Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-8 of Neon Therapeutics, Inc. of our report dated March 2, 2018, except for the effects of the reverse stock split discussed in Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements, as to which the date is June 15, 2018, relating to the financial statements, which appears in Neon Therapeutics, Inc.’s Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-225330).

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

June 27, 2018