to the Borrower, the independent public accountants of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries (and by this provision the Borrower authorizes such accountants to discuss the finances and affairs of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries), all at such times and from time to time, upon reasonable notice and during business hours, as may be reasonably requested.

5.8 OFAC, PATRIOT Act Compliance. The Borrower will, and will cause each of its Subsidiaries to, (i) use commercially reasonable efforts to refrain from doing business in a Sanctioned Country or with a Sanctioned Person in violation of the economic sanctions of the United States administered by OFAC, and (ii) provide, to the extent commercially reasonable, such information and take such actions as are reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent or any Lender in order to assist the Administrative Agent and the Lenders in maintaining compliance with the PATRIOT Act.

5.9 Internal Control Event. Promptly upon any Responsible Officer of the Borrower obtaining knowledge of the occurrence of any Internal Control Event, the Borrower shall provide to the Administrative Agent written notice of the occurrence of such Internal Control Event, together with a written statement of a Responsible Officer of the Borrower specifying the nature of such Internal Control Event, and the action that the Borrower has taken and proposes to take with respect thereto, and the Borrower shall diligently take any and all such actions to cure such Internal Control Event in a timely manner.

5.10 Further Assurances. The Borrower shall, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to, make, execute, endorse, acknowledge and deliver any amendments, modifications or supplements hereto and restatements hereof and any other agreements, instruments or documents, and take any and all such other actions, as may from time to time be reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders to effect, confirm or further assure or protect and preserve the interests, rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders under this Agreement and the other Credit Documents.

ARTICLE VI

FINANCIAL COVENANTS

Until the termination of the Commitments, the termination or expiration of all Letters of Credit and the payment in full in cash of all principal and interest with respect to the Loans and all Reimbursement Obligations together with all fees, expenses and other amounts then due and owing hereunder, the Borrower covenants and agrees that:

 

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6.1 Maximum Consolidated Indebtedness to Total Capitalization. The ratio of Consolidated Indebtedness to Total Capitalization as of the last day of any fiscal quarter shall not be greater than 0.35 to 1.0 at any time.

6.2 Minimum Consolidated Net Worth. Consolidated Net Worth shall be at all times an amount not less than the sum of (x) $4,447,600,000, plus (y) 50% of Consolidated Net Income for each fiscal quarter (beginning with the first fiscal quarter ending after the Closing Date) for which Consolidated Net Income (measured at the end of each such fiscal quarter) is a positive amount plus (z) 50% of the aggregate net cash proceeds received from any issuance of Equity Interests of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries consummated on or after the Closing Date.

6.3 Minimum Cash Interest Coverage Ratio. The ratio of Available Cash to Consolidated Cash Interest Expense shall not be less than 2.5 to 1.0 at any time.

6.4 Minimum Risk-Based Capital Ratio. The Risk-Based Capital Ratio shall not be less than 250% at any time.

6.5 Minimum Financial Strength Rating. (i) Each Main Domestic Insurance Subsidiary shall maintain a Financial Strength Rating at all times and (ii) the Financial Strength Rating of each Main Domestic Insurance Subsidiary shall not be lower than “A-” at any time.

ARTICLE VII

NEGATIVE COVENANTS

Until the termination of the Commitments, the termination or expiration of all Letters of Credit and the payment in full in cash of all principal and interest with respect to the Loans and all Reimbursement Obligations together with all fees, expenses and other amounts then due and owing hereunder, the Borrower covenants and agrees that:

7.1 Fundamental Changes. The Borrower will not, and will not permit or cause any of its Subsidiaries to, liquidate, wind up or dissolve, or enter into any consolidation, merger or other combination, or agree to do any of the foregoing, except for:

(a) The Borrower may merge into or consolidate with any other Person so long as (x) the surviving Person is the Borrower, (y) immediately before and after giving effect thereto, no Default or Event of Default would occur or exist and (z) the Administrative Agent shall be satisfied that, on a pro forma basis after giving effect to any such merger or consolidation, all as if such transactions had occurred on the date of the financial statements most recently delivered pursuant to Section 5. 1, the Borrower is in compliance with the financial covenants set forth in Article VI as of the date of such financial statements and the Administrative Agent shall have received a certificate of an Authorized Officer of the Borrower as to the foregoing, together with a completed Covenant Compliance Worksheet and other supporting documentation, all in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent; and

 

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(b) Any merger or consolidation of any Subsidiary with any one or more other Subsidiaries, provided that, if either such Subsidiary is a Wholly Owned Subsidiary, the surviving Person shall, after giving effect to such merger or consolidation, be a Wholly Owned Subsidiary.

7.2 Indebtedness. The Borrower will not, and will not permit or cause any of its Subsidiaries to, create, incur, assume or permit to exist any Indebtedness, or agree, become or remain liable (contingent or otherwise) to do any of the foregoing, except for:

(a) Indebtedness incurred under this Agreement and the other Credit Documents;

(b) Other unsecured Indebtedness incurred by the Borrower or any trust or other special purpose entity created by the Borrower solely for the purposes of issuing any such unsecured Indebtedness, provided that (x) such Indebtedness does not contain any measures of financial performance (however expressed and whether stated as a covenant, as a ratio, as a fixed threshold, as an event of default, as a mandatory prepayment provision, or otherwise) which, taken as a whole, are materially more restrictive on the Borrower than those measures of financial performance contained in this Agreement and (y) upon the incurrence thereof no Default or Event of Default would occur or exist;

(c) Indebtedness existing on the Closing Date and described in Schedule 7.2 and any renewals, replacements, refinancings or extensions of any such Indebtedness that do not increase the outstanding principal amount thereof or result in a final maturity date earlier than the first anniversary of the Final Maturity Date;

(d) accrued expenses, current trade or other accounts payable and other current liabilities arising in the ordinary course of business and not incurred through the borrowing of money, in each case to the extent constituting Indebtedness;

(e) Indebtedness which is incurred in connection with any Lien permitted under Section 7.3;

(f) Securitization Indebtedness;

(g) Indebtedness existing or arising under any Hedge Agreement entered in the ordinary course of business and not for purposes of speculation; and

(h) Indebtedness of (i) any Unum Party (other than the Borrower) to the Borrower and (ii) the Borrower to any Unum Party, in each case to the extent permitted under Section 7.5.

7.3 Liens. The Borrower will not, and will not permit or cause any of its Subsidiaries to, permit, create, assume, incur or suffer to exist any Lien on any asset tangible or intangible now owned or hereafter acquired by it except for the following (collectively, “Permitted Liens”):

(a) Liens in existence on the Closing Date and set forth on Schedule 7.3, and any extensions, renewals or replacements thereof; provided that any such extension, renewal or replacement Lien shall be limited to all or a part of the property that secured the Lien so extended, renewed or replaced (plus any improvements on such property) and shall secure only

 

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those obligations that it secures on the date hereof (and any renewals, replacements, refinancings or extensions of such obligations that do not increase the outstanding principal amount thereof);

(b) Liens on Invested Assets of any Insurance Subsidiary securing obligations of such Insurance Subsidiary in respect of trust arrangements, withheld balances or any other collateral or security arrangements entered into in the ordinary course of business for the benefit of policyholders or cedents to secure insurance or reinsurance recoverables owed to them by such Insurance Subsidiary;

(c) Liens granted by a Securitization Subsidiary pursuant to trust or other security arrangements in connection with Securitization Indebtedness;

(d) Liens in respect of Capital Lease Obligations, synthetic lease obligations and purchase money obligations for (i) corporate aircraft not to exceed $50,000,000 and (ii) for all other fixed or capital assets not to exceed $20,000,000, provided that in each case (x) the amount of the Indebtedness secured by such Lien shall not exceed the lesser of (A) the fair market value of the property acquired with such Indebtedness at the time of such acquisition and (B) the cost thereof to the applicable Unum Party and (y) any such Lien shall not encumber any other property of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries;

(e) Liens securing reverse repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions constituting a borrowing of funds by the Borrower or any Subsidiary in the ordinary course of business for liquidity purposes and in no event for a period exceeding 90 days in each case;

(f) Liens imposed by law, such as Liens of carriers, warehousemen, mechanics, materialmen and landlords, incurred in the ordinary course of business for sums not constituting borrowed money that are not overdue for a period of more than 30 days or that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and for which adequate reserves have been established in accordance with GAAP;

(g) Liens (other than any Lien imposed by ERISA, the creation or incurrence of which would result in an Event of Default under Section 8.1(i)) incurred in the ordinary course of business in connection with worker’s compensation, unemployment insurance or other forms of governmental insurance or benefits, or to secure the performance of letters of credit, bids, tenders, statutory obligations, surety and appeal bonds, leases, public or statutory obligations, government contracts and other similar obligations (other than obligations for borrowed money) entered into in the ordinary course of business;

(h) Liens for taxes, assessments or other governmental charges or statutory obligations that are not delinquent or remain payable without any penalty or that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and for which adequate reserves have been established in accordance with GAAP (if so required);

(i) any attachment or judgment Lien not constituting an Event of Default under Section 8.1(h);

(j) customary rights of set-off, revocation, refund or chargeback under deposit agreements or under the Uniform Commercial Code of banks or other financial institutions

 

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where the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries maintains deposits (other than deposits intended as cash collateral) in the ordinary course of business;

(k) all easements, rights of way, reservations, licenses, encroachments, variations and similar restrictions, charges and encumbrances on title that do not secure Indebtedness and do not materially interfere with the conduct of the business of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries;

(l) any leases, subleases, licenses or sublicenses granted by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries to third parties in the ordinary course of business and not interfering in any material respect with the business of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, and any interest or title of a lessor, sublessor, licensor or sublicensor under any lease or license permitted under this Agreement;

(m) Liens arising from escrow accounts established by any Unum Party for the benefit of another Unum Party in connection with tax allocation arrangements; and

(n) other Liens securing obligations of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries not exceeding $20,000,000 in aggregate principal amount outstanding at any time;

provided, however, that no Lien shall be permitted to exist on the Equity Interest of any Insurance Subsidiary.

7.4 Asset Dispositions. The Borrower will not, and will not permit or cause any of its Subsidiaries to, sell, assign, lease, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of (whether in one or a series of transactions) all or any portion of its assets tangible or intangible, business or properties (including, without limitation, any Equity Interests of any Subsidiary), now owned or hereafter acquired by it (each, a “Disposition”), except for:

(a) Dispositions of obsolete or worn out property in the ordinary course of business;

(b) Dispositions of Investments (other than Equity Interests in any Subsidiary) in the ordinary course of business;

(c) Disposition of assets in accordance with any Securitization;

(d) Dispositions of assets in connection with ceding of insurance or reinsurance in the ordinary course of business;

(e) Dispositions of assets by any Subsidiary to the Borrower or to a Wholly Owned Subsidiary; and

(f) Dispositions of assets at fair market value the proceeds of which shall not exceed $100,000,000 in any fiscal year so long as the net proceeds of such sale are reinvested in the business of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries within 180 days or the Commitments shall be reduced within 180 days by the amount of such net proceeds and any outstanding Loans in excess of such reduced Commitments shall be simultaneously repaid.

 

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7.5 Investments. The Borrower will not, and will not permit or cause any of its Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, purchase, own, invest in or otherwise acquire any Equity Interests, evidence of indebtedness or other obligation or security or any interest whatsoever in any other Person, or make or permit to exist any loans, advances or extensions of credit to, guarantee any obligations of, or any investment in cash or by delivery of property in, any other Person, or purchase or otherwise acquire (whether in one or a series of related transactions) any portion of the assets, business or properties of another Person (including pursuant to an Acquisition), or create any Subsidiary, or become a partner or joint venturer in any partnership or joint venture or make any Acquisition (collectively, “Investments”), or make a commitment or otherwise agree to do any of the foregoing, except for:

(a) Investments by the Borrower in accordance with the Investment Policy;

(b) advances to officers, directors and employees of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, for travel, entertainment, relocation and analogous ordinary business purposes;

(c) Investments by the Borrower in any Subsidiary,

(d) Investments consisting of securities received in settlement of claims, the extension of trade credit, the creation of prepaid expenses, and the purchase of inventory, supplies, equipment and other assets, in each case by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business;

(e) Investments in reverse repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions permitted by Section 7.3(e); and

(f) Investments consisting of Acquisitions; provided that immediately prior and after giving effect to each such Acquisition, (i) no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing; (ii) the ratio of Consolidated Indebtedness to Total Capitalization as of the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter after giving effect to such Acquisition shall not be greater than 0.25 to 1.0 at such time; (iii) the Risk-Based Capital Ratio after giving effect to such Acquisition shall not be less than 300% at such time, (iv) the restrictions on lines of business in Section 7.8 shall not have been violated; and (v) such Acquisition has been duly authorized by (A) the board of directors of the Borrower (to the extent such approval is required by the Borrower’s constituent documents or applicable law) and (B) such Person to be acquired prior to the commencement of any tender offer, proxy contest or the like in respect thereof, if applicable, and provided further, if the aggregate consideration for any such Acquisition permitted by this Section 7.5(f) is $50,000,000 or more, the Borrower shall have given to the Administrative Agent written notice of such proposed Acquisition on the earlier of (x) the date on which such Acquisition is publicly announced and (y) ten (10) Business Days prior to consummation of such proposed Acquisition (or such shorter period of time as may be reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent), which notice shall be executed by a Financial Officer of the Borrower and shall (A) describe in reasonable detail the principal terms and conditions of such proposed Acquisition and (B) include computations in reasonable detail reflecting that after giving effect to such proposed Acquisition and any Indebtedness to be incurred in connection therewith, the Borrower is in compliance with the financial covenants in Article VI and clauses (ii) and (iii) of this Section 7.5(f).

 

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7.6 Restricted Payments. The Borrower will not, and will not permit or cause any of its Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, declare or make any dividend payment, or make any other distribution of cash, property or assets, in respect of any of its Equity Interests or any warrants, rights or options to acquire its Equity Interests, or purchase, redeem, retire or otherwise acquire for value any shares of its Equity Interests or any warrants, rights or options to acquire its Equity Interests (other than pursuant to and in accordance with stock option plans and other benefit plans for directors, officers or employees of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries), or set aside funds for any of the foregoing, except (i) that any Subsidiary may declare and pay dividends on or make distributions to the Borrower or to a Wholly Owned Subsidiary or set aside funds for the foregoing, (ii) the Borrower may declare and pay dividends on, make distributions in respect of or repurchase, redeem, retire or otherwise acquire its Capital Stock or set aside funds for the foregoing so long as no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing before or after giving effect to the declaration or payment of such dividends, distributions, repurchases or other acquisitions, and (iii) the Borrower and its Subsidiaries may declare and pay dividends in respect of any Hybrid Equity Securities or preferred stock if, at the time of and after giving effect to any such payment, no Default or Event of Default under Section 8.1(a), clause (i) of Section 8.1(e), Section 8.1(f) or Section 8.1(g)) shall have occurred and be continuing.

7.7 Transactions with Affiliates. The Borrower will not, and will not permit or cause any of its Subsidiaries to, enter into any transaction (including, without limitation, any purchase, sale, lease or exchange of property or the rendering of any service) with any Affiliate of the Borrower or such Subsidiary other than:

(a) transactions between or among the Borrower and its Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries, or between or among any of such Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries;

(b) transactions with Affiliates in good faith in the ordinary course of the Borrower’s or such Subsidiary’s business consistent with past practice and on terms no less favorable to the Borrower or such Subsidiary than those that could have been obtained in a comparable transaction on an arm’s length basis from a Person that is not an Affiliate; and

(c) any payment permitted to be made under Section 7.6.

7.8 Lines of Business. The Borrower will not, and will not permit or cause any of its Subsidiaries to, engage to any material extent in any business other than the long-term care insurance, life insurance, employer-and employee-paid group benefits and other businesses engaged in by the Borrower and such Subsidiaries on the date hereof or any business substantially related or incidental thereto.

7.9 Certain Amendments. The Borrower will not, and will not permit or cause any of its Subsidiaries to, amend, modify or change any provision of its articles or certificate of incorporation or formation, bylaws, operating agreement or other applicable formation or organizational documents, as applicable, the terms of any class or series of its Equity Interests, or any agreement among the holders of its Equity Interests or any of them, in each case other than in a manner that could not reasonably be expected to adversely affect the Lenders in any material respect, provided that the Borrower shall give the Administrative Agent and the Lenders notice of any such amendment, modification or change, together with certified copies thereof.

 

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7.10 Limitation on Certain Restrictions. The Borrower will not, and will not permit or cause any of its Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, create or otherwise cause or suffer to exist or become effective any restriction or encumbrance on (a) the ability of the Borrower to perform and comply with its obligations under the Credit Documents or (b) the ability of any Subsidiary of the Borrower to make any dividend payment or other distribution in respect of its Equity Interests, to repay Indebtedness owed to the Borrower or any other Subsidiary, to make loans or advances to the Borrower or any other Subsidiary, or to transfer any of its assets or properties to the Borrower or any other Subsidiary, except (in the case of clause (b) above only) for such restrictions or encumbrances existing under or by reason of (i) this Agreement and the other Credit Documents, (ii) applicable Requirements of Law, (iii) customary non-assignment provisions in leases and licenses of real or personal property entered into by the Borrower or any Subsidiary as lessee or licensee in the ordinary course of business, restricting the assignment or transfer thereof or of property that is the subject thereof, (iv) customary restrictions and conditions contained in any agreement relating to the sale of assets pending such sale, provided that such restrictions and conditions apply only to the assets being sold and such sale is permitted under this Agreement.

7.11 Fiscal Year. The Borrower will not, and will not permit or cause any of its Subsidiaries to, change the ending date of its fiscal year to a date other than December 31.

7.12 Accounting Changes. Other than as permitted pursuant to Section 1.2, the Borrower will not, and will not permit or cause any of its Subsidiaries to, make or permit any material change in its accounting policies or reporting practices, except as may be required by GAAP or SAP.

ARTICLE VIII

EVENTS OF DEFAULT

8.1 Events of Default. The occurrence of any one or more of the following events shall constitute an “Event of Default”:

(a) The Borrower shall fail to pay (i) any principal of any Loan or any Reimbursement Obligation when due or (ii) within three Business Days after the same becomes due, any interest on any Loan, any fee payable under this Agreement or any other Credit Document, or (except as provided in clause (i) above) any other Obligation; or

(b) The Borrower shall (i) fail to observe, perform or comply with any condition, covenant or agreement contained in any of Sections 2.15, 5.2(c)(i)-(iii), or 5.3(i), or in Articles VI or VII or (ii) fail to observe, perform or comply with any condition, covenant or agreement contained in Section 5.2 (other than Sections 5.2(c)(i)-(iii)) or 5.7(ii) and (in the case of this clause (ii) only) such failure shall continue unremedied for a period of five Business Days after the earlier of (y) the date on which a Responsible Officer of the Borrower acquires knowledge thereof and (z) the date on which written notice thereof is delivered by the Administrative Agent or any Lender to the Borrower; or

 

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(c) The Borrower shall fail to observe, perform or comply with any condition, covenant or agreement contained in this Agreement or any of the other Credit Documents other than those enumerated in Sections 8.1(a), and 8.1(b), and such failure shall continue unremedied for a period of 30 days after the earlier of (y) the date on which a Responsible Officer of the Borrower acquires knowledge thereof and (z) the date on which written notice thereof is delivered by the Administrative Agent or any Lender to the Borrower; or

(d) Any representation or warranty made or deemed made by or on behalf of the Borrower in this Agreement, any of the other Credit Documents or in any certificate, instrument, report or other document furnished at any time in connection herewith or therewith shall prove to have been incorrect, false or misleading in any material respect as of the time made, deemed made or furnished; or

(e) The Borrower or any other Unum Party shall (i) fail to pay when due (whether by scheduled maturity, required prepayment, demand, acceleration or otherwise and after giving effect to any applicable grace period or notice provision) (y) any principal of or interest on any Indebtedness (other than the Indebtedness incurred pursuant to this Agreement or a Hedge Agreement) having an aggregate principal amount of at least $10,000,000 or (z) any termination or other payment under any Hedge Agreement having a net termination obligation of at least $10,000,000, or (ii) fail to observe, perform or comply with any condition, covenant or agreement contained in any agreement or instrument evidencing or relating to any such Indebtedness or Hedge Agreement, or any other event shall occur or condition exist in respect thereof, and the effect of such failure, event or condition is to cause, or permit the holder or holders of such Indebtedness or Hedge Agreement (or a trustee or agent on its or their behalf) to cause (with or without the giving of notice, lapse of time, or both), without regard to any subordination terms with respect thereto, such Indebtedness or Hedge Agreement to become due, or to be prepaid, redeemed, purchased or defeased, prior to its stated maturity; or

(f) The Borrower or any other Unum Party shall (i) file a voluntary petition or commence a voluntary case seeking liquidation, winding-up, reorganization, dissolution, arrangement, readjustment of debts or any other relief under any applicable Debtor Relief Laws, now or hereafter in effect, (ii) consent to the institution of, or fail to controvert in a timely and appropriate manner, any petition or case of the type described in Section 8.1(g), (iii) apply for or consent to the appointment of or taking possession by a rehabilitator, receiver, custodian, trustee, conservator or liquidator or similar official for or of itself or all or a substantial part of its properties or assets, (iv) fail generally, or admit in writing its inability, to pay its debts generally as they become due, (v) make a general assignment for the benefit of creditors or (vi) take any corporate action to authorize or approve any of the foregoing; or

(g) Any involuntary petition or case shall be filed or commenced against the Borrower or any other Unum Party seeking liquidation, winding-up, reorganization, dissolution, arrangement, readjustment of debts, the appointment of a rehabilitator, receiver, custodian, trustee, conservator or liquidator or similar official for it or all or a substantial part of its properties or any other relief under any applicable Debtor Relief Laws, now or hereafter in effect, and such petition or case shall continue undismissed and unstayed for a period of 60 days; or an order, judgment or decree approving or ordering any of the foregoing shall be entered in any such proceeding; or

 

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(h) Any one or more money judgments, writs or warrants of attachment, executions or similar processes involving an aggregate amount (to the extent not paid or fully bonded or covered by insurance as to which the surety or insurer, as the case may be, has the financial ability to perform and has acknowledged liability in writing) in excess of $10,000,000 shall be entered or filed against the Borrower or any other Unum Party or any of their respective properties and the same shall not be paid, dismissed, bonded, vacated, stayed or discharged within a period of 30 days or in any event later than five days prior to the date of any proposed sale of such property thereunder; or

(i) Any ERISA Event or any other event or condition shall occur or exist with respect to any Plan or Multiemployer Plan and, as a result thereof, together with all other ERISA Events and other events or conditions then existing, the Borrower and its ERISA Affiliates have incurred, or could reasonably be expected to incur, liability to any one or more Plans or Multiemployer Plans or to the PBGC or other similar Governmental Authority (or to any combination thereof) in excess of $10,000,000; or

(j) Any Insurance Regulatory Authority or other Governmental Authority having jurisdiction shall issue any order of conservation, supervision, rehabilitation or liquidation or any other order of similar effect in respect of the Borrower or Domestic Insurance Subsidiary; or

(k) Any Insurance Regulatory Authority or other Governmental Authority revokes or fails to renew any insurance license, permit, or franchise of any Domestic Insurance Subsidiary, or imposes any restriction or condition on any insurance license, permit, or franchise of any Domestic Insurance Subsidiary, if such revocation, non-renewal, condition, or restriction is reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect; or

(l) Any material provision of any Credit Document, at any time after its execution and delivery and for any reason other than as expressly permitted hereunder or thereunder or satisfaction in full of all the Obligations, ceases to be in full force and effect; or the Borrower contests in any manner the validity or enforceability of any Credit Document; or the Borrower denies that it has any or further liability or obligation under any Credit Document, or purports to revoke, terminate, or rescind any Credit Document, in any case other than (y) as expressly permitted hereunder or thereunder or (z) the occurrence of the Final Expiry Date; or

(m) Any of the following shall occur:

(i) (A) any Person or group of Persons acting in concert as a partnership or other group, shall, as a result of a tender or exchange offer, open market purchases, privately negotiated purchases or otherwise, have become, after the date hereof, the “beneficial owner” (within the meaning of such term under Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act) of securities of the Borrower representing 30% or more of the Total Voting Power of the then outstanding securities of the Borrower ordinarily (and apart from rights accruing under special circumstances) having the right to vote in the election of directors; or (B) the board of directors of the Borrower shall cease to consist of a majority of the individuals who constituted the board of directors as of the Closing Date or who shall have become a member thereof subsequent to the Closing Date after having been nominated, or otherwise approved in writing, by at least a majority of individuals

 

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who constituted the board of directors of the Borrower as of the Closing Date (or their replacements approved as herein required);

(ii) the occurrence of a “Change of Control” (or similar event, however denominated), as defined in any indenture, agreement in respect of Indebtedness or other material agreement of the Borrower or any Subsidiary or any certificate of designations (or other provisions of the organizational documents of the Borrower) relating to, or any other agreement governing the rights of the holders of, any Equity Interests in the Borrower or any Subsidiary; or

(iii) the Borrower shall cease to own, directly or indirectly, 100% of the issued and outstanding Equity Interests of any of its Material Subsidiaries free and clear of all Liens.

8.2 Remedies: Termination of Commitments, Acceleration, etc. Upon and at any time after the occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default, the Administrative Agent shall at the direction, or may with the consent, of the Required Lenders, take any or all of the following actions at the same or different times:

(a) Declare the Commitments, the Swingline Commitment, and the Issuing Lender’s obligation to issue Letters of Credit to be terminated, and thereupon the same shall terminate immediately; provided that, upon the occurrence of a Bankruptcy Event, the Commitments, the Swingline Commitment, and the Issuing Lender’s obligation to issue Letters of Credit shall automatically be terminated;

(b) Declare all or any part of the outstanding principal amount of the Loans to be immediately due and payable, whereupon the principal amount so declared to be immediately due and payable, together with all interest accrued thereon and all other amounts payable under this Agreement, the Notes and the other Credit Documents shall become immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest, notice of intent to accelerate or other notice or legal process of any kind, all of which are hereby knowingly and expressly waived by the Borrower; provided that, upon the occurrence of a Bankruptcy Event, all of the outstanding principal amount of the Loans and all other amounts described in this Section 8.2(b) shall automatically become immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest, notice of intent to accelerate or other notice or legal process of any kind, all of which are hereby knowingly and expressly waived by the Borrower;

(c) Appoint or direct the appointment of a receiver for the properties and assets of the Unum Parties, both to operate and to sell such properties and assets, and the Borrower, for itself and on behalf of its Subsidiaries, hereby consents to such right and such appointment and hereby waives any objection the Borrower or any Subsidiary may have thereto or the right to have a bond or other security posted by the Administrative Agent on behalf of the Lenders, in connection therewith;

(d) Direct the Borrower to deposit (and the Borrower hereby agrees, forthwith upon receipt of notice of such direction from the Administrative Agent, to deposit) with the Administrative Agent from time to time such amount of cash as is equal to 105% of the

 

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aggregate Stated Amount of all of the Borrower’s Letters of Credit then outstanding (whether or not any beneficiary under any such Letter of Credit shall have drawn or be entitled at such time to draw thereunder), such amount to be held by the Administrative Agent in the Borrower’s Cash Collateral Account as security for the aggregate Letter of Credit Exposure as described in Section 2.5(i);

(e) Terminate any or all of the Letters of Credit or give Notices of Non-Extension in respect thereof if permitted in accordance with its terms; and

(f) Exercise all rights and remedies available to it under this Agreement, the other Credit Documents and applicable law.

8.3 Remedies: Set-Off. Upon and at any time after the occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default, each Lender and each of its Affiliates is hereby authorized at any time and from time to time, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, to set off and apply any and all deposits (general or special, time or demand, provisional or final, in whatever currency) at any time held and other obligations (in whatever currency) at any time owing by such Lender or any such Affiliate to or for the credit or the account of the Borrower against any and all of the obligations of the Borrower now or hereafter existing under this Agreement or any other Credit Document to such Lender, irrespective of whether or not such Lender shall have made any demand under this Agreement or any other Credit Document and although such obligations of the Borrower may be contingent or unmatured or are owed to a branch or office of such Lender or any Affiliate thereof different from the branch or office holding such deposit or obligated on such indebtedness. The rights of each Lender and their respective Affiliates under this Section are in addition to other rights and remedies (including other rights of setoff) that such Lender or its Affiliates may have. Each Lender agrees to notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent promptly after any such setoff and application; provided that the failure to give such notice shall not affect the validity of such setoff and application.

ARTICLE IX

THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT

9.1 Appointment and Authority. Each of the Lenders (for purposes of this Article, references to the Lenders shall also mean the Issuing Lender and the Swingline Lender) hereby irrevocably appoints Wachovia to act on its behalf as the Administrative Agent hereunder and under the other Credit Documents and authorizes the Administrative Agent to take such actions on its behalf and to exercise such powers as are delegated to the Administrative Agent by the terms hereof or thereof, together with such actions and powers as are reasonably incidental thereto. Except as set forth in Section 9.6, the provisions of this Article are solely for the benefit of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, and neither the Borrower nor any other Unum Party shall have rights as a third party beneficiary of any of such provisions.

9.2 Rights as a Lender. The Person serving as the Administrative Agent hereunder shall have the same rights and powers in its capacity as a Lender as any other Lender and may exercise the same as though it were not the Administrative Agent and the term “Lender” or “Lenders” shall, unless otherwise expressly indicated or unless the context otherwise requires,

 

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include the Person serving as the Administrative Agent hereunder in its individual capacity. Such Person and its Affiliates may accept deposits from, lend money to, act as the financial advisor or in any other advisory capacity for and generally engage in any kind of business with the Borrower or any Subsidiary or other Affiliate thereof as if such Person were not the Administrative Agent hereunder and without any duty to account therefor to the Lenders.

9.3 Exculpatory Provisions. The Administrative Agent shall not have any duties or obligations except those expressly set forth herein and in the other Credit Documents. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Administrative Agent:

(a) shall not be subject to any fiduciary or other implied duties, regardless of whether a Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing;

(b) shall not have any duty to take any discretionary action or exercise any discretionary powers, except discretionary rights and powers expressly contemplated hereby or by the other Credit Documents that the Administrative Agent is required to exercise as directed in writing by the Required Lenders (or such other number or percentage of the Lenders as shall be expressly provided for herein or in the other Credit Documents), provided that the Administrative Agent shall not be required to take any action that, in its opinion or the opinion of its counsel, may expose the Administrative Agent to liability or that is contrary to any Credit Document or applicable law; and

(c) shall not, except as expressly set forth herein and in the other Credit Documents, have any duty to disclose, and shall not be liable for the failure to disclose, any information relating to the Borrower or any of its Affiliates that is communicated to or obtained by the Person serving as the Administrative Agent or any of its Affiliates in any capacity.

The Administrative Agent shall not be liable for any action taken or not taken by it (i) with the consent or at the request of the Required Lenders (or such other number or percentage of the Lenders as shall be necessary, or as the Administrative Agent shall believe in good faith shall be necessary, under the circumstances as provided in Sections 10.5 and 8.2) or (ii) in the absence of its own gross negligence or willful misconduct. The Administrative Agent shall be deemed not to have knowledge of any Default or Event of Default unless and until notice describing such Default or Event of Default is given to the Administrative Agent by the Borrower or a Lender.

The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for or have any duty to ascertain or inquire into (i) any statement, warranty or representation made in or in connection with this Agreement or any other Credit Document, (ii) the contents of any certificate, report or other document delivered hereunder or thereunder or in connection herewith or therewith, (iii) the performance or observance of any of the covenants, agreements or other terms or conditions set forth herein or therein or the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default, (iv) the validity, enforceability, effectiveness or genuineness of this Agreement, any other Credit Document or any other agreement, instrument or document or (v) the satisfaction of any condition set forth in Article III or elsewhere herein, other than to confirm receipt of items expressly required to be delivered to the Administrative Agent.

 

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9.4 Reliance by Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent shall be entitled to rely upon, and shall not incur any liability for relying upon, any notice, request, certificate, consent, statement, instrument, document or other writing (including any electronic message, internet or intranet website posting or other distribution) believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed, sent or otherwise authenticated by the proper Person. The Administrative Agent also may rely upon any statement made to it orally or by telephone and believed by it to have been made by the proper Person, and shall not incur any liability for relying thereon. In determining compliance with any condition hereunder to the making of any Credit Extension that by its terms must be fulfilled to the satisfaction of a Lender, the Administrative Agent may presume that such condition is satisfactory to such Lender unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice to the contrary from such Lender prior to the making of such Credit Extension. The Administrative Agent may consult with legal counsel (who may be counsel for the Borrower), independent accountants and other experts selected by it, and shall not be liable for any action taken or not taken by it in accordance with the advice of any such counsel, accountants or experts.

9.5 Delegation of Duties. The Administrative Agent may perform any and all of its duties and exercise its rights and powers hereunder or under any other Credit Document by or through any one or more sub-agents appointed by the Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent and any such sub-agent may perform any and all of its duties and exercise its rights and powers by or through their respective Related Parties. The exculpatory provisions of this Article shall apply to any such sub-agent and to the Related Parties of the Administrative Agent and any such sub-agent, and shall apply to their respective activities in connection with the syndication of the credit facilities provided for herein as well as activities as Administrative Agent.

9.6 Resignation of Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent may at any time give notice of its resignation to the Lenders and the Borrower. Upon receipt of any such notice of resignation, the Required Lenders shall have the right, in consultation with the Borrower, to appoint a successor Administrative Agent, which shall be a bank with an office in the United States, or an Affiliate of any such bank with an office in the United States. If no such successor shall have been so appointed by the Required Lenders and shall have accepted such appointment within 30 days after the retiring Administrative Agent gives notice of its resignation, then the retiring Administrative Agent may, on behalf of the Lenders, appoint a successor Administrative Agent meeting the qualifications set forth above; provided that if the Administrative Agent shall notify the Borrower and the Lenders that no qualifying Person has accepted such appointment, then such resignation shall nonetheless become effective in accordance with such notice and (1) the retiring Administrative Agent shall be discharged from its duties and obligations hereunder and under the other Credit Documents (except that in the case of any collateral security held by the Administrative Agent on behalf of the Lenders under any of the Credit Documents, the retiring Administrative Agent shall continue to hold such collateral security until such time as a successor Administrative Agent is appointed) and (2) all payments, communications and determinations provided to be made by, to or through the Administrative Agent shall instead be made by or to each Lender directly, until such time as the Required Lenders appoint a successor Administrative Agent as provided for above in this Section. Upon the acceptance of a successor’s appointment as Administrative Agent hereunder, such successor shall succeed to and become vested with all of the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring (or retired) Administrative Agent, and the retiring Administrative Agent shall be

 

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discharged from all of its duties and obligations hereunder or under the other Credit Documents (if not already discharged therefrom as provided above in this Section). The fees payable by the Borrower to a successor Administrative Agent shall be the same as those payable to its predecessor unless otherwise agreed between the Borrower and such successor. After the retiring Administrative Agent’s resignation hereunder and under the other Credit Documents, the provisions of this Article and Section 10.1 shall continue in effect for the benefit of such retiring Administrative Agent, its sub-agents and their respective Related Parties in respect of any actions taken or omitted to be taken by any of them while the retiring Administrative Agent was acting as Administrative Agent.

9.7 Non-Reliance on Administrative Agent and Other Lenders. Each Lender acknowledges that it has, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent or any other Lender or any of their Related Parties and based on such documents and information as it has deemed appropriate, made its own credit analysis and decision to enter into this Agreement. Each Lender also acknowledges that it will, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent or any other Lender or any of their Related Parties and based on such documents and information as it shall from time to time deem appropriate, continue to make its own decisions in taking or not taking action under or based upon this Agreement, any other Credit Document or any related agreement or any document furnished hereunder or thereunder.

9.8 Issuing Lender and Swingline Lender. The provisions of this Article IX (other than Section 9.2) shall apply to the Issuing Lender and the Swingline Lender mutatis mutandis to the same extent as such provisions apply to the Administrative Agent.

9.9 No Other Duties, Etc. Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, none of the Bookrunners, Arrangers, Syndication Agent, Documentation Agents or other agents listed on the cover page hereof shall have any powers, duties or responsibilities under this Agreement or any of the other Credit Documents, except in their respective capacity, as applicable, as the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender, the Swingline Lender or a Lender hereunder.

ARTICLE X

MISCELLANEOUS

10.1 Expenses; Indemnity; Damage Waiver.

(a) The Borrower shall pay (i) all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent and its Affiliates (including the reasonable fees, charges and disbursements of counsel for the Administrative Agent), in connection with the syndication of the credit facilities provided for herein, the preparation, negotiation, execution, delivery and administration of this Agreement and the other Credit Documents or any amendments, modifications or waivers of the provisions hereof or thereof (whether or not the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby shall be consummated), (ii) all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent or the Issuing Lender in connection with the Issuance of any Letter of Credit or any demand for payment thereunder, (iii) all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent, any Lender or the Issuing Lender (including the reasonable fees, charges and disbursements of any counsel for the Administrative

 

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Agent, any Lender or the Issuing Lender), in connection with the enforcement or protection of its rights (A) in connection with this Agreement and the other Credit Documents, including its rights under this Section, or (B) in connection with the Loans made or Letters of Credit Issued hereunder, including all such reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred during any workout, restructuring or negotiations in respect of such Loans or Letters of Credit, and (iv) any civil penalty or fine assessed by OFAC against, and all reasonable costs and expenses (including counsel fees and disbursements) incurred in connection with defense thereof by, the Administrative Agent or any Lender as a result of conduct of the Borrower that violates a sanction enforced by OFAC.

(b) The Borrower shall indemnify the Administrative Agent (and any sub-agent thereof), the Issuing Lender, the Swingline Lender, each Lender, and each Related Party of any of the foregoing persons (each such person being called an “Indemnitee”) against, and hold each Indemnitee harmless from, any and all losses, claims, penalties, damages, liabilities and related expenses (including the reasonable fees, charges and disbursements of any counsel for any Indemnitee), incurred by any Indemnitee or asserted against any Indemnitee by any third party or by the Borrower or any other Unum Party arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of (i) the execution or delivery of this Agreement, any other Credit Document or any agreement or instrument contemplated hereby or thereby, the performance by the parties hereto of their respective obligations hereunder or thereunder or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, (ii) any Loan or Letter of Credit or the use or proposed use of the proceeds therefrom (including any refusal by the Issuing Lender to honor a demand for payment under a Letter of Credit if the documents presented in connection with such demand do not strictly comply with the terms of such Letter of Credit), (iii) any actual or alleged presence or release of Hazardous Substances on or from any property owned or operated by any Unum Party, or any Environmental Claim related in any way to any Unum Party, or (iv) any actual or prospective claim, litigation, investigation or proceeding relating to any of the foregoing, whether based on contract, tort or any other theory, whether brought by a third party or by the Borrower or any other Unum Party, and regardless of whether any Indemnitee is a party thereto; provided that such indemnity shall not, as to any Indemnitee, be available to the extent that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or related expenses (x) are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and nonappealable judgment to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnitee or (y) result from a claim brought by the Borrower or any other Unum Party against an Indemnitee for breach in bad faith of such Indemnitee’s obligations hereunder or under any other Credit Document, if the Borrower or such Unum Party has obtained a final and nonappealable judgment in its favor on such claim as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction.

(c) To the extent that the Borrower for any reason fails to indefeasibly pay any amount required under Section 10.1(a) or Section 10.1(b) to be paid by it to the Administrative Agent (or any sub-agent thereof), the Issuing Lender, the Swingline Lender or any Related Party of any of the foregoing, each Lender severally agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent (or any such sub-agent), the Issuing Lender, the Swingline Lender or such Related Party, as the case may be, such Lender’s proportion (based on the percentages as used in determining the Required Lenders as of the time that the applicable unreimbursed expense or indemnity payment is sought) of such unpaid amount, provided that the unreimbursed expense or indemnified loss, claim, damage, liability or related expense, as the case may be, was incurred by or asserted against the

 

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Administrative Agent (or any such sub-agent), the Swingline Lender or the Issuing Lender in its capacity as such, or against any Related Party of any of the foregoing acting for the Administrative Agent (or any such sub-agent), the Swingline Lender or the Issuing Lender in connection with such capacity. The obligations of the Lenders under this Section 10.1(c) are subject to the provisions of Section 2.3(c).

(d) To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Borrower shall not assert, and the Borrower hereby waives, any claim against any Indemnitee, on any theory of liability, for special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages (as opposed to direct or actual damages) arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of, this Agreement, any other Credit Document or any agreement or instrument contemplated hereby, the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, any Loan or Letter of Credit or the use of the proceeds thereof. No Indemnitee referred to in Section 10.1(b) shall be liable for any damages arising from the use by unintended recipients of any information or other materials distributed by it through telecommunications, electronic or other information transmission systems (including IntraLinks, SyndTrak or similar systems) in connection with this Agreement or the other Credit Documents or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.

(e) All amounts due under this Section shall be payable by the Borrower upon demand therefor.

10.2 Governing Law; Submission to Jurisdiction; Waiver of Venue; Service of Process.

(a) This Agreement and the other Credit Documents shall (except as may be expressly otherwise provided in any Credit Document) be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law of the State of New York (including Sections 5-1401 and 5-1402 of the New York General Obligations Law, but excluding all other choice of law and conflicts of law rules); provided that each Letter of Credit shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws or rules designated in such Letter of Credit or application therefor or, if no such laws or rules are designated, the International Standby Practices of the International Chamber of Commerce, as in effect from time to time (the “ISP”), and, as to matters not governed by the ISP, the laws of the State of New York (including Sections 5-1401 and 5-1402 of the New York General Obligations Law, but excluding all other choice of law and conflicts of law rules).

(b) The Borrower irrevocably and unconditionally submits, for itself and its property, to the nonexclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of New York sitting in New York City and of the United States District Court of the Southern District of New York, and any appellate court from any thereof, in any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any other Credit Document, or for recognition or enforcement of any judgment, and each of the parties hereto irrevocably and unconditionally agrees that all claims in respect of any such action or proceeding may be heard and determined in such state court or, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, in such federal court. Each of the parties hereto agrees that a final judgment in any such action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law. Nothing in this Agreement or in any other Credit Document shall affect any right that the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender, the Swingline Lender or any Lender may otherwise have to bring any action or

 

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proceeding relating to this Agreement or any other Credit Document against the Borrower or its properties in the courts of any jurisdiction.

(c) The Borrower irrevocably and unconditionally waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any objection that it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or any other Credit Document in any court referred to in Section 10.2(b). Each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of such action or proceeding in any such court.

(d) Each party hereto irrevocably consents to service of process in the manner provided for notices in Section 10.4. Nothing in this Agreement will affect the right of any party hereto to serve process in any other manner permitted by applicable law.

10.3 Waiver of Jury Trial. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER CREDIT DOCUMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PERSON HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PERSON WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT AND THE OTHER CREDIT DOCUMENTS BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION.

10.4 Notices; Effectiveness; Electronic Communication.

(a) Except in the cases of notices and other communications expressly permitted to be given by telephone (and except as provided in Section 10.4(b)), all notices and other communications provided for herein shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand or overnight courier service, mailed by certified or registered mail or sent by telecopier as follows:

(i) if to the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the Swingline Lender or the Issuing Lender, to it at the address (or telecopier number) specified for such person on Schedule 1.1(a); and

(ii) if to any Lender, to it at its address (or telecopier number) set forth in its Administrative Questionnaire.

Notices sent by hand or overnight courier service, or mailed by certified or registered mail, shall be deemed to have been given when received; notices sent by telecopier shall be deemed to have been given when sent (except that, if not given during normal business hours for the recipient, shall be deemed to have been given at the opening of business on the next Business Day for the

 

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recipient). Notices delivered through electronic communications to the extent provided in Section 10.4(b) shall be effective as provided in Section 10.4(b).

(b) Notices and other communications to the Lenders hereunder may be delivered or furnished by electronic communication (including e-mail and internet or intranet websites) pursuant to procedures approved by the Administrative Agent, provided that the foregoing shall not apply to notices to any Lender pursuant to Article II if such Lender has notified the Administrative Agent that it is incapable of receiving notices under such Article by electronic communication. The Administrative Agent or the Borrower may, in its discretion, agree to accept notices and other communications to it hereunder by electronic communication pursuant to procedures approved by it, provided that approval of such procedures may be limited to particular notices or communications. Unless the Administrative Agent otherwise prescribes, (i) notices and other communications sent to an e-mail address shall be deemed received upon the sender’s receipt of an acknowledgement from the intended recipient (such as by the “return receipt requested” function, as available, return e-mail or other written acknowledgement), provided that if such notice or other communication is not sent during the normal business hours of the recipient, such notice or communication shall be deemed to have been sent at the opening of business on the next Business Day for the recipient, and (ii) notices or other communications posted to an internet or intranet website shall be deemed received upon the deemed receipt by the intended recipient at its e-mail address as described in the foregoing clause (i) of notification that such notice or communication is available and identifying the website address therefor.

(c) Any party hereto may change its address or telecopier number for notices and other communications hereunder by notice to the other parties hereto (except that each Lender need not give notice of any such change to the other Lenders in their capacities as such).

10.5 Amendments, Waivers, etc. No amendment, modification, waiver or discharge or termination of, or consent to any departure by the Borrower from, any provision of this Agreement or any other Credit Document shall be effective unless in a writing signed by the Required Lenders (or by the Administrative Agent at the direction or with the consent of the Required Lenders), and then the same shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given; provided, however, that no such amendment, modification, waiver, discharge, termination or consent shall:

(a) unless agreed to by each Lender directly affected thereby, (i) reduce or forgive the principal amount of any Loan or the amount of any Reimbursement Obligation, reduce the rate of or forgive any interest thereon (provided that only the consent of the Required Lenders shall be required to waive the applicability of any post-default increase in interest rates), or reduce or forgive any fees hereunder (other than fees payable to the Administrative Agent or the Arranger for its own account)(it being understood that an amendment to Section 6.1 (or any defined terms used therein) shall not constitute a reduction of any interest rate or fees hereunder), (ii) extend the final scheduled maturity date or any other scheduled date for the payment of any principal of or interest on any Loan (including the Commitment Termination Date, but excluding the conversion of the Revolving Loans into Term Loans pursuant to Section 2.1(b)), or extend the time of payment of any fees hereunder (other than fees payable to the Administrative Agent or the Arranger), or (iii) increase any Commitment of any such Lender over the amount thereof in effect or extend the maturity thereof (it being understood that a waiver of any condition

 

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precedent set forth in Section 3.2 or of any Default or Event of Default, if agreed to by the Required Lenders, or all Lenders (as may be required hereunder with respect to such waiver), shall not constitute such an increase);

(b) unless agreed to by all of the Lenders, (i) reduce the percentage of the aggregate Commitments or of the aggregate unpaid principal amount of the Loans, or the number or percentage of Lenders, that shall be required for the Lenders or any of them to take or approve, or direct the Administrative Agent to take, any action hereunder or under any other Credit Document (including as set forth in the definition of “Required Lenders”), (iv) change any other provision of this Agreement or any of the other Credit Documents requiring, by its terms, the consent or approval of all the Lenders for such amendment, modification, waiver, discharge, termination or consent, or (v) change or waive any provision of Section 2.16, any other provision of this Agreement or any other Credit Document requiring pro rata treatment of any Lenders, or this Section 10.5;

(c) unless agreed to by the Issuing Lender, the Swingline Lender or the Administrative Agent in addition to the Lenders required as provided hereinabove to take such action, affect the respective rights or obligations of the Issuing Lender, the Swingline Lender or the Administrative Agent, as applicable, hereunder or under any of the other Credit Documents; and

and provided further that the Fee Letters may only be amended or modified, and any rights thereunder waived, in a writing signed by the parties thereto.

Notwithstanding the fact that the consent of all Lenders is required in certain circumstances as set forth above, each Lender is entitled to vote as such Lender sees fit on any bankruptcy reorganization plan that affects the Loans, and each Lender acknowledges that the provisions of Section 1126(c) of the Bankruptcy Code supersedes the unanimous consent provisions set forth herein.

10.6 Successors and Assigns.

(a) The provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, except that the Borrower may not assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent and each Lender and no Lender may assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder except (i) to an Eligible Assignee in accordance with the provisions of Section 10.6(b), (ii) by way of participation in accordance with the provisions of Section 10.6(d) or (iii) by way of pledge or assignment of a security interest subject to the restrictions of Section 10.6(e) (and any other attempted assignment or transfer by any party hereto shall be null and void). Nothing in this Agreement, expressed or implied, shall be construed to confer upon any Person (other than the parties hereto, their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, Participants to the extent provided in Section 10.6(d) and, to the extent expressly contemplated hereby, the Related Parties of each of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders) any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement.

 

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(b) Prior to the Commitment Termination Date, any Lender may at any time assign to one or more Eligible Assignees, and after the Commitment Termination Date any Lender may at any time assign to one or more assignees, in each case all or a portion of its rights and obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Commitment and the Credit Extensions (including participations in Letters of Credit and in Swingline Loans) at the time owing to it); provided that any such assignment shall be subject to the following conditions:

(i) (A) in the case of an assignment of the entire remaining amount of the assigning Lender’s Commitment and the Credit Extensions at the time owing to the assigning Lender or in the case of an assignment to a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund, no minimum amount need be assigned, and (B) in any case not described in clause (A) above, the principal outstanding balance of the Credit Extensions of the assigning Lender subject to each such assignment (determined as of the date the Assignment and Assumption with respect to such assignment is delivered to the Administrative Agent or, if “Trade Date” is specified in the Assignment and Assumption, as of the Trade Date) shall not be less than (x) $5,000,000, in the case of any assignment in respect of a Commitment (which for this purpose includes Revolving Loans outstanding), (y) the entire Swingline Commitment and the full amount of the outstanding Swingline Loans, in the case of Swingline Loans, or (z) $1,000,000, in the case of any assignment of any Term Loan outstanding, in any case, treating assignments to two or more Approved Funds under common management as one assignment for purposes of the minimum amounts, unless each of the Administrative Agent and, so long as no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Borrower otherwise consents (each such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed);

(ii) each partial assignment shall be made as an assignment of a proportionate part of all the assigning Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement with respect to the Commitment and/or Credit Extensions assigned, except that this clause (ii) shall not apply to rights in respect of Swingline Loans;

(iii) the parties to each assignment shall execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent an Assignment and Assumption, together with a processing and recordation fee of $3,500 for each assignment and the assignee, if it is not a Lender, shall deliver to the Administrative Agent an Administrative Questionnaire and to the Administrative Agent and the Borrower such documentation required pursuant to Section 2.18(e);

(iv) no such assignment shall be made to the Borrower or any of its Affiliates or Subsidiaries; and

(v) no such assignment shall be made to a natural person.

Subject to acceptance and recording thereof by the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 10.6(c), from and after the effective date specified in each Assignment and Assumption, the assignee thereunder shall be a party to this Agreement and, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, have the rights and obligations of a Lender under this Agreement, and the assigning Lender thereunder shall, to the extent of the interest assigned

 

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by such Assignment and Assumption, be released from its obligations under this Agreement (and, in the case of an Assignment and Assumption covering all of the assigning Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement, such Lender shall cease to be a party hereto) but shall continue to be entitled to the benefits of Sections 2.17(a), 2.17(b), 2.18, 2.19 and 10.1 with respect to facts and circumstances occurring prior to the effective date of such assignment. If requested by or on behalf of the assignee, the Borrower, at its own expense, will execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent a new Note or Notes to the order of the assignee (and, if the assigning Lender has retained any portion of its rights and obligations hereunder, to the order of the assigning Lender), prepared in accordance with the applicable provisions of Section 2.4 as necessary to reflect, after giving effect to the assignment, the Commitment and/or outstanding Credit Extensions, as the case may be, of the assignee and (to the extent of any retained interests) the assigning Lender. Any assignment or transfer by a Lender of rights or obligations under this Agreement that does not comply with this Section 10.6(b) shall be treated for purposes of this Agreement as a sale by such Lender of a participation in such rights and obligations in accordance with Section 10.6(d).

(c) The Administrative Agent, acting solely for this purpose as an agent of the Borrower, shall maintain at its address for notices referred to in Schedule 1.1(a) a copy of each Assignment and Assumption delivered to it and a register for the recordation of the names and addresses of the Lenders, and the Commitment of, and principal amounts of the Loans owing to, each Lender pursuant to the terms hereof from time to time (the “Register”). The entries in the Register shall be conclusive, and the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders may treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Register pursuant to the terms hereof as a Lender hereunder for all purposes of this Agreement, notwithstanding notice to the contrary. The Register shall be available for inspection by the Borrower and the Issuing Lender, at any reasonable time and from time to time upon reasonable prior notice.

(d) Any Lender may at any time, without the consent of, or notice to, the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, sell participations to any Person (other than a natural person or the Borrower or any of the Borrower’s Affiliates or Subsidiaries) (each, a “Participant”) in all or a portion of such Lender’s rights and/or obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Commitment and/or the Credit Extensions owing to it); provided that (i) such Lender’s obligations under this Agreement shall remain unchanged, (ii) such Lender shall remain solely responsible to the other parties hereto for the performance of such obligations and (iii) the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender and the Swingline Lender and the Lenders shall continue to deal solely and directly with such Lender in connection with such Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement. Any agreement or instrument pursuant to which a Lender sells such a participation shall provide that such Lender shall retain the sole right to enforce this Agreement and to approve any amendment, modification or waiver of any provision of this Agreement; provided that such agreement or instrument may provide that such Lender will not, without the consent of the Participant, agree to any amendment, waiver or other modification described in Section 10.5(a) and clauses (i) and (ii) of Section 10.5(b) that affects such Participant. Subject to Section 10.6(e), the Borrower agrees that each Participant shall be entitled to the benefits of Sections 2.17(a), 2.17(b), 2.18 and 2.19 to the same extent as if it were a Lender and had acquired its interest by assignment pursuant to Section 10.6(b). To the extent permitted by law, each Participant also shall be entitled to the benefits of Section 8.3 as though it

 

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were a Lender; provided such Participant agrees to be subject to Section 2.16(b) as though it were a Lender.

(e) A Participant shall not be entitled to receive any greater payment under Section 2.17(a), Section 2.17(b) or Section 2.18 than the applicable Lender would have been entitled to receive with respect to the participation sold to such Participant, unless the sale of the participation to such Participant is made with the Borrower’s prior written consent. A Participant that would be a Foreign Lender if it were a Lender shall not be entitled to the benefits of Section 2.18 unless the Borrower is notified of the participation sold to such Participant and such Participant agrees, for the benefit of the Borrower, to comply with Section 2.18(e) as though it were a Lender.

(f) Any Lender may at any time pledge or assign a security interest in all or any portion of its rights under this Agreement (including under its Notes, if any) to secure obligations of such Lender, including any pledge or assignment to secure obligations to a Federal Reserve Bank; provided that no such pledge or assignment shall release such Lender from any of its obligations hereunder or substitute any such pledgee or assignee for such Lender as a party hereto.

(g) The words “execution,” “signed,” “signature,” and words of like import in any Assignment and Assumption shall be deemed to include electronic signatures or the keeping of records in electronic form, each of which shall be of the same legal effect, validity or enforceability as a manually executed signature or the use of a paper-based recordkeeping system, as the case may be, to the extent and as provided for in any applicable law, including the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act or any state laws based on the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.

(h) Any Lender or Participant may, in connection with any assignment, participation, pledge or proposed assignment, participation or pledge pursuant to this Section 10.6, disclose to the Eligible Assignee, Participant or pledgee or proposed Eligible Assignee, Participant or pledgee any information relating to the Borrower and its Subsidiaries furnished to it by or on behalf of any other party hereto, provided that such Eligible Assignee, Participant or pledgee or proposed Eligible Assignee, Participant or pledgee agrees in writing to keep such information confidential to the same extent required of the Lenders under Section 10.11.

(i) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, if Wachovia assigns all of its Commitment and Credit Extensions in accordance with this Section 10.6, Wachovia may resign as Issuing Lender and Swingline Lender upon written notice to the Borrower and the Lenders. Upon any such notice of resignation, the Borrower shall have the right to appoint from among the Lenders a successor Issuing Lender and Swingline Lender; provided that no failure by the Borrower to make such appointment shall affect the resignation of Wachovia as Issuing Lender and Swingline Lender. Wachovia shall retain all of the rights and obligations of the Issuing Lender and Swingline Lender hereunder with respect to all Letters of Credit issued by it or Swingline Loans made by it and outstanding as of the effective date of its resignation and all obligations of the Borrower and the Lenders with respect thereto.

 

88


10.7 No Waiver. The rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender and the Lenders expressly set forth in this Agreement and the other Credit Documents are cumulative and in addition to, and not exclusive of, all other rights and remedies available at law, in equity or otherwise. No failure or delay on the part of the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender or any Lender in exercising any right, power or privilege shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right, power or privilege preclude other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege or be construed to be a waiver of any Default or Event of Default. No course of dealing between the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender or the Lenders or their agents or employees shall be effective to amend, modify or discharge any provision of this Agreement or any other Credit Document or to constitute a waiver of any Default or Event of Default. No notice to or demand upon the Borrower in any case shall entitle the Borrower to any other or further notice or demand in similar or other circumstances or constitute a waiver of the right of the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender or any Lender to exercise any right or remedy or take any other or further action in any circumstances without notice or demand.

10.8 Survival. All representations, warranties, covenants and agreements made by or on behalf of the Borrower in this Agreement and in the other Credit Documents shall be considered to have been relied upon by the other parties hereto and survive the execution and delivery hereof or thereof and the making and repayment of the Loans and the Issuance of Letters of Credit and repayment of all Reimbursement Obligations and shall continue in full force and effect as long as any Loan, Letter of Credit or any other Obligation hereunder shall remain unpaid or unsatisfied. In addition, notwithstanding anything herein or under applicable law to the contrary, the provisions of this Agreement and the other Credit Documents relating to indemnification or payment of costs and expenses, including, without limitation, the provisions of Sections 2.17(a), 2.17(b), 2.18, 2.19, 10.1 and Article IX, shall survive the payment in full of all Credit Extensions, the termination of the Commitments and all Letters of Credit, and any termination of this Agreement or any of the other Credit Documents or any provision hereof or thereof.

10.9 Severability. To the extent any provision of this Agreement is prohibited by or invalid under the applicable law of any jurisdiction, such provision shall be ineffective only to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity and only in such jurisdiction, without prohibiting or invalidating such provision in any other jurisdiction or the remaining provisions of this Agreement in any jurisdiction.

10.10 Construction. The headings of the various articles, sections and subsections of this Agreement and the table of contents have been inserted for convenience only and shall not in any way affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein and in the other Credit Documents, in the event of any inconsistency or conflict between any provision of this Agreement and any provision of any of the other Credit Documents, the provision of this Agreement shall control.

10.11 Confidentiality. Each of the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender and the Lenders agree to maintain the confidentiality of the Information (as defined below), except that Information may be disclosed (a) to its Affiliates and to its and its Affiliates’ respective partners, directors, officers, employees, agents, advisors and other representatives (it being understood

 

89


that the Persons to whom such disclosure is made will be informed of the confidential nature of such Information and instructed to keep such Information confidential), (b) to the extent requested by any regulatory authority purporting to have jurisdiction over it (including any self-regulatory authority, such as the National Association of Insurance Commissioners), (c) to the extent required by applicable Requirements of Law or by any subpoena or similar legal process, (d) to any other party hereto, (e) in connection with the exercise of any remedies hereunder or under any other Credit Document or any action or proceeding relating to this Agreement or any other Credit Document or the enforcement of rights hereunder or thereunder, (f) subject to an agreement containing provisions substantially the same as those of this Section, to (i) any assignee of or Participant in, or any prospective assignee of or Participant in, any of its rights or obligations under this Agreement, or (ii) any actual or prospective counterparty (or its advisors) to any swap or derivative transaction relating to the Borrower and its obligations, (g) with the consent of the Borrower or (h) to the extent such Information (x) becomes publicly available other than as a result of a breach of this Section or (y) becomes available to the Administrative Agent, the Issuing Lender any Lender, or any of their respective Affiliates on a nonconfidential basis from a source other than the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates.

For purposes of this Section, “Information” means all information received from the Unum Parties relating to any Unum Party or any of their respective businesses, other than any such information that is available to the Administrative Agent or any Lender on a nonconfidential basis prior to disclosure by any Unum Party, provided that, in the case of information received from any Unum Party after the date hereof, such information is clearly identified at the time of delivery as confidential. Any Person required to maintain the confidentiality of Information as provided in this Section shall be considered to have complied with its obligation to do so if such Person has exercised the same degree of care to maintain the confidentiality of such Information as such Person would accord to its own confidential information.

10.12 Counterparts; Integration; Effectiveness. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. This Agreement and the other Credit Documents constitute the entire contract among the parties relating to the subject matter hereof and supersede any and all previous agreements and understandings, oral or written, relating to the subject matter hereof (except for the Fee Letters). Except as provided in Section 3.1, this Agreement shall become effective upon the execution of a counterpart hereof by each of the parties hereto and receipt by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower of written or telephonic notification of such execution and authorization of delivery thereof. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Agreement by facsimile shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement.

10.13 No Fiduciary Relationship Established By Credit Documents. The Borrower hereby acknowledges that neither the Administrative Agent nor any Lender has any fiduciary relationship with or fiduciary duty to the Borrower arising out of or in connection with this Agreement or any of the other Credit Documents, and the relationship between Administrative Agent and Lenders, on one hand, and the Borrower, on the other hand, in connection herewith or therewith is solely that of debtor and creditor.

 

90


10.14 Judgment Currency. If, for the purposes of obtaining judgment in any court or in respect of any tender made by the Borrower, it is necessary to convert a sum due hereunder or under any other Credit Document in one currency into another currency, the rate of exchange used shall be that at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Administrative Agent could purchase the first currency with such other currency on the Business Day preceding that on which final judgment is given or such tender is made. The obligation of the Borrower in respect of any such sum due from it to the Administrative Agent or any Lender hereunder or under the other Credit Documents shall, notwithstanding any tender or judgment in a currency (the “Judgment Currency”) other than that in which such sum is denominated in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Agreement (the “Agreement Currency”), be discharged only to the extent that on the Business Day following receipt by the Administrative Agent or such Lender of any sum received or adjudged to be so due in the Judgment Currency, the Administrative Agent or such Lender may in accordance with normal banking procedures purchase the Agreement Currency with the Judgment Currency. If the amount of the Agreement Currency so purchased is less than the sum originally due to the Administrative Agent or such Lender in the Agreement Currency, the Borrower agrees, as a separate obligation and notwithstanding any such judgment or tender, to indemnify the Administrative Agent or such Lender or the Person to whom such obligation was owing against such loss. If the amount of the Agreement Currency so purchased is greater than the sum originally due to the Administrative Agent or such Lender in such currency, the Administrative Agent or such Lender agrees to return the amount of any excess to the Borrower (or to any other Person who may be entitled thereto under applicable law).

10.15 Disclosure of Information. The Borrower agrees and consents to the Administrative Agent’s and the Arranger’s disclosure of information relating to this transaction to Gold Sheets and other similar bank trade publications. Such information will consist of deal terms and other information customarily found in such publications.

10.16 PATRIOT Act Notice. The Issuing Lender and each Lender that is subject to the PATRIOT Act and the Administrative Agent (for itself and not on behalf of any Lender) hereby notifies the Borrower that pursuant to the requirements of the PATRIOT Act, it is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies the Borrower, which information includes the name and address of the Borrower and other information that will allow such Lender or the Administrative Agent, as applicable, to identify the Borrower in accordance with the PATRIOT Act.

 

91


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized officers as of the date first above written.

 

UNUM GROUP
By:  

/s/ Kevin A. McMahon

Name:   Kevin A. McMahon
Title:   Corporate Treasurer

SIGNATURE PAGE TO UNUM GROUP

364-DAY SENIOR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY

 


WACHOVIA BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Administrative Agent, Issuing Lender, Swingline Lender, and as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Joan Anderson

Name:   Joan Anderson
Title:   Director

SIGNATURE PAGE TO UNUM GROUP

364-DAY SENIOR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY

 


BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Syndication Agent and as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Kipling Davis

Name:   Kipling Davis
Title:   Sr. Vice President

SIGNATURE PAGE TO UNUM GROUP

364-DAY SENIOR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY

 


DEUTSCHE BANK AG NEW YORK BRANCH, as Documentation Agent and a Lender
By:  

/s/ Brett Hanmer

Name:   Brett Hanmer
Title:   Director
By:  

/s/ Valerie Shapiro

Name:   Valerie Shapiro
Title:   Assistant Vice President

SIGNATURE PAGE TO UNUM GROUP

364-DAY SENIOR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY

 


SUNTRUST BANK, as Documentation Agent and a Lender
By:  

/s/ W. Bradley Hamilton

Name:   W. Bradley Hamilton
Title:   Director

SIGNATURE PAGE TO UNUM GROUP

364-DAY SENIOR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY


GOLDMAN SACHS BANK USA, as a Lender
By:  

/s/ William Yarbenet

Name:   William Yarbenet
Title:   Vice President

SIGNATURE PAGE TO UNUM GROUP

364-DAY SENIOR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY


J.P. MORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Melvin D. Jackson

Name:   Melvin D. Jackson
Title:   Vice President

SIGNATURE PAGE TO UNUM GROUP

364-DAY SENIOR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY


MORGAN STANLEY BANK, as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Daniel Twenge

Name:   Daniel Twenge
Title:   Authorized Signatory

SIGNATURE PAGE TO UNUM GROUP

364-DAY SENIOR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY


FIFTH THIRD BANK, as a Lender
By:  

/s/ John K. Perez

Name:   John K. Perez
Title:   Vice President

SIGNATURE PAGE TO UNUM GROUP

364-DAY SENIOR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY


NATIONAL CITY BANK, as a Lender
By:  

/s/ William R. McDonnell

Name:   William R. McDonnell
Title:   Senior Vice President

SIGNATURE PAGE TO UNUM GROUP

364-DAY SENIOR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY


PNC BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Kirk Seagers

Name:   Kirk Seagers
Title:   Vice President

SIGNATURE PAGE TO UNUM GROUP

364-DAY SENIOR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY


REGIONS BANK, as a Lender
By:  

/s/ B. Scott Peek

Name:   B. Scott Peek
Title:   Relationship Manager

SIGNATURE PAGE TO UNUM GROUP

364-DAY SENIOR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY


BRANCH BANKING AND TRUST COMPANY, as a Lender
By:  

/s/ R. Andrew Beam

Name:   R. Andrew Beam
Title:   Senior Vice President

SIGNATURE PAGE TO UNUM GROUP

364-DAY SENIOR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY


SOVEREIGN BANK, N.A., as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Nancy E. Fuller

Name:   Nancy E. Fuller
Title:   Senior Vice President

SIGNATURE PAGE TO UNUM GROUP

364-DAY SENIOR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY


FIRST TENNESSEE BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Mark A. Stewart

Name:   Mark A. Stewart
Title:   Senior Vice President

SIGNATURE PAGE TO UNUM GROUP

364-DAY SENIOR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY


WEBSTER BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Lawrence Davis

Name:   Lawrence Davis
Title:   Vice President

SIGNATURE PAGE TO UNUM GROUP

364-DAY SENIOR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY


CHANG HWA COMMERCIAL BANK, LTD., NEW YORK BRANCH, as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Jim C.Y. Chen

Name:   Jim C.Y. Chen
Title:   Vice President & General Manager

SIGNATURE PAGE TO UNUM GROUP

364-DAY SENIOR REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY


Schedule 1.1(a)

Commitments and

Notice Addresses

Commitments

 

Lender

   Commitment

Wachovia Bank, National Association

   $ 35,000,000

Bank of America, N.A.

   $ 35,000,000

Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch

   $ 32,000,000

SunTrust Bank

   $ 32,000,000

Goldman Sachs Bank USA

   $ 32,000,000

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.

   $ 32,000,000

Morgan Stanley Bank

   $ 32,000,000

Fifth Third Bank

   $ 25,000,000

National City Bank

   $ 25,000,000

PNC Bank, National Association

   $ 25,000,000

Regions Bank

   $ 25,000,000

Branch Banking and Trust Company

   $ 20,000,000

Sovereign Bank

   $ 20,000,000

First Tennessee Bank National Association

   $ 15,000,000

Webster Bank, National Association

   $ 10,000,000

Chang Hwa Commercial Bank, Ltd., New York Branch

   $ 5,000,000

Total

   $ 400,000,000

Notice Addresses

 

Party

  

Address

Borrower   

Unum Group

1 Fountain Square

Chattanooga, TN 37402

ATTN: Corporate Treasurer

Telephone: 423-294-1272

Telecopy: 423-294-3899

Wachovia Bank, National Association   

Instructions for wire transfers to the

Administrative Agent:


  

Wachovia Bank, National Association

ABA Number: 053 000 219

Account Number: 01459670001944

Account Name: Agency Svcs Synd Clearing

Payment Details: Unum Group

Order Details: Investor name if different from Sending Bank

Bank to Bank: Tim Murphy

Attention: Syndication Agency Services

 

Address for notices as Administrative Agent:

 

Wachovia Bank, National Association

1525 W. W T Harris Blvd

Charlotte NC 28262

Attention: Syndication Agency Services

Telephone: (704) 590-2703

Telecopy: (704) 590-3481

  

Address for notices to Issuing Lender:

 

Wachovia Bank, National Association

One South Broad Street, 8th Floor

Philadelphia, PA 19107

Attention: Joan Anderson

Telephone: (267) 321-7029

Telecopy: (267) 321-7101


Schedule 4.5

Licenses

See attached.


UNUM LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

Alabama    Life, Disability, Variable Annuity    11/24/1970    Perpetual
Alaska    Life, Disability, Annuities, Variable Products (Limited to Variable Annuities)    08/30/1967    Perpetual
Arizona    Life, Disability    08/08/1973    Perpetual
Arkansas    Life, Disability, Variable Contracts    09/17/1974    Perpetual
California    Life and Disability, Variable Annuities    05/14/1971    Perpetual
Colorado    Ordinary, Group Life, Accident and Health, Annuity Contracts, Variable Annuities    12/26/1969    Perpetual
Connecticut    Accident and Health, Life Non-Participating, Variable Annuities    07/24/1975    Perpetual
Delaware    Life including Annuities and Health, Variable Annuities    06/09/1970    Perpetual
District of Columbia    Group Accident and HealthGroup Annuities (Fixed and Variable), Group Life, Individual Accident and Health, Individual Annuities (Fixed and Variable), Individual Life, Life and Health, and Variable Life    03/20/1970    Annual
Florida    Life, Group Life and Annuities, Variable Annuities, Accident and Health    10/29/1970    Perpetual
Georgia    Life, Accident and Sickness (including Variable Annuity)    02/23/1972    Annual
Hawaii    Accident and Health or Sickness Life    12/28/1970    Perpetual
Idaho    Life, Disability, Variable Contracts    06/18/1970    Perpetual
Illinois    Life, Accident and Health, Variable Annuities    04/07/1970    Annual
Indiana    Class I (a), (b) and (c) Life, AD&D, Annuities, A&S, Variable Annuities    11/17/1969    Perpetual


UNUM LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY – CONTINUED

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

Iowa    Accident only (individual), Accident and Health (Individual), Hospital and Medical Expenses (Individual), Group Accident and Health, Non-cancelable Accident and Health, Life (includes Credit Life, Variable Life, Annuities, Variable Annuities, Group)    06/29/1971    Annual
Kansas    Life, Accident and Health    12/23/1971    Perpetual
Kentucky    Life, Annuities and Health, Variable Annuity    11/18/1971    Perpetual
Louisiana    Life, Accident and Health    06/14/1968    Perpetual
Maine    Life (Including Credit Life), Health (Including Credit Health), Variable Annuity, Workers Compensation, Aircraft (All Perils)    08/24/1966    Perpetual
Maryland    Variable Annuities, Health, Life including Annuities and Health (except Variable Life & Variable Annuities)    08/20/1975    Annual
Massachusetts    Life-All Kinds, Variable Annuity Authorization, Accident-All Kinds, Health-All Kinds    07/08/1974    Annual
Michigan    Life & Annuities, Disability, Separate Account-Variable Annuities    03/31/1970    Perpetual
Minnesota    Life (including Endowments and Annuities), Accident and Health, Variable Contracts    04/22/1970    Perpetual
Mississippi    Life, Accident & Health    12/01/1970    Annual
Missouri    Life, Annuities and Endowments, Accident and Health, Variable Contracts    09/02/1974    Perpetual
Montana    Life, Disability, including variable authority for Annuity Contracts    12/04/1967    Perpetual
Nebraska    Life, Variable Annuities, Sickness and Accident    09/07/1973    Annual


UNUM LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY – CONTINUED

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

Nevada    Life, Health, Variable Annuities    06/11/1968    Perpetual
New Hampshire    Life, Accident and Health, Variable Products    05/29/1967    Annual
New Jersey    Life, Health, Annuities, Variable Contracts (Non-Participating insurance only)    01/28/1977    Annual
New Mexico    Life and Health, Variable Annuities    08/15/1968    Perpetual
New York    Accredited re-insurer for the following lines of business: Life, Annuities, Accident and Health    Not Qualified    Annual
North Carolina    Life insurance including Industrial Sick Benefit Insurance, Annuities (excluding Variable Annuities), Variable Annuities, Cancelable and Non-Cancelable Accident and Health insurance including Hospitalization    10/13/1970    Perpetual
North Dakota    Accident and Health, Life and Annuity, Credit Life and Health, Variable Annuities and Life    06/15/1970    Perpetual
Ohio    Life, Health, Annuities    05/22/1969    Annual
Oklahoma    Life, Accident, Health, Variable    08/19/1971    Perpetual
Oregon    Life, Health    07/15/1971    Perpetual
Pennsylvania    Accident, Health, Separate Account Annuities    01/21/1972    Annual
Puerto Rico    Life, Disability    05/24/1973    Annual
Rhode Island    Life, Accident, Health, Annuities, Variable Annuities    06/08/1970    Perpetual
South Carolina    Life, Variable Annuity, Accident, Health    12/08/1970    Perpetual
South Dakota    Life, Health, Variable Annuities    05/25/1970    Perpetual
Tennessee    Life, Accident, Health, Variable Contracts    05/10/1972    Perpetual


UNUM LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY – CONTINUED

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

Texas    Life, Accident, Health, Variable Annuity    12/16/1974    Perpetual
Utah    Life, Annuity, Variable Life, Variable Annuity, Disability    01/16/1969    Perpetual
Vermont    Life including Endowments and Annuities, Accident, Health, Variable Annuities except Variable Life    03/05/1970    Perpetual
Virginia    Life, Credit Life, Annuities, Variable Annuities, Accident and Sickness, Credit Accident and Sickness    06/29/1970    Annual
Washington    Life, Disability, Variable Life, Annuities    08/30/1971    Perpetual
West Virginia    Life, Accident, Sickness    12/28/1970    Annual
Wisconsin    Life insurance annuities (Non-participating), Variable life and annuities, Life Disability insurance    04/19/1971    Perpetual
Wyoming    Life, Disability and Variable Contracts    09/10/1970    Perpetual


PROVIDENT LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

Alabama       1911    Perpetual
Alaska    Life, Disability, Annuities    06/30/1970    Perpetual
Arizona    Life and Disability    05/11/1950    Perpetual
Arkansas    Life and Disability    1913    Perpetual
California    Life and Disability    1928    Perpetual
Colorado    Ordinary, Group Life, Accident and Health, Annuity Contracts, Credit Life, Credit A & H, Franchise – Life, Franchise – A & H    1928    Perpetual
Connecticut    Accident and Health, Life Non-Participating    10/16/1952    Perpetual
Delaware    Life, Health    06/20/1950    Perpetual
District of Columbia    Group Accident and HealthGroup Annuities (Fixed and Variable), Group Life, Individual Accident and Health, Individual Annuities (Fixed and Variable), Individual Life, and Life and Health    1922    Annual
Florida    Life, Group Life and Annuities, Credit Life/Health, Credit Disability, Accident and Health    1912    Perpetual
Georgia    Life, Accident and Sickness (including Variable Annuity)    1910    Annual
Hawaii    Accident and Health or Sickness Life    04/23/1971    Perpetual
Idaho    Life, Disability    1928    Perpetual
Illinois    Life, Accident and Health    1922    Annual
Indiana    Class I (a), (b) Life, AD&D    1915    Perpetual


PROVIDENT LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY – CONTINUED

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

Iowa    Accident only (individual), Accident and Health (Individual), Hospital and Medical Expense (Individual), Group Accident and Health, Non-cancelable Accident and Health, Life (includes Credit Life, Variable Life, Annuities, Variable Annuities, Group)    1926    Annual
Kansas    Life, Accident and Health    1926    Perpetual
Kentucky    Life (includes Annuities) and Health    1910    Perpetual
Louisiana    Life, Health and Accident    1917    Perpetual
Maine    Life (Including Credit Life), Health (Including Credit Health)    04/17/1946    Perpetual
Maryland    Health, Life including Annuities and Health (except Variable Life & Variable Annuities)    1925    Annual
Massachusetts    Life-All Kinds, Accident-All Kinds, Health-All Kinds    12/31/1947    Annual
Michigan    Life & Annuities, Disability    1926    Perpetual
Minnesota    Life (including Endowments and Annuities), Accident and Health    1926    Perpetual
Mississippi    Life, Accident & Health    1917    Annual
Missouri    Life, Annuities and Endowments, Accident and Health    1917    Perpetual
Montana    Life and Disability    1926    Perpetual
Nebraska    Life, Sickness and Accident    1928    Annual
Nevada    Life, Health    05/08/1950    Perpetual
New Hampshire    Life, Accident and Health    02/06/1953    Annual
New Jersey    Life, Health, Annuities    03/06/1945    Annual
New Mexico    Life and Health    1931    Perpetual
New York       Not qualified    Annual


PROVIDENT LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY – CONTINUED

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

North Carolina    Life, including Industrial Sick Benefit Insurance, Annuities (excluding Variable Annuities), Cancelable and Non-Cancelable Accident and Health, including Hospitalization    1911    Perpetual
North Dakota    Accident and Health, Life and Annuity    1928    Perpetual
Ohio    Life, Health and Annuities    1913    Annual
Oklahoma    Life, Accident & Health    1924    Perpetual
Oregon    Life, Health    1926    Perpetual
Pennsylvania    Accident and Health, Life and Annuities    1913    Annual
Puerto Rico    Life and Disability    10/25/1972    Annual
Rhode Island    Life, Annuities, Accident and Health    05/31/1950    Perpetual
South Carolina    Life, Accident and Health    1912    Perpetual
South Dakota    Life, Health    04/01/1944    Perpetual
Tennessee    Life, Disability, Credit    1910    Perpetual
Texas    Life, Health and Accident    1913    Perpetual
Utah    Life, Disability    05/22/1950    Perpetual
Vermont    Life, Annuities, Health and Accident, Disability    06/20/1952    Perpetual
Virginia    Life, Credit Life, Annuities, Accident and Sickness, Credit Accident and Sickness    1910    Annual
Washington    Life, Disability    1926    Perpetual
West Virginia    Life, Accident & Sickness    1913    Annual
Wisconsin    Life (Non-participating), and Disability    1926    Perpetual
Wyoming    Life and Disability    1950    Perpetual


PROVIDENT LIFE AND CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

Alabama       Not qualified    Perpetual
Alaska    Life, Disability, Annuities, Variable Life    07/01/1984    Perpetual
Arizona       Not qualified    Perpetual
Arkansas    Life and Disability    12/13/1973    Perpetual
California       Not qualified    Perpetual
Colorado    Ordinary, Group Life, Accident and Health, Annuity Contracts, Franchise – Life, Franchise – A & H, Variable Contracts    12/31/1984    Perpetual
Connecticut    Accident and Health, Life Non-Participating    03/21/1960    Perpetual
Delaware    Life, Health    04/01/1958    Perpetual
District of Columbia    Group Accident and HealthGroup Annuities (Fixed and Variable), Group Life, Individual Accident and Health, Individual Annuities (Fixed and Variable), Individual Life, and Life and Health    01/27/1984    Annual
Florida       Not qualified    Perpetual
Georgia    Life, Accident and Sickness    12/22/1953    Annual
Hawaii    Life    10/26/1985    Perpetual
Idaho    Life, Disability    11/26/1985    Perpetual
Illinois    Life, Accident and Health    12/27/1954    Annual
Indiana       Not qualified    Perpetual


PROVIDENT LIFE AND CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY – CONTINUED

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

Iowa    Accident only (individual), Accident and Health (Individual), Hospital and Medical Expense (Individual), Group Accident and Health, Non-cancelable Accident and Health, Life (includes Credit Life, Variable Life, Annuities, Variable Annuities, Group)    11/26/1984    Annual
Kansas       Not qualified    Perpetual
Kentucky    Life (includes Annuities) and Health    05/11/1973    Perpetual
Louisiana    Life, Health and Accident    10/23/1973    Perpetual
Maine       Not qualified    Perpetual
Maryland       Not qualified    Annual
Massachusetts    Life-All Kinds, Accident-All Kinds, Health-All Kinds    07/02/1955    Annual
Michigan       Not qualified    Perpetual
Minnesota       Not qualified    Perpetual
Mississippi    Life, Accident & Health    06/01/1974    Annual
Missouri    Life, Annuities and Endowments, Accident and Health    11/07/1955    Perpetual
Montana       Not qualified    Perpetual
Nebraska    Life, Sickness and Accident    08/03/1984    Annual
Nevada       Not qualified    Perpetual
New Hampshire    Life, Accident and Health    04/01/1954    Annual
New Jersey    Life, Health, Annuities    02/13/1953    Annual
New Mexico    Life, Health, Variable Annuities    10/23/1984    Perpetual
New York    Life Annuities, Accident and Health    11/13/1954    Annual
North Carolina    Life, including Industrial Sick Benefit Insurance, Annuities (excluding Variable Annuities), Cancelable and Non-Cancelable Accident and Health, including Hospitalization    05/28/1952    Perpetual


PROVIDENT LIFE AND CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY – CONTINUED

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

North Dakota    Accident and Health, Life and Annuity    08/23/1984    Perpetual
Ohio    Life, Health and Annuities    03/04/1959    Annual
Oklahoma    Life, Accident & Health    02/05/1986    Perpetual
Oregon       Not qualified    Perpetual
Pennsylvania    Accident and Health, Life and Annuities    07/24/1953    Annual
Puerto Rico       Not qualified    Annual
Rhode Island    Life, Annuities, Accident and Health    10/24/1974    Perpetual
South Carolina    Life, Accident and Health    11/09/1953    Perpetual
South Dakota    Life, Health    07/08/1987    Perpetual
Tennessee    Life, Disability    10/17/1951    Perpetual
Texas       Not qualified    Perpetual
Utah       Not qualified    Perpetual
Vermont       Not qualified    Perpetual
Virginia    Life, Credit Life, Annuities, Accident and Sickness, Credit Accident and Sickness    11/27/1953    Annual
Washington    Life, Disability    08/05/1985    Perpetual
West Virginia       Not qualified    Annual
Wisconsin       Not qualified    Perpetual
Wyoming       Not qualified    Perpetual


THE PAUL REVERE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

Alabama    Life, Health and Accident    03/14/1933    Perpetual
Alaska    Life, Disability, Annuities    01/02/1933    Perpetual
Arizona    Life, Disability    04/01/1932    Perpetual
Arkansas    Life, Health and Accident    03/01/1932    Perpetual
California    Life, Disability, Accident and Health    07/01/1933    Perpetual
Colorado    Ordinary, Group Life, Accident and Health, Annuity Contracts, Variable Annuities    03/01/1932    Perpetual
Connecticut    Accident and Health, Life Non-Participating    05/01/1932    Perpetual
Delaware    Life, Credit Life, Health, Credit Health    03/16/1932    Perpetual
District of Columbia    Group Accident and HealthGroup Annuities (Fixed and Variable), Group Life, Individual Accident and Health, Individual Annuities (Fixed and Variable), Individual Life, Life and Health    04/21/1932    Annual
Florida    Life, Group Life and Annuities, Credit Life/Health, Credit Disability, Accident and Health    03/01/1932    Perpetual
Georgia    Life, Accident and Sickness    03/01/1933    Annual
Hawaii    Accident and Health or Sickness Life    04/15/1932    Perpetual
Idaho    Life, Disability    09/04/1930    Perpetual
Illinois    Life, Accident and Health    07/01/1932    Annual
Indiana    Life, Accident and Health    01/01/1933    Perpetual


THE PAUL REVERE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY – CONTINUED

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

Iowa    Accident only (individual), Accident and Health (Individual), Hospital and Medical Expenses (Individual), Group Accident and Health, Non-cancelable Accident and Health, Life (includes Credit Life, Variable Life, Annuities, Variable Annuities, Group)    04/01/1932    Annual
Kansas    Life, Accident and Health    03/11/1932    Perpetual
Kentucky    Life, Annuities and Health    07/01/1931    Perpetual
Louisiana    Life, Accident and Health    03/31/1933    Perpetual
Maine    Life (Including Credit Life), Health (Including Credit Health)    10/30/1930    Perpetual
Maryland    Life, Accident and Health    07/01/1933    Annual
Massachusetts    Life-All Kinds, Variable Annuity Authorization, Health-All Kinds    07/10/1930   

Perpetual -

Domestic Only

Michigan    Life & Annuities, Disability    04/01/1932    Perpetual
Minnesota    Life (including Endowments and Annuities), Accident and Health    06/01/1932    Perpetual
Mississippi    Life, Accident & Health, Credit Life; Credit Accident & Health    03/01/1933    Annual
Missouri    Life, Accident and Health    03/01/1933    Perpetual
Montana    Life, Disability    04/01/1932    Perpetual
Nebraska    Life, Sickness and Accident    05/01/1932    Annual
Nevada    Life, Health and Accident    12/27/1932    Perpetual
New Hampshire    Life, Accident and Health    04/01/1933    Annual
New Jersey    Life, Health, Annuities    04/30/1932    Annual
New Mexico    Life and Health    03/01/1933    Perpetual
New York    Life, Annuities, Accident and Health    05/01/1932    Annual


THE PAUL REVERE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY – CONTINUED

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

North Carolina    Life insurance including Industrial Sick Benefit Insurance, Annuities (excluding Variable Annuities), Cancelable and Non-Cancelable Accident and Health insurance including Hospitalization    04/01/1933    Perpetual
North Dakota    Accident and Health, Life and Annuity    04/01/1931    Perpetual
Ohio    Life, Health, Annuities    04/01/1932    Annual
Oklahoma    Life, Accident, Health    03/16/1933    Perpetual
Oregon    Life, Health    12/01/1930    Perpetual
Pennsylvania    Accident, Health, Life and Annuities    04/01/1933    Annual
Puerto Rico    Reinsurance Only    Not qualified    Annual
Rhode Island    Life, Accident, Health, Annuities    04/01/1933    Perpetual
South Carolina    Life, Accident, Health    03/21/1992    Perpetual
South Dakota    Life, Accident, Health    05/01/1932    Perpetual
Tennessee    Life, Accident, Health, Disability    04/01/1932    Perpetual
Texas    Life, Accident, Health    03/30/1932    Perpetual
Utah    Life, Disability    03/01/1932    Perpetual
Vermont    Life including Endowments and Annuities, Accident, Health    04/01/1933    Perpetual
Virginia    Life, Credit Life, Annuities, Accident and Sickness, Credit Accident and Sickness    05/01/1933    Annual
Washington    Life, Disability    03/10/1933    Perpetual
West Virginia    Life, Accident, Sickness    03/01/1933    Annual
Wisconsin    Life (Non-participating), Disability    05/01/1933    Perpetual
Wyoming    Life, Disability    03/01/1933    Perpetual
Canada    Life, Personal Accident, Sickness    10/25/1950    Perpetual


THE PAUL REVERE VARIABLE ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

Alabama       05/15/1967    Perpetual
Alaska       Not qualified    Perpetual
Arizona    Life, Disability    06/23/1966    Perpetual
Arkansas    Life, Disability, Variable Contracts    09/09/1966    Perpetual
California    Life, Disability    09/22/1969    Perpetual
Colorado    Ordinary, Group Life, Accident and Health, Annuity Contracts, Variable Annuities    07/09/1969    Perpetual
Connecticut    Accident and Health, Life Non-Participating, Variable Annuities    05/11/1967    Perpetual
Delaware    Life, including Annuities, Variable Annuities, Health    08/03/1970    Perpetual
District of Columbia    Group Accident and HealthGroup Annuities (Fixed and Variable), Group Life, Individual Accident and Health, Individual Annuities (Fixed and Variable), Individual Life, Life and Health    07/28/1966    Annual
Florida    Life, Group Life and Annuities, Variable Annuities, Accident and Health    10/17/1966    Perpetual
Georgia    Life, Accident and Sickness (including Variable Annuity)    07/01/1969    Annual
Hawaii    Disability, Life    07/15/1970    Perpetual
Idaho    Life, Disability    09/23/1968    Perpetual
Illinois    Life, Accident and Health    07/01/1969    Annual
Indiana    Life, Accident and Health    08/29/1966    Perpetual
Iowa    Group Accident and Health, Life (includes Credit Life, Variable Life, Annuities, and Group)    11/04/1971    Annual
Kansas    Life, Accident and Health    08/25/1970    Perpetual
Kentucky    Life (including Annuities), Health    12/08/1969    Perpetual
Louisiana    Life, Health and Accident    04/20/1967    Perpetual


THE PAUL REVERE VARIABLE ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY – CONTINUED

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

Maine    Life (Including Credit Life), Health (Including Credit Health), Variable Annuity    01/23/1969    Perpetual
Maryland    Variable Annuities, Health, Life, including Annuities and Health (except Variable Life & Variable Annuities)    07/01/1970    Annual
Massachusetts    Accident-All Kinds, Health-All Kinds, Life-All Kinds    10/20/1965   

Perpetual –

Domestic Only

Michigan    Life & Annuities, Disability, Separate Account-Variable Annuities    05/28/1970    Perpetual
Minnesota    Variable Contracts    12/12/1967    Perpetual
Mississippi    Life, Accident & Health, Variable Contracts    06/01/1969    Annual
Missouri    Life (Annuities and Endowments), Accident and Health, Variable Contracts    07/01/1970    Perpetual
Montana    Life, Disability    08/03/1966    Perpetual
Nebraska    Life, Sickness and Accident, Variable Annuities    04/13/1967    Annual
Nevada    Life, Variable Annuity    08/15/1968    Perpetual
New Hampshire    Life, Accident and Health, Variable Products    05/22/1968    Annual
New Jersey    Life, Annuities, Variable Contracts    08/20/1970    Annual
New Mexico    Life and/or Health, and Variable Annuities    08/15/1966    Perpetual
New York       Not qualified    Annual
North Carolina    Life insurance including Industrial Sick Benefit Insurance, Annuities (excluding Variable Annuities), Cancelable and Non-Cancelable Accident and Health insurance including Hospitalization    07/01/1971    Perpetual


THE PAUL REVERE VARIABLE ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY – CONTINUED

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

North Dakota    Life, Accident and Health, Annuity, Credit Life & Health    07/12/1971    Perpetual
Ohio    Life, Health, Annuities    08/01/1967    Annual
Oklahoma    Life, Accident, Health, Variable    12/04/1968    Perpetual
Oregon    Life, Health    11/15/1967    Perpetual
Pennsylvania    Accident, Health, Life and Annuities, Separate Account Annuities    09/23/1969    Annual
Puerto Rico       Not qualified    Annual
Rhode Island    Life, Accident, Health, Annuities, and Variable Annuities    11/17/1966    Perpetual
South Carolina    Life, Accident, Health, Variable Annuity    01/13/1969    Perpetual
South Dakota    Life, Health, Variable Annuities    11/01/1968    Perpetual
Tennessee    Life, Disability, Variable Contracts    07/01/1969    Perpetual
Texas    Life, Accident, Health    10/08/1968    Perpetual
Utah    Life, Disability    02/10/1967    Perpetual
Vermont    Life including Endowments and Annuities, Accident, Health    07/25/1966    Perpetual
Virginia    Life, Annuities, Accident and Sickness, Variable Annuities    04/12/1966    Annual
Washington    Life, Disability    03/23/1966    Perpetual
West Virginia    Life, Accident, Sickness    08/09/1966    Annual
Wisconsin    Life (Non-participating) and Annuities, Variable Life and Annuities, Life Disability    10/21/1966    Perpetual
Wyoming    Life, Disability, Variable Contracts    06/30/1966    Perpetual


COLONIAL LIFE & ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

Alabama    Life, Health and Accident    03/06/1946    Perpetual
Alaska    Life, Disability, Annuities    05/14/1970    Perpetual
Arizona    Life, Disability    11/25/1964    Perpetual
Arkansas    Life, Disability    10/02/1956    Perpetual
California    Life, Disability    06/10/1968    Perpetual
Colorado    Ordinary, Group Life, Accident and Health, Annuity Contracts, Variable Annuities    06/17/1966    Perpetual
Connecticut    Accident and Health, Life Non-Participating    07/11/1972    Perpetual
Delaware    Life, Accident and Health    06/03/1957    Perpetual
District of Columbia    Group Accident and HealthGroup Annuities (Fixed and Variable), Group Life, Individual Accident and Health, Individual Annuities (Fixed and Variable), Individual Life, Life and Health    06/21/1961    Annual
Florida    Life, Group Life and Annuities, Accident and Health    10/04/1948    Perpetual
Georgia    Life, Accident and Sickness    12/03/1945    Annual
Hawaii    Disability, Life    01/22/1971    Perpetual
Idaho    Life, Disability    02/21/1963    Perpetual
Illinois    Life, Accident and Health    10/23/1962    Annual
Indiana    Life, Accident and Health    05/29/1957    Perpetual
Iowa    Accident Only (Individual), Accident and Health (Individual), Hospital and medical expense (Individual), Group Accident and Health, Non-cancellable Accident and Health, Life, includes credit life, variable life, annuities, variable annuities and group    06/25/1959    Annual
Kansas    Life, Accident and Health    07/02/1965    Perpetual


COLONIAL LIFE & ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY – CONTINUED

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

Kentucky    Life and Health    07/01/1948    Perpetual
Louisiana    Life, Health and Accident, Annuity    11/13/1956    Perpetual
Maine    Life (Including Credit Life), Health (Including Credit Health)    03/10/1970    Perpetual
Maryland    Accident, Group Accident, Non-cancellable Accident and Health, Life (Ordinary)    04/08/1957    Annual
Massachusetts    Accident-All Kinds, Health-All Kinds, Life-All Kinds    07/01/1971    Annual
Michigan    Life & Annuities, Disability    02/13/1964    Perpetual
Minnesota    Life (including Endowments and Annuities), Accident and Health    04/23/1963    Perpetual
Mississippi    Life, Accident & Health    09/07/1949    Annual
Missouri    Life, Accident and Health    03/01/1949    Perpetual
Montana    Life, Disability    12/17/1962    Perpetual
Nebraska    Life, Sickness and Accident    12/31/1958    Annual
Nevada    Life, Accident and Health    12/12/1962    Perpetual
New Hampshire    Life, Accident and Health    11/26/1973    Annual
New Jersey    Life, Health, Annuities    03/16/1960    Annual
New Mexico    Life, Health    08/20/1963    Perpetual
New York       Not qualified    Annual
North Carolina    Life insurance including Industrial Sick Benefit Insurance, Annuities (excluding Variable Annuities), Cancelable and Non-Cancelable Accident and Health insurance including Hospitalization    12/30/1944    Perpetual
North Dakota    Life, Accident and Health, Annuity, Credit Life & Health    11/01/1965    Perpetual
Ohio    Life, Health, Annuities    06/28/1966    Annual
Oklahoma    Life, Accident, Health    07/31/1958    Perpetual


COLONIAL LIFE & ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY – CONTINUED

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

Oregon    Life, Health    01/11/1963    Perpetual
Pennsylvania    Accident, Health, Life and Annuities    08/02/1950    Annual
Puerto Rico       11/09/1971    Annual
Rhode Island    Life, Accident, Health    10/21/1971    Perpetual
South Carolina    Life, Accident, Health    04/01/1939    Perpetual
South Dakota    Life, Health    12/18/1962    Perpetual
Tennessee    Life, Disability    05/01/1951    Perpetual
Texas    Life, Accident, Health    06/171959    Perpetual
Utah    Life, Disability    10/22/1964    Perpetual
Vermont    Life, Accident, Health    06/03/1963    Perpetual
Virginia    Life, Annuities, Accident and Sickness    07/02/1952    Annual
Washington    Life, Disability    01/29/1963    Perpetual
West Virginia    Life, Accident, Sickness    08/01/1957    Annual
Wisconsin    Life, Disability    10/25/1963    Perpetual
Wyoming    Life, Disability, Annuities    07/16/1963    Perpetual


FIRST UNUM LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

New York    Life, Annuities, Accident and Health    10/15/1959    Annual


TAILWIND REINSURANCE COMPANY

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

South Carolina    Special Purpose Financial Captive Insurance Company    6/20/2006    Perpetual


NORTHWIND REINSURANCE COMPANY

CERTIFICATES OF AUTHORITY

 

STATE

  

LINES OF BUSINESS

   DATE
QUALIFIED
  

RENEWAL

Vermont    Special Purpose Financial Captive Insurance Company    8/21/2007    Perpetual


Schedule 4.8

Subsidiaries

 

Subsidiary Name

  

Jurisdiction of

Organization

  

Persons Holding Equity Interests

and Percentage Ownership

First Unum Life Insurance Company    New York    Unum Group – 100%
Unum International Underwriters, Inc.    Delaware    Unum Group – 100%
Unum Life Insurance Company of America    Maine    Unum Group – 100%
Duncanson & Holt, Inc.    New York    Unum Group – 100%
Duncanson & Holt Services, Inc.    Maine    Duncanson & Holt, Inc. – 100%
Duncanson & Holt Canda Ltd.    Canada    Duncanson & Holt, Inc. – 100%
TRI-CAN Reinsurance Inc.    Canada    Duncanson & Holt Canada Ltd. – 100%
Duncanson & Holt Underwriters Ltd.    England    Duncanson & Holt, Inc. – 100%
Duncanson & Holt Europe Ltd.    England    Duncanson & Holt, Inc. – 100%
Duncanson & Holt Syndicate Management Ltd.    England    Duncanson & Holt, Inc. – 100%
Trafalgar Underwriting Agencies Ltd.    England    Duncanson & Holt Syndicate Management Ltd. – 100%
Unum European Holding Company Limited    England   

Unum Group – 80%

UnumProvident Finance Company – 20%

Unum Limited    England   

Unum European Holding Company Limited – 72%

UnumProvident Finance Company – 28%

Claims Services International Limited    England   

Unum European Holding Company Limited – 50%

Unum Limited – 50%

Group Risk Insurance Services Limited    England    Unum European Holding Company Limited – 100%
UnumProvident Finance Company    England   

Unum Group – 99%

Provident Investment Management, LLC – 1%

Colonial Companies, Inc.    Delaware    Unum Group – 100%
Colonial Life & Accident Insurance Company    South Carolina    Colonial Companies, Inc. – 100%
BenefitAmerica, Inc.    South Carolina    Colonial Companies, Inc. – 100%
UnumProvident International Ltd.    Bermuda    Unum Group – 100%
Tailwind Holdings, LLC    Delaware    Unum Group – 100%
Tailwind Reinsurance Company    South Carolina    Tailwind Holdings, LLC – 100%
Northwind Holdings, LLC    Delaware    Unum Group – 100%
Northwind Reinsurance Company    Vermont    Northwind Holdings, LLC – 100%
The Paul Revere Corporation    Massachusetts    Unum Group – 100%
The Paul Revere Life Insurance Company    Massachusetts    The Paul Revere Corporation – 100%
The Paul Revere Variable Annuity Insurance Company    Massachusetts    The Paul Revere Life Insurance Company – 100%
Provident Life and Accident Insurance Company    Tennessee   

Unum Group – 85.9%

The Paul Revere Life Insurance Company – 10.1%

Unum Life Insurance Company of America – 4.0%

Provident Life and Casualty Insurance Company    Tennessee    Unum Group – 100%

Provident Investment Management, LLC

   Tennessee    Unum Group – 100%


Schedule 7.2

Indebtedness

See attached.


Unum Group

Debt Balances

December 3, 2007

(in millions)

 

     12/3/2007

Long-term Debt:

  

Commercial paper

     —  

Long-term 7.00% notes payable, due 2015

     0.0

Long-term variable notes payable, due 2036    Tailwind

     115.0

Adjustable conversion rate equity units, 5.859%, due 2009

     150.0

Long-term 7.375% notes payable, due 2032

     39.5

Long-term 7.25% notes payable, due 2032

     —  

Long-term 6.75% notes payable, due 2028

     166.4

Long-term 7.25% notes payable, due 2028

     200.0

Long-term 7.00% notes payable, due 2018

     200.0

Long-term 6.85% notes payable, due 2015      UK

     333.5

Long-term 7.625% notes payable, due 2011

     225.1

Capital securities 7.405%, due 2038

     226.5

Medium-term 7.00% notes payable, due 2023

     2.0

Medium-term 7.08% notes payable, due 2024

     10.0

Medium-term 7.19% notes payable, due 2028

     25.0

Medium-term 7.19% notes payable, due 2028

     25.0

Long-term 5.997% notes payable, due 2008

     175.0

Long-term variable notes payable, due 2037    Northwind

     800.0
      

Total Long-term Debt

     2,693.1
      

Total Debt

   $ 2,693.1
      

Holding Company Only

     1,444.55


Schedule 7.3

Liens

None, other than Liens otherwise permitted under other exceptions to Section 7.3.

EX-12.1 4 dex121.htm STATEMENT REGARDING COMPUTATION Statement Regarding Computation

EXHIBIT 12.1

STATEMENT REGARDING COMPUTATION OF RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES

 

     Year Ended December 31  
     2007    2006    2005    2004     2003  
     (in millions, except ratios)  

Earnings

             

Income (Loss) from Continuing

             

Operations Before Income Tax and Cumulative Effect of Accounting Principle Change

   $ 997.2    $ 465.4    $ 693.9    $ (275.7 )   $ (452.4 )

Fixed Charges

     210.2      221.3      239.3      239.3       219.2  
                                     

Adjusted Earnings

   $ 1,207.4    $ 686.7    $ 933.2    $ (36.4 )   $ (233.2 )
                                     

Fixed Charges

             

Interest and Debt Expense

   $ 183.1    $ 191.8    $ 208.0    $ 207.1     $ 187.2  

Interest Credited to Policyholders

     10.7      11.5      13.8      14.2       16.7  

Amortization of Deferred Debt Costs

     5.0      6.1      7.8      7.3       5.4  

Portion of Rents Deemed

             

Representative of Interest

     11.4      11.9      9.7      10.7       9.9  
                                     

Total Fixed Charges

   $ 210.2    $ 221.3    $ 239.3    $ 239.3     $ 219.2  
                                     

Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges

     5.7      3.1      3.9      (a )     (a )

 

(a) Earnings were inadequate to cover fixed charges. The coverage deficiency totaled $275.7 million and $452.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.
EX-21 5 dex21.htm SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT Subsidiaries of the Registrant

EXHIBIT 21

SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT

 

 

Company Name

   State or Jurisdiction
of Incorporation

Unum Group

   Delaware

First Unum Life Insurance Company

   New York

Unum International Underwriters, Inc.

   Delaware

Unum Life Insurance Company of America

   Maine

Duncanson & Holt, Inc.

   New York

Duncanson & Holt Services, Inc.

   Maine

Duncanson & Holt Canada Ltd.

   Canada

TRI-CAN Reinsurance Inc.

   Canada

Duncanson & Holt Underwriters Ltd.

   England

Duncanson & Holt Europe Ltd.

   England

Duncanson & Holt Syndicate Management Ltd.

   England

Trafalgar Underwriting Agencies Ltd.

   England

Unum European Holding Company Limited

   England

Unum Limited

   England

Claims Services International Limited

   England

Group Risk Insurance Services Limited

   England

UnumProvident Finance Company plc

   England

Colonial Companies, Inc.

   Delaware

Colonial Life & Accident Insurance Company

   South Carolina

BenefitAmerica, Inc.

   South Carolina

UnumProvident International Ltd.

   Bermuda

The Paul Revere Corporation

   Massachusetts

The Paul Revere Life Insurance Company

   Massachusetts

The Paul Revere Variable Annuity Insurance Company

   Massachusetts

Provident Life and Accident Insurance Company

   Tennessee

Provident Life and Casualty Insurance Company

   Tennessee

Provident Investment Management, LLC

   Tennessee

Tailwind Holdings, LLC

   Delaware

Tailwind Reinsurance Company

   South Carolina

Northwind Holdings, LLC

   Delaware

Northwind Reinsurance Company

   Vermont
EX-23 6 dex23.htm CONSENT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP Consent of Ernst & Young LLP

EXHIBIT 23

CONSENT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP,

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:

 

  1. Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 33-47551, Form S-8 No. 33-88108) of Unum Group (formerly Provident Companies, Inc.) pertaining to the Provident Life and Accident Insurance Company MoneyMaker, A Long-Term 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan,

 

  2. Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-40219) pertaining to:

 

  a. The Paul Revere Savings Plan

 

  b. Provident Life and Accident Insurance Company Stock Plan of 1994

 

  c. Provident Life and Accident Insurance Company Annual Management Incentive Compensation Plan of 1994,

 

  3. Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 033-62231) pertaining to the Provident Life and Accident Insurance Company Employee Stock Purchase Plan of 1995,

 

  4. Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-81669) pertaining to:

 

  a. Provident Companies, Inc. Stock Plan of 1999

 

  b. Provident Companies, Inc. Non-Employee Director Compensation Plan of 1998

 

  c. Employee Stock Option Plan of 1998

 

  d. Amended and Restated Annual Management Incentive Compensation Plan of 1994,

 

  5. Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-81969) pertaining to:

 

  a. UnumProvident Corporation 1987 Executive Stock Option Plan

 

  b. UnumProvident Corporation 1990 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan

 

  c. UnumProvident Corporation 1996 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan

 

  d. UnumProvident Corporation 1998 Goals Stock Option Plan,

 

  6. Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-85882) pertaining to:

 

  a. UnumProvident Corporation Stock Plan of 1999

 

  b. UnumProvident Corporation 401(k) Retirement Plan (As amended on February 15, 2002)

 

  c. UnumProvident Corporation Broad-Based Stock Plan of 2001 (As amended on February 8, 2001)

 

  d. UnumProvident Corporation Broad-Based Stock Plan of 2002

 

  e. UnumProvident Corporation Employee Stock Option Plan,

 

  7. Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-100953) and the related Registration Statement filed under Rule 462(b)(No. 333-104926),

 

  8. Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-115485),

 

  9. Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-121758), and

 

  10. Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-123422) of Unum Group (formerly UnumProvident Corporation;

of our reports dated February 21, 2008, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedules of Unum Group and subsidiaries and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Unum Group and subsidiaries, included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.

/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP

Chattanooga, Tennessee

February 21, 2008

EX-24 7 dex24.htm POWER OF ATTORNEY Power of Attorney

EXHIBIT 24

POWER OF ATTORNEY OF DIRECTORS OF

UNUM GROUP

The undersigned directors of Unum Group, a Delaware Corporation, which proposes to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, under the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, an Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 each hereby constitutes and appoints Charles L. Glick, or Susan N. Roth, as his/her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution to do any and all acts and things and execute, for him/her and in his/her name, place and stead, said form and any and all amendments thereto and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and any and all such other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he/she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or their substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has each executed this Power of Attorney as of February 22, 2008.

 

/s/ E. Michael Caulfield     /s/ A.S. MacMillan, Jr.
E. Michael Caulfield     A.S. MacMillan, Jr.
/s/ Jon S. Fossel     /s/ Edward J. Muhl
Jon S. Fossel     Edward J. Muhl
/s/ Pamela H. Godwin     /s/ Michael J. Passarella
Pamela H. Godwin     Michael J. Passarella
/s/ Ronald E. Goldsberry     /s/ William J. Ryan
Ronald E. Goldsberry     William J. Ryan
/s/ Thomas Kinser     /s/ Thomas R. Watjen
Thomas Kinser     Thomas R. Watjen
/s/ Gloria C. Larson    
Gloria C. Larson    
EX-31.1 8 dex311.htm SECTION 302 CEO CERTIFICATION Section 302 CEO Certification

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Thomas R. Watjen, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Unum Group;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: February 25, 2008

    /s/ Thomas R. Watjen
    Thomas R. Watjen
    President and Chief Executive Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to Unum Group and will be retained by Unum Group and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-31.2 9 dex312.htm SECTION 302 CFO CERTIFICATION Section 302 CFO Certification

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Robert C. Greving, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Unum Group;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: February 25, 2008

    /s/ Robert C. Greving
    Robert C. Greving
    Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Actuary

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to Unum Group and will be retained by Unum Group and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.1 10 dex321.htm SECTION 906 CEO CERTIFICATION Section 906 CEO Certification

EXHIBIT 32.1

STATEMENT OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

OF UNUM GROUP

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

§ 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Unum Group (the Company) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2007 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), the undersigned, Thomas R. Watjen, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date: February 25, 2008

    /s/ Thomas R. Watjen
    Thomas R. Watjen
    President and Chief Executive Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to Unum Group and will be retained by Unum Group and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.2 11 dex322.htm SECTION 906 CFO CERTIFICATION Section 906 CFO Certification

EXHIBIT 32.2

STATEMENT OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

OF UNUM GROUP

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

§ 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Unum Group (the Company) on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2007 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), the undersigned, Robert C. Greving, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Actuary of the Company, certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

Date: February 25, 2008

    /s/ Robert C. Greving
    Robert C. Greving
    Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Actuary

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to Unum Group and will be retained by Unum Group and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

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-----END PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE-----