10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)
þ	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018
	Or
¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from                 to

Commission File Number 001-36688

Great Western Bancorp, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	47-1308512
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(IRS Employer Identification Number)
225 South Main Avenue Sioux Falls, South Dakota	57104
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(605) 334-2548

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes x    No   o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).   Yes x    No   o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer," “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer  x	Accelerated filer   o	Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company   o	Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes o    No   x

As of May 1, 2018, the number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding was 58,896,189.

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXPLANATORY NOTE
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	5
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)	5
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	42
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	73
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	74
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION	74
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	74
Item 1A. Risk Factors	74
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	75
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	75
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	75
Item 5. Other Information	75
Item 6. Exhibits	75
SIGNATURES	76
INDEX TO EXHIBITS	77

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EXPLANATORY NOTE

Except as otherwise stated or the context otherwise requires, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to:

• “we,” “our,” “us” and our “company” refers to Great Western Bancorp, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries;

• "our bank” refers to Great Western Bank, a South Dakota banking corporation;

• “NAB” refers to National Australia Bank Limited, an Australian public company that was our ultimate parent company prior to our initial public offering in October 2014 and, until July 31,2015, was our principal stockholder;

• our “states” refers to the nine states (Arizona, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota) in which we currently conduct our business;

• our “footprint” refers to the geographic markets within our states in which we currently conduct our business; and

• "FHLB" refers to Federal Home Loan Bank.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “can,” “could,” “may,” “predicts,” “potential,” “should,” “will,” “estimate,” “plans,” “projects,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expects,” "views," “intends” and similar words or phrases. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions, estimates and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

A number of important factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements, including those factors identified in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” or “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Report or the following:

• current and future economic and market conditions in the United States generally or in our states in particular, including the rate of growth and employment levels;

• our ability to anticipate interest rate changes and manage interest rate risk;

• our ability to achieve loan and deposit growth;

• the relative strength or weakness of the commercial, agricultural and real estate markets where our borrowers are located, including without limitation related asset and market prices;

• declines in asset prices and the market prices for agricultural products or changes in governmental support programs for the agricultural sector;

• our ability to effectively execute our strategic plan and manage our growth;

• our ability to successfully manage our credit risk and the sufficiency of our allowance for loan and lease loss;

• our ability to develop and effectively use the quantitative models we rely upon in our business;

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• our ability to effectively compete with other financial services companies and the effects of competition in the financial services industry on our business;

• operational risks or risk management failures by us or critical third parties, including without limitation with respect to data processing, information systems, cyber-security, technological changes, vendor problems, business interruption and fraud risks;

• fluctuations in the values of our assets and liabilities and off-balance sheet exposures;

• unanticipated changes in our liquidity position, including but not limited to changes in our access to sources of liquidity and capital to address our liquidity needs;

• possible changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies of, and other activities undertaken by, governments, agencies, central banks and similar organizations, including the potential negative effects of recently proposed tariffs on products that our customers may import or export, including among others, agricultural products;

• possible impairment of our goodwill and other intangible assets, or any adjustment of the valuation of our deferred tax assets;

• the effects of geopolitical instability, including war, terrorist attacks, and man-made and natural disasters;

• the impact of, and changes in applicable laws, regulations and accounting standards, policies and interpretations, including the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017;

• legal, compliance and reputational risks, including litigation and regulatory risks;

• our inability to receive dividends from our bank and to service debt, pay dividends to our common stockholders and satisfy obligations as they become due;

• expected cost savings in connection with the consolidation of recent acquisitions may not be fully realized or realized within the expected time frames, and deposit attrition, customer loss and revenue loss following completed acquisitions may be greater than expected;

• our ability to meet our obligations as a public company, including our obligations under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting; and

• other risks and uncertainties inherent to our business, including those discussed under the heading "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.

The foregoing factors should not be considered an exhaustive list and should be read together with the other cautionary statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017. If one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from what we anticipate. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update or review any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

	(Unaudited)
	March 31, 2018			September 30, 2017
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	168,357		$	170,657
Interest-bearing bank deposits	203,392			189,739
Cash and cash equivalents	371,749			360,396
Securities available for sale	1,307,598			1,367,960
Loans, net of unearned discounts and deferred fees, including $50,727 and $57,537 of loans covered by a FDIC loss share agreement at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively, and $920,965 and $1,016,576 of loans at fair value under the fair value option at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively, and $2,429 and $7,456 of loans held for sale at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively	9,338,306			8,968,553
Allowance for loan and lease losses	(65,139		)	(63,503		)
Net loans	9,273,167			8,905,050
Premises and equipment, including $1,109 and $5,147 of property held for sale at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively	107,048			112,209
Accrued interest receivable	49,353			53,176
Other repossessed property, including $86 and $0 of property covered by FDIC loss share agreements at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively	16,726			8,985
Goodwill	739,023			739,023
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	30,032			29,619
Net deferred tax assets	31,629			42,400
Other assets	65,992			71,193
Total assets	$	11,992,317		$	11,690,011
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Deposits
Noninterest-bearing	$	1,854,734		$	1,856,126
Interest-bearing	7,532,233			7,121,487
Total deposits	9,386,967			8,977,613
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	103,291			132,636
FHLB advances and other borrowings	551,003			643,214
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable	108,385			108,302
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	53,973			73,246
Total liabilities	10,203,619			9,935,011
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 500,000,000 shares; 58,896,189 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2018 and 58,834,066 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017	589			588
Additional paid-in capital	1,316,150			1,314,039
Retained earnings	494,312			445,747
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)	(22,353		)	(5,374		)
Total stockholders' equity	1,788,698			1,755,000
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	11,992,317		$	11,690,011

See accompanying notes.

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GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Six Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Interest income
Loans	$	109,993		$	99,481		$	217,674		$	199,413
Investment securities	7,013			6,538			14,055			12,916
Federal funds sold and other	227			219			458			565
Total interest income	117,233			106,238			232,187			212,894
Interest expense
Deposits	12,658			7,829			23,656			15,118
FHLB advances and other borrowings	2,815			1,567			4,978			2,953
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable	1,207			1,098			2,377			2,186
Total interest expense	16,680			10,494			31,011			20,257
Net interest income	100,553			95,744			201,176			192,637
Provision for loan and lease losses	4,900			4,009			9,457			11,058
Net interest income after provision for loan and lease losses	95,653			91,735			191,719			181,579
Noninterest income
Service charges and other fees	12,047			13,574			25,224			27,410
Wealth management fees	2,335			2,429			4,519			4,683
Mortgage banking income, net	1,166			1,640			2,826			4,302
Net (loss) gain on sale of securities	(8		)	44			(9		)	44
Net (decrease) in fair value of loans at fair value	(14,838		)	(5,216		)	(23,502		)	(69,218		)
Net realized and unrealized gain on derivatives	14,282			1,592			21,509			60,568
Other	3,758			1,426			4,849			3,357
Total noninterest income	18,742			15,489			35,416			31,146
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	33,672			32,370			66,539			64,004
Data processing and communication	9,190			6,879			16,074			13,595
Occupancy and equipment	5,290			5,123			10,138			9,946
Professional fees	4,027			3,559			8,267			6,394
Advertising	1,121			995			2,181			1,970
Net loss recognized on repossessed property and other related expenses	1,000			397			1,214			1,056
Amortization of core deposits and other intangibles	426			550			852			1,389
Acquisition expenses	—			—			—			710
Other	4,418			3,979			8,747			7,325
Total noninterest expense	59,144			53,852			114,012			106,389
Income before income taxes	55,251			53,372			113,123			106,336
Provision for income taxes	14,719			18,210			43,361			34,271
Net income	$	40,532		$	35,162		$	69,762		$	72,065
Basic earnings per common share
Weighted average common shares outstanding	58,941,315			58,788,802			58,921,972			58,769,662
Basic earnings per share	$	0.69		$	0.60		$	1.18		$	1.23
Diluted earnings per common share
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding	59,146,117			59,073,669			59,116,923			59,032,787
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.69		$	0.60		$	1.18		$	1.22
Dividends per share
Dividends paid	$	11,780		$	9,989		$	23,550		$	19,970
Dividends per share	$	0.20		$	0.17		$	0.40		$	0.34

See accompanying notes.

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GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Six Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Net income	$	40,532		$	35,162		$	69,762		$	72,065
Other comprehensive (loss) gain, net of tax:
Securities available for sale:
Net unrealized holding (loss) gain arising during the period	(12,425		)	1,815			(21,070		)	(19,653		)
Reclassification adjustment for net loss (gain) realized in net income	8			(44		)	9			(44		)
Income tax benefit (expense)	3,062			(673		)	6,345			7,485
Net change in unrealized (loss) gain on securities available for sale	(9,355		)	1,098			(14,716		)	(12,212		)
Defined benefit pension plan obligation:
Net unrealized holding gain arising during the year	—			—			145			—
Income tax (expense)	—			—			(55		)	—
Net change in defined benefit pension plan obligation	—			—			90			—
Other comprehensive (loss) gain, net of tax	(9,355		)	1,098			(14,626		)	(12,212		)
Comprehensive income	$	31,177		$	36,260		$	55,136		$	59,853

See accompanying notes.

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GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

	Comprehensive Income			Common Stock Par Value		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total
Balance, September 30, 2016				$	587	$	1,312,347	$	344,923		$	5,534		$	1,663,391
Net income	$	72,065		—		—		72,065			—			72,065
Other comprehensive (loss), net of tax	(12,212		)	—		—		—			(12,212		)	(12,212		)
Total comprehensive income	$	59,853
Stock-based compensation, net of tax				—		3,587		—			—			3,587
Cash dividends:
Common stock, $0.17 per share				—		—		(19,970		)	—			(19,970		)
Balance, March 31, 2017				$	587	$	1,315,934	$	397,018		$	(6,678	)	$	1,706,861
Balance, September 30, 2017				$	588	$	1,314,039	$	445,747		$	(5,374	)	$	1,755,000
Net income	$	69,762		—		—		69,762			—			69,762
Other comprehensive (loss), net of tax	(14,626		)	—		—		—			(14,626		)	(14,626		)
Total comprehensive income	$	55,136
Stock-based compensation, net of tax				1		2,111		—			—			2,112
Reclassification due to adoption of ASU 2018-02 ¹				—		—		2,353			(2,353		)	—
Cash dividends:
Common stock, $0.20 per share				—		—		(23,550		)	—			(23,550		)
Balance, March 31, 2018				$	589	$	1,316,150	$	494,312		$	(22,353	)	$	1,788,698
¹ Reclassification due to adoption of ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. See Note 2, New Accounting Pronouncements and Note 15, Income Taxes, for additional information.

See accompanying notes.

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GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(Dollars in Thousands)

	Six months ended
	March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017
Operating activities
Net income	$	69,762		$	72,065
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	5,943			7,984
Amortization of FDIC indemnification asset	1,689			1,981
Net loss on sale of securities and other assets	2,143			1,061
Gain on redemption of subordinated debentures	—			(111		)
Net gain on sale of loans	(3,314		)	(5,180		)
Provision for loan and lease losses	9,457			11,058
Reversal of provision for loan servicing rights loss	(71		)	(10		)
Stock-based compensation	2,112			3,587
Originations of residential real estate loans held for sale	(112,731		)	(137,061		)
Proceeds from sales of residential real estate loans held for sale	121,072			150,257
Net deferred income taxes	17,215			(328		)
Changes in:
Accrued interest receivable	3,823			5,841
Other assets	423			1,063
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities	(18,336		)	(77,655		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	99,187			34,552
Investing activities
Purchase of securities available for sale	(110,741		)	(183,678		)
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale	25,206			5,042
Proceeds from maturities of securities available for sale	122,436			122,760
Net increase in loans	(392,109		)	(36,433		)
Payment of covered losses from FDIC indemnification claims	(419		)	(218		)
Purchase of premises and equipment	(3,297		)	(2,830		)
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment	4,565			3,868
Proceeds from sale of repossessed property	2,050			3,453
Purchase of FHLB stock	(30,420		)	(4,240		)
Proceeds from redemption of FHLB stock	34,251			28,751
Net cash used in investing activities	(348,478		)	(63,525		)
Financing activities
Net increase in deposits	409,509			487,502
Net decrease in securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings	(29,345		)	(17,216		)
Proceeds from FHLB advances and other long-term borrowings	419,999			93,600
Repayments on FHLB advances and other long-term borrowings	(512,200		)	(700,000		)
Redemption of subordinated debentures	—			(3,625		)
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards	(3,769		)	—
Dividends paid	(23,550		)	(19,970		)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	260,644			(159,709		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	11,353			(188,682		)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	360,396			524,611
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	371,749		$	335,929
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash payments for interest	$	29,251		$	20,348
Cash payments for income taxes	$	23,980		$	37,350
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities
Loans transferred to repossessed properties	$	(11,005	)	$	(1,221	)

See accompanying notes.

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GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1. Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Policies

Nature of Operations

Great Western Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) is a bank holding company organized under the laws of Delaware and is listed on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol GWB. The primary business of the Company is ownership of its wholly owned subsidiary, Great Western Bank (the “Bank”). The Bank is a full-service regional bank focused on relationship-based business and agri-business banking inArizona, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota. The Company and the Bank are subject to the regulation of certain federal and/or state agencies and undergo periodic examinations by those regulatory authorities. Substantially all of the Company’s income is generated from banking operations.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature.

Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year endedSeptember 30, 2017, which includes a description of significant accounting policies. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year or any other period.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries after elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions. The preparation of unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported on the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated all events or transactions that occurred through the date the Company issued these financial statements. Other than those events described below, there were no other material events that would require recognition in the consolidated financial statements or disclosure in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

On April 26, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a dividend of $0.25 per common share payable on May 23, 2018 to stockholders of record as of close of business on May 11, 2018.

Correction of Prior Period Balances

The consolidated statements of income for the quarter ended March 31, 2017 have been revised to correct an immaterial classification error in interest income and noninterest income related to credit card interchange income. As a result, the consolidated statements of income have been revised to reflect these changes as follows.

	As originally reported		Adjustments			As revised
	(dollars in thousands)
Three months ended March 31, 2017
Interest income - loans	$	101,136	$	(1,655	)	$	99,481
Noninterest income - service charges and other fees	11,919		1,655			13,574
Six months ended March 31, 2017
Interest income - loans	$	202,818	$	(3,405	)	$	199,413
Noninterest income - service charges and other fees	24,005		3,405			27,410

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GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

	As originally reported		Adjustments			As revised
	(dollars in thousands)
Twelve months ended September 30, 2017
Interest income - loans	$	414,434	$	(7,152	)	$	407,282
Noninterest income - service charges and other fees	48,573		7,152			55,725
Twelve months ended September 30, 2016
Interest income - loans	$	370,444	$	(6,716	)	$	363,728
Noninterest income - service charges and other fees	46,209		6,716			52,925

The above revisions had no effect on net income, earnings per share, retained earnings or capital ratios. Periods not presented herein will be revised, as applicable, as they are included in future filings.

2. New Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows for the reclassification of stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("Tax Reform Act") from other comprehensive income to retained earnings. ASU 2018-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted ASU 2018-02 during the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 with period of adoption application. Upon adoption, the Company made a policy election to reclassify stranded tax effects of approximately $2.4 million from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which amends the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements in ASC 815 to improve the transparency and understandability of information conveyed to financial statement users about an entity’s risk management activities to better align the entity’s financial reporting for hedging relationships with those risk management activities and to reduce the complexity of and simplify the application of hedge accounting. ASU 2017-12 is to be applied to all existing hedging relationships on the date of adoption and will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period, with the effect of adoption reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU 2017-12 on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which addresses timelier recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations. ASU 2016-13 requires institutions to measure all expected credit losses related to financial assets measured at amortized costs with an expected loss model based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts relevant to affect the collectability of the financial assets, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss (CECL) model. ASU 2016-13 requires enhanced disclosures, including qualitative and quantitative requirements, to help understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as provide additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements. ASU 2016-13 will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted after December 15, 2018. The amendment requires the use of the modified retrospective approach for adoption. The Company has formed a project team to work on the implementation of ASU 2016-13 and is currently evaluating the potential impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires that lessees recognize the assets and liabilities arising from leases on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Lessees will be required to recognize an obligation for future lease payments measured on a discounted basis and a related right-of-use asset. ASU 2016-02 does not significantly change lease accounting requirements applicable to lessors; however, certain changes were made to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers." ASU 2016-02 will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements.

11-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10) - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which requires equity investments, in general, to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. It also eliminates the requirement to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value for financial instruments measured at amortized cost, requires entities to use the exit price notion when measuring fair value, requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the measurement category and form on the balance sheet or accompanying notes, clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available for sale securities in combination with the entity's other deferred tax assets, and simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values. ASU 2016-01 will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe ASU 2016-01 will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which implements a more robust framework that clarifies the principles for recognizing revenue and gives greater consistency and comparability in revenue recognition practices. In the new framework, an entity recognizes revenue in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for goods or services. The new model requires the identification of performance obligations included in the contract with customers, a determination of the transaction price and an allocation of the price to those performance obligations. The entity recognizes revenue when performance obligations are satisfied. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, which intends to improve the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, which clarifies guidance pertaining to the identification of performance obligations and the licensing implementation. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-11 and 2016-12, which further clarify guidance and provide practical expedients related to the adoption of ASU 2014-09. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The standard, along with subsequent guidance from FASB, lists several items that are specifically out of scope for ASU 2014-09, including but not limited to core interest income, derivative instruments, investments, and loan origination fees.

To address the new standard, the Company formed a working group and has completed the initial scoping phase to determine which revenue streams may be subject to accounting or disclosure changes upon adoption in October of 2018. Subsequent to this initial scoping, the Company selected a representative sample of contracts from the in-scope revenue streams for review under the amended guidance ("key contracts"). The review of key contracts is in process. Based on this preliminary analysis, we do not anticipate significant changes as a result of implementing the standard, but will conclude on the quantitative and qualitative impacts once we have completed our review of key contracts for any in-scope items over the coming months.

3. Securities Available for Sale

The amortized cost and approximate fair value of investments in securities, all of which are classified as available for sale according to management’s intent, are summarized as follows.

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
As of March 31, 2018
U.S. Treasury securities	$	178,563	$	—	$	(1,144	)	$	177,419
Mortgage-backed securities:
Government National Mortgage Association	452,297		47		(13,971		)	438,373
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation	218,838		3		(4,878		)	213,963
Federal National Mortgage Association	179,268		—		(4,591		)	174,677
Small Business Assistance Program	237,156		144		(4,036		)	233,264
States and political subdivision securities	70,513		10		(1,623		)	68,900
Other	1,006		—		(4		)	1,002
Total	$	1,337,641	$	204	$	(30,247	)	$	1,307,598

12-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
As of September 30, 2017
U.S. Treasury securities	$	228,039	$	579	$	(15	)	$	228,603
Mortgage-backed securities:
Government National Mortgage Association	511,457		228		(6,635		)	505,050
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation	169,147		75		(1,247		)	167,975
Federal National Mortgage Association	170,247		22		(1,287		)	168,982
Small Business Assistance Program	224,005		726		(1,001		)	223,730
States and political subdivision securities	73,041		187		(642		)	72,586
Other	1,006		28		—			1,034
Total	$	1,376,942	$	1,845	$	(10,827	)	$	1,367,960

The amortized cost and approximate fair value of debt securities available for sale as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Maturities of mortgage-backed securities may differ from contractual maturities because the mortgages underlying the securities may be called or repaid without penalty.

	March 31, 2018				September 30, 2017
	Amortized  Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized  Cost		Estimated Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	43,291	$	43,204	$	91,535	$	91,597
Due after one year through five years	189,787		187,741		193,117		193,373
Due after five years through ten years	15,876		15,252		16,306		16,097
Due after ten years	122		122		122		122
	249,076		246,319		301,080		301,189
Mortgage-backed securities	1,087,559		1,060,277		1,074,856		1,065,737
Securities without contractual maturities	1,006		1,002		1,006		1,034
Total	$	1,337,641	$	1,307,598	$	1,376,942	$	1,367,960

Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale were $25.0 million and $25.2 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and $5.0 million for both the three and six months ended March 31, 2017, respectively. Negligible gross gains (pre-tax) or gross losses (pre-tax) were realized on the sales for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 using the specific identification method. The Company recognized no other-than-temporary impairment for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Securities with an estimated fair value of approximately $920.6 million and $951.4 million at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively, were pledged as collateral on public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and for other purposes as required or permitted by law. The counterparties do not have the right to sell or pledge the securities the Company has pledged as collateral.

As detailed in the following tables, certain investments in debt securities, which are approximately 97% and 68% of the Company’s investment portfolio at estimated fair value at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively, are reported in the consolidated financial statements at an amount less than their amortized cost. Based on evaluation of available evidence, including recent changes in market interest rates, credit rating information, implicit or explicit government guarantees, and information obtained from regulatory filings, management believes the declines in fair value of these securities are temporary. As the Company does not intend to sell the securities and it is not more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the securities before the recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider the securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2018 or September 30, 2017.

13-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table presents the Company’s gross unrealized losses and approximate fair value in investments, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.

	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(dollars in thousands)
As of March 31, 2018
U.S. Treasury securities	$	148,360	$	(873	)	$	29,059	$	(271	)	$	177,419	$	(1,144	)
Mortgage-backed securities	314,049		(4,765		)	712,510		(22,711		)	1,026,559		(27,476		)
States and political subdivision securities	14,967		(109		)	49,249		(1,514		)	64,216		(1,623		)
Other	1,002		(4		)	—		—			1,002		(4		)
Total	$	478,378	$	(5,751	)	$	790,818	$	(24,496	)	$	1,269,196	$	(30,247	)

	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(dollars in thousands)
As of September 30, 2017
U.S. Treasury securities	$	10,003	$	(15	)	$	—	$	—		$	10,003	$	(15	)
Mortgage-backed securities	635,969		(5,425		)	241,368		(4,746		)	877,337		(10,171		)
States and political subdivision securities	21,705		(197		)	25,773		(444		)	47,478		(641		)
Other	—		—			—		—			—		—
Total	$	667,677	$	(5,637	)	$	267,141	$	(5,190	)	$	934,818	$	(10,827	)

As of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Company had 352 and 249 securities, respectively, in an unrealized loss position.

4. Loans

The composition of loans as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, is as follows.

	March 31, 2018			September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate	$	4,467,778		$	4,124,805
Agriculture	2,177,020			2,122,138
Commercial non-real estate	1,767,587			1,718,914
Residential real estate	866,982			932,892
Consumer	55,190			66,559
Other	41,816			43,207
Ending balance	9,376,373			9,008,515
Less: Unamortized discount on acquired loans	(23,501		)	(29,121		)
Unearned net deferred fees and costs and loans in process	(14,566		)	(10,841		)
Total	$	9,338,306		$	8,968,553

The loan segments above include loans covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement totaling $50.7 million and $57.5 million as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively, residential real estate loans held for sale totaling $2.4 million and $7.5 million at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively, and $921.0 million and $1.02 billion of loans accounted for at fair value at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.

Unearned net deferred fees and costs totaled $13.1 million and $11.6 million as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.

Loans in process represent loans that have been funded as of the balance sheet dates but not classified into a loan category and loan payments received as of the balance sheet dates that have not been applied to individual loan accounts. Loans in process totaled $1.5 million and $(0.8) million at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.

14-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Loans guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government totaled $170.3 million and $168.3 million at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.

Principal balances of residential real estate loans sold totaled $67.6 million and $53.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $117.8 million and $145.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Nonaccrual

Interest income on loans is accrued daily on the outstanding balances. Accrual of interest is discontinued when management believes, after considering collection efforts and other factors, the borrower’s financial condition is such that collection of interest is doubtful, which is usually at 90 days past due. Generally, when loans are placed on nonaccrual status, interest receivable is reversed against interest income in the current period. Interest payments received thereafter are applied as a reduction to the remaining principal balance as long as concern exists as to the ultimate collection of the principal. Loans are removed from nonaccrual status when they become current as to both principal and interest and concern no longer exists as to the collectability of principal and interest.

The following table presents the Company’s nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, excluding ASC 310-30 loans. Loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing interest as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, were $0.9 million and $1.9 million, respectively.

	March 31, 2018		September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans
Commercial real estate	$	26,343	$	14,693
Agriculture	86,758		99,325
Commercial non-real estate	10,146		13,674
Residential real estate	4,058		4,421
Consumer	88		112
Total	$	127,393	$	132,225

Credit Quality Information

The Company assigns all non-consumer loans a credit quality risk rating. These ratings are Pass, Watch, Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss. Loans with a Pass and Watch rating represent those loans not classified on the Company’s rating scale for problem credits, with loans with a Watch rating being monitored and updated at least quarterly by management. Substandard loans are those where a well-defined weakness has been identified that may put full collection of contractual debt at risk. Doubtful loans are those where a well-defined weakness has been identified and a loss of contractual debt is probable. Substandard and doubtful loans are monitored and updated monthly. All loan risk ratings are updated and monitored on a continuous basis. The Company generally does not risk rate consumer loans unless a default event such as bankruptcy or extended nonperformance takes place. Alternatively, standard credit scoring systems are used to assess credit risks of consumer loans.

15-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table presents the composition of the loan portfolio by internally assigned grade as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017. This table is presented net of unamortized discount on acquired loans and excludes loans measured at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings of $921.0 million at March 31, 2018 and $1.02 billion at September 30, 2017.

As of March 31, 2018	Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Commercial Non-Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Other		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade
Grade:
Pass	$	3,888,128	$	1,683,280	$	1,443,731	$	798,778	$	54,324	$	41,816	$	7,910,057
Watchlist	62,695		152,878		33,852		4,935		326		—		254,686
Substandard	62,784		123,714		19,552		7,152		235		—		213,437
Doubtful	113		5		2,756		126		—		—		3,000
Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Ending balance	4,013,720		1,959,877		1,499,891		810,991		54,885		41,816		8,381,180
Loans covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement	—		—		—		50,727		—		—		50,727
Total	$	4,013,720	$	1,959,877	$	1,499,891	$	861,718	$	54,885	$	41,816	$	8,431,907

As of September 30, 2017	Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Commercial Non-Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Other		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade
Grade:
Pass	$	3,519,689	$	1,577,403	$	1,369,803	$	853,266	$	65,673	$	43,207	$	7,429,041
Watchlist	80,195		157,407		31,878		4,158		187		—		273,825
Substandard	37,627		130,953		21,438		7,368		306		—		197,692
Doubtful	521		119		3,841		242		—		—		4,723
Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Ending balance	3,638,032		1,865,882		1,426,960		865,034		66,166		43,207		7,905,281
Loans covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement	—		—		—		57,537		—		—		57,537
Total	$	3,638,032	$	1,865,882	$	1,426,960	$	922,571	$	66,166	$	43,207	$	7,962,818

Past Due Loans

The following table presents the Company’s past due loans at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017. This table is presented net of unamortized discount on acquired loans and excludes loans measured at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings of $921.0 million at March 31, 2018 and $1.02 billion at September 30, 2017.

	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Financing Receivables
	(dollars in thousands)
As of March 31, 2018
Commercial real estate	$	3,308	$	67	$	22,319	$	25,694	$	3,988,026	$	4,013,720
Agriculture	2,387		371		26,498		29,256		1,930,621		1,959,877
Commercial non-real estate	3,665		1,190		5,223		10,078		1,489,813		1,499,891
Residential real estate	2,568		90		1,364		4,022		806,969		810,991
Consumer	140		3		44		187		54,698		54,885
Other	—		—		—		—		41,816		41,816
Ending balance	12,068		1,721		55,448		69,237		8,311,943		8,381,180
Loans covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement	1,283		217		588		2,088		48,639		50,727
Total	$	13,351	$	1,938	$	56,036	$	71,325	$	8,360,582	$	8,431,907

16-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Financing Receivables
	(dollars in thousands)
As of September 30, 2017
Commercial real estate	$	876	$	22,536	$	6,504	$	29,916	$	3,608,116	$	3,638,032
Agriculture	1,453		3,181		20,844		25,478		1,840,404		1,865,882
Commercial non-real estate	2,485		115		8,580		11,180		1,415,780		1,426,960
Residential real estate	1,428		76		951		2,455		862,579		865,034
Consumer	71		24		18		113		66,053		66,166
Other	—		—		—		—		43,207		43,207
Ending balance	6,313		25,932		36,897		69,142		7,836,139		7,905,281
Loans covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement	998		54		738		1,790		55,747		57,537
Total	$	7,311	$	25,986	$	37,635	$	70,932	$	7,891,886	$	7,962,818

Impaired Loans

The following table presents the Company’s impaired loans. This table excludes purchased credit impaired loans and loans measured at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings of $921.0 million at March 31, 2018 and $1.02 billion at September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018						September 30, 2017
	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance
	(dollars in thousands)
Impaired loans:
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate	$	48,532	$	49,799	$	7,248	$	20,819	$	24,893	$	3,621
Agriculture	63,293		73,823		10,465		79,219		88,268		11,468
Commercial non-real estate	14,747		18,140		4,320		17,950		28,755		4,779
Residential real estate	5,208		5,991		2,549		5,177		5,874		2,581
Consumer	217		225		74		280		287		86
Total impaired loans with an allowance recorded	131,997		147,978		24,656		123,445		148,077		22,535
With no allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate	13,335		52,866		—		16,652		69,677		—
Agriculture	61,643		66,567		—		51,256		64,177		—
Commercial non-real estate	14,110		23,372		—		13,983		38,924		—
Residential real estate	2,166		5,157		—		2,574		9,613		—
Consumer	14		133		—		13		950		—
Total impaired loans with no allowance recorded	91,268		148,095		—		84,478		183,341		—
Total impaired loans	$	223,265	$	296,073	$	24,656	$	207,923	$	331,418	$	22,535

17-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table presents the average recorded investment on impaired loans and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are as follows.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018				Three Months Ended March 31, 2017				Six Months Ended March 31, 2018				Six Months Ended March 31, 2017
	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate	$	66,577	$	477	$	44,807	$	545	$	56,875	$	2,053	$	47,873	$	1,215
Agriculture	121,062		1,189		128,919		1,326		124,200		2,171		119,892		3,193
Commercial non-real estate	30,350		325		46,304		358		30,878		776		47,477		780
Residential real estate	7,578		116		9,565		126		7,636		281		9,831		240
Consumer	238		4		389		12		256		8		391		27
Total	$	225,805	$	2,111	$	229,984	$	2,367	$	219,845	$	5,289	$	225,464	$	5,455

Valuation adjustments made to repossessed properties totaled $0.7 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 and $0.7 million and $0.9 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The adjustments are included in noninterest expense.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

Included in certain loan categories in the impaired loans are troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) that were classified as impaired. These TDRs do not include purchased credit impaired loans. When the Company grants concessions to borrowers such as reduced interest rates or extensions of loan periods that would not be considered other than because of borrowers’ financial difficulties, the modification is considered a TDR. Specific reserves included in the allowance for loan and lease losses for TDRs were $10.0 million and $8.8 million at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. There were $0.7 million commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were modified in a TDR as of March 31, 2018 and no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were modified in a TDR as of September 30, 2017.

The following table presents the recorded value of the Company’s TDR balances as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018				September 30, 2017
	Accruing		Nonaccrual		Accruing		Nonaccrual
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate	$	617	$	2,632	$	1,121	$	5,351
Agriculture	29,200		60,098		22,678		59,633
Commercial non real estate	7,647		3,916		8,369		5,641
Real estate	249		739		311		688
Consumer	83		—		11		21
Total	$	37,796	$	67,385	$	32,490	$	71,334

18-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table presents a summary of all accruing loans restructured in TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018					Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
		Recorded Investment					Recorded Investment
	Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification		Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate
Rate modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Agriculture
Rate modification	1	5,500		5,500		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		2	8,434		8,434
Payment modification	1	573		573		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total agriculture	2	6,073		6,073		2	8,434		8,434
Commercial non-real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		2	93		93
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial non-real estate	—	—		—		2	93		93
Residential real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total residential real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Consumer
Rate modification	1	73		73		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total consumer	1	73		73		—	—		—
Total accruing	3	$	6,146	$	6,146	4	$	8,527	$	8,527
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—

19-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table presents a summary of all accruing loans restructured in TDRs during the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Six Months Ended March 31, 2018					Six Months Ended March 31, 2017
		Recorded Investment					Recorded Investment
	Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification		Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate
Rate modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Agriculture
Rate modification	1	5,500		5,500		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		2	8,434		8,434
Payment modification	1	573		573		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total agriculture	2	6,073		6,073		2	8,434		8,434
Commercial non-real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		4	526		526
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial non-real estate	—	—		—		4	526		526
Residential real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		1	9		9
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total residential real estate	—	—		—		1	9		9
Consumer
Rate modification	1	73		73		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total consumer	1	73		73		—	—		—
Total accruing	3	$	6,146	$	6,146	7	$	8,969	$	8,969
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—

20-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table presents a summary of all non-accruing loans restructured in TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018					Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
		Recorded Investment					Recorded Investment
	Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification		Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate
Rate modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Agriculture
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	3	6,324		6,324		6	12,988		12,988
Payment modification	3	2,050		2,050		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total agriculture	6	8,374		8,374		6	12,988		12,988
Commercial non-real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial non-real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Residential real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total residential real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Consumer
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		3	21		21
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total consumer	—	—		—		3	21		21
Total non-accruing	6	$	8,374	$	8,374	9	$	13,009	$	13,009
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—

21-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table presents a summary of all non-accruing loans restructured in TDRs during the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Six Months Ended March 31, 2018					Six Months Ended March 31, 2017
		Recorded Investment					Recorded Investment
	Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification		Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate
Rate modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Agriculture
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	3	6,324		6,324		6	12,988		12,988
Payment modification	3	2,050		2,050		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total agriculture	6	8,374		8,374		6	12,988		12,988
Commercial non-real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial non-real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Residential real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		1	21		21
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total residential real estate	—	—		—		1	21		21
Consumer
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		3	21		21
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total consumer	—	—		—		3	21		21
Total non-accruing	6	$	8,374	$	8,374	10	$	13,030	$	13,030
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—

22-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table presents loans that were modified as TDRs within the previous 12 months and for which there was a payment default for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018			Three Months Ended March 31, 2017			Six Months Ended March 31, 2018			Six Months Ended March 31, 2017
	Number of Loans	Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Recorded Investment
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate	—	$	—	—	$	—	1	$	1,012	1	$	34
Agriculture	3	4,264		—	—		4	5,011		—	—
Commercial non-real estate	—	—		1	—		—	—		1	—
Residential real estate	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—
Consumer	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—
Total	3	$	4,264	1	$	—	5	$	6,023	2	$	34

A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 90 days or more contractually past due under the modified terms. The table above includes loans that experienced a payment default during the period, but may be performing in accordance with the modified terms as of the balance sheet date. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, there were $0.1 million and $2.1 million, respectively, and $0.6 million and $2.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, of loans removed from TDR status as they were restructured at market terms and are performing.

5. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

The allowance for loan and lease losses is determined based on an ongoing evaluation, driven primarily by monitoring changes in loan risk grades, delinquencies, and other credit risk indicators, which are inherently subjective. The Company considers the uncertainty related to certain industry sectors and the extent of credit exposure to specific borrowers within the portfolio. In addition, consideration is given to concentration risks associated with the various loan portfolios and current economic conditions that might impact the portfolio. The Company also considers changes, if any, in underwriting activities, the loan portfolio composition (including product mix and geographic, industry, or customer-specific concentrations), trends in loan performance, the level of allowance coverage relative to similar banking institutions and macroeconomic factors, such as changes in unemployment rates, gross domestic product, and consumer bankruptcy filings.

Changes to the allowance for loan and lease losses are made by charges to the provision for loan and lease losses, which is reflected on the consolidated statements of income. Past due status is monitored as an indicator of credit deterioration. Loans that are 90 days or more past due are put on nonaccrual status unless a repayment is eminent. Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged off against the allowance for loan and lease losses. Recoveries of amounts previously charged-off are credited to the allowance for loan and lease losses.

The allowance for loan and lease losses consist of reserves for probable losses that have been identified related to specific borrowing relationships that are individually evaluated for impairment (“specific reserve”), as well as probable losses inherent in our loan portfolio that are not specifically identified (“collective reserve”).

The specific reserve relates to impaired loans. A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due (interest as well as principal) according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Specific reserves are determined on a loan-by-loan basis based on management’s best estimate of the Company's exposure, given the current payment status of the loan, the present value of expected payments, and the value of any underlying collateral. Impaired loans also include loans modified in troubled debt restructurings. Generally, the impairment related to troubled debt restructurings is measured based on the fair value of the collateral, less cost to sell, or the present value of expected payments relative to the unpaid principal balance. If the impaired loan is identified as collateral dependent, then the fair value of the collateral method of measuring the amount of the impairment is utilized. This method requires obtaining an independent appraisal of the collateral and reducing the appraised value by applying a discount factor to the appraised value, if necessary, and including costs to sell.

Management’s estimate for collective reserves reflects losses incurred in the loan portfolio as of the consolidated balance sheet reporting date. Incurred loss estimates primarily are based on historical loss experience and portfolio mix. Incurred loss estimates may be adjusted for qualitative factors such as current economic conditions and current portfolio trends including credit quality, concentrations, aging of the portfolio, and/or significant policy and underwriting changes.

23-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables present the Company’s allowance for loan and lease losses roll forward for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2018	Commercial Real Estate			Agriculture			Commercial Non-Real Estate			Residential Real Estate			Consumer			Other			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance January 1, 2018	$	15,995		$	24,750		$	16,434		$	5,475		$	307		$	1,062		$	64,023
Charge-offs	(1,268		)	(783		)	(1,605		)	(20		)	(62		)	(557		)	(4,295		)
Recoveries	61			125			88			27			20			190			511
Provision	4,077			152			813			(341		)	14			281			4,996
Impairment (improvement) of ASC 310-30 loans	49			(115		)	—			(30		)	—			—			(96		)
Ending balance March 31, 2018	$	18,914		$	24,129		$	15,730		$	5,111		$	279		$	976		$	65,139

Three Months Ended March 31, 2017	Commercial Real Estate			Agriculture			Commercial Non-Real Estate			Residential Real Estate			Consumer			Other			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance January 1, 2017	$	16,623		$	28,519		$	13,443		$	6,786		$	340		$	1,056		$	66,767
Charge-offs	(1,824		)	(4,554		)	(1,734		)	(117		)	(31		)	(819		)	(9,079		)
Recoveries	286			118			121			56			15			392			988
Provision	2,096			2,237			119			210			47			351			5,060
(Improvement) of ASC 310-30 loans	(185		)	—			—			(866		)	—			—			(1,051		)
Ending balance March 31, 2017	$	16,996		$	26,320		$	11,949		$	6,069		$	371		$	980		$	62,685

Six Months Ended March 31, 2018	Commercial Real Estate			Agriculture			Commercial Non-Real Estate			Residential Real Estate			Consumer			Other			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance October 1, 2017	$	16,941		$	25,757		$	14,114		$	5,347		$	329		$	1,015		$	63,503
Charge-offs	(1,597		)	(2,981		)	(2,844		)	(275		)	(116		)	(1,091		)	(8,904		)
Recoveries	209			172			209			117			42			334			1,083
Provision	3,322			1,296			4,251			(11		)	24			718			9,600
Impairment (improvement) of ASC 310-30 loans	39			(115		)	—			(67		)	—			—			(143		)
Ending balance March 31, 2018	$	18,914		$	24,129		$	15,730		$	5,111		$	279		$	976		$	65,139

Six Months Ended March 31, 2017	Commercial Real Estate			Agriculture			Commercial Non-Real Estate			Residential Real Estate			Consumer			Other			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance October 1, 2016	$	17,946		$	25,115		$	12,990		$	7,106		$	438		$	1,047		$	64,642
Charge-offs	(1,824		)	(7,420		)	(3,693		)	(267		)	(110		)	(1,317		)	(14,631		)
Recoveries	385			144			219			262			30			576			1,616
Provision	549			8,481			2,433			(140		)	13			674			12,010
(Improvement) of ASC 310-30 loans	(60		)	—			—			(892		)	—			—			(952		)
Ending balance March 31, 2017	$	16,996		$	26,320		$	11,949		$	6,069		$	371		$	980		$	62,685

24-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables provide details regarding the allowance for loan and lease losses and balance by type of allowance as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017. These tables are presented net of unamortized discount on acquired loans and excludes loansof $921.0 million measured at fair value, loans held for sale of $2.4 million, and guaranteed loans of $161.5 million for March 31, 2018 and loans measured at fair value of $1.02 billion, loans held for sale of $7.5 million, and guaranteed loans of $168.3 million for September 30, 2017.

As of March 31, 2018	Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Commercial Non-Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Other		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	7,248	$	10,465	$	4,320	$	2,549	$	74	$	—	$	24,656
Collectively evaluated for impairment	10,950		13,664		11,410		2,444		205		976		39,649
ASC 310-30 loans	716		—		—		118		—		—		834
Total allowance	$	18,914	$	24,129	$	15,730	$	5,111	$	279	$	976	$	65,139
Financing Receivables
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	61,867	$	124,936	$	28,857	$	7,374	$	231	$	—	$	223,265
Collectively evaluated for impairment	3,846,737		1,808,883		1,407,897		804,298		54,120		41,816		7,963,751
ASC 310-30 loans	28,494		2,746		2,231		46,945		534		—		80,950
Loans Outstanding	$	3,937,098	$	1,936,565	$	1,438,985	$	858,617	$	54,885	$	41,816	$	8,267,966

As of September 30, 2017	Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Commercial Non-Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Other		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	3,621	$	11,468	$	4,779	$	2,581	$	86	$	—	$	22,535
Collectively evaluated for impairment	12,638		14,174		9,335		2,570		243		1,015		39,975
ASC 310-30 loans	682		115		—		196		—		—		993
Total allowance	$	16,941	$	25,757	$	14,114	$	5,347	$	329	$	1,015	$	63,503
Financing Receivables
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	37,471	$	130,475	$	31,933	$	7,751	$	293	$	—	$	207,923
Collectively evaluated for impairment	3,487,232		1,702,634		1,333,888		854,330		65,207		43,207		7,486,498
ASC 310-30 loans	30,099		7,174		1,920		52,736		666		—		92,595
Loans Outstanding	$	3,554,802	$	1,840,283	$	1,367,741	$	914,817	$	66,166	$	43,207	$	7,787,016

For acquired loans not accounted for under ASC 310-30 (purchased non-impaired), the Company utilizes specific and collective reserve calculation methods similar to originated loans. The required ALLL for these loans is included in the individually evaluated for impairment bucket of the ALLL if the loan is rated substandard or worse, and in the collectively evaluated for impairment bucket for pass rated loans.

The Company maintains an ALLL for acquired loans accounted for under ASC 310-30 as a result of impairment to loan pools arising from the periodic re-valuation of these loans. Any impairment in the individual pool is generally recognized in the current period as provision for loan and lease losses. Any improvement in the estimated cash flows, is generally not recognized immediately, but is instead reflected as an adjustment to the related loan pools yield on a prospective basis once any previously recorded impairment has been recaptured.

The ALLL for ASC 310-30 loans totaled $0.8 million at March 31, 2018, compared to $1.0 million at September 30, 2017.For the three and six months ended March 31, 2018, loan pools accounted for under ASC 310-30 had a net reversal of provision of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The net reversals of provision for the periods ended March 31, 2018 were driven by increases in expected cash flows. Net provision reversal for the three and six months ended March 31, 2017, totaled $1.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively. The net reversals of provision for the periods ended March 31, 2017 were a result of updated assumptions being applied to one of the acquired mortgage pools which resulted in higher than expected cash flows.

The reserve for unfunded loan commitments was $0.5 million at both March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017 and is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

25-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

6. Accounting for Certain Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality

In June 2010 and May 2016, the Company acquired certain loans that had deteriorated credit quality (ASC 310-30 loans or Purchased Credit Impaired loans). Several factors were considered when evaluating whether a loan was considered a purchased credit impaired loan, including the delinquency status of the loan, updated borrower credit status, geographic information and updated loan-to-values ("LTV"). Further, these purchased credit impaired loans had differences between contractual amounts owed and cash flows expected to be collected, that were at least in part, due to credit quality. U.S. GAAP allows purchasers to aggregate purchased credit impaired loans acquired in the same fiscal quarter in one or more pools, provided that the loans have common risk characteristics. A pool is then accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows.

Loan pools are periodically reassessed to determine expected cash flows. In determining the expected cash flows, the timing of cash flows and prepayment assumptions for smaller, homogeneous loans are based on statistical models that take into account factors such as the loan interest rate, credit profile of the borrowers, the years in which the loans were originated, and whether the loans are fixed or variable rate loans. Prepayments may be assumed on large individual loans that consider similar prepayment factors listed above for smaller homogeneous loans. The re-assessment of purchased credit impaired loans resulted in the following changes in the accretable yield during the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017			March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	41,918		$	39,758		$	44,131		$	38,124
Accretion	(3,664		)	(3,040		)	(7,045		)	(5,978		)
Reclassification from nonaccretable difference	(413		)	1,987			755			6,559
Balance at end of period	$	37,841		$	38,705		$	37,841		$	38,705

The reclassifications from nonaccretable difference noted in the table above represent instances where specific pools of loans are expected to perform better over the remaining lives of the loans than expected at the prior re-assessment date.

The following table provides purchased credit impaired loans at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018						September 30, 2017
	Outstanding Balance ¹		Recorded Investment ²		Carrying Value ³		Outstanding Balance ¹		Recorded Investment ²		Carrying Value ³
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate	$	105,489	$	28,494	$	27,778	$	110,797	$	30,099	$	29,417
Agriculture	5,813		2,746		2,746		10,463		7,174		7,059
Commercial non-real estate	10,001		2,231		2,231		9,825		1,920		1,920
Residential real estate	55,326		46,945		46,827		61,981		52,736		52,540
Consumer	668		534		534		798		666		666
Total lending	$	177,297	$	80,950	$	80,116	$	193,864	$	92,595	$	91,602
1 Represents the legal balance of ASC 310-30 loans.
2 Represents the book balance of ASC 310-30 loans.
3 Represents the book balance of ASC 310-30 loans net of the related allowance for loan and lease losses.

7. FDIC Indemnification Asset

Under the terms of the purchase and assumption agreement with the FDIC with regard to the TierOne Bank acquisition, the Company is reimbursed for a portion of the losses incurred on covered assets. As covered assets are resolved, whether it be through repayment, short sale of the underlying collateral, the foreclosure on or sale of collateral, or the sale or charge-off of loans or other repossessed property, any differences between the carrying value of the covered assets versus the payments received during the resolution process, that are reimbursable by the FDIC, are recognized as reductions in the FDIC indemnification asset. Any gains or losses realized from the resolution of covered assets reduce or increase, respectively, the amount recoverable from the FDIC.

26-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table represents a summary of the activity related to the FDIC indemnification asset for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Six Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	4,692		$	9,887		$	5,704		$	10,777
Amortization	(671		)	(1,114		)	(1,689		)	(1,981		)
Changes in expected reimbursements from FDIC for changes in expected credit losses	(76		)	(133		)	(94		)	(105		)
Changes in reimbursable expenses	(456		)	(299		)	(662		)	(538		)
Reimbursements of covered losses to the FDIC	189			30			419			218
Balance at end of period	$	3,678		$	8,371		$	3,678		$	8,371

The loss claims filed are subject to review, approval, and annual audits by the FDIC or its assigned agents for compliance with the terms in the loss sharing agreement. The commercial loss share agreement claim period ended on June 4, 2015. The non-commercial loss share agreement ends June 4, 2020.

8. Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its interest rate risk and market risk in accommodating the needs of its customers. The Company recognizes all derivatives on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value in either other assets or accrued expenses and other liabilities as appropriate. The following table presents the notional amounts and gross fair values of all derivative assets and liabilities held by the Company as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018							September 30, 2017
	Notional Amount		Gross Asset Fair Value		Gross Liability Fair Value			Notional Amount		Gross Asset Fair Value		Gross Liability Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps
Financial institution counterparties	$	1,039,100	$	17,185	$	(6,943	)	$	1,025,474	$	4,967	$	(22,737	)
Customer counterparties	118,606		1,602		(1,112		)	36,072		615		—
Mortgage loan commitments	27,499		3		—			37,765		—		(48		)
Mortgage loan forward sale contracts	27,398		—		(3		)	43,628		48		—
Total	$	1,212,603	$	18,790	$	(8,058	)	$	1,142,939	$	5,630	$	(22,785	)

Netting of Derivatives

We record the derivatives on a net basis when a right of offset exists, based on transactions with a single counterparty that are subject to a legally enforceable master netting agreement. When bilateral netting agreements or similar agreements exist between the Company and its counterparties that create a single legal claim or obligation to pay or receive the net amount in settlement of the individual derivative contracts, the Company reports derivative assets and liabilities on a net by derivative contract by counterparty basis. The following tables provide information on the Company's netting adjustments as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	Amounts offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
	Gross Fair Value			Fair Value Offset Amount			Cash Collateral			Net Amount Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
	(dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2018
Total Derivative Assets	$	18,790		$	(6,943	)	$	(9,015	)	$	2,832
Total Derivative Liabilities ¹	$	(8,058	)	$	6,943		$	(3	)	$	(1,118	)
1 In addition to the cash collateral, there were securities of $5.0 million posted as collateral for financial institution counterparties at March 31, 2018.

27-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

	Amounts offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
	Gross Fair Value			Fair Value Offset Amount			Cash Collateral		Net Amount Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
	(dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2017
Total Derivative Assets	$	1,850		$	(1,850	)	$	—	$	—
Total Derivative Liabilities ¹ ²	(19,005		)	1,850			—		(17,155		)
1 In addition to the cash collateral, there were securities of $25.0 million posted as collateral for financial institution counterparties at September 30, 2017.
2 There was an additional $2.3 million of collateral held for initial margin with our Futures Clearing Merchant for clearing derivatives at September 30, 2017 and is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

As with any financial instrument, derivative financial instruments have inherent risk including adverse changes in interest rates. The Company’s exposure to derivative credit risk is defined as the possibility of sustaining a loss due to the failure of the counterparty to perform in accordance with the terms of the contract. Credit risks associated with interest rate swaps are similar to those relating to traditional on-balance sheet financial instruments. The Company manages interest rate swap credit risk with the same standards and procedures applied to its commercial lending activities.

Credit-risk-related contingent features

The Company has agreements with its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company or the derivative counterparty fails to maintain its status as a well/adequately capitalized institution, then the other party has the right to terminate the derivative positions and the Company or the derivative counterparty would be required to settle its obligations under the agreements. The Company has minimum collateral posting thresholds with its Swap Dealers and Futures Clearing Merchant.

Beginning in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, the Company has entered into risk participation agreements ("RPA"s) with some of its derivative counterparties to assume the credit exposure related to interest rate derivative contracts. The Company's loan customer enters into an interest rate swap directly with a derivative counterparty and the Company agrees through an RPA to take on the counterparty's risk of loss on the interest rate swap due to a default by the customer. As of March 31, 2018, the amounts of these instruments were not material to the financial statements.

The effect of derivatives on the consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was as follows.

		Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Statements of Income
		Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Statements of Income	March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017			March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017
		(dollars in thousands)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	Net realized and unrealized gain on derivatives	$	14,282		$	1,592		$	21,509		$	60,568
Mortgage loan commitments	Net realized and unrealized gain on derivatives	2			158			3			53
Mortgage loan forward sale contracts	Net realized and unrealized gain on derivatives	(2		)	(158		)	(3		)	(53		)

9. The Fair Value Option for Certain Loans

The Company has elected to measure certain long-term loans at fair value to assist in managing the interest rate risk for longer-term loans. This fair value option was elected upon the origination of these loans. Interest income is recognized in the same manner as interest on non-fair value loans.

See Note 18 for additional disclosures regarding the fair value of the fair value option loans.

Long-term loans for which the fair value option has been elected had a net unfavorable difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate unpaid loan principal balance and written loan commitment amount of approximately $21.0 million at March 31, 2018 and a net favorable difference of approximately $8.8 million at September 30, 2017. The total unpaid principal balance of these long-term loans was approximately $942.0 million and $1.01 billion at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. The fair value of these loans is included in total loans in the consolidated balance sheets and are grouped with

28-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

commercial real estate, agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans in Note 4. As of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, there were loans with a fair value of $13.3 million and $14.7 million, respectively, which were greater than 90 days past due or in nonaccrual status with an unpaid principal balance of $14.8 million and $17.0 million, respectively.

Changes in fair value for items for which the fair value option has been elected and the line items in which these changes are reported within the consolidated statements of income are as follows for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018						Three Months Ended March 31, 2017						Six Months Ended March 31, 2018						Six Months Ended March 31, 2017
	Noninterest Income			Total Changes in Fair Value			Noninterest Income			Total Changes in Fair Value			Noninterest Income			Total Changes in Fair Value			Noninterest Income			Total Changes in Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
Long-term loans	$	(14,838	)	$	(14,838	)	$	(5,216	)	$	(5,216	)	$	(23,502	)	$	(23,502	)	$	(69,218	)	$	(69,218	)

For long-term loans, $1.4 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $0.3 million and $0.3 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, of the total change in fair value is attributable to changes in specific credit risk. The gains or losses attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk were determined based on an assessment of existing market conditions and credit quality of the underlying loan for the specific portfolio of loans.

10. Core Deposits and Other Intangibles

The following table presents a summary of intangible assets subject to amortization as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	Core Deposit Intangible			Brand Intangible			Other Intangible			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
As of March 31, 2018
Gross carrying amount	$	7,339		$	8,464		$	538		$	16,341
Accumulated amortization	(2,116		)	(5,546		)	(157		)	(7,819		)
Net intangible assets	$	5,223		$	2,918		$	381		$	8,522
As of September 30, 2017
Gross carrying amount	$	7,339		$	8,464		$	538		$	16,341
Accumulated amortization	(1,579		)	(5,264		)	(124		)	(6,967		)
Net intangible assets	$	5,760		$	3,200		$	414		$	9,374

Amortization expense of intangible assets was $0.4 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $0.9 million and $1.4 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

The estimated amortization expense of intangible assets assumes no activities, such as acquisitions, which would result in additional amortizable intangible assets. Estimated amortization expense of intangible assets in subsequent fiscal years is as follows.

	Amount
	(dollars in thousands)
Remaining in 2018	$	810
2019	1,538
2020	1,430
2021	1,334
2022	1,249
2023 and thereafter	2,161
Total	$	8,522

29-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

11. Loan Servicing Rights

Loan servicing rights are created when residential mortgage loans are sold in the secondary market with the seller retaining the right to service those loans and receive servicing income over the life of the loan. The Company acquired loan servicing rights as a part of the HF Financial acquisition. The actual balance of loans being serviced for others are not reported as assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

The following table is the activity for loan servicing rights and the related valuation allowance for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Six Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Loan servicing rights
Beginning of period	$	3,842		$	5,286		$	4,155		$	5,794
Additions	—			—			—			—
Amortization ¹	(246		)	(380		)	(559		)	(888		)
End of period	$	3,596		$	4,906		$	3,596		$	4,906
Valuation allowance
Beginning of period	$	(43	)	$	(8	)	$	(81	)	$	(13	)
(Additions) / reductions ¹	33			5			71			10
End of period	$	(10	)	$	(3	)	$	(10	)	$	(3	)
Loan servicing rights, net	$	3,586		$	4,903		$	3,586		$	4,903
Servicing fees received	$	435		$	525		$	872		$	1,073
Balance of loans serviced at:
Beginning of period	692,593			823,375			722,461			868,865
End of period	669,767			792,779			669,767			792,779
1 Changes to carrying amounts are reported net of loan servicing income on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the periods presented.

Amortization of servicing rights is adjusted each quarter based upon analysis of portfolio attributes and factors, including an evaluation of historical prepayment activity and prospective industry consensus data. An independent third party is utilized to calculate the amortization and valuation based upon specific loan characteristics, prepayment speeds generated from a validation model utilizing both empirical and market derived data and discount rates. At March 31, 2018, the constant prepayment rates (CPR) used to calculate the amortization averaged 10.4%. For valuation purposes, an average discount rate of 11.9% was utilized at March 31, 2018.Based on the Company's analysis of mortgage servicing rights, a negligible valuation reserve was recorded at March 31, 2018, and a $0.1 million valuation reserve was recorded at September 30, 2017.

12. Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase generally mature overnight following the transaction date. Securities underlying the agreements had an amortized cost of approximately $131.2 million and $139.3 million and fair value of approximately $126.7 million and $137.4 million at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. In most cases, the Company over-collateralizes the repurchase agreements at 102% of total funds borrowed to protect the purchaser from changes in market value. Additionally, the Company utilizes held-in-custody procedures to ensure the securities sold under repurchase agreements are unencumbered.

30-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables present the gross obligation by the class of collateral pledged and the remaining contractual maturity of the agreements at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018
	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30-90 Days		Greater than 90 Days		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Repurchase agreements
Municipal securities	$	3,024	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,024
Mortgage-backed securities	100,267		—		—		—		100,267
Total repurchase agreements	$	103,291	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	103,291

	September 30, 2017
	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30-90 Days		Greater than 90 Days		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Repurchase agreements
Municipal securities	$	3,626	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,626
Mortgage-backed securities	129,010		—		—		—		129,010
Total repurchase agreements	$	132,636	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	132,636

13. FHLB Advances and Other Borrowings

FHLB advances and other borrowings consist of the following at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018		September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Short-term borrowings:
Notes payable to FHLB, interest rates from 1.76% to 1.80% and matured dates in April 2018, collateralized by real estate loans, with various call dates at the option of the FHLB	$	350,000	$	512,200
FHLB fed funds advance, interest rate of 1.91% and maturity date in October 2018	75,000		75,000
Long-term borrowings:
Notes payable to FHLB, interest rates from 1.05% to 3.66% and maturity dates from April 2018 to July 2023, collateralized by real estate loans, with various call dates at the option of the FHLB	126,000		56,000
Total	551,000		643,200
Fair value adjustment ¹	3		14
Total FHLB advances and other borrowings	$	551,003	$	643,214
1 Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments related to the FHLB advances and notes payable assumed as part of the HF Financial acquisition.

The Company has a $10.0 million revolving line of credit which expires on July 28, 2018. The line of credit has an interest rate of one month LIBOR plus 200 basis points, with interest payable monthly. There is also an unused line fee of 0.15% on the unused portion which is payable quarterly. The interest rate was 3.88% at March 31, 2018. There were no outstanding advances on this line of credit at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

As of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Company had a borrowing capacity of $1.69 billion and $1.89 billion, respectively, with the Federal Reserve Board Discount Window ("FRB Discount Window"). Principal balances of loans pledged to FRB Discount Window to collateralize the borrowing totaled $2.00 billion at March 31, 2018 and $2.55 billion at September 30, 2017. The Company has secured this line for contingency funding.

As of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, based on its collateral pledged, the additional borrowing capacity of the Company with the FHLB was $1.47 billion and $1.55 billion, respectively.

31-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Principal balances of loans pledged to the FHLB to collateralize notes payable totaled $3.75 billion and $3.71 billion at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. In second quarter of fiscal year 2018, the Company purchased a letter of credit from the FHLB for $150.0 million which is pledged as collateral on public deposits. This letter of credit is committed until January 29, 2019.

As of March 31, 2018, FHLB advances and other borrowings are due or callable (whichever is earlier) in subsequent fiscal years as follows.

	Amount
	(dollars in thousands)
Remaining in 2018	$	381,000
2019	75,000
2020	70,000
2021	—
2022	—
2023 and thereafter	25,000
Total	$	551,000

14. Subordinated Debentures and Subordinated Notes Payable

Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures

The Company has seven trusts which were created or assumed as part of prior acquisitions that as of March 31, 2018 have issued and outstanding 73,400 shares, $1,000 par value, of Company Obligated Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Securities (the "Preferred Securities"). These seven trusts were established and exist for the sole purpose of issuing Preferred Securities and investing the proceeds in junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (the "Debentures") issued by the Company. The Debentures constitute the sole assets of the seven trusts. The Preferred Securities provide for cumulative cash distributions calculated at a rate based on three month LIBOR plus a range from 1.48% to 3.35% adjusted quarterly. The Company may, at one or more times, defer interest payments on the Debentures for up to 20 consecutive quarters following suspension of dividends on all capital stock, but not beyond the respective maturity date. At the end of any deferral period, all accumulated and unpaid interest must be paid. The Debentures have redemption dates ranging from January 7, 2033 to October 1, 2037; however, the Company has the option to shorten the respective maturity date for all seven Preferred Securities as the call option date has passed. Holders of the Preferred Securities have no voting rights. The Preferred Securities are unsecured and rank junior in priority of the payment to all of the Company's indebtedness and senior to the Company's common and preferred stock. The trusts’ ability to pay amounts due on the Preferred Securities is solely dependent upon the Company making payment on the related Debentures. The Company’s obligation under the Debentures and relevant trust agreements constitute a full, irrevocable, and unconditional guarantee on a subordinated basis by it of the obligations of the trusts under the Preferred Securities.

For regulatory purposes, the Debentures qualify as elements of capital. As of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, $73.6 million and $73.5 million of Debentures were eligible for treatment as Tier 1 capital, respectively.

Relating to the trusts, the Company held as assets $2.5 million in common shares at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017 which are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

32-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Subordinated Notes Payable

In 2015, the Company issued $35.0 million of 4.875% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes that mature on August 15, 2025 through a private placement. The notes, which qualify as Tier 2 capital under capital rules in effect at March 31, 2018, have an interest rate of 4.875% per annum, payable semi-annually on each February 15 and August 15, which commenced on February 15, 2016 until August 15, 2020, to but excluding the maturity date or date of earlier redemption, the notes will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to three-month LIBOR for the related interest period plus 3.15%, payable quarterly on each November 15, February 15, April 15 and August 15. The notes are subordinated in right of payment to all of the Company's senior indebtedness and effectively subordinated to all existing and future debt and all other liabilities of the Company's subsidiary bank. The Company may elect to redeem the notes (subject to regulatory approval), in whole or in part, on any early redemption date which is any interest payment date on or after August 15, 2020 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest. Other than on an early redemption date, the notes cannot be accelerated except in the event of bankruptcy or the occurrence of certain other events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization. Unamortized debt issuance costs related to these notes, which are included in Subordinated Debentures and Subordinated Notes Payable, totaled $0.2 million at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017. Proceeds from the private placement of subordinated notes repaid outstanding subordinated debt.

Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable are summarized as follows.

	March 31, 2018					September 30, 2017
	Amount Outstanding			Common Shares Held in Other Assets		Amount Outstanding			Common Shares Held in Other Assets
	(dollars in thousands)
Junior subordinated debentures payable to nonconsolidated trusts
GW Statutory Trust IV, variable rate of 2.85%, plus 3 month LIBOR	$	23,093		$	693	$	23,093		$	693
GW Statutory Trust VI, variable rate of 1.48%, plus 3 month LIBOR	30,928			928		30,928			928
SSB Trust II, variable rate of 1.85%, plus 3 month LIBOR	2,062			62		2,062			62
HF Capital Trust III, variable rate of 3.35%, plus 3 month LIBOR	5,155			155		5,155			155
HF Capital Trust IV, variable rate of 3.10%, plus 3 month LIBOR	7,217			217		7,217			217
HF Capital Trust V, variable rate of 1.83%, plus 3 month LIBOR	5,310			310		5,310			310
HF Capital Trust VI, variable rate of 1.65%, plus 3 month LIBOR	2,155			155		2,155			155
Total junior subordinated debentures payable	75,920			$	2,520	75,920			$	2,520
Less: fair value adjustment ¹	(2,363		)			(2,409		)
Total junior subordinated debentures payable, net of fair value adjustment	73,557					73,511
Subordinated notes payable
Fixed to floating rate, 4.875% per annum	35,000					35,000
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	(172		)			(209		)
Total subordinated notes payable	34,828					34,791
Total subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable	$	108,385				$	108,302
1 Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments related to the junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures assumed as part of the HF Financial acquisition.

33-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

15. Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes charged to operations consists of the following for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Six Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017			2018		2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Currently paid or payable
Federal	$	11,791		$	16,789		$	20,752	$	29,942
State	2,939			2,337			5,394		4,701
Total	14,730			19,126			26,146		34,643
Deferred tax expense
Federal	74			(1,044		)	16,838		(566		)
State	(85		)	128			377		194
Total	(11		)	(916		)	17,215		(372		)
Total provision for income taxes	$	14,719		$	18,210		$	43,361	$	34,271

The income tax provision differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 24.5% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 35% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2017 to pretax income due to the following.

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Six Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Income tax expense computed at the statutory rate	$	13,552		$	18,679		$	27,748		$	37,217
Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	2,154			1,602			4,356			3,182
Tax exempt interest income	(1,415		)	(1,996		)	(2,786		)	(4,034		)
Impact of enacted federal income tax rate reduction	—			—			13,586			—
Other	428			(75		)	457			(2,094		)
Income tax expense, as reported	$	14,719		$	18,210		$	43,361		$	34,271

Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) consist of the following components at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018			September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for loan and lease losses	$	16,311		$	23,730
Compensation	3,246			6,227
Securities available for sale	7,406			3,413
Other real estate owned	505			763
Core deposit intangible and other fair value adjustments	4,235			6,058
Excess tax basis of FDIC indemnification asset and clawback liability	3,574			4,563
Excess tax basis of loans acquired over carrying value	5,959			9,417
Other reserves	2,810			4,406
Other	4,988			6,922
Total deferred tax assets	49,034			65,499
Deferred tax liabilities:
Goodwill and other intangibles	(11,518		)	(13,784		)
Premises and equipment	(5,590		)	(8,828		)
Other	(297		)	(487		)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(17,405		)	(23,099		)
Net deferred tax assets	$	31,629		$	42,400

34-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

At March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Company had an income tax receivable to the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") of $1.3 million and $4.6 million, respectively, which is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2014.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Tax Reform Act"), was enacted into law. Beginning in 2018, the Tax Reform Act reduces the federal tax rate for corporations from 35% to 21% and changes or limits certain tax deductions. Because of the Company's September 30 fiscal year end, a blended statutory rate of 24.5% is applied to all net income before taxes generated during the current fiscal year. The new blended statutory rate reduced the provision for income taxes by approximately $4.8 million and $9.8 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018, respectively. Another result of the lower corporate tax rate this fiscal year was the Company recording a revaluation discrete tax adjustment of $13.6 million to reduce its net deferred tax assets, which increased the provision for income taxes last quarter. The actual impact of the revaluing deferred taxes may vary from the estimated charge to provision of $13.6 million due to uncertainties in our preliminary estimates and the effect of further clarification of the new law that cannot be estimated at this time.

The Company adopted new accounting guidance in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 that allows reclassification of $2.4 million in stranded tax effects that relate to a change in the federal tax rate from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings.

The Bank's effective tax rate for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 was 26.6% and 38.3%, respectively, compared to 34.1% and 32.2% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2017, respectively. Excluding the nonrecurring deferred taxes adjustment related to federal tax reform, the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 effective tax rate was 26.6% and 26.3%, respectively.

Uncertain tax positions were not significant at March 31, 2018 or September 30, 2017.

16. Employee Benefit Plans

Profit Sharing Plan

The Company participates in a multiple employer 401(k) profit sharing plan ("the 401(k) Plan"). All employees are eligible to participate, beginning with the first day of the month coincident with or immediately following the completion of one year of service and having reached the age of 21. In addition to employee contributions, the Company may contribute discretionary amounts for eligible participants. Contribution rates for participating employees must be equal. The Company contributed $1.2 million and $1.3 million to the 401(k) Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $3.0 million and $2.9 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Defined Benefit Plan

The Company acquired a noncontributory (cash balance) defined benefit pension plan ("the Pension Plan") from HF Financial which covers former employees of HF Financial and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Effective July 1, 2015, the Pension Plan was frozen which eliminates future contributions for qualified individuals.

On November 27, 2017, the Company's Board of Directors voted to terminate the Pension Plan effective February 1, 2018. In order to settle its liabilities under the Pension Plan, the Company has offered participants the option to receive either an annuity purchased from an insurance carrier or a lump-sum cash payment. If the total $2.9 million value of the Pension Plan's cash assets is insufficient to cover the lump-sum payouts and annuity purchases, the Company will contribute the necessary funds to complete the termination of the Pension Plan. In addition to plan assets, the Company has a $2.4 million pension liability recorded as of March 31, 2018. The required final contribution is subject to a number of factors, including changes in interest rates and the exact proportion of participants electing a lump-sum distribution versus an annuity. The Company estimates that the total benefit payments will be $5.4 million as part of Pension Plan termination. At this time, the Company is unable to estimate the net income or expense associated with terminating the Pension Plan, but believes the amount will not be material to the financial statements.

The Company anticipates completing the transfer of all liabilities and administrative responsibilities under the Pension Plan by the end of fiscal third quarter 2018. Once this process is complete, the Company will no longer have any remaining pension obligations and thus no periodic pension expense.

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GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

17. Stock-Based Compensation

On September 26, 2014, the Board of Directors adopted, and on October 10, 2014, NAB, at that time our controlling shareholder, approved the Great Western Bancorp, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2014 Plan”), the Great Western Bancorp, Inc. 2014 Non-Employee Director Plan (the “2014 Director Plan”), and the Great Western Bancorp, Inc. Executive Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Bonus Plan”), collectively ("the Plans"), which provide for the issuance of restricted share units and performance based share units to certain officers, employees and directors of the Company. On February 22, 2018, our stockholders approved amendments to the 2014 Plan and the 2014 Director Plan to increase the number of shares available for future grants under the Plans. The Plans were primarily established to enhance the Company’s ability to attract, retain and motivate employees. The Company’s Board of Directors, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors ("Compensation Committee"), or executive management upon delegation of the Compensation Committee has exclusive authority to select the employees and others, including directors, to receive the awards and to establish the terms and conditions of each award made pursuant to the Company’s stock-based compensation plans.

Stock units issued under the Company’s restricted and performance based stock plans may not be sold or otherwise transferred until the vesting period (typically 3 years) has been met and/or performance objectives have been obtained. During the vesting periods, participants do not have voting rights and dividends are accumulated until the time upon which the award vests. Upon specified events, as defined in the Plans, stock unit awards that have not vested and/or performance hurdles that have not been met will be forfeited.

Based on the substantive terms of each award, restricted and performance-based awards are classified as equity awards and accounted for under the treasury stock method. The fair value of equity-classified awards is based on the market price of the stock on the measurement date and is amortized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting or performance period.

Stock compensation is recognized based on the number of awards to vest using actual forfeiture amounts. For performance-based stock awards, an estimate is made of the number of shares expected to vest as a result of actual performance against the performance targets to determine the amount of compensation expense to be recognized. The estimate is reevaluated quarterly and total compensation expense is adjusted for any change in the current period. Stock-based compensation expense is included in salaries and employee benefits expense in the consolidated statements of income. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, stock compensation expense was $1.4 million and $2.0 million, respectively, and $2.9 million and $3.6 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Related income tax benefits recognized were $0.4 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $1.0 million and $1.4 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following is a summary of the Plans’ restricted share and performance-based stock award activity as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017. The number of performance shares granted in the following table are reflected at the amount of achievement of the pre-established targets.

	March 31, 2018					September 30, 2017
	Common Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Common Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Restricted Shares
Restricted shares, beginning of fiscal year	180,337			$	33.06	160,335			$	26.89
Granted	89,003			41.07		90,363			39.35
Vested	(81,999		)	32.12		(68,293		)	26.97
Forfeited	(1,959		)	40.30		(2,068		)	30.91
Canceled	—			—		—			—
Restricted shares, end of period	185,382			$	37.25	180,337			$	33.06
Vested, but not issuable at end of period	39,514			$	32.90	29,287			$	30.05
Performance Shares
Performance shares, beginning of fiscal year	133,604			$	33.39	236,185			$	20.28
Granted	56,149			28.92		137,612			39.43
Vested	—			—		(235,055		)	18.00
Forfeited	(2,178		)	39.71		(5,138		)	19.80
Canceled	—			—		—			—
Performance shares, end of period	$	187,575		$	35.63	$	133,604		$	33.39
Vested, but not issuable at end of period	5,612			$	18.00	5,612			$	18.00

As of March 31, 2018, there was $7.8 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock awards expected to be recognized over a period of 2.7 years. The fair value of the vested, but not issued stock awards at March 31, 2018, was $1.8 million.

18. Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures, monitors and discloses certain of its assets and liabilities on a fair value basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The guidance describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are as follows.

Level 1    Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities

Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities

Level 1 inputs are considered to be the most transparent and reliable and Level 3 inputs are considered to be the least transparent and reliable. The Company assumes the use of the principal market to conduct a transaction of each particular asset or liability being measured and then considers the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. Whenever possible, the Company first looks for quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets (Level 1 inputs) to value each asset or liability. However, when inputs from identical assets or liabilities on active markets are not available, the Company utilizes market observable data for similar assets and liabilities. The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and limits the use of unobservable inputs to occasions when observable inputs are not available. The need to use unobservable inputs generally results from the lack of market liquidity of the actual financial instrument or of the underlying collateral. Although in some instances, third party price indications may be available, limited trading activity can challenge the observability of these quotations.

37-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies and inputs used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets and liabilities pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

Securities Available for Sale

Where quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities include U.S. Treasury securities. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows and classified as Level 2 securities. Level 2 securities include mortgage-backed, states and political subdivisions, and other securities. Where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. Level 3 securities were immaterial at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

Interest Rate Swaps and Loans

Interest rate swaps are valued by the Company's Swap Dealers using cash flow valuation techniques with observable market data inputs. The fair value of loans accounted for under the fair value option represents the net carrying value of the loan, plus the equal and opposite amount of the value of the swap needed to hedge the interest rate risk and an adjustment for credit risk based on our assessment of existing market conditions for the specific portfolio of loans. This is used due to the strict prepayment penalties put in the loan terms to cover the cost of exiting the hedge of the loans in the case of early prepayment or termination. The adjustment for credit risk on loans accounted for under the fair value option is not significant to the overall fair value of the loans. The fair values estimated by the Company's Swap Dealers use interest rates that are observable or that can be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. The Company has entered into Collateral Agreements with its Swap Dealers and Futures Clearing Merchant which entitle it to receive collateral to cover market values on derivatives which are in asset position, thus a credit risk adjustment on interest rate swaps is not warranted. The Company regularly enters into interest rate lock commitments on mortgage loans to be held for sale with corresponding forward sales contracts related to these interest rate lock commitments, the fair values of which are calculated by applying observable market values from Fannie Mae TBA pricing to each interest rate lock commitment and forward sales contract, therefore, are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. The Company also has back-to-back swaps with loan customers, with corresponding swaps with an outside third party in exact offsetting terms.

The following table presents the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(dollars in thousands)
As of March 31, 2018
U.S. Treasury securities	$	177,419	$	177,419	$	—	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities	1,060,277		—		1,060,277		—
States and political subdivision securities	68,900		—		67,935		965
Other	1,002		—		1,002		—
Total securities available for sale	$	1,307,598	$	177,419	$	1,129,214	$	965
Derivatives-assets	$	2,832	$	—	$	2,832	$	—
Derivatives-liabilities	1,118		—		1,118		—
Fair value loans	920,965		—		920,965		—

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GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(dollars in thousands)
As of September 30, 2017
U.S. Treasury securities	$	228,603	$	228,603	$	—	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities	1,065,737		—		1,065,737		—
States and political subdivision securities	72,586		—		71,517		1,069
Other	1,034		—		1,034		—
Total securities available for sale	$	1,367,960	$	228,603	$	1,138,288	$	1,069
Derivatives-assets	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Derivatives-liabilities	17,155		—		17,155		—
Fair value loans	1,016,576		—		1,016,576		—

The following table presents the changes in Level 3 financial instruments for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	March 31, 2018		March 31, 2017		March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	965	$	1,224	$	1,069		$	1,315
Principal paydown	—		—		(104		)	(91		)
Balance, end of period	$	965	$	1,224	$	965		$	1,224

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets and liabilities pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

Other Repossessed Property

Other repossessed property consists of loan collateral that has been repossessed through foreclosure. This collateral is comprised of commercial and residential real estate and other repossessed assets. Other repossessed property is recorded initially at fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are updated periodically, and the assets may be marked down further to fair value less selling costs, reflecting a valuation allowance. Fair value measurements may be based upon appraisals, third-party price opinions, or internally developed pricing methods. These measurements are classified as Level 3.

Impaired Loans (Collateral Dependent)

Loans for which it is probable that the Company will not collect all principal and interest due according to contractual terms are measured for impairment. Allowable methods for estimating fair value include using the fair value of the collateral for collateral dependent loans or, where a loan is determined not to be collateral dependent, using the discounted cash flow method.

If the impaired loan is identified as collateral dependent, then the fair value method of measuring the amount of the impairment is utilized. This method requires obtaining a current independent appraisal of the collateral and applying a discount factor, if necessary, to the appraised value and including costs to sell. Because many of these inputs are not observable, the measurements are classified as Level 3.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

Fair value of mortgage loans held for sale is based on either quoted prices for the same or similar loans, or values obtained from third parties, or are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics and are therefore considered a Level 2 valuation.

39-

GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Loan Servicing Rights

Fair value is determined at a tranche level, based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts (Level 3), when available, or alternatively based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The valuation model utilizes interest rate, prepayment speed, and default rate assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income and that can be validated against market data (Level 3).

Property Held for Sale

This real estate property is carried in premises and equipment as property held for sale at fair value based upon the transactional price if available, or the appraised value of the property.

The following tables present the fair value measurement of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(dollars in thousands)
As of March 31, 2018
Other repossessed property	$	7,679	$	—	$	—	$	7,679
Impaired loans	198,609		—		—		198,609
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value	2,429		—		2,429		—
Loan servicing rights	3,586		—		—		3,586
Property held for sale	1,109		—		—		1,109
As of September 30, 2017
Other repossessed property	$	7,728	$	—	$	—	$	7,728
Impaired loans	185,388		—		—		185,388
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value	7,456		—		7,456		—
Loan servicing rights	4,074		—		—		4,074
Property held for sale	5,147		—		—		5,147

The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used to measure Level 3 fair value measurements at March 31, 2018 were as follows.

	Fair Value of Assets / (Liabilities) at March 31, 2018		Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input	Range	Weighted Average
	(dollars in thousands)
Other repossessed property	$	7,679	Appraisal value	Property specific adjustment	N/A	N/A
Impaired loans	198,609		Appraisal value	Property specific adjustment	N/A	N/A
Loan servicing rights	3,586		Discounted cash flows	Constant prepayment rate Discount rate	7.9 - 20.5% 10.0 - 15.0%	10.4% 11.8%
Property held for sale	1,109		Appraisal value	Property specific adjustment	N/A	N/A

Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments

For financial instruments that have quoted market prices, those quotes are used to determine fair value. Financial instruments that have no defined maturity, have a remaining maturity of 180 days or less, or reprice frequently to a market rate are assumed to have a fair value that approximates carrying value, after taking into consideration any applicable credit risk. If no market quotes are available, financial instruments are valued by discounting the expected cash flows using an estimated current market interest rate for the financial instrument.

The short maturity of the Company’s assets and liabilities results in having a significant number of financial instruments whose fair value equals or closely approximates carrying value. Such financial instruments are reported in the following consolidated balance sheet categories: cash and cash equivalents, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and accrued interest.

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GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Fair value estimates are based on existing on and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments include premises and equipment, deferred income taxes, goodwill, and core deposit and other intangibles. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates.

Off-balance sheet instruments (commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit) are generally short-term and at variable rates. Therefore, both the carrying amount and the estimated fair value associated with these instruments are immaterial. Fair values for balance sheet instruments as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017 are as follows.

		March 31, 2018				September 30, 2017
	Level in Fair Value Hierarchy	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
		(dollars in thousands)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	371,749	$	371,749	$	360,396	$	360,396
Loans, net excluding fair valued loans and loans held for sale	Level 3	8,349,772		8,238,751		7,881,018		7,798,134
Accrued interest receivable	Level 2	49,353		49,353		53,176		53,176
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	Level 2	30,032		30,032		29,619		29,619
FHLB stock	Level 2	33,720		33,720		37,551		37,551
Liabilities
Deposits	Level 2	$	9,386,967	$	9,384,577	$	8,977,613	$	8,978,926
FHLB advances and other borrowings	Level 2	551,003		477,292		643,214		645,421
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	Level 2	103,291		103,291		132,636		132,636
Accrued interest payable	Level 2	6,165		6,165		4,405		4,405
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable	Level 2	108,385		107,826		108,302		108,293

The following methods and assumptions were used in estimating the fair value of financial instruments that were not previously disclosed.

Cash and cash equivalents: Due to the short term nature of cash and cash equivalents, the estimated fair value is equal to the carrying value and they are categorized as a Level 1 fair value measurement.

Loans, net excluding fair valued loans and loans held for sale: The fair value of the loan portfolio is estimated using observable inputs including estimated cash flows, and discount rates based on interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms, to borrowers of similar credit quality. Loans held for investment are categorized as a Level 3 fair value measurement.

Accrued interest receivable: Due to the nature of accrued interest receivable, the estimated fair value is equal to the carrying value and they are categorized as a Level 2 fair value measurement.

Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance Policies: Fair value is equal to the cash surrender value of the life insurance policies and are categorized as Level 2 fair value measurement.

FHLB stock: The carrying amount of FHLB stock approximates its fair value as it can only be redeemed with the FHLB at par value. FHLB stock has been categorized as a Level 2 fair value measurement.

Deposits: The estimated fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as non-interest bearing demand deposits, savings, NOW, and money market accounts, is equal to the amount payable on demand. The fair value of interest-bearing time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows of such deposits, taking into account the option for early withdrawal. The discount rate is estimated using the rates offered by the Company, at the respective measurement dates, for deposits of similar maturities. Deposits have been categorized as a Level 2 fair value measurement.

FHLB advances and other borrowings: The fair value of FHLB advances and other borrowings is estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. In the absence of a reasonably precise methodology to determine the fair value of the credit agreement, carrying value has been used to represent fair value. FHLB advances and other borrowings have been categorized as a Level 2 fair value measurement.

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GREAT WESTERN BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Securities sold under repurchase agreements: The Company’s repurchase agreements are overnight transactions that mature the day after the transaction, and as a result of this short-term nature, the estimated fair value equals the carrying value. Securities sold under repurchase agreements have been categorized as a Level 2 fair value measurement.

Accrued interest payable: Due to the nature of accrued interest payable, the estimated fair value is equal to the carrying value and they are categorized as a Level 2 fair value measurement.

Subordinated Debentures and Subordinated Notes Payable: The fair value of subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable is estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on current incremental debt rates. Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable have been categorized as a Level 2 fair value measurement.

19. Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding determined for the basic earnings per share calculation plus the dilutive effect of stock compensation using the treasury stock method.

The following information was used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Six Months Ended March 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Net income	$	40,532	$	35,162	$	69,762	$	72,065
Weighted average common shares outstanding	58,941,315		58,788,802		58,921,972		58,769,662
Dilutive effect of stock based compensation	204,802		284,867		194,951		263,125
Weighted average common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share calculation	59,146,117		59,073,669		59,116,923		59,032,787
Basic earnings per share	$	0.69	$	0.60	$	1.18	$	1.23
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.69	$	0.60	$	1.18	$	1.22

The Company had 0 and 50,076 shares of unvested performance stock as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because performance conditions for vesting had not been met. The Company had 0 and 53,126 shares of anti-dilutive stock awards outstanding as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The historical consolidated financial data discussed below reflects our historical results of operations and financial condition and should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes thereto presented elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, previously filed with the SEC. In addition to historical financial data, this discussion includes certain forward-looking statements regarding events and trends that may affect our future results. Such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” For a more complete discussion of the factors that could affect our future results, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.

Any discrepancies included in this filing between totals and the sums of percentages and dollar amounts presented, or between rounded dollar amounts, are due to rounding.

Unless otherwise noted, references to "the current period" or "the current quarter" refer to the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2018 and references to "the comparable period" or "the comparable quarter" refer to the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2017.

42-

Tax Equivalent Presentation

All references to net interest income, net interest margin, interest income on non ASC 310-30 loans, yield on non ASC 310-30 loans and the related non-GAAP adjusted measure of each item are presented on a fully-tax equivalent ("FTE") basis unless otherwise noted.

Overview

We are a full-service regional bank holding company focused on relationship-based business and agribusiness banking. We serve our customers through 173 branches in attractive markets in nine states: Arizona, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota.

Our bank was established more than 80 years ago and we have achieved strong market positions by developing and maintaining extensive local relationships in the communities we serve. By leveraging our business and agribusiness focus, presence in attractive markets, highly efficient operating model and robust approach to risk management, we have achieved significant and profitable growth—both organically and through disciplined acquisitions. We provide financial results based on a fiscal year ending September 30 as a single reportable segment.

The principal sources of our revenues and cash flows are: (i) interest and fees earned on loans made or held by our bank; (ii) interest on fixed income investments held by our bank; (iii) fees on wealth management services; (iv) service charges on deposit accounts maintained at our bank; (v) gain on the sale of loans held for sale (vi) gains on sales of securities; and (vii) merchant and card fees. Our principal expenses are: (i) interest expense on deposit accounts and other borrowings; (ii) salaries and employee benefits; (iii) data processing costs primarily associated with maintaining our bank's loan and deposit functions; (iv) occupancy expenses for maintaining our bank's facilities; (v) professional fees; (vi) business development; (vii) FDIC insurance assessments; and (viii) other real estate owned expenses. The largest component contributing to our net income is net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on earning assets (primarily loans and investments) and interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities (primarily deposit accounts and other borrowings). One of management's principal functions is to manage the spread between interest earned on earning assets and interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities in an effort to maximize net interest income while maintaining an appropriate level of interest rate risk.

Due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, a blended statutory federal tax rate of 24.5% was applied to net income before taxes generated during fiscal year 2018, compared to 35% for fiscal year 2017. The Company's tax equivalent adjustment to net interest income and net interest margin was $1.6 million and $3.2 million for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2018, compared to $2.2 million and $4.3 million for the prior comparable periods in fiscal year 2017, on a consistent asset base. This change reduced net interest margin and adjusted net interest margin by approximately 3 basis points for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2018 and increased our efficiency ratio by a negligible amount for the same periods. For more information on our net interest margin, adjusted net interest margin and efficiency ratio, including a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, see "—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section.

Correction of Prior Period Balances

The consolidated statements of income have been revised to correct an immaterial classification error in loan interest income and noninterest income related to credit card interchange income for all periods presented. The reclassification had no effect on net income, earnings per share, retained earnings or capital ratios for all periods presented; however, our net interest margin and adjusted net interest margin were reduced by seven to eight basis points compared to what was originally reported for the prior comparable periods. Periods not presented herein will be revised, as applicable, as they are included in future filings. For more information on the reclassification of credit card interchange income, see "—Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Policies" section. For more information on our efficiency ratio, net interest margin and adjusted net interest margin, including a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, see "—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section.

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Highlights for the Three and Six Months ended March 31, 2018

Net income was $40.5 million, or $0.69 per diluted share, for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, compared to $35.2 million, or $0.60 per diluted share, for the second quarter of fiscal year 2017, an increase of $5.3 million, or 15.3%. Compared to the second quarter of fiscal year 2017, total revenue (non-FTE) for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018grew by 7.2%, provision for loan and lease losses were higher by 22.2% and noninterest expenses grew by 9.8%. Total revenue (non-FTE) is the sum of net interest income (non-FTE) and noninterest income. Net income was $69.8 million, or $1.18 per diluted share, for the first six months of fiscal year 2018, compared to $72.1 million, or $1.22 per diluted share, for the same period in fiscal year 2017.

Our efficiency ratio increased to 48.6% for the quarter ending March 31, 2018, compared to 47.0% for the quarter ending March 31, 2017, as a result of a sign on bonus for a new contract offset by an estimated breakage cost of an existing contract. This added approximately 0.8% to the efficiency ratio during the quarter. Our efficiency ratio was 47.2% on a fiscal year-to-date basis. For more information on our efficiency ratio, including a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, see "—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section.

Net interest margin, which measures our ability to maintain interest rates on interest earning assets above those of interest bearing liabilities, was 3.92%, 3.89% and 3.91%, respectively, for the quarters ended March 31, 2018, December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2017. Adjusted net interest margin, which reflects the realized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps, was 3.86%, 3.80% and 3.76%, respectively, for the same periods. We believe our adjusted net interest margin is more representative of our underlying performance and is the measure we use internally to evaluate our results. Net interest margin and adjusted net interest marginincreased by 1 basis point and 10 basis points, respectively, compared to the same quarter in fiscal year 2017. Net interest margin remained relatively stable between the two periods primarily due to a 23 basis point increase in the yield on interest-earning assets, driven by higher average loan balances as a proportion of interest earning assets and improving loan and investment yields, offset by a 23 basis point increase in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities, primarily due to a 21 basis point increase in the cost of interest-bearing deposits, over the same quarter in fiscal year 2017. A $2.2 millionreduction in the cost of interest rate swaps compared to the prior comparable quarter is the primary driver of the more pronounced increase in adjusted net interest margin compared to net interest margin. For more information on our adjusted net interest margin, including a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, see "—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section.

Total loans were $9.34 billion at March 31, 2018 compared to $8.97 billion at September 30, 2017. The net growth of $0.37 billion, or 4.1%, occurred primarily within the commercial real estate ("CRE") segment of the loan portfolio, which grew$0.34 billion, including strong growth in owner-occupied CRE and construction loans. The agriculture and commercial non-real estate loan segments both increased by $0.05 billion, which was partially offset by a reduction of $0.07 billion in the residential real estate loan segment.

Deposits increased to $9.39 billion at March 31, 2018, an increase of $0.41 billion, or 4.6%, compared to $8.98 billion at September 30, 2017, which was primarily due to the increase in interest-bearing deposits of $0.41 billion, or 5.8%, which is net of continued outflows of time deposits.

At March 31, 2018, loans graded "Watch" were $294.9 million, a decrease of $16.7 million, or 5.4%, compared to September 30, 2017. Loans graded "Substandard" were $251.4 million, an increase of $18.5 million, or 8.0%, over the same period. The decrease in "Watch" graded loans and the increase in "Substandard" graded loans were primarily driven by the deterioration of a small number of CRE relationships.

Nonaccrual loans, including ASC 310-30 loans, were $131.3 million as of March 31, 2018. Total nonaccrual loans decreased by $7.0 million compared to September 30, 2017, primarily driven by charge offs and transfers to other repossessed property. Total other repossessed property balances were $16.7 million as of March 31, 2018, an increase of $7.7 million, or 86.2%, compared to September 30, 2017 due to three large relationships moving into other repossessed property.

Provision for loan and lease losses was $4.9 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, compared to $4.0 million for the same quarter of fiscal year 2017. Net charge-offs for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 were $3.8 million, or 0.17% of average total loans on an annualized basis, with the majority of net charge-offs concentrated in the commercial non-real estate and CRE segments of the loan portfolio, bringing fiscal year-to-date net charge-offs to $7.8 million, or 0.17% of average total loans on an annualized basis. For the comparable periods in fiscal year 2017, net charge-offs were $8.1 million, or 0.38% of average total loans on an annualized basis for the second quarter of fiscal year 2017, bringing fiscal year-to-date net charge-offs to $13.0 million, or 0.30% of average total loans on an annualized basis. The ratio of ALLL to total loans was 0.70% at March 31, 2018, a decrease from 0.71% at September 30, 2017. The balance of the ALLL increased to $65.1 million at March 31, 2018 from $63.5 million at September 30, 2017.

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Our capital position is strong, with Tier 1 capital, total capital and Tier 1 leverage ratios of 11.5%, 12.5% and 10.4%, respectively, at March 31, 2018, compared to 11.4%, 12.5% and 10.3%, respectively, at September 30, 2017. In addition, our Common Equity Tier 1 ratio was 10.7% at both March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017. Our tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio was 9.3% at March 31, 2018 and 9.2% at September 30, 2017. For more information on our tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio, including a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, see "—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section.

Key Factors Affecting Our Business and Financial Statements

As discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, our business, financial condition and results of operations are impacted by several key factors, including economic conditions, interest rates, asset quality and loss-sharing agreement, banking laws and regulations, competition, operational efficiency, goodwill and amortization of other intangible assets and loans and interest rate swaps accounted for at fair value.  There have been no material changes to these factors except as otherwise supplemented within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018 and within our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 31,2017.

Results of Operations—Three and SixMonth Periods EndedMarch 31, 2018and2017

Overview

The following table highlights certain key financial and performance information for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017			March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017
	(dollars in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
Operating Data:
Interest income (FTE)	$	118,849		$	108,420		$	235,368		$	217,217
Interest expense	16,680			10,494			31,011			20,257
Noninterest income	18,742			15,489			35,416			31,146
Noninterest expense	59,144			53,852			114,012			106,389
Provision for loan and lease losses	4,900			4,009			9,457			11,058
Net income	40,532			35,162			69,762			72,065
Adjusted net income ¹	40,532			35,162			83,348			72,505
Common shares outstanding	58,896,189			58,760,517			58,896,189			58,760,517
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding	59,146,117			59,073,669			59,116,923			59,032,787
Earnings per common share - diluted	$	0.69		$	0.60		$	1.18		$	1.22
Adjusted earnings per common share - diluted ¹	0.69			0.60			1.41			1.23
Performance Ratios:
Net interest margin (FTE) ¹ ²	3.92		%	3.91		%	3.91		%	3.87		%
Adjusted net interest margin (FTE) ¹ ²	3.86		%	3.76		%	3.83		%	3.70		%
Return on average total assets ²	1.40		%	1.26		%	1.20		%	1.27		%
Return on average common equity ²	9.3		%	8.5		%	7.9		%	8.6		%
Return on average tangible common equity ¹ ²	16.2		%	15.4		%	13.9		%	15.9		%
Efficiency ratio ¹	48.6		%	47.0		%	47.2		%	46.0		%
1 This is a non-GAAP financial measure we believe is helpful to interpreting our financial results. For more information on this non-GAAP financial measure, including a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, see "—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section.
2 Annualized for all partial-year periods.

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Net Interest Income

The following table presents net interest income, net interest margin and adjusted net interest margin for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017			March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Net interest income:
Total interest income (FTE)	$	118,849		$	108,420		$	235,368		$	217,217
Less: Total interest expense	16,680			10,494			31,011			20,257
Net interest income (FTE)	$	102,169		$	97,926		$	204,357		$	196,960
Net interest margin (FTE) and adjusted net interest margin (FTE) ¹
Average interest-earning assets	10,571,300			10,144,875			10,492,091			10,215,580
Average interest-bearing liabilities	9,900,091			9,532,557			9,826,013			9,592,518
Net interest margin (FTE)	3.92		%	3.91		%	3.91		%	3.87		%
Adjusted net interest margin (FTE) ¹	3.86		%	3.76		%	3.83		%	3.70		%
1 This is a non-GAAP financial measure we believe is helpful to interpreting our financial results. For more information on this non-GAAP financial measure, including a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, see "—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section.

Net interest income was $102.2 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, compared to $97.9 million for the same quarter in fiscal year 2017, an increase of $4.3 million, or 4.3%. Net interest income was $204.4 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2018, compared to $197.0 million for the same period in fiscal year 2017, an increase of $7.4 million, or 3.8%. The increase in net interest income for both periods was primarily attributable to higher loan interest income driven by 5.7% and 4.5%, respectively, of growth in average loans outstanding between the periods combined with an 18 and 17 basis point increase, respectively, in the yield on loans, partially offset by higher interest expense associated with interest-bearing deposits and borrowings.

Net interest margin was 3.92% for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, an increase of 1 basis point compared to the same quarter in fiscal year 2017. Adjusted net interest margin was 3.86% for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, an increase of 10 basis points compared to the same quarter in fiscal year 2017. Net interest margin remained relatively stable between the two periods primarily due to a 18 basis point increase in the yield on total loans, offset by a 21 basis point increase in the cost of interest-bearing deposits over the same quarter in fiscal year 2017. A $2.2 millionreduction in the cost of interest rate swaps compared to the prior comparable quarter is the primary driver of the more pronounced increase in adjusted net interest margin compared to net interest margin.

Net interest margin was 3.91% for the first six months of fiscal year 2018, an increase of 4 basis points compared to the same period in fiscal year 2017. Adjusted net interest margin was 3.83% for the first six months of fiscal year 2018, an increase of 13 basis points compared to the same period in fiscal year 2017. The yield on interest-earning assets increased by 24 basis points over the same period in fiscal year 2017, driven by higher average loan balances as a proportion of earning assets and improving loan yields. Meanwhile, the cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased by 21 basis points over the same period, driven by an 18 basis point increase in the cost of deposits and moderate increases in the cost of borrowings partially offset by a reduction in average FHLB borrowings outstanding. A $4.2 millionreduction in the cost of interest rate swaps between the two periods is the primary driver of the more pronounced increase in adjusted net interest margin. For more information on our adjusted net interest margin, including a reconciliation of each to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, see "—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section.

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The following tables present the distribution of average assets, liabilities and equity, interest income and resulting yields on average interest-earning assets, and interest expense and rates on average interest-bearing liabilities for the current and comparable three and six month periods, respectively. Loans on nonaccrual status that had interest accrued as of the date of nonaccrual is immediately reversed as a reduction to interest income, while any interest subsequently recovered is recorded in the period of recovery. Tax-exempt loans and securities, totaling $789.5 million at March 31, 2018 and $711.2 million at March 31, 2017, are typically entered at lower interest rate arrangements than comparable non-exempt loans and securities. The amount of interest income reflected in the following table has been adjusted to include the amount of tax benefit realized in the period and as such is presented on a fully-tax equivalent basis, the calculation of which is outlined in the discussion of non-GAAP items later in this section. ASC 310-30 loans represent loans accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30 Accounting for Purchased Loans that were credit impaired at the time we acquired them. Non ASC 310-30 loans represent loans we have originated and loans we have acquired that were not credit impaired at the time we acquired them.

	For the three months ended:
	March 31, 2018						March 31, 2017
	Average Balance		Interest (FTE)		Yield / Cost ¹		Average Balance		Interest (FTE)		Yield / Cost ¹
	(dollars in thousands)
Assets
Interest-bearing bank deposits	$	58,943	$	227	1.56	%	$	109,737	$	219	0.81	%
Investment securities	1,365,152		7,013		2.08	%	1,382,743		6,538		1.92	%
Non ASC 310-30 loans, net ²	9,064,899		108,427		4.85	%	8,531,652		99,352		4.72	%
ASC 310-30 loans, net	82,306		3,182		15.68	%	120,743		2,311		7.76	%
Loans, net	9,147,205		111,609		4.95	%	8,652,395		101,663		4.77	%
Total interest-earning assets	10,571,300		118,849		4.56	%	10,144,875		108,420		4.33	%
Noninterest-earning assets	1,155,481						1,146,196
Total assets	$	11,726,781	$	118,849	4.11	%	$	11,291,071	$	108,420	3.89	%
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	1,786,059					$	1,825,174
Interest-bearing deposits	5,929,757		$	9,490	0.65	%	5,623,676		$	5,759	0.42	%
Time deposits	1,315,209		3,168		0.98	%	1,286,203		2,070		0.65	%
Total deposits	9,031,025		12,658		0.57	%	8,735,053		7,829		0.36	%
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	107,921		83		0.31	%	117,970		98		0.34	%
FHLB advances and other borrowings	652,787		2,732		1.70	%	571,338		1,469		1.04	%
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable	108,358		1,207		4.52	%	108,196		1,098		4.12	%
Total borrowings	869,066		4,022		1.88	%	797,504		2,665		1.36	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	9,900,091		$	16,680	0.68	%	9,532,557		$	10,494	0.45	%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities	56,573						71,744
Stockholders' equity	1,770,117						1,686,770
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	11,726,781					$	11,291,071
Net interest spread					3.43	%					3.44	%
Net interest income and net interest margin (FTE) ¹			$	102,169	3.92	%			$	97,926	3.91	%
Less: Tax equivalent adjustment			$	1,616					$	2,182
Net interest income and net interest margin - ties to Statements of Comprehensive Income			$	100,553	3.86	%			$	95,744	3.83	%
1 Annualized for all partial-year periods.
2 Interest income includes $0.6 million and $1.0 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 and 2017, respectively, resulting from accretion of ASC 310-20 loan marks associated with acquired loans.

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	For the six months ended:
	March 31, 2018						March 31, 2017
	Average Balance		Interest (FTE) ¹		Yield / Cost ²		Average Balance		Interest (FTE) ¹		Yield / Cost ²
	(dollars in thousands)
Assets
Interest bearing bank deposits	$	62,439	$	458	1.47	%	$	188,221	$	565	0.60	%
Investment securities	1,390,665		14,055		2.03	%	1,380,101		12,916		1.88	%
Non ASC 310-30 loans, net ³	8,952,914		214,927		4.81	%	8,523,800		199,083		4.68	%
ASC 310-30 loans, net	86,073		5,928		13.81	%	123,458		4,653		7.56	%
Loans, net	9,038,987		220,855		4.90	%	8,647,258		203,736		4.73	%
Total interest-earning assets	10,492,091		235,368		4.50	%	10,215,580		217,217		4.26	%
Noninterest-earning assets	1,166,069						1,149,109
Total assets	$	11,658,160	$	235,368	4.05	%	$	11,364,689	$	217,217	3.83	%
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	1,815,274					$	1,808,617
Interest-bearing deposits	5,908,476		$	17,781	0.60	%	5,585,894		$	10,888	0.39	%
Time deposits	1,291,255		5,875		0.91	%	1,317,161		4,230		0.64	%
Total deposits	9,015,005		23,656		0.53	%	8,711,672		15,118		0.35	%
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	116,490		178		0.31	%	127,188		212		0.33	%
FHLB advances and other borrowings	586,181		4,800		1.64	%	644,079		2,741		0.85	%
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable	108,337		2,377		4.40	%	109,579		2,186		4.00	%
Total borrowings	811,008		7,355		1.82	%	880,846		5,139		1.17	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	9,826,013		$	31,011	0.63	%	9,592,518		$	20,257	0.42	%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities	66,525						95,665
Stockholders' equity	1,765,622						1,676,506
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	11,658,160					$	11,364,689
Net interest spread					3.42	%					3.41	%
Net interest income and net interest margin (FTE) ¹			$	204,357	3.91	%			$	196,960	3.87	%
Less: Tax equivalent adjustment			$	3,181					$	4,323
Net interest income and net interest margin - ties to Statements of Comprehensive Income			$	201,176	3.85	%			$	192,637	3.78	%
1 Annualized for all partial-year periods.
2 Interest income includes $1.2 million and $2.3 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2018 and 2017, respectively, resulting from accretion of ASC 310-20 loan marks associated with acquired loans.

Interest Income

The following table presents interest income for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	March 31, 2018		March 31, 2017		March 31, 2018		March 31, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Interest income:
Loans (FTE)	$	111,609	$	101,663	$	220,855	$	203,736
Investment securities	7,013		6,538		14,055		12,916
Federal funds sold and other	227		219		458		565
Total interest income (FTE)	118,849		108,420		235,368		217,217
Less: Tax equivalent adjustment	1,616		2,182		3,181		4,323
Total interest income (GAAP)	$	117,233	$	106,238	$	232,187	$	212,894

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Total interest income consists primarily of interest income on loans and interest income on our investment portfolio. Total interest income was $118.8 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, compared to $108.4 million for the same quarter of fiscal year 2017, an increase of $10.4 million, or 9.6%. Total interest income was $235.4 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2018, compared to $217.2 million for the same period in fiscal year 2017, an increase of $18.2 million, or 8.4%. Significant components of interest income are described in further detail below.

Loans. Interest income on all loans increased to $111.6 million in second quarter of fiscal year 2018 from $101.7 million in the same quarter in fiscal year 2017, an increase of $9.9 million, or 9.8%. Interest income on all loans increased to $220.9 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2018 from $203.7 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2017, an increase of $17.2 million, or 8.4%. The increases for both periods were primarily attributable to higher loan interest income driven by growth of 5.7% and 4.5%, respectively, in average loans outstanding between the periods and increasing benchmark interest rates, which favorably impact the contractual interest rates on variable and adjustable rate loans. For the second quarter and the first six months of fiscal year 2018, interest income on ASC 310-30 loans, which are purchased credit impaired loans with a different income recognition model, increased$0.9 million and $1.3 million, respectively, primarily driven by accelerated accretion of interest income in one pool of purchased credit impaired loans in fiscal year 2018.

Our yield on loans is affected by market interest rates, the level of adjustable-rate loan indices, interest rate floors and caps, customer repayment activity, the level of loans held for sale, portfolio mix, and the level of nonaccrual loans. The average tax equivalent yield on non-ASC 310-30 loans was 4.85% for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, an increase of 13 basis points compared to the same quarter in fiscal year 2017. The average tax equivalent yield on non ASC 310-30 loans was 4.81% for the first six months of fiscal year 2018, a 13 basis point increase compared to the same period in fiscal year 2017. Adjusted for the current realized gain (loss) on derivatives we use to manage interest rate risk on certain of our loans at fair value, which we believe represents the underlying economics of the transactions, the adjusted yield on non ASC 310-30 loans was 4.78% for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, a 24 basis point an increase compared to the same quarter in fiscal year 2017. The adjusted yield on non ASC 310-30 loans was 4.72% for the first six months of fiscal year 2018, a 23 basis point increase over the prior comparable period. Starting in first quarter of fiscal year 2016 and continuing through the second quarter of 2018 we have begun to benefit from a period-over-period increase in LIBOR rates which has reduced the net cost of pay fixed, receive floating interest rate swaps the Company utilizes related to certain fixed rate loans and benchmark rate hikes which have raised interest rates on many of our floating and variable rate loans.

The average duration, net of interest rate swaps, of the loan portfolio was 1.2 years as of March 31, 2018. Approximately 47%, or $4.43 billion, of the portfolio is comprised of fixed rate loans, of which $921.0 million of loans are fixed rate loans with an original term of 5 years or greater for which we have entered into equal and offsetting fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps. These loans effectively behave as floating rate loans. Of the remaining floating and variable rate loans in the portfolio, approximately 49% are indexed to Wall Street Journal Prime, 28% to 5-year Treasuries and the balance to various other indices. Approximately 1% of our total loans' rates are floored, with an average interest rate floor 49 bps above market rates.

Loan-related fee income of $0.9 million is included in interest income for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 and $0.6 million for the same quarter in fiscal year 2017. Loan-related fee income of $2.9 million is included in interest income for the first six months of fiscal year 2018 compared to $2.0 million for the same period in fiscal year 2017. In addition, certain fees collected at loan origination are considered to be a component of yield on the underlying loans and are deferred and recognized into income over the life of the loans. Amortization related to the FDIC indemnification assets of $0.7 million and $1.1 million for the second quarter of fiscal years 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $1.7 million and $2.0 million for the first six months of fiscal years 2018 and 2017, respectively, is included as a reduction to interest income.

Investment Portfolio. The carrying value of investment securities and FHLB stock was $1.34 billion as of March 31, 2018. Interest income on investments includes income earned on investment securities and FHLB stock. Interest income on investments was $7.0 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, an increase of $0.5 million, or 7.3%, from $6.5 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2017, driven by a yield increase to 2.08% from 1.92%, partially offset by a decrease in average balances over the same period. Interest income on investments increased by $1.2 million, or 8.8%, to $14.1 million in the first six months of fiscal years 2018 from $12.9 million in the same period of fiscal year 2017, primarily due to slight increase in average balances coupled with a yield increase to 2.03% from 1.88% over the same period.

The weighted average life of the investment portfolio was 3.9 years and 3.6 years at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. Average investments represented 12.9% and 13.6% of total average interest-earning assets for the second quarters of fiscal years 2018 and 2017, respectively and 13.3% and 13.5% for the first six months of fiscal years 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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Interest Expense

The following table presents interest expense for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	March 31, 2018		March 31, 2017		March 31, 2018		March 31, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Interest expense
Deposits	$	12,658	$	7,829	$	23,656	$	15,118
FHLB advances and other borrowings	2,815		1,567		4,978		2,953
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable	1,207		1,098		2,377		2,186
Total interest expense	$	16,680	$	10,494	$	31,011	$	20,257

Total interest expense increased$6.2 million, or 58.9%, to $16.7 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 from $10.5 million in the same quarter in fiscal year 2017. Total interest expense increased$10.7 million, or 53.1%, to $31.0 million in the first six months of fiscal year 2018 from $20.3 million in the same period in fiscal year 2017. Significant components of interest expense are described in further detail below.

Deposits. Interest expense on deposits, consisting of interest-bearing accounts and time deposits, was $12.7 million and $7.8 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 and 2017, respectively, an increase of $4.9 million, or 61.7%. Interest expense on deposits was $23.7 million and $15.1 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2018 and 2017, respectively, an increase of $8.6 million, or 56.5%. The increases for both periods were a result of growth in average interest-bearing deposits outstanding and increasing benchmark interest rates. The cost of deposits increased to 0.57% for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 from 0.36% for the same quarter of fiscal year 2017. Average deposit balances increased to $9.03 billion for the current quarter in fiscal year 2018, from $8.74 billion for the comparable quarter in fiscal year 2017, an increase of $0.29 billion, or 3.4%. The cost of deposits increased to 0.53% for the first six months of fiscal year 2018 from 0.35% for the same period in fiscal year 2017.

Average non-interest-bearing demand account balances decreased to 19.8% of average total deposits for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 and 20.9% for the comparable quarter in fiscal year 2017. Total average other liquid accounts, consisting of money market and savings accounts, increased to 65.7% of total average deposits for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, compared to 64.4% of total average deposits for the comparable quarter in fiscal year 2017, while time deposit accounts decreased to 14.6% of average total deposits for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, compared to 14.7% in the comparable quarter in fiscal year 2017. We continue our strategy of focusing on cost-effective transaction accounts as well as our focus on gathering business deposits, which are typically transaction accounts by nature.

FHLB Advances and Other Borrowings. Interest expense on FHLB advances and other borrowings was $2.8 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, an increase of $1.2 million, or 79.6%, compared to $1.6 million for the comparable quarter in 2017, reflecting a weighted average cost of 1.70% and 1.04%, respectively, for the same periods. Our average balance for FHLB advances and other borrowings was $652.8 million in the current quarter of fiscal year 2018 compared to $571.3 million in the same quarter in fiscal year 2017, an increase of $81.5 million, or 14.3%. Interest expense on FHLB advances and other borrowings was $5.0 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2018 and $3.0 million for the same period in fiscal year 2017, representing a weighted average cost of 1.64% and 0.85%, respectively, for the same periods. Average FHLB advances and other borrowings as a proportion of total average interest-bearing liabilities were 6.0% for the first six months of fiscal year 2018, compared to 6.7% for the comparable period in fiscal year 2017. The average rate paid on FHLB advances is impacted by market rates and the various terms and repricing frequency of the specific outstanding borrowings in each year. The weighted average contractual rate paid on our FHLB advances was 1.90% and 1.27% at March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and the average tenor was 12 and 32 months for the same periods.

We must collateralize FHLB advances by pledging real estate loans or investments. We pledge more assets than required by our current level of borrowings in order to maintain additional borrowing capacity. Although we may substitute other loans for such pledged loans, we are restricted in our ability to sell or otherwise pledge these loans without substituting collateral or prepaying a portion of the FHLB advances. At March 31, 2018, we had pledged $3.75 billion of loans to the FHLB, against which we had borrowed $551.0 million.

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Subordinated Debentures and Subordinated Notes Payable. Interest expense on our outstanding subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable was $1.2 million in second quarter of fiscal year 2018 and $1.1 million in the comparable quarter in fiscal year 2017. Interest expense on our outstanding subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable was $2.4 million and $2.2 million for the first six months of fiscal years 2018 and 2017, respectively. The weighted average contractual rate on outstanding subordinated notes was 4.88% at both March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase represent retail repurchase agreements with customers and represent a small portion of our overall funding profile. The interest expense associated with this class of liabilities remained largely consistent between the current quarter and comparable quarter.

Rate and Volume Variances

Net interest income is affected by changes in both volume and interest rates. Volume changes are caused by increases or decreases during the year in the level of average interest-earning assets and average interest-bearing liabilities. Rate changes result from increases or decreases in the yields earned on assets or the rates paid on liabilities.

The following table presents the current and comparable quarter, six month periods and a summary of the changes in interest income and interest expense on a tax equivalent basis resulting from changes in the volume of average asset and liability balances and changes in the average yields or rates compared with the preceding fiscal year. If significant, the change in interest income or interest expense due to both volume and rate has been prorated between the volume and the rate variances based on the dollar amount of each variance.

	Current Quarter vs Comparable Quarter									Current 6 month period vs Comparable 6 month period
	Volume			Rate			Total			Volume			Rate			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Increase (decrease) in interest income:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	(132	)	$	140		$	8		$	(550	)	$	443		$	(107	)
Investment securities	(84		)	559			475			100			1,039			1,139
Non ASC 310-30 loans	6,327			2,748			9,075			10,202			5,642			15,844
ASC 310-30 loans	(914		)	1,785			871			(1,722		)	2,997			1,275
Loans	5,413			4,533			9,946			8,480			8,639			17,119
Total increase	5,197			5,232			10,429			8,030			10,121			18,151
Increase (decrease) in interest expense:
Interest-bearing deposits	329			3,402			3,731			662			6,231			6,893
Time deposits	48			1,050			1,098			(85		)	1,730			1,645
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	(8		)	(7		)	(15		)	(17		)	(17		)	(34		)
FHLB advances and other borrowings	234			1,029			1,263			(267		)	2,326			2,059
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable	2			107			109			(25		)	216			191
Total increase	605			5,581			6,186			268			10,486			10,754
Increase (decrease) in net interest income (FTE)	$	4,592		$	(349	)	$	4,243		$	7,762		$	(365	)	$	7,397

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Provision for Loan and Lease Losses

We recognized provision for loan and lease losses of $4.9 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 compared to a provision for loan and lease losses of $4.0 million for the comparable quarter in fiscal year 2017, an increase of $0.9 million, or 22.2% between the periods. The provision was lower in the prior comparable quarter due to a large reduction in provision for loans and lease losses on ASC 310-30 loans. Provision for loan losses was $9.5 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2018 compared to $11.1 million for the comparable period in fiscal year 2017, a decrease of $1.6 million, or 14.5%, between the periods. The decrease in provision was driven by a lower level of charge-offs recognized between the periods in the agriculture segment of the loan portfolio, partially offset by an increase in the specific reserve of the CRE loan segment compared to very low levels of provision in the comparable period. We recorded a $0.1 million net improvement in provision for ASC 310-30 loans for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, compared to a net improvement in provision of $1.1 million for the comparable quarter in fiscal year 2017. We recorded $0.1 million net improvement in provision for ASC 310-30 loans for the first six months of fiscal year 2018 compared to a net improvement of $1.0 million for the same period in fiscal year 2017.

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017			March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Provision for loan and lease losses, non ASC 310-30 loans *	$	4,996		$	5,060		$	9,600		$	12,010
Reduction in provision for loan and lease losses, ASC 310-30 loans	(96		)	(1,051		)	(143		)	(952		)
Provision for loan and lease losses, total	$	4,900		$	4,009		$	9,457		$	11,058
* As presented above, the non ASC 310-30 loan portfolio includes originated loans, other than loans for which we have elected the fair value option, and loans we acquired that we did not determine were acquired with deteriorated credit quality.

Total Credit-Related Charges

We recognized other credit-related charges during the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 that were higher than the comparable quarter in fiscal year 2017 and were lower in the first six months of fiscal year 2018 compared to the same period in fiscal year 2017. We believe that the following table, which summarizes each component of the total credit-related charges incurred during the current and comparable quarter and the current and comparable six month periods, is helpful to understanding the overall impact on our quarterly results of operations. Net other repossessed property charges includes other repossessed property operating costs, valuation adjustments and (loss) gain on sale of other repossessed properties, each of which entered other repossessed property as a result of the former borrower failing to perform on a loan obligation. Reversal of interest income on nonaccrual loans occurs when we become aware that a loan, for which we had been recognizing interest income, will no longer be able to perform according to the terms and conditions of the loan agreement, including repayment of interest owed to us, while a recovery of interest income on nonaccrual loans occurs when we receive repayment of interest owed to us. Loan fair value adjustments related to credit relate to the portion of our loan portfolio for which we have elected the fair value option; these amounts reflect expected credit losses in the portfolio.

		For the three months ended:						For the six months ended:
Item	Included within F/S Line Item(s):	March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017			March 31, 2018		March 31, 2017
		(Dollars in thousands)
Provision for loan and lease losses	Provision for loan and lease losses	$	4,900		$	4,009		$	9,457	$	11,058
Net other repossessed property charges	Net loss on repossessed property and other related expenses	1,000			397			1,214		1,056
(Recovery) reversal of interest income on nonaccrual loans	Interest income on loans	(157		)	(25		)	911		(99		)
Loan fair value adjustment related to credit	Net increase (decrease) in fair value of loans at fair value	1,358			(251		)	320		289
Total		$	7,101		$	4,130		$	11,902	$	12,304

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Noninterest Income

The following table presents noninterest income for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017			March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Noninterest income
Service charges and other fees	$	12,047		$	13,574		$	25,224		$	27,410
Wealth management fees	2,335			2,429			4,519			4,683
Mortgage banking income, net	1,166			1,640			2,826			4,302
Net (loss) gain on sale of securities	(8		)	44			(9		)	44
Other	3,758			1,426			4,849			3,357
Subtotal, product and service fees	19,298			19,113			37,409			39,796
Net (decrease) in fair value of loans at fair value	(14,838		)	(5,216		)	(23,502		)	(69,218		)
Net realized and unrealized gain on derivatives	14,282			1,592			21,509			60,568
Subtotal, loans at fair value and related derivatives	(556		)	(3,624		)	(1,993		)	(8,650		)
Total noninterest income	$	18,742		$	15,489		$	35,416		$	31,146

Our noninterest income is comprised of the various fees we charge our customers for products and services we provide and the impact of changes in fair value of loans for which we have elected the fair value treatment and realized and unrealized gains (losses) on the related interest rate swaps we utilize to manage interest rate risk on these loans. While we are required under U.S. GAAP to present both components within total noninterest income, we believe it is helpful to analyze the two broader components of noninterest income separately to better understand the underlying performance of the business.

Noninterest income was $18.7 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, compared to $15.5 million for the comparable quarter in fiscal year 2017, an increase of $3.2 million, or 21.0%. Noninterest income was $35.4 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2018, compared to $31.1 million for the comparable period in fiscal year 2017, an increase of $4.3 million, or 13.7%. Significant components of noninterest income are described in further detail below.

Product and Service Fees. We recognized $19.3 million of noninterest income related to product and service fees in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, an increase of $0.2 million, or 1.0%, compared to the same quarter in fiscal year 2017. The increase was due to a $2.3 millionincrease in other income, partially offset by a $1.5 milliondecrease in service charges and other fees and a $0.5 milliondecrease in mortgage banking income. The increase in other income was primarily driven by a sign on bonus for a new contract offset by an estimated breakage cost of an existing contract included in noninterest expense, while the decrease in service charges and other fees reflects the impact of the "Durbin Amendment" limit on debit card interchange income that became effective in July 2017.

Noninterest income related to product and service fees was $37.4 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2018 compared to $39.8 million for the same period in fiscal year 2017, a decrease of $2.4 million, or 6.0%. The decrease was due to a $2.2 milliondecrease in service charges and other fees and a $1.5 milliondecrease in mortgage banking income, partially offset by a $1.5 millionincrease in other income. The decrease in service charges and other fees was primarily driven by the impact of the "Durbin Amendment" limit on debit card interchange income combined with a reduction in net overdraft and non-sufficient funds income. The decrease in mortgage banking income was due to fewer originations in the period and the increase in other income was due to the sign on bonus for a new contract discussed above.

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Loans at fair value and related derivatives. As discussed in "—Analysis of Financial Condition—Derivatives," changes in the fair value of loans for which we have elected the fair value treatment and realized and unrealized gains and losses on the related derivatives are recognized within noninterest income. For the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, these items accounted for $(0.6) million of noninterest income compared to $(3.6) million for the same quarter in fiscal year 2017. The change was driven by a net unfavorable change in the credit adjustment of $1.6 million combined with a $2.2 millionreduction in the current cost of interest rate swaps driven by changes in the interest rate environment and a $2.4 millionincrease in swap fees. For the first six months of fiscal year 2018, these items accounted for $(2.0) million of noninterest income compared to $(8.6) million for the same period in fiscal year 2017. The change was driven by a $4.2 millionreduction in the current cost of interest rate swaps and a $2.4 millionincrease in swap fees. We believe that the current realized loss on the derivatives economically offsets the interest income earned on the related loans. We present elsewhere the adjusted net interest income and adjusted net interest margin reflecting the metrics we use to manage the business.

Noninterest Expense

The following table presents noninterest expense for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	March 31, 2018		March 31, 2017		March 31, 2018		March 31, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	$	33,672	$	32,370	$	66,539	$	64,004
Data processing and communication	9,190		6,879		16,074		13,595
Occupancy and equipment	5,290		5,123		10,138		9,946
Professional fees	4,027		3,559		8,267		6,394
Advertising	1,121		995		2,181		1,970
Net loss on repossessed property and other related expenses	1,000		397		1,214		1,056
Amortization of core deposits and other intangibles	426		550		852		1,389
Acquisition expenses	—		—		—		710
Other	4,418		3,979		8,747		7,325
Total noninterest expense	$	59,144	$	53,852	$	114,012	$	106,389

Our noninterest expense consists primarily of salaries and employee benefits, data processing and communication, occupancy and equipment, professional fees and advertising expenses. Noninterest expense was $59.1 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 compared to $53.9 million for the same quarter in fiscal year 2017, an increase of $5.2 million, or 9.8%. This increase was attributable to a $2.3 millionincrease in data processing and communication expenses primarily driven by an estimated breakage cost of $2.3 million for an existing contract, offset by a sign on bonus for a new contract within noninterest income, a $1.3 millionincrease in salaries and employee benefits due to the previously announced living wage increases brought on by federal tax reform and annual merit increases, an increase of $0.6 million in net loss recognized on repossessed property and other related expenses, and a $0.5 million increase in professional fees.

Noninterest expense was $114.0 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2018 compared to $106.4 million for the same period in fiscal year 2017, an increase of $7.6 million, or 7.2%. The increase was primarily driven by a $2.5 millionincrease in salaries and employee benefits due to the living wage increases and annual merit increases discussed above, a $2.5 millionincrease in data processing and communication expense primarily driven by an estimated breakage cost on an existing contract, a $1.9 millionincrease in professional fees driven by an increase in our FDIC assessment and a $1.4 millionincrease in other expenses, partially offset by a decrease in acquisition expenses of $0.7 million.

Our efficiency ratio was 48.6% and 47.0% for the three month periods ending March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Our efficiency ratio was 47.2% and 46.0% for the first six month periods ending March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The increases for both periods was a result of a sign on bonus for a new contract offset by an estimated breakage cost on an existing contract. This added approximately 0.8% to the efficiency ratio for the second quarter and six month period ended March 31, 2018. For more information on our efficiency ratio, including a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, see "—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section.

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Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes varies due to the amount of taxable income, the level and effectiveness of tax-advantaged assets and tax credit funds and the rates charged by federal and state authorities. The provision for income taxes of $14.7 million for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 represents an effective tax rate of 26.6%, compared to a provision of $18.2 million or an effective tax rate of 34.1% for the comparable quarter of fiscal year 2017. The provision for income taxes of $43.4 million for the first six months of fiscal year 2018 represents an effective tax rate of 38.3%, compared to a provision of $34.3 million or an effective tax rate of 32.2% for the comparable period in fiscal year 2017. Excluding the deferred taxes revaluation as a result of the Tax Reform Act of 2017, the effective tax rate was 26.3% for the first six months of fiscal year 2018.

Return on Assets and Equity

The following table presents our return on average total assets, return on average common equity and average common equity to average assets ratio for the dates presented.

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	March 31, 2018		March 31, 2017		March 31, 2018		March 31, 2017
Return on average total assets	1.40	%	1.26	%	1.20	%	1.27	%
Return on average common equity	9.3	%	8.5	%	7.9	%	8.6	%
Average common equity to average assets ratio	15.1	%	14.9	%	15.1	%	14.8	%

Analysis of Financial Condition

The following table highlights certain key financial and performance information as of the dates indicated.

	As of
	March 31, 2018			September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance Sheet and Other Information:
Total assets	$	11,992,317		$	11,690,011
Loans ³	9,338,306			8,968,553
Allowance for loan and lease losses	65,139			63,503
Deposits	9,386,967			8,977,613
Stockholders' equity	1,788,698			1,755,000
Tangible common equity ¹	1,041,153			1,006,603
Tier 1 capital ratio	11.5		%	11.4		%
Total capital ratio	12.5		%	12.5		%
Tier 1 leverage ratio	10.4		%	10.3		%
Common equity tier 1 ratio	10.7		%	10.7		%
Tangible common equity / tangible assets ¹	9.3		%	9.2		%
Book value per share - GAAP	$	30.37		$	29.83
Tangible book value per share ¹	$	17.68		$	17.11
Nonaccrual loans / total loans	1.41		%	1.54		%
Net charge-offs (recoveries) / average total loans ²	0.17		%	0.26		%
Allowance for loan and lease losses / total loans	0.70		%	0.71		%
¹ This is a non-GAAP financial measure we believe is helpful to interpreting our financial results. For more information on this non-GAAP financial measure, including a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, see "—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section.
² Annualized for partial-year periods, except for September 30, 2017, which was for the twelve month period.
³ Loans include unpaid principal balance net of unamortized discount on acquired loans and unearned net deferred fees and costs and loans in process.

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Our total assets were $11.99 billion at March 31, 2018, compared with $11.69 billion at September 30, 2017, an increase of $0.30 billion, or 2.6%. The increase in total assets during the first six months of fiscal year 2018 was principally attributable to an increase in net loans of $0.37 billion, or 4.1%, since September 30, 2017, partially offset by a decrease in investment securities of $0.06 billion for the same period. At March 31, 2018, loans were $9.34 billion, compared to $8.97 billion at September 30, 2017. Net loan growth was primarily driven by growth in CRE, agriculture and commercial non-real estate segments of the loan portfolio, offset by a reduction in residential real estate loans. During the first six months of fiscal year 2018, total deposits increased by $0.41 billion, or 4.6%. The growth was primarily driven by growth in interest-bearing deposits, which is net of continued outflows of time deposits.

Loan Portfolio

The following table presents our loan portfolio by category at each of the dates indicated.

	March 31, 2018			September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Unpaid principal balance:
Commercial real estate ¹
Originated	$	4,025,844		$	3,628,235
Acquired	441,934			496,570
Total	4,467,778			4,124,805
Agriculture ¹
Originated	2,067,732			1,990,648
Acquired	109,288			131,490
Total	2,177,020			2,122,138
Commercial non-real estate ¹
Originated	1,722,796			1,670,349
Acquired	44,791			48,565
Total	1,767,587			1,718,914
Residential real estate
Originated	684,569			724,906
Acquired	182,413			207,986
Total	866,982			932,892
Consumer
Originated	47,151			56,467
Acquired	8,039			10,092
Total	55,190			66,559
Other lending
Originated	41,816			43,132
Acquired	—			75
Total	41,816			43,207
Total originated	8,589,908			8,113,737
Total acquired	786,465			894,778
Total unpaid principal balance	9,376,373			9,008,515
Less: Unamortized discount on acquired loans	(23,501		)	(29,121		)
Less: Unearned net deferred fees and costs and loans in process	(14,566		)	(10,841		)
Total loans	9,338,306			8,968,553
Allowance for loan and lease losses	(65,139		)	(63,503		)
Loans, net	$	9,273,167		$	8,905,050
1 Unpaid principal balance for commercial non-real estate, agriculture and commercial real estate loans includes fair value adjustments associated with long-term fixed-rate loans where we have entered into interest rate swaps to hedge our interest rate risk.

During the first six months of fiscal year 2018, total loans increased by 4.1%, or $369.8 million. The growth was primarily focused in CRE, agriculture and commercial non-real estate segments of the loan portfolio, which grew $343.0 million, $54.9 million, and $48.7 million, respectively, offset by a reduction of $65.9 million in residential estate loans. Over the same time period, consumer and other loan balances remained generally stable.

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The following table presents an analysis of the unpaid principal balance of our loan portfolio at March 31, 2018, by borrower and collateral type and by each of the six major geographic areas we use to manage our markets.

	March 31, 2018
	South  Dakota			Iowa /  Kansas / Missouri			Nebraska			Arizona			Colorado			North Dakota / Minnesota			Other ²			Total			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate ¹	$	1,089,724		$	1,170,258		$	837,614		$	496,603		$	673,390		$	207,975		$	(7,786	)	$	4,467,778		47.6	%
Agriculture ¹	686,012			409,273			151,904			749,645			184,760			3,127			(7,701		)	2,177,020			23.2	%
Commercial non-real estate ¹	317,611			848,415			370,462			66,996			126,168			8,986			28,949			1,767,587			18.9	%
Residential real estate	210,423			245,619			194,162			22,440			148,208			18,516			27,614			866,982			9.2	%
Consumer	22,011			18,026			11,688			827			1,234			590			814			55,190			0.6	%
Other lending	—			—			—			—			—			—			41,816			41,816			0.5	%
Total	$	2,325,781		$	2,691,591		$	1,565,830		$	1,336,511		$	1,133,760		$	239,194		$	83,706		$	9,376,373		100.0	%
% by location	24.8		%	28.7		%	16.7		%	14.3		%	12.1		%	2.5		%	0.9		%	100.0		%
1 Unpaid principal balance for commercial non-real estate, agriculture and commercial real estate loans includes fair value adjustments associated with long-term fixed-rate loans where we have entered into interest rate swaps to hedge our interest rate risk.
2 Balances in this column represent acquired workout loans and certain other loans managed by our staff, commercial and consumer credit card loans, fair value adjustments related to acquisitions and loans for which we have elected the fair value option, which could result in a negative carrying amount in the event of a net negative fair value adjustment.

The following table presents additional detail regarding our agriculture, CRE and residential real estate loans at March 31, 2018.

	March 31, 2018
	(dollars in thousands)
Construction and development	$	721,340
Owner-occupied CRE	1,341,034
Non-owner-occupied CRE	2,077,424
Multifamily residential real estate	327,980
Commercial real estate	4,467,778
Agriculture real estate	1,016,555
Agriculture operating loans	1,160,465
Agriculture	2,177,020
Commercial non-real estate	1,767,587
Home equity lines of credit	259,723
Closed-end first lien	447,855
Closed-end junior lien	38,237
Residential construction	121,167
Residential real estate	866,982
Consumer	55,190
Other	41,816
Total unpaid principal balance	$	9,376,373

Commercial Real Estate. CRE includes owner-occupied CRE, non-owner-occupied CRE, construction and development lending, and multi-family residential real estate. While CRE lending will remain a significant component of our overall loan portfolio, we are committed to managing our exposure to riskier construction and development lending specifically, and to CRE lending in general, by targeting relationships with sound management and financials which are priced to reflect the amount of risk we accept as the lender.

Agriculture. Agriculture loans include farm operating loans and loans collateralized by farm land. According to the American Banker's Association, at December 31, 2017, we were ranked the sixth-largest farm lender bank in the United States measured by total dollar volume of farm loans. We consider agriculture lending one of our core competencies. We target a 20% to 30% portfolio composition for agriculture loans according to our Risk Appetite Statement approved by our Board of Directors. Within our agriculture portfolio, loans are diversified across a wide range of subsectors with the majority of the portfolio concentrated within various types of grain, livestock and dairy products, and across different geographical segments within our footprint. While our

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borrowers have experienced volatile commodity prices over recent years, we believe there continues to typically be strong secondary sources of repayment and low borrower leverage for the agriculture loan portfolio. Continued pressure on commodity prices, including through recently proposed tariffs on agricultural products, or a further downturn in the agriculture economy could directly and adversely affect our agricultural loan portfolio and indirectly and adversely impact other lending categories including commercial non-real estate, CRE, residential real estate and consumer.

Commercial Non-Real Estate. Commercial non-real estate, or business lending, represents one of our core competencies. We believe that providing a tailored range of integrated products and services, including lending, to small- and medium-enterprise customers is the business at which we excel and through which we can generate favorable returns for our stockholders. We offer a number of different products including working capital and other shorter-term lines of credit, fixed-rate loans and variable rate loans with interest rate swaps over a wide range of terms, and variable-rate loans with varying terms. Our bank's direct exposure to energy-related borrowers is less than 1.0% of total loans.

Residential Real Estate. Residential real estate lending reflects 1-to-4-family real estate construction loans, closed-end first-lien mortgages (primarily single-family long-term first mortgages resulting from acquisitions of other banks), closed-end junior-lien mortgages and home equity lines of credit, or HELOCs. Our closed-end first-lien mortgages include a small percentage of single-family first mortgages that we originate and do not subsequently sell into the secondary market, including some jumbo products, adjustable-rate mortgages and rural home mortgages. Conversely, a large percentage of our total single-family first mortgage originations are sold into the secondary market in order to meet our interest rate risk management objectives.

Consumer. Our consumer lending offering comprises a relatively small portion of our total loan portfolio, and predominantly reflects small-balance secured and unsecured products marketed by our retail branches.

Other Lending. Other lending includes all other loan relationships that do not fit within the categories above, primarily consumer and commercial credit cards, customer deposit account overdrafts, and lease receivables.

The following table presents the maturity distribution of our loan portfolio as of March 31, 2018. The maturity dates were determined based on the contractual maturity date of the loan.

	1 Year or Less		>1 Through 5 Years		>5 Years		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Maturity distribution:
Commercial real estate	$	467,568	$	1,956,786	$	2,043,424	$	4,467,778
Agriculture	1,045,966		713,647		417,407		2,177,020
Commercial non-real estate	801,127		504,223		462,237		1,767,587
Residential real estate	201,181		300,672		365,129		866,982
Consumer	7,954		38,050		9,186		55,190
Other lending	41,816		—		—		41,816
Total	$	2,565,612	$	3,513,378	$	3,297,383	$	9,376,373

The following table presents the distribution, as of March 31, 2018, of our loans that were due after one year between fixed and variable interest rates.

	Fixed		Variable		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Maturity distribution:
Commercial real estate	$	2,035,725	$	1,964,485	$	4,000,210
Agriculture	851,001		280,053		1,131,054
Commercial non-real estate	601,544		364,916		966,460
Residential real estate	215,111		450,690		665,801
Consumer	37,075		10,161		47,236
Total	$	3,740,456	$	3,070,305	$	6,810,761

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Other Repossessed Property

In the normal course of business, we obtain title to parcels of real estate and other assets when borrowers are unable to meet their contractual obligations and we initiate foreclosure proceedings, or via deed in lieu of foreclosure actions. Other repossessed property assets are considered nonperforming assets. When we obtain title to an asset, we evaluate how best to maintain and protect our interest in the property and seek to liquidate the asset at an acceptable price in a timely manner. Our total other repossessed property carrying value was $16.7 million as of March 31, 2018, an increase of $7.7 million, or 86.2%, compared to September 30, 2017, primarily due to three large relationships moving into other repossessed property during the current period.

The following table presents our other repossessed property balances for the period indicated.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018		Six Months Ended March 31, 2018
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	10,486	$	8,985
Additions to other repossessed property	7,334		11,005
Valuation adjustments and other	(512)		(525)
Sales	(582)		(2,739)
Ending balance	$	16,726	$	16,726

Investments

The following table presents the amortized cost of each category of our investment portfolio at the dates indicated.

	March 31, 2018		September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	178,563	$	228,039
Mortgage-backed securities:
Government National Mortgage Association	452,297		511,457
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation	218,838		169,147
Federal National Mortgage Association	179,268		170,247
Small Business Assistance Program	237,156		224,005
States and political subdivision securities	70,513		73,041
Other	1,006		1,006
Total	$	1,337,641	$	1,376,942

We have historically invested excess deposits in high-quality, liquid investment securities including residential agency mortgage-backed securities and, to a lesser extent, U.S. Treasury securities, corporate debt securities and securities issued by U.S. states and political subdivisions. Our investment portfolio serves as a means to collateralize FHLB borrowings and public funds deposits, to earn net spread income on excess deposits and to maintain liquidity and balance interest rate risk. Since September 30, 2017, the fair value of the portfolio has decreased by $60.4 million, or 4.4%.

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The following table presents the aggregate amortized cost of each investment category of the investment portfolio and the weighted average yield for each investment category for each maturity period held at March 31, 2018. Maturities of mortgage-backed securities may differ from contractual maturities because the mortgages underlying the securities may be called or prepaid without any penalties. The weighted-average yield ("WA Yield") on these assets is presented in the following table based on the contractual rate, as opposed to a tax equivalent yield concept.

	March 31, 2018
	Due in one year or less				Due after one year through five years				Due after five years through ten years				Due after ten years				Mortgage-backed securities				Securities without contractual maturities				Total
	Amount		WA Yield		Amount		WA Yield		Amount		WA Yield		Amount		WA Yield		Amount		WA Yield		Amount		WA Yield		Amount		WA Yield
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	34,985	1.44	%	$	143,578	1.66	%	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	—	—	%	$	178,563	1.62	%
Mortgage-backed securities	—		—	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	1,087,559		2.15	%	—		—	%	1,087,559		2.15	%
States and political subdivision securities ¹ ²	8,306		1.45	%	46,209		1.50	%	15,876		1.86	%	122		5.00	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	70,513		1.58	%
Other	—		—	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	1,006		—	%	1,006		—	%
Total	$	43,291	1.44	%	$	189,787	1.62	%	$	15,876	1.86	%	$	122	5.00	%	$	1,087,559	2.15	%	$	1,006	—	%	$	1,337,641	2.05	%
1 Information related to obligations of state and political subdivisions is presented based upon yield to first optional call date if the security is purchased at a premium, yield to maturity if purchased at par or a discount.
2 Maturity calculations for obligations of state and political subdivisions are based on the first optional call date for securities with a fair value above par and contractual maturity for securities with a fair value equal to or below par.

Asset Quality

We place an asset on nonaccrual status when management believes, after considering collection efforts and other factors, the borrowers condition is such that collection of interest is doubtful, which is generally at 90 days past due. Restructured loans for which we grant payment or significant interest rate concessions are placed on nonaccrual status until collectability improves and a satisfactory payment history is established, generally by the receipt of at least six consecutive payments. Our collection policies related to delinquent and charged-off loans are highly focused on individual relationships, and we believe that these policies are in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.

The following table presents the dollar amount of nonaccrual loans, other repossessed property, restructured performing loans and accruing loans over 90 days past due, at the end of the dates indicated. Loans covered by a FDIC loss-sharing agreement are generally pooled with other similar loans and are accreting purchase discount into income each period. Subject to compliance with the applicable loss-sharing agreement, we are indemnified by the FDIC at a rate of 80% for any future credit losses on loans covered by a FDIC loss-sharing agreement through June 4, 2020 for single-family real estate loans.

	March 31, 2018		September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans ¹
Commercial real estate ³	$	26,385	$	14,912
Agriculture ³	86,904		100,504
Commercial non-real estate ³	10,145		13,674
Residential real estate
Loans covered by a FDIC loss-sharing agreement	3,898		4,893
Loans not covered by a FDIC loss-sharing agreement	3,851		4,206
Total	7,749		9,099
Consumer ³	91		123
Total nonaccrual loans covered by a FDIC loss-sharing agreement	3,898		4,893
Total nonaccrual loans not covered by a FDIC loss-sharing agreement	127,376		133,419
Total nonaccrual loans	131,274		138,312
Other repossessed property	16,726		8,985
Total nonperforming assets	148,000		147,297
Restructured performing loans	37,796		32,490
Total nonperforming and restructured assets	$	185,796	$	179,787

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	March 31, 2018			September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Accruing loans 90 days or more past due	$	875		$	1,859
Nonperforming restructured loans included in total nonaccrual loans	$	67,385		$	71,334
Percent of total assets
Nonaccrual loans ¹
Loans not covered by a FDIC loss-sharing agreement	1.06		%	1.14		%
Total	1.09		%	1.18		%
Other repossessed property	0.14		%	0.08		%
Nonperforming assets ²	1.23		%	1.26		%
Nonperforming and restructured assets ²	1.55		%	1.54		%
1 Includes nonperforming restructured loans
2 Includes nonaccrual loans, which includes nonperforming restructured loans.
3 Loans not covered by a FDIC loss-sharing agreement

At March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, our nonperforming assets were 1.23% and 1.26%, respectively, of total assets. Nonaccrual loans were $131.3 million as of March 31, 2018, with $3.9 million of the balance covered by a FDIC loss-sharing agreement, which represented a total decrease in nonaccrual loans of $7.0 million, or 5.1%, compared to September 30, 2017. Total other repossessed property balances were $16.7 million as of March 31, 2018, an increase of $7.7 million, or 86.2%, compared to September 30, 2017.

We recognized approximately $0.6 million of interest income on loans that were on nonaccrual for the first six months of fiscal year 2018. Excluding loans covered by a FDIC loss-sharing agreement, we had average nonaccrual loans (calculated as a two-point average) of $130.4 million outstanding during the first six months of fiscal year 2018. Based on the average loan portfolio yield for these loans for the first six months of fiscal year 2018, we estimate that interest income would have been $3.1 million higher during this period had these loans been accruing.

We consistently monitor all loans internally rated “watch” or worse because that rating indicates we have identified some potential weakness emerging; but loans rated “watch” will not necessarily become problem loans or become impaired. Aside from the loans on the watch list, we do not believe we have any potential problem loans that are not already identified as nonaccrual, past due or restructured as it is our policy to promptly reclassify loans as soon as we become aware of doubts as to the borrowers’ ability to meet repayment terms.

When we grant concessions to borrowers that we would not otherwise grant if not for the borrowers’ financial difficulties, such as reduced interest rates or extensions of loan periods, we consider these modifications troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs").

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The following table outlines total TDRs, split between performing and nonperforming loans, at each of the dates indicated.

	March 31, 2018		September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate
Performing TDRs	$	617	$	1,121
Nonperforming TDRs	2,632		5,351
Total	3,249		6,472
Agriculture
Performing TDRs	29,200		22,678
Nonperforming TDRs	60,098		59,633
Total	89,298		82,311
Commercial non-real estate
Performing TDRs	7,647		8,369
Nonperforming TDRs	3,916		5,641
Total	11,563		14,010
Residential real estate
Performing TDRs	249		311
Nonperforming TDRs	739		688
Total	988		999
Consumer
Performing TDRs	83		11
Nonperforming TDRs	—		21
Total	83		32
Total performing TDRs	37,796		32,490
Total nonperforming TDRs	67,385		71,334
Total TDRs	$	105,181	$	103,824

As of March 31, 2018, total performing TDRs increased$5.3 million, or 16.3%, compared to September 30, 2017, due to the addition of one large relationship in the agriculture portfolio during the period. Total nonperforming TDRs decreased$3.9 million, or 5.5%, compared to September 30, 2017.

We entered into loss-sharing agreements with the FDIC related to certain assets (loans and other repossessed property) acquired from TierOne Bank on June 4, 2010. We are generally indemnified by the FDIC at a rate of 80% for any future credit losses through June 4, 2020 for single-family real estate loans and other repossessed property. Our commercial loss-sharing agreement with the FDIC expired in 2015.

The following table presents nonaccrual loans, TDRs, and other repossessed property covered by the remaining loss-sharing agreement; a rollforward of the allowance for loan and lease losses for loans covered by the remaining loss-sharing agreement; a rollforward of allowance for loan and lease losses for ASC 310-30 loans covered by the remaining loss-sharing agreement; and a rollforward of other repossessed property covered by the remaining loss-sharing agreement at and for the periods presented.

	At and for the six months ended March 31, 2018			At and for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Assets covered by a FDIC loss-sharing agreement
Nonaccrual loans ¹	$	3,898		$	4,893
TDRs	171			191
Other repossessed property	86			—
Allowance for loan and lease losses, loans covered by a FDIC loss-sharing agreement
Balance at beginning of period	$	196		$	907
Additional impairment recorded	52			196
Recoupment of previously-recorded impairment	(90		)	(892		)
Charge-offs	(60		)	(15		)
Balance at end of period	$	98		$	196

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	At and for the six months ended March 31, 2018		At and for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Other repossessed property covered by a loss-sharing agreement
Balance at beginning of period	$	—	$	106
Additions to other repossessed property	86		14
Sales	—		(120		)
Balance at end of period	$	86	$	—
1 Includes nonperforming restructured loans.

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

We establish an allowance for the inherent risk of probable losses within our loan portfolio. The allowance for loan and lease losses is management’s best estimate of probable credit losses that are incurred in the loan portfolio. We determine the allowance for loan and lease losses based on an ongoing evaluation, driven primarily by monitoring changes in loan risk grades, delinquencies and other credit risk indicators, which is an inherently subjective process. We consider the uncertainty related to certain industry sectors and the extent of credit exposure to specific borrowers within the portfolio. In addition, we consider concentration risks associated with the various loan portfolios and current economic conditions that might impact the portfolio. All of these estimates are susceptible to significant change. Changes to the allowance for loan and lease losses are made by charges to the provision for loan and lease losses. Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged off against the allowance for loan and lease losses. Recoveries of amounts previously charged-off are credited to the allowance for loan and lease losses.

Our allowance for loan and lease losses consists of two components. For non-impaired loans, we calculate a weighted average ratio of 12-, 36- and 60-month historical realized losses by collateral type; adjust as necessary for our interpretation of current economic conditions, environmental factors and current portfolio trends including credit quality, concentrations, aging of the portfolio and/or significant policy and underwriting changes not entirely covered by the calculated historical loss rates; and apply the loss rates to outstanding loan balances in each collateral category. We calculate the weighted average ratio of 12-, 36- and 60-month historical realized losses for each collateral type by dividing the average net annual charge-offs by the average outstanding loans of such type subject to the calculation for each of the 12-, 36- and 60-month periods, then averaging those three results. For impaired loans, we estimate our exposure for each individual relationship, given the current payment status of the loan and the value of the underlying collateral as supported by third party appraisals, broker’s price opinions, and/or the borrower’s financial statements and internal valuation assessments, each adjusted for liquidation costs. Any shortfall between the liquidation value of the underlying collateral and the recorded investment value of the loan is considered the required specific reserve amount. Actual losses in any period may exceed allowance amounts. We evaluate and adjust our allowance for loan and lease losses, and the allocation of the allowance between loan categories, each month.

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The following table presents an analysis of our allowance for loan and lease losses, including provisions for loan and lease losses, charge-offs and recoveries, for the periods indicated.

	At and for the six months ended March 31, 2018			At and for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Allowance for loan and lease losses:
Balance at beginning of period	$	63,503		$	64,642
Provision charged to expense	9,600			22,210
Recoupment of ASC 310-30 loans	(143		)	(671		)
Charge-offs:
Commercial real estate	(1,597		)	(2,043		)
Agriculture	(2,981		)	(7,853		)
Commercial non-real estate	(2,844		)	(12,576		)
Residential real estate	(275		)	(809		)
Consumer	(116		)	(196		)
Other lending	(1,091		)	(2,403		)
Total charge-offs	(8,904		)	(25,880		)
Recoveries:
Commercial real estate	209			485
Agriculture	172			415
Commercial non-real estate	209			652
Residential real estate	117			507
Consumer	42			102
Other lending	334			1,041
Total recoveries	1,083			3,202
Net loan charge-offs	(7,821		)	(22,678		)
Balance at end of period	$	65,139		$	63,503
Average total loans for the period ¹	$	9,038,987		$	8,695,672
Total loans at period end ¹	$	9,338,306		$	8,968,553
Ratios
Net charge-offs to average total loans ³	0.17		%	0.26		%
Allowance for loan and lease losses to:
Total loans	0.70		%	0.71		%
Nonaccruing loans ²	51.14		%	47.60		%
1 Loans include unpaid principal balance net of unamortized discount on acquired loans and unearned net deferred fees and costs and loans in process.
2 Nonaccruing loans excludes loans covered by a FDIC loss-sharing agreement.
3 Annualized for partial-year periods

In the first six months of fiscal year 2018, net charge-offs were $7.8 million, or 0.17% of average total loans on an annualized basis, comprised of $8.9 million of charge-offs and $1.1 million of recoveries. For fiscal year 2017, net charge-offs were $22.7 million, or 0.26%, of average total loans.

At March 31, 2018, the allowance for loan and lease losses was 0.70% of our total loan portfolio, a 1 basis point decrease compared to 0.71% at September 30, 2017. The balance of the ALLL increased to $65.1 million from $63.5 million over the same period.

Additionally, a portion of our loans which are carried at fair value, totaling $921.0 million at March 31, 2018 and $1.02 billion at September 30, 2017, respectively, have no associated allowance for loan and lease losses, but rather have a fair value adjustment related to credit risk included within their carrying value, thus driving the overall ratio of allowance for loan and lease losses to total loans lower. The amount of fair value adjustment related to credit risk on these loans was $7.5 million and $8.3 million at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively, or 0.08% and 0.09% of total loans, respectively. Finally, total purchase discount remaining on all acquired loans equates to 0.25% and 0.32% of total loans at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.

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The following table presents management’s historical allocation of the allowance for loan and lease losses by loan category, in both dollars and percentage of our total allowance for loan and lease losses, to specific loans in those categories at the dates indicated.

	March 31, 2018				September 30, 2017
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
	(dollars in thousands)
Allocation of allowance for loan and lease losses:
Commercial real estate	$	18,914	29.0	%	$	16,941	26.7	%
Agriculture	24,129		37.0	%	25,757		40.6	%
Commercial non-real estate	15,730		24.2	%	14,114		22.2	%
Residential real estate	5,111		7.9	%	5,347		8.4	%
Consumer	279		0.4	%	329		0.5	%
Other lending	976		1.5	%	1,015		1.6	%
Total	$	65,139	100.0	%	$	63,503	100.0	%

Management will continue to evaluate the loan portfolio and assess economic conditions in order to determine future allowance levels and the amount of loan and lease loss provisions. We review the appropriateness of our allowance for loan and lease losses on a monthly basis. Management monitors closely all past due and restructured loans in assessing the appropriateness of its allowance for loan and lease losses. In addition, we follow procedures for reviewing and grading all substantial commercial and agriculture relationships at least annually. Based predominantly upon the review and grading process, we determine the appropriate level of the allowance in response to our assessment of the probable risk of loss inherent in our loan portfolio. Management makes additional loan and lease loss provisions when the results of its problem loan assessment methodology or overall allowance appropriateness test indicate additional provisions are required.

The review of problem loans is an ongoing process during which management may determine that additional charge-offs are required or additional loans should be placed on nonaccrual status. We have also recorded an allowance for unfunded lending-related commitments that represents our estimate of incurred losses on the portion of lending commitments that borrowers have not advanced. The balance of the allowance for unfunded lending-related commitments was $0.5 million at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

Deposits

We obtain funds from depositors by offering consumer and business interest-bearing accounts and term time deposits. At March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, our total deposits were $9.39 billion and $8.98 billion, respectively, representing an increase of $0.41 billion, or 4.6%, which was primarily concentrated in consumer, public deposit and brokered CD accounts. Our accounts are federally insured by the FDIC up to the legal maximum.

The following table presents the balances and weighted average cost of our deposit portfolio at the following dates.

	March 31, 2018				September 30, 2017
	Amount		Weighted Avg. Cost		Amount		Weighted Avg. Cost
	(dollars in thousands)
Non-interest-bearing demand	$	1,854,734	—	%	$	1,856,126	—	%
NOW accounts, money market and savings	6,056,134		0.71	%	5,847,432		0.55	%
Time certificates, $250,000 or more	311,251		1.50	%	273,365		1.16	%
Other time certificates	1,164,848		0.94	%	1,000,690		0.78	%
Total	$	9,386,967	0.62	%	$	8,977,613	0.48	%

At March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, we had $964.5 million and $725.4 million, respectively, in brokered deposits.

Municipal public deposits constituted $935.4 million and $843.5 million of our deposit portfolio at March 31, 2018, and September 30, 2017, respectively, of which $593.3 million and $533.3 million, respectively, were required to be collateralized. Our top 10 depositors were responsible for 10.0% of our total deposits at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

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The following table presents deposits by region.

	March 31, 2018		September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
South Dakota	$	2,227,536	$	2,231,857
Iowa / Kansas / Missouri	2,777,015		2,561,315
Nebraska	2,503,368		2,521,631
Arizona	423,873		377,610
Colorado	1,148,793		1,153,058
North Dakota / Minnesota	42,769		51,527
Corporate and other	263,613		80,615
Total deposits	$	9,386,967	$	8,977,613

We fund a portion of our assets with time deposits that have balances greater than $250,000 and that have maturities generally in excess of six months. At March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, our time deposits greater than $250,000 totaled $311.3 million and $273.4 million, respectively. The following table presents the maturities of our time deposits greater than $250,000 and less than or equal to $250,000 in size at March 31, 2018.

	Greater than $250,000			Less than or equal to $250,000
	(dollars in thousands)
Remaining maturity:
Three months or less	$	43,394		$	287,022
Over three through six months	58,041			196,759
Over six through twelve months	79,406			336,496
Over twelve months	130,410			344,571
Total	$	311,251		$	1,164,848
Percent of total deposits	3.3		%	12.4		%

At March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the average remaining maturity of all time deposits was approximately 13 and 14 months, respectively. The average time deposits amount per account was approximately $33,308 and $27,870 at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.

Derivatives

In 2017, we began a new program of selling interest swaps directly to customers. These interest rate swaps sales are used to enable customers to achieve a long-term fixed rate by selling the customer a long-term variable rate loan indexed to LIBOR plus a credit spread whereby the Bank enters into an interest rate swap with our customer where the customer pays a fixed rate of interest set at the time of origination on the interest rate swap and then the customer receives a floating rate equal to the rate paid on the loan, thus resulting in a fixed rate of interest over the life of the interest rate swap. We then enter into a mirrored interest rate swap with a swap dealer where we pay and receive the same fixed and floating rate as we pay and receive from the interest rate swap we have with our customer. As the interest paid and received by us on the two swaps net to zero, we are left with the variable rate of the long-term loan.

Beginning in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, the Company entered into risk participation agreements ("RPA"s) with some of its derivative counterparties to assume the credit exposure related to interest rate derivative contracts. The Company's loan customer enters into an interest rate swap directly with a derivative counterparty and the Company agrees through an RPA to take on the counterparty's risk of loss on the interest rate swap due to a default by the customer. As of March 31, 2018, the amounts of these instruments were not material to the financial statements.

Prior to 2017 we entered into fixed-rate loans having original maturities of 5 years or greater (typically between 5 and 15 years) with certain of our commercial and agribusiness banking customers to assist them in facilitating their risk management strategies. We mitigated our interest rate risk associated with certain of these loans by entering into equal and offsetting fixed-to-floating interest rate swap agreements for these loans with swap counterparties. We elected to account for the loans at fair value under ASC 825 Fair ValueOption. Changes in the fair value of these loans are recorded in earnings as a component of noninterest income in the relevant period. The related interest rate swaps are recognized as either assets or liabilities in our financial statements and any gains or losses on these swaps, both realized and unrealized, are recorded in earnings as a component of noninterest income. The interest rate swaps are fully effective from an interest rate risk perspective, as gains and losses on our swaps are directly offset by

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changes in fair value of the hedged loans (i.e., swap interest rate risk adjustments are directly offset by associated loan interest rate risk adjustments). Consequently, any changes in noninterest income associated with changes in fair value resulting from interest rate movement, as opposed to changes in credit quality, on the loans are directly offset by equal and opposite unrealized charges to or reductions in noninterest income for the related interest rate swap. Any changes in the fair value of the loans related to credit quality and the current realized gain (loss) on derivatives are not offsetting amounts within noninterest income. To ensure the correlation of movements in fair value between the interest rate swap and the related loan, we pass on all economic costs associated with our hedging activity resulting from loan customer prepayments (partial or full) to the customer.

Short-Term Borrowings

Our primary sources of short-term borrowings include securities sold under repurchase agreements and certain FHLB advances maturing within 12 months. The following table presents certain information with respect to only our borrowings with original maturities less than 12 months at and for the periods noted.

	At and for the Six Months Ended March 31, 2018			At and for the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Short-term borrowings:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	$	103,291		$	132,636
FHLB advances	425,000			587,200
Total short-term borrowings	$	528,291		$	719,836
Maximum amount outstanding at any month-end during the period	$	781,884		$	719,836
Average amount outstanding during the period	$	587,306		$	352,395
Weighted average rate for the period	1.23		%	0.70		%
Weighted average rate as of date indicated	1.24		%	1.24		%

We have a $10.0 million revolving line of credit with a large national bank, which expires July 28, 2018, at an interest rate of one month LIBOR plus 200 basis points. At March 31, 2018, we did not have any advances on the line of credit.

Other Borrowings

We have outstanding $75.9 million of junior subordinated debentures to affiliated trusts in connection with the issuance of trust preferred securities by such trusts as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017. We are permitted under applicable laws and regulations to count these trust preferred securities as part of our Tier 1 capital.

We issued $35.0 million of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes that mature on August 15, 2025 through a private placement. The notes, which qualify as Tier 2 capital under capital rules in effect at March 31, 2018, have an interest rate of 4.875% per annum, payable semi-annually on each February 15 and August 15, commencing on February 15, 2016 until August 15, 2020. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, we incurred $1.2 million in interest expense on all outstanding subordinated debentures and notes compared to $1.1 million in the same period in fiscal year 2017. During the first six months of fiscal year 2018 and 2017, interest expense on all outstanding subordinated debentures and notes was $2.4 million and $2.2 million, respectively.

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Off-Balance Sheet Commitments, Commitments, Guarantees and Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes the maturity of our contractual obligations and other commitments to make future payments at March 31, 2018. Customer deposit obligations categorized as “not determined” include noninterest-bearing demand accounts, NOW accounts, money market and savings accounts with no stated maturity date.

	Less Than 1 Year		1 to 2 Years		2 to 5 Years		>5 Years		Not Determined		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Contractual Obligations:
Customer deposits	$	975,309	$	257,847	$	215,909	$	1,225	$	7,936,677	$	9,386,967
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase	103,291		—		—		—		—		103,291
FHLB advances and other borrowings	456,000		70,000		—		25,000		—		551,000
Subordinated debentures	—		—		—		75,920		—		75,920
Subordinated notes payable	—		—		—		35,000		—		35,000
Operating leases, net of sublease income	5,207		4,523		8,757		6,629		—		25,116
Accrued interest payable	6,165		—		—		—		—		6,165
Interest on FHLB advances	2,536		2,428		2,745		305		—		8,014
Interest on subordinated notes payable	3,241		3,241		9,722		37,959		—		54,163
Interest on subordinated debentures	1,706		1,706		5,119		4,052		—		12,583
Other Commitments:
Commitments to extend credit—non-credit card	$	1,275,366	$	162,622	$	567,643	$	298,437	$	—	$	2,304,068
Commitments to extend credit—credit card	215,351		—		—		—		—		215,351
Letters of credit	66,906		—		—		—		—		66,906

Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk

In the normal course of business, we enter into various transactions that are not included in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. These transactions include commitments to extend credit to our customers and letters of credit. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer provided there is no violation of any condition established in the commitment. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued primarily to support or guarantee the performance of a customer’s obligations to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as originating a loan to the customer. We manage the risks associated with these arrangements by evaluating each customer’s creditworthiness prior to issuance through a process similar to that used by us in deciding whether to extend credit to the customer.

The following table presents the total notional amounts of all commitments by us to extend credit and letters of credit as of the dates indicated.

	March 31, 2018		September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Commitments to extend credit	$	2,519,419	$	2,515,653
Letters of credit	66,906		70,186
Total	$	2,586,325	$	2,585,839

Liquidity

Liquidity refers to our ability to maintain cash flow that is adequate to fund operations and meet present and future financial obligations through either the sale or maturity of existing assets or by obtaining additional funding through liability management. We consider the effective and prudent management of liquidity to be fundamental to our health and strength. Our objective is to manage our cash flow and liquidity reserves so that they are adequate to fund our obligations and other commitments on a timely basis and at a reasonable cost.

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Our liquidity risk is managed through a comprehensive framework of policies and limits overseen by our bank’s asset and liability committee. We continuously monitor and make adjustments to our liquidity position by adjusting the balance between sources and uses of funds as we deem appropriate. Our primary measures of liquidity include monthly cash flow analyses under ordinary business activities and conditions and under situations simulating a severe run on our bank. We also monitor our bank’s deposit to loan ratio to ensure high quality funding is available to support our strategic lending growth objectives, and have internal management targets for the FDIC’s liquidity ratio, net short-term non-core funding dependence ratio and non-core liabilities to total assets ratio. The results of these measures and analyses are incorporated into our contingency funding plan, which provides the basis for the identification of our liquidity needs. We also acquire brokered deposits when the cost of funds is advantageous to other funding sources.

Great Western Bancorp, Inc. Our primary source of liquidity is cash obtained from dividends paid by our bank. We primarily use our cash for the payment of dividends, when and if declared by our Board of Directors and the payment of interest on our outstanding junior subordinated debentures and subordinated notes. We also use cash, as necessary, to satisfy the needs of our bank through equity contributions and for acquisitions. At March 31, 2018, our holding company had $61.9 million of cash. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, we declared and paid a dividend of $0.20 per common share. The outstanding amounts under our revolving line of credit with a large retail bank and our private placement subordinated capital notes together totaled $35.0 million at March 31, 2018. Our management believes that the sources of available liquidity are adequate to meet all reasonably foreseeable short-term and intermediate-term demands. We may consider raising additional capital in public or private offerings of debt or equity securities.

Great Western Bank. Our bank maintains sufficient liquidity by maintaining minimum levels of excess cash reserves (measured on a daily basis), a sufficient amount of unencumbered, highly liquid assets and access to contingent funding with the FHLB. At March 31, 2018, our bank had cash of $371.7 million and $1.31 billion of highly-liquid securities held in our investment portfolio, of which $920.6 million were pledged as collateral on public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and for other purposes as required or permitted by law. The balance could be sold to meet liquidity requirements. Our bank has a letter of credit from the FHLB, which is pledged as collateral on public deposits, for $150.0 million. Our bank had $551.0 million in FHLB borrowings at March 31, 2018, with additional available lines of $1.47 billion. Our bank also had an additional borrowing capacity of $1.69 billion with the FRB Discount Window. Our bank primarily uses liquidity to meet loan requests and commitments (including commitments under letters of credit), to accommodate outflows in deposits and to take advantage of interest rate market opportunities. At March 31, 2018, we had a total of $2.59 billion of outstanding exposure under commitments to extend credit and issued letters of credit. Our management believes that the sources of available liquidity are adequate to meet all our bank’s reasonably foreseeable short-term and intermediate-term demands.

Capital

As a bank holding company, we must comply with the capital requirements established by the Federal Reserve, and our bank must comply with the capital requirements established by the FDIC. The current risk-based guidelines applicable to us and our bank are based on the Basel III framework, as implemented by the federal bank regulators.

The following table presents our regulatory capital ratios at March 31, 2018 and the standards for both well-capitalized depository institutions and minimum capital requirements. Our capital ratios exceeded applicable regulatory requirements as of that date.

	Actual
	Capital Amount		Ratio		Minimum Capital Requirement Ratio		Well Capitalized Ratio
	(dollars in thousands)
Great Western Bancorp, Inc.
Tier 1 capital	$	1,148,709	11.5	%	6.0	%	8.0	%
Total capital	1,249,331		12.5	%	8.0	%	10.0	%
Tier 1 leverage	1,148,709		10.4	%	4.0	%	5.0	%
Common equity Tier 1	1,075,153		10.7	%	6.375	%	6.5	%
Risk-weighted assets	10,016,719

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	Actual
	Capital Amount		Ratio		Minimum Capital Requirement Ratio		Well Capitalized Ratio
	(dollars in thousands)
Great Western Bank
Tier 1 capital	$	1,119,756	11.2	%	6.0	%	8.0	%
Total capital	1,185,378		11.8	%	8.0	%	10.0	%
Tier 1 leverage	1,119,756		10.2	%	4.0	%	5.0	%
Common equity Tier 1	1,119,756		11.2	%	6.375	%	6.5	%
Risk-weighted assets	10,014,293

At March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, our Tier 1 capital included an aggregate of $73.6 million and $73.5 million, respectively, of trust preferred securities issued by our subsidiaries. At March 31, 2018, our Tier 2 capital included $65.1 million of the allowance for loan and lease losses and $35.0 million of private placement subordinated capital notes. At September 30, 2017, our Tier 2 capital included $63.5 million of the allowance for loan and lease losses and $35.0 million of private placement subordinated capital notes. Our total risk-weighted assets were $10.02 billion at March 31, 2018.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We rely on certain non-GAAP measures in making financial and operational decisions about our business. We believe that each of the non-GAAP measures presented is helpful in highlighting trends in our business, financial condition and results of operations which might not otherwise be apparent when relying solely on our financial results calculated in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. We disclose net interest income and related ratios and analysis on a taxable-equivalent basis, which may also be considered non-GAAP financial measures. We believe this presentation to be the preferred industry measurement of net interest income as it provides a relevant comparison of net interest income arising from taxable and tax-exempt sources. In addition, certain performance measures, including the efficiency ratio and net interest margin utilize net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis.

In particular, we evaluate our profitability and performance based on our adjusted net income, adjusted earnings per common share, tangible net income and return on average tangible common equity. Our adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per common share exclude the after-tax effect of items with a significant impact to net income that we do not believe to be recurring in nature, (e.g., one-time acquisition expenses as well as the effect of revaluation of deferred taxes). Our tangible net income and return on average tangible common equity exclude the effects of amortization expense relating to intangible assets and related tax effects from the acquisition of us by NAB and our acquisitions of other institutions. We believe these measures help highlight trends associated with our financial condition and results of operations by providing net income and return information excluding significant nonrecurring items (for adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per share) and based on our cash payments and receipts during the applicable period (for tangible net income and return on average tangible common equity).

We also evaluate our profitability and performance based on our adjusted net interest income, adjusted net interest margin, adjusted interest income on non ASC 310-30 loans and adjusted yield on non ASC 310-30 loans. We adjust each of these four measures to include the current realized gain (loss) of derivatives we use to manage interest rate risk on certain of our loans, which we believe economically offsets the interest income earned on the loans. Similarly, we evaluate our operational efficiency based on our efficiency ratio, which excludes the effect of amortization of core deposit and other intangibles (a non-cash expense item) and includes the tax benefit associated with our tax-advantaged loans.

We evaluate our financial condition based on the ratio of our tangible common equity to our tangible assets and the ratio of our tangible common equity to common shares outstanding. Our calculation of this ratio excludes the effect of our goodwill and other intangible assets. We believe this measure is helpful in highlighting the common equity component of our capital and because of its focus by federal bank regulators when reviewing the health and strength of financial institutions in recent years and when considering regulatory approvals for certain actions, including capital actions. We also believe the ratio of our tangible common equity to common shares outstanding is helpful in understanding our stockholders’ relative ownership position as we undertake various actions to issue and retire common shares outstanding.

Reconciliations for each of these non-GAAP financial measures to the closest GAAP financial measures are included in the following tables. Each of the non-GAAP measures presented should be considered in context with our GAAP financial results included in this filing.

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	At or for the six months ended:						At or for the three months ended:
	March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017			March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			September 30, 2017			June 30, 2017			March 31, 2017
	(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)
Adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per common share:
Net income - GAAP	$	69,762		$	72,065		$	40,532		$	29,230		$	37,662		$	35,060		$	35,162
Add: Acquisition expenses, net of tax	—			440			—			—			—			—			—
Add: Deferred taxes revaluation	13,586			—			—			13,586			—			—			—
Adjusted net income	$	83,348		$	72,505		$	40,532		$	42,816		$	37,662		$	35,060		$	35,162
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding	59,116,923			59,032,787			59,146,117			59,087,729			58,914,144			59,130,632			59,073,669
Earnings per common share - diluted	$	1.18		$	1.22		$	0.69		$	0.49		$	0.64		$	0.59		$	0.60
Adjusted earnings per common share - diluted	$	1.41		$	1.23		$	0.69		$	0.72		$	0.64		$	0.59		$	0.60
Tangible net income and return on average tangible common equity:
Net income - GAAP	$	69,762		$	72,065		$	40,532		$	29,230		$	37,662		$	35,060		$	35,162
Add: Amortization of intangible assets, net of tax	751			1,176			376			376			380			488			500
Tangible net income	$	70,513		$	73,241		$	40,908		$	29,606		$	38,042		$	35,548		$	35,662
Average common equity	$	1,765,622		$	1,676,506		$	1,770,117		$	1,761,127		$	1,740,429		$	1,715,460		$	1,686,770
Less: Average goodwill and other intangible assets	747,930			749,964			747,716			748,144			748,571			749,074			749,638
Average tangible common equity	$	1,017,692		$	926,542		$	1,022,401		$	1,012,983		$	991,858		$	966,386		$	937,132
Return on average common equity *	7.9		%	8.6		%	9.3		%	6.6		%	8.6		%	8.2		%	8.5		%
Return on average tangible common equity **	13.9		%	15.9		%	16.2		%	11.6		%	15.2		%	14.8		%	15.4		%
* Calculated as net income - GAAP divided by average common equity. Annualized for partial-year periods.
** Calculated as tangible net income divided by average tangible common equity. Annualized for partial-year periods.
Adjusted net interest income and adjusted net interest margin (fully-tax equivalent basis):
Net interest income - GAAP	$	201,176		$	192,637		$	100,553		$	100,622		$	99,672		$	96,888		$	95,744
Add: Tax equivalent adjustment	3,181			4,323			1,616			1,565			2,122			2,154			2,182
Net interest income (FTE)	204,357			196,960			102,169			102,187			101,794			99,042			97,926
Add: Current realized derivative gain (loss)	(4,116		)	(8,361		)	(1,640		)	(2,476		)	(2,714		)	(3,320		)	(3,875		)
Adjusted net interest income (FTE)	$	200,241		$	188,599		$	100,529		$	99,711		$	99,080		$	95,722		$	94,051
Average interest-earning assets	$	10,492,091		$	10,215,580		$	10,571,300		$	10,412,882		$	10,283,401		$	10,124,404		$	10,144,875
Net interest margin (FTE) *	3.91		%	3.87		%	3.92		%	3.89		%	3.93		%	3.92		%	3.91		%
Adjusted net interest margin (FTE) **	3.83		%	3.70		%	3.86		%	3.80		%	3.82		%	3.79		%	3.76		%
* Calculated as net interest income (FTE) divided by average interest earning assets. Annualized for partial-year periods.
** Calculated as adjusted net interest income (FTE) divided by average interest earning assets. Annualized for partial-year periods.
Adjusted interest income and adjusted yield (fully-tax equivalent basis), on non ASC 310-30 loans:
Interest income - GAAP	$	211,746		$	194,760		$	106,811		$	104,935		$	102,998		$	98,724		$	97,170
Add: Tax equivalent adjustment	3,181			4,323			1,616			1,565			2,122			2,154			2,182
Interest income (FTE)	214,927			199,083			108,427			106,500			105,120			100,878			99,352
Add: Current realized derivative gain (loss)	(4,116		)	(8,361		)	(1,640		)	(2,476		)	(2,714		)	(3,320		)	(3,875		)
Adjusted interest income (FTE)	$	210,811		$	190,722		$	106,787		$	104,024		$	102,406		$	97,558		$	95,477
Average non ASC 310-30 loans	$	8,952,914		$	8,523,800		$	9,064,899		$	8,840,929		$	8,728,514		$	8,550,349		$	8,531,652
Yield (FTE) *	4.81		%	4.68		%	4.85		%	4.78		%	4.78		%	4.73		%	4.72		%
Adjusted yield (FTE) **	4.72		%	4.49		%	4.78		%	4.67		%	4.65		%	4.58		%	4.54		%
* Calculated as interest income (FTE) divided by average loans. Annualized for partial-year periods.
** Calculated as adjusted interest income (FTE) divided by average loans. Annualized for partial-year periods.

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	At or for the six months ended:						At or for the three months ended:
	March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017			March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			September 30, 2017			June 30, 2017			March 31, 2017
	(Dollars in thousands except share and per share amounts)
Efficiency ratio:
Total revenue - GAAP	$	236,592		$	223,783		$	119,295		$	117,296		$	114,412		$	114,215		$	111,233
Add: Tax equivalent adjustment	3,181			4,323			1,616			1,565			2,122			2,154			2,182
Total revenue (FTE)	$	239,773		$	228,106		$	120,911		$	118,861		$	116,534		$	116,369		$	113,415
Noninterest expense	$	114,012		$	106,389		$	59,144		$	54,868		$	55,332		$	54,922		$	53,852
Less: Amortization of intangible assets	852			1,389			426			426			430			538			550
Tangible noninterest expense	$	113,160		$	105,000		$	58,718		$	54,442		$	54,902		$	54,384		$	53,302
Efficiency ratio *	47.2		%	46.0		%	48.6		%	45.8		%	47.1		%	46.7		%	47.0		%
* Calculated as the ratio of tangible noninterest expense to total revenue (FTE).
Tangible common equity and tangible common equity to tangible assets:
Total stockholders' equity	$	1,788,698		$	1,706,861		$	1,788,698		$	1,767,873		$	1,755,000		$	1,732,983		$	1,706,861
Less: Goodwill and other intangible assets	747,545			749,366			747,545			747,971			748,397			748,828			749,366
Tangible common equity	$	1,041,153		$	957,495		$	1,041,153		$	1,019,902		$	1,006,603		$	984,155		$	957,495
Total assets	$	11,992,317		$	11,356,841		$	11,992,317		$	11,806,581		$	11,690,011		$	11,466,184		$	11,356,841
Less: Goodwill and other intangible assets	747,545			749,366			747,545			747,971			748,397			748,828			749,366
Tangible assets	$	11,244,772		$	10,607,475		$	11,244,772		$	11,058,610		$	10,941,614		$	10,717,356		$	10,607,475
Tangible common equity to tangible assets	9.3		%	9.0		%	9.3		%	9.2		%	9.2		%	9.2		%	9.0		%
Tangible book value per share:
Total stockholders' equity	$	1,788,698		$	1,706,861		$	1,788,698		$	1,767,873		$	1,755,000		$	1,732,983		$	1,706,861
Less: Goodwill and other intangible assets	747,545			749,366			747,545			747,971			748,397			748,828			749,366
Tangible common equity	$	1,041,153		$	957,495		$	1,041,153		$	1,019,902		$	1,006,603		$	984,155		$	957,495
Common shares outstanding	58,896,189			58,760,517			58,896,189			58,896,189			58,834,066			58,761,597			58,760,517
Book value per share - GAAP	$	30.37		$	29.05		$	30.37		$	30.02		$	29.83		$	29.49		$	29.05
Tangible book value per share	$	17.68		$	16.29		$	17.68		$	17.32		$	17.11		$	16.75		$	16.29

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

Our financial statements included in this report have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires us to measure financial position and operating results primarily in terms of historic dollars. Changes in the relative value of money due to inflation or recession generally are not considered. The primary effect of inflation on our operations is reflected in increased operating costs. In our management’s opinion, changes in interest rates affect the financial condition of a financial institution to a far greater degree than changes in the inflation rate. While interest rates are greatly influenced by changes in the inflation rate, they do not necessarily change at the same rate or in the same magnitude as the inflation rate. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control, including changes in the expected rate of inflation, the influence of general and local economic conditions and the monetary and fiscal policies of the United States government, its agencies and various other governmental regulatory authorities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See "Note 2. New Accounting Pronouncements" in the accompanying "Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements" included in this report for a discussion of new accounting pronouncements and their expected impact on our financial statements.

Critical Accounting Policies and the Impact of Accounting Estimates

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and accounting estimates from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As of March 31, 2018, there have been no material changes in the quantitative and qualitative information about market risk provided pursuant to Item 305 of Regulation S-K as presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.

Evaluation of Interest Rate Risk

We use a net interest income simulation model to measure and evaluate potential changes in our net interest income. We run various hypothetical interest rate scenarios at least monthly and compare these results against a scenario with no changes in interest rates. Our net interest income simulation model incorporates various assumptions, which we believe are reasonable but which may have a significant impact on results such as: (1) the timing of changes in interest rates, (2) shifts or rotations in the yield curve, (3) re-pricing characteristics for market-rate-sensitive instruments on and off balance sheet, (4) differing sensitivities of financial instruments due to differing underlying rate indices, (5) varying loan prepayment speeds for different interest rate scenarios, (6) the effect of interest rate limitations in our assets, such as floors and caps, (7) the effect of our interest rate swaps, and (8) overall growth and repayment rates and product mix of assets and liabilities. Because of limitations inherent in any approach used to measure interest rate risk, simulation results are not intended as a forecast of the actual effect of a change in market interest rates on our results but rather as a means to better plan and execute appropriate asset-liability management strategies and manage our interest rate risk.

Potential changes to our adjusted net interest income (i.e., GAAP net interest income plus current realized gain or loss on derivatives) in hypothetical rising and declining rate scenarios calculated as of March 31, 2018 are presented in the following table. The projections assume (1) immediate, parallel shifts downward of the yield curve of 100 basis points and immediate, parallel shifts upward of the yield curve of 100, 200, 300 and 400 basis points and (2) gradual shifts downward of 100 basis points over 12 months and gradual shifts upward of 100, 200, 300 and 400 basis points over 12 months. In the current interest rate environment, a downward shift of the yield curve of 200, 300 and 400 basis points does not provide us with meaningful results. In a downward parallel shift of the yield curve, interest rates at the short-end of the yield curve are not modeled to decline any further than 0%. For the immediate-shift scenarios, we assume short-term rates follow a forward yield curve throughout the forecast period that is dictated by the instantaneously shocked yield curve from the as of date. In the gradual-shift scenarios, we take each rate across the yield curve from the as of date and shock it by 1/12th of the total change in rates each month for twelve months.

	Estimated Increase (Decrease) in Annualized Adjusted Net Interest Income for the Quarter Ended March 31, 2018
Change in Market Interest Rates as of March 31, 2018	Twelve Months Ending March 31, 2018		Twelve Months Ending March 31, 2019
Immediate Shifts
+400 basis points	11.94	%	18.11	%
+300 basis points	8.97	%	13.64	%
+200 basis points	6.00	%	9.17	%
+100 basis points	3.01	%	4.62	%
-100 basis points	(4.49	)%	(6.54	)%
Gradual Shifts
+400 basis points	4.46	%
+300 basis points	3.35	%
+200 basis points	2.25	%
+100 basis points	1.13	%
-100 basis points	(1.78	)%

We primarily use interest rate swaps to ensure that long-term fixed-rate loans are effectively re-priced as short-term rates change, which we believe would allow us to achieve these results.  The results of this simulation analysis are hypothetical, and a variety of factors might cause actual results to differ substantially from what is depicted. For example, if the timing and magnitude of interest rate changes differ from those projected, our net interest income might vary significantly. Non-parallel yield curve shifts, such as a flattening or steepening of the yield curve or changes in interest rate spreads, would also cause our net interest income to be different from that depicted. An increasing interest rate environment could reduce projected net interest income if deposits and other short-term liabilities re-price faster than expected or faster than our assets re-price. Actual results could differ from those projected if we grow assets and liabilities faster or slower than estimated, if we experience a net outflow of deposit liabilities or if our mix of assets and liabilities otherwise changes. Actual results could also differ from those projected if we experience substantially different

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repayment speeds in our loan portfolio than those assumed in the simulation model. Finally, these simulation results do not contemplate all the actions that we may undertake in response to potential or actual changes in interest rates, such as changes to our loan, investment, deposit, funding or hedging strategies.

For more information on our adjusted net interest income, including a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, see "—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" above.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.  As of the end of the period covered by this report, our management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act), to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the design and operation of these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.  During the most recently completed fiscal quarter, there was no change made in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we are a party to various litigation and regulatory matters incidental to the conduct of our business. We establish reserves for such matters when potential losses become probable and can be reasonably estimated. We believe the ultimate resolution of existing litigation and regulatory matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, changes in circumstances or additional information could result in additional accruals or resolution of these matters in excess of established accruals, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, potentially materially.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There are certain risks and uncertainties in our business that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated. See “PART I - Item 1A. - Risk Factors” of the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Great Western Bancorp, Inc., for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017 (the “2017 Form 10-K”), which includes a detailed discussion of our risk factors. Other than as noted below, our risk factors have not changed significantly from those disclosed in our 2017 Form 10-K. These risk factors should be read carefully in connection with evaluating our business and in connection with the forward-looking statements and other information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Any of the risks described in our 2017 Form 10-K could materially affect our business, consolidated financial condition or future results of operations and the actual outcome of matters as to which forward-looking statements are made. The risk factors described in our 2017 Form 10-K are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we currently deem to be immaterial, also may materially adversely affect our business, consolidated financial condition and/or future results of operations.

Changes in U.S. trade policies and other factors beyond the Company’s control may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Following the U.S. presidential election in 2016, there has been discussion and dialogue regarding potential changes to U.S. trade policies, legislation, treaties and tariffs, including trade policies and tariffs affecting China and retaliatory tariffs by China. Tariffs, retaliatory tariffs or other trade restrictions on products and materials that our customers import or export, including among others, agricultural products, could cause the prices of our customers’ products to increase which could reduce demand for such

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products, or reduce our customer margins, and adversely impact their revenues, financial results and ability to service debt; which, in turn, could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, to the extent changes in the political environment have a negative impact on us or on the markets in which we operate our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely impacted in the future. It remains unclear what the U.S. Administration or foreign governments will or will not do with respect to tariffs, international trade agreements and policies. A trade war or other governmental action related to tariffs or international trade agreements or policies has the potential to negatively impact ours and/or our customers costs, demand for our customers products, and/or the U.S. economy or certain sectors thereof and, thus, adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Sales of Unregistered Equity Securities

None.

Purchases of Equity Securities

We did not repurchase any of our common stock during the second quarter of fiscal year 2018.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

EX - 11.1 Statement regarding Computation of Per Share Earnings (included as Note 19 to the registrant's unaudited consolidated financial statements)

EX - 31.1 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Great Western Bancorp, Inc. in accordance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

EX - 31.2 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Great Western Bancorp, Inc. in accordance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

EX - 32.1 Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Great Western Bancorp, Inc. in accordance with Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

EX - 32.2 Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Great Western Bancorp, Inc. in accordance with Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	Great Western Bancorp, Inc.
Date: May 8, 2018	By: ______/s/_Peter Chapman_________________ Name: Peter Chapman Title: Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President (Principal Financial Officer and Authorized Officer)

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Number	Description
11.1	Statement regarding Computation of Per Share Earnings (included as Note 19 to the registrant's unaudited consolidated financial statements)
31.1*	Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Great Western Bancorp, Inc. in accordance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*	Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Great Western Bancorp, Inc. in accordance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*	Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Great Western Bancorp, Inc. in accordance with Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*	Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Great Western Bancorp, Inc. in accordance with Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS**	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH**	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL**	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF**	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB**	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE**	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
* Filed herewith
** Furnished, not filed

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Ken Karels, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Great Western Bancorp, Inc., certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Great Western Bancorp, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(c) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 8, 2018	By:	/s/ Ken Karels
	Name:	Ken Karels
	Title:	Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Peter Chapman, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Great Western Bancorp, Inc., certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Great Western Bancorp, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(c) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 8, 2018	By:	/s/ Peter Chapman
	Name:	Peter Chapman
	Title:	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Great Western Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Ken Karels, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 8, 2018	By:	/s/ Ken Karels
	Name:	Ken Karels
	Title:	Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Great Western Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Peter Chapman, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 8, 2018	By:	/s/ Peter Chapman
	Name:	Peter Chapman
	Title:	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	May 01, 2018
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	Great Western Bancorp, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001613665
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--09-30
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2018
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		58,896,189

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$ 168,357	$ 170,657
Interest-bearing bank deposits	203,392	189,739
Cash and cash equivalents	371,749	360,396
Securities available for sale	1,307,598	1,367,960
Loans, net of unearned discounts and deferred fees, including $50,727 and $57,537 of loans covered by a FDIC loss share agreement at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively, and $920,965 and $1,016,576 of loans at fair value under the fair value option at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively, and $2,429 and $7,456 of loans held for sale at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively	9,338,306	8,968,553
Allowance for loan and lease losses	(65,139)	(63,503)
Net loans	9,273,167	8,905,050
Premises and equipment, including $1,109 and $5,147 of property held for sale at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively	107,048	112,209
Accrued interest receivable	49,353	53,176
Other repossessed property, including $86 and $0 of property covered by FDIC loss share agreements at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively	16,726	8,985
Goodwill	739,023	739,023
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	30,032	29,619
Net deferred tax assets	31,629	42,400
Other assets	65,992	71,193
Total assets	11,992,317	11,690,011
Deposits
Noninterest-bearing	1,854,734	1,856,126
Interest-bearing	7,532,233	7,121,487
Total deposits	9,386,967	8,977,613
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	103,291	132,636
FHLB advances and other borrowings	551,003	643,214
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable	108,385	108,302
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	53,973	73,246
Total liabilities	10,203,619	9,935,011
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 500,000,000 shares; 58,896,189 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2018 and 58,834,066 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017	589	588
Additional paid-in capital	1,316,150	1,314,039
Retained earnings	494,312	445,747
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)	(22,353)	(5,374)
Total stockholders' equity	1,788,698	1,755,000
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 11,992,317	$ 11,690,011

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Assets
Loans covered by FDIC loss share agreements	$ 50,727	$ 57,537
Loans and written loan commitments at fair value under the fair value option	920,965	1,016,576
Loan held for sale	2,429	7,456
Property held for sale	1,109	5,147
Property covered under FDIC loss share agreements	$ 86	$ 0
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	58,896,189	58,834,066
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	58,896,189	58,834,066

XML

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Interest income
Loans	$ 109,993	$ 99,481	$ 217,674	$ 199,413
Investment securities	7,013	6,538	14,055	12,916
Federal funds sold and other	227	219	458	565
Total interest income	117,233	106,238	232,187	212,894
Interest expense
Deposits	12,658	7,829	23,656	15,118
FHLB advances and other borrowings	2,815	1,567	4,978	2,953
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable	1,207	1,098	2,377	2,186
Total interest expense	16,680	10,494	31,011	20,257
Net interest income	100,553	95,744	201,176	192,637
Provision for loan and lease losses	4,900	4,009	9,457	11,058
Net interest income after provision for loan and lease losses	95,653	91,735	191,719	181,579
Noninterest income
Service charges and other fees	12,047	13,574	25,224	27,410
Wealth management fees	2,335	2,429	4,519	4,683
Mortgage banking income, net	1,166	1,640	2,826	4,302
Net (loss) gain on sale of securities	(8)	44	(9)	44
Net (decrease) in fair value of loans at fair value	(14,838)	(5,216)	(23,502)	(69,218)
Net realized and unrealized gain on derivatives	14,282	1,592	21,509	60,568
Other	3,758	1,426	4,849	3,357
Total noninterest income	18,742	15,489	35,416	31,146
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	33,672	32,370	66,539	64,004
Data processing and communication	9,190	6,879	16,074	13,595
Occupancy and equipment	5,290	5,123	10,138	9,946
Professional fees	4,027	3,559	8,267	6,394
Advertising	1,121	995	2,181	1,970
Net loss recognized on repossessed property and other related expenses	1,000	397	1,214	1,056
Amortization of core deposits and other intangibles	426	550	852	1,389
Acquisition expenses	0	0	0	710
Other	4,418	3,979	8,747	7,325
Total noninterest expense	59,144	53,852	114,012	106,389
Income before income taxes	55,251	53,372	113,123	106,336
Provision for income taxes	14,719	18,210	43,361	34,271
Net income	$ 40,532	$ 35,162	$ 69,762	$ 72,065
Basic earnings per common share
Weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	58,941,315	58,788,802	58,921,972	58,769,662
Earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.69	$ 0.60	$ 1.18	$ 1.23
Diluted earnings per common share
Weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	59,146,117	59,073,669	59,116,923	59,032,787
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.69	$ 0.60	$ 1.18	$ 1.22
Dividends per share
Dividends paid	$ 11,780	$ 9,989	$ 23,550	$ 19,970
Dividends per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.20	$ 0.17	$ 0.40	$ 0.34

XML

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 40,532	$ 35,162	$ 69,762	$ 72,065
Securities available for sale:
Net unrealized holding (loss) gain arising during the period	(12,425)	1,815	(21,070)	(19,653)
Reclassification adjustment for net loss (gain) realized in net income	8	(44)	9	(44)
Income tax benefit (expense)	3,062	(673)	6,345	7,485
Net change in unrealized (loss) gain on securities available for sale	(9,355)	1,098	(14,716)	(12,212)
Defined benefit pension plan obligation:
Net unrealized holding gain arising during the year	0	0	145	0
Income tax (expense)	0	0	(55)	0
Net change in defined benefit pension plan obligation	0	0	90	0
Other comprehensive (loss) gain, net of tax	(9,355)	1,098	(14,626)	(12,212)
Comprehensive income	$ 31,177	$ 36,260	$ 55,136	$ 59,853

XML

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Total	Comprehensive Income	Common Stock Par Value	Additional Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Beginning balance at Sep. 30, 2016		$ 1,663,391		$ 587	$ 1,312,347	$ 344,923	$ 5,534
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income		72,065	$ 72,065			72,065
Other comprehensive (loss), net of tax		(12,212)	(12,212)				(12,212)
Comprehensive income		59,853	59,853
Stock-based compensation, net of tax		3,587			3,587
Common stock cash dividends		(19,970)				(19,970)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2017		1,706,861		587	1,315,934	397,018	(6,678)
Beginning balance at Sep. 30, 2017		1,755,000		588	1,314,039	445,747	(5,374)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income		69,762	69,762			69,762
Other comprehensive (loss), net of tax		(14,626)	(14,626)				(14,626)
Comprehensive income		55,136	$ 55,136
Stock-based compensation, net of tax		2,112		1	2,111
Reclassification due to adoption of ASU 2018-02	[1]	0				2,353	(2,353)
Common stock cash dividends		(23,550)				(23,550)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2018		$ 1,788,698		$ 589	$ 1,316,150	$ 494,312	$ (22,353)

[1] Reclassification due to adoption of ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. See Note 2, New Accounting Pronouncements and Note 15, Income Taxes, for additional information.

XML

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Cash dividends paid on common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 0.20	$ 0.17

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Operating activities
Net income	$ 69,762	$ 72,065
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	5,943	7,984
Amortization of FDIC indemnification asset	1,689	1,981
Net loss on sale of securities and other assets	2,143	1,061
Gain on redemption of subordinated debentures	0	(111)
Net gain on sale of loans	(3,314)	(5,180)
Provision for loan and lease losses	9,457	11,058
Reversal of provision for loan servicing rights loss	(71)	(10)
Stock-based compensation	2,112	3,587
Originations of residential real estate loans held for sale	(112,731)	(137,061)
Proceeds from sales of residential real estate loans held for sale	121,072	150,257
Net deferred income taxes	17,215	(328)
Changes in:
Accrued interest receivable	3,823	5,841
Other assets	423	1,063
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities	(18,336)	(77,655)
Net cash provided by operating activities	99,187	34,552
Investing activities
Purchase of securities available for sale	(110,741)	(183,678)
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale	25,206	5,042
Proceeds from maturities of securities available for sale	122,436	122,760
Net increase in loans	(392,109)	(36,433)
Payment of covered losses from FDIC indemnification claims	(419)	(218)
Purchase of premises and equipment	(3,297)	(2,830)
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment	4,565	3,868
Proceeds from sale of repossessed property	2,050	3,453
Purchase of FHLB stock	(30,420)	(4,240)
Proceeds from redemption of FHLB stock	34,251	28,751
Net cash used in investing activities	(348,478)	(63,525)
Financing activities
Net increase in deposits	409,509	487,502
Net decrease in securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other short-term borrowings	(29,345)	(17,216)
Proceeds from FHLB advances and other long-term borrowings	419,999	93,600
Repayments on FHLB advances and other long-term borrowings	(512,200)	(700,000)
Redemption of subordinated debentures	0	(3,625)
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards	(3,769)	0
Dividends paid	(23,550)	(19,970)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	260,644	(159,709)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	11,353	(188,682)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	360,396	524,611
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	371,749	335,929
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash payments for interest	29,251	20,348
Cash payments for income taxes	23,980	37,350
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities
Loans transferred to repossessed properties	$ (11,005)	$ (1,221)

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Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Policies

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Policies

Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Policies

Nature of Operations

Great Western Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) is a bank holding company organized under the laws of Delaware and is listed on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol GWB. The primary business of the Company is ownership of its wholly owned subsidiary, Great Western Bank (the “Bank”). The Bank is a full-service regional bank focused on relationship-based business and agri-business banking inArizona, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota. The Company and the Bank are subject to the regulation of certain federal and/or state agencies and undergo periodic examinations by those regulatory authorities. Substantially all of the Company’s income is generated from banking operations.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature.

Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year endedSeptember 30, 2017, which includes a description of significant accounting policies. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year or any other period.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries after elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions. The preparation of unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported on the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated all events or transactions that occurred through the date the Company issued these financial statements. Other than those events described below, there were no other material events that would require recognition in the consolidated financial statements or disclosure in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

On April 26, 2018, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a dividend of $0.25 per common share payable on May 23, 2018 to stockholders of record as of close of business on May 11, 2018.

Correction of Prior Period Balances

The consolidated statements of income for the quarter ended March 31, 2017 have been revised to correct an immaterial classification error in interest income and noninterest income related to credit card interchange income. As a result, the consolidated statements of income have been revised to reflect these changes as follows.

	As originally reported		Adjustments			As revised
	(dollars in thousands)
Three months ended March 31, 2017
Interest income - loans	$	101,136	$	(1,655	)	$	99,481
Noninterest income - service charges and other fees	11,919		1,655			13,574
Six months ended March 31, 2017
Interest income - loans	$	202,818	$	(3,405	)	$	199,413
Noninterest income - service charges and other fees	24,005		3,405			27,410

	As originally reported		Adjustments			As revised
	(dollars in thousands)
Twelve months ended September 30, 2017
Interest income - loans	$	414,434	$	(7,152	)	$	407,282
Noninterest income - service charges and other fees	48,573		7,152			55,725
Twelve months ended September 30, 2016
Interest income - loans	$	370,444	$	(6,716	)	$	363,728
Noninterest income - service charges and other fees	46,209		6,716			52,925

The above revisions had no effect on net income, earnings per share, retained earnings or capital ratios. Periods not presented herein will be revised, as applicable, as they are included in future filings.

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New Accounting Pronouncements

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]

New Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows for the reclassification of stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("Tax Reform Act") from other comprehensive income to retained earnings. ASU 2018-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted ASU 2018-02 during the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 with period of adoption application. Upon adoption, the Company made a policy election to reclassify stranded tax effects of approximately $2.4 million from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which amends the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements in ASC 815 to improve the transparency and understandability of information conveyed to financial statement users about an entity’s risk management activities to better align the entity’s financial reporting for hedging relationships with those risk management activities and to reduce the complexity of and simplify the application of hedge accounting. ASU 2017-12 is to be applied to all existing hedging relationships on the date of adoption and will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period, with the effect of adoption reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU 2017-12 on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which addresses timelier recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations. ASU 2016-13 requires institutions to measure all expected credit losses related to financial assets measured at amortized costs with an expected loss model based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts relevant to affect the collectability of the financial assets, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss (CECL) model. ASU 2016-13 requires enhanced disclosures, including qualitative and quantitative requirements, to help understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as provide additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements. ASU 2016-13 will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted after December 15, 2018. The amendment requires the use of the modified retrospective approach for adoption. The Company has formed a project team to work on the implementation of ASU 2016-13 and is currently evaluating the potential impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires that lessees recognize the assets and liabilities arising from leases on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Lessees will be required to recognize an obligation for future lease payments measured on a discounted basis and a related right-of-use asset. ASU 2016-02 does not significantly change lease accounting requirements applicable to lessors; however, certain changes were made to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers." ASU 2016-02 will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10) - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which requires equity investments, in general, to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. It also eliminates the requirement to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value for financial instruments measured at amortized cost, requires entities to use the exit price notion when measuring fair value, requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the measurement category and form on the balance sheet or accompanying notes, clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available for sale securities in combination with the entity's other deferred tax assets, and simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values. ASU 2016-01 will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe ASU 2016-01 will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which implements a more robust framework that clarifies the principles for recognizing revenue and gives greater consistency and comparability in revenue recognition practices. In the new framework, an entity recognizes revenue in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for goods or services. The new model requires the identification of performance obligations included in the contract with customers, a determination of the transaction price and an allocation of the price to those performance obligations. The entity recognizes revenue when performance obligations are satisfied. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, which intends to improve the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, which clarifies guidance pertaining to the identification of performance obligations and the licensing implementation. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-11 and 2016-12, which further clarify guidance and provide practical expedients related to the adoption of ASU 2014-09. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The standard, along with subsequent guidance from FASB, lists several items that are specifically out of scope for ASU 2014-09, including but not limited to core interest income, derivative instruments, investments, and loan origination fees.

To address the new standard, the Company formed a working group and has completed the initial scoping phase to determine which revenue streams may be subject to accounting or disclosure changes upon adoption in October of 2018. Subsequent to this initial scoping, the Company selected a representative sample of contracts from the in-scope revenue streams for review under the amended guidance ("key contracts"). The review of key contracts is in process. Based on this preliminary analysis, we do not anticipate significant changes as a result of implementing the standard, but will conclude on the quantitative and qualitative impacts once we have completed our review of key contracts for any in-scope items over the coming months.

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Securities Available for Sale

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Securities Available for Sale

Securities Available for Sale

The amortized cost and approximate fair value of investments in securities, all of which are classified as available for sale according to management’s intent, are summarized as follows.

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
As of March 31, 2018
U.S. Treasury securities	$	178,563	$	—	$	(1,144	)	$	177,419
Mortgage-backed securities:
Government National Mortgage Association	452,297		47		(13,971		)	438,373
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation	218,838		3		(4,878		)	213,963
Federal National Mortgage Association	179,268		—		(4,591		)	174,677
Small Business Assistance Program	237,156		144		(4,036		)	233,264
States and political subdivision securities	70,513		10		(1,623		)	68,900
Other	1,006		—		(4		)	1,002
Total	$	1,337,641	$	204	$	(30,247	)	$	1,307,598

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
As of September 30, 2017
U.S. Treasury securities	$	228,039	$	579	$	(15	)	$	228,603
Mortgage-backed securities:
Government National Mortgage Association	511,457		228		(6,635		)	505,050
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation	169,147		75		(1,247		)	167,975
Federal National Mortgage Association	170,247		22		(1,287		)	168,982
Small Business Assistance Program	224,005		726		(1,001		)	223,730
States and political subdivision securities	73,041		187		(642		)	72,586
Other	1,006		28		—			1,034
Total	$	1,376,942	$	1,845	$	(10,827	)	$	1,367,960

The amortized cost and approximate fair value of debt securities available for sale as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Maturities of mortgage-backed securities may differ from contractual maturities because the mortgages underlying the securities may be called or repaid without penalty.

	March 31, 2018				September 30, 2017
	Amortized  Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized  Cost		Estimated Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	43,291	$	43,204	$	91,535	$	91,597
Due after one year through five years	189,787		187,741		193,117		193,373
Due after five years through ten years	15,876		15,252		16,306		16,097
Due after ten years	122		122		122		122
	249,076		246,319		301,080		301,189
Mortgage-backed securities	1,087,559		1,060,277		1,074,856		1,065,737
Securities without contractual maturities	1,006		1,002		1,006		1,034
Total	$	1,337,641	$	1,307,598	$	1,376,942	$	1,367,960

Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale were $25.0 million and $25.2 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and $5.0 million for both the three and six months ended March 31, 2017, respectively. Negligible gross gains (pre-tax) or gross losses (pre-tax) were realized on the sales for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 using the specific identification method. The Company recognized no other-than-temporary impairment for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Securities with an estimated fair value of approximately $920.6 million and $951.4 million at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively, were pledged as collateral on public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and for other purposes as required or permitted by law. The counterparties do not have the right to sell or pledge the securities the Company has pledged as collateral.

As detailed in the following tables, certain investments in debt securities, which are approximately 97% and 68% of the Company’s investment portfolio at estimated fair value at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively, are reported in the consolidated financial statements at an amount less than their amortized cost. Based on evaluation of available evidence, including recent changes in market interest rates, credit rating information, implicit or explicit government guarantees, and information obtained from regulatory filings, management believes the declines in fair value of these securities are temporary. As the Company does not intend to sell the securities and it is not more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the securities before the recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider the securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2018 or September 30, 2017.

The following table presents the Company’s gross unrealized losses and approximate fair value in investments, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.

	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(dollars in thousands)
As of March 31, 2018
U.S. Treasury securities	$	148,360	$	(873	)	$	29,059	$	(271	)	$	177,419	$	(1,144	)
Mortgage-backed securities	314,049		(4,765		)	712,510		(22,711		)	1,026,559		(27,476		)
States and political subdivision securities	14,967		(109		)	49,249		(1,514		)	64,216		(1,623		)
Other	1,002		(4		)	—		—			1,002		(4		)
Total	$	478,378	$	(5,751	)	$	790,818	$	(24,496	)	$	1,269,196	$	(30,247	)

	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(dollars in thousands)
As of September 30, 2017
U.S. Treasury securities	$	10,003	$	(15	)	$	—	$	—		$	10,003	$	(15	)
Mortgage-backed securities	635,969		(5,425		)	241,368		(4,746		)	877,337		(10,171		)
States and political subdivision securities	21,705		(197		)	25,773		(444		)	47,478		(641		)
Other	—		—			—		—			—		—
Total	$	667,677	$	(5,637	)	$	267,141	$	(5,190	)	$	934,818	$	(10,827	)

As of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Company had 352 and 249 securities, respectively, in an unrealized loss position.

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Loans

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Receivables [Abstract]

Loans

Loans

The composition of loans as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, is as follows.

	March 31, 2018			September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate	$	4,467,778		$	4,124,805
Agriculture	2,177,020			2,122,138
Commercial non-real estate	1,767,587			1,718,914
Residential real estate	866,982			932,892
Consumer	55,190			66,559
Other	41,816			43,207
Ending balance	9,376,373			9,008,515
Less: Unamortized discount on acquired loans	(23,501		)	(29,121		)
Unearned net deferred fees and costs and loans in process	(14,566		)	(10,841		)
Total	$	9,338,306		$	8,968,553

The loan segments above include loans covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement totaling $50.7 million and $57.5 million as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively, residential real estate loans held for sale totaling $2.4 million and $7.5 million at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively, and $921.0 million and $1.02 billion of loans accounted for at fair value at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.

Unearned net deferred fees and costs totaled $13.1 million and $11.6 million as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.

Loans in process represent loans that have been funded as of the balance sheet dates but not classified into a loan category and loan payments received as of the balance sheet dates that have not been applied to individual loan accounts. Loans in process totaled $1.5 million and $(0.8) million at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.

Loans guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government totaled $170.3 million and $168.3 million at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.

Principal balances of residential real estate loans sold totaled $67.6 million and $53.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $117.8 million and $145.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Nonaccrual

Interest income on loans is accrued daily on the outstanding balances. Accrual of interest is discontinued when management believes, after considering collection efforts and other factors, the borrower’s financial condition is such that collection of interest is doubtful, which is usually at 90 days past due. Generally, when loans are placed on nonaccrual status, interest receivable is reversed against interest income in the current period. Interest payments received thereafter are applied as a reduction to the remaining principal balance as long as concern exists as to the ultimate collection of the principal. Loans are removed from nonaccrual status when they become current as to both principal and interest and concern no longer exists as to the collectability of principal and interest.

The following table presents the Company’s nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, excluding ASC 310-30 loans. Loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing interest as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, were $0.9 million and $1.9 million, respectively.

	March 31, 2018		September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans
Commercial real estate	$	26,343	$	14,693
Agriculture	86,758		99,325
Commercial non-real estate	10,146		13,674
Residential real estate	4,058		4,421
Consumer	88		112
Total	$	127,393	$	132,225

Credit Quality Information

The Company assigns all non-consumer loans a credit quality risk rating. These ratings are Pass, Watch, Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss. Loans with a Pass and Watch rating represent those loans not classified on the Company’s rating scale for problem credits, with loans with a Watch rating being monitored and updated at least quarterly by management. Substandard loans are those where a well-defined weakness has been identified that may put full collection of contractual debt at risk. Doubtful loans are those where a well-defined weakness has been identified and a loss of contractual debt is probable. Substandard and doubtful loans are monitored and updated monthly. All loan risk ratings are updated and monitored on a continuous basis. The Company generally does not risk rate consumer loans unless a default event such as bankruptcy or extended nonperformance takes place. Alternatively, standard credit scoring systems are used to assess credit risks of consumer loans.

The following table presents the composition of the loan portfolio by internally assigned grade as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017. This table is presented net of unamortized discount on acquired loans and excludes loans measured at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings of $921.0 million at March 31, 2018 and $1.02 billion at September 30, 2017.

As of March 31, 2018	Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Commercial Non-Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Other		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade
Grade:
Pass	$	3,888,128	$	1,683,280	$	1,443,731	$	798,778	$	54,324	$	41,816	$	7,910,057
Watchlist	62,695		152,878		33,852		4,935		326		—		254,686
Substandard	62,784		123,714		19,552		7,152		235		—		213,437
Doubtful	113		5		2,756		126		—		—		3,000
Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Ending balance	4,013,720		1,959,877		1,499,891		810,991		54,885		41,816		8,381,180
Loans covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement	—		—		—		50,727		—		—		50,727
Total	$	4,013,720	$	1,959,877	$	1,499,891	$	861,718	$	54,885	$	41,816	$	8,431,907

As of September 30, 2017	Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Commercial Non-Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Other		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade
Grade:
Pass	$	3,519,689	$	1,577,403	$	1,369,803	$	853,266	$	65,673	$	43,207	$	7,429,041
Watchlist	80,195		157,407		31,878		4,158		187		—		273,825
Substandard	37,627		130,953		21,438		7,368		306		—		197,692
Doubtful	521		119		3,841		242		—		—		4,723
Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Ending balance	3,638,032		1,865,882		1,426,960		865,034		66,166		43,207		7,905,281
Loans covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement	—		—		—		57,537		—		—		57,537
Total	$	3,638,032	$	1,865,882	$	1,426,960	$	922,571	$	66,166	$	43,207	$	7,962,818

Past Due Loans

The following table presents the Company’s past due loans at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017. This table is presented net of unamortized discount on acquired loans and excludes loans measured at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings of $921.0 million at March 31, 2018 and $1.02 billion at September 30, 2017.

	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Financing Receivables
	(dollars in thousands)
As of March 31, 2018
Commercial real estate	$	3,308	$	67	$	22,319	$	25,694	$	3,988,026	$	4,013,720
Agriculture	2,387		371		26,498		29,256		1,930,621		1,959,877
Commercial non-real estate	3,665		1,190		5,223		10,078		1,489,813		1,499,891
Residential real estate	2,568		90		1,364		4,022		806,969		810,991
Consumer	140		3		44		187		54,698		54,885
Other	—		—		—		—		41,816		41,816
Ending balance	12,068		1,721		55,448		69,237		8,311,943		8,381,180
Loans covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement	1,283		217		588		2,088		48,639		50,727
Total	$	13,351	$	1,938	$	56,036	$	71,325	$	8,360,582	$	8,431,907

	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Financing Receivables
	(dollars in thousands)
As of September 30, 2017
Commercial real estate	$	876	$	22,536	$	6,504	$	29,916	$	3,608,116	$	3,638,032
Agriculture	1,453		3,181		20,844		25,478		1,840,404		1,865,882
Commercial non-real estate	2,485		115		8,580		11,180		1,415,780		1,426,960
Residential real estate	1,428		76		951		2,455		862,579		865,034
Consumer	71		24		18		113		66,053		66,166
Other	—		—		—		—		43,207		43,207
Ending balance	6,313		25,932		36,897		69,142		7,836,139		7,905,281
Loans covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement	998		54		738		1,790		55,747		57,537
Total	$	7,311	$	25,986	$	37,635	$	70,932	$	7,891,886	$	7,962,818

Impaired Loans

The following table presents the Company’s impaired loans. This table excludes purchased credit impaired loans and loans measured at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings of $921.0 million at March 31, 2018 and $1.02 billion at September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018						September 30, 2017
	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance
	(dollars in thousands)
Impaired loans:
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate	$	48,532	$	49,799	$	7,248	$	20,819	$	24,893	$	3,621
Agriculture	63,293		73,823		10,465		79,219		88,268		11,468
Commercial non-real estate	14,747		18,140		4,320		17,950		28,755		4,779
Residential real estate	5,208		5,991		2,549		5,177		5,874		2,581
Consumer	217		225		74		280		287		86
Total impaired loans with an allowance recorded	131,997		147,978		24,656		123,445		148,077		22,535
With no allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate	13,335		52,866		—		16,652		69,677		—
Agriculture	61,643		66,567		—		51,256		64,177		—
Commercial non-real estate	14,110		23,372		—		13,983		38,924		—
Residential real estate	2,166		5,157		—		2,574		9,613		—
Consumer	14		133		—		13		950		—
Total impaired loans with no allowance recorded	91,268		148,095		—		84,478		183,341		—
Total impaired loans	$	223,265	$	296,073	$	24,656	$	207,923	$	331,418	$	22,535

The following table presents the average recorded investment on impaired loans and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are as follows.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018				Three Months Ended March 31, 2017				Six Months Ended March 31, 2018				Six Months Ended March 31, 2017
	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate	$	66,577	$	477	$	44,807	$	545	$	56,875	$	2,053	$	47,873	$	1,215
Agriculture	121,062		1,189		128,919		1,326		124,200		2,171		119,892		3,193
Commercial non-real estate	30,350		325		46,304		358		30,878		776		47,477		780
Residential real estate	7,578		116		9,565		126		7,636		281		9,831		240
Consumer	238		4		389		12		256		8		391		27
Total	$	225,805	$	2,111	$	229,984	$	2,367	$	219,845	$	5,289	$	225,464	$	5,455

Valuation adjustments made to repossessed properties totaled $0.7 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 and $0.7 million and $0.9 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The adjustments are included in noninterest expense.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

Included in certain loan categories in the impaired loans are troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) that were classified as impaired. These TDRs do not include purchased credit impaired loans. When the Company grants concessions to borrowers such as reduced interest rates or extensions of loan periods that would not be considered other than because of borrowers’ financial difficulties, the modification is considered a TDR. Specific reserves included in the allowance for loan and lease losses for TDRs were $10.0 million and $8.8 million at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. There were $0.7 million commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were modified in a TDR as of March 31, 2018 and no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans were modified in a TDR as of September 30, 2017.

The following table presents the recorded value of the Company’s TDR balances as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018				September 30, 2017
	Accruing		Nonaccrual		Accruing		Nonaccrual
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate	$	617	$	2,632	$	1,121	$	5,351
Agriculture	29,200		60,098		22,678		59,633
Commercial non real estate	7,647		3,916		8,369		5,641
Real estate	249		739		311		688
Consumer	83		—		11		21
Total	$	37,796	$	67,385	$	32,490	$	71,334

The following table presents a summary of all accruing loans restructured in TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018					Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
		Recorded Investment					Recorded Investment
	Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification		Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate
Rate modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Agriculture
Rate modification	1	5,500		5,500		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		2	8,434		8,434
Payment modification	1	573		573		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total agriculture	2	6,073		6,073		2	8,434		8,434
Commercial non-real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		2	93		93
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial non-real estate	—	—		—		2	93		93
Residential real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total residential real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Consumer
Rate modification	1	73		73		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total consumer	1	73		73		—	—		—
Total accruing	3	$	6,146	$	6,146	4	$	8,527	$	8,527
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—

The following table presents a summary of all accruing loans restructured in TDRs during the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Six Months Ended March 31, 2018					Six Months Ended March 31, 2017
		Recorded Investment					Recorded Investment
	Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification		Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate
Rate modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Agriculture
Rate modification	1	5,500		5,500		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		2	8,434		8,434
Payment modification	1	573		573		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total agriculture	2	6,073		6,073		2	8,434		8,434
Commercial non-real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		4	526		526
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial non-real estate	—	—		—		4	526		526
Residential real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		1	9		9
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total residential real estate	—	—		—		1	9		9
Consumer
Rate modification	1	73		73		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total consumer	1	73		73		—	—		—
Total accruing	3	$	6,146	$	6,146	7	$	8,969	$	8,969
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—

The following table presents a summary of all non-accruing loans restructured in TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018					Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
		Recorded Investment					Recorded Investment
	Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification		Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate
Rate modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Agriculture
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	3	6,324		6,324		6	12,988		12,988
Payment modification	3	2,050		2,050		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total agriculture	6	8,374		8,374		6	12,988		12,988
Commercial non-real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial non-real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Residential real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total residential real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Consumer
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		3	21		21
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total consumer	—	—		—		3	21		21
Total non-accruing	6	$	8,374	$	8,374	9	$	13,009	$	13,009
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—

The following table presents a summary of all non-accruing loans restructured in TDRs during the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Six Months Ended March 31, 2018					Six Months Ended March 31, 2017
		Recorded Investment					Recorded Investment
	Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification		Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate
Rate modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Agriculture
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	3	6,324		6,324		6	12,988		12,988
Payment modification	3	2,050		2,050		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total agriculture	6	8,374		8,374		6	12,988		12,988
Commercial non-real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial non-real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Residential real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		1	21		21
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total residential real estate	—	—		—		1	21		21
Consumer
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		3	21		21
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total consumer	—	—		—		3	21		21
Total non-accruing	6	$	8,374	$	8,374	10	$	13,030	$	13,030
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—

The following table presents loans that were modified as TDRs within the previous 12 months and for which there was a payment default for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018			Three Months Ended March 31, 2017			Six Months Ended March 31, 2018			Six Months Ended March 31, 2017
	Number of Loans	Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Recorded Investment
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate	—	$	—	—	$	—	1	$	1,012	1	$	34
Agriculture	3	4,264		—	—		4	5,011		—	—
Commercial non-real estate	—	—		1	—		—	—		1	—
Residential real estate	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—
Consumer	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—
Total	3	$	4,264	1	$	—	5	$	6,023	2	$	34

A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 90 days or more contractually past due under the modified terms. The table above includes loans that experienced a payment default during the period, but may be performing in accordance with the modified terms as of the balance sheet date. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, there were $0.1 million and $2.1 million, respectively, and $0.6 million and $2.1 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, of loans removed from TDR status as they were restructured at market terms and are performing.

XML

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Receivables [Abstract]

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

The allowance for loan and lease losses is determined based on an ongoing evaluation, driven primarily by monitoring changes in loan risk grades, delinquencies, and other credit risk indicators, which are inherently subjective. The Company considers the uncertainty related to certain industry sectors and the extent of credit exposure to specific borrowers within the portfolio. In addition, consideration is given to concentration risks associated with the various loan portfolios and current economic conditions that might impact the portfolio. The Company also considers changes, if any, in underwriting activities, the loan portfolio composition (including product mix and geographic, industry, or customer-specific concentrations), trends in loan performance, the level of allowance coverage relative to similar banking institutions and macroeconomic factors, such as changes in unemployment rates, gross domestic product, and consumer bankruptcy filings.

Changes to the allowance for loan and lease losses are made by charges to the provision for loan and lease losses, which is reflected on the consolidated statements of income. Past due status is monitored as an indicator of credit deterioration. Loans that are 90 days or more past due are put on nonaccrual status unless a repayment is eminent. Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged off against the allowance for loan and lease losses. Recoveries of amounts previously charged-off are credited to the allowance for loan and lease losses.

The allowance for loan and lease losses consist of reserves for probable losses that have been identified related to specific borrowing relationships that are individually evaluated for impairment (“specific reserve”), as well as probable losses inherent in our loan portfolio that are not specifically identified (“collective reserve”).

The specific reserve relates to impaired loans. A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due (interest as well as principal) according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Specific reserves are determined on a loan-by-loan basis based on management’s best estimate of the Company's exposure, given the current payment status of the loan, the present value of expected payments, and the value of any underlying collateral. Impaired loans also include loans modified in troubled debt restructurings. Generally, the impairment related to troubled debt restructurings is measured based on the fair value of the collateral, less cost to sell, or the present value of expected payments relative to the unpaid principal balance. If the impaired loan is identified as collateral dependent, then the fair value of the collateral method of measuring the amount of the impairment is utilized. This method requires obtaining an independent appraisal of the collateral and reducing the appraised value by applying a discount factor to the appraised value, if necessary, and including costs to sell.

Management’s estimate for collective reserves reflects losses incurred in the loan portfolio as of the consolidated balance sheet reporting date. Incurred loss estimates primarily are based on historical loss experience and portfolio mix. Incurred loss estimates may be adjusted for qualitative factors such as current economic conditions and current portfolio trends including credit quality, concentrations, aging of the portfolio, and/or significant policy and underwriting changes.

The following tables present the Company’s allowance for loan and lease losses roll forward for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2018	Commercial Real Estate			Agriculture			Commercial Non-Real Estate			Residential Real Estate			Consumer			Other			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance January 1, 2018	$	15,995		$	24,750		$	16,434		$	5,475		$	307		$	1,062		$	64,023
Charge-offs	(1,268		)	(783		)	(1,605		)	(20		)	(62		)	(557		)	(4,295		)
Recoveries	61			125			88			27			20			190			511
Provision	4,077			152			813			(341		)	14			281			4,996
Impairment (improvement) of ASC 310-30 loans	49			(115		)	—			(30		)	—			—			(96		)
Ending balance March 31, 2018	$	18,914		$	24,129		$	15,730		$	5,111		$	279		$	976		$	65,139

Three Months Ended March 31, 2017	Commercial Real Estate			Agriculture			Commercial Non-Real Estate			Residential Real Estate			Consumer			Other			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance January 1, 2017	$	16,623		$	28,519		$	13,443		$	6,786		$	340		$	1,056		$	66,767
Charge-offs	(1,824		)	(4,554		)	(1,734		)	(117		)	(31		)	(819		)	(9,079		)
Recoveries	286			118			121			56			15			392			988
Provision	2,096			2,237			119			210			47			351			5,060
(Improvement) of ASC 310-30 loans	(185		)	—			—			(866		)	—			—			(1,051		)
Ending balance March 31, 2017	$	16,996		$	26,320		$	11,949		$	6,069		$	371		$	980		$	62,685

Six Months Ended March 31, 2018	Commercial Real Estate			Agriculture			Commercial Non-Real Estate			Residential Real Estate			Consumer			Other			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance October 1, 2017	$	16,941		$	25,757		$	14,114		$	5,347		$	329		$	1,015		$	63,503
Charge-offs	(1,597		)	(2,981		)	(2,844		)	(275		)	(116		)	(1,091		)	(8,904		)
Recoveries	209			172			209			117			42			334			1,083
Provision	3,322			1,296			4,251			(11		)	24			718			9,600
Impairment (improvement) of ASC 310-30 loans	39			(115		)	—			(67		)	—			—			(143		)
Ending balance March 31, 2018	$	18,914		$	24,129		$	15,730		$	5,111		$	279		$	976		$	65,139

Six Months Ended March 31, 2017	Commercial Real Estate			Agriculture			Commercial Non-Real Estate			Residential Real Estate			Consumer			Other			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance October 1, 2016	$	17,946		$	25,115		$	12,990		$	7,106		$	438		$	1,047		$	64,642
Charge-offs	(1,824		)	(7,420		)	(3,693		)	(267		)	(110		)	(1,317		)	(14,631		)
Recoveries	385			144			219			262			30			576			1,616
Provision	549			8,481			2,433			(140		)	13			674			12,010
(Improvement) of ASC 310-30 loans	(60		)	—			—			(892		)	—			—			(952		)
Ending balance March 31, 2017	$	16,996		$	26,320		$	11,949		$	6,069		$	371		$	980		$	62,685

The following tables provide details regarding the allowance for loan and lease losses and balance by type of allowance as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017. These tables are presented net of unamortized discount on acquired loans and excludes loansof $921.0 million measured at fair value, loans held for sale of $2.4 million, and guaranteed loans of $161.5 million for March 31, 2018 and loans measured at fair value of $1.02 billion, loans held for sale of $7.5 million, and guaranteed loans of $168.3 million for September 30, 2017.

As of March 31, 2018	Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Commercial Non-Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Other		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	7,248	$	10,465	$	4,320	$	2,549	$	74	$	—	$	24,656
Collectively evaluated for impairment	10,950		13,664		11,410		2,444		205		976		39,649
ASC 310-30 loans	716		—		—		118		—		—		834
Total allowance	$	18,914	$	24,129	$	15,730	$	5,111	$	279	$	976	$	65,139
Financing Receivables
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	61,867	$	124,936	$	28,857	$	7,374	$	231	$	—	$	223,265
Collectively evaluated for impairment	3,846,737		1,808,883		1,407,897		804,298		54,120		41,816		7,963,751
ASC 310-30 loans	28,494		2,746		2,231		46,945		534		—		80,950
Loans Outstanding	$	3,937,098	$	1,936,565	$	1,438,985	$	858,617	$	54,885	$	41,816	$	8,267,966

As of September 30, 2017	Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Commercial Non-Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Other		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	3,621	$	11,468	$	4,779	$	2,581	$	86	$	—	$	22,535
Collectively evaluated for impairment	12,638		14,174		9,335		2,570		243		1,015		39,975
ASC 310-30 loans	682		115		—		196		—		—		993
Total allowance	$	16,941	$	25,757	$	14,114	$	5,347	$	329	$	1,015	$	63,503
Financing Receivables
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	37,471	$	130,475	$	31,933	$	7,751	$	293	$	—	$	207,923
Collectively evaluated for impairment	3,487,232		1,702,634		1,333,888		854,330		65,207		43,207		7,486,498
ASC 310-30 loans	30,099		7,174		1,920		52,736		666		—		92,595
Loans Outstanding	$	3,554,802	$	1,840,283	$	1,367,741	$	914,817	$	66,166	$	43,207	$	7,787,016

For acquired loans not accounted for under ASC 310-30 (purchased non-impaired), the Company utilizes specific and collective reserve calculation methods similar to originated loans. The required ALLL for these loans is included in the individually evaluated for impairment bucket of the ALLL if the loan is rated substandard or worse, and in the collectively evaluated for impairment bucket for pass rated loans.

The Company maintains an ALLL for acquired loans accounted for under ASC 310-30 as a result of impairment to loan pools arising from the periodic re-valuation of these loans. Any impairment in the individual pool is generally recognized in the current period as provision for loan and lease losses. Any improvement in the estimated cash flows, is generally not recognized immediately, but is instead reflected as an adjustment to the related loan pools yield on a prospective basis once any previously recorded impairment has been recaptured.

The ALLL for ASC 310-30 loans totaled $0.8 million at March 31, 2018, compared to $1.0 million at September 30, 2017.For the three and six months ended March 31, 2018, loan pools accounted for under ASC 310-30 had a net reversal of provision of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The net reversals of provision for the periods ended March 31, 2018 were driven by increases in expected cash flows. Net provision reversal for the three and six months ended March 31, 2017, totaled $1.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively. The net reversals of provision for the periods ended March 31, 2017 were a result of updated assumptions being applied to one of the acquired mortgage pools which resulted in higher than expected cash flows.

The reserve for unfunded loan commitments was $0.5 million at both March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017 and is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

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Accounting for Certain Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Receivables [Abstract]

Accounting for Certain Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality

Accounting for Certain Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality

In June 2010 and May 2016, the Company acquired certain loans that had deteriorated credit quality (ASC 310-30 loans or Purchased Credit Impaired loans). Several factors were considered when evaluating whether a loan was considered a purchased credit impaired loan, including the delinquency status of the loan, updated borrower credit status, geographic information and updated loan-to-values ("LTV"). Further, these purchased credit impaired loans had differences between contractual amounts owed and cash flows expected to be collected, that were at least in part, due to credit quality. U.S. GAAP allows purchasers to aggregate purchased credit impaired loans acquired in the same fiscal quarter in one or more pools, provided that the loans have common risk characteristics. A pool is then accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows.

Loan pools are periodically reassessed to determine expected cash flows. In determining the expected cash flows, the timing of cash flows and prepayment assumptions for smaller, homogeneous loans are based on statistical models that take into account factors such as the loan interest rate, credit profile of the borrowers, the years in which the loans were originated, and whether the loans are fixed or variable rate loans. Prepayments may be assumed on large individual loans that consider similar prepayment factors listed above for smaller homogeneous loans. The re-assessment of purchased credit impaired loans resulted in the following changes in the accretable yield during the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017			March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	41,918		$	39,758		$	44,131		$	38,124
Accretion	(3,664		)	(3,040		)	(7,045		)	(5,978		)
Reclassification from nonaccretable difference	(413		)	1,987			755			6,559
Balance at end of period	$	37,841		$	38,705		$	37,841		$	38,705

The reclassifications from nonaccretable difference noted in the table above represent instances where specific pools of loans are expected to perform better over the remaining lives of the loans than expected at the prior re-assessment date.

The following table provides purchased credit impaired loans at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018						September 30, 2017
	Outstanding Balance ¹		Recorded Investment ²		Carrying Value ³		Outstanding Balance ¹		Recorded Investment ²		Carrying Value ³
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate	$	105,489	$	28,494	$	27,778	$	110,797	$	30,099	$	29,417
Agriculture	5,813		2,746		2,746		10,463		7,174		7,059
Commercial non-real estate	10,001		2,231		2,231		9,825		1,920		1,920
Residential real estate	55,326		46,945		46,827		61,981		52,736		52,540
Consumer	668		534		534		798		666		666
Total lending	$	177,297	$	80,950	$	80,116	$	193,864	$	92,595	$	91,602
1 Represents the legal balance of ASC 310-30 loans.
2 Represents the book balance of ASC 310-30 loans.
3 Represents the book balance of ASC 310-30 loans net of the related allowance for loan and lease losses.

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FDIC Indemnification Asset

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Banking and Thrift [Abstract]

FDIC Indemnification Asset

FDIC Indemnification Asset

Under the terms of the purchase and assumption agreement with the FDIC with regard to the TierOne Bank acquisition, the Company is reimbursed for a portion of the losses incurred on covered assets. As covered assets are resolved, whether it be through repayment, short sale of the underlying collateral, the foreclosure on or sale of collateral, or the sale or charge-off of loans or other repossessed property, any differences between the carrying value of the covered assets versus the payments received during the resolution process, that are reimbursable by the FDIC, are recognized as reductions in the FDIC indemnification asset. Any gains or losses realized from the resolution of covered assets reduce or increase, respectively, the amount recoverable from the FDIC.

The following table represents a summary of the activity related to the FDIC indemnification asset for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Six Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	4,692		$	9,887		$	5,704		$	10,777
Amortization	(671		)	(1,114		)	(1,689		)	(1,981		)
Changes in expected reimbursements from FDIC for changes in expected credit losses	(76		)	(133		)	(94		)	(105		)
Changes in reimbursable expenses	(456		)	(299		)	(662		)	(538		)
Reimbursements of covered losses to the FDIC	189			30			419			218
Balance at end of period	$	3,678		$	8,371		$	3,678		$	8,371

The loss claims filed are subject to review, approval, and annual audits by the FDIC or its assigned agents for compliance with the terms in the loss sharing agreement. The commercial loss share agreement claim period ended on June 4, 2015. The non-commercial loss share agreement ends June 4, 2020.

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Derivative Financial Instruments

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its interest rate risk and market risk in accommodating the needs of its customers. The Company recognizes all derivatives on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value in either other assets or accrued expenses and other liabilities as appropriate. The following table presents the notional amounts and gross fair values of all derivative assets and liabilities held by the Company as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018							September 30, 2017
	Notional Amount		Gross Asset Fair Value		Gross Liability Fair Value			Notional Amount		Gross Asset Fair Value		Gross Liability Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps
Financial institution counterparties	$	1,039,100	$	17,185	$	(6,943	)	$	1,025,474	$	4,967	$	(22,737	)
Customer counterparties	118,606		1,602		(1,112		)	36,072		615		—
Mortgage loan commitments	27,499		3		—			37,765		—		(48		)
Mortgage loan forward sale contracts	27,398		—		(3		)	43,628		48		—
Total	$	1,212,603	$	18,790	$	(8,058	)	$	1,142,939	$	5,630	$	(22,785	)

Netting of Derivatives

We record the derivatives on a net basis when a right of offset exists, based on transactions with a single counterparty that are subject to a legally enforceable master netting agreement. When bilateral netting agreements or similar agreements exist between the Company and its counterparties that create a single legal claim or obligation to pay or receive the net amount in settlement of the individual derivative contracts, the Company reports derivative assets and liabilities on a net by derivative contract by counterparty basis. The following tables provide information on the Company's netting adjustments as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	Amounts offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
	Gross Fair Value			Fair Value Offset Amount			Cash Collateral			Net Amount Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
	(dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2018
Total Derivative Assets	$	18,790		$	(6,943	)	$	(9,015	)	$	2,832
Total Derivative Liabilities ¹	$	(8,058	)	$	6,943		$	(3	)	$	(1,118	)
1 In addition to the cash collateral, there were securities of $5.0 million posted as collateral for financial institution counterparties at March 31, 2018.

	Amounts offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
	Gross Fair Value			Fair Value Offset Amount			Cash Collateral		Net Amount Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
	(dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2017
Total Derivative Assets	$	1,850		$	(1,850	)	$	—	$	—
Total Derivative Liabilities ¹ ²	(19,005		)	1,850			—		(17,155		)
1 In addition to the cash collateral, there were securities of $25.0 million posted as collateral for financial institution counterparties at September 30, 2017.
2 There was an additional $2.3 million of collateral held for initial margin with our Futures Clearing Merchant for clearing derivatives at September 30, 2017 and is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

As with any financial instrument, derivative financial instruments have inherent risk including adverse changes in interest rates. The Company’s exposure to derivative credit risk is defined as the possibility of sustaining a loss due to the failure of the counterparty to perform in accordance with the terms of the contract. Credit risks associated with interest rate swaps are similar to those relating to traditional on-balance sheet financial instruments. The Company manages interest rate swap credit risk with the same standards and procedures applied to its commercial lending activities.

Credit-risk-related contingent features

The Company has agreements with its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company or the derivative counterparty fails to maintain its status as a well/adequately capitalized institution, then the other party has the right to terminate the derivative positions and the Company or the derivative counterparty would be required to settle its obligations under the agreements. The Company has minimum collateral posting thresholds with its Swap Dealers and Futures Clearing Merchant.

Beginning in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, the Company has entered into risk participation agreements ("RPA"s) with some of its derivative counterparties to assume the credit exposure related to interest rate derivative contracts. The Company's loan customer enters into an interest rate swap directly with a derivative counterparty and the Company agrees through an RPA to take on the counterparty's risk of loss on the interest rate swap due to a default by the customer. As of March 31, 2018, the amounts of these instruments were not material to the financial statements.

The effect of derivatives on the consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was as follows.

		Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Statements of Income
		Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Statements of Income	March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017			March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017
		(dollars in thousands)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	Net realized and unrealized gain on derivatives	$	14,282		$	1,592		$	21,509		$	60,568
Mortgage loan commitments	Net realized and unrealized gain on derivatives	2			158			3			53
Mortgage loan forward sale contracts	Net realized and unrealized gain on derivatives	(2		)	(158		)	(3		)	(53		)

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The Fair Value Option for Certain Loans

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

The Fair Value Option For Certain Loans

The Fair Value Option for Certain Loans

The Company has elected to measure certain long-term loans at fair value to assist in managing the interest rate risk for longer-term loans. This fair value option was elected upon the origination of these loans. Interest income is recognized in the same manner as interest on non-fair value loans.

See Note 18 for additional disclosures regarding the fair value of the fair value option loans.

Long-term loans for which the fair value option has been elected had a net unfavorable difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate unpaid loan principal balance and written loan commitment amount of approximately $21.0 million at March 31, 2018 and a net favorable difference of approximately $8.8 million at September 30, 2017. The total unpaid principal balance of these long-term loans was approximately $942.0 million and $1.01 billion at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. The fair value of these loans is included in total loans in the consolidated balance sheets and are grouped with commercial real estate, agricultural and commercial non-real estate loans in Note 4. As of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, there were loans with a fair value of $13.3 million and $14.7 million, respectively, which were greater than 90 days past due or in nonaccrual status with an unpaid principal balance of $14.8 million and $17.0 million, respectively.

Changes in fair value for items for which the fair value option has been elected and the line items in which these changes are reported within the consolidated statements of income are as follows for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018						Three Months Ended March 31, 2017						Six Months Ended March 31, 2018						Six Months Ended March 31, 2017
	Noninterest Income			Total Changes in Fair Value			Noninterest Income			Total Changes in Fair Value			Noninterest Income			Total Changes in Fair Value			Noninterest Income			Total Changes in Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
Long-term loans	$	(14,838	)	$	(14,838	)	$	(5,216	)	$	(5,216	)	$	(23,502	)	$	(23,502	)	$	(69,218	)	$	(69,218	)

For long-term loans, $1.4 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $0.3 million and $0.3 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, of the total change in fair value is attributable to changes in specific credit risk. The gains or losses attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk were determined based on an assessment of existing market conditions and credit quality of the underlying loan for the specific portfolio of loans.

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Core Deposits and Other Intangibles

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Core Deposits and Other Intangibles

Core Deposits and Other Intangibles

The following table presents a summary of intangible assets subject to amortization as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	Core Deposit Intangible			Brand Intangible			Other Intangible			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
As of March 31, 2018
Gross carrying amount	$	7,339		$	8,464		$	538		$	16,341
Accumulated amortization	(2,116		)	(5,546		)	(157		)	(7,819		)
Net intangible assets	$	5,223		$	2,918		$	381		$	8,522
As of September 30, 2017
Gross carrying amount	$	7,339		$	8,464		$	538		$	16,341
Accumulated amortization	(1,579		)	(5,264		)	(124		)	(6,967		)
Net intangible assets	$	5,760		$	3,200		$	414		$	9,374

Amortization expense of intangible assets was $0.4 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $0.9 million and $1.4 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

The estimated amortization expense of intangible assets assumes no activities, such as acquisitions, which would result in additional amortizable intangible assets. Estimated amortization expense of intangible assets in subsequent fiscal years is as follows.

	Amount
	(dollars in thousands)
Remaining in 2018	$	810
2019	1,538
2020	1,430
2021	1,334
2022	1,249
2023 and thereafter	2,161
Total	$	8,522

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Loan Servicing Rights

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Transfers and Servicing [Abstract]

Loan Servicing Rights

Loan Servicing Rights

Loan servicing rights are created when residential mortgage loans are sold in the secondary market with the seller retaining the right to service those loans and receive servicing income over the life of the loan. The Company acquired loan servicing rights as a part of the HF Financial acquisition. The actual balance of loans being serviced for others are not reported as assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

The following table is the activity for loan servicing rights and the related valuation allowance for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Six Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Loan servicing rights
Beginning of period	$	3,842		$	5,286		$	4,155		$	5,794
Additions	—			—			—			—
Amortization ¹	(246		)	(380		)	(559		)	(888		)
End of period	$	3,596		$	4,906		$	3,596		$	4,906
Valuation allowance
Beginning of period	$	(43	)	$	(8	)	$	(81	)	$	(13	)
(Additions) / reductions ¹	33			5			71			10
End of period	$	(10	)	$	(3	)	$	(10	)	$	(3	)
Loan servicing rights, net	$	3,586		$	4,903		$	3,586		$	4,903
Servicing fees received	$	435		$	525		$	872		$	1,073
Balance of loans serviced at:
Beginning of period	692,593			823,375			722,461			868,865
End of period	669,767			792,779			669,767			792,779
1 Changes to carrying amounts are reported net of loan servicing income on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the periods presented.

Amortization of servicing rights is adjusted each quarter based upon analysis of portfolio attributes and factors, including an evaluation of historical prepayment activity and prospective industry consensus data. An independent third party is utilized to calculate the amortization and valuation based upon specific loan characteristics, prepayment speeds generated from a validation model utilizing both empirical and market derived data and discount rates. At March 31, 2018, the constant prepayment rates (CPR) used to calculate the amortization averaged 10.4%. For valuation purposes, an average discount rate of 11.9% was utilized at March 31, 2018.Based on the Company's analysis of mortgage servicing rights, a negligible valuation reserve was recorded at March 31, 2018, and a $0.1 million valuation reserve was recorded at September 30, 2017.

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Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Abstract]

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase generally mature overnight following the transaction date. Securities underlying the agreements had an amortized cost of approximately $131.2 million and $139.3 million and fair value of approximately $126.7 million and $137.4 million at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. In most cases, the Company over-collateralizes the repurchase agreements at 102% of total funds borrowed to protect the purchaser from changes in market value. Additionally, the Company utilizes held-in-custody procedures to ensure the securities sold under repurchase agreements are unencumbered.

The following tables present the gross obligation by the class of collateral pledged and the remaining contractual maturity of the agreements at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018
	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30-90 Days		Greater than 90 Days		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Repurchase agreements
Municipal securities	$	3,024	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,024
Mortgage-backed securities	100,267		—		—		—		100,267
Total repurchase agreements	$	103,291	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	103,291

	September 30, 2017
	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30-90 Days		Greater than 90 Days		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Repurchase agreements
Municipal securities	$	3,626	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,626
Mortgage-backed securities	129,010		—		—		—		129,010
Total repurchase agreements	$	132,636	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	132,636

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FHLB Advances and Other Borrowings

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Federal Home Loan Banks [Abstract]

FHLB Advances and Other Borrowings

FHLB Advances and Other Borrowings

FHLB advances and other borrowings consist of the following at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018		September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Short-term borrowings:
Notes payable to FHLB, interest rates from 1.76% to 1.80% and matured dates in April 2018, collateralized by real estate loans, with various call dates at the option of the FHLB	$	350,000	$	512,200
FHLB fed funds advance, interest rate of 1.91% and maturity date in October 2018	75,000		75,000
Long-term borrowings:
Notes payable to FHLB, interest rates from 1.05% to 3.66% and maturity dates from April 2018 to July 2023, collateralized by real estate loans, with various call dates at the option of the FHLB	126,000		56,000
Total	551,000		643,200
Fair value adjustment ¹	3		14
Total FHLB advances and other borrowings	$	551,003	$	643,214
1 Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments related to the FHLB advances and notes payable assumed as part of the HF Financial acquisition.

The Company has a $10.0 million revolving line of credit which expires on July 28, 2018. The line of credit has an interest rate of one month LIBOR plus 200 basis points, with interest payable monthly. There is also an unused line fee of 0.15% on the unused portion which is payable quarterly. The interest rate was 3.88% at March 31, 2018. There were no outstanding advances on this line of credit at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

As of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Company had a borrowing capacity of $1.69 billion and $1.89 billion, respectively, with the Federal Reserve Board Discount Window ("FRB Discount Window"). Principal balances of loans pledged to FRB Discount Window to collateralize the borrowing totaled $2.00 billion at March 31, 2018 and $2.55 billion at September 30, 2017. The Company has secured this line for contingency funding.

As of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, based on its collateral pledged, the additional borrowing capacity of the Company with the FHLB was $1.47 billion and $1.55 billion, respectively.

Principal balances of loans pledged to the FHLB to collateralize notes payable totaled $3.75 billion and $3.71 billion at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. In second quarter of fiscal year 2018, the Company purchased a letter of credit from the FHLB for $150.0 million which is pledged as collateral on public deposits. This letter of credit is committed until January 29, 2019.

As of March 31, 2018, FHLB advances and other borrowings are due or callable (whichever is earlier) in subsequent fiscal years as follows.

	Amount
	(dollars in thousands)
Remaining in 2018	$	381,000
2019	75,000
2020	70,000
2021	—
2022	—
2023 and thereafter	25,000
Total	$	551,000

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Subordinated Debentures and Subordinated Notes Payable

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Subordinated Debentures and Subordinated Notes Payable

Subordinated Debentures and Subordinated Notes Payable

Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures

The Company has seven trusts which were created or assumed as part of prior acquisitions that as of March 31, 2018 have issued and outstanding 73,400 shares, $1,000 par value, of Company Obligated Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Securities (the "Preferred Securities"). These seven trusts were established and exist for the sole purpose of issuing Preferred Securities and investing the proceeds in junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (the "Debentures") issued by the Company. The Debentures constitute the sole assets of the seven trusts. The Preferred Securities provide for cumulative cash distributions calculated at a rate based on three month LIBOR plus a range from 1.48% to 3.35% adjusted quarterly. The Company may, at one or more times, defer interest payments on the Debentures for up to 20 consecutive quarters following suspension of dividends on all capital stock, but not beyond the respective maturity date. At the end of any deferral period, all accumulated and unpaid interest must be paid. The Debentures have redemption dates ranging from January 7, 2033 to October 1, 2037; however, the Company has the option to shorten the respective maturity date for all seven Preferred Securities as the call option date has passed. Holders of the Preferred Securities have no voting rights. The Preferred Securities are unsecured and rank junior in priority of the payment to all of the Company's indebtedness and senior to the Company's common and preferred stock. The trusts’ ability to pay amounts due on the Preferred Securities is solely dependent upon the Company making payment on the related Debentures. The Company’s obligation under the Debentures and relevant trust agreements constitute a full, irrevocable, and unconditional guarantee on a subordinated basis by it of the obligations of the trusts under the Preferred Securities.

For regulatory purposes, the Debentures qualify as elements of capital. As of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, $73.6 million and $73.5 million of Debentures were eligible for treatment as Tier 1 capital, respectively.

Relating to the trusts, the Company held as assets $2.5 million in common shares at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017 which are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Subordinated Notes Payable

In 2015, the Company issued $35.0 million of 4.875% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes that mature on August 15, 2025 through a private placement. The notes, which qualify as Tier 2 capital under capital rules in effect at March 31, 2018, have an interest rate of 4.875% per annum, payable semi-annually on each February 15 and August 15, which commenced on February 15, 2016 until August 15, 2020, to but excluding the maturity date or date of earlier redemption, the notes will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to three-month LIBOR for the related interest period plus 3.15%, payable quarterly on each November 15, February 15, April 15 and August 15. The notes are subordinated in right of payment to all of the Company's senior indebtedness and effectively subordinated to all existing and future debt and all other liabilities of the Company's subsidiary bank. The Company may elect to redeem the notes (subject to regulatory approval), in whole or in part, on any early redemption date which is any interest payment date on or after August 15, 2020 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest. Other than on an early redemption date, the notes cannot be accelerated except in the event of bankruptcy or the occurrence of certain other events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization. Unamortized debt issuance costs related to these notes, which are included in Subordinated Debentures and Subordinated Notes Payable, totaled $0.2 million at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017. Proceeds from the private placement of subordinated notes repaid outstanding subordinated debt.

Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable are summarized as follows.

	March 31, 2018					September 30, 2017
	Amount Outstanding			Common Shares Held in Other Assets		Amount Outstanding			Common Shares Held in Other Assets
	(dollars in thousands)
Junior subordinated debentures payable to nonconsolidated trusts
GW Statutory Trust IV, variable rate of 2.85%, plus 3 month LIBOR	$	23,093		$	693	$	23,093		$	693
GW Statutory Trust VI, variable rate of 1.48%, plus 3 month LIBOR	30,928			928		30,928			928
SSB Trust II, variable rate of 1.85%, plus 3 month LIBOR	2,062			62		2,062			62
HF Capital Trust III, variable rate of 3.35%, plus 3 month LIBOR	5,155			155		5,155			155
HF Capital Trust IV, variable rate of 3.10%, plus 3 month LIBOR	7,217			217		7,217			217
HF Capital Trust V, variable rate of 1.83%, plus 3 month LIBOR	5,310			310		5,310			310
HF Capital Trust VI, variable rate of 1.65%, plus 3 month LIBOR	2,155			155		2,155			155
Total junior subordinated debentures payable	75,920			$	2,520	75,920			$	2,520
Less: fair value adjustment ¹	(2,363		)			(2,409		)
Total junior subordinated debentures payable, net of fair value adjustment	73,557					73,511
Subordinated notes payable
Fixed to floating rate, 4.875% per annum	35,000					35,000
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	(172		)			(209		)
Total subordinated notes payable	34,828					34,791
Total subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable	$	108,385				$	108,302
1 Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments related to the junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures assumed as part of the HF Financial acquisition.

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Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes charged to operations consists of the following for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Six Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017			2018		2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Currently paid or payable
Federal	$	11,791		$	16,789		$	20,752	$	29,942
State	2,939			2,337			5,394		4,701
Total	14,730			19,126			26,146		34,643
Deferred tax expense
Federal	74			(1,044		)	16,838		(566		)
State	(85		)	128			377		194
Total	(11		)	(916		)	17,215		(372		)
Total provision for income taxes	$	14,719		$	18,210		$	43,361	$	34,271

The income tax provision differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 24.5% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 35% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2017 to pretax income due to the following.

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Six Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Income tax expense computed at the statutory rate	$	13,552		$	18,679		$	27,748		$	37,217
Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	2,154			1,602			4,356			3,182
Tax exempt interest income	(1,415		)	(1,996		)	(2,786		)	(4,034		)
Impact of enacted federal income tax rate reduction	—			—			13,586			—
Other	428			(75		)	457			(2,094		)
Income tax expense, as reported	$	14,719		$	18,210		$	43,361		$	34,271

Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) consist of the following components at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018			September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for loan and lease losses	$	16,311		$	23,730
Compensation	3,246			6,227
Securities available for sale	7,406			3,413
Other real estate owned	505			763
Core deposit intangible and other fair value adjustments	4,235			6,058
Excess tax basis of FDIC indemnification asset and clawback liability	3,574			4,563
Excess tax basis of loans acquired over carrying value	5,959			9,417
Other reserves	2,810			4,406
Other	4,988			6,922
Total deferred tax assets	49,034			65,499
Deferred tax liabilities:
Goodwill and other intangibles	(11,518		)	(13,784		)
Premises and equipment	(5,590		)	(8,828		)
Other	(297		)	(487		)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(17,405		)	(23,099		)
Net deferred tax assets	$	31,629		$	42,400

At March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Company had an income tax receivable to the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") of $1.3 million and $4.6 million, respectively, which is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2014.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Tax Reform Act"), was enacted into law. Beginning in 2018, the Tax Reform Act reduces the federal tax rate for corporations from 35% to 21% and changes or limits certain tax deductions. Because of the Company's September 30 fiscal year end, a blended statutory rate of 24.5% is applied to all net income before taxes generated during the current fiscal year. The new blended statutory rate reduced the provision for income taxes by approximately $4.8 million and $9.8 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018, respectively. Another result of the lower corporate tax rate this fiscal year was the Company recording a revaluation discrete tax adjustment of $13.6 million to reduce its net deferred tax assets, which increased the provision for income taxes last quarter. The actual impact of the revaluing deferred taxes may vary from the estimated charge to provision of $13.6 million due to uncertainties in our preliminary estimates and the effect of further clarification of the new law that cannot be estimated at this time.

The Company adopted new accounting guidance in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 that allows reclassification of $2.4 million in stranded tax effects that relate to a change in the federal tax rate from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings.

The Bank's effective tax rate for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 was 26.6% and 38.3%, respectively, compared to 34.1% and 32.2% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2017, respectively. Excluding the nonrecurring deferred taxes adjustment related to federal tax reform, the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 effective tax rate was 26.6% and 26.3%, respectively.

Uncertain tax positions were not significant at March 31, 2018 or September 30, 2017.

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Employee Benefit Plans

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Employee Benefit Plans

Employee Benefit Plans

Profit Sharing Plan

The Company participates in a multiple employer 401(k) profit sharing plan ("the 401(k) Plan"). All employees are eligible to participate, beginning with the first day of the month coincident with or immediately following the completion of one year of service and having reached the age of 21. In addition to employee contributions, the Company may contribute discretionary amounts for eligible participants. Contribution rates for participating employees must be equal. The Company contributed $1.2 million and $1.3 million to the 401(k) Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $3.0 million and $2.9 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Defined Benefit Plan

The Company acquired a noncontributory (cash balance) defined benefit pension plan ("the Pension Plan") from HF Financial which covers former employees of HF Financial and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Effective July 1, 2015, the Pension Plan was frozen which eliminates future contributions for qualified individuals.

On November 27, 2017, the Company's Board of Directors voted to terminate the Pension Plan effective February 1, 2018. In order to settle its liabilities under the Pension Plan, the Company has offered participants the option to receive either an annuity purchased from an insurance carrier or a lump-sum cash payment. If the total $2.9 million value of the Pension Plan's cash assets is insufficient to cover the lump-sum payouts and annuity purchases, the Company will contribute the necessary funds to complete the termination of the Pension Plan. In addition to plan assets, the Company has a $2.4 million pension liability recorded as of March 31, 2018. The required final contribution is subject to a number of factors, including changes in interest rates and the exact proportion of participants electing a lump-sum distribution versus an annuity. The Company estimates that the total benefit payments will be $5.4 million as part of Pension Plan termination. At this time, the Company is unable to estimate the net income or expense associated with terminating the Pension Plan, but believes the amount will not be material to the financial statements.

The Company anticipates completing the transfer of all liabilities and administrative responsibilities under the Pension Plan by the end of fiscal third quarter 2018. Once this process is complete, the Company will no longer have any remaining pension obligations and thus no periodic pension expense.

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Stock-Based Compensation

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

On September 26, 2014, the Board of Directors adopted, and on October 10, 2014, NAB, at that time our controlling shareholder, approved the Great Western Bancorp, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2014 Plan”), the Great Western Bancorp, Inc. 2014 Non-Employee Director Plan (the “2014 Director Plan”), and the Great Western Bancorp, Inc. Executive Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Bonus Plan”), collectively ("the Plans"), which provide for the issuance of restricted share units and performance based share units to certain officers, employees and directors of the Company. On February 22, 2018, our stockholders approved amendments to the 2014 Plan and the 2014 Director Plan to increase the number of shares available for future grants under the Plans. The Plans were primarily established to enhance the Company’s ability to attract, retain and motivate employees. The Company’s Board of Directors, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors ("Compensation Committee"), or executive management upon delegation of the Compensation Committee has exclusive authority to select the employees and others, including directors, to receive the awards and to establish the terms and conditions of each award made pursuant to the Company’s stock-based compensation plans.

Stock units issued under the Company’s restricted and performance based stock plans may not be sold or otherwise transferred until the vesting period (typically 3 years) has been met and/or performance objectives have been obtained. During the vesting periods, participants do not have voting rights and dividends are accumulated until the time upon which the award vests. Upon specified events, as defined in the Plans, stock unit awards that have not vested and/or performance hurdles that have not been met will be forfeited.

Based on the substantive terms of each award, restricted and performance-based awards are classified as equity awards and accounted for under the treasury stock method. The fair value of equity-classified awards is based on the market price of the stock on the measurement date and is amortized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting or performance period.

Stock compensation is recognized based on the number of awards to vest using actual forfeiture amounts. For performance-based stock awards, an estimate is made of the number of shares expected to vest as a result of actual performance against the performance targets to determine the amount of compensation expense to be recognized. The estimate is reevaluated quarterly and total compensation expense is adjusted for any change in the current period. Stock-based compensation expense is included in salaries and employee benefits expense in the consolidated statements of income. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, stock compensation expense was $1.4 million and $2.0 million, respectively, and $2.9 million and $3.6 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Related income tax benefits recognized were $0.4 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $1.0 million and $1.4 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The following is a summary of the Plans’ restricted share and performance-based stock award activity as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017. The number of performance shares granted in the following table are reflected at the amount of achievement of the pre-established targets.

	March 31, 2018					September 30, 2017
	Common Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Common Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Restricted Shares
Restricted shares, beginning of fiscal year	180,337			$	33.06	160,335			$	26.89
Granted	89,003			41.07		90,363			39.35
Vested	(81,999		)	32.12		(68,293		)	26.97
Forfeited	(1,959		)	40.30		(2,068		)	30.91
Canceled	—			—		—			—
Restricted shares, end of period	185,382			$	37.25	180,337			$	33.06
Vested, but not issuable at end of period	39,514			$	32.90	29,287			$	30.05
Performance Shares
Performance shares, beginning of fiscal year	133,604			$	33.39	236,185			$	20.28
Granted	56,149			28.92		137,612			39.43
Vested	—			—		(235,055		)	18.00
Forfeited	(2,178		)	39.71		(5,138		)	19.80
Canceled	—			—		—			—
Performance shares, end of period	$	187,575		$	35.63	$	133,604		$	33.39
Vested, but not issuable at end of period	5,612			$	18.00	5,612			$	18.00

As of March 31, 2018, there was $7.8 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock awards expected to be recognized over a period of 2.7 years. The fair value of the vested, but not issued stock awards at March 31, 2018, was $1.8 million.

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Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The Company measures, monitors and discloses certain of its assets and liabilities on a fair value basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The guidance describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are as follows.

Level 1    Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities

Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities

Level 1 inputs are considered to be the most transparent and reliable and Level 3 inputs are considered to be the least transparent and reliable. The Company assumes the use of the principal market to conduct a transaction of each particular asset or liability being measured and then considers the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. Whenever possible, the Company first looks for quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets (Level 1 inputs) to value each asset or liability. However, when inputs from identical assets or liabilities on active markets are not available, the Company utilizes market observable data for similar assets and liabilities. The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and limits the use of unobservable inputs to occasions when observable inputs are not available. The need to use unobservable inputs generally results from the lack of market liquidity of the actual financial instrument or of the underlying collateral. Although in some instances, third party price indications may be available, limited trading activity can challenge the observability of these quotations.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies and inputs used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets and liabilities pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

Securities Available for Sale

Where quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities include U.S. Treasury securities. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows and classified as Level 2 securities. Level 2 securities include mortgage-backed, states and political subdivisions, and other securities. Where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. Level 3 securities were immaterial at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

Interest Rate Swaps and Loans

Interest rate swaps are valued by the Company's Swap Dealers using cash flow valuation techniques with observable market data inputs. The fair value of loans accounted for under the fair value option represents the net carrying value of the loan, plus the equal and opposite amount of the value of the swap needed to hedge the interest rate risk and an adjustment for credit risk based on our assessment of existing market conditions for the specific portfolio of loans. This is used due to the strict prepayment penalties put in the loan terms to cover the cost of exiting the hedge of the loans in the case of early prepayment or termination. The adjustment for credit risk on loans accounted for under the fair value option is not significant to the overall fair value of the loans. The fair values estimated by the Company's Swap Dealers use interest rates that are observable or that can be corroborated by observable market data and, therefore, are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. The Company has entered into Collateral Agreements with its Swap Dealers and Futures Clearing Merchant which entitle it to receive collateral to cover market values on derivatives which are in asset position, thus a credit risk adjustment on interest rate swaps is not warranted. The Company regularly enters into interest rate lock commitments on mortgage loans to be held for sale with corresponding forward sales contracts related to these interest rate lock commitments, the fair values of which are calculated by applying observable market values from Fannie Mae TBA pricing to each interest rate lock commitment and forward sales contract, therefore, are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. The Company also has back-to-back swaps with loan customers, with corresponding swaps with an outside third party in exact offsetting terms.

The following table presents the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(dollars in thousands)
As of March 31, 2018
U.S. Treasury securities	$	177,419	$	177,419	$	—	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities	1,060,277		—		1,060,277		—
States and political subdivision securities	68,900		—		67,935		965
Other	1,002		—		1,002		—
Total securities available for sale	$	1,307,598	$	177,419	$	1,129,214	$	965
Derivatives-assets	$	2,832	$	—	$	2,832	$	—
Derivatives-liabilities	1,118		—		1,118		—
Fair value loans	920,965		—		920,965		—

	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(dollars in thousands)
As of September 30, 2017
U.S. Treasury securities	$	228,603	$	228,603	$	—	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities	1,065,737		—		1,065,737		—
States and political subdivision securities	72,586		—		71,517		1,069
Other	1,034		—		1,034		—
Total securities available for sale	$	1,367,960	$	228,603	$	1,138,288	$	1,069
Derivatives-assets	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Derivatives-liabilities	17,155		—		17,155		—
Fair value loans	1,016,576		—		1,016,576		—

The following table presents the changes in Level 3 financial instruments for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	March 31, 2018		March 31, 2017		March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	965	$	1,224	$	1,069		$	1,315
Principal paydown	—		—		(104		)	(91		)
Balance, end of period	$	965	$	1,224	$	965		$	1,224

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets and liabilities pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

Other Repossessed Property

Other repossessed property consists of loan collateral that has been repossessed through foreclosure. This collateral is comprised of commercial and residential real estate and other repossessed assets. Other repossessed property is recorded initially at fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are updated periodically, and the assets may be marked down further to fair value less selling costs, reflecting a valuation allowance. Fair value measurements may be based upon appraisals, third-party price opinions, or internally developed pricing methods. These measurements are classified as Level 3.

Impaired Loans (Collateral Dependent)

Loans for which it is probable that the Company will not collect all principal and interest due according to contractual terms are measured for impairment. Allowable methods for estimating fair value include using the fair value of the collateral for collateral dependent loans or, where a loan is determined not to be collateral dependent, using the discounted cash flow method.

If the impaired loan is identified as collateral dependent, then the fair value method of measuring the amount of the impairment is utilized. This method requires obtaining a current independent appraisal of the collateral and applying a discount factor, if necessary, to the appraised value and including costs to sell. Because many of these inputs are not observable, the measurements are classified as Level 3.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

Fair value of mortgage loans held for sale is based on either quoted prices for the same or similar loans, or values obtained from third parties, or are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics and are therefore considered a Level 2 valuation.

Loan Servicing Rights

Fair value is determined at a tranche level, based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts (Level 3), when available, or alternatively based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The valuation model utilizes interest rate, prepayment speed, and default rate assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income and that can be validated against market data (Level 3).

Property Held for Sale

This real estate property is carried in premises and equipment as property held for sale at fair value based upon the transactional price if available, or the appraised value of the property.

The following tables present the fair value measurement of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(dollars in thousands)
As of March 31, 2018
Other repossessed property	$	7,679	$	—	$	—	$	7,679
Impaired loans	198,609		—		—		198,609
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value	2,429		—		2,429		—
Loan servicing rights	3,586		—		—		3,586
Property held for sale	1,109		—		—		1,109
As of September 30, 2017
Other repossessed property	$	7,728	$	—	$	—	$	7,728
Impaired loans	185,388		—		—		185,388
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value	7,456		—		7,456		—
Loan servicing rights	4,074		—		—		4,074
Property held for sale	5,147		—		—		5,147

The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used to measure Level 3 fair value measurements at March 31, 2018 were as follows.

	Fair Value of Assets / (Liabilities) at March 31, 2018		Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input	Range	Weighted Average
	(dollars in thousands)
Other repossessed property	$	7,679	Appraisal value	Property specific adjustment	N/A	N/A
Impaired loans	198,609		Appraisal value	Property specific adjustment	N/A	N/A
Loan servicing rights	3,586		Discounted cash flows	Constant prepayment rate Discount rate	7.9 - 20.5% 10.0 - 15.0%	10.4% 11.8%
Property held for sale	1,109		Appraisal value	Property specific adjustment	N/A	N/A

Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments

For financial instruments that have quoted market prices, those quotes are used to determine fair value. Financial instruments that have no defined maturity, have a remaining maturity of 180 days or less, or reprice frequently to a market rate are assumed to have a fair value that approximates carrying value, after taking into consideration any applicable credit risk. If no market quotes are available, financial instruments are valued by discounting the expected cash flows using an estimated current market interest rate for the financial instrument.

The short maturity of the Company’s assets and liabilities results in having a significant number of financial instruments whose fair value equals or closely approximates carrying value. Such financial instruments are reported in the following consolidated balance sheet categories: cash and cash equivalents, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and accrued interest.

Fair value estimates are based on existing on and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments include premises and equipment, deferred income taxes, goodwill, and core deposit and other intangibles. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates.

Off-balance sheet instruments (commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit) are generally short-term and at variable rates. Therefore, both the carrying amount and the estimated fair value associated with these instruments are immaterial. Fair values for balance sheet instruments as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017 are as follows.

		March 31, 2018				September 30, 2017
	Level in Fair Value Hierarchy	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
		(dollars in thousands)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	371,749	$	371,749	$	360,396	$	360,396
Loans, net excluding fair valued loans and loans held for sale	Level 3	8,349,772		8,238,751		7,881,018		7,798,134
Accrued interest receivable	Level 2	49,353		49,353		53,176		53,176
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	Level 2	30,032		30,032		29,619		29,619
FHLB stock	Level 2	33,720		33,720		37,551		37,551
Liabilities
Deposits	Level 2	$	9,386,967	$	9,384,577	$	8,977,613	$	8,978,926
FHLB advances and other borrowings	Level 2	551,003		477,292		643,214		645,421
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	Level 2	103,291		103,291		132,636		132,636
Accrued interest payable	Level 2	6,165		6,165		4,405		4,405
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable	Level 2	108,385		107,826		108,302		108,293

The following methods and assumptions were used in estimating the fair value of financial instruments that were not previously disclosed.

Cash and cash equivalents: Due to the short term nature of cash and cash equivalents, the estimated fair value is equal to the carrying value and they are categorized as a Level 1 fair value measurement.

Loans, net excluding fair valued loans and loans held for sale: The fair value of the loan portfolio is estimated using observable inputs including estimated cash flows, and discount rates based on interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms, to borrowers of similar credit quality. Loans held for investment are categorized as a Level 3 fair value measurement.

Accrued interest receivable: Due to the nature of accrued interest receivable, the estimated fair value is equal to the carrying value and they are categorized as a Level 2 fair value measurement.

Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance Policies: Fair value is equal to the cash surrender value of the life insurance policies and are categorized as Level 2 fair value measurement.

FHLB stock: The carrying amount of FHLB stock approximates its fair value as it can only be redeemed with the FHLB at par value. FHLB stock has been categorized as a Level 2 fair value measurement.

Deposits: The estimated fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as non-interest bearing demand deposits, savings, NOW, and money market accounts, is equal to the amount payable on demand. The fair value of interest-bearing time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows of such deposits, taking into account the option for early withdrawal. The discount rate is estimated using the rates offered by the Company, at the respective measurement dates, for deposits of similar maturities. Deposits have been categorized as a Level 2 fair value measurement.

FHLB advances and other borrowings: The fair value of FHLB advances and other borrowings is estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. In the absence of a reasonably precise methodology to determine the fair value of the credit agreement, carrying value has been used to represent fair value. FHLB advances and other borrowings have been categorized as a Level 2 fair value measurement.

Securities sold under repurchase agreements: The Company’s repurchase agreements are overnight transactions that mature the day after the transaction, and as a result of this short-term nature, the estimated fair value equals the carrying value. Securities sold under repurchase agreements have been categorized as a Level 2 fair value measurement.

Accrued interest payable: Due to the nature of accrued interest payable, the estimated fair value is equal to the carrying value and they are categorized as a Level 2 fair value measurement.

Subordinated Debentures and Subordinated Notes Payable: The fair value of subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable is estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on current incremental debt rates. Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable have been categorized as a Level 2 fair value measurement.

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Earnings per Share

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings per Share

Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding determined for the basic earnings per share calculation plus the dilutive effect of stock compensation using the treasury stock method.

The following information was used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Six Months Ended March 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Net income	$	40,532	$	35,162	$	69,762	$	72,065
Weighted average common shares outstanding	58,941,315		58,788,802		58,921,972		58,769,662
Dilutive effect of stock based compensation	204,802		284,867		194,951		263,125
Weighted average common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share calculation	59,146,117		59,073,669		59,116,923		59,032,787
Basic earnings per share	$	0.69	$	0.60	$	1.18	$	1.23
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.69	$	0.60	$	1.18	$	1.22

The Company had 0 and 50,076 shares of unvested performance stock as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because performance conditions for vesting had not been met. The Company had 0 and 53,126 shares of anti-dilutive stock awards outstanding as of March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature.

Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year endedSeptember 30, 2017, which includes a description of significant accounting policies. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year or any other period.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries after elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions. The preparation of unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported on the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated all events or transactions that occurred through the date the Company issued these financial statements. Other than those events described below, there were no other material events that would require recognition in the consolidated financial statements or disclosure in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows for the reclassification of stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("Tax Reform Act") from other comprehensive income to retained earnings. ASU 2018-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted ASU 2018-02 during the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 with period of adoption application. Upon adoption, the Company made a policy election to reclassify stranded tax effects of approximately $2.4 million from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which amends the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements in ASC 815 to improve the transparency and understandability of information conveyed to financial statement users about an entity’s risk management activities to better align the entity’s financial reporting for hedging relationships with those risk management activities and to reduce the complexity of and simplify the application of hedge accounting. ASU 2017-12 is to be applied to all existing hedging relationships on the date of adoption and will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period, with the effect of adoption reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU 2017-12 on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which addresses timelier recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations. ASU 2016-13 requires institutions to measure all expected credit losses related to financial assets measured at amortized costs with an expected loss model based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts relevant to affect the collectability of the financial assets, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss (CECL) model. ASU 2016-13 requires enhanced disclosures, including qualitative and quantitative requirements, to help understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as provide additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements. ASU 2016-13 will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted after December 15, 2018. The amendment requires the use of the modified retrospective approach for adoption. The Company has formed a project team to work on the implementation of ASU 2016-13 and is currently evaluating the potential impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires that lessees recognize the assets and liabilities arising from leases on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Lessees will be required to recognize an obligation for future lease payments measured on a discounted basis and a related right-of-use asset. ASU 2016-02 does not significantly change lease accounting requirements applicable to lessors; however, certain changes were made to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and ASC Topic 606, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers." ASU 2016-02 will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU 2016-02 on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10) - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which requires equity investments, in general, to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. It also eliminates the requirement to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value for financial instruments measured at amortized cost, requires entities to use the exit price notion when measuring fair value, requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the measurement category and form on the balance sheet or accompanying notes, clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available for sale securities in combination with the entity's other deferred tax assets, and simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values. ASU 2016-01 will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe ASU 2016-01 will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which implements a more robust framework that clarifies the principles for recognizing revenue and gives greater consistency and comparability in revenue recognition practices. In the new framework, an entity recognizes revenue in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for goods or services. The new model requires the identification of performance obligations included in the contract with customers, a determination of the transaction price and an allocation of the price to those performance obligations. The entity recognizes revenue when performance obligations are satisfied. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, which intends to improve the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, which clarifies guidance pertaining to the identification of performance obligations and the licensing implementation. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-11 and 2016-12, which further clarify guidance and provide practical expedients related to the adoption of ASU 2014-09. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The standard, along with subsequent guidance from FASB, lists several items that are specifically out of scope for ASU 2014-09, including but not limited to core interest income, derivative instruments, investments, and loan origination fees.

To address the new standard, the Company formed a working group and has completed the initial scoping phase to determine which revenue streams may be subject to accounting or disclosure changes upon adoption in October of 2018. Subsequent to this initial scoping, the Company selected a representative sample of contracts from the in-scope revenue streams for review under the amended guidance ("key contracts"). The review of key contracts is in process. Based on this preliminary analysis, we do not anticipate significant changes as a result of implementing the standard, but will conclude on the quantitative and qualitative impacts once we have completed our review of key contracts for any in-scope items over the coming months.

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Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Policies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of correction of prior period balances

As a result, the consolidated statements of income have been revised to reflect these changes as follows.

	As originally reported		Adjustments			As revised
	(dollars in thousands)
Three months ended March 31, 2017
Interest income - loans	$	101,136	$	(1,655	)	$	99,481
Noninterest income - service charges and other fees	11,919		1,655			13,574
Six months ended March 31, 2017
Interest income - loans	$	202,818	$	(3,405	)	$	199,413
Noninterest income - service charges and other fees	24,005		3,405			27,410

	As originally reported		Adjustments			As revised
	(dollars in thousands)
Twelve months ended September 30, 2017
Interest income - loans	$	414,434	$	(7,152	)	$	407,282
Noninterest income - service charges and other fees	48,573		7,152			55,725
Twelve months ended September 30, 2016
Interest income - loans	$	370,444	$	(6,716	)	$	363,728
Noninterest income - service charges and other fees	46,209		6,716			52,925

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Securities Available for Sale (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Schedule of amortized cost and fair value of investments

The amortized cost and approximate fair value of investments in securities, all of which are classified as available for sale according to management’s intent, are summarized as follows.

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
As of March 31, 2018
U.S. Treasury securities	$	178,563	$	—	$	(1,144	)	$	177,419
Mortgage-backed securities:
Government National Mortgage Association	452,297		47		(13,971		)	438,373
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation	218,838		3		(4,878		)	213,963
Federal National Mortgage Association	179,268		—		(4,591		)	174,677
Small Business Assistance Program	237,156		144		(4,036		)	233,264
States and political subdivision securities	70,513		10		(1,623		)	68,900
Other	1,006		—		(4		)	1,002
Total	$	1,337,641	$	204	$	(30,247	)	$	1,307,598

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
As of September 30, 2017
U.S. Treasury securities	$	228,039	$	579	$	(15	)	$	228,603
Mortgage-backed securities:
Government National Mortgage Association	511,457		228		(6,635		)	505,050
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation	169,147		75		(1,247		)	167,975
Federal National Mortgage Association	170,247		22		(1,287		)	168,982
Small Business Assistance Program	224,005		726		(1,001		)	223,730
States and political subdivision securities	73,041		187		(642		)	72,586
Other	1,006		28		—			1,034
Total	$	1,376,942	$	1,845	$	(10,827	)	$	1,367,960

Schedule of amortized cost and fair value of investments by contractual maturity

The amortized cost and approximate fair value of debt securities available for sale as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Maturities of mortgage-backed securities may differ from contractual maturities because the mortgages underlying the securities may be called or repaid without penalty.

	March 31, 2018				September 30, 2017
	Amortized  Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Amortized  Cost		Estimated Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	43,291	$	43,204	$	91,535	$	91,597
Due after one year through five years	189,787		187,741		193,117		193,373
Due after five years through ten years	15,876		15,252		16,306		16,097
Due after ten years	122		122		122		122
	249,076		246,319		301,080		301,189
Mortgage-backed securities	1,087,559		1,060,277		1,074,856		1,065,737
Securities without contractual maturities	1,006		1,002		1,006		1,034
Total	$	1,337,641	$	1,307,598	$	1,376,942	$	1,367,960

Schedule of gross unrealized losses on investments

The following table presents the Company’s gross unrealized losses and approximate fair value in investments, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.

	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(dollars in thousands)
As of March 31, 2018
U.S. Treasury securities	$	148,360	$	(873	)	$	29,059	$	(271	)	$	177,419	$	(1,144	)
Mortgage-backed securities	314,049		(4,765		)	712,510		(22,711		)	1,026,559		(27,476		)
States and political subdivision securities	14,967		(109		)	49,249		(1,514		)	64,216		(1,623		)
Other	1,002		(4		)	—		—			1,002		(4		)
Total	$	478,378	$	(5,751	)	$	790,818	$	(24,496	)	$	1,269,196	$	(30,247	)

	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(dollars in thousands)
As of September 30, 2017
U.S. Treasury securities	$	10,003	$	(15	)	$	—	$	—		$	10,003	$	(15	)
Mortgage-backed securities	635,969		(5,425		)	241,368		(4,746		)	877,337		(10,171		)
States and political subdivision securities	21,705		(197		)	25,773		(444		)	47,478		(641		)
Other	—		—			—		—			—		—
Total	$	667,677	$	(5,637	)	$	267,141	$	(5,190	)	$	934,818	$	(10,827	)

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Loans (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of loans receivable

The composition of loans as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, is as follows.

	March 31, 2018			September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate	$	4,467,778		$	4,124,805
Agriculture	2,177,020			2,122,138
Commercial non-real estate	1,767,587			1,718,914
Residential real estate	866,982			932,892
Consumer	55,190			66,559
Other	41,816			43,207
Ending balance	9,376,373			9,008,515
Less: Unamortized discount on acquired loans	(23,501		)	(29,121		)
Unearned net deferred fees and costs and loans in process	(14,566		)	(10,841		)
Total	$	9,338,306		$	8,968,553

Schedule of the Company's nonaccrual loans

The following table presents the Company’s nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, excluding ASC 310-30 loans. Loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing interest as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, were $0.9 million and $1.9 million, respectively.

	March 31, 2018		September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans
Commercial real estate	$	26,343	$	14,693
Agriculture	86,758		99,325
Commercial non-real estate	10,146		13,674
Residential real estate	4,058		4,421
Consumer	88		112
Total	$	127,393	$	132,225

Schedule of the composition of the loan portfolio by internal risk rating

This table is presented net of unamortized discount on acquired loans and excludes loans measured at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings of $921.0 million at March 31, 2018 and $1.02 billion at September 30, 2017.

As of March 31, 2018	Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Commercial Non-Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Other		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade
Grade:
Pass	$	3,888,128	$	1,683,280	$	1,443,731	$	798,778	$	54,324	$	41,816	$	7,910,057
Watchlist	62,695		152,878		33,852		4,935		326		—		254,686
Substandard	62,784		123,714		19,552		7,152		235		—		213,437
Doubtful	113		5		2,756		126		—		—		3,000
Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Ending balance	4,013,720		1,959,877		1,499,891		810,991		54,885		41,816		8,381,180
Loans covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement	—		—		—		50,727		—		—		50,727
Total	$	4,013,720	$	1,959,877	$	1,499,891	$	861,718	$	54,885	$	41,816	$	8,431,907

As of September 30, 2017	Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Commercial Non-Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Other		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade
Grade:
Pass	$	3,519,689	$	1,577,403	$	1,369,803	$	853,266	$	65,673	$	43,207	$	7,429,041
Watchlist	80,195		157,407		31,878		4,158		187		—		273,825
Substandard	37,627		130,953		21,438		7,368		306		—		197,692
Doubtful	521		119		3,841		242		—		—		4,723
Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Ending balance	3,638,032		1,865,882		1,426,960		865,034		66,166		43,207		7,905,281
Loans covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement	—		—		—		57,537		—		—		57,537
Total	$	3,638,032	$	1,865,882	$	1,426,960	$	922,571	$	66,166	$	43,207	$	7,962,818

Schedule of past due loans

The following table presents the Company’s past due loans at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017. This table is presented net of unamortized discount on acquired loans and excludes loans measured at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings of $921.0 million at March 31, 2018 and $1.02 billion at September 30, 2017.

	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Financing Receivables
	(dollars in thousands)
As of March 31, 2018
Commercial real estate	$	3,308	$	67	$	22,319	$	25,694	$	3,988,026	$	4,013,720
Agriculture	2,387		371		26,498		29,256		1,930,621		1,959,877
Commercial non-real estate	3,665		1,190		5,223		10,078		1,489,813		1,499,891
Residential real estate	2,568		90		1,364		4,022		806,969		810,991
Consumer	140		3		44		187		54,698		54,885
Other	—		—		—		—		41,816		41,816
Ending balance	12,068		1,721		55,448		69,237		8,311,943		8,381,180
Loans covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement	1,283		217		588		2,088		48,639		50,727
Total	$	13,351	$	1,938	$	56,036	$	71,325	$	8,360,582	$	8,431,907

	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Financing Receivables
	(dollars in thousands)
As of September 30, 2017
Commercial real estate	$	876	$	22,536	$	6,504	$	29,916	$	3,608,116	$	3,638,032
Agriculture	1,453		3,181		20,844		25,478		1,840,404		1,865,882
Commercial non-real estate	2,485		115		8,580		11,180		1,415,780		1,426,960
Residential real estate	1,428		76		951		2,455		862,579		865,034
Consumer	71		24		18		113		66,053		66,166
Other	—		—		—		—		43,207		43,207
Ending balance	6,313		25,932		36,897		69,142		7,836,139		7,905,281
Loans covered by a FDIC loss sharing agreement	998		54		738		1,790		55,747		57,537
Total	$	7,311	$	25,986	$	37,635	$	70,932	$	7,891,886	$	7,962,818

Schedule of impaired loans

The following table presents the Company’s impaired loans. This table excludes purchased credit impaired loans and loans measured at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings of $921.0 million at March 31, 2018 and $1.02 billion at September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018						September 30, 2017
	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance
	(dollars in thousands)
Impaired loans:
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate	$	48,532	$	49,799	$	7,248	$	20,819	$	24,893	$	3,621
Agriculture	63,293		73,823		10,465		79,219		88,268		11,468
Commercial non-real estate	14,747		18,140		4,320		17,950		28,755		4,779
Residential real estate	5,208		5,991		2,549		5,177		5,874		2,581
Consumer	217		225		74		280		287		86
Total impaired loans with an allowance recorded	131,997		147,978		24,656		123,445		148,077		22,535
With no allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate	13,335		52,866		—		16,652		69,677		—
Agriculture	61,643		66,567		—		51,256		64,177		—
Commercial non-real estate	14,110		23,372		—		13,983		38,924		—
Residential real estate	2,166		5,157		—		2,574		9,613		—
Consumer	14		133		—		13		950		—
Total impaired loans with no allowance recorded	91,268		148,095		—		84,478		183,341		—
Total impaired loans	$	223,265	$	296,073	$	24,656	$	207,923	$	331,418	$	22,535

The following table presents the average recorded investment on impaired loans and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are as follows.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018				Three Months Ended March 31, 2017				Six Months Ended March 31, 2018				Six Months Ended March 31, 2017
	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate	$	66,577	$	477	$	44,807	$	545	$	56,875	$	2,053	$	47,873	$	1,215
Agriculture	121,062		1,189		128,919		1,326		124,200		2,171		119,892		3,193
Commercial non-real estate	30,350		325		46,304		358		30,878		776		47,477		780
Residential real estate	7,578		116		9,565		126		7,636		281		9,831		240
Consumer	238		4		389		12		256		8		391		27
Total	$	225,805	$	2,111	$	229,984	$	2,367	$	219,845	$	5,289	$	225,464	$	5,455

The following table provides purchased credit impaired loans at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018						September 30, 2017
	Outstanding Balance ¹		Recorded Investment ²		Carrying Value ³		Outstanding Balance ¹		Recorded Investment ²		Carrying Value ³
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate	$	105,489	$	28,494	$	27,778	$	110,797	$	30,099	$	29,417
Agriculture	5,813		2,746		2,746		10,463		7,174		7,059
Commercial non-real estate	10,001		2,231		2,231		9,825		1,920		1,920
Residential real estate	55,326		46,945		46,827		61,981		52,736		52,540
Consumer	668		534		534		798		666		666
Total lending	$	177,297	$	80,950	$	80,116	$	193,864	$	92,595	$	91,602
1 Represents the legal balance of ASC 310-30 loans.
2 Represents the book balance of ASC 310-30 loans.
3 Represents the book balance of ASC 310-30 loans net of the related allowance for loan and lease losses.

Summary of troubled debt restructurings on accruing and nonaccrual loans

The following table presents the recorded value of the Company’s TDR balances as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018				September 30, 2017
	Accruing		Nonaccrual		Accruing		Nonaccrual
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate	$	617	$	2,632	$	1,121	$	5,351
Agriculture	29,200		60,098		22,678		59,633
Commercial non real estate	7,647		3,916		8,369		5,641
Real estate	249		739		311		688
Consumer	83		—		11		21
Total	$	37,796	$	67,385	$	32,490	$	71,334

The following table presents a summary of all accruing loans restructured in TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018					Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
		Recorded Investment					Recorded Investment
	Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification		Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate
Rate modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Agriculture
Rate modification	1	5,500		5,500		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		2	8,434		8,434
Payment modification	1	573		573		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total agriculture	2	6,073		6,073		2	8,434		8,434
Commercial non-real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		2	93		93
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial non-real estate	—	—		—		2	93		93
Residential real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total residential real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Consumer
Rate modification	1	73		73		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total consumer	1	73		73		—	—		—
Total accruing	3	$	6,146	$	6,146	4	$	8,527	$	8,527
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—

The following table presents a summary of all accruing loans restructured in TDRs during the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Six Months Ended March 31, 2018					Six Months Ended March 31, 2017
		Recorded Investment					Recorded Investment
	Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification		Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate
Rate modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Agriculture
Rate modification	1	5,500		5,500		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		2	8,434		8,434
Payment modification	1	573		573		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total agriculture	2	6,073		6,073		2	8,434		8,434
Commercial non-real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		4	526		526
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial non-real estate	—	—		—		4	526		526
Residential real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		1	9		9
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total residential real estate	—	—		—		1	9		9
Consumer
Rate modification	1	73		73		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total consumer	1	73		73		—	—		—
Total accruing	3	$	6,146	$	6,146	7	$	8,969	$	8,969
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—

The following table presents a summary of all non-accruing loans restructured in TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018					Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
		Recorded Investment					Recorded Investment
	Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification		Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate
Rate modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Agriculture
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	3	6,324		6,324		6	12,988		12,988
Payment modification	3	2,050		2,050		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total agriculture	6	8,374		8,374		6	12,988		12,988
Commercial non-real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial non-real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Residential real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total residential real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Consumer
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		3	21		21
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total consumer	—	—		—		3	21		21
Total non-accruing	6	$	8,374	$	8,374	9	$	13,009	$	13,009
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—

The following table presents a summary of all non-accruing loans restructured in TDRs during the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Six Months Ended March 31, 2018					Six Months Ended March 31, 2017
		Recorded Investment					Recorded Investment
	Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification		Number	Pre-Modification		Post-Modification
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate
Rate modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Agriculture
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	3	6,324		6,324		6	12,988		12,988
Payment modification	3	2,050		2,050		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total agriculture	6	8,374		8,374		6	12,988		12,988
Commercial non-real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total commercial non-real estate	—	—		—		—	—		—
Residential real estate
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		—	—		—
Payment modification	—	—		—		1	21		21
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total residential real estate	—	—		—		1	21		21
Consumer
Rate modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Term extension	—	—		—		3	21		21
Payment modification	—	—		—		—	—		—
Bankruptcy	—	—		—		—	—		—
Other	—	—		—		—	—		—
Total consumer	—	—		—		3	21		21
Total non-accruing	6	$	8,374	$	8,374	10	$	13,030	$	13,030
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—	$	—

The following table presents loans that were modified as TDRs within the previous 12 months and for which there was a payment default for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018			Three Months Ended March 31, 2017			Six Months Ended March 31, 2018			Six Months Ended March 31, 2017
	Number of Loans	Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Recorded Investment		Number of Loans	Recorded Investment
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate	—	$	—	—	$	—	1	$	1,012	1	$	34
Agriculture	3	4,264		—	—		4	5,011		—	—
Commercial non-real estate	—	—		1	—		—	—		1	—
Residential real estate	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—
Consumer	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—
Total	3	$	4,264	1	$	—	5	$	6,023	2	$	34

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Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Receivables [Abstract]

Summary of allowances for loan and lease losses

The following tables present the Company’s allowance for loan and lease losses roll forward for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2018	Commercial Real Estate			Agriculture			Commercial Non-Real Estate			Residential Real Estate			Consumer			Other			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance January 1, 2018	$	15,995		$	24,750		$	16,434		$	5,475		$	307		$	1,062		$	64,023
Charge-offs	(1,268		)	(783		)	(1,605		)	(20		)	(62		)	(557		)	(4,295		)
Recoveries	61			125			88			27			20			190			511
Provision	4,077			152			813			(341		)	14			281			4,996
Impairment (improvement) of ASC 310-30 loans	49			(115		)	—			(30		)	—			—			(96		)
Ending balance March 31, 2018	$	18,914		$	24,129		$	15,730		$	5,111		$	279		$	976		$	65,139

Three Months Ended March 31, 2017	Commercial Real Estate			Agriculture			Commercial Non-Real Estate			Residential Real Estate			Consumer			Other			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance January 1, 2017	$	16,623		$	28,519		$	13,443		$	6,786		$	340		$	1,056		$	66,767
Charge-offs	(1,824		)	(4,554		)	(1,734		)	(117		)	(31		)	(819		)	(9,079		)
Recoveries	286			118			121			56			15			392			988
Provision	2,096			2,237			119			210			47			351			5,060
(Improvement) of ASC 310-30 loans	(185		)	—			—			(866		)	—			—			(1,051		)
Ending balance March 31, 2017	$	16,996		$	26,320		$	11,949		$	6,069		$	371		$	980		$	62,685

Six Months Ended March 31, 2018	Commercial Real Estate			Agriculture			Commercial Non-Real Estate			Residential Real Estate			Consumer			Other			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance October 1, 2017	$	16,941		$	25,757		$	14,114		$	5,347		$	329		$	1,015		$	63,503
Charge-offs	(1,597		)	(2,981		)	(2,844		)	(275		)	(116		)	(1,091		)	(8,904		)
Recoveries	209			172			209			117			42			334			1,083
Provision	3,322			1,296			4,251			(11		)	24			718			9,600
Impairment (improvement) of ASC 310-30 loans	39			(115		)	—			(67		)	—			—			(143		)
Ending balance March 31, 2018	$	18,914		$	24,129		$	15,730		$	5,111		$	279		$	976		$	65,139

Six Months Ended March 31, 2017	Commercial Real Estate			Agriculture			Commercial Non-Real Estate			Residential Real Estate			Consumer			Other			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance October 1, 2016	$	17,946		$	25,115		$	12,990		$	7,106		$	438		$	1,047		$	64,642
Charge-offs	(1,824		)	(7,420		)	(3,693		)	(267		)	(110		)	(1,317		)	(14,631		)
Recoveries	385			144			219			262			30			576			1,616
Provision	549			8,481			2,433			(140		)	13			674			12,010
(Improvement) of ASC 310-30 loans	(60		)	—			—			(892		)	—			—			(952		)
Ending balance March 31, 2017	$	16,996		$	26,320		$	11,949		$	6,069		$	371		$	980		$	62,685

The following tables provide details regarding the allowance for loan and lease losses and balance by type of allowance as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017. These tables are presented net of unamortized discount on acquired loans and excludes loansof $921.0 million measured at fair value, loans held for sale of $2.4 million, and guaranteed loans of $161.5 million for March 31, 2018 and loans measured at fair value of $1.02 billion, loans held for sale of $7.5 million, and guaranteed loans of $168.3 million for September 30, 2017.

As of March 31, 2018	Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Commercial Non-Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Other		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	7,248	$	10,465	$	4,320	$	2,549	$	74	$	—	$	24,656
Collectively evaluated for impairment	10,950		13,664		11,410		2,444		205		976		39,649
ASC 310-30 loans	716		—		—		118		—		—		834
Total allowance	$	18,914	$	24,129	$	15,730	$	5,111	$	279	$	976	$	65,139
Financing Receivables
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	61,867	$	124,936	$	28,857	$	7,374	$	231	$	—	$	223,265
Collectively evaluated for impairment	3,846,737		1,808,883		1,407,897		804,298		54,120		41,816		7,963,751
ASC 310-30 loans	28,494		2,746		2,231		46,945		534		—		80,950
Loans Outstanding	$	3,937,098	$	1,936,565	$	1,438,985	$	858,617	$	54,885	$	41,816	$	8,267,966

As of September 30, 2017	Commercial Real Estate		Agriculture		Commercial Non-Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Consumer		Other		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	3,621	$	11,468	$	4,779	$	2,581	$	86	$	—	$	22,535
Collectively evaluated for impairment	12,638		14,174		9,335		2,570		243		1,015		39,975
ASC 310-30 loans	682		115		—		196		—		—		993
Total allowance	$	16,941	$	25,757	$	14,114	$	5,347	$	329	$	1,015	$	63,503
Financing Receivables
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	37,471	$	130,475	$	31,933	$	7,751	$	293	$	—	$	207,923
Collectively evaluated for impairment	3,487,232		1,702,634		1,333,888		854,330		65,207		43,207		7,486,498
ASC 310-30 loans	30,099		7,174		1,920		52,736		666		—		92,595
Loans Outstanding	$	3,554,802	$	1,840,283	$	1,367,741	$	914,817	$	66,166	$	43,207	$	7,787,016

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Accounting for Certain Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of troubled debt restructurings

The re-assessment of purchased credit impaired loans resulted in the following changes in the accretable yield during the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017			March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	41,918		$	39,758		$	44,131		$	38,124
Accretion	(3,664		)	(3,040		)	(7,045		)	(5,978		)
Reclassification from nonaccretable difference	(413		)	1,987			755			6,559
Balance at end of period	$	37,841		$	38,705		$	37,841		$	38,705

Schedule of impaired loans

The following table presents the Company’s impaired loans. This table excludes purchased credit impaired loans and loans measured at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings of $921.0 million at March 31, 2018 and $1.02 billion at September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018						September 30, 2017
	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance
	(dollars in thousands)
Impaired loans:
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate	$	48,532	$	49,799	$	7,248	$	20,819	$	24,893	$	3,621
Agriculture	63,293		73,823		10,465		79,219		88,268		11,468
Commercial non-real estate	14,747		18,140		4,320		17,950		28,755		4,779
Residential real estate	5,208		5,991		2,549		5,177		5,874		2,581
Consumer	217		225		74		280		287		86
Total impaired loans with an allowance recorded	131,997		147,978		24,656		123,445		148,077		22,535
With no allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate	13,335		52,866		—		16,652		69,677		—
Agriculture	61,643		66,567		—		51,256		64,177		—
Commercial non-real estate	14,110		23,372		—		13,983		38,924		—
Residential real estate	2,166		5,157		—		2,574		9,613		—
Consumer	14		133		—		13		950		—
Total impaired loans with no allowance recorded	91,268		148,095		—		84,478		183,341		—
Total impaired loans	$	223,265	$	296,073	$	24,656	$	207,923	$	331,418	$	22,535

The following table presents the average recorded investment on impaired loans and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are as follows.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018				Three Months Ended March 31, 2017				Six Months Ended March 31, 2018				Six Months Ended March 31, 2017
	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate	$	66,577	$	477	$	44,807	$	545	$	56,875	$	2,053	$	47,873	$	1,215
Agriculture	121,062		1,189		128,919		1,326		124,200		2,171		119,892		3,193
Commercial non-real estate	30,350		325		46,304		358		30,878		776		47,477		780
Residential real estate	7,578		116		9,565		126		7,636		281		9,831		240
Consumer	238		4		389		12		256		8		391		27
Total	$	225,805	$	2,111	$	229,984	$	2,367	$	219,845	$	5,289	$	225,464	$	5,455

The following table provides purchased credit impaired loans at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018						September 30, 2017
	Outstanding Balance ¹		Recorded Investment ²		Carrying Value ³		Outstanding Balance ¹		Recorded Investment ²		Carrying Value ³
	(dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate	$	105,489	$	28,494	$	27,778	$	110,797	$	30,099	$	29,417
Agriculture	5,813		2,746		2,746		10,463		7,174		7,059
Commercial non-real estate	10,001		2,231		2,231		9,825		1,920		1,920
Residential real estate	55,326		46,945		46,827		61,981		52,736		52,540
Consumer	668		534		534		798		666		666
Total lending	$	177,297	$	80,950	$	80,116	$	193,864	$	92,595	$	91,602
1 Represents the legal balance of ASC 310-30 loans.
2 Represents the book balance of ASC 310-30 loans.
3 Represents the book balance of ASC 310-30 loans net of the related allowance for loan and lease losses.

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FDIC Indemnification Asset (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Banking and Thrift [Abstract]

Summary of FDIC indemnification asset activity

The following table represents a summary of the activity related to the FDIC indemnification asset for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Six Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	4,692		$	9,887		$	5,704		$	10,777
Amortization	(671		)	(1,114		)	(1,689		)	(1,981		)
Changes in expected reimbursements from FDIC for changes in expected credit losses	(76		)	(133		)	(94		)	(105		)
Changes in reimbursable expenses	(456		)	(299		)	(662		)	(538		)
Reimbursements of covered losses to the FDIC	189			30			419			218
Balance at end of period	$	3,678		$	8,371		$	3,678		$	8,371

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Derivative Financial Instruments (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of derivative positions, notional amounts and estimated fair values

The following table presents the notional amounts and gross fair values of all derivative assets and liabilities held by the Company as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018							September 30, 2017
	Notional Amount		Gross Asset Fair Value		Gross Liability Fair Value			Notional Amount		Gross Asset Fair Value		Gross Liability Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps
Financial institution counterparties	$	1,039,100	$	17,185	$	(6,943	)	$	1,025,474	$	4,967	$	(22,737	)
Customer counterparties	118,606		1,602		(1,112		)	36,072		615		—
Mortgage loan commitments	27,499		3		—			37,765		—		(48		)
Mortgage loan forward sale contracts	27,398		—		(3		)	43,628		48		—
Total	$	1,212,603	$	18,790	$	(8,058	)	$	1,142,939	$	5,630	$	(22,785	)

Summary of offsetting assets

The following tables provide information on the Company's netting adjustments as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	Amounts offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
	Gross Fair Value			Fair Value Offset Amount			Cash Collateral			Net Amount Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
	(dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2018
Total Derivative Assets	$	18,790		$	(6,943	)	$	(9,015	)	$	2,832
Total Derivative Liabilities ¹	$	(8,058	)	$	6,943		$	(3	)	$	(1,118	)
1 In addition to the cash collateral, there were securities of $5.0 million posted as collateral for financial institution counterparties at March 31, 2018.

	Amounts offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
	Gross Fair Value			Fair Value Offset Amount			Cash Collateral		Net Amount Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
	(dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2017
Total Derivative Assets	$	1,850		$	(1,850	)	$	—	$	—
Total Derivative Liabilities ¹ ²	(19,005		)	1,850			—		(17,155		)
1 In addition to the cash collateral, there were securities of $25.0 million posted as collateral for financial institution counterparties at September 30, 2017.
2 There was an additional $2.3 million of collateral held for initial margin with our Futures Clearing Merchant for clearing derivatives at September 30, 2017 and is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

Summary of offsetting liabilities

The following tables provide information on the Company's netting adjustments as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	Amounts offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
	Gross Fair Value			Fair Value Offset Amount			Cash Collateral			Net Amount Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
	(dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2018
Total Derivative Assets	$	18,790		$	(6,943	)	$	(9,015	)	$	2,832
Total Derivative Liabilities ¹	$	(8,058	)	$	6,943		$	(3	)	$	(1,118	)
1 In addition to the cash collateral, there were securities of $5.0 million posted as collateral for financial institution counterparties at March 31, 2018.

	Amounts offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
	Gross Fair Value			Fair Value Offset Amount			Cash Collateral		Net Amount Presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet
	(dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2017
Total Derivative Assets	$	1,850		$	(1,850	)	$	—	$	—
Total Derivative Liabilities ¹ ²	(19,005		)	1,850			—		(17,155		)
1 In addition to the cash collateral, there were securities of $25.0 million posted as collateral for financial institution counterparties at September 30, 2017.
2 There was an additional $2.3 million of collateral held for initial margin with our Futures Clearing Merchant for clearing derivatives at September 30, 2017 and is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

Schedule of derivative instruments, effect on other comprehensive income

The effect of derivatives on the consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 was as follows.

		Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Statements of Income
		Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Statements of Income	March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017			March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017
		(dollars in thousands)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	Net realized and unrealized gain on derivatives	$	14,282		$	1,592		$	21,509		$	60,568
Mortgage loan commitments	Net realized and unrealized gain on derivatives	2			158			3			53
Mortgage loan forward sale contracts	Net realized and unrealized gain on derivatives	(2		)	(158		)	(3		)	(53		)

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The Fair Value Option for Certain Loans (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of the fair value option

Changes in fair value for items for which the fair value option has been elected and the line items in which these changes are reported within the consolidated statements of income are as follows for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018						Three Months Ended March 31, 2017						Six Months Ended March 31, 2018						Six Months Ended March 31, 2017
	Noninterest Income			Total Changes in Fair Value			Noninterest Income			Total Changes in Fair Value			Noninterest Income			Total Changes in Fair Value			Noninterest Income			Total Changes in Fair Value
	(dollars in thousands)
Long-term loans	$	(14,838	)	$	(14,838	)	$	(5,216	)	$	(5,216	)	$	(23,502	)	$	(23,502	)	$	(69,218	)	$	(69,218	)

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Core Deposits and Other Intangibles (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of finite-lived intangible assets

The following table presents a summary of intangible assets subject to amortization as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	Core Deposit Intangible			Brand Intangible			Other Intangible			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
As of March 31, 2018
Gross carrying amount	$	7,339		$	8,464		$	538		$	16,341
Accumulated amortization	(2,116		)	(5,546		)	(157		)	(7,819		)
Net intangible assets	$	5,223		$	2,918		$	381		$	8,522
As of September 30, 2017
Gross carrying amount	$	7,339		$	8,464		$	538		$	16,341
Accumulated amortization	(1,579		)	(5,264		)	(124		)	(6,967		)
Net intangible assets	$	5,760		$	3,200		$	414		$	9,374

Schedule of estimated amortization expense of intangible assets

Estimated amortization expense of intangible assets in subsequent fiscal years is as follows.

	Amount
	(dollars in thousands)
Remaining in 2018	$	810
2019	1,538
2020	1,430
2021	1,334
2022	1,249
2023 and thereafter	2,161
Total	$	8,522

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Loan Servicing Rights (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Transfers and Servicing [Abstract]

Schedule of loan servicing rights and valuation allowance activity

The following table is the activity for loan servicing rights and the related valuation allowance for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Six Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Loan servicing rights
Beginning of period	$	3,842		$	5,286		$	4,155		$	5,794
Additions	—			—			—			—
Amortization ¹	(246		)	(380		)	(559		)	(888		)
End of period	$	3,596		$	4,906		$	3,596		$	4,906
Valuation allowance
Beginning of period	$	(43	)	$	(8	)	$	(81	)	$	(13	)
(Additions) / reductions ¹	33			5			71			10
End of period	$	(10	)	$	(3	)	$	(10	)	$	(3	)
Loan servicing rights, net	$	3,586		$	4,903		$	3,586		$	4,903
Servicing fees received	$	435		$	525		$	872		$	1,073
Balance of loans serviced at:
Beginning of period	692,593			823,375			722,461			868,865
End of period	669,767			792,779			669,767			792,779
1 Changes to carrying amounts are reported net of loan servicing income on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the periods presented.

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Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Abstract]

Schedule of repurchases agreements

The following tables present the gross obligation by the class of collateral pledged and the remaining contractual maturity of the agreements at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018
	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30-90 Days		Greater than 90 Days		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Repurchase agreements
Municipal securities	$	3,024	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,024
Mortgage-backed securities	100,267		—		—		—		100,267
Total repurchase agreements	$	103,291	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	103,291

	September 30, 2017
	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30-90 Days		Greater than 90 Days		Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Repurchase agreements
Municipal securities	$	3,626	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,626
Mortgage-backed securities	129,010		—		—		—		129,010
Total repurchase agreements	$	132,636	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	132,636

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FHLB Advances and Other Borrowings (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Federal Home Loan Banks [Abstract]

Schedule of FHLB advances and other borrowings

FHLB advances and other borrowings consist of the following at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018		September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Short-term borrowings:
Notes payable to FHLB, interest rates from 1.76% to 1.80% and matured dates in April 2018, collateralized by real estate loans, with various call dates at the option of the FHLB	$	350,000	$	512,200
FHLB fed funds advance, interest rate of 1.91% and maturity date in October 2018	75,000		75,000
Long-term borrowings:
Notes payable to FHLB, interest rates from 1.05% to 3.66% and maturity dates from April 2018 to July 2023, collateralized by real estate loans, with various call dates at the option of the FHLB	126,000		56,000
Total	551,000		643,200
Fair value adjustment ¹	3		14
Total FHLB advances and other borrowings	$	551,003	$	643,214
1 Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments related to the FHLB advances and notes payable assumed as part of the HF Financial acquisition.

Schedule of FHLB advances and other borrowings by maturity date

As of March 31, 2018, FHLB advances and other borrowings are due or callable (whichever is earlier) in subsequent fiscal years as follows.

	Amount
	(dollars in thousands)
Remaining in 2018	$	381,000
2019	75,000
2020	70,000
2021	—
2022	—
2023 and thereafter	25,000
Total	$	551,000

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Subordinated Debentures and Subordinated Notes Payable (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable

Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable are summarized as follows.

	March 31, 2018					September 30, 2017
	Amount Outstanding			Common Shares Held in Other Assets		Amount Outstanding			Common Shares Held in Other Assets
	(dollars in thousands)
Junior subordinated debentures payable to nonconsolidated trusts
GW Statutory Trust IV, variable rate of 2.85%, plus 3 month LIBOR	$	23,093		$	693	$	23,093		$	693
GW Statutory Trust VI, variable rate of 1.48%, plus 3 month LIBOR	30,928			928		30,928			928
SSB Trust II, variable rate of 1.85%, plus 3 month LIBOR	2,062			62		2,062			62
HF Capital Trust III, variable rate of 3.35%, plus 3 month LIBOR	5,155			155		5,155			155
HF Capital Trust IV, variable rate of 3.10%, plus 3 month LIBOR	7,217			217		7,217			217
HF Capital Trust V, variable rate of 1.83%, plus 3 month LIBOR	5,310			310		5,310			310
HF Capital Trust VI, variable rate of 1.65%, plus 3 month LIBOR	2,155			155		2,155			155
Total junior subordinated debentures payable	75,920			$	2,520	75,920			$	2,520
Less: fair value adjustment ¹	(2,363		)			(2,409		)
Total junior subordinated debentures payable, net of fair value adjustment	73,557					73,511
Subordinated notes payable
Fixed to floating rate, 4.875% per annum	35,000					35,000
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	(172		)			(209		)
Total subordinated notes payable	34,828					34,791
Total subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable	$	108,385				$	108,302
1 Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments related to the junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures assumed as part of the HF Financial acquisition.

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Income Taxes (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Components

The provision for income taxes charged to operations consists of the following for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Six Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017			2018		2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Currently paid or payable
Federal	$	11,791		$	16,789		$	20,752	$	29,942
State	2,939			2,337			5,394		4,701
Total	14,730			19,126			26,146		34,643
Deferred tax expense
Federal	74			(1,044		)	16,838		(566		)
State	(85		)	128			377		194
Total	(11		)	(916		)	17,215		(372		)
Total provision for income taxes	$	14,719		$	18,210		$	43,361	$	34,271

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

The income tax provision differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate of 24.5% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 35% for the three and six months ended March 31, 2017 to pretax income due to the following.

	Three Months Ended March 31,						Six Months Ended March 31,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Income tax expense computed at the statutory rate	$	13,552		$	18,679		$	27,748		$	37,217
Increase (decrease) in income taxes resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	2,154			1,602			4,356			3,182
Tax exempt interest income	(1,415		)	(1,996		)	(2,786		)	(4,034		)
Impact of enacted federal income tax rate reduction	—			—			13,586			—
Other	428			(75		)	457			(2,094		)
Income tax expense, as reported	$	14,719		$	18,210		$	43,361		$	34,271

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) consist of the following components at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	March 31, 2018			September 30, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for loan and lease losses	$	16,311		$	23,730
Compensation	3,246			6,227
Securities available for sale	7,406			3,413
Other real estate owned	505			763
Core deposit intangible and other fair value adjustments	4,235			6,058
Excess tax basis of FDIC indemnification asset and clawback liability	3,574			4,563
Excess tax basis of loans acquired over carrying value	5,959			9,417
Other reserves	2,810			4,406
Other	4,988			6,922
Total deferred tax assets	49,034			65,499
Deferred tax liabilities:
Goodwill and other intangibles	(11,518		)	(13,784		)
Premises and equipment	(5,590		)	(8,828		)
Other	(297		)	(487		)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(17,405		)	(23,099		)
Net deferred tax assets	$	31,629		$	42,400

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]

Summary of restricted share and performance-based stock award activity

The following is a summary of the Plans’ restricted share and performance-based stock award activity as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017. The number of performance shares granted in the following table are reflected at the amount of achievement of the pre-established targets.

	March 31, 2018					September 30, 2017
	Common Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Common Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Restricted Shares
Restricted shares, beginning of fiscal year	180,337			$	33.06	160,335			$	26.89
Granted	89,003			41.07		90,363			39.35
Vested	(81,999		)	32.12		(68,293		)	26.97
Forfeited	(1,959		)	40.30		(2,068		)	30.91
Canceled	—			—		—			—
Restricted shares, end of period	185,382			$	37.25	180,337			$	33.06
Vested, but not issuable at end of period	39,514			$	32.90	29,287			$	30.05
Performance Shares
Performance shares, beginning of fiscal year	133,604			$	33.39	236,185			$	20.28
Granted	56,149			28.92		137,612			39.43
Vested	—			—		(235,055		)	18.00
Forfeited	(2,178		)	39.71		(5,138		)	19.80
Canceled	—			—		—			—
Performance shares, end of period	$	187,575		$	35.63	$	133,604		$	33.39
Vested, but not issuable at end of period	5,612			$	18.00	5,612			$	18.00

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of fair value measurements of assets and liabilities

The following table presents the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(dollars in thousands)
As of March 31, 2018
U.S. Treasury securities	$	177,419	$	177,419	$	—	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities	1,060,277		—		1,060,277		—
States and political subdivision securities	68,900		—		67,935		965
Other	1,002		—		1,002		—
Total securities available for sale	$	1,307,598	$	177,419	$	1,129,214	$	965
Derivatives-assets	$	2,832	$	—	$	2,832	$	—
Derivatives-liabilities	1,118		—		1,118		—
Fair value loans	920,965		—		920,965		—

	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(dollars in thousands)
As of September 30, 2017
U.S. Treasury securities	$	228,603	$	228,603	$	—	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities	1,065,737		—		1,065,737		—
States and political subdivision securities	72,586		—		71,517		1,069
Other	1,034		—		1,034		—
Total securities available for sale	$	1,367,960	$	228,603	$	1,138,288	$	1,069
Derivatives-assets	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Derivatives-liabilities	17,155		—		17,155		—
Fair value loans	1,016,576		—		1,016,576		—

Schedule of changes in Level 3 financial instruments

The following table presents the changes in Level 3 financial instruments for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	March 31, 2018		March 31, 2017		March 31, 2018			March 31, 2017
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	965	$	1,224	$	1,069		$	1,315
Principal paydown	—		—		(104		)	(91		)
Balance, end of period	$	965	$	1,224	$	965		$	1,224

Summary of mortgage loans held-for-sale, fair value measurement

The following tables present the fair value measurement of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.

	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	(dollars in thousands)
As of March 31, 2018
Other repossessed property	$	7,679	$	—	$	—	$	7,679
Impaired loans	198,609		—		—		198,609
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value	2,429		—		2,429		—
Loan servicing rights	3,586		—		—		3,586
Property held for sale	1,109		—		—		1,109
As of September 30, 2017
Other repossessed property	$	7,728	$	—	$	—	$	7,728
Impaired loans	185,388		—		—		185,388
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value	7,456		—		7,456		—
Loan servicing rights	4,074		—		—		4,074
Property held for sale	5,147		—		—		5,147

Summary of valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used to measure Level 3 fair value measurements

The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used to measure Level 3 fair value measurements at March 31, 2018 were as follows.

	Fair Value of Assets / (Liabilities) at March 31, 2018		Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input	Range	Weighted Average
	(dollars in thousands)
Other repossessed property	$	7,679	Appraisal value	Property specific adjustment	N/A	N/A
Impaired loans	198,609		Appraisal value	Property specific adjustment	N/A	N/A
Loan servicing rights	3,586		Discounted cash flows	Constant prepayment rate Discount rate	7.9 - 20.5% 10.0 - 15.0%	10.4% 11.8%
Property held for sale	1,109		Appraisal value	Property specific adjustment	N/A	N/A

Schedule of fair values for balance sheet instruments

Fair values for balance sheet instruments as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017 are as follows.

		March 31, 2018				September 30, 2017
	Level in Fair Value Hierarchy	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
		(dollars in thousands)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	371,749	$	371,749	$	360,396	$	360,396
Loans, net excluding fair valued loans and loans held for sale	Level 3	8,349,772		8,238,751		7,881,018		7,798,134
Accrued interest receivable	Level 2	49,353		49,353		53,176		53,176
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	Level 2	30,032		30,032		29,619		29,619
FHLB stock	Level 2	33,720		33,720		37,551		37,551
Liabilities
Deposits	Level 2	$	9,386,967	$	9,384,577	$	8,977,613	$	8,978,926
FHLB advances and other borrowings	Level 2	551,003		477,292		643,214		645,421
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	Level 2	103,291		103,291		132,636		132,636
Accrued interest payable	Level 2	6,165		6,165		4,405		4,405
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable	Level 2	108,385		107,826		108,302		108,293

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Earnings per Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of basic and diluted earnings per share

The following information was used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended March 31,				Six Months Ended March 31,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Net income	$	40,532	$	35,162	$	69,762	$	72,065
Weighted average common shares outstanding	58,941,315		58,788,802		58,921,972		58,769,662
Dilutive effect of stock based compensation	204,802		284,867		194,951		263,125
Weighted average common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share calculation	59,146,117		59,073,669		59,116,923		59,032,787
Basic earnings per share	$	0.69	$	0.60	$	1.18	$	1.23
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.69	$	0.60	$	1.18	$	1.22

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Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Policies - Narrative (Details) - $ / shares		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 26, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Dividends Payable [Line Items]
Common stock dividends declared (in dollars per share)		$ 0.20	$ 0.17	$ 0.40	$ 0.34
Subsequent event
Dividends Payable [Line Items]
Common stock dividends declared (in dollars per share)	$ 0.25

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Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Policies - Prior Period Adjustments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2016
Error Corrections and Prior Period Adjustments Restatement [Line Items]
Interest income - loans	$ 109,993	$ 99,481	$ 217,674	$ 199,413	$ 407,282	$ 363,728
Noninterest income - service charges and other fees	$ 12,047	13,574	$ 25,224	27,410	55,725	52,925
As originally reported
Error Corrections and Prior Period Adjustments Restatement [Line Items]
Interest income - loans		101,136		202,818	414,434	370,444
Noninterest income - service charges and other fees		11,919		24,005	48,573	46,209
Immaterial Classification Error Related To Credit Card Interchange Income | Adjustments
Error Corrections and Prior Period Adjustments Restatement [Line Items]
Interest income - loans		(1,655)		(3,405)	(7,152)	(6,716)
Noninterest income - service charges and other fees		$ 1,655		$ 3,405	$ 7,152	$ 6,716

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New Accounting Pronouncements - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Tax Act - Stranded tax effects	[1]		$ 0
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Tax Act - Stranded tax effects		$ (2,400)	(2,353)	[1]
Retained Earnings
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Tax Act - Stranded tax effects	[1]		$ 2,353
ASU 2018-02 | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Tax Act - Stranded tax effects		(2,400)
ASU 2018-02 | Retained Earnings
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Tax Act - Stranded tax effects		$ 2,400

[1] Reclassification due to adoption of ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. See Note 2, New Accounting Pronouncements and Note 15, Income Taxes, for additional information.

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Securities Available for Sale - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) security	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) security	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($) security
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale	$ 25,000,000	$ 5,000,000	$ 25,206,000	$ 5,042,000
Available-for-sale securities, gross realized gains	0	0	0	0
Available-for-sale securities, gross realized losses	0	0	0	0
Other than temporary impairment losses recognized in earnings	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Securities pledged as collateral	$ 920,600,000		$ 920,600,000		$ 951,400,000
Percentage of investment portfolio in continuous loss position (as a percent)	97.00%		97.00%		68.00%
Number of securities in an unrealized loss position (securities) | security	352		352		249

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Securities Available for Sale - Schedule of Amortized Cost and Fair Value of Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Available-for-sale Securities, Fair Value to Amortized Cost Basis [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	$ 1,337,641	$ 1,376,942
Gross Unrealized Gains	204	1,845
Gross Unrealized Losses	(30,247)	(10,827)
Estimated Fair Value	1,307,598	1,367,960
U.S. Treasury securities
Available-for-sale Securities, Fair Value to Amortized Cost Basis [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	178,563	228,039
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	579
Gross Unrealized Losses	(1,144)	(15)
Estimated Fair Value	177,419	228,603
Mortgage-backed securities | Government National Mortgage Association
Available-for-sale Securities, Fair Value to Amortized Cost Basis [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	452,297	511,457
Gross Unrealized Gains	47	228
Gross Unrealized Losses	(13,971)	(6,635)
Estimated Fair Value	438,373	505,050
Mortgage-backed securities | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
Available-for-sale Securities, Fair Value to Amortized Cost Basis [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	218,838	169,147
Gross Unrealized Gains	3	75
Gross Unrealized Losses	(4,878)	(1,247)
Estimated Fair Value	213,963	167,975
Mortgage-backed securities | Federal National Mortgage Association
Available-for-sale Securities, Fair Value to Amortized Cost Basis [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	179,268	170,247
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	22
Gross Unrealized Losses	(4,591)	(1,287)
Estimated Fair Value	174,677	168,982
Mortgage-backed securities | Small Business Assistance Program
Available-for-sale Securities, Fair Value to Amortized Cost Basis [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	237,156	224,005
Gross Unrealized Gains	144	726
Gross Unrealized Losses	(4,036)	(1,001)
Estimated Fair Value	233,264	223,730
States and political subdivision securities
Available-for-sale Securities, Fair Value to Amortized Cost Basis [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	70,513	73,041
Gross Unrealized Gains	10	187
Gross Unrealized Losses	(1,623)	(642)
Estimated Fair Value	68,900	72,586
Other
Available-for-sale Securities, Fair Value to Amortized Cost Basis [Abstract]
Amortized Cost	1,006	1,006
Gross Unrealized Gains	0	28
Gross Unrealized Losses	(4)	0
Estimated Fair Value	$ 1,002	$ 1,034

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Securities Available for Sale - Schedule of Amortized Cost and Fair Value of Investments by Contractual Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Amortized Cost
Due in one year or less	$ 43,291	$ 91,535
Due after one year through five years	189,787	193,117
Due after five years through ten years	15,876	16,306
Due after ten years	122	122
Amortized Cost	249,076	301,080
Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less	43,204	91,597
Due after one year through five years	187,741	193,373
Due after five years through ten years	15,252	16,097
Due after ten years	122	122
Estimated Fair Value	246,319	301,189
Amortized Cost	1,337,641	1,376,942
Estimated Fair Value	1,307,598	1,367,960
Securities without contractual maturities, Amortized Cost	1,006	1,006
Securities without contractual maturities, Fair Value	1,002	1,034
Mortgage-backed securities
Estimated Fair Value
Amortized Cost	1,087,559	1,074,856
Estimated Fair Value	$ 1,060,277	$ 1,065,737

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Securities Available for Sale - Schedule of Gross Unrealized Losses on Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value [Abstract]
Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	$ 478,378	$ 667,677
12 months or more, Estimated Fair Value	790,818	267,141
Estimated Fair Value	1,269,196	934,818
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss [Abstract]
Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	(5,751)	(5,637)
12 months or more, Unrealized Losses	(24,496)	(5,190)
Unrealized Losses	(30,247)	(10,827)
U.S. Treasury securities
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value [Abstract]
Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	148,360	10,003
12 months or more, Estimated Fair Value	29,059	0
Estimated Fair Value	177,419	10,003
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss [Abstract]
Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	(873)	(15)
12 months or more, Unrealized Losses	(271)	0
Unrealized Losses	(1,144)	(15)
Mortgage-backed securities
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value [Abstract]
Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	314,049	635,969
12 months or more, Estimated Fair Value	712,510	241,368
Estimated Fair Value	1,026,559	877,337
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss [Abstract]
Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	(4,765)	(5,425)
12 months or more, Unrealized Losses	(22,711)	(4,746)
Unrealized Losses	(27,476)	(10,171)
States and political subdivision securities
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value [Abstract]
Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	14,967	21,705
12 months or more, Estimated Fair Value	49,249	25,773
Estimated Fair Value	64,216	47,478
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss [Abstract]
Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	(109)	(197)
12 months or more, Unrealized Losses	(1,514)	(444)
Unrealized Losses	(1,623)	(641)
Other
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value [Abstract]
Less than 12 months, Estimated Fair Value	1,002	0
12 months or more, Estimated Fair Value	0	0
Estimated Fair Value	1,002	0
Available-for-sale Securities, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Accumulated Loss [Abstract]
Less than 12 months, Unrealized Losses	(4)	0
12 months or more, Unrealized Losses	0	0
Unrealized Losses	$ (4)	$ 0

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Loans - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans covered by FDIC loss share agreements	$ 50,727		$ 50,727		$ 57,537
Loan held for sale	2,429		2,429		7,456
Loans and written loan commitments at fair value under the fair value option	920,965		920,965		1,016,576
Unamortized discount on acquired loans	13,100		13,100		11,600
Loans in process	1,500		1,500		(800)
Loans guaranteed by U.S. Government Agencies	8,267,966		8,267,966		7,787,016
Principal balances of residential real estate loans sold	67,600	$ 53,400	117,800	$ 145,100
Loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing interest	900		900		1,900
Valuation adjustments made to repossessed properties	700	500	700	900
Specific reserves included in the allowance for loan losses for TDRs	10,000		10,000		8,800
Troubled debt restructuring, commitments to lend additional funds	700		700		0
Transfers out of troubled debt restructuring status	100	$ 2,100	600	$ 2,100
Loans Guaranteed by US Government Authorities
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans guaranteed by U.S. Government Agencies	$ 170,300		$ 170,300		$ 168,300

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Loans - Schedule of Loans Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total financing receivables, gross	$ 9,376,373	$ 9,008,515
Less: Unamortized discount on acquired loans	(23,501)	(29,121)
Unearned net deferred fees and costs and loans in process	(14,566)	(10,841)
Net loans	9,338,306	8,968,553
Commercial real estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total financing receivables, gross	4,467,778	4,124,805
Agriculture
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total financing receivables, gross	2,177,020	2,122,138
Commercial non-real estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total financing receivables, gross	1,767,587	1,718,914
Residential real estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total financing receivables, gross	866,982	932,892
Consumer
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total financing receivables, gross	55,190	66,559
Other
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total financing receivables, gross	$ 41,816	$ 43,207

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Loans - Schedule of the Company's Nonaccrual Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans, excluding loans covered under FDIC loss-sharing arrangements	$ 127,393	$ 132,225
Commercial real estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans, excluding loans covered under FDIC loss-sharing arrangements	26,343	14,693
Agriculture
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans, excluding loans covered under FDIC loss-sharing arrangements	86,758	99,325
Commercial non-real estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans, excluding loans covered under FDIC loss-sharing arrangements	10,146	13,674
Residential real estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans, excluding loans covered under FDIC loss-sharing arrangements	4,058	4,421
Consumer
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans, excluding loans covered under FDIC loss-sharing arrangements	$ 88	$ 112

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Loans - Schedule of the Composition of the Loan Portfolio by Internal Risk Rating (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	$ 8,381,180	$ 7,905,281
Loans covered by FDIC loss share agreements	50,727	57,537
Total	8,431,907	7,962,818
Pass
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	7,910,057	7,429,041
Watchlist
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	254,686	273,825
Substandard
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	213,437	197,692
Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	3,000	4,723
Loss
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	0	0
Commercial real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	4,013,720	3,638,032
Loans covered by FDIC loss share agreements	0	0
Total	4,013,720	3,638,032
Commercial real estate | Pass
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	3,888,128	3,519,689
Commercial real estate | Watchlist
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	62,695	80,195
Commercial real estate | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	62,784	37,627
Commercial real estate | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	113	521
Commercial real estate | Loss
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	0	0
Agriculture
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	1,959,877	1,865,882
Loans covered by FDIC loss share agreements	0	0
Total	1,959,877	1,865,882
Agriculture | Pass
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	1,683,280	1,577,403
Agriculture | Watchlist
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	152,878	157,407
Agriculture | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	123,714	130,953
Agriculture | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	5	119
Agriculture | Loss
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	0	0
Commercial non-real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	1,499,891	1,426,960
Loans covered by FDIC loss share agreements	0	0
Total	1,499,891	1,426,960
Commercial non-real estate | Pass
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	1,443,731	1,369,803
Commercial non-real estate | Watchlist
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	33,852	31,878
Commercial non-real estate | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	19,552	21,438
Commercial non-real estate | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	2,756	3,841
Commercial non-real estate | Loss
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	0	0
Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	810,991	865,034
Loans covered by FDIC loss share agreements	50,727	57,537
Total	861,718	922,571
Residential real estate | Pass
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	798,778	853,266
Residential real estate | Watchlist
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	4,935	4,158
Residential real estate | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	7,152	7,368
Residential real estate | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	126	242
Residential real estate | Loss
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	0	0
Consumer
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	54,885	66,166
Loans covered by FDIC loss share agreements	0	0
Total	54,885	66,166
Consumer | Pass
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	54,324	65,673
Consumer | Watchlist
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	326	187
Consumer | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	235	306
Consumer | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	0	0
Consumer | Loss
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	0	0
Other
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	41,816	43,207
Loans covered by FDIC loss share agreements	0	0
Total	41,816	43,207
Other | Pass
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	41,816	43,207
Other | Watchlist
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	0	0
Other | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	0	0
Other | Doubtful
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	0	0
Other | Loss
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment [Line Items]
Total financing receivables	$ 0	$ 0

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Loans - Schedule of Past Due Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	$ 8,381,180	$ 7,905,281
Loans covered by FDIC loss sharing agreements	50,727	57,537
Total	8,431,907	7,962,818
Commercial real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	4,013,720	3,638,032
Loans covered by FDIC loss sharing agreements	0	0
Total	4,013,720	3,638,032
Agriculture
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	1,959,877	1,865,882
Loans covered by FDIC loss sharing agreements	0	0
Total	1,959,877	1,865,882
Commercial non-real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	1,499,891	1,426,960
Loans covered by FDIC loss sharing agreements	0	0
Total	1,499,891	1,426,960
Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	810,991	865,034
Loans covered by FDIC loss sharing agreements	50,727	57,537
Total	861,718	922,571
Consumer
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	54,885	66,166
Loans covered by FDIC loss sharing agreements	0	0
Total	54,885	66,166
Other
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	41,816	43,207
Loans covered by FDIC loss sharing agreements	0	0
Total	41,816	43,207
Past Due
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	69,237	69,142
Loans covered by FDIC loss sharing agreements	2,088	1,790
Total	71,325	70,932
Past Due | Commercial real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	25,694	29,916
Past Due | Agriculture
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	29,256	25,478
Past Due | Commercial non-real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	10,078	11,180
Past Due | Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	4,022	2,455
Past Due | Consumer
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	187	113
Past Due | Other
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	0	0
Past Due | 30-59 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	12,068	6,313
Loans covered by FDIC loss sharing agreements	1,283	998
Total	13,351	7,311
Past Due | 30-59 Days Past Due | Commercial real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	3,308	876
Past Due | 30-59 Days Past Due | Agriculture
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	2,387	1,453
Past Due | 30-59 Days Past Due | Commercial non-real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	3,665	2,485
Past Due | 30-59 Days Past Due | Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	2,568	1,428
Past Due | 30-59 Days Past Due | Consumer
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	140	71
Past Due | 30-59 Days Past Due | Other
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	0	0
Past Due | 60-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	1,721	25,932
Loans covered by FDIC loss sharing agreements	217	54
Total	1,938	25,986
Past Due | 60-89 Days Past Due | Commercial real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	67	22,536
Past Due | 60-89 Days Past Due | Agriculture
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	371	3,181
Past Due | 60-89 Days Past Due | Commercial non-real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	1,190	115
Past Due | 60-89 Days Past Due | Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	90	76
Past Due | 60-89 Days Past Due | Consumer
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	3	24
Past Due | 60-89 Days Past Due | Other
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	0	0
Past Due | 90 Days or Greater Past Due
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	55,448	36,897
Loans covered by FDIC loss sharing agreements	588	738
Total	56,036	37,635
Past Due | 90 Days or Greater Past Due | Commercial real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	22,319	6,504
Past Due | 90 Days or Greater Past Due | Agriculture
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	26,498	20,844
Past Due | 90 Days or Greater Past Due | Commercial non-real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	5,223	8,580
Past Due | 90 Days or Greater Past Due | Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	1,364	951
Past Due | 90 Days or Greater Past Due | Consumer
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	44	18
Past Due | 90 Days or Greater Past Due | Other
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	0	0
Current
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	8,311,943	7,836,139
Loans covered by FDIC loss sharing agreements	48,639	55,747
Total	8,360,582	7,891,886
Current | Commercial real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	3,988,026	3,608,116
Current | Agriculture
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	1,930,621	1,840,404
Current | Commercial non-real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	1,489,813	1,415,780
Current | Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	806,969	862,579
Current | Consumer
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	54,698	66,053
Current | Other
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, Past Due [Line Items]
Financing receivables, net of unamortized discount on acquired loans	$ 41,816	$ 43,207

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Loans - Schedule of Impaired Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017
With an allowance recorded:
Recorded Investment	$ 131,997		$ 131,997		$ 123,445
Unpaid Principal Balance	147,978		147,978		148,077
Related Allowance	24,656		24,656		22,535
With no allowance recorded:
Recorded Investment	91,268		91,268		84,478
Unpaid Principal Balance	148,095		148,095		183,341
Total Recorded Investment, Impaired Loans	223,265		223,265		207,923
Total Unpaid Principal Balance, Impaired Loans	296,073		296,073		331,418
Average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans:
Average Recorded Investment	225,805	$ 229,984	219,845	$ 225,464
Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status	2,111	2,367	5,289	5,455
Commercial real estate
With an allowance recorded:
Recorded Investment	48,532		48,532		20,819
Unpaid Principal Balance	49,799		49,799		24,893
Related Allowance	7,248		7,248		3,621
With no allowance recorded:
Recorded Investment	13,335		13,335		16,652
Unpaid Principal Balance	52,866		52,866		69,677
Average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans:
Average Recorded Investment	66,577	44,807	56,875	47,873
Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status	477	545	2,053	1,215
Agriculture
With an allowance recorded:
Recorded Investment	63,293		63,293		79,219
Unpaid Principal Balance	73,823		73,823		88,268
Related Allowance	10,465		10,465		11,468
With no allowance recorded:
Recorded Investment	61,643		61,643		51,256
Unpaid Principal Balance	66,567		66,567		64,177
Average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans:
Average Recorded Investment	121,062	128,919	124,200	119,892
Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status	1,189	1,326	2,171	3,193
Commercial non-real estate
With an allowance recorded:
Recorded Investment	14,747		14,747		17,950
Unpaid Principal Balance	18,140		18,140		28,755
Related Allowance	4,320		4,320		4,779
With no allowance recorded:
Recorded Investment	14,110		14,110		13,983
Unpaid Principal Balance	23,372		23,372		38,924
Average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans:
Average Recorded Investment	30,350	46,304	30,878	47,477
Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status	325	358	776	780
Residential real estate
With an allowance recorded:
Recorded Investment	5,208		5,208		5,177
Unpaid Principal Balance	5,991		5,991		5,874
Related Allowance	2,549		2,549		2,581
With no allowance recorded:
Recorded Investment	2,166		2,166		2,574
Unpaid Principal Balance	5,157		5,157		9,613
Average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans:
Average Recorded Investment	7,578	9,565	7,636	9,831
Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status	116	126	281	240
Consumer
With an allowance recorded:
Recorded Investment	217		217		280
Unpaid Principal Balance	225		225		287
Related Allowance	74		74		86
With no allowance recorded:
Recorded Investment	14		14		13
Unpaid Principal Balance	133		133		$ 950
Average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans:
Average Recorded Investment	238	389	256	391
Interest Income Recognized While on Impaired Status	$ 4	$ 12	$ 8	$ 27

XML

Loans - Summary of Troubled Debt Restructurings on Accruing and Nonaccrual Financing Receivables (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) contract	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($) contract	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) contract	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($) contract	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Accruing
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Recorded value of TDR balance	$ 37,796		$ 37,796		$ 32,490
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	3	4	3	7
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 6,146	$ 8,527	$ 6,146	$ 8,969
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 6,146	$ 8,527	$ 6,146	$ 8,969
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification, pre-modification	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification, post-modification	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification, pre-modification	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification, post-modification	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Nonaccrual
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Recorded value of TDR balance	$ 67,385		$ 67,385		71,334
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	6	9	6	10
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 8,374	$ 13,009	$ 8,374	$ 13,030
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 8,374	$ 13,009	$ 8,374	$ 13,030
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification, pre-modification	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Change in recorded investment due to principal paydown at time of modification, post-modification	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification, pre-modification	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Change in recorded investment due to chargeoffs at time of modification, post-modification	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Commercial real estate | Accruing
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Recorded value of TDR balance	$ 617		$ 617		1,121
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Commercial real estate | Accruing | Rate modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Commercial real estate | Accruing | Term extension
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Commercial real estate | Accruing | Payment modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Commercial real estate | Accruing | Bankruptcy
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Commercial real estate | Accruing | Other
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Commercial real estate | Nonaccrual
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Recorded value of TDR balance	$ 2,632		$ 2,632		5,351
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Commercial real estate | Nonaccrual | Rate modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Commercial real estate | Nonaccrual | Term extension
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Commercial real estate | Nonaccrual | Payment modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Commercial real estate | Nonaccrual | Bankruptcy
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Commercial real estate | Nonaccrual | Other
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Agriculture | Accruing
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Recorded value of TDR balance	$ 29,200		$ 29,200		22,678
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	2	2	2	2
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 6,073	$ 8,434	$ 6,073	$ 8,434
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 6,073	$ 8,434	$ 6,073	$ 8,434
Agriculture | Accruing | Rate modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	1	0	1	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 5,500	$ 0	$ 5,500	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 5,500	$ 0	$ 5,500	$ 0
Agriculture | Accruing | Term extension
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	2	0	2
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 8,434	$ 0	$ 8,434
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 8,434	$ 0	$ 8,434
Agriculture | Accruing | Payment modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	1	0	1	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 573	$ 0	$ 573	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 573	$ 0	$ 573	$ 0
Agriculture | Accruing | Bankruptcy
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Agriculture | Accruing | Other
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Agriculture | Nonaccrual
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Recorded value of TDR balance	$ 60,098		$ 60,098		59,633
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	6	6	6	6
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 8,374	$ 12,988	$ 8,374	$ 12,988
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 8,374	$ 12,988	$ 8,374	$ 12,988
Agriculture | Nonaccrual | Rate modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Agriculture | Nonaccrual | Term extension
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	3	6	3	6
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 6,324	$ 12,988	$ 6,324	$ 12,988
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 6,324	$ 12,988	$ 6,324	$ 12,988
Agriculture | Nonaccrual | Payment modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	3	0	3	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 2,050	$ 0	$ 2,050	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 2,050	$ 0	$ 2,050	$ 0
Agriculture | Nonaccrual | Bankruptcy
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Agriculture | Nonaccrual | Other
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Commercial non-real estate | Accruing
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Recorded value of TDR balance	$ 7,647		$ 7,647		8,369
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	2	0	4
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 93	$ 0	$ 526
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 93	$ 0	$ 526
Commercial non-real estate | Accruing | Rate modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Commercial non-real estate | Accruing | Term extension
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Commercial non-real estate | Accruing | Payment modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	2	0	4
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 93	$ 0	$ 526
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 93	$ 0	$ 526
Commercial non-real estate | Accruing | Bankruptcy
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Commercial non-real estate | Accruing | Other
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Commercial non-real estate | Nonaccrual
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Recorded value of TDR balance	$ 3,916		$ 3,916		5,641
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Commercial non-real estate | Nonaccrual | Rate modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Commercial non-real estate | Nonaccrual | Term extension
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Commercial non-real estate | Nonaccrual | Payment modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Commercial non-real estate | Nonaccrual | Bankruptcy
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Commercial non-real estate | Nonaccrual | Other
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Residential real estate | Accruing
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Recorded value of TDR balance	$ 249		$ 249		311
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	1
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 9
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 9
Residential real estate | Accruing | Rate modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Residential real estate | Accruing | Term extension
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Residential real estate | Accruing | Payment modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	1
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 9
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 9
Residential real estate | Accruing | Bankruptcy
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Residential real estate | Accruing | Other
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Residential real estate | Nonaccrual
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Recorded value of TDR balance	$ 739		$ 739		688
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	1
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 21
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 21
Residential real estate | Nonaccrual | Rate modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Residential real estate | Nonaccrual | Term extension
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Residential real estate | Nonaccrual | Payment modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	1
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 21
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 21
Residential real estate | Nonaccrual | Bankruptcy
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Residential real estate | Nonaccrual | Other
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Consumer | Accruing
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Recorded value of TDR balance	$ 83		$ 83		11
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	1	0	1	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 73	$ 0	$ 73	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 73	$ 0	$ 73	$ 0
Consumer | Accruing | Rate modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	1	0	1	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 73	$ 0	$ 73	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 73	$ 0	$ 73	$ 0
Consumer | Accruing | Term extension
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Consumer | Accruing | Payment modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Consumer | Accruing | Bankruptcy
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Consumer | Accruing | Other
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Consumer | Nonaccrual
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Recorded value of TDR balance	$ 0		$ 0		$ 21
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	3	0	3
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 21	$ 0	$ 21
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 21	$ 0	$ 21
Consumer | Nonaccrual | Rate modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Consumer | Nonaccrual | Term extension
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	3	0	3
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 21	$ 0	$ 21
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 21	$ 0	$ 21
Consumer | Nonaccrual | Payment modification
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Consumer | Nonaccrual | Bankruptcy
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Consumer | Nonaccrual | Other
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Financing receivable, modifications, number of contracts | contract	0	0	0	0
Financing receivable, modifications, pre-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing receivable, modifications, post-modification recorded investment	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Loans - Subsequent Defaults on Modified Loans (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) contract	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($) contract	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) contract	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($) contract
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Number of Loans | contract	3	1	5	2
Recorded Investment | $	$ 4,264	$ 0	$ 6,023	$ 34
Commercial real estate
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Number of Loans | contract	0	0	1	1
Recorded Investment | $	$ 0	$ 0	$ 1,012	$ 34
Agriculture
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Number of Loans | contract	3	0	4	0
Recorded Investment | $	$ 4,264	$ 0	$ 5,011	$ 0
Commercial non-real estate
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Number of Loans | contract	0	1	0	1
Recorded Investment | $	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Number of Loans | contract	0	0	0	0
Recorded Investment | $	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Consumer
Financing Receivable, Modifications [Line Items]
Number of Loans | contract	0	0	0	0
Recorded Investment | $	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses - Summary of Allowance for Loan Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for loan losses, beginning balance	$ 64,023	$ 66,767	$ 63,503	$ 64,642
Charge-offs	(4,295)	(9,079)	(8,904)	(14,631)
Recoveries	511	988	1,083	1,616
Provision	4,996	5,060	9,600	12,010
Allowance for loan losses, ending balance	65,139	62,685	65,139	62,685
Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for loan losses, beginning balance			993
Recoveries	100	1,100	100	1,000
Impairment (improvement) of ASC 310-30 loans	(96)	(1,051)	(143)	(952)
Allowance for loan losses, ending balance	834		834
Commercial real estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for loan losses, beginning balance	15,995	16,623	16,941	17,946
Charge-offs	(1,268)	(1,824)	(1,597)	(1,824)
Recoveries	61	286	209	385
Provision	4,077	2,096	3,322	549
Allowance for loan losses, ending balance	18,914	16,996	18,914	16,996
Commercial real estate | Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for loan losses, beginning balance			682
Impairment (improvement) of ASC 310-30 loans	49	(185)	39	(60)
Allowance for loan losses, ending balance	716		716
Agriculture
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for loan losses, beginning balance	24,750	28,519	25,757	25,115
Charge-offs	(783)	(4,554)	(2,981)	(7,420)
Recoveries	125	118	172	144
Provision	152	2,237	1,296	8,481
Allowance for loan losses, ending balance	24,129	26,320	24,129	26,320
Agriculture | Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for loan losses, beginning balance			115
Impairment (improvement) of ASC 310-30 loans	(115)	0	(115)	0
Allowance for loan losses, ending balance	0		0
Commercial non-real estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for loan losses, beginning balance	16,434	13,443	14,114	12,990
Charge-offs	(1,605)	(1,734)	(2,844)	(3,693)
Recoveries	88	121	209	219
Provision	813	119	4,251	2,433
Allowance for loan losses, ending balance	15,730	11,949	15,730	11,949
Commercial non-real estate | Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for loan losses, beginning balance			0
Impairment (improvement) of ASC 310-30 loans	0	0	0	0
Allowance for loan losses, ending balance	0		0
Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for loan losses, beginning balance	5,475	6,786	5,347	7,106
Charge-offs	(20)	(117)	(275)	(267)
Recoveries	27	56	117	262
Provision	(341)	210	(11)	(140)
Allowance for loan losses, ending balance	5,111	6,069	5,111	6,069
Residential real estate | Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for loan losses, beginning balance			196
Impairment (improvement) of ASC 310-30 loans	(30)	(866)	(67)	(892)
Allowance for loan losses, ending balance	118		118
Consumer
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for loan losses, beginning balance	307	340	329	438
Charge-offs	(62)	(31)	(116)	(110)
Recoveries	20	15	42	30
Provision	14	47	24	13
Allowance for loan losses, ending balance	279	371	279	371
Consumer | Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for loan losses, beginning balance			0
Impairment (improvement) of ASC 310-30 loans	0	0	0	0
Allowance for loan losses, ending balance	0		0
Other
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for loan losses, beginning balance	1,062	1,056	1,015	1,047
Charge-offs	(557)	(819)	(1,091)	(1,317)
Recoveries	190	392	334	576
Provision	281	351	718	674
Allowance for loan losses, ending balance	976	980	976	980
Other | Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Roll Forward]
Allowance for loan losses, beginning balance			0
Impairment (improvement) of ASC 310-30 loans	0	$ 0	0	$ 0
Allowance for loan losses, ending balance	$ 0		$ 0

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Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans and written loan commitments at fair value under the fair value option	$ 920,965		$ 920,965			$ 1,016,576
Loan held for sale	2,429		2,429			7,456
Loans guaranteed by U.S. Government Agencies	8,267,966		8,267,966			7,787,016
Allowance for loan leases	65,139	$ 62,685	65,139	$ 62,685	$ 64,023	63,503	$ 66,767	$ 64,642
Net reversal of provision	511	988	1,083	1,616
Unfunded loan commitment
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Reserve for unfunded loan commitments	500		500			500
(Impairment) improvement of ASC 310-30 loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans guaranteed by U.S. Government Agencies	80,950		80,950			92,595
Allowance for loan leases	834		834			993
Net reversal of provision	100	$ 1,100	100	$ 1,000
Loans Guaranteed by US Government Authorities
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans guaranteed by U.S. Government Agencies	170,300		170,300			168,300
Loans Guaranteed by US Government Authorities | Loans and Leases with Allowance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans guaranteed by U.S. Government Agencies	$ 161,500		$ 161,500			$ 168,300

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Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses - Summary of Allowance for Loan Losses by Type (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Individually evaluated for impairment	$ 24,656		$ 22,535
Collectively evaluated for impairment	39,649		39,975
Total allowance	65,139	$ 64,023	63,503	$ 62,685	$ 66,767	$ 64,642
Financing Receivables
Individually evaluated for impairment	223,265		207,923
Collectively evaluated for impairment	7,963,751		7,486,498
Loans Outstanding	8,267,966		7,787,016
Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Total allowance	834		993
Financing Receivables
Loans Outstanding	80,950		92,595
Commercial real estate
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Individually evaluated for impairment	7,248		3,621
Collectively evaluated for impairment	10,950		12,638
Total allowance	18,914	15,995	16,941	16,996	16,623	17,946
Financing Receivables
Individually evaluated for impairment	61,867		37,471
Collectively evaluated for impairment	3,846,737		3,487,232
Loans Outstanding	3,937,098		3,554,802
Commercial real estate | Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Total allowance	716		682
Financing Receivables
Loans Outstanding	28,494		30,099
Agriculture
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Individually evaluated for impairment	10,465		11,468
Collectively evaluated for impairment	13,664		14,174
Total allowance	24,129	24,750	25,757	26,320	28,519	25,115
Financing Receivables
Individually evaluated for impairment	124,936		130,475
Collectively evaluated for impairment	1,808,883		1,702,634
Loans Outstanding	1,936,565		1,840,283
Agriculture | Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Total allowance	0		115
Financing Receivables
Loans Outstanding	2,746		7,174
Commercial non-real estate
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Individually evaluated for impairment	4,320		4,779
Collectively evaluated for impairment	11,410		9,335
Total allowance	15,730	16,434	14,114	11,949	13,443	12,990
Financing Receivables
Individually evaluated for impairment	28,857		31,933
Collectively evaluated for impairment	1,407,897		1,333,888
Loans Outstanding	1,438,985		1,367,741
Commercial non-real estate | Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Total allowance	0		0
Financing Receivables
Loans Outstanding	2,231		1,920
Residential real estate
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Individually evaluated for impairment	2,549		2,581
Collectively evaluated for impairment	2,444		2,570
Total allowance	5,111	5,475	5,347	6,069	6,786	7,106
Financing Receivables
Individually evaluated for impairment	7,374		7,751
Collectively evaluated for impairment	804,298		854,330
Loans Outstanding	858,617		914,817
Residential real estate | Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Total allowance	118		196
Financing Receivables
Loans Outstanding	46,945		52,736
Consumer
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Individually evaluated for impairment	74		86
Collectively evaluated for impairment	205		243
Total allowance	279	307	329	371	340	438
Financing Receivables
Individually evaluated for impairment	231		293
Collectively evaluated for impairment	54,120		65,207
Loans Outstanding	54,885		66,166
Consumer | Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Total allowance	0		0
Financing Receivables
Loans Outstanding	534		666
Other
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Individually evaluated for impairment	0		0
Collectively evaluated for impairment	976		1,015
Total allowance	976	$ 1,062	1,015	$ 980	$ 1,056	$ 1,047
Financing Receivables
Individually evaluated for impairment	0		0
Collectively evaluated for impairment	41,816		43,207
Loans Outstanding	41,816		43,207
Other | Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30
Allowance for loan and lease losses
Total allowance	0		0
Financing Receivables
Loans Outstanding	$ 0		$ 0

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Accounting for Certain Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality - Schedule of Troubled Debt Restructurings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Certain Loans Acquired in Transfer Accounted for as Debt Securities, Accretable Yield Movement Schedule [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 41,918	$ 39,758	$ 44,131	$ 38,124
Accretion	(3,664)	(3,040)	(7,045)	(5,978)
Reclassification from nonaccretable difference	(413)	1,987	755	6,559
Balance at end of period	$ 37,841	$ 38,705	$ 37,841	$ 38,705

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Accounting for Certain Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality - Schedule of Impaired Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Outstanding Balance	$ 177,297	$ 193,864
Recorded Investment	80,950	92,595
Carrying Value	80,116	91,602
Commercial real estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Outstanding Balance	105,489	110,797
Recorded Investment	28,494	30,099
Carrying Value	27,778	29,417
Agriculture
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Outstanding Balance	5,813	10,463
Recorded Investment	2,746	7,174
Carrying Value	2,746	7,059
Commercial non-real estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Outstanding Balance	10,001	9,825
Recorded Investment	2,231	1,920
Carrying Value	2,231	1,920
Residential real estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Outstanding Balance	55,326	61,981
Recorded Investment	46,945	52,736
Carrying Value	46,827	52,540
Consumer
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Outstanding Balance	668	798
Recorded Investment	534	666
Carrying Value	$ 534	$ 666

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FDIC Indemnification Asset - Summary of FDIC Indemnification Asset Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
FDIC Indemnification Asset [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 4,692	$ 9,887	$ 5,704	$ 10,777
Amortization	(671)	(1,114)	(1,689)	(1,981)
Changes in expected reimbursements from FDIC for changes in expected credit losses	(76)	(133)	(94)	(105)
Changes in reimbursable expenses	(456)	(299)	(662)	(538)
Reimbursements of covered losses to the FDIC	189	30	419	218
Balance at end of period	$ 3,678	$ 8,371	$ 3,678	$ 8,371

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Derivative Financial Instruments - Schedule of Derivative Positions, Notional Amounts and Estimated Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Derivative [Line Items]
Gross Asset Fair Value	$ 18,790	$ 1,850
Gross Liability Fair Value	(8,058)	(19,005)
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	1,212,603	1,142,939
Gross Asset Fair Value	18,790	5,630
Gross Liability Fair Value	(8,058)	(22,785)
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | Interest rate swaps | Financial institution counterparties
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	1,039,100	1,025,474
Gross Asset Fair Value	17,185	4,967
Gross Liability Fair Value	(6,943)	(22,737)
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | Interest rate swaps | Customer counterparties
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	118,606	36,072
Gross Asset Fair Value	1,602	615
Gross Liability Fair Value	(1,112)	0
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | Mortgage loan commitments
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	27,499	37,765
Gross Asset Fair Value	3	0
Gross Liability Fair Value	0	(48)
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments | Mortgage loan forward sale contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional Amount	27,398	43,628
Gross Asset Fair Value	0	48
Gross Liability Fair Value	$ (3)	$ 0

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Derivative Financial Instruments - Summary of Offsetting Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Derivative assets, gross amount	$ 18,790	$ 1,850
Derivative assets, fair value offset amount	(6,943)	(1,850)
Derivative assets, cash collateral	(9,015)	0
Derivative financial assets, net amount presented in Consolidated Balance Sheets	2,832	0
Derivative liabilities, gross amount	(8,058)	(19,005)
Derivative liabilities, fair value offset amount	6,943	1,850
Derivative liabilities, cash collateral	(3)	0
Derivative financial liabilities, net amount presented in Consolidated Balance Sheets	(1,118)	(17,155)
Security collateral	$ 5,000	25,000
Collateral held for initial margin		$ 2,300

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Derivative Financial Instruments - Effect on the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Details) - Noninterest income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Interest rate swaps
Derivative [Line Items]
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Statements of Income	$ 14,282	$ 1,592	$ 21,509	$ 60,568
Mortgage loan commitments
Derivative [Line Items]
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Statements of Income	2	158	3	53
Mortgage loan forward sale contracts
Derivative [Line Items]
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Statements of Income	$ (2)	$ (158)	$ (3)	$ (53)

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The Fair Value Option for Certain Loans - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Eligible item for the fair value option	$ (21.0)		$ (21.0)		$ 8.8
Loans greater than 90 days past due or in nonaccrual status	13.3		13.3		14.7
Unpaid principal balance greater than 90 days past due or in nonaccrual status	14.8		14.8		17.0
Long-term loans
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance of long-term loans	942.0		942.0		$ 1,010.0
Eligible item for the fair value option	$ 1.4	$ 0.3	$ 0.3	$ 0.3

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The Fair Value Option for Certain Loans - Summary of the Fair Value Option (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Change in fair value of loans	$ (14,838)	$ (5,216)	$ (23,502)	$ (69,218)
Long-term loans
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Change in fair value of loans	(14,838)	(5,216)	(23,502)	(69,218)
Long-term loans | Noninterest Income
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Change in fair value of loans	$ (14,838)	$ (5,216)	$ (23,502)	$ (69,218)

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Core Deposits and Other Intangibles - Intangible Assets Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	$ 16,341	$ 16,341
Accumulated amortization	(7,819)	(6,967)
Total	8,522	9,374
Core Deposit Intangible
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	7,339	7,339
Accumulated amortization	(2,116)	(1,579)
Total	5,223	5,760
Brand Intangible
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	8,464	8,464
Accumulated amortization	(5,546)	(5,264)
Total	2,918	3,200
Other Intangible
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	538	538
Accumulated amortization	(157)	(124)
Total	$ 381	$ 414

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Core Deposits and Other Intangibles - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization of core deposits and other intangibles	$ 0.4	$ 0.6	$ 0.9	$ 1.4

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Core Deposits and Other Intangibles - Schedule of Future Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Remaining in 2018	$ 810
2019	1,538
2020	1,430
2021	1,334
2022	1,249
2023 and thereafter	2,161
Total	$ 8,522	$ 9,374

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Loan Servicing Rights - Schedule of Loan Servicing Rights Activity and Valuation Allowance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Loan servicing rights
Beginning of period	$ 3,842	$ 5,286	$ 4,155	$ 5,794
Additions	0	0	0	0
Amortization	(246)	(380)	(559)	(888)
End of period	3,596	4,906	3,596	4,906
Valuation Allowance for Impairment of Recognized Servicing Assets [Roll Forward]
Beginning of period	(43)	(8)	(81)	(13)
(Additions) / reductions	33	5	71	10
End of period	(10)	(3)	(10)	(3)
Loan servicing rights, net	3,586	4,903	3,586	4,903
Servicing fees received	435	525	872	1,073
Balance of loans serviced at:
Beginning of period	692,593	823,375	722,461	868,865
End of period	$ 669,767	$ 792,779	$ 669,767	$ 792,779

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Loan Servicing Rights - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2016
Transfers and Servicing [Abstract]
Constant prepayment rates (as a percent)	10.40%
Discount rate (as a percent)	11.90%
Loan servicing rights, valuation allowance	$ 10	$ 43	$ 81	$ 3	$ 8	$ 13

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Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Abstract]
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	$ 131.2	$ 139.3
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase, fair value of collateral	$ 126.7	$ 137.4
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase, collateral, percentage of borrowed funds (as a percent)	102.00%

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Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase - Maturity Schedule of Agreements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Total repurchase agreements	$ 103,291	$ 132,636
Municipal securities
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Total repurchase agreements	3,024	3,626
Mortgage-backed securities
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Total repurchase agreements	100,267	129,010
Overnight and Continuous
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Total repurchase agreements	103,291	132,636
Overnight and Continuous | Municipal securities
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Total repurchase agreements	3,024	3,626
Overnight and Continuous | Mortgage-backed securities
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Total repurchase agreements	100,267	129,010
Up to 30 Days
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Total repurchase agreements	0	0
Up to 30 Days | Municipal securities
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Total repurchase agreements	0	0
Up to 30 Days | Mortgage-backed securities
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Total repurchase agreements	0	0
30-90 Days
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Total repurchase agreements	0	0
30-90 Days | Municipal securities
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Total repurchase agreements	0	0
30-90 Days | Mortgage-backed securities
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Total repurchase agreements	0	0
Greater than 90 Days
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Total repurchase agreements	0	0
Greater than 90 Days | Municipal securities
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Total repurchase agreements	0	0
Greater than 90 Days | Mortgage-backed securities
Assets Sold under Agreements to Repurchase [Line Items]
Total repurchase agreements	$ 0	$ 0

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FHLB Advances and Other Borrowings - Schedule of Advances, Related Party Notes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 551,000	$ 643,200
Fair value adjustment	3	14
Total FHLB advances and other borrowings	551,003	643,214
Notes payable to banks
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) notes payable and fed funds advance	$ 126,000	56,000
Notes payable to banks | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	1.05%
Notes payable to banks | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	3.66%
Notes payable to banks
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) notes payable and fed funds advance	$ 350,000	512,200
Notes payable to banks | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	1.76%
Notes payable to banks | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	1.80%
Federal Home Loan Bank fed funds advance
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate (as a percent)	1.91%
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) notes payable and fed funds advance	$ 75,000	$ 75,000

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FHLB Advances and Other Borrowings - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Current borrowing capacity	$ 1,470,000,000	$ 1,550,000,000
Loans pledged to the Federal Home Loan Bank	3,750,000,000	3,710,000,000
Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity	$ 10,000,000
Unused capacity fee (as a percent)	0.15%
Interest rate at end of period (as a percent)	3.88%
Outstanding advances	$ 0	0
Revolving Credit Facility | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	2.00%
Revolving Credit Facility | FRB Discount Window Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity	$ 1,690,000,000	1,890,000,000
Loans pledged to the Federal Reserve Board Discount Window	2,000,000,000	$ 2,550,000,000
Federal Home Loan Bank | Letter of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity	$ 150,000,000

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FHLB Advances and Other Borrowings - Schedule of Due or Callable Notes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 108,385	$ 108,302
FHLB Advances and Related Party Notes Payable
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Remaining in 2018	381,000
2019	75,000
2020	70,000
2021	0
2022	0
2023 and thereafter	25,000
Total	$ 551,000

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Subordinated Debentures and Subordinated Notes Payable - Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) trust $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum interest payment deferral period	5 years
Total subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable	$ 108,385	$ 108,302
Junior Subordinated Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable	73,557	73,511
Common shares held in other assets	$ 2,520	$ 2,520
Trust Preferred Securities Subject to Mandatory Redemption
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of trusts | trust	7
Number of shares caused to be issued (in shares) | shares	73,400
Par value per shares issued (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1,000
Trust Preferred Securities Subject to Mandatory Redemption | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	1.48%
Trust Preferred Securities Subject to Mandatory Redemption | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	3.35%

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Subordinated Debentures and Subordinated Notes Payable - Subordinated Notes Payable (Details) - Subordinated Debt - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount of debt issued	$ 35,000,000
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	4.875%
Redemption price, percentage of principal (as a percent)	100.00%
Unamortized debt issuance costs		$ 172,000	$ 209,000
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	3.15%

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Subordinated Debentures and Subordinated Notes Payable - Summary of Subordinated Debentures and Notes Payable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2015
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total	$ 108,385	$ 108,302
Junior Subordinated Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total subordinated debentures payable, amount outstanding	75,920	75,920
Total junior subordinated debentures payable, common shares held in other assets	2,520	2,520
Less: fair value adjustment	(2,363)	(2,409)
Total	73,557	73,511
Junior Subordinated Debt | GW Statutory Trust IV, variable rate of 2.85%, plus 3 month LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total subordinated debentures payable, amount outstanding	23,093	23,093
Total junior subordinated debentures payable, common shares held in other assets	$ 693	693
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	2.85%
Junior Subordinated Debt | GW Statutory Trust VI, variable rate of 1.48%, plus 3 month LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total subordinated debentures payable, amount outstanding	$ 30,928	30,928
Total junior subordinated debentures payable, common shares held in other assets	$ 928	928
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	1.48%
Junior Subordinated Debt | SSB Trust II, variable rate of 1.85%, plus 3 month LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total subordinated debentures payable, amount outstanding	$ 2,062	2,062
Total junior subordinated debentures payable, common shares held in other assets	$ 62	62
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	1.85%
Junior Subordinated Debt | HF Capital Trust III, variable rate of 3.35%, plus 3 month LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total subordinated debentures payable, amount outstanding	$ 5,155	5,155
Total junior subordinated debentures payable, common shares held in other assets	$ 155	155
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	3.35%
Junior Subordinated Debt | HF Capital Trust IV, variable rate of 3.10%, plus 3 month LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total subordinated debentures payable, amount outstanding	$ 7,217	7,217
Total junior subordinated debentures payable, common shares held in other assets	$ 217	217
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	3.10%
Junior Subordinated Debt | HF Capital Trust V, variable rate of 1.83%, plus 3 month LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total subordinated debentures payable, amount outstanding	$ 5,310	5,310
Total junior subordinated debentures payable, common shares held in other assets	$ 310	310
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	1.83%
Junior Subordinated Debt | HF Capital Trust VI, variable rate of 1.65%, plus 3 month LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total subordinated debentures payable, amount outstanding	$ 2,155	2,155
Total junior subordinated debentures payable, common shares held in other assets	$ 155	155
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	1.65%
Subordinated Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	$ (172)	(209)
Total	34,828	34,791
Stated interest rate (as a percent)			4.875%
Subordinated Debt | Fixed to floating rate, 4.875% per annum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total subordinated debentures payable, amount outstanding	$ 35,000	$ 35,000
Stated interest rate (as a percent)	4.875%

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Income Taxes - (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018		Mar. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Federal tax rate		24.50%		35.00%	24.50%		35.00%
Provision for income taxes		$ 4,800			$ 9,800
Increase in provision for income taxes			$ 13,600
Tax Act - Stranded tax effects	[1]				$ 0
Great Western Bank
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Effective income tax percentage		26.60%		34.10%	38.30%		32.20%
Effective income tax percentage, excluding nonrecurring deferred tax adjustment related to federal tax reform		26.60%			26.30%
Forecast
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Federal tax rate								24.50%
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Income taxes receivable		$ 1,300			$ 1,300				$ 4,600
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Tax Act - Stranded tax effects		(2,400)			(2,353)	[1]
Retained Earnings
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Tax Act - Stranded tax effects	[1]				$ 2,353
ASU 2018-02 | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Tax Act - Stranded tax effects		(2,400)
ASU 2018-02 | Retained Earnings
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Tax Act - Stranded tax effects		$ 2,400

[1] Reclassification due to adoption of ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. See Note 2, New Accounting Pronouncements and Note 15, Income Taxes, for additional information.

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Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Currently paid or payable
Federal	$ 11,791	$ 16,789	$ 20,752	$ 29,942
State	2,939	2,337	5,394	4,701
Current income tax expense (benefit)	14,730	19,126	26,146	34,643
Deferred tax expense
Federal	74	(1,044)	16,838	(566)
State	(85)	128	377	194
Total	(11)	(916)	17,215	(372)
Income tax expense	$ 14,719	$ 18,210	$ 43,361	$ 34,271

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Income Taxes - Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax expense computed at the statutory rate	$ 13,552	$ 18,679	$ 27,748	$ 37,217
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	2,154	1,602	4,356	3,182
Tax exempt interest income	(1,415)	(1,996)	(2,786)	(4,034)
Impact of enacted federal income tax rate reduction	0	0	13,586	0
Other	428	(75)	457	(2,094)
Income tax expense	$ 14,719	$ 18,210	$ 43,361	$ 34,271

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Income Taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for loan losses	$ 16,311	$ 23,730
Compensation	3,246	6,227
Securities available for sale	7,406	3,413
Other real estate owned	505	763
Core deposit intangible and other fair value adjustments	4,235	6,058
Excess tax basis of FDIC indemnification asset and clawback liability	3,574	4,563
Excess tax basis of loans acquired over carrying value	5,959	9,417
Other reserves	2,810	4,406
Other	4,988	6,922
Total deferred tax assets	49,034	65,499
Deferred tax liabilities:
Goodwill and other intangibles	(11,518)	(13,784)
Premises and equipment	(5,590)	(8,828)
Other	(297)	(487)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(17,405)	(23,099)
Net deferred tax assets	$ 31,629	$ 42,400

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Employee Benefit Plans - Profit Sharing Plan (Details) - Multiple employer 401(k) profit sharing plan $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($) year	Mar. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution plan, requisite service period			1 year
Defined contribution plan, minimum age requirement | year			21
Contributions by the Company | $	$ 1.2	$ 1.3	$ 3.0	$ 2.9

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Employee Benefit Plans - Defined Benefit Plan (Details) - Pension Plan $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Total pension plan assets	$ 2.9
Pension liability	2.4
Accumulated benefit obligation	$ 5.4

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Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based payment award, award vesting period			3 years
Share-based compensation expense	$ 1.4	$ 2.0	$ 2.9	$ 3.6
Tax benefit from compensation expense	0.4	$ 0.7	1.0	$ 1.4
Share-based compensation, compensation cost not yet recognized	$ 7.8		$ 7.8
Share-based compensation, compensation cost not yet recognized, recognition period			2 years 8 months 1 day
Restricted shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Fair value of vested stock awards			$ 1.8

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Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Restricted Share and Performance-Based Stock Award Activity (Details) - $ / shares	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Restricted shares
Common Shares
Shares, beginning of fiscal year (in shares)	180,337	160,335
Granted (in shares)	89,003	90,363
Vested (in shares)	(81,999)	(68,293)
Forfeited (in shares)	(1,959)	(2,068)
Canceled (in shares)	0	0
Shares, end of period (in shares)	185,382	180,337
Vested, but not issuable at end of period (in shares)	39,514	29,287
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Shares, beginning of fiscal year (in dollars per share)	$ 33.06	$ 26.89
Granted (in dollars per share)	41.07	39.35
Vested (in dollars per share)	32.12	26.97
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	40.30	30.91
Canceled (in dollars per share)	0.00	0.00
Shares, end of period (in dollars per share)	37.25	33.06
Vested, but not issuable at end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 32.90	$ 30.05
Performance shares
Common Shares
Shares, beginning of fiscal year (in shares)	133,604	236,185
Granted (in shares)	56,149	137,612
Vested (in shares)	0	(235,055)
Forfeited (in shares)	(2,178)	(5,138)
Canceled (in shares)	0	0
Shares, end of period (in shares)	187,575	133,604
Vested, but not issuable at end of period (in shares)	5,612	5,612
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Shares, beginning of fiscal year (in dollars per share)	$ 33.39	$ 20.28
Granted (in dollars per share)	28.92	39.43
Vested (in dollars per share)	0.00	18.00
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	39.71	19.80
Canceled (in dollars per share)	0.00	0.00
Shares, end of period (in dollars per share)	35.63	33.39
Vested, but not issuable at end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 18.00	$ 18.00

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Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Fair Value Measurements of Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	$ 1,307,598	$ 1,367,960
Fair value loans	920,965	1,016,576
U.S. Treasury securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	177,419	228,603
Mortgage-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	1,060,277	1,065,737
States and political subdivision securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	68,900	72,586
Fair value, measurements, recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	1,307,598	1,367,960
Derivatives-assets	2,832	0
Derivatives-liabilities	1,118	17,155
Fair value loans	920,965	1,016,576
Fair value, measurements, recurring | U.S. Treasury securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	177,419	228,603
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Mortgage-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	1,060,277	1,065,737
Fair value, measurements, recurring | States and political subdivision securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	68,900	72,586
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Other
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	1,002	1,034
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	177,419	228,603
Derivatives-assets	0	0
Derivatives-liabilities	0	0
Fair value loans	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | U.S. Treasury securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	177,419	228,603
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | Mortgage-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | States and political subdivision securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 1 | Other
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	1,129,214	1,138,288
Derivatives-assets	2,832	0
Derivatives-liabilities	1,118	17,155
Fair value loans	920,965	1,016,576
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | U.S. Treasury securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | Mortgage-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	1,060,277	1,065,737
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | States and political subdivision securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	67,935	71,517
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 2 | Other
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	1,002	1,034
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	965	1,069
Derivatives-assets	0	0
Derivatives-liabilities	0	0
Fair value loans	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | U.S. Treasury securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | Mortgage-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	0	0
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | States and political subdivision securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	965	1,069
Fair value, measurements, recurring | Level 3 | Other
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total securities available for sale	$ 0	$ 0

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Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Changes in Level 3 Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 965	$ 1,224	$ 1,069	$ 1,315
Principal paydown	0	0	(104)	(91)
Balance, end of period	$ 965	$ 1,224	$ 965	$ 1,224

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Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Mortgage Loans Held-For-Sale, Fair Value Measurement (Details) - Fair value, measurements, nonrecurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other repossessed property	$ 7,679	$ 7,728
Impaired loans	198,609	185,388
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value	2,429	7,456
Loan servicing rights	3,586	4,074
Property held for sale	1,109	5,147
Level 1
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other repossessed property	0	0
Impaired loans	0	0
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value	0	0
Loan servicing rights	0	0
Property held for sale	0	0
Level 2
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other repossessed property	0	0
Impaired loans	0	0
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value	2,429	7,456
Loan servicing rights	0	0
Property held for sale	0	0
Level 3
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Other repossessed property	7,679	7,728
Impaired loans	198,609	185,388
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value	0	0
Loan servicing rights	3,586	4,074
Property held for sale	$ 1,109	$ 5,147

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Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Valuation Techniques and Significant Unobservable Inputs Used to Measure Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Property held for sale	$ 1,109	$ 5,147
Fair value, measurements, nonrecurring
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Other real estate owned	7,679	7,728
Impaired loans	198,609	185,388
Loan servicing rights	3,586	4,074
Fair value, measurements, nonrecurring | Level 3
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Other real estate owned	7,679	7,728
Impaired loans	198,609	185,388
Loan servicing rights	3,586	$ 4,074
Property held for sale	$ 1,109
Fair value, measurements, nonrecurring | Level 3 | Loan servicing rights | Discounted cash flows | Minimum
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Constant prepayment rate (as a percent)	7.90%
Discount rate (as a percent)	10.00%
Fair value, measurements, nonrecurring | Level 3 | Loan servicing rights | Discounted cash flows | Maximum
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Constant prepayment rate (as a percent)	20.50%
Discount rate (as a percent)	15.00%
Fair value, measurements, nonrecurring | Level 3 | Loan servicing rights | Discounted cash flows | Weighted Average
Fair Value Inputs, Assets, Quantitative Information [Line Items]
Constant prepayment rate (as a percent)	10.40%
Discount rate (as a percent)	11.80%

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Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Derivative, remaining maturity (or less)	180 days

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Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Fair Values for Balance Sheet Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Level 1 | Carrying Amount
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 371,749	$ 360,396
Level 1 | Fair Value
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	371,749	360,396
Level 3 | Carrying Amount
Assets
Loans, net excluding fair valued loans and loans held for sale	8,349,772	7,881,018
Level 3 | Fair Value
Assets
Loans, net excluding fair valued loans and loans held for sale	8,238,751	7,798,134
Level 2 | Carrying Amount
Assets
Accrued interest receivable	49,353	53,176
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	30,032	29,619
FHLB stock	33,720	37,551
Liabilities
Deposits	9,386,967	8,977,613
FHLB advances and other borrowings	551,003	643,214
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	103,291	132,636
Accrued interest payable	6,165	4,405
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable	108,385	108,302
Level 2 | Fair Value
Assets
Accrued interest receivable	49,353	53,176
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies	30,032	29,619
FHLB stock	33,720	37,551
Liabilities
Deposits	9,384,577	8,978,926
FHLB advances and other borrowings	477,292	645,421
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	103,291	132,636
Accrued interest payable	6,165	4,405
Subordinated debentures and subordinated notes payable	$ 107,826	$ 108,293

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Earnings per Share - Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income	$ 40,532	$ 35,162	$ 69,762	$ 72,065
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	58,941,315	58,788,802	58,921,972	58,769,662
Dilutive effect of stock based compensation (in shares)	204,802	284,867	194,951	263,125
Weighted average common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share calculation (in shares)	59,146,117	59,073,669	59,116,923	59,032,787
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.69	$ 0.60	$ 1.18	$ 1.23
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.69	$ 0.60	$ 1.18	$ 1.22

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Earnings per Share - Narrative (Details) - shares	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Mar. 31, 2017
Performance shares
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	0	50,076
Stock awards
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	0	53,126