20-F 1 a14-11076_120f.htm 20-F

Table of Contents

 

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 30, 2014.

 

Commission File No.      

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


 

Form 20-F

 


 

o

REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

 

Or

 

 

x

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013

 

 

Or

 

 

o

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

 

Or

 

 

o

SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

MARINE HARVEST ASA

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 


 

Norway
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or
organization)

 

2092/4
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification
Code Number)

 

Not Applicable
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

 

P.O. Box 4102 Sandviken
5835 Bergen, Norway
Telephone: + 47 21 56 23 00

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 


 

Copies to:

 

James A. McDonald
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher and Flom (UK) LLP
40 Bank Street
London E14 5DS
Telephone: +44 20 7519 7000
Facsimile: +44 20 7519 7070

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of Each Class

 

Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered

American Depositary Shares, each representing 1 ordinary share, having a nominal value NOK 7.5 per share

Ordinary shares, having a nominal value of NOK 7.5 per share

 

New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange (for listing purposes only)*

 


 

Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of the American Depositary Shares.

 



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Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes o  No x

 

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

o Yes   x No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such a shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

x Yes   o No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

o Yes   o No

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer o

 

Accelerated filer o

 

Non-accelerated filer x

 

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

 

U.S. GAAP o

 

International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International
Accounting Standards Board
x

 

Other o

 

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the Registrant has elected to follow:

o Item 17   o Item 18

 

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

o Yes   x No

 

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.

 

o Yes   o No

 



Table of Contents

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PART I

 

 

ITEM 1.    Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

4

A. Directors and Senior Management

4

B. Advisers

4

C. Auditors

4

ITEM 2.    Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

4

ITEM 3.    Key Information

4

A. Selected Financial Data

4

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

13

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

13

D. Risk Factors

13

ITEM 4.    Information on the Company

33

A. History and Development of the Company

33

B. Business Overview

34

C. Organizational Structure

66

D. Property, Plants and Equipment

66

ITEM 4A.    Unresolved Staff Comments

66

ITEM 5.    Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

66

ITEM 6.    Directors, Senior Management and Employees

109

A. Directors and Senior Management

109

B. Compensation

112

C. Board Practices

114

D. Employees

115

E. Share Ownership

115

ITEM 7.    Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

115

A. Major Shareholders

116

B. Related Party Transactions

117

C. Interests of Experts and Counsel

117

ITEM 8.    Financial Information

117

A. Consolidated Financial Statements and Other Financial Information

117

B. Significant Changes

117

ITEM 9.    The Offer and Listing

117

A. Offer and Listing Details

117

B. Plan of Distribution

118

C. Markets

118

D. Selling Shareholders

118

E. Dilution

118

F. Expenses of the Issue

118

ITEM 10.    Additional Information

118

A. Share Capital

118

B. Memorandum and Articles of Association

118

C. Material Contracts

118

D. Exchange Controls

118

E. Taxation

119

F. Dividends and Paying Agents

124

G. Statements by Experts

124

H. Documents on Display

124

I. Subsidiary Information

124

ITEM 11.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

124

ITEM 12.    Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities

128

A. Debt Securities

128

B. Warrants and Rights

128

C. Other Securities

128

 

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D. American Depositary Shares

128

 

 

PART II

 

 

 

ITEM 13.    Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

129

ITEM 14.    Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

129

ITEM 15.    Controls and Procedures

130

ITEM 16.    [RESERVED]

130

ITEM 16A.    Audit Committee Financial Expert

130

ITEM 16B.    Code of Ethics

130

ITEM 16C.    Principal Accountant Fees and Services

130

ITEM 16D.    Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

131

ITEM 16E.    Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

132

ITEM 16F.    Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

132

ITEM 16G.    Corporate Governance

133

ITEM 16H.    Mine Safety Disclosure

133

 

 

PART III

 

 

 

ITEM 17.    Financial Statements

134

ITEM 18.    Financial Statements

134

ITEM 19.    Exhibits

135

 

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EXPLANATORY NOTE

 

In this annual report, the “company,” the “Group,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Marine Harvest ASA or Marine Harvest ASA and its consolidated subsidiaries, as the context may require.  We received regulatory approval for our acquisition of Morpol ASA, or Morpol, a leading seafood producer, on September 30, 2013.  As of November 12, 2013 we acquired 100% of Morpol. Information set forth in this annual report includes Morpol’s results starting from September 30, 2013, unless noted otherwise.

 

We prepare our financial statements included in this annual report in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or IASB.

 

We present our consolidated financial statements in Norwegian krone. All references in this annual report to “krones” or “NOK” are to Norwegian krone, the legal currency of Norway, unless otherwise noted.  All references in this annual report to (i) “USD” or “U.S. dollar” are to the legal currency of the United States; (ii) “EUR” or “Euro” are to the legal currency of participating member states for the purposes of the European Monetary Union; (iii) “GBP” or “pound sterling” are to the legal currency of England and Wales; (iv) “CAD” or “Canadian dollar” are to the legal currency of Canada; (v) “JPY” or “Japanese yen” are to the legal currency of Japan; (vi) “DKK” or “Danish krone” are to the legal currency of Denmark and (vii) “CLP” or “Chilean peso” are to the legal currency of Chile.

 

Unless otherwise indicated, all sources for industry data and statistics are estimates or forecasts contained in or derived from internal or industry sources we believe to be reliable. Market data used throughout this annual report were obtained from independent industry publications and other publicly available information. Such data, as well as internal surveys, industry forecasts and market research, while believed to be reliable, have not been independently verified. In addition, in certain cases we have made statements in this annual report regarding our industry and our position in the industry based on our experience and our own investigation of market conditions.

 

Market data and statistics are inherently predictive and speculative and are not necessarily reflective of actual market conditions. Such statistics are based on market research, which itself is based on sampling and subjective judgments by both the researchers and the respondents, including judgments about what types of products and transactions should be included in the relevant market. In addition, the value of comparisons of statistics for different markets is limited by many factors, including that (i) the markets are defined differently, (ii) the underlying information was gathered by different methods and (iii) different assumptions were applied in compiling the data. Accordingly, the market statistics included in this annual report should be viewed with caution and no representation or warranty is given by any person as to their accuracy.

 

As a result of rounding adjustments, the figures or percentages in a column may not add up to the total for that column.

 



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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This annual report on Form 20-F contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current expectations and views of future events. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections titled “Item 3. Key Information,” “Item 4. Information on the Company” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” Some of these forward-looking statements can be identified by terms and phrases such as “anticipate,” “should,” “likely,” “foresee,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “continue,” “could,” “may,” “plan,” “project,” “predict,” “will” and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements include statements relating to:

 

·                  our goals and strategies;

 

·                  our ability to increase or otherwise vary our harvest volume in the short or long term and our expected investments in working capital;

 

·                  the expected trends in global demand for seafood;

 

·                  capacity to expand salmon production in Norway;

 

·                  our ability to complete the construction (timely or at all) and the expected performance of the fish feed plant which we are constructing;

 

·                  the expected benefits from our acquisition and integration of Morpol ASA and divestiture of some of Morpol ASA’s Scottish operations;

 

·                  the expected trends in the seafood industry, globally and regionally;

 

·                  the expected trends in human population growth;

 

·                  our ability to control or mitigate biological risks, including fish diseases and sea lice, through the use of vaccines, treatment or otherwise;

 

·                  expected developments in the cost and availability of fish feed raw materials;

 

·                  our ability to implement (successfully or at all) our restructuring initiatives;

 

·                  climate change;

 

·                  our expected capital expenditures and commitments;

 

·                  our ability to maintain access to quality fish feed;

 

·                  future movements in the price of salmon and other seafood;

 

·                  our ability to continue to develop new and attractive products;

 

·                  our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;

 

·                  competition in our industry;

 

·                  the prospects of the Chilean salmon industry;

 

·                  our VAP restructuring plans, including closure of production facilities;

 

·                  our plans with respect to construction and opening of new production facilities;

 

·                  our ability meet our research and development plans and expectations; and

 

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·                  developments in, or changes to, the laws, regulation and governmental policies governing our business and industry.

 

The preceding list is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all of our forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of future performance, taking into account the information currently available to us. These statements are only predictions based upon our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, level of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In particular, such factors are described in “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” in this annual report.

 

These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. The factors set forth in “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contemplated in any forward-looking statement included in this annual report should not be construed as exhaustive. You should read this annual report and the documents filed as exhibits to it completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from our expectations.

 

3


 


Table of Contents

 

PART I

 

ITEM 1.    Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers.

 

A. Directors and Senior Management.

 

Not applicable.

 

B. Advisers.

 

Not applicable.

 

C. Auditors.

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 2.    Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable.

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 3.    Key Information.

 

A. Selected Financial Data.

 

The following tables set forth our selected consolidated financial and other data. You should read the following selected consolidated financial and other data together with the information in “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors,” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. Historical results are not indicative of the results to be expected in the future. Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as published by the IASB.

 

The selected consolidated financial data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements for those periods, which are included elsewhere in this annual report. The selected consolidated financial data as of and for the year ended December 31, 2010 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements for that period, which are not included in this annual report. The selected consolidated financial data as of and for the year ended December 31, 2009 have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements for that period.

 

The financial information below includes certain non-IFRS measures used to evaluate our economic and financial performance. These measures are not identified as accounting measures under IFRS and therefore should not be considered as an alternative measure to evaluate our performance.

 

Gutted weight equivalent, or GWE, statistic measures the weight of the fish with head on, gutted.

 

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Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

 

 

(in NOK million, except for per share and number of shares
data)

 

Consolidated Income Statement Data:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue and other income

 

19,199.4

 

15,463.5

 

16,132.8

 

15,281.2

 

14,619.5

 

Cost of materials

 

-9,998.5

 

-9,666.5

 

-8,398.6

 

-7,732.0

 

-8,796.6

 

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-4,323.7

 

-1,597.5

 

-3,260.1

 

-4,370.3

 

-3,023.0

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

6,118.3

 

1,993.5

 

949.3

 

5,882.8

 

3,415.7

 

Salary and personnel expenses

 

-2,674.3

 

-2,418.7

 

-2,177.8

 

-2,202.5

 

-2,167.4

 

Other operating expenses

 

-2,581.9

 

-2,163.5

 

-2,063.2

 

-1,502.5

 

-1,448.2

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

-762.5

 

-677.2

 

-666.7

 

-653.0

 

-687.7

 

Provision for onerous contracts

 

-124.7

 

-6.1

 

-5.8

 

-14.3

 

 

Restructuring costs

 

-272.8

 

-0.8

 

-21.8

 

-4.4

 

-169.5

 

Other non-operational items

 

-74.4

 

 

 

 

 

Income/loss from associated companies

 

221.8

 

83.6

 

-15.0

 

194.9

 

83.9

 

Impairment losses

 

-65.0

 

-0.5

 

-67.0

 

-5.0

 

-373.1

 

Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)

 

4,661.8

 

1,009.8

 

406.0

 

4,874.9

 

1,453.5

 

Interest expenses

 

-640.2

 

-382.8

 

-405.8

 

-380.3

 

-404.3

 

Net currency effects

 

-311.7

 

523.3

 

236.4

 

366.7

 

682.0

 

Other financial items

 

-252.4

 

-320.0

 

342.9

 

-195.3

 

35.1

 

Earnings before taxes (EBT)

 

3,457.4

 

830.3

 

579.5

 

4,666.0

 

1,766.3

 

Taxes

 

-1,026.8

 

-389.0

 

-46.7

 

-1,254.3

 

-381.7

 

Profit or loss from continuing operations

 

2,430.6

 

441.3

 

532.8

 

3,411.7

 

1,84.6

 

Profit after tax from discontinued operations

 

91.9

 

 

 

 

 

Profit or loss for the period

 

2,522.5

 

441.3

 

532.8

 

3,411.7

 

1,384.6

 

Profit or loss for the period attributable to:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-controlling interests

 

7.4

 

4.0

 

5.5

 

30.5

 

5.9

 

Owners of Marine Harvest ASA

 

2,515.1

 

437.3

 

527.3

 

3,381.2

 

1,378.7

 

Weighted average number of shares, basic and diluted (in millions of shares)

 

3,775.2

 

3,586.4

 

3,579.3

 

3,574.9

 

3,536.0

 

Earnings per share—basic and diluted (in NOK/share)

 

0.67

 

0.12

 

0.15

 

0.95

 

0.39

 

Earnings per share — basic and diluted (in NOK per share) from continued operations

 

0.65

 

0.12

 

0,15

 

0,95

 

0,39

 

Dividends per share (in NOK)

 

0.225

 

 

0.80

 

0.60

 

 

Dividends per share (in USD)(1)

 

0.04

 

 

0.14

 

0.09

 

 

 


(1)         The conversions are provided solely for convenience of the reader and were calculated using the NOK to USD closing rate on the date of the dividend payment, using the official exchange rate quoted by the Noon Buying Rate certified by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for customs purposes.

 

 

 

As of December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Inventory

 

1,751.1

 

819.7

 

783.0

 

775.8

 

742.7

 

Biological assets

 

9,536.6

 

6,207.9

 

6,239.3

 

8,034.0

 

5,688.9

 

Trade receivables

 

3,191.4

 

1,782.0

 

1,914.9

 

1,844.9

 

1,672.1

 

Other receivables

 

1,086.5

 

592.7

 

609.8

 

814.7

 

551.6

 

Cash

 

606.2

 

335.3

 

279.1

 

318.9

 

172.2

 

Total current assets

 

16,171.8

 

9,737.6

 

9,826.1

 

11,788.3

 

8,827.5

 

Assets held for sale

 

1,059.1

 

 

 

 

 

Total assets

 

33,727.7

 

23,317.4

 

22,747.3

 

24,295.9

 

20,745.4

 

Total equity

 

16,346.3

 

11,688.6

 

10,813.4

 

13,134.1

 

11,722.6

 

Total non-current liabilities

 

12,051.3

 

8,296.9

 

9,028.2

 

8,120.1

 

6,453.3

 

Total current liabilities

 

5,139.6

 

3,331.9

 

2,905.7

 

3,041.8

 

2,569.5

 

Liabilities held for sale

 

190.5

 

 

 

 

 

Total equity and liabilities

 

33,727.7

 

23,317.4

 

22,747.3

 

24,295.9

 

20,745.4

 

 

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Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

Other Financial and Operating Data:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Harvest Volume (in tons GWE)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Salmon of Norwegian origin

 

222,494

 

255,306

 

217,510

 

Salmon of Scottish origin

 

48,389

 

40,261

 

50,174

 

Salmon of Canadian origin

 

33,059

 

40,217

 

33,917

 

Salmon of Chilean origin

 

28,281

 

40,222

 

25,960

 

Salmon of Irish origin

 

5,883

 

9,407

 

9,332

 

Salmon of Faroese origin

 

5,665

 

6,893

 

5,927

 

Total harvest volume

 

343,772

 

392,306

 

342,820

 

Average price achievement(1)

 

95

%

105

%

110

%

Contract coverage(2)

 

37

%

33

%

43

%

Quality—superior share(3)

 

89

%

91

%

92

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

(in NOK million, except for per share and
number of shares data)

 

Segment Operational EBIT—Farming

 

3,001.1

 

415.1

 

2,489.6

 

Segment Operational EBIT—Markets

 

346.3

 

344.2

 

228.3

 

Segment Operational EBIT—VAP Europe

 

-57.7

 

5.8

 

107.9

 

Segment Operational EBIT—Morpol Processing

 

62.6

 

 

 

Segment Operational EBIT—Other

 

-139.9

 

-121.7

 

-108.4

 

Group Operational EBIT(4)

 

3,212.4

 

643.4

 

2,717.3

 

ROCE(5)

 

18.5

%

3.9

%

16.8

%

NIBD/equity(6)

 

47.7

%

46.0

%

59.8

%

 


(1)         Our average price achievement ranks the prices that we are able to achieve on our products against a salmon price index. The achievement is measured against NOS/Fish Pool for salmon of Norwegian and Faroese origin, a derived NOS/Fish Pool (NOS/Fish Pool plus a margin) for salmon of Scottish origin and Urner Barry for salmon of Canadian and Chilean origin. NOS/Fish Pool is an index of prices for Norwegian salmon provided by NOS Clearing ASA, a subsidiary of NASDAQ OMX Group Inc. Urner Barry provides reference prices for Chilean salmon in Miami and North American salmon in Seattle. The reference prices are spot prices for superior quality salmon, while our achieved price is a blend of spot and contract price for all qualities. The average price achievement demonstrates our ability to sell our products at above market rates and is thus important for understanding our performance. In situations where contract prices deviate from spot prices or the quality of our sold fish is low, our achieved price will deviate from the reference price.

(2)         The contract coverage represents the percentage of our products that was sold pursuant to contracts. For this purpose, a contract is defined as a commitment to sell our salmon at a fixed price for a period of three months or longer.

(3)         Superior share of salmon is the percentage of salmon harvested that is classified as superior grade salmon divided by the total volume of harvested salmon. If salmon for some reason, e.g., pale color or scale loss, cannot be classified as a superior product, it is downgraded and sold as a production or ordinary grade product at a lower price.

(4)         Operational EBIT.    Operational EBIT at Group level is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to the section below for how we define Operational EBIT and reconcile it to earnings before interest and taxes, or EBIT.

(5)         ROCE.    Return on Capital Employed, or ROCE, is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to the section below for how we define and calculate ROCE.

(6)         NIBD/equity.    NIBD/equity is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to the section below for how we define and calculate NIBD/equity.

 

Non-IFRS Financial Measures

 

Operational EBIT.    Operational EBIT at Group level and by country of origin is a non-IFRS financial measure, calculated by excluding each of the following items from EBIT as set forth in our consolidated statement of income prepared in accordance with IFRS: change in unrealized salmon derivatives (at Group level only), fair value uplift on harvested fish, fair value adjustment on biological assets, provision for onerous contracts, restructuring costs, income/loss from associated companies, impairment losses and other non-operational items (accrual for contingent liabilities and provisions). We exclude these items from our EBIT as we believe they affect the comparability of our operational performance from period to period, given their non-operational or non-recurring nature. Operational EBIT is used by management, analysts, rating agencies and investors in assessing our performance. Accordingly, we believe that the presentation of Operational EBIT provides useful information to investors. Our use of Operational EBIT should not be viewed as an alternative to EBIT or to profit or loss for the year, which are measures calculated in accordance with IFRS. Operational EBIT has limitations as an analytical tool in comparison to EBIT or other profit and loss measures prepared in accordance with IFRS. Some of these limitations are: (i) it does not reflect the impact of earnings or charges that we consider not to be indicative of our on-going operations, (ii) it does not reflect interest and income tax expense; and (iii) other companies, including other companies in our industry, may calculate Operational EBIT differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure. Our Operational EBIT is reconciled to EBIT below.

 

ROCE.    ROCE is a non-IFRS financial measure, calculated by dividing Adjusted EBIT by average capital employed. Adjusted EBIT is calculated as EBIT, as set forth in our consolidated statement of income prepared in accordance with IFRS, adjusted for fair value uplift on harvested fish, fair value adjustment on biological assets, provision for onerous contracts and other non-operational items (accrual for contingent liabilities and provisions). Average capital employed is calculated as average of the beginning of the period and end of the period capital employed except when there are material transactions during the year. Capital employed is the sum of net interest

 

6



Table of Contents

 

bearing debt, or NIBD, as of the end of the period plus equity as of the end of the period adjusted for fair value adjustment on biological assets, provision for onerous contracts and, for the period from January 1, 2013 until September 30, 2013, our investment in Morpol. The investment in Morpol was excluded from the calculation of capital employed as until the acquisition of Morpol was cleared by the relevant competition authorities, we were unable to consolidate Morpol’s financial results into our financial statements. Our NIBD as of the end of a period (for purposes of calculating average NIBD) is equal to our total non-current interest-bearing debt minus our total cash and plus our current interest-bearing debt. We use ROCE to measure the return on capital employed, regardless of whether the financing is through equity or debt. In our view, this measure provides useful information for both management and our investors about our performance during periods under evaluation. We believe that the presentation of ROCE provides useful information to investors because ROCE can be used to determine whether capital invested in us yields competitive returns. In addition, achievement of predetermined targets relating to ROCE is one of the factors we take into account in determining the amount of performance-based compensation paid to our management. Our use of ROCE should not be viewed as an alternative to EBIT or to profit or loss for the year, which are measures calculated in accordance with IFRS or ratios based on these figures. The usefulness of ROCE is also inherently limited by the fact that it is a ratio and thus does not provide information as to the absolute amount of our income, debt or equity. It also excludes certain items from the calculation and other companies may use a similar measure but calculate it differently. A table setting forth our calculation of ROCE is set forth below.

 

NIBD/equity.    NIBD/equity is a non-IFRS financial measure. Management employs NIBD divided by total equity, as set forth in our consolidated financial statements, to assess our liquidity and financial position. Our NIBD as of the end of a period is equal to our total interest-bearing debt minus our total cash and plus our current interest-bearing debt, in each case as set forth in our consolidated statement of financial position. Management, analysts, rating agencies and investors use our NIBD/equity ratio to assess our liquidity and measure our cash flow. The usefulness of NIBD/equity is inherently limited by the fact that it is a ratio and thus does not provide information as to the absolute amounts of our debt or equity. A table setting forth our calculation of NIBD/equity is set forth below.

 

The following table reconciles our Group Operational EBIT to EBIT in NOK million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

Group Operational EBIT

 

3,212.4

 

643.4

 

2,717.3

 

Change in unrealized salmon derivatives

 

-30.2

 

-105.8

 

-109.3

 

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-4,323.7

 

-1,597.5

 

-3,260.1

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

6,118.3

 

1,993.5

 

949.2

 

Provision for onerous contracts

 

-124.7

 

-6.1

 

-5.8

 

Restructuring costs

 

-272.8

 

-0.8

 

-21.8

 

Income/loss from associated companies

 

221.8

 

83.6

 

-15.0

 

Impairment losses

 

-65.0

 

-0.5

 

-67.0

 

Other non-operational items

 

-74.4

 

 

 

Group earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)

 

4,661.8

 

1,009.8

 

406.0

 

 

The following table reconciles Group level Operational EBIT to EBIT in NOK per kilogram for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

               

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(NOK per kg)

 

Group Operational EBIT

 

9.34

 

1.64

 

7.93

 

Change in unrealized salmon derivatives

 

-0.09

 

-0.27

 

0.32

 

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-12.58

 

-4.07

 

-9.51

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

17.80

 

5.08

 

2.77

 

Provision for onerous contracts

 

-0.36

 

-0.02

 

-0.02

 

Restructuring costs

 

-0.79

 

 

-0.06

 

Income/loss from associated companies

 

0.65

 

0.21

 

-0.04

 

Impairment losses

 

-0.19

 

 

-0.20

 

Other non-operational items

 

-0.22

 

 

 

Group EBIT

 

13.56

 

2.57

 

1.18

 

 

7



Table of Contents

 

The following table reconciles Operational EBIT to EBIT for salmon of Norwegian origin in NOK million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operational EBIT—Salmon of Norwegian Origin

 

2,410.2

 

823.5

 

1,990.6

 

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-2,898.1

 

-1,238.5

 

-1,961.1

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

4,012.1

 

1,767.3

 

223.4

 

Provision for onerous contracts

 

-99,0

 

-12.5

 

7.9

 

Restructuring costs

 

 

 

 

Income/loss from associated companies

 

221.8

 

82.7

 

-15.0

 

Impairment losses

 

-5.9

 

-1.4

 

-5.1

 

Other non-operational items

 

 

 

 

EBIT—Salmon of Norwegian Origin

 

3,641.1

 

1,421.1

 

240.5

 

 

The following table reconciles Operational EBIT to EBIT for salmon of Norwegian origin in NOK per kilogram for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in NOK per kg)

 

Operational EBIT—Salmon of Norwegian Origin

 

10.83

 

3.23

 

9.15

 

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-13.03

 

-4.85

 

-9.02

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

18.03

 

6.92

 

1.03

 

Provision for onerous contracts

 

-0.44

 

-0.05

 

0.04

 

Restructuring costs

 

 

 

 

Income/loss from associated companies

 

1.00

 

0.32

 

-0.07

 

Impairment losses

 

-0.03

 

-0.01

 

-0.02

 

Other non-operational items

 

 

 

 

EBIT—Salmon of Norwegian Origin

 

16.36

 

5.57

 

1.11

 

 

The following table reconciles Operational EBIT to EBIT for salmon of Scottish origin in NOK million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

               

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

Operational EBIT—Salmon of Scottish Origin

 

602.7

 

153.0

 

519.3

 

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-822.3

 

-276.3

 

-693.1

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

1,003.1

 

268.1

 

488.1

 

Provision for onerous contracts

 

-25.7

 

6.4

 

-13.2

 

Restructuring costs

 

 

 

 

Income/loss from associated companies

 

 

0.2

 

 

Impairment losses

 

 

0.3

 

-0.6

 

Other non-operational items

 

 

 

 

EBIT—Salmon of Scottish Origin

 

757.8

 

151.8

 

300.5

 

 

8



Table of Contents

 

The following table reconciles Operational EBIT to EBIT for salmon of Scottish origin in NOK per kilogram for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in NOK per kg)

 

Operational EBIT—Salmon of Scottish Origin

 

12.45

 

3.80

 

10.35

 

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-16.99

 

-6.86

 

-13.81

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

20.73

 

6.66

 

9.73

 

Provision for onerous contracts

 

-0.53

 

0.16

 

-0.26

 

Restructuring costs

 

 

 

 

Income/loss from associated companies

 

 

0.01

 

 

Impairment losses

 

 

0.01

 

-0.01

 

Other non-operational items

 

 

 

 

EBIT—Salmon of Scottish Origin

 

15.66

 

3.77

 

5.99

 

 

The following table reconciles Operational EBIT to EBIT for salmon of Canadian origin in NOK million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

Operational EBIT—Salmon of Canadian Origin

 

336.8

 

-140.1

 

39.6

 

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-360.3

 

-9.9

 

-198.7

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

598.9

 

-6.7

 

-38.3

 

Provision for onerous contracts

 

 

 

 

Restructuring costs

 

-4.3

 

-0.8

 

-23.4

 

Income/loss from associated companies

 

 

 

 

Impairment losses

 

-2.1

 

-2.2

 

-54.5

 

Other non-operational items

 

 

 

 

EBIT—Salmon of Canadian Origin

 

569.0

 

-159.6

 

-275.2

 

 

The following table reconciles Operational EBIT to EBIT for salmon of Canadian origin in NOK per kilogram for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in NOK per kilogram)

 

Operational EBIT—Salmon of Canadian Origin

 

10.19

 

-3.48

 

1.17

 

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-10.90

 

-0.25

 

-5.86

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

18.12

 

-0.17

 

-1.13

 

Provision for onerous contracts

 

 

 

 

Restructuring costs

 

-0.13

 

-0.02

 

-0.69

 

Income/loss from associated companies

 

 

 

 

Impairment losses

 

-0.06

 

-0.05

 

-1.61

 

Other non-operational items

 

 

 

 

EBIT—Salmon of Canadian Origin

 

17.21

 

-3.97

 

-8.11

 

 

9


 


Table of Contents

 

The following table reconciles Operational EBIT to EBIT for salmon of Chilean origin in NOK million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

Operational EBIT—Salmon of Chilean Origin

 

-65.7

 

-90.9

 

110.6

 

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-123.9

 

27.1

 

-211.0

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

284.2

 

-97.6

 

143.2

 

Provision for onerous contracts

 

 

 

 

Restructuring costs

 

 

 

 

Income/loss from associated companies

 

 

 

 

Impairment losses

 

1.3

 

3.0

 

-5.5

 

Other non-operational items

 

-74.4

 

 

 

EBIT—Salmon of Chilean Origin

 

21.5

 

-158.4

 

37.2

 

 

The following table reconciles Operational EBIT to EBIT for salmon of Chilean origin in NOK per kilogram for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in NOK per kg)

 

Operational EBIT—Salmon of Chilean Origin

 

-2.32

 

-2.26

 

4.26

 

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-4.38

 

0.67

 

-8.13

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

10.05

 

-2.43

 

5.52

 

Provision for onerous contracts

 

 

 

 

Restructuring costs

 

 

 

 

Income/loss from associated companies

 

 

 

 

Impairment losses

 

0.05

 

0.07

 

-0.21

 

Other non-operational items

 

-2.63

 

 

 

EBIT—Salmon of Chilean Origin

 

0.76

 

-3.94

 

1.43

 

 

The following table reconciles Operational EBIT to EBIT for salmon of Irish origin in NOK million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

Operational EBIT—Salmon of Irish Origin

 

-29.6

 

13.6

 

74.4

 

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-41.4

 

-82.3

 

-114.7

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

44.0

 

46.9

 

102.5

 

Provision for onerous contracts

 

 

 

 

Restructuring costs

 

 

 

 

Income/loss from associated companies

 

 

0.1

 

 

Impairment losses

 

 

-0.1

 

-0.1

 

Other non-operational items

 

 

 

 

EBIT—Salmon of Irish Origin

 

-26.9

 

-21.8

 

62.1

 

 

10



Table of Contents

 

The following table reconciles Operational EBIT to EBIT for salmon of Irish origin in NOK per kilogram for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(NOK per kg)

 

Operational EBIT—Salmon of Irish Origin

 

-5.02

 

1.45

 

7.97

 

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-7.03

 

-8.75

 

-12.29

 

Fair value adjusted on biological assets

 

7.48

 

4.98

 

10.98

 

Provision for onerous contracts

 

 

 

 

Restructuring costs

 

 

 

 

Income/loss from associated companies

 

 

0.01

 

 

Impairment losses

 

 

-0.01

 

-0.01

 

Other non-operational items

 

 

 

 

EBIT—Salmon of Irish Origin

 

-4.58

 

-2.31

 

6.66

 

 

The following table reconciles Operational EBIT to EBIT for salmon of Faroese origin in NOK million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

Operational EBIT—Salmon of Faroese Origin

 

84.2

 

12.1

 

60.9

 

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-77.7

 

-17.7

 

-81.0

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

168.7

 

24.3

 

28.2

 

Provision for onerous contracts

 

 

 

 

Restructuring costs

 

 

 

 

Income/loss from associated companies

 

 

 

 

Impairment losses

 

 

 

 

Other non-operational items

 

 

 

 

EBIT—Salmon of Faroese Origin

 

175.2

 

18.7

 

8.0

 

 

The following table reconciles Operational EBIT to EBIT for salmon of Faroese origin in NOK per kilogram for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(NOK per kg)

 

Operational EBIT—Salmon of Faroese Origin

 

14.86

 

1.76

 

10.27

 

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-13.72

 

-2.57

 

-13.67

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

29.78

 

3.53

 

4.75

 

Provision for onerous contracts

 

 

 

 

Restructuring costs

 

 

 

 

Income/loss from associated companies

 

 

 

 

Impairment losses

 

 

 

 

Other non-operational items

 

 

 

 

EBIT—Salmon of Faroese Origin

 

30.93

 

2.72

 

1.36

 

 

11



Table of Contents

 

The following tables set forth our calculation of ROCE, requiring reconciliation of Adjusted EBIT to EBIT and NIBD to Non-current interest-bearing debt, for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

As of and for the
year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in NOK million, except ROCE)

 

Adjusted EBIT

 

3,066.2

 

619.9

 

2,722.7

 

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-4,323.7

 

-1,597.5

 

-3,260.1

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

6,118.3

 

1,993.5

 

949.2

 

Provision for onerous contracts

 

-124.7

 

-6.1

 

-5.8

 

Other non-operational items

 

-74.4

 

 

 

EBIT

 

4,661.8

 

1,009.8

 

406.0

 

Net interest-bearing debt (NIBD)

 

7,790.7

 

5,381.0

 

6,467.3

 

Cash

 

606.2

 

335.3

 

279.1

 

Current interest-bearing debt

 

-686.7

 

-377.8

 

-157.0

 

Non-current interest-bearing debt

 

7,710.2

 

5,338.5

 

6,589.4

 

NIBD

 

7,790.7

 

5,381.0

 

6,467.3

 

Investment in Morpol

 

-868.6

 

-937.6

 

 

Total equity

 

16,346.3

 

11,688.6

 

10,813.4

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

-2,742.9

 

-835.7

 

-445.9

 

Provision for onerous contracts

 

153.5

 

25.1

 

19.4

 

Capital employed as of the end of the period

 

20,679.0

 

15,321.4

 

16,854.2

 

Average capital employed(1)

 

16,603.7

 

16,087.8

 

16,227.3

 

Adjusted EBIT

 

3,066.2

 

619.9

 

2,722.7

 

ROCE

 

18.5

%

3.9

%

16.8

%

 


(1)         Calculated as the average capital employed as of the beginning and the end of the period, except when there are material transactions during the year. Morpol is included from September 30, 2013.

 

The following table sets forth our calculation of NIBD/equity for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

As of December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

NIBD

 

7,790.7

 

5,381.0

 

6,467.3

 

Cash

 

606.2

 

335.3

 

279.1

 

Current interest-bearing debt

 

-686.7

 

-377.8

 

-157.0

 

Non-current interest-bearing debt

 

7,710.2

 

5,338.5

 

6,589.4

 

NIBD

 

7,790.7

 

5,381.0

 

6,467.3

 

Total equity

 

16,346.3

 

11,688.6

 

10,813.4

 

NIBD/equity

 

47.7

%

46.0

%

59.8

%

 

Exchange Rates

 

The following are the Noon Buying Rates certified by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for customs purposes, or the Noon Buying Rate, expressed in NOK per USD for the periods stated.

 

Period

 

High

 

Low

 

Period End

 

Period average(1)

 

Year ended December 31, 2009

 

7.278

 

5.537

 

5.790

 

6.258

 

Year ended December 31, 2010

 

6.670

 

5.616

 

5.890

 

6.064

 

Year ended December 31, 2011

 

6.027

 

5.225

 

5.968

 

5.561

 

Year ended December 31, 2012

 

6.130

 

5.560

 

5.562

 

5.785

 

Year ended December 31, 2013

 

6.263

 

5.431

 

6.066

 

5.877

 

October 2013

 

6.035

 

5.877

 

 

 

November 2013

 

6.199

 

5.948

 

 

 

December 2013

 

6.199

 

6.066

 

 

 

January 2014

 

6.277

 

6.084

 

 

 

February 2014

 

6.292

 

5.993

 

 

 

March 2014

 

6.060

 

5.931

 

 

 

April 2014 (through April 18)

 

6.012

 

5.912

 

 

 

 

12



Table of Contents

 


(1)         The period average in respect of a year is calculated as the average of the exchange rates on the last business day of each month for the relevant period.

 

These rates may differ from the actual rates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements and other financial information appearing in this annual report. We make no representation that USD or NOK amounts referred to in this annual report have been, could have been or could, in the future, be converted into NOK or USD, as the case may be, at any particular rate, if at all. On April 18, 2014, the Noon Buying Rate was set at NOK 5.985 per U.S.$1.00.

 

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness.

 

Not applicable.

 

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds.

 

Not applicable.

 

D. Risk Factors

 

You should carefully consider the risks described below with all of the other information included in this annual report. If any of the following risks actually occurs, it may materially harm our business, results of operations or financial condition. This annual report also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the risks faced by us described below and elsewhere in this annual report.

 

We have divided our risks into the following categories:

 

·                  Risks Related to the Sale of Our Products;

 

·                  Risks Related to Government Regulation;

 

·                  Risks Related to Our Fish Farming Operations;

 

·                  Risks Related to Our Industry;

 

·                  Risks Related to Our Business;

 

·                  Risks Related to Acquisitions and Expansions;

 

·                  Risks Related to Our Financing Arrangements;

 

·                  Risks Related to Climate Change;

 

·                  Risks Related to Our ADSs; and

 

·                  Risks Related to Tax Matters.

 

Risks Related to the Sale of Our Products

 

Our results are substantially dependent on salmon prices, and salmon prices are subject to large short- and long-term fluctuations due to variations in supply and demand caused by factors such as smolt release, biological factors, quality, shifts in consumption and license changes.

 

A substantial portion of our products sold are salmon products (representing approximately 91.0% of sales in 2013). Accordingly, our results of operation are substantially dependent on salmon prices. Global and regional prices of salmon are subject to significant fluctuation.

 

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Historically, prices have been driven primarily by the global and regional supply and demand for salmon. The demand for farmed salmon is affected by a number of different factors, such as changes in customer preferences, changes in public attitude towards farmed salmon, relative pricing of substitute products, such as poultry, pork and beef, and general economic conditions, such as levels of employment, inflation, growth in gross domestic product, or GDP, disposable income and consumer confidence. Demand for farmed salmon could decrease in the future and put downward pressure on salmon prices.

 

The supply of farmed salmon fluctuates strongly due to variations in factors, such as smolt release (which is determined one to two years prior to harvesting), feeding efficiency, biological factors, including seawater temperatures, sea lice and fish diseases. For example, in recent years, Chilean salmon production has been affected by Infectious Salmon Anemia, or ISA, significantly reducing global supply of salmon. As a result of the long production cycle (two to three years) with only a limited period available for harvesting, we and other salmon producers have limited flexibility in managing salmon supply from month to month. In addition, salmon is generally sold as a fresh commodity with a limited time span available between harvesting and consumption further limiting producers’ ability to control supply. The consequence of these dynamics is that salmon farmers are expected to be price takers in the market from week to week. Increases in harvests may therefore result in a significant reduction in salmon reference prices.

 

In addition, an increased utilization of current production licenses or issuance of new production licenses could result in short- and/or long-term over-production in the industry, which may result in a significant reduction in salmon reference prices.

 

Short-term or long-term decreases in the price of farmed salmon may have a material adverse effect on our revenues.

 

We may have limited flexibility to adjust our product mix away from salmon in order to accommodate changing pricing circumstances.

 

A reduction in the price of salmon may trigger a substantial reduction in the value of our biological assets.

 

We assess the value of our biological assets on a monthly basis, and the price of salmon is a significant factor in the valuation of our biological assets, which were valued at NOK 9,536.6 million and NOK 6,207.9 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. We recorded a net fair value adjustment on biological assets of NOK 2,742.9 million and NOK 395.9 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, with each adjustment being primarily driven by changes in the price of salmon. Future fluctuations in salmon prices may result in significant fair value adjustments.

 

We may be unable to effectively hedge our exposure to short- and medium-term fluctuations in salmon prices.

 

We seek to manage our exposure to short- and medium-term fluctuations in salmon reference prices through sales contracts and Fishpool financial futures as well as through our secondary processing activities (as prices for secondary processed salmon tend to be more stable than for primary processed salmon). However, our contracts and financial futures may not be fulfilled or may not be available in the future or may be ineffective in hedging our exposure to salmon price fluctuations. In addition, our sales contracts and financial futures may result in price achievement below reference prices in an environment of rising reference prices. Furthermore, our secondary processing activities may not reduce the impact of fluctuating salmon reference prices on our operations. An inability to effectively hedge our exposure to salmon prices may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.

 

We could face higher costs for fish feed as a result of higher prices and reduced availability of the main ingredients used in fish feed production.

 

Fish feed costs accounted for approximately half of our “cost in box” in 2013, and as a result, our results of operations and financial condition are dependent upon the cost of fish feed. Cost in box refers to fish feed, other seawater and non-seawater costs of our Farming segment measured per kilogram of salmon packed in a standard box for shipping. The fish feed industry is characterized by three large, global suppliers typically operating under cost

 

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plus contracts (which is the case for all of our fish feed contracts) and fish feed prices are, accordingly, directly linked to the global markets for the main ingredients in fish feed: fish oil, fishmeal, canola oil, soy bean protein and wheat. Increases in the prices of these raw materials will result in an increase in our fish feed costs. The demand for fish feed is primarily driven by fish farming operations, which in turn depends on smolt stocking and farmed fish production levels, so increases in farmed fish production levels can lead to feed shortages and increases in fish feed prices (as demand for fish feed would increase demand for its ingredients). We may not be able to pass on increased fish feed costs to our customers.

 

Global inventories, currency fluctuations and seawater temperatures all affect the supply of feed ingredients. Limitations on the availability of certain commodities that are key inputs in fish feed, in particular marine resources such as fish oil, could lead to global shortages of the necessary raw materials. Fish oil and fishmeal are produced using wild caught fish such as anchovies. The extensive use of fish oil combined with a growing fish farming industry presents a sustainability challenge for the industry. Natural phenomena and global weather patterns, such as the recurring event El Niño in the Pacific Ocean, could result in a reduction in global access to raw materials for fish feed production. El Niño causes an increase in seawater temperatures in the South East Pacific, particularly along the coasts of Chile and Peru. As warmer oceans alter locations and types of fish stocks, fish catches of species suitable for fishmeal, such as anchovies, may decrease significantly. Other main ingredients such as canola oil, soy bean protein and wheat are subject to unpredictable price changes caused by supply and demand fluctuations, weather, size of harvest, transportation and storage cost, the state of the global and regional economy, geopolitical situation and the agricultural and other policies of governments throughout the world. As the cost of raw materials for fish feed increases so does the cost of feed itself. Because fish feed constitutes a significant percentage of our overall costs, an increase in the cost of fish feed directly increases our operating costs and could decrease our profit margins.

 

Termination of one or more of our feed contracts on short notice could result in material additional costs to us.

 

As the main feed suppliers normally enter into volume contracts and adapt their production volumes to prevailing supply commitments, there is generally limited excess of fish feed available in the market. If one or more of our feed contracts were to be terminated on short notice prior to their respective expiration dates, we may be forced to find alternative suppliers in the market on short notice, incurring additional costs. A shortage in feed supply may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.

 

Reduction in the quality of our fish feed could have a material adverse effect on our production.

 

Fish feed is essential to our fish production as its quality affects the quality and volume of our harvests. Our feed conversion ratio, which measures the number of kilograms of fish feed needed to increase a fish’s bodyweight by one kilogram, may increase due to lower quality of ingredients used in the fish feed, an unfavorable mix of ingredients used in the fish feed or other factors beyond our control, including fish biology. Although we actively work with our fish feed suppliers to ensure that our fish feed is tailored to provide the highest fish growth at a low cost without sacrificing product quality, our efforts may not be successful. An increase in feed conversion ratio may have a material adverse effect on our production.

 

Market demand for our products may decrease.

 

We face competition from other producers of seafood as well as from other protein sources, such as pork, beef and poultry. The bases on which we compete include:

 

·                  price;

 

·                  product quality;

 

·                  brand identification; and

 

·                  customer service.

 

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Demand for our products is also affected by our competitors’ promotional spending. We may be unable to compete successfully on any or all of these bases in the future, which may have a material adverse effect on our revenues.

 

Moreover, although historically the logistics and perishability of seafood has led to regionalized competition, the market for fresh and frozen seafood is becoming increasingly globalized as a result of improved delivery logistics and improved preservation of the products. Increased competition, consolidation, and overcapacity may lead to lower product pricing of competing products that could reduce demand for our products and this may have a material adverse effect on our revenues.

 

Changes in consumer preferences or failure of our new products to appeal to consumers could adversely impact our business, especially our VAP Europe and Morpol Processing segments.

 

The food industry in general is subject to changing consumer trends, demands and preferences. Trends within the food industry change often. Failure to identify and react to changes in these trends could lead to, among other things, reduced demand for our products, especially for our VAP Europe and Morpol Processing segments. These segments comprise our European secondary processing and value added operations, as well as our European end product sales of secondary processed seafood, including logistics. Our secondary processed products are particularly susceptible to changes in consumer preferences.

 

In addition, our VAP Europe and Morpol Processing segments regularly introduces new products which may not appeal to our consumers’ preferences. To the extent such new offerings are unsuccessful, this business may suffer. Our continued success will depend in part on our ability to anticipate, identify and respond quickly to changing consumer preferences for fish, especially secondary processed seafood. Our inability to do so may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.

 

Risks Related to Government Regulation

 

Failure to ensure food safety and compliance with food safety standards could result in serious adverse consequences for us.

 

As our end products are for human consumption, food safety issues (both actual and perceived) may have a negative impact on the reputation of and demand for our products. In addition to the need to comply with relevant food safety regulations, it is of critical importance that our products are safe and perceived as safe and healthy in all relevant markets.

 

Our products may be subject to contamination by food-borne pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridia, Salmonella and E. Coli or contaminants. These pathogens and substances are found in the environment; therefore, there is a risk that one or more of these organisms and pathogens can be introduced into our products as a result of improper handling, poor processing hygiene or cross-contamination by us, the ultimate consumer or any intermediary. We have little, if any, control over handling procedures once we ship our products for distribution.

 

In 2012, we detected Listeria in cold smoked salmon processed at our factory in Chile. A voluntary recall was carried out in agreement with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or the FDA. No illness was experienced or reported in relation to the incident. The detection and resulting product recall resulted in inventory write-downs amounting to NOK 26.0 million. In July 2013, traces of crystal violet, a dye commonly used in textiles and ink found in pens and printer toner but also an anti-fungal agent banned in the United States, were found in salmon being imported into the United States from the secondary processing facilities of our Chilean third-party secondary processing facility. As a result, the FDA issued an import alert for the third-party Chilean secondary processing facility.

 

During 2013, our internal system for reporting food safety incidents captured eight incidents classified as more serious, none of which led to any reported illness or negative impact for consumers. In 2012 we reported 26 such incidents. We define a food safety incident as a situation that requires specific actions to maintain the safety of our products. Typical food safety incidents may be labeling errors related to ingredients that may cause allergies in sensitive individuals or to the product’s shelf life. Incidents defined as more serious are incidents that may have an

 

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impact on consumer health, e.g., such products may contain food-borne pathogens, foreign bodies or labeling errors related to allergens.

 

Furthermore, we may not be able to prevent contamination of our fish by pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, dioxins or heavy metals. Such contamination is primarily the result of environmental contamination of fish feed raw materials such as fishmeal, fish oil and raw materials from crops, which could result in a corresponding contamination of our fish feed and our fish. Residues of environmental pollutants present in our fish feed may pass undetected in our products and may reach consumers due to failure in surveillance and control systems.

 

An inadvertent shipment of contaminated products may be a violation of law and may lead to product liability claims, product recalls (which may not entirely mitigate the risk of product liability claims), increased scrutiny and penalties, including injunctive relief and plant closings, by regulatory agencies, and adverse publicity.

 

Increased quality demands from authorities in the future relating to food safety may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow. Legislation and guidelines with tougher requirements are expected and may imply higher costs for the food industry. In particular, the ability to trace products through all stages of development, certification and documentation is becoming increasingly required under food safety regulations. Further, limitations on additives and use of medical products in the farmed salmon industry may be imposed, which could result in higher costs for us.

 

The food industry in general experiences high levels of customer awareness with respect to food safety and product quality, information and traceability. We may fail to meet new and exacting customer requirements, which could reduce demand for our products.

 

Governmental regulation, including food safety and aquaculture regulation, affects our business.

 

Fish farming and processing industries are subject to regional, federal and local governmental regulations relating to the farming, processing, packaging, storage, distribution, advertising, labeling, quality and safety of food products. New laws and regulations, or stricter (or otherwise adverse to us) interpretations of existing laws or regulations, may materially affect our business or operations in the future. Our operations are also subject to extensive and increasingly stringent regulations administered by environmental agencies in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Failure to comply with these laws, regulations or interpretations could have serious consequences, including criminal, civil and administrative penalties, loss of production, injunctions, product recalls and negative publicity. Some environmental Non-Government Organizations, or NGOs, have advocated for salmon farming to be restricted to farming in a contained environment, which would substantially increase our costs.

 

Relevant authorities may introduce further regulations for the operations of aquaculture facilities, such as enhanced standards of production facilities, capacity requirements, fish feed quotas, fish density, site allocation conditions or other parameters for production. Furthermore, authorities may impose stricter environmental requirements upon fish farming, e.g., restrictions or a ban on discharges of waste substances from the production facilities, stricter requirements for seabed restoration, stricter requirements to prevent fish escapes and new requirements regarding animal welfare. Investments necessary to meet new regulatory requirements and penalties for failure to comply with such requirements could be significant. Likewise, an absence of or ineffective government regulation may lead to unsustainable farming practices at an industry-wide level. The industry has historically been unable to cooperate to create sustainable practices in the absence of government regulation. We have therefore relied on such regulation to help create and enforce practices that ensure the long-term sustainability of the industry. Ineffective regulation can hinder our industry’s ability to implement sustainable and profitable practices. Accordingly changes in regulation or ineffective government regulation may have a material adverse effect on the fish farming industry as a whole, which could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.

 

Trade restrictions resulting in suboptimal distribution of salmon may be intensified, creating a negative impact on price in some countries.

 

Farmed salmon is produced in a limited number of countries and sold globally. Historically, trade restrictions have inhibited the optimal distribution of farmed salmon to the markets and impacted the price yield for

 

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the farmed salmon producers in the countries affected by such restrictions. Trade restrictions could include import prohibitions, minimum import prices and high import duties, reducing the competitiveness of our products as compared to other available products. Many of our production locations are located outside our principle markets, and therefore we are exposed to trade restrictions. Continuous effects of such trade restrictions or introduction of new trade restrictions may have a significant impact on our ability to sell in certain regions or our ability to charge competitive prices for our products in such regions.

 

We may not be permitted to continue to operate at sites located close to protected or highly sensitive areas or to use certain fish feed and medication at those sites.

 

Some of our sites are located close to protected areas or highly sensitive areas with respect to biodiversity. The effect of salmon farming on the environment and biodiversity is being intensively discussed among scientific groups. New developments in the perception of the impact of salmon farming on the environment (whether justified or not) may result in closure of sites located in vulnerable areas or requirements to implement costly measures. Specific additives used in fish feed and medication could become prohibited at these sites if found (or believed) to have an adverse impact on the environment. Compliance with such laws, rules and regulations, or a breach of them, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.

 

Our fish farming operations are dependent on fish farming licenses.

 

Most of the jurisdictions in which we operate require us to obtain a license for each fish farm owned and operated in that jurisdiction. We have obtained and currently hold a license to own and operate each of our fish farms where a license is required. In order to maintain the licenses, we have to operate our current farms and, if we pursue acquisitions or construction of new farms, we will need to obtain additional licenses to operate those farms, where required. Licenses in each country are subject to certain requirements, and we risk penalties (including, in some cases, criminal charges), sanctions or even loss of license if we fail to comply with license requirements or related regulations. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Business—Regulation.” We are also exposed to dilution of our licenses where a government issues new licenses to fish farmers other than us, thereby reducing the current value of our fish farming licenses. Governments may change the way licenses are distributed or otherwise dilute or invalidate our licenses. If we are unable to maintain or obtain new fish farming licenses or if new licensing regulations dilute the value of our licenses, this may have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

Licenses generally require—and future licenses may require—that we leave the seabed under our fish farms fallow for a period of time following harvest. We may resume operation after a set period of time, provided that certain environmental and fish health targets are met. These requirements may increase or become more stringent, which could increase our costs.

 

Potential new licensing regime for the Norwegian salmon farming industry may increase the supply of salmon and biological risk.

 

The newly appointed government in Norway has signaled that it supports a more liberal licensing regime for the Norwegian salmon farming industry. One potential change is the introduction of an average calculation for the Maximum Allowed Biomass, or MAB. Under the current licensing regime, the standing biomass can at no time exceed the MAB. Given the significant variation in seawater temperatures during the year, Norwegian biomass fluctuates significantly throughout the year and normally peaks in October. Changing the applicability of MAB restrictions to an average instead of maximum biomass would significantly increase production capacity in Norway. This may result in significantly higher supply compared to the current regime and thereby drive down the price of salmon. It may also increase biological risks.

 

Norwegian salmon farming operation is subject to ownership restrictions and increased ownership may result in stricter requirements.

 

In Norway, acquisition of more than 15% of the production capacity for salmon and trout in seawater requires application to and approval by the Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs, or the NMFCA. In addition, various ownership thresholds (15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40%) are accompanied by specific minimum requirements for R&D spending, secondary processing activities and contribution to the education of

 

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young talents. Furthermore, only in exceptional circumstances may the NMFCA approve acquisitions of licenses resulting in a company exceeding 40% of the total production capacity. We currently hold permission to own up to 25% of the total production capacity, and our total production in 2013 was approximately 22%. We may not be able to increase our production capacity in Norway, and if we increase our production capacity, our Norwegian operations could be subject to stricter requirements and conditions, increasing our operating costs. The ownership limitations and requirements have been subject to several amendments over the last decade due to shifting political circumstances, and until July 2013, no company was allowed to own more than 25% of the total concessionary biomass in Norway. If the newly adopted amendments are reversed or stricter regulations are otherwise implemented, this may limit our ability to expand our production in Norway and may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.

 

Antitrust and competition regulation may restrict further growth in some of the jurisdictions in which we operate.

 

Our business and operations are subject to regulation by antitrust or competition authorities in Norway, the European Union and Canada, among other jurisdictions, particularly because of our significant market shares in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Risks of infringing competition laws and regulations are higher in markets in which we hold a leading position. In such markets, the applicable antitrust and competition laws and regulations could reduce our operational flexibility. Responsible authorities and jurisdictional bodies may take actions, potentially contrary to our interests, aimed at maintaining or reinforcing competition in our markets. We agreed with the European Commission to divest certain parts of Morpol in connection with the acquisition of Morpol. Further similar action could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.

 

We could be adversely affected by violations of the applicable anti-corruption laws.

 

Applicable anti-corruption laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the UK Bribery Act of 2010, generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments (to foreign officials and otherwise) and require companies to keep accurate books and records as well as appropriate internal controls. Our training programs and policies mandate compliance with such laws. Such programs and policies, however, may not prevent a violation of applicable anti-corruption law. We now operate in some parts of the world that have experienced governmental corruption to various degrees, particularly Vietnam. If we were found liable for violations of anti-corruption laws (due to our own acts or inadvertence, or the acts or inadvertence of others, including employees of third-party partners or agents), we may incur civil and criminal penalties or other sanctions, or suffer significant internal investigation costs or reputational harm, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flow or reputation.

 

Risks Related to Our Fish Farming Operations

 

Fish are adversely affected by sea lice, and we may incur significant sea lice mitigation costs and we may be exposed to regulatory actions for failing to maintain sea lice levels below the relevant trigger levels.

 

Sea lice, of which there are many species, are a naturally occurring type of crustacean parasite that attaches itself to the mucus and skin of several fish species, including salmon. Sea lice are a challenge in most of the territories in which we operate. High density of sea lice can result in lesions and affect the fish’s health, welfare, growth and immunity to diseases. Sea lice are found in all the countries in which we operate and are closely monitored by national governments, mainly from the perspective of limiting surrounding wild fish populations’ sea lice exposure from fish farms. Regulators set limits on the number of sea lice per fish on the farms, and treatment of the fish is mandatory if levels approach such limits. The parasite is controlled through specific anti-lice agents, hydrogen peroxide baths in well boats or enclosed cages, and biologically by using “cleaner fish,” which are fish species that eat the parasites directly from the fish’s skin. Treatment of sea lice is costly and the increased resistance against several types of medication used in sea lice control is a growing concern in the industry. There are also concerns over the interaction between farmed and wild salmon and the transmission of sea lice from one to another. As a response to these concerns, governments may require us to implement new or improved measures or require some of our sites to lie fallow for a certain period of time in order to control spreading of sea lice, thus increasing our costs.

 

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Although our ambition is to maintain sea lice levels below levels set by the government (also known as trigger levels), we may at times exceed such levels, for example, during periods of elevated seawater temperatures when sea lice levels can increase rapidly. Our failure to maintain our sea lice levels below the relevant trigger levels may result in a heightened need for treatment and/or regulatory action.

 

Costs associated with sea lice mitigation and treatment activities can be significant, and damage suffered by our fish due to sea lice infections or through treatment failures may reduce our harvests and can result in impairment charges. Where fish have already been substantially weakened by sea lice, additional treatment may result in fish mortality and further biomass loss. In addition, high levels of sea lice in any of our operations may result in slower growth rates and increased mortality, each contributing to increased costs of operations.

 

Our fish stocks, operations and reputation can be adversely affected by various diseases.

 

Our fish are affected by diseases caused by viruses, bacteria and parasites which may have adverse effects on fish survival, health, growth and welfare and result in reduced harvest weight and volume, downgrading of products and claims from customers. A significant outbreak of disease represents a cost for us through, for example, direct loss of fish, lost growth on biomass, accelerated harvesting, loss of quality of harvested fish and prevention and treatment costs, and may also be followed by a subsequent period of reduced production capacity and loss of income. Diseases are also a threat to the environment and the welfare of the fish. Some diseases are subject to governmental control measures and are monitored closely by relevant regulatory bodies. The most severe diseases may require the culling and disposal of the entire stock, disinfection of the farm and a long subsequent fallow period for preventative measures to stop the disease from spreading. In addition, market access could be impeded by strict border controls, not only for salmon from the infected farm, but also for products originating from a wider geographical area surrounding the site of an outbreak. Continued disease problems may also attract negative media attention and public concerns.

 

Salmon farming has historically experienced several episodes of extensive disease outbreaks. We have, and may in the future, experience extensive disease outbreaks. Epidemic outbreaks of diseases may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow. Set forth below is a description of the major diseases that have affected our operations:

 

·                  Gill disease, or GD, is a general term used to describe gill pathology occurring in seawater which may be caused by different infectious agents such as amoebae, viruses or bacteria, as well as environmental factors including algal or jelly-fish blooms. Little is known about the cause of many of the gill conditions and to what extent infection or environmental factors are primary or secondary causes of disease. Gill damage can lead to respiratory distress which can cause significant mortality. Currently there is no general cure applicable to all types of GD. In 2012, we experienced a dramatic increase in the prevalence of a particular type of GD called Amoebic Gill Disease, or AGD, in Scotland and Ireland which is caused by a ubiquitous microscopic marine amoebic parasite. AGD was also treated in Norway and the Faroe Islands in 2013. There is no vaccine for AGD, but treatment in freshwater or hydrogen peroxide baths, when used systematically and in a coordinated manner, limits the impact of the disease.

 

·                  Infectious Salmon Anemia, or ISA, is an infectious viral disease causing severe anemia for the infected fish. The disease has been reported in Norway, Scotland, Ireland, the Faroe Islands, Canada, the United States and Chile. ISA is subject to strict governmental control measures and will normally prompt compulsory culling of the entire stock and a subsequent fallow period. Suspected farms and farms in the vicinity of an outbreak will be placed under surveillance and subject to strict movement controls. The risk of an outbreak increases strongly with proximity to the source of infection, poor quality smolt and insufficient fallow periods. Vaccines have been developed the recent years, but their effectiveness varies when exposed to severe infection pressure. The infected fish represent no health risk for humans and may in most jurisdictions be sold in the open market if it is without clinical signs of disease and above marketable size, which is approximately 1.2 kilograms. Fish below this size will normally be destroyed. ISA has significant potential adverse consequences for us and the salmon farming industry in general. The serious ISA epidemic hitting Chile in 2007 to 2009 led to the closure of many farms. The disease led to substantial losses in Norway in around 1990, and the epidemic on the Faroe Islands from 2000 to 2005 laid the whole industry on the islands fallow for several years. ISA re-emerged in Chile in 2013, but so far there have been outbreaks only at a limited number of sites. In Norway, we have had two ISA outbreaks in 2014. Both sites were harvested out in the first quarter, and no additional sites have been diagnosed with ISA.

 

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·                  Pancreas Disease, or PD, is an infectious viral disease caused by a salmonid alphavirus, or SAV, and is frequently diagnosed in Norway. More recently and to a lesser extent it was also diagnosed in Scotland and Ireland. The disease attacks the pancreatic tissue, heart and skeletal muscles of the fish and results in lack of appetite, lethargy, reduced health and increased mortality. Chronic outbreaks can last several months and accumulated mortality can be high, normally in the range from 0% to 20%. More important is, however, the chronic damage that can occur to the survivors in terms of reduced growth capacity and scars in skeletal muscle. The scars can appear as patches of decolourisation or melanisation (black pigmentation), cause downgrading and make the product unsuitable for smokehouses. Approved vaccines exist, but the effectiveness is variable when infection prevalence increases. PD is subject to governmental control measures. Norway experienced a significant increase in PD outbreaks in 2012, mainly resulting from the SAV2 virus, which is one of six known genetic variants of the SAV virus and generally regarded as less pathogenic than other variants. The increased number of diagnoses is a concern for the further spread of the disease in Norway, but the number of PD outbreaks was lower in 2013 than in 2012. PD was still the number one cause of losses in the Group in 2013, with substantial fish losses in Ireland.

 

·                  Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation, or HSMI, is another infectious disease which in recent years has become widespread in Norway and Scotland. The disease affects the fish’s heart and skeletal musculature, normally in the first half of the seawater phase, with increased mortality, reduced health and periods of reduced growth being the most important loss factors. Mortality normally varies from 0% to 20%. As HSMI often occurs or intensifies following grading, movement and other similar events which may create a stressful environment for the fish, the disease leads to challenges in relation to sea lice treatments and other events necessitating fish movement. HSMI is assumed to be a viral disease, but the exact cause of the disease is not yet fully understood. Vaccines are under development, but are currently not in use in the industry.

 

·                  Cardiomyopathy Syndrome, or CMS or heart rupture, is a disease primarily affecting the heart with secondary circulation failure and liver damage. The disease has been observed in Scotland, Ireland and the Faroe Islands, and has been increasingly diagnosed in Norway in the recent years. It is also suspected of being present in Canada. CMS affects farmed salmon in the seawater phase and during transportation to the primary processing plants. Occasionally, mortality may reach 30%, but it is usually much lower. Because the disease normally affects the fish at the end of the production cycle when the fish is ready for harvest, the economic losses can be substantial even though the rate of fish mortality is not high. There is no medical treatment or vaccine available for the disease.

 

·                  Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis, or IPN, is an infectious viral disease caused by a Birnavirus found throughout the world in a number of wild fish species both in freshwater and in seawater. IPN is prevalent in Norway, but is also found in Scotland and Chile. The disease is highly contagious, attacks the pancreas and causes swelling, lack of appetite, abnormal swimming and darkening of the skin of the fish. Juveniles and seawater phase smolt are more vulnerable to the disease and mortality could reach 40% in these phases. Outbreaks may necessitate a greater degree of handling resulting in extra stress which may lead to increased mortality in already weakened fish. Surviving fish may develop a persistent lifelong infection. IPN is a significant cause of loss in Norway. Commercial vaccines are available, but the effectiveness of the vaccine is variable under high infection pressure.

 

·                  Infectious Haematopoietic Necrosis, or IHN, is an infectious viral disease/virus found naturally in wild Pacific salmon. Atlantic salmon are very sensitive to the virus and could be exposed to wild fish infection in the sea. Epidemic outbreaks of IHN have been reported mainly on the Pacific Coast of Canada and the United States, but the virus is also found in continental Europe and Japan. The disease has several similarities with ISA, but is far more contagious. The disease can lead to mortality up to 80%, and mortality is particularly high for young fish. An effective vaccine is available.

 

·                  Salmonid Rickettsial Septicaemia, or SRS, is caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis, a parasitic intracellular bacterium that causes a fatal septicaemic condition of salmonids. SRS occurs mainly in Chile, but has also been found in Norway, Scotland and Canada. The disease typically leads to mortality between 10% and 30%, but mortality in Chile has, at times, reached up to 90%. Other symptoms are loss of appetite and lethargy. The disease is mainly controlled by vaccination and antibiotics and thus far the industry has been

 

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able to manage the disease. However, there is a significant risk of the dependence on antibiotics and risk of SRS becoming resistant towards commonly used drugs.

 

Other diseases include Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia, Bacterial kidney disease, furunculosis, vibrio, Saprolegnia parasitica and others. Today there exist vaccine protections or cures for many of these diseases, but the effectiveness of such treatments still vary.

 

New diseases could arise and excessive use of antibiotics by the industry could result in bacterial species developing antibiotic resistance and reviving diseases which today are subject to effective control. Exposure to any of these or other diseases may result in downgrading, slower growth rates, increased mortality and increased prevention and treatment costs. None of these diseases are harmful for humans and there is no health risk for the consumer and, typically, infected fish can be sold in the market. Any of the foregoing may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.

 

Our salmon may be infected with Kudoa thyrsites parasites, causing soft flesh issues.

 

Our salmon in the past has been and may in the future be infected by the parasite Kudoa thyrsites, or Kudoa, commonly called “soft flesh” syndrome. Kudoa is naturally present in wild fish throughout the world. It is particularly prevalent on the Pacific Coast of Canada and the United States. Kudoa infects salmon’s muscle cells without causing any illness in live fish. Upon harvesting of the infected fish, spores from the parasite spreads through the body of the fish and activates the breakdown of the fish’s flesh, turning it soft and doughy three to ten days after the harvest. Kudoa represents no health risk for the consumer, but it can result in product downgrades, customer claims or discounts. Soft-flesh condition presents a significant challenge to the fish farming industry because it propagates a consumer stigma of farmed fish products. Because Kudoa can be difficult to detect during harvesting and primary processing, the effects of infection are not seen until after the fish has been delivered to the customer and, thus, the economic and reputational impact of Kudoa can be substantial. Even where Kudoa can be detected before the product reaches the customer, the product must be substantially downgraded or discarded, leading to a reduction in the commercial value of the fish. Downgraded fish is generally sold at prices substantially lower than superior quality fish.

 

Our Canadian salmon operations have experienced significant Kudoa challenges during recent years, resulting in substantial product downgrades. For the year ended December 31, 2013, the loss related to downgrading and customer claims amounted to NOK 16.9 million, compared to NOK 63.0 million in 2012.

 

We may experience Kudoa infections in our Canadian or other operations in the future, which may have a material adverse effect on our revenues, costs and business reputation.

 

Our fish stocks can be depleted by biological factors such as algal blooms, low oxygen levels and fluctuating seawater temperatures.

 

Our salmon farming operations are subject to a number of biological risks which may impact profitability and cash flows through adverse effects on growth, harvest weight, harvest volume, mortality, downgrading percentage and claims from customers. The biological factors that can affect our fish are algal blooms, jelly fish, contaminants, low oxygen levels and fluctuating seawater temperatures.

 

Algae and jelly fish are natural organisms with global prevalence in water environments. Most species of algae and jelly fish are harmless and serve as energy producers at the base of the food chain. Occasionally and when conditions are optimal, algae or jelly fish populations grow rapidly into a bloom and accumulate near the surface of the water. Algae can reduce the available oxygen in the water leading to reduced growth of the fish and in some cases to death from suffocation. Some algae species physically clog the gills leading to impaired gill function and respiratory distress and a few species produce potent fish toxins. Harmful algae represent a particular risk in fish farming because fish in cages cannot swim away as they would do in the wild. Jelly fish may accumulate on the net pens affecting water flow and oxygen levels. Some types of jelly fish can damage skin or gills and cause death. Blooms of algae and jelly fish are largely dependent on local marine, weather and temperature conditions. Algae and jelly fish have, from time to time, led to losses at individual sites, and represent a general threat to any open net cage facility. No uniform response is suitable for all types of algae and jelly fish and fish losses due to harmful algae and jelly fish blooms are difficult to predict and prevent.

 

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Our attempts to manage the exposure to biological risk factors and our countermeasures may not be effective. Our inability to control biological risks and costs associated with their prevention and counteractions may have a material adverse effect on our costs and production.

 

Our fish stocks are subject to risks associated with fish escapes and predation.

 

Salmon escapes are most commonly caused by human error, severe weather and structural issues at our production facilities. In addition to affecting our salmon count, escaped farmed salmon may impact wild salmon stocks by genetic interaction and the risk of transferring disease and may result in negative publicity and penalties or other sanctions from governmental authorities (including, in some cases, criminal charges) which could also affect our licenses.

 

We are also exposed to risks relating to predation and our inability to protect our fish from predators may significantly affect our fish count and adversely impact our results of operation. Our salmon is subject to prey by other animals, such as otters, herons, shags, cormorants, gulls, seals, sea lions and minks, which can affect our salmon count. The risk of predation in some cases results in the need for predator killing. Although killing predators is not a preferred option, it is in some cases the only alternative (e.g., birds may be caught in the protective netting) in order to protect the health and welfare of our fish, to avoid escapes and to protect the infrastructure and in cases of eminent danger to our employees. Increased incidents of interactions with predators increase our operating costs, expose us to liability from regulators and attract negative publicity.

 

Intense production may result in physical deformities, cataracts and other production related deformities, leading to downgrading and/or loss of biomass as well as to reputational harm.

 

The biological limits for how fast fish can grow have been challenged as the aquaculture industry has intensified its production. Intensive farming methods may cause production-related disorders in particular relating to physical deformities and cataracts. Research has shown that deformities can be caused by excessively high water temperatures of more than 14 degrees Celsius (57 degrees Fahrenheit) during the fish’s early life in freshwater, too little phosphorous or imbalanced mineral content in the diet, manipulation of light (simulation of daylight) to speed up the rate of growth, acidic water, too much carbon dioxide in the water during the freshwater phase and too rapid growth in the freshwater phase. These may lead to financial losses in the form of reduced growth and health, reduced quality on harvesting and damage to the industry or our reputation.

 

Our fish stocks may be exposed to contaminants such as dioxins, PCB, mycotoxins, pesticides, anti-oxidants, brominated flame retardants, lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium, leading to product recalls, product liability, negative publicity and government sanctions.

 

Farmed salmon may be exposed to contamination by undesirable substances through raw materials and ingredients in the fish feed, polluted waters, poor processing hygiene and cross contamination during handling. Contamination could occur accidentally or on rare occasions deliberately through malicious product tampering and may affect food safety, fish health and the environment, and reduce the public’s confidence in eating salmon. Potential contaminants include organic contaminants such as dioxins and PCB, mycotoxins, pesticides, anti-oxidants (such as ethoxyquin, BHA and BHT), brominated flame retardants, inorganic contaminants such as lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium and bacterial contamination. Future accidents that result in product contamination could result in recall of our products, product liability, negative publicity and government sanctions.

 

Our fish may be exposed to oil or petroleum products and other pollutants from open seas resulting in fish mortality and rendering the surviving fish inedible.

 

Fish farming is operated in open net cage systems located in marine environment and is hence exposed to the pollution of open seas. Coastal waterways are subject to traffic by large cargo carriers. This represents an environmental hazard in the form of a potential oil leak or spill. Oil or petroleum products floating into a farm will severely affect the fish’s ability for normal oxygen uptake, increase fish mortality and shed an unpleasant taste on surviving fish, which practically makes the fish inedible. Our concentrated location of farms in certain regions increases the vulnerability in case of oil spills. Oil spills and other pollution from accidents will accordingly affect farming locations adversely and may have a material adverse effect on our harvests.

 

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Inclement weather, such as extreme temperature or storms, could hurt our stocks, negatively affect our operations and damage our facilities.

 

The rate at which farmed salmon grows depends in part on weather conditions. Unusually warm or cold temperatures and altered oxygen levels in the sea resulting from annual variations can have a short-term, but significant, negative impact on growth rates and fish feed consumption. In addition, extreme weather in the regions where we operate, such as extreme temperatures, hurricanes, floods or other storms, could cause impairment of the health or growth of our fish or result in fish escape, loss of biomass, fish mortality, lost feeding days, repair costs relating to damage of facilities or interference with our shipping operations and could affect our business due to power outages; fuel shortages; damage to infrastructure from powerful winds, rising water or extreme temperatures; disruption of shipping channels; less efficient or non-routine operating practices necessitated by adverse weather or increased costs of insurance coverage in the aftermath of such events. Any of these factors could materially and adversely affect our operations. We may not be able to recover through insurance all or any of the damages, losses or costs that may result from weather events, including those that may be caused by climate change.

 

We derive a significant percentage of our revenue from our operations in Chile. Because Chile is prone to earthquakes due to its proximity to several major fault lines, our Chilean business may be adversely affected by seismic or climatic events or natural disasters. In February 2010, a major earthquake followed by a tsunami struck Chile. A similar earthquake, tsunami or any other catastrophic event arising from natural causes may have significant negative consequences for our operations and for the general infrastructure in Chile.

 

Disruptions to our supply chain may impair our ability to bring our products to market.

 

We source and transport our salmon over long distances. These products are often perishable and can only be stored for a limited amount of time. Disruptions to our supply chain due to weather, natural disaster, fire or explosion, terrorism, pandemics, strikes, government action, environmental incidents or other reasons beyond our control could impair our ability to bring our products to the market (timely or at all).

 

We are exposed to risks relating to biological events or natural phenomena, for which insurance coverage is expensive, limited and potentially inadequate.

 

Our business operations entail a number of adverse biological risks, including risks relating to sea lice, fish mortality, diseases, fish escapes and predation and other biological risks. As is typical in the industry, we have limited insurance coverage against adverse biological events. For certain biological events, it is currently not possible to obtain insurance coverage at all or at premiums that we consider to be commercially viable. The fish farming insurance industry is characterized by a limited number of providers. Even for insurable biological events, the coverage often involves a significant deductible in the form of an insurance excess or requirements regarding mortality per net cage or site. Coverage may furthermore be dependent on the insurance value of the fish, which may be at positive or negative variance with the book value. There will always be a risk that certain biological events or natural phenomena may occur for which no or only partial insurance coverage is payable.

 

Risks Related to Our Industry

 

Our facilities may be the target of sabotage by environmental organizations.

 

Some environmental organizations have stated aims to eradicate salmon farming. The degree of doctrinal belief varies from group to group, and the majority limit themselves to spreading information about fish farming which may or may not be accurate. However, a risk of sabotage (i.e., damage to production facilities with the intention of hurting us financially and/or exposing us to negative media coverage) cannot be ruled out and may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.

 

The farmed salmon industry has been, and may continue to be, subject to negative press, which may adversely affect consumers’ perception of the industry and therefore consumers’ willingness to purchase farmed seafood.

 

Farmed salmon has in some instances been subject to critical journalism from various research communities and NGOs, such as environmental organizations and animal rights groups, which may negatively affect

 

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consumer attitudes towards farmed salmon. Such negative consumer attitudes may result in lower demand for our products. This type of publicity has resulted, and may in the future result, in temporary damage to the industry and various perceived health concerns, including the level of organic contaminants and cancer-causing PCB and dioxins in farmed salmon. New perceived health concerns, whether or not substantiated, or food safety issues relating to farmed salmon may arise in the future, which could affect our ability to market our products. Negative press may continue or intensify and such stories may increase in magnitude, resulting in harm to our reputation or lower demand for our products.

 

Risks Related to Our Business

 

We derive nearly all of our revenue from sales of and are heavily dependent on the market for Atlantic salmon.

 

Our business consists primarily of raising and selling Atlantic salmon. Atlantic salmon accounted for 91.0% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2013 and we expect this trend to continue for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, our business is heavily dependent on the market for Atlantic salmon. Consumer preferences often change rapidly and without warning, moving from one trend to another among many products. Shifts in consumer preferences away from Atlantic salmon would have a material adverse effect on our revenue.

 

We rely heavily on the services of key personnel.

 

We depend substantially on the leadership of a small number of executive officers and other key employees. The loss of the services of these persons could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, many regions where we operate are remote areas and the location of our production facilities makes it difficult to attract the necessary employee resources. Also, we may not be able to attract, retain and train the new management personnel we need for our new operations, including our newly created Fish Feed segment, or do so at the pace necessary to sustain our growth.

 

The construction and potential benefits of our new fish feed facility are subject to risks and uncertainties.

 

In 2012, we broke ground on a fish feed plant in Bjugn, Norway. As of December 31, 2013, construction of the feed plant was on schedule and on budget with regards to completion and we expect the first deliveries to reach our farms in June/July 2014. The budget for the project was approximately NOK 825 million. Our ability to complete the construction on a timely basis and within budget, or at all, is subject to a number of risks, including carrying out and completing construction as planned and launching the fish feed production process.

 

In addition, fish feed is a new business for us. Our ability to achieve the expected benefits of the plant is subject to uncertainties, as we have no experience with operating a fish feed production facility. We may be unable to operate the plant to achieve the results that we expect.

 

We are subject to risks associated with our international operations and our expansion into emerging markets, which may negatively affect our operations.

 

We have fish farming operations in six countries and secondary processing plants in Norway, Ireland, France, the United States, the Netherlands, Belgium, Poland, the Czech Republic, Chile, Japan, Taiwan and South Korea. The acquisition of Morpol expanded our secondary processing operations in Poland and added secondary processing activities in United Kingdom and Vietnam. In addition, in 2013 we sold our products in 70 countries worldwide. We are subject to various risks and uncertainties relating to our international operations, including:

 

·                  the imposition of or increase in tariffs, quotas, trade barriers and other trade protection measures imposed by countries regarding the importation of fish and fish products, in addition to import or export licensing requirements imposed by various countries;

 

·                  corruption;

 

·                  the impact of currency exchange rate fluctuations between various currencies, particularly the USD, the NOK, the EUR, the GBP and the CAD;

 

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·                  political, social and economic conditions;

 

·                  difficulties and costs associated in complying with, and enforcement of remedies under, a wide variety of complex domestic and international laws;

 

·                  different regulatory structures and unexpected changes in regulatory environments;

 

·                  differing tax rates and tax regimes; and

 

·                  distribution costs, disruptions in shipping or reduced availability of freight transportation.

 

Negative consequences relating to these risks and uncertainties could jeopardize or limit our ability to transact business in one or more of those markets where we currently operate, or where we may seek to operate in the future.

 

We are also subject to economic risks and uncertainties in the countries in which we operate. Any slowdown in the development of these economies, any deterioration or disruption of the economic environment in these countries, or any reduction in private sector spending may have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

We may be involved in legal disputes.

 

We may from time to time be involved in legal disputes. We could be involved in criminal or civil proceedings related to, among others, product liability, environmental, food safety, anti-competition regulations or anti-bribery regulations or other types of disputes which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow. In particular, we are engaged in a legal dispute in Canada with a private citizen over transfer of smolt into one seawater site in which the citizen alleges that the smolt were carrying a disease agent. We are also engaged in arbitration proceedings against a former director of Marine Harvest Chile and Salmones Sur Austral S.A. over certain contractual benefits and obligations. Salmones Sur Austral S.A. has countersued Marine Harvest for breach of contract and indemnification of damages, which were valued at USD 42 million. In June 2013, we lost an arbitration case and were ordered to pay USD 12.3 million as indemnification for breach of contract.  We are currently appealing that decision. On March 6, 2014, Salmones Sur Austral S.A. initiated collection procedures, asking for the payment of the USD 12.3 million awarded in the arbitration case. The court granted Salmones Sur Austral S.A.’s request to seize biomass owned by Marine Harvest Chile at two sites, Chequián and Peldehue. Marine Harvest has opposed the collection procedures and the seizure of the assets, alleging lack of jurisdiction of the court, and has also requested court authorization to release the fish for sale, on the condition that the proceeds from such sale be deposited in escrow. Permission to harvest the fish was granted on April 25. The proceeds from the sale will be deposited in escrow up to an amount of USD 6.4 million per site. We may also be subject to legal disputes arising from breaches of government regulations. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Business—Legal Proceedings.”

 

We depend on the availability of, and good relations with, our employees.

 

We had 10,676 employees as of December 31, 2013, approximately 35% of whom are covered by collective bargaining agreements. Our operations depend on the availability, retention and relative costs of labor and maintaining satisfactory relations with employees and the labor unions. Labor relations issues may arise from time to time. Failing to maintain satisfactory relations with our employees or with the labor unions may result in labor strikes, slowdowns, work stoppages or other labor disputes. We are in the process of restructuring our VAP Europe operations. Accordingly, there has been a slowdown in production at our Rennes and Kritsen operations, as well as a strike at Kritsen in Poullaouen, France.

 

We depend on a small number of contractors for key industry supplies, such as fish feed and well boats.

 

We depend on major industry suppliers of well boats and fish feed. We rent most of our well boats that we use to transport our fish and, in some cases, harvest the fish. In addition, we currently purchase all of our fish feed requirements from third parties. There are a limited number of key suppliers of these items in our industry. Some of these suppliers may go out of business or discontinue production of the products we require for our operations. Failure to maintain good business relationships with these suppliers may lead to higher prices or inability to acquire optimal products for our operation. If these suppliers go out of business, fail to deliver the agreed upon amount of

 

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products, stop doing business with us or materially increase their prices, it may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.

 

Natural disasters, catastrophes, fire or other unexpected events could cause significant losses for our primary and secondary processing operations.

 

Many of our business activities involve substantial investments in primary and secondary processing facilities and many of our products are produced at a limited number of locations. These facilities could be materially damaged by natural disasters, such as floods, tornados, hurricanes and tsunamis, or by fire or other unexpected events. We could incur uninsured losses and liabilities arising from such events, including damage to our reputation, and/or suffer material losses in operational capacity.

 

Some steps of the production process are outside of our control.

 

We purchase seafood as an input in some of our secondary processing activities. In particular, we purchase cod, Alaska pollock, shrimp, plaice, redfish and pangasius (a type of catfish native to Asia) from third parties to be used in our secondary processing operations. We do not control the production process for the seafood we purchase and it may contain bacteria or other foreign elements that are harmful or prohibited under the laws of the countries in which we distribute our product. Failure to identify such foreign elements may result in increased government scrutiny, trade prohibitions, harm to our reputation, remediation costs and negative press.

 

In addition, we distribute the majority of our products through secondary processors and distributors with the majority of our product branding occuring further down the production chain. As such, we do not control the brand under which our products are sold and may be identified adversely with other companies’ products which do not meet our standards. Also, our customers may choose to purchase salmon from another provider without the end customer being made aware of the change in salmon providers. Accordingly, our reputation may be damaged and we may be unable to build brand loyalty.

 

Risks Related to Acquisitions and Expansions

 

We may not achieve the expected benefits of the Morpol acquisition.

 

We acquired Morpol with the expectation that the acquisition would result in various benefits to us, including expansion of our secondary processing capabilities. Some of those benefits may not be achieved or, if achieved, may not be achieved in the time frame in which they are expected. Also, any benefits may not outweigh the management and personnel resources which will need to be diverted from our operations to achieve those benefits. Whether we will actually realize anticipated benefits depends on future events and circumstances, some of which are beyond our control. Future growth in revenues, earnings and cash flow will be partly dependent on future economic conditions and conditions in the seafood industry. Also, the potential synergies we currently anticipate may not be realized.

 

Our inability to effectively integrate the business and operations of Morpol with our own could disrupt our operations and force us to incur unanticipated costs.

 

Our ability to integrate Morpol’s operations with our own will be important to the future success of the combined Group. However, the acquisition of Morpol may not improve, and may even adversely affect, our results of operations, and the integration of Morpol into our existing business may expose us to additional risks and losses unknown as of the date of this annual report. Achieving the anticipated benefits of the acquisition of Morpol depend in part on our ability to integrate Morpol’s businesses in an effective and efficient manner. The process of integrating the operations of the organizations is expected to take time and we may be unable to accomplish the integration smoothly or successfully. Our failure to do so may result in a significant diversion of management’s time from on-going business matters, and may have a material adverse effect on the business, results of operation and financial condition of the combined company.

 

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If we are unable to retain key Morpol personnel or maintain Morpol’s corporate culture—our business may suffer.

 

The success of the Morpol acquisition will depend in part on our ability to retain key personnel currently employed by Morpol. We may be unable to do so. If key employees terminate their employment, management’s attention might be diverted from successfully integrating Morpol’s operations to hiring suitable replacements, and our business may suffer. In addition, we might not be able to locate suitable replacements for any key employees that leave Morpol. Morpol’s founder and former CEO, Jerzy Malek, left Morpol along with two senior executives in 2013. We may be unable to find suitable replacements for these individuals.

 

Furthermore, Morpol maintains a unique corporate culture. We may be unable to maintain that corporate culture or otherwise integrate Morpol’s culture into our own. Failure to do so may have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

We would be adversely affected if we expand our business through acquisitions or greenfield projects but fail to successfully integrate them or run them efficiently or retain the associated fish farming licenses.

 

We regularly evaluate expansion opportunities such as acquiring other businesses or building new processing plants, fish farming operations or fish feed plants. Significant expansion involves risks such as additional debt incurred to finance the acquisition or expansion and risks relating to integrating the acquired business or new plant or farm into our operations and attracting and retaining customers. If we are unable to integrate acquired businesses or newly formed operations, expansion may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow. In many jurisdictions there are consents or other regulatory requirements to be met when there is a change in ownership in a company holding fish farming licenses. When making acquisitions we run the risk of being denied the necessary consents from governmental bodies.

 

Developments related to antitrust investigations by government regulators could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, as well as our reputation.

 

We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations that govern our business both in Norway and internationally, including those relating to competition (antitrust). After having approved our takeover of Morpol on September 30, 2013, the European Commission has informed us that it is began investigating whether we have committed an infringement of the suspension obligation and of the notification requirement under the European Merger Regulation by acquiring an initial shareholding in Morpol, before the related acquisition was notified to and approved by the European Commission. The investigation proceedings do not affect the approval granted by the European Commission for our acquisition of Morpol, but may lead to a monetary fine for the infringement of the suspension obligation and of the notification requirement under the European Merger Regulation.

 

While the duration and outcome of the European Commission’s investigation is uncertain, a determination that we have violated European competition (antitrust) laws could result in penalties which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, as well as our reputation. At this point, we cannot estimate the ultimate financial impact resulting from the European investigation.

 

Risks Related to Our Financing Arrangements

 

If we are unable to access capital, we may be unable to grow or implement our strategy as designed.

 

Salmon farming and seafood processing are capital intensive industries. As the production cycle from eggs to finished products takes approximately three years, substantial working capital is required both in a steady state and in particular when increasing production. Our future development and growth may be dependent on access to external capital in the form of debt and/or equity capital. A lack of access to such capital or material changes in the terms and conditions relating to our external financing could limit our future growth and strategy.

 

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We are highly leveraged and subject to restrictions in our financing agreements that impose constraints on our operating and financing flexibility.

 

We have significant indebtedness outstanding including a EUR 775 million syndicated borrowing facility, EUR 725 million principal amount of convertible bonds and NOK 1,250 million principal amount of unsecured bonds. We may need to refinance some or all of our indebtedness and may not be able to do so on attractive terms or at all. We may incur additional debt in the future, subject to limitations under our credit facilities and bond terms. The covenants in our credit facility include the following:

 

·                  our equity ratio must be above 40% at all times; and

 

·                  we must maintain a maximum ratio of net interest bearing debt to EBITDA of 3.25 until the second quarter 2014, declining to 3.00 from (and including) the second quarter 2014. As a consequence of the acquisition of Morpol, the maximum ratio has been temporarily lifted to 3.99 from and including the first quarter of 2013 until the end of the first quarter where consolidation of Morpol occurs or the end of the fourth quarter of 2013 (whichever is earlier). The degree to which we are leveraged could also have important consequences to ADS holders, including:

 

·                  limiting our ability to obtain additional funding for future capital expenditures, working capital requirements, debt service requirements, acquisitions, joint ventures and other general corporate purposes;

 

·                  requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, joint ventures and other general corporate purposes;

 

·                  limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the markets in which we operate;

 

·                  increasing our vulnerability to downturns in our business or in economic conditions generally;

 

·                  placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared with our competitors that have less debt;

 

·                  making it more difficult for us to satisfy our debt obligations; and

 

·                  limiting our ability to pay dividends.

 

Fluctuations in value of our derivatives used to hedge our exposure to salmon prices may adversely impact our operating results.

 

Our business is exposed to fluctuating salmon prices and we use derivative financial instruments to reduce such exposure. We hold certain positions in salmon derivatives that do not qualify as hedges for financial reporting purposes. These positions are marked to fair value and realized and unrealized gains and losses are reported in profit. In addition, although these contracts reduce our exposure to changes in prices for commodity products, the use of such instruments may ultimately limit our ability to benefit from a favorable trend in salmon prices. We also hedge our exposure to salmon prices through short to medium contracts for physical delivery of salmon. Such contracts can adversely affect our profitability when spot prices are increasing.

 

Fluctuations in value of our currency exchange rates may adversely impact our operating results.

 

We are also exposed to changes in currency exchange rates as a part of our business operations. Our reporting currency is NOK, our main financing currencies are EUR, USD, NOK and GBP, and our revenues are primarily denominated in EUR, USD, GBP and JPY. Our main currency exposure is accordingly to EUR, USD, GBP and JPY. Although we seek to hedge our exposure to fluctuations in these currencies, such hedging arrangements may not be effective. Failure to adequately hedge our exposure may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow.

 

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We are subject to fluctuations in interest rates due to the prevalence of floating interest rates in our debt.

 

With the exception of the EUR 725 million principal amount convertible bonds, we are generally financed using floating interest rates. Our hedges (interest rate swaps) against interest rate fluctuations in our main financing currencies (EUR, USD and GBP) related to our non-current interest-bearing debt, may be ineffective in protecting us from the effects of interest rate increases.

 

If our customers fail to fulfill their contractual responsibilities, we may suffer losses.

 

We are exposed to the risk of losses if one or more contractual partners do not meet their obligations. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to recover losses from trade receivables from the credit insurance companies or that our credit evaluations of trading partners will be effective.

 

Risks Related to Climate Change

 

Significant physical effects of climatic change, if they should occur, have the potential to damage fish farming facilities, disrupt production activities and could cause us to incur significant costs in preparing for or responding to those effects.

 

Climate change could have an effect on the severity of weather (including hurricanes and floods), sea levels and temperatures of the seawater and availability of fish feed raw materials. If any such effects were to occur, they may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or on our suppliers.

 

Climatic change rules and regulations, if enacted, could increase the costs of operating our facilities or transporting our product.

 

Climate change and its association with the emission of greenhouse gases are receiving increased attention from the scientific and political communities. Certain countries and regions have adopted or are considering legislation or regulation imposing overall caps or taxes on greenhouse gas emissions from certain sectors or facility categories or mandating the increased use of electricity from renewable energy sources. These actions could increase the costs of operating our businesses and our transportation costs.

 

Risks Related to Our ADSs

 

We are exempt from some of the corporate governance requirements of the New York Stock Exchange.

 

We are a foreign private issuer, as defined by the SEC for purposes of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act. As a result, for so long as we remain a foreign private issuer, we will be exempt from some of the corporate governance requirements of the New York Stock Exchange, or the NYSE. We are permitted to follow the practice of companies incorporated in Norway and listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange in lieu of the provisions of the NYSE’s corporate governance rules, except that:

 

·                  we are required to have an audit committee that satisfies the requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act;

 

·                  we are required to disclose any significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those followed by U.S. domestic companies under NYSE listing standards;

 

·                  our chief executive officer is obligated to promptly notify the NYSE in writing after any of our executive officers becomes aware of any non-compliance with any applicable provisions of the NYSE corporate governance rules; and

 

·                  we must submit an executed written affirmation annually to the NYSE. In addition, we must submit an interim written affirmation as and when required by the interim written affirmation form specified by the NYSE.

 

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The standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to U.S. domestic issuers with shares listed on the NYSE. As a foreign private issuer listed on the NYSE we intend to rely on certain exemptions, including:

 

·                  to not have a compensation committee or corporate governance committee of our Board of Directors as of the date of this annual report; and

 

·                  to use an alternate definition of director independence than that recognized by the NYSE.

 

As a result, holders of our ADSs will not be provided with the benefits of certain corporate governance requirements of the NYSE, which may affect the market price for our shares.

 

We have not yet completed our evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting in compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

 

We will be required to comply with the internal control certification requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in our 2014 annual report. Our preliminary assessment is that our current system of internal controls requires enhancements in order to be compliant with Section 404, and while we intend to achieve compliance within the time required, we may not be able to meet the Section 404 requirements in a timely manner. If it is determined that we are not in compliance with Section 404, we will be required to implement new internal control procedures and re-evaluate our financial reporting. We may experience higher than anticipated operating expenses as well as external auditor fees during the implementation of these changes and thereafter. We will need to hire additional qualified personnel in order for us to be compliant with Section 404. If we fail, for any reason, to implement these changes effectively or efficiently, such failure could harm our operations, financial reporting or financial results and could result in our conclusion that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective.

 

Our ADSs cannot be traded on any exchange outside the United States.

 

Our ADSs are listed only in the United States on the NYSE and we have no plans to list our ADSs in any other jurisdiction. As a result, a holder of our ADSs outside the United States may not be able to effect transactions in our ADSs as readily as the holder would if our securities were listed on an exchange in that holder’s home jurisdiction.

 

Future sales of ADSs or ordinary shares by existing shareholders could cause the price of our ADSs to decline.

 

If our existing significant shareholder who as of December 31, 2013 controlled over 28.6% of Marine Harvest ASA, sells, or indicates an intention to sell, substantial amounts of our ADSs or ordinary shares in the market the trading price of our ADSs could decline significantly. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that future sale of these ADSs or ordinary shares or the availability of these ADSs or ordinary shares for sale will have on the market price of our ADSs.

 

ADS holders have no legal interest in the underlying ordinary shares.

 

ADS holders acquire the beneficial, and not the legal, interest in the underlying ordinary shares, which the depositary holds in trust for them, under the terms of the deposit agreement. The intended effect of the trust is to ring-fence the ordinary shares in the hands of the depositary by conferring a property interest on ADS holders as beneficiaries. The interest of the ADS holders as beneficiaries in trust assets, which are the ordinary shares, is indirect, in the sense that in the normal course they do not have any direct recourse to the ordinary shares nor do they have any direct right of action against us.

 

ADSs may be subject to transfer limitations.

 

ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. The depositary however, may close its transfer books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. In addition, the depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of ADSs generally when our books or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary deem it advisable to do so because of any

 

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requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason in accordance with the terms of the deposit agreement.

 

Because U.S. investors may be unable to participate in future rights offerings, their percentage shareholding may be diluted.

 

Except in limited circumstances, shareholders in Norwegian public limited liability companies have preemptive rights proportionate to the aggregate amount of the shares they hold with respect to new shares issued by the company. For reasons relating to U.S. securities laws or other factors, U.S. investors may not be able to participate in a new issuance of our ordinary shares or other securities and may face dilution as a result. You can find a further description of the preemptive rights of shareholders of Norwegian public companies under “Item 10. Additional Information—B. Memorandum and Articles of AssociationAdditional Issuances and Preferential Rights.”

 

The relative volatility and limited liquidity of the Norwegian securities markets may adversely affect the liquidity and market prices of the ordinary shares and the ADSs.

 

The Norwegian equity market is smaller and less liquid than the major U.S. and some other EU securities markets. The Oslo Stock Exchange is significantly less liquid than the NYSE, or other major exchanges in the world. As of December 31, 2013, the aggregate market capitalization of the Oslo Stock Exchange was equivalent to approximately NOK 265,377.1 million (USD 43,721.67 million). In contrast, as of December 31, 2013, the aggregate market capitalization of the NYSE was approximately USD 17,949,883.8 million. The relative volatility and illiquidity of the Norwegian securities markets may substantially limit your ability to sell the units or ADSs at the time and price you desire (or at all) and, as a result, could adversely impact the market price of these securities.

 

Our ADS holders’ ability to bring an action against us may be limited under Norwegian law.

 

We are a public limited liability company incorporated under the laws of Norway. The rights of holders of ordinary shares underlying ADSs are governed by Norwegian law and by our articles of association. These rights differ from the rights of shareholders in typical U.S. corporations. In particular, Norwegian law limits the circumstances under which shareholders of Norwegian companies may bring derivative actions. Under Norwegian law, any action brought by us in respect of wrongful acts committed against us takes priority over actions brought by shareholders in respect of such acts. In addition, it may be difficult for our ADS holders to prevail in a claim against us under, or to enforce liabilities predicated upon, U.S. securities laws.

 

Judgments of Norwegian courts with respect to the ADSs may be payable only in Norwegian krone.

 

If proceedings are brought in a Norwegian court seeking to enforce the rights of holders of the ADSs, any judgment made in favor of such holders, even if the judgment is on an obligation deemed to be denominated in USD, could be made or awarded in Norwegian krone based on the exchange rate in effect at the time the judgment is entered. The prevailing party in such proceeding would therefore bear exchange rate risk until the judgment could be collected.

 

By purchasing ADSs, holders will irrevocably submit to the jurisdiction of state or federal courts in New York, New York in connection with any legal suit, action or proceeding relating to the deposit agreement or the ADSs.

 

By purchasing ADSs or an interest therein, holders of ADSs irrevocably agree that any legal suit, action or proceeding against or involving us or the ADR depositary, arising out of or based upon the deposit agreement or the ADSs, may only be instituted in a state or federal court in New York, New York, and by purchasing ADSs or an interest therein, holders irrevocably waive any objection to the laying of venue of any such proceeding. We have agreed to indemnify the ADR depositary and its agents under certain circumstances.

 

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Neither the ADR depositary nor any of its agents will be liable for indirect, special, punitive or consequential damages.

 

Neither the ADR depositary nor any of its agents will be liable to holders or beneficial owners of ADSs or interests in ADSs for any indirect, special, punitive or consequential damages (including, without limitation, lost profits) of any form incurred by any person or entity, whether or not foreseeable and regardless of the type of action in which such a claim may be brought.

 

Holders of the ADSs may experience losses due to increased volatility in the U.S. capital markets.

 

The U.S. capital markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations as a result of the global economic and financial crisis and its aftermath that have affected, and continue to affect, the market prices of equity securities of many companies. These fluctuations have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance or results of operations of those companies. These broad market fluctuations, as well as general economic, political and market conditions such as recessions, interest rate changes or international currency fluctuations, as well as volatility in international capital markets, may cause the market price of shares of the ADSs to decline.

 

In addition, on August 5, 2011, S&P lowered the long-term sovereign credit rating of U.S. government debt obligations from AAA to AA+. On August 8, 2011, S&P also downgraded the long-term credit ratings of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises. These actions initially have had an adverse effect on capital markets in the United States and elsewhere, contributing to volatility and decreases in prices of many securities trading on the U.S. national exchanges. Other ratings agencies may, in the short or long-term, also lower the sovereign credit rating of the United States or of other sovereigns. Any volatility in the capital markets in the United States or elsewhere, whether resulting from a downgrade of the sovereign credit rating of U.S. debt obligations or otherwise, may have an adverse effect on the price of the ADSs.

 

Exchange rate volatility may adversely affect the market price of the ADSs and the dividends payable to ADS holders.

 

From time to time, there have been significant fluctuations in the exchange rate between the Norwegian krone and the USD. Unforeseen events in international markets, fluctuations in interest rates, changes in capital flows, political developments or inflation rates may cause exchange rate instability that could, in turn, depress the value of the NOK, thereby decreasing the USD value of the ADSs and any dividends or distributions paid on the ordinary shares underlying the ADSs.

 

Risks Related to Tax Matters

 

We are exposed to potentially adverse changes in the tax regimes of each jurisdiction in which we operate.

 

We have operations in 22 countries around the world, and any of these countries could modify its tax laws in ways that would adversely affect us. Most of our operations are subject to changes in tax regimes in a similar manner as other companies in our industry. Significant changes in the tax regimes of countries in which we operate may have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and results of operation.

 

ITEM 4.    Information on the Company

 

A. History and Development of the Company

 

We were incorporated in Norway on May 18, 1992 pursuant to the Norwegian Public Limited Liability Companies Act. Our organization number in the Norwegian Register of Business Enterprises is 964 118 191. The legal and commercial name of the company is Marine Harvest ASA, a public limited liability company, or allmennaksjeselskap, under Norwegian law.

 

Our principal and registered office is located at Sandviksboder 77 A/B, 5035 Bergen, Norway. Our telephone number at this address is + 47 21 56 23 00. We also have offices in several cities throughout the world.

 

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For further information on important events in the company’s business, see “—B. Business Overview—Business.” For further information on the company’s principal capital expenditures and divestitures, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Capital Expenditures.”

 

B. Business Overview

 

In this annual report we use live weight equivalent, or LWE, which measures the weight of the fish swimming in the sea, and gutted weight equivalent, or GWE (also referred to as head on, gutted, or HOG), which measures the weight of the fish head on, gutted.

 

Overview

 

We are a leading seafood company and the world’s largest producer of farmed salmon, offering fresh salmon, processed salmon and other processed seafood to customers in 70 countries worldwide. We engage in two principle types of activities:

 

·                  fish farming and primary processing of fish in Norway, Scotland, Canada, Chile, Ireland and the Faroe Islands, and

 

·                  secondary processing of seafood in Norway, Chile, Ireland, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Poland, the Czech Republic, Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan and South Korea.

 

Our fish farming operations consist of raising farmed salmon throughout their life cycle, from egg to adult, in a controlled environment and subsequently harvesting and primary processing the fish. The primary processing of fish involves slaughtering and gutting operations. Our customers of our primary processed salmon include our own secondary processing operations, distributors and other secondary processors of salmon.

 

Our secondary processing entails using the gutted fish to prepare products such as fillets, steaks and other portions of fish. Secondary processing activities include packaging the products and further preparation to create ready-to-heat or ready-to-eat products. Our customers of secondary processed salmon include other secondary processors of salmon, retailers such as grocery stores and food service providers such as hotels and other service and catering entities.

 

In 2013, 65% of our sold volume derived from Norway, 8% from Chile, 14% from Scotland, 10% from Canada, and the remaining 3% from the Faroe Islands and Ireland.

 

In 2012, we began transforming ourselves from a production-driven fish farming company into an integrated marine protein producer, expanding into fish feed and broadening our secondary processing operations. To this end, in 2012 we broke ground on a fish feed plant in Norway, which we expect to supply up to 60% of our Norwegian fish feed requirements by 2015 (representing approximately 40% of our global fish feed needs based on 2013 production). As of December 31, 2013, construction of the feed plant was on schedule and on budget with regards to completion and we expect the first deliveries to reach our farms in June/July 2014. Also, in 2012 and 2013, we acquired Morpol, a world leading secondary processor of salmon with processing facilities in Poland, United Kingdom and Vietnam.

 

We harvested 343,772 tons of salmon GWE for the year ended December 31, 2013 and 392,306 tons of salmon GWE in 2012. Our EBIT was NOK 4,661.8 and NOK 1,009.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Our Group Operational EBIT was NOK 3,212.4 and NOK 643.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Our return on capital employed, or ROCE, was 18.5% and 3.9% for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Group Operational EBIT and ROCE are non-IFRS financial measures. See “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for a description of how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and ROCE and for a reconciliation of Group Operational EBIT to EBIT.

 

Corporate Foundation

 

Our foundation is based upon the belief that through cultivating seafood we can produce healthy, nutritious and affordable food for the wider society. The Food and Agricultural Organization estimates that only

 

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approximately 2% of the world’s food supply (including farmed and wild fish harvest) comes from the ocean. We believe that global consumption of seafood will increase in the future, both in terms of overall volumes and as a percentage of global food supply, for the following reasons:

 

·                  Global population growth—the global population is expected to grow from over seven billion in 2013 to over nine billion by 2050, resulting in an increased global demand for food, including proteins;

 

·                  Increasing per capita income in emerging markets—as populations in emerging markets become wealthier, their disposable income and consumption of proteins is expected to increase;

 

·                  Health benefits of seafood—a diet that includes fish one to two times per week helps address obesity and forms part of a healthy lifestyle, according to the American Health Organization;

 

·                  Carbon efficiency of aquaculture—we believe that aquaculture can provide healthy proteins in a carbon efficient way. On the basis of the feed conversion ratio, which measures kilograms of feed needed to increase an animal’s bodyweight by one kilogram, and edible yield, which measures the percentage of the animal that can be consumed, Atlantic salmon provides a more carbon efficient source of proteins than beef, pork or chicken.

 

The wild fish supply is not expected to meet the increased demand for fish driven by the global population growth. According to the Food and Agricultural Organization, the wild fish harvest has been relatively stable since the late 1980s. However, as the global population has increased, the wild fish catch per person has dropped from 17 kilograms per person at its height in 1988 to 13 kilograms in 2012, a 37-year low (in each case including fish not used for human consumption). In contrast, the output from fish farming has increased from 24 million tons per year in the mid-1990s to an estimated 68 million tons in 2013. Fish farming is the only way of securing access to fish protein at an affordable price for the increasing population.

 

We have a challenging and ambitious vision — “Leading the Blue Revolution” — that sets direction and shows possibilities, and our goal is to be the leader in the three key fields of the salmon aquaculture value chain: salmon feed, salmon farming and salmon processing. By integrating the full value chain, we can control our products from feed to fork, which will enable us to be a more efficient producer of salmon and salmon products and allow us to be proactive in addressing challenges related to sustainable feed, farming and processing.

 

The seafood industry must be environmentally and socially sustainable to be profitable over the long term. Our growth must be sustainable from an environmental, social and financial perspective. We need attractive financial results to have the financial strength to drive the sustainable development of our operations. This interdependency has led us to develop four equally important guiding principles for our operations—Profit, Planet, Product and People.

 

·                  Profit: Our profits hinge on our ability to provide customer value from healthy, tasty and nutritious seafood, farmed both cost-effectively and in an environmentally sustainable way that maintains the aquatic environment and respects the needs of the wider society.

 

·                  Planet: Our operations and the long-term profitability ultimately depend on sustainable and environmentally responsible interactions with the natural environment. We rely on qualified personnel to maintain fish health, avoid escapes and minimize the environmental impact of our operations.

 

·                  Product: We aim to continually deliver assuredly healthy, tasty and responsibly produced seafood to our customers to deliver long-term financial profitability.

 

·                  People: Employee safety and employees’ self-respect and personal pride in their work cannot be compromised if we are to succeed as a company with good relationships with the local communities.

 

Our mission is to produce and sell seafood for a better life for our customers (Product), shareholders (Profit), our colleagues (People), all other stakeholders and for the world (Planet). We seek to farm in the ocean through a sustainable model so that fish harvests can grow over time and we aim to be a leader in the continued

 

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development of sustainable protein production. These goals are embodied in our vision: “Leading the Blue Revolution.”

 

Closely linked to our vision are our common values: “Passion,” “Change,” “Trust” and “Share.”

 

·                  Passion for the company and product: Passion is the key to our success and how we make a difference

 

·                  Change is the new “normal”: We are ready for change and continuously work to improve our operations.

 

·                  Trust is essential in everything we do: Our operations provide safe, good and healthy food and we deliver on our promises.

 

·                  Share is the backbone of our more than 10,000 employees: We share knowledge and experiences, we are open and transparent and we cooperate with key stakeholders globally.

 

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The illustration below summarizes how vision, values, strategy and guiding principles in Marine Harvest are connected:

 

GRAPHIC

 

Operational —Strengths and Strategies

 

As a leading seafood company and the world’s largest producer of farmed salmon, we are well-positioned to take advantage of the attractive dynamics in the seafood industry globally, and in particular the salmon farming industry. The key strategies of our business include the following:

 

Strengths

 

Our leading market position allows us to benefit from economies of scale and our geographic diversity reduces our exposure to regional trends

 

We are the largest producer of farmed salmon and, with the acquisition of Morpol, the largest salmon processor in the world. In the year ended December 31, 2013, we harvested 343,772 tons of salmon GWE, compared with 392,306 tons in 2012.

 

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Our size and scale allow us to benefit from economies of scale in farming and processing of fish, as well as to leverage expertise and production methods across our operations, which make us an economically efficient producer of premium quality Atlantic salmon and secondary processed seafood. In addition, our size and scale reduce our exposure to regional trends in salmon prices, disease cycles and other issues with salmon farming that tend to be manifested at a regional rather than a global level.

 

We expect demand for farmed fish, in particular farmed Atlantic salmon, to increase in the coming years and we are well positioned to benefit from an increase in demand

 

We believe that demand for protein, and fish protein in particular, will increase in the future due to an increasing global population and an increasing per capita income in emerging markets. We believe that the health benefits of eating salmon and the carbon efficiency of salmon farming (more efficient feed conversion ratio and edible yield compared to other protein sources such as beef, pork and chicken) will result in an increase in demand for farmed salmon. The feed conversion ratio measures the number of kilograms of feed needed to increase an animal’s bodyweight by one kilogram. For farmed salmon, the ratio is approximately 1.2 kilogram of feed per one kilogram of bodyweight, which is below other animals such as cattle, pigs and chicken, which have feed conversion ratios of 30, three and two kilograms, respectively. Edible yield measures the percentage of an animal that can be consumed by humans. Once harvested, the yield out of one kilogram of salmon is 68% of edible meat. This is significantly higher than pork and chicken which have an edible yield of 52% and 46% respectively. Because wild catch harvest has remained constant in recent decades as wild catch harvest has reached the natural capacity of the ocean for sustainable harvest, farmed fish production will need to increase to meet this anticipated increase in demand. As the world’s largest producer of farmed salmon, we believe that we are well-positioned to benefit from increases in demand in future years.

 

We have established fish farming and processing facilities in a number of countries across four continents

 

We have fish farming operations and primary and secondary processing activities across four continents, enabling us to farm, harvest and process fish closer to our customers, limiting the time required to bring our product to market and expanding our potential customer base.

 

Our vertically integrated business model reduces our exposure to input costs fluctuations and gives us greater control over our operations

 

We believe that there are significant benefits associated with being an integrated producer of salmon, from fish feed production and salmon farming to secondary processing of the fish. These benefits include the following:

 

·                  Our farming operations ensure a consistent supply of high quality salmon as input for our secondary processing operations and reduces our exposure to the volatility in prices of farmed salmon.

 

·                  With the importance of food safety to the consumer, our vertically integrated platform will provide increased traceability from feed to consumption of the salmon product.

 

·                  Controlling the full spectrum of the fish farming process from feed to fork will allow us to meet varying customer specifications—for example, many of our customers demand differentiated products, including organic salmon, and with control over the entire production processes, we will be well-positioned to meet that demand.

 

·                  By producing our own fish feed, we will be able to control the quality of the fish feed, and also the margins that currently goes to the fish feed producers.

 

Our Research and Development promotes fish health and welfare, environmental safety and product quality and food safety

 

Our research and development activities are conducted by experienced technical personnel within our operating segments. R&D activities within the operating segments are supervised by our Global R&D Department. Our R&D activities include research in the areas of biometrics, fish feed and nutrition, fish health and welfare, food safety and product quality, technology and the environment as well as breeding and genetics.

 

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Our research and development efforts help us solve operational challenges faced by our farming and processing operations. We view research and development as crucial for further development and strengthening of the relatively young salmon farming industry. Our technical staff is involved in government and industry-led research projects and programs, and we believe this reflects the strength of our R&D staff. In addition to collaboration with and outsourcing of R&D activities to external research institutions, we own and operate three research facilities in Norway, Scotland and Chile.

 

Our experienced management team and technicians maintain institutional knowledge and increase efficiency

 

Our management team consists of highly experienced professionals in the seafood industry, with backgrounds across all disciplines of seafood cultivation and processing and significant experience managing a vertically integrated platform. We believe that our emphasis on research and development, nutrition, health and quality assurance has made us a technological leader in the industry. Some of our accomplishments include the identification of the major gene controlling IPN resistance in the Mowi strain broodstock and farming our own wrasse, a cleaner fish used to combat sea lice. We have also started a trial project for land-based post-smolt production.

 

Our chairman, Ole-Eirik Lerøy, and CEO, Alf-Helge Aarskog, aspire to be pro-active in their management of our business by identifying opportunities in the markets we serve. We continue to look and position ourselves for future growth. Recently, our management team has positioned us for vertical integration through the introduction of fish feed production and expansion within secondary processing through the acquisition of Morpol and the construction of more facilities.

 

We also have a vast network of highly trained, knowledgeable technicians who manage our farms and processing facilities. We believe that such institutional knowledge and human resource capital enable us to operate our farms and processing facilities more efficiently.

 

Strategies

 

Maintain rigorous controls over our operations help to ensure safe, innovative, quality Products

 

We believe that we deliver healthy, tasty and responsibly produced seafood to our customers supported by our quality assurance systems and controls. These controls include monitoring programs for microbiology, residue and nutritional value. We also continue to invest in research and development projects and activities to improve product quality-related parameters. Production and processing of fish is a complex and heavily regulated process. Strict adherence to regulations, license terms and best practices is necessary to ensure that the seafood we produce meets our rigorous safety and quality standards as well as regulatory standards. To this end, we have established Group-wide standards and controls to help us comply with applicable regulations and best practices. For example, we adhere to the Best Aquaculture Practices and the Aquaculture Stewardship Council’s guidance on environmentally responsible salmon farming. We are also implementing a new standard for sustainable salmon farming, called the ASC salmon Standard, promulgated by Salmon Aquaculture Dialogue, with the goal of having all of our farms certified by 2020.

 

In 2013, we also strengthened our product innovation and branding efforts, introducing three new brands to the market (Olav’s — fresh salmon portions with a sauce, Supreme Salmon — a flagship restaurant, store and retail brand and the re-launch of the Sterling brand for Canadian salmon in the US business to business market). In order to cater to our customers’ increased attention to salmon products, we also work to continuously strengthen our customer relationships and strive to achieve seafood category leadership with all our retail customers.

 

Lead sustainability and environmental movement in aquaculture to help preserve our Planet

 

Sustainability is a prerequisite for long-term value creation in salmon farming. We are focused on reducing our carbon footprint by optimizing our use of energy throughout our value chain. Efficient use of fish feed is a key variable in reducing our carbon footprint. By reducing the animal content of the fish feed and replacing it with more carbon efficient sources, we are reducing our own carbon footprint and improving sustainability of our operations. Fish feed is one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the fish farming value chain, and the cost of

 

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feed represented approximately half of our “cost in box” in 2013. The efficient use of fish feed is therefore key to both profitability and improving our carbon footprint.

 

Climate change poses a potential challenge to our industry. Fish farming is dependent on thriving aquatic ecosystems which are particularly vulnerable to the effects of a warming planet. Rising ocean temperatures and ocean acidification are the two main threats our business may face due to climate change. As climate change could potentially entail detrimental effects for our industry, it is important that we do our part to contribute to reducing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, both through providing a more climate friendly protein alternative and by reducing our own emissions.

 

Furthermore, we remain focused on energy consumption in our operations and seafood processing. We monitor energy use and work on identifying steps in our value chain to improve energy efficiency. In 2013, we were recognized for our transparency in climate reporting when, for the first time, we achieved a top position in the Carbon Disclosure Project’s, or CDP, Nordic 260 Carbon Disclosure Leadership Index. This annual index, compiled by FirstCarbon Solutions on behalf of CDP, highlights those companies listed on the Nordic stock exchanges that have displayed a strong approach to the disclosure of information relating to climate change.

 

We believe our commitment to the ASC salmon Standard and our commitment to a major industry-led sustainability initiative, the Global Salmon Initiative, where 15 global salmon producers have taken the initiative towards greater industry cooperation and transparency in order to achieve significant and continuous progress in industry sustainability, are important initiatives for bringing about change in the industry.

 

Upstream and downstream integration to deliver Profit, improve the quality of our Product, lower the impact on our Planet and ensure development of our People

 

We refer to activities occurring after farming (i.e., secondary processing) as downstream operations and activities occurring prior to farming (i.e., feed production) as upstream operations. During 2013, capital was re-invested to strengthen our three pillars: Feed, Farming and Sales and Marketing. As of December 31, 2013, construction of the feed plant in Bjugn, Norway was on schedule and on budget with regards to completion and we expect the first deliveries to reach our farms in June/July 2014. We are also considering the construction of a second plant in Norway. We will pursue selective acquisitions in Norway and Chile in order to substantially increase our share of global salmon production. By integrating the full value chain, we can control our products from feed to fork, be more proactive in addressing challenges related to sustainable feed, farming and processing and supply the world with healthy innovative seafood products.

 

Integrated production helps us stabilize our costs, control quality of our products and improve efficiency. With upstream integration into fish feed production and a world-leading farming and secondary processing platform, we are well-positioned to become a leading, global, integrated protein producer. Over time, upstream and downstream integration is expected to result in more stable earnings and unlock future growth. We will be less exposed to the cyclicality of salmon prices and better able to control the quality of our products. Although our primary focus is on salmon, with approximately 91.0% of our revenue derived from salmon products in 2013, we also produce halibut and we may expand into other fish species in the future.

 

Promote upstream integration—by establishing our first fish feed production facility

 

Fish feed is the single most significant cost in the production of Atlantic salmon. Fish feed is also important with regards to sustainability and quality of the end product. We are currently constructing a 220,000 ton per annum fish feed plant located in Bjugn, Norway, which at full capacity is expected to account for approximately 60% of our Norwegian fish feed needs (representing approximately 40% of our total global fish feed needs), based on our 2013 production. We selected the location and the size of the plant, based on the location of the majority of our farming sites in Norway. We expect the plant to reach full capacity by 2015. Fish feed production is a new field of operation for us, and, by establishing our first factory, we seek to increase our knowledge of fish feed ingredients and better understand how to adapt the feed to our fish. We believe the fish feed plant will strengthen the production side of our business model, secure access to high quality fish feed and improve our ability to control, trace and understand the key input of our product. We continue to explore other alternatives in expanding our fish feed operations.

 

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Promote downstream integration by constructing greenfield secondary processing facilities and acquisition of Morpol

 

In line with our strategy to expand our secondary production capacity, our new greenfield secondary processing facility in Boulogne Sur Mer, France commenced operations in May 2012. The 8,000 square meter processing and packing plant engages in secondary processing of salmon and white fish. In addition, in 2012 we opened a small processing line in the Czech Republic and a new greenfield factory in Osaka, Japan to produce secondary processed products close to our customers. In 2013, we opened secondary processing facilities in South Korea and Taiwan and we expanded our smoked salmon capacity at our facilities in Belfast, Maine. In December 2013 our Board approved the plan to complete the first section of our secondary processing facilities outside Edinburgh, Scotland, acquired through the Morpol acquisition. The plant is expected to start operations in October 2014, producing fresh fillets and smoked salmon for the UK and export markets.

 

On September 30, 2013, the European Commission approved our acquisition of Morpol, subject to divestment of Morpol’s Scottish farming capacity on Shetland and the Orkneys of approximately 18,000 GWE. We acquired 100% of Morpol on November 12, 2013. Morpol is the world’s largest value-added producer of salmon measured by volume of salmon produced in 2013, and the acquisition is part of our strategy to further integrate our production process and expand our sales in markets where we previously have not been very active. Morpol’s fish processing plant in Ustka, Poland is the largest in Europe as measured by processing capacity in 2013, with 753,000 square foot of space. In 2013, Morpol processed 83,913 tons of salmon GWE. In addition to its secondary processing activities, Morpol has fish farming operations and harvested a total of 29,796 tons GWE of salmon in 2013 from sites in Norway and Scotland, 18,000 tons GWE of which we agreed to divest as discussed further below. Morpol sells primary and secondary processed fish in more than 30 countries in the world and its main markets are Germany, France, the United Kingdom and Italy. Morpol’s revenues for the year ended December 31, 2013 were NOK 4,937 million and its profit after taxes before minority interests was NOK 444 million. Operations held for sale are included in the figures for the first nine months of the year.

 

On March 27, 2014 Marine Harvest announced an agreement to divest its integrated farming operations on the Shetland and Orkney Islands to Cooke Aquaculture Inc. acquired as a part of the Morpol acquisition.  The agreement is conditional on the EU commission approving that the purchaser, the transaction as well as the sales terms satisfy the remedies agreed in the approval of the Morpol acquisition. Closing of the transaction is expected in the second quarter.

 

Product—How We Create Tasty and Healthy Seafood

 

We farm Atlantic salmon and engage in primary and secondary processing of salmon and other seafood. Our main product is Atlantic salmon, with salmon sales accounting for 91.0% and 89.8% of the total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Our non-salmon products include cod, Alaska pollack, shrimp, plaice, redfish and pangasius.

 

Salmon Farming Operations

 

We farm our salmon in Norway, Chile, Scotland, Canada, the Faroe Islands and Ireland.

 

Salmon farming entails transforming salmon eggs to smolt to a full-grown salmon of typically four to five kilogram. The salmon production cycle has five linked phases: freshwater, seawater, harvesting, processing and distribution. Salmon farming follows the same cycle as takes place naturally for wild salmon. The overall life cycle of salmon typically takes between 24 and 36 months, starting in freshwater and involving several stages in freshwater before the young salmon, or smolt, is ready for the sea.

 

The freshwater phase occurs in hatcheries (pools on land) or in freshwater lakes. Initially, broodfish, which are salmon selected for breeding purpose are stripped for eggs. The eggs are then fertilized under controlled conditions, or spawned, and transferred to hatching trays. Once the eggs hatch into alevins, they grow in the hatching trays until they become fry and are ready to be moved into freshwater tanks on land (outdoor or indoor) or to cages in freshwater lakes. The fry grows until it becomes smolt, a stage at which the fish is normally between 60 and 120 grams and is ready to transition into the seawater phase, a process called smoltification.

 

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In the seawater phase smolt are transferred to seawater in large tanks on trucks and in boats known as well boats. During the journey, the salinity of the water is gradually increased to approach the natural salinity of seawater. The smolt are then transferred to net pens in seawater. The seawater phase lasts until salmon reaches a harvest weight of typically four to five kilograms over a period of 14 to 20 months. The grow-out facilities used for fish at sea are circular or square pens (either steel or plastic), equipped with a series of floating docks, walkways, moorings, nets, cameras, feed barges and boats. The pens are anchored to the seabed.

 

Our ambition is to apply best production practices across geographies to optimize production in a sustainable way. Managing all of our farming activities in one business area facilitates the transfer of knowledge and best practices within the Group. Close cooperation with our R&D department contributes to improvements in fish health, feeding efficiency and use of medicines. Each geographic operation is fully integrated, with operating units in each country where we farm salmon having full control of the value chain from smolt production and farming, via processing to packaging activities.

 

When salmon reaches market weight, it is harvested. The fish may be gutted at the site at the time of harvesting or at a central point prior to preparing the fish for sale. Fish not yet gutted are transferred to primary processing plants. Fish gutted on site are transported to secondary processing facilities or to the market.

 

In 2013, 65% of our sold volume derived from Norway, 8% from Chile, 14% from Scotland, 10% from Canada and the remaining 3% from the Faroe Islands and Ireland. The following chart shows harvest volume of salmon in tons GWE in 2013, 2012 and 2011 by region of origin:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in tons gutted weight)

 

Region of Origin:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Norway

 

222,494

 

255,306

 

217,510

 

Scotland

 

48,389

 

40,261

 

50,174

 

Canada

 

33,059

 

40,217

 

33,917

 

Chile

 

28,281

 

40,222

 

25,960

 

Ireland

 

5,883

 

9,407

 

9,332

 

Faroe Islands

 

5,665

 

6,893

 

5,927

 

Total harvested volume of salmon

 

343,772

 

392,306

 

342,820

 

 

The following graphic shows our global farming operations by harvest volume in 2013 as well as the locations of our primary and secondary processing facilities:

 

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GRAPHIC

 

Processing

 

Seafood processing is divided between primary and secondary processing.

 

Primary processing entails slaughtering and gutting of the fish. The salmon we harvest is processed by our own primary processing facilities, except for the Faroe Islands where the primary processing is done by third parties. In addition, we primary process some salmon that is farmed or harvested by other companies. The majority of our primary processed salmon is sold to third parties, while the remainder goes to our secondary processing facilities. We also purchase from third parties gutted salmon and other seafood for secondary processing by us. In all processing plants, we operate with high levels of quality and hygiene, meeting rigorous specifications of relevant authorities and leading retailers around the world.

 

Our secondary processing operations entail using the gutted fish to prepare products such as fillets, steaks, and other portions of fish — smoked, fresh and frozen - for retail and food service. Secondary processing activities include packaging the products and further preparation to create ready-to-eat and ready-to-heat products. Our secondary processing activities take place in our own processing facilities in Norway, France, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, Poland, Ireland the Netherlands, Belgium, Chile, the United States, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam and South Korea. Some of the secondary processing takes place in our primary processing facilities. The main

 

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products produced by our secondary processing facilities are fillets, steaks, portions and loins of salmon and white fish, coated seafood, smoked seafood and elaborated seafood. We offer a wide range of value added products of approximately 60 different seafood species; the main species used in our secondary processing operations are Atlantic salmon, cod, pangasius, Alaska pollack, redfish, plaice, haddock, shrimp and halibut. Atlantic salmon comprised the large majority of the inputs used by our secondary processing facilities in 2013 and most of it was produced in our farming operations. Other input used in secondary processing are purchased from third parties.

 

The following table shows our processing facilities by location and their 2013 production, broken down between primary processing and secondary processing facilities:

 

Country

 

Harvest
Volume
2013

 

Secondary
Processing
Production
2013(1)

 

 

 

(in GWE tons)

 

(in tons)

 

Norway

 

222,494

 

39,800

 

Scotland

 

48,389

 

 

Ireland

 

33,059

 

900

 

Chile

 

28,281

 

13,000

 

Canada

 

5,883

 

 

Faroe Islands

 

5,665

 

 

France

 

 

22,700

 

Netherlands

 

 

7,900

 

Belgium

 

 

11,700

 

Poland

 

 

8,300

 

Japan

 

 

2,646

 

United States of America

 

 

8,800

 

Czech Republic

 

 

1,820

 

Taiwan

 

 

36

 

South Korea

 

 

76

 

Total

 

343,772

 

117,678

 

 


(1)         In Norway, the secondary processing performed is limited to producing fillets, both for sales to end customers and as raw material for internal and external industrial processors. Approximately 50% of the fillet volume produced in Norway in 2013 was sold to VAP Europe for further processing, and as such this volume is counted twice in the above table. Similarly the volume processed in the USA includes Chilean fillet volume further processed in the USA.

 

We are continuously exploring possibilities of expanding our downstream operations to capture the total value in our value chain. By insourcing fish feed, egg and smolt production as well as secondary processing, we not only control the quality of our product but we also internalize the profit from those activities within our organization. Such vertical integration, particularly the production of secondary processed salmon, helps us mitigate our exposure to fluctuations in salmon prices. Primary processed salmon is a fresh product with limited shelf life, and it should be sold within as few days as possible after harvest, while the shelf life of the secondary processed salmon can be extended through modified atmosphere packaging, or MAP, a process used to extend the shelf life of fresh food products by substituting the atmospheric air inside a package with a protective gas mix. In addition, secondary processed salmon often has different end consumers, a different price point and is less subject to price fluctuations. For example, the price of smoked salmon tends to move less than the price of fresh salmon.

 

During 2012, we opened a new processing facility in Boulogne, France with focus on MAP products, a small processing line in the Czech Republic and a new greenfield factory in Osaka, Japan to produce value added products closer to our customers. The Osaka plant is our second in Japan. In addition, in 2013, we started secondary processing activities in Taiwan and South Korea and we expanded our smoked seafood operations in Belfast, Maine. In December 2013 our Board approved the plan to complete the first section of our secondary processing facilities outside Edinburgh, Scotland, acquired through the Morpol acquisition. The plant is expected to start operations in October 2014, producing fresh fillets and smoked salmon for the UK and export markets.

 

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In 2013, after sustaining losses over time, we began restructuring our VAP Europe segment as part of our effort to become more cost efficient. The plan includes reducing the number of processing sites in Europe from 13 to eight, affecting sites in France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Poland. Of the approximately 2,400 employees in our VAP Europe segment, about 450 will be affected by the restructuring plan. Our coated seafood operations in Belgium and our toll production in Poland were closed in 2013, while one of our French value added units was sold in January 2014 and another unit was closed in March 2014. The remaining operational closure is expected to take place in the second quarter of 2014. In addition, in 2013 we closed our smoked salmon secondary processing facility in Chile.

 

Product Offering

 

The following are the main categories of the products that we sell:

 

·                  Primary Processed Fish

 

·                  Whole salmon, fresh or frozen: our own farmed salmon; the fish is gutted, head on and sold boxed on ice.

 

·                  Secondary Processed Fish

 

·                  Processed salmon, fresh or frozen: our own farmed salmon (as well as a limited amount of salmon produced by third parties) that has gone through secondary processing; and includes salmon fillets, steaks, portions, loins and elaborated salmon products. Elaborated salmon products include salmon tartar, stuffed salmon, terrines and brochettes as well as ready-to-heat and ready-to-eat meals such as marinated salmon, salmon roast and salmon in mustard sauce.

 

·                  Smoked and marinated salmon: our farmed salmon (and salmon produced by third parties), either cold or hot smoked or marinated.

 

·                  Non-salmon species and ingredients: includes our white fish products such as marinated barbeque cod, plaice cordon bleu, dusted pangasius and cod loin, marinated shrimp skewers, fresh fish sticks, marinated cod loin, shrimp limone as well as ingredients such as fish oil.

 

The following chart shows our sales by product as percentages of our overall sales by value in 2013:

 

 

For comparable figures for 2012 and 2011, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.”

 

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Marketing and Distribution

 

Our customers of primary processed salmon include our own secondary processing operations distributors and other secondary processors of salmon. We sell salmon and other seafood directly to retailers, hotels, restaurants as well as to third party processors and distributors in 70 countries worldwide. Some of our sales occur pursuant to contracts, which generally have a duration of three to twelve months, and in the past have covered between 15% and 40% of our global harvest volume for the upcoming quarter. Our goal is that our contract coverage ratio should remain between 20% and 50%. Contracts mitigate our exposure to fluctuations in salmon prices, but can also result in us selling our products at prices that are lower than spot prices.

 

Although the market price of salmon is established through supply and demand for the product, in the short term, salmon producers are expected to be price takers. The long production cycle and a short time window available for harvesting, leave salmon farmers with limited flexibility to manage their short term supply. In addition, salmon is generally sold as a fresh commodity with a limited product life span, further limiting producers’ ability to control short term supply.

 

The following chart shows our sales of salmon by geographic region by value in 2013:

 

 

For further description and comparable figures for 2012 and 2011, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Key Factors Affecting Revenue—Prices.”

 

Although our products generally are sold under private label, we have a few brands for smoked salmon including Kendall Brook and Kritsen. In 2013, we strengthened our product innovation and branding efforts, introducing three new brands to the market (Olav’s, fresh salmon portions with a sauce for retail customers; Supreme Salmon — a flagship restaurant, store and retail brand and the re-launch of the Sterling name for Canadian salmon for the U.S. business to business market (sales to restaurants in particular). In addition, we also got access to new brands/labels through the Morpol acquisition that we intend to continue to develop.

 

Distribution

 

We distribute the majority of our product through secondary processors and distributors. Although we increased our branding efforts in 2013, the secondary processed products produced by our European VAP and Morpol Processing operations are mainly private label products, branded by our customers, or first price products. We distribute our products to customers, by a combination of road, rail, ship and air freight. Our priority is to maintain the freshness and quality of our products by ensuring effective packaging and an unbroken cold chain. We generally rely on third party distributors for our logistics.

 

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Morpol Acquisition

 

In the fourth quarter of 2012 and the first quarter of 2013, we completed the acquisition of 87.1% of the shares in Morpol ASA. The acquisition was subject to approval by the EU Commission, and the clearance was received on September 30, 2013 subject to divestment of Morpol’s Scottish farming capacity on Shetland and the Orkneys of approximately 18,000 GWE. In March 2014, we announced an agreement to divest the operations on the Shetland and the Orkney Islands.  Refer to “Strengths” for further discussion.  The total purchase price was NOK 1,683 million, NOK 425 million of which was paid through issuance of ordinary shares in Marine Harvest ASA and the remainder was paid in cash—NOK 513 million in 2012 and NOK 745 million in the first quarter of 2013. After clearance from the European Commission on September 30, 2013, we acquired shares from three Morpol shareholders and put forward an offer to acquire the remaining shares in Morpol at NOK 11.85 per share. Following the expiration of the offer on November 6, 2013, we owned 99.7% of the outstanding shares in Morpol and resolved to exercise our right to make a compulsory acquisition of the remaining outstanding shares in Morpol at NOK 11.85 per share. The compulsory acquisition was effective as of November 12, 2013, and we now own 100% of the outstanding shares in Morpol. The shares acquired through the acquisition from the three shareholders, the offer and the compulsory acquisition from September 30, 2013 to November 12, 2013 were acquired for a total purchase price of NOK 256.8 million. As of December 31, 2013, payment for 10,200 shares remained outstanding.

 

Seasonality

 

Historically, sales of salmon have been higher in the fourth quarter driven by the December holiday season. In addition, fish grow fastest in the third quarter of each year in the northern hemisphere due to ideal seawater temperatures, but this growth does not affect our harvest.

 

Quality and Control

 

Our products must conform to the legal standards, our technical quality specifications as well as the specifications we have agreed with our customers. Technical quality specifications and quality grading cover parameters such as nutrient content (e.g., omega-3 content), visual appearance, size grades, trim, the content of fat and pigment and the specifications for packaging conditions and packaging material. These specifications also cover microbiological quality criteria, which determine the shelf life of fresh products as well as ensuring the food safety.

 

Fish may be classified as superior, ordinary or production quality. Superior quality fish is a product without damage or defect that provides a positive overall impression. Ordinary quality fish is a product with limited external or internal faults, damage or defects. Production quality fish is a product that does not satisfy the requirements of either superior or ordinary quality due to product faults, damage or defects. In Norway, downgraded fish is normally priced based on standard rates of deduction compared to a superior quality fish. For fish classified as ordinary, the standard rate of reduction is NOK 1.50 - NOK 2.00 per kilogram GWE. For fish classified as production grade, the standard rate of reduction is NOK 5.00 to NOK 15.00 per kilogram GWE depending on the reason for downgrading. In other countries the price deductions related to quality are not as standardized, but the same general principles apply.

 

The following chart describes our certifications by business unit and activity in 2013 Some of the plants and sites within each business unit may not adhere fully or at all to all the described standards.

 

Business Unit

 

Activity

 

Certification

Ireland

 

Broodstock and juveniles

 

ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, GlobalGAP, Naturland Organic, BioSuisse Organic, EU Organic Aquaculture, Freedom Food, Irish Certified Quality Salmon Organic

 

 

On-growing

 

ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, Naturland Organic, BioSuisse Organic, EU Organic Aquaculture, Irish Certified Quality Salmon Organic

 

 

Primary processing

 

ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, BRC,

 

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Naturland Organic, BioSuisse Organic, EU Organic Aquaculture, Irish Certified Quality Salmon Organic

Chile

 

Broodstock and juveniles

 

SalmonGAP/GlobalGAP

 

 

On-growing

 

SalmonGAP/GlobalGAP

 

 

Primary processing

 

BRC (third party)

Norway

 

Broodstock and juveniles

 

ISO 22000, ISO 9001, ISO14001, GlobalGAP

 

 

On-growing

 

ISO 22000, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, GlobalGAP

 

 

Primary processing

 

ISO 22000, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, GlobalGAP

Canada

 

Broodstock and juveniles

 

ISO 14001

 

 

On-growing

 

ISO 14001, GAA BAP

 

 

Primary processing

 

GAA BAP

Scotland

 

Juveniles

 

Label Rouge, Global-GAP, ISO 9001, ISO14001, COGP, Freedom Food, Royal Warrant Holders

 

 

On-growing

 

Label Rouge, ASC, GlobalGAP, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, PGI, COGP, Freedom Food, Royal Warrant Holders

 

 

Primary processing

 

Label Rouge, BRC, GlobalGAP, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, PGI, COGP, Freedom Food, Royal Warrant Holders

Faroes

 

Broodstock and juveniles

 

GlobalGAP

 

 

On-growing

 

GlobalGAP

 

 

Primary processing

 

GlobalGAP

VAP Europe

 

Secondary processing

 

IFS, BRC, BIO, GlobalGAP, ISO 22000, ASC (tilapia & pangasius), Icelandic responsible fisheries (IRF)

Morpol Poland

 

Secondary processing

 

BRC, IFS, Organic, MSC CoC, GlobalGAP, ASC CoC

Americas

 

Secondary processing

 

SQF level 2 & 3

Asia

 

Secondary processing

 

SQF level 3

 

Planet—Sustainable and Environmentally Responsible Development

 

Quality fish feed, fish health and research and development are essential to the performance of our fish and the quality of our end product.

 

Fish Feed

 

Fish feed accounted for approximately half of our “cost in box” of harvested fish in 2013. We currently source all of our fish feed from third party suppliers, but have recently initiated construction of a fish feed production facility in Norway, which we expect to supply 60% of our Norwegian feed requirements by 2015

 

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(representing approximately 40% of our global fish feed needs), each based on the 2013 production. The remaining 40% will be sourced from external suppliers, providing the ability to benchmark our own operations with the rest of the industry.

 

Currently we procure our fish feed from a limited number of feed suppliers globally, primarily Skretting and BioMar. Our arrangements with fish feed suppliers generally provide that we acquire the fish feed at prices tied to the market prices for raw materials used in producing the feed, such as fish meal, fish oil, vegetable oils and vegetable meals. The arrangements are subject to a minimum fee per kilogram of fish feed, structured to cover the suppliers’ operational costs and margins. Our arrangements generally do not contain minimum or maximum fish feed purchase quantities. We are working continuously with our fish feed suppliers to alter feed recipes, based on the relative prices of raw materials, to secure the lowest possible cost of Fish feed accounted for approximately half of our “cost in box” of harvested fish in 2013. We currently source all of our fish feed from third party suppliers, but have recently initiated construction of a fish feed production facility in Norway, which we expect to supply 60% of our Norwegian feed requirements by 2015 (representing approximately 40% of our global fish feed needs), each based on the 2013 production. The remaining 40% will be sourced from external suppliers, providing the ability to benchmark our own operations with the rest of the industry.

 

Over the past decade, the salmon feed industry has consolidated. Today, the three largest salmon feed producers control a large majority of the output. The three largest salmon feed producers are BioMar, EWOS, and Skretting, which operate globally. Additionally, there are some smaller local producers who are only present in their regional markets.

 

Feeding farmed salmon with sustainably sourced fish feed is good resource management and it reduces our dependence on scarce resources. We support the International Fishmeal and Fish oil Organization standard for responsibly sourced fishmeal and fish oil, or IFFO RS, ensuring that the limited marine resources are managed in a responsible way. Our feed contracts provide that all content of fish meal and fish oil must be certified by IFFO RS.

 

We seek to expand the portfolio of raw materials that may be used in our fish feed. For example, by-products from livestock food manufacturing processes have been used in salmon diets in North and South America for several years as alternatives to marine and vegetable feed raw materials. These products, which are food grade raw materials, are highly nutritious and represent an important resource from a sustainability perspective. We believe that these raw materials will play an even more important role in the future in ensuring sustainable growth of our industry.

 

In April 2014, we made a decision to clean all fish oil used in our feed. Although our own verification program for final products, as well as regular testing conducted by food safety authorities show that we are well below the limits set by the food safety authorities, and far below the levels detected in most wild fatty fish, we have decided, as the first global salmon producer, to start cleaning all relevant fish oil used in feed for Marine Harvest salmon. We wish to remove any uncertainty the consumer may have related to how much salmon they can eat. This is an important step for us in our strategy to become an integrated protein producer with total control and top quality from feed to fork.

 

Fish Health

 

Fish health is very important to our farming operations. Fish are affected by factors including disease, sea lice, predators and others, which may have adverse effects on fish survival, health, growth and welfare and may result in reduced harvest weight and volume, downgrading of products or claims from customers. We strive to manage the exposure to these and other biological risk factors through high focus on internal procedures for animal husbandry practices, mitigating actions and countermeasures. Our goal to rear healthy fish entails good management practices to provide our fish with conditions that satisfy their biological needs for food, clean water, space and habitat. Our efforts include continuous monitoring of water quality parameters, stocking of fish at densities that consider fish welfare and practicing of site fallowing. We also have biosecurity programs and veterinary health plans, and all our fish are vaccinated against relevant bacterial diseases.

 

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Diseases

 

Fish diseases are a challenge to us, since they represent a cost (in terms of lost revenues and treatment costs) and also a threat to the wellbeing of the fish and the environment. We focus on preventing infectious diseases and limiting their spread. If fish become infected, they are treated with approved medicines, prescribed and supervised by authorized fish health professionals. We aim to limit the use of antibiotics in our operations by expanding biological and non-medicinal control tools.

 

In 2013, the four most important causes of reduced survival were:

 

·                  Pancreas Disease, or PD, was our most prevalent cause of biomass mortality, resulting in a loss of 2,507.6 tons (1,624,047 fish in numbers). PD is an infectious viral disease caused by a salmonid alphavirus. The disease affects the pancreatic tissue, heart and skeletal muscles of the fish and results in reduced appetite, lethargy, reduced health and increased mortality. Muscle damage can cause downgrading and make the product unsuitable for smokehouses.

 

·                  HSMI, or heart and skeletal muscle inflammation, which was our second most prevalent cause of biomass mortality, resulting in a loss of 1,435.6 tons (or 978,783 fish in numbers). HSMI is an emerging viral disease and is considered to be caused by a novel Atlantic salmon reovirus. Primary symptoms of HSMI include myocardial and skeletal muscle necrosis indicating a severe inflammatory process. During 2013, clinical disease and loss related to this disease was observed in Norway and Scotland.

 

·                  CMS, or Cardiomyopathy Syndrome, which was the third most prevalent cause of biomass mortality, resulting in a loss of 930.2 tons (193,022 fish in numbers). CMS primarily affects the heart of the fish while also causing circulation failure and liver damage. CMS affects farmed salmon in the seawater phase and during transport of the fish to the processing plant. Because the disease normally affects the fish at the end of the production cycle, when the fish is ready for harvest, the economic losses can be substantial even though the total mortality is not high.

 

·                  Amoebic Gill Disease, or AGD, which was our fourth most prevalent cause of biomass mortality, resulting in a loss of 152.3 tons of fish (or 137,663 fish in numbers). AGD is a naturally occurring type of gill infection caused by a ubiquitous, microscopic marine amoebic parasite. The amoeba affects the gills and can result in reduced performance and fish mortality. In 2013, we experienced a high prevalence of AGD outbreaks in our Scottish and Irish operations.

 

For more on these and other diseases affecting production, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risk related to Our Fish Farming Operations—Our fish stock can be adversely affected by various diseases.” Today there exist vaccine protections or cures for many of these diseases, but the efficiency can still vary.

 

Sea lice management

 

Sea lice is controlled through specific anti-lice agents, hydrogen peroxide baths in well boats or enclosed cages, and biologically by using “cleaner fish,” which are fish species that eat the parasites directly from the fish’s skin. Cleaner fish are caught wild or reared commercially and released into the salmon pens. Our efforts to improve sea lice management also include continuous monitoring of infestation levels, fallowing routines, stocking density management, ensuring clean nets, and further commitment to invest in research on other cleaner fish species and R&D within the area of non-medicinal solutions for sea lice control.

 

Authorities in each of the regions where we operate have limits on the maximum number of lice per fish. These limits vary based on type of lice, time of year and region. If lice levels reach these limits (trigger levels), fish must be treated. Our ambition is to maintain sea lice below trigger levels, although we exceed them at times, for example during a period of elevated water temperatures when lice levels change rapidly.

 

The following table presents average monthly percentage of sites above the relevant maximum sea lice levels per country (number of sites above trigger level is recorded at month’s end) for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

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Year ended
December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Norway

 

3

%

8

%

8

%

Scotland

 

10

%

15

%

12

%

Ireland

 

9

%

20

%

13

%

Faroe Islands

 

6

%

8

%

16

%

Canada

 

0

%

6

%

2

%

Chile

 

8

%

24

%

14

%

Marine Harvest average

 

6

%

12

%

12

%

 

Escapes and Predation

 

In addition to reducing our fish count, escaped salmon presents a potential challenge to the environment as they may impact the wild salmon population by genetic interaction and the potential risk of transferring disease. Human error in connection with fish reception, grading, sampling and handling of salmon, damage to pens and net failure, as well as natural phenomena such as extreme weather conditions may contribute to fish escape. Our target is zero escapes. We systematically analyze escape events to help us address the risk of escape.

 

The number of escape incidents and the number of escaped fish has increased as compared to the previous year, remaining similar to values reported in 2011. One incident in Norway related to extreme environmental conditions contributed the most to this increase adding 60,528 escaped fish. As compared to2010, the figures for 2013 remained considerably lower reflecting our long-term ambition to reduce escape events. There were no reports of escaped fish in Ireland and Canada in 2013. We believe that our systematic approach to reviewing and analyzing our escape pattern significantly contributed to this development. The following table shows the number of escape incidents and number of fish lost by business unit:

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Business unit

 

Number of
escape
incidents

 

Number of
fish lost

 

Number of
escape
incidents

 

Number of
fish lost

 

Number of
escape
incidents

 

Number of
fish lost

 

Ireland

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Chile

 

4

 

10,000

 

1

 

400

 

0

 

0

 

Norway

 

3

 

60,534

 

2

 

2

 

6

 

71,514

 

Canada

 

0

 

0

 

1

 

7

 

1

 

1

 

Scotland

 

2

 

210

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

Faroes

 

1

 

3,000

 

2

 

2,741

 

0

 

0

 

Total

 

10

 

73,744

 

6

 

3,150

 

7

 

71,515

 

 

Our salmon are also subject to predation, from predators such as otters, herons, shags, gulls, seals, sea lions and minks. We strive to protect our salmon against the risk of predation. Our efforts to mitigate predation include new net materials and predator nets and farming equipment.

 

Research and Development

 

Our investment in research and development help us solve operational challenges faced by our farming and processing operations. We view research and development as crucial to further development and strengthening of the relatively young salmon farming industry. Our effort within this area is recognized by the industry, our competitors, the authorities and other external parties, reflected by the significant involvement of our technical staff in statutory and industry-led research projects and programs.

 

In addition to collaboration and purchasing of services from external research institutions, we own and operate three research facilities: The Center of Aquaculture Competence, CAC (co-owned with AKVA group and Skretting), operated by us in Norway, Lochailort operated by us in Scotland, and Huenquillahue, operated by us in

 

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Chile. We manage CAC, a commercial scale research and development site in Norway. Since 2003, Skretting and Marine Harvest, through CAC, have tested new formulations of fish feed, aiming for reduced use of marine raw materials and operate without compromising fish performance and quality, fish health or welfare. This systematic large scale testing has delivered valuable knowledge, contributing significantly towards our commercial diets being historically low in inclusion of marine raw materials.

 

Our main research priorities are within the areas of fish performance, food safety, product quality and fish health and welfare. During the last decade, increased research and development resources have been invested within the area of sustainability. Limiting the impact of our farming activities on the environment, ensuring that marine feed raw materials are derived from responsibly managed fish stocks and reducing our dependency on marine raw materials for feed production are central issues which receive considerable attention.

 

Our research and development activities are conducted at our operations across the globe by experienced technical personnel. Our Global R&D Department is responsible for coordinating the research and development activities and running projects of global relevance. The global R&D Department consists of 11 highly qualified specialists within the areas of biostatistics, fish feed and nutrition, fish health and welfare, food safety and product quality, sustainability, technology and environment as well as breeding and genetics, an area incorporated into Global R&D during 2012.

 

We have increased our research and development efforts to enable further growth and profitability of the industry, grounded on a solid sustainability framework. In addition, we pay a fee of 0.3% of Marine Harvest Norway export value, or NOK 23.4 million in 2013, to The Norwegian Seafood Research Fund, which conducts R&D on behalf of the salmon farming industry as a whole.

 

During 2013, our on-going research and development projects delivered valuable new information within our prioritized areas. In addition, new projects have been established. Examples of our recent achievements within the sustainability area include:

 

·                  Major gene controlling IPN resistance identified in our Mowi-strain, which is a strain of salmon owned by us;

 

·                  Salmon lice laboratory established in Marine Harvest Chile;

 

·                  Optimized post-smolt production, co-led by us and funded by the Norwegian Research Council;

 

·                  300,000 Ballan wrasse (cleanerfish) produced in-house to control sea lice;

 

·                  Reduced seawater losses, with special focus on the relationship between seawater loss and viral diseases;

 

·                  Reduced dependency on marine feed raw materials; and

 

·                  Developed and implemented tools for improved genetic selection within our own breeding program.

 

Biodiversity

 

The influence of our operations on biodiversity and the environment are being debated by different scientific groups. Our ambition is to operate without lasting negative influence on biodiversity. We believe that preserving natural capital is the way forward to sustaining the growth of our industry. To that end, we continue to support initiatives focused on protecting sensitive species and/or habitats. Our continuing partnership with the Worldwide Fund for Nature — WWF, will help us identify emerging issues and our commitment to ASC standard will help us shape our responses and improve our environmental performance.

 

Realizing that our operations may impact the environment in general and sensitive areas in particular, we have developed partnerships with third parties to protect and/or restore protected areas. These partnerships include a cooperation agreement in Chile for our freshwater hatchery located at the edge of a national park. In Canada, we have partnerships with organizations and societies that enhance and restore rivers, salmonid stocks, riparian habitat and wetlands. In Norway, we are engaged in a wild salmon enhancement and cultivation program for River Vosso, a

 

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river that experienced collapse in the late 1980s. In Scotland we are involved in two salmon restocking programs in the Lochy and Garry Rivers. In Norway and Canada, we are monitoring the sea lice levels in wild salmon stocks. Our partnerships and programs for improving biodiversity are important to us both in facilitating improvements, but also in order to challenge our thinking on how to best protect sensitive areas.

 

People—Providing Safe and Meaningful Jobs

 

Employee safety and employees’ self-respect and personal pride in their work cannot be compromised if we are to succeed as a company with good relationships with the local communities. The following table shows our employees by subsidiary:

 

 

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Number of Full-Time Employees 

 

 

 

Permanent

 

Temporary

 

Permanent

 

Temporary

 

Permanent

 

Temporary

 

Farming Norway

 

Male

 

1,020

 

77

 

994

 

277

 

947

 

277

 

 

 

Female

 

263

 

95

 

248

 

103

 

229

 

103

 

Farming Scotland

 

Male

 

486

 

12

 

388

 

14

 

382

 

34

 

 

 

Female

 

48

 

4

 

41

 

1

 

47

 

1

 

Farming Canada

 

Male

 

321

 

 

340

 

 

351

 

28

 

 

 

Female

 

67

 

 

77

 

 

84

 

10

 

Farming Chile

 

Male

 

448

 

41

 

372

 

41

 

356

 

56

 

 

 

Female

 

88

 

10

 

80

 

4

 

67

 

10

 

Ireland

 

Male

 

124

 

64

 

119

 

88

 

118

 

95

 

 

 

Female

 

16

 

24

 

18

 

29

 

19

 

32

 

Farming Faroes

 

Male

 

23

 

3

 

22

 

3

 

22

 

3

 

 

 

Female

 

3

 

1

 

3

 

1

 

3

 

 

MH Farming

 

Male

 

2,422

 

197

 

2,235

 

423

 

2,176

 

493

 

 

 

Female

 

486

 

134

 

467

 

138

 

449

 

156

 

MH VAP Europe

 

Male

 

867

 

327

 

867

 

298

 

916

 

275

 

 

 

Female

 

828

 

298

 

861

 

211

 

913

 

228

 

Morpol Processing

 

Male

 

1,070

 

298

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Female

 

1,946

 

466

 

 

 

 

 

Markets Europe

 

Male

 

74

 

 

61

 

 

 

 

 

 

Female

 

48

 

 

19

 

 

 

 

Markets America

 

Male

 

116

 

67

 

220

 

80

 

195

 

106

 

 

 

Female

 

78

 

66

 

179

 

86

 

133

 

109

 

Markets Asia

 

Male

 

356

 

51

 

44

 

31

 

27

 

12

 

 

 

Female

 

324

 

72

 

30

 

69

 

21

 

46

 

MH Sales & Marketing

 

Male

 

2,483

 

743

 

1,192

 

409

 

1,138

 

393

 

 

 

Female

 

3,223

 

902

 

1,089

 

366

 

1,067

 

383

 

MH Corporate/other

 

Male

 

67

 

 

58

 

 

55

 

2

 

 

 

Female

 

19

 

 

13

 

 

12

 

 

MH Group

 

Male

 

4,972

 

940

 

3,485

 

832

 

3,369

 

888

 

MH Group

 

Female

 

3,728

 

1,036

 

1,569

 

504

 

1,528

 

539

 

MH Group

 

Total

 

8,700

 

1,976

 

5,054

 

1,335

 

4,897

 

1,427

 

 

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As of December 31, 2013, we had 8,700 permanent employees of which 4,972 were male and 3,728 were female. As of December 31, 2013, we also had 1,976 temporary employees of which 940 were male and 1,036 female. There were no incidents of discrimination reported during 2013.

 

We follow the laws with regards to compensation and no employee is paid less than the official national minimum wage. Our personnel review system and representatives of workers unions ensure that all employees are fairly compensated. Generally, our base start salary is set above the national minimum wage limits to attract competent people to our organization.

 

We recognize the right of all employees to freely form and join groups for promotion and defense of their occupational interests including the right to engage in collective bargaining. The number of employees that are members of workers unions and participating in collective bargaining agreements varies across countries in which we operate from almost zero in Ireland and Scotland to almost all employees in VAP Europe. Farming and processing employees are represented by labor unions in Chile, Norway, Canada and VAP Europe (France, Belgium and Holland). Our administrative employees are normally not members of a union, the only exception being VAP Europe where management is represented by unions.

 

Labor union representation varies by region and type of position:

 

·                  In Norway approximately 40% of the employees are represented by a union. Marine Harvest Norway is a member of NHO, the Confederation of Norwegian Business and Industry for Employers. NHO has a collective agreement with LO, the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions, which applies to all employees of Marine Harvest Norway.

 

·                  In VAP Europe, close to 100% of the employees including management are represented by a union.

 

·                  Only a few of our Chilean employees participate in a union.

 

·                  In the Canadian operations, the Port Hardy Processing Plant is represented by the United Steelworkers. The functions that are represented include general labor, trades, and processors. Collective bargaining generally occurs on a two to three year basis with wage increases being a core component of the bargaining process. There has never been a strike or significant labor dispute at the Port Hardy Processing Plant. All other employees in Canada are non-union.

 

·                  There are no collective bargaining agreements in Scotland, Ireland, the United States, Asia or in Morpol Processing.

 

The different unions represent different types of functions. The terms of the collective bargaining agreements vary in accordance with each union. Where unions are present, salary negotiations are generally conducted annually between the unions and the company (with the exception of our Canadian operations, which is further described above). The agreement reached with the local or regional union that negotiates the applicable collective bargaining agreement is binding on all employees in the relevant functional area, whether or not they are members of the union. In general, collective bargaining agreements are applicable to all employees of that union or region, respecting the different professional categories.

 

Legal Proceedings

 

Early 2011, Marine Harvest Chile S.A. terminated a rearing contract with Salmones Sur Austral S.A. and claimed that the contract was null and void because it was fraudulently organized and implemented by former Managing Director of Marine Harvest Chile S.A., Mr. Álvaro Jiménez, with the aid of representatives and shareholders in Salmones Sur Austral S.A. Marine Harvest Chile S.A. has taken legal action against Salmones Sur Austral S.A. to have the rearing contract declared null and void. Salmones Sur Austral S.A. has countersued Marine Harvest for breach of contract and indemnification of damages, which were valued at USD 42 million. In June 2013, we lost an arbitration case and were ordered to pay USD 12.3 million for breach of contract. We are currently appealing that decision.

 

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On March 6, 2014, Salmones Sur Austral S.A. initiated collection procedures, asking for the payment of the USD 12.3 million awarded in the arbitration case. The court granted Salmones Sur Austral S.A.’s request to seize biomass owned by Marine Harvest Chile at two sites, Chequián and Peldehue. Marine Harvest has opposed the collection procedures and the seizure of the assets, alleging lack of jurisdiction of the court, and has also requested court authorization to release the fish for sale, on the condition that the proceeds from such sale be deposited in escrow. Permission to harvest the fish was granted on April 25. The proceeds from the sale will be deposited in escrow up to an amount of USD 6.4 million per site.

 

Marine Harvest Norway AS is under investigation for production of smolt exceeding the formal permit level. Marine Harvest Norway AS has recognized a minor provision in the financial statements for a potential fine.

 

In addition to these cases, we have other pending legal issues, which are not considered to be material.

 

Regulation

 

Our farming and primary and secondary processing operations as well as our sales and distribution of seafood products are subject to various laws and regulations (including licensing regimes) administered by national, provincial and regional bodies and other governmental entities in each of the jurisdictions where we operate. Set forth below is a summary of the main regulations that apply to our business operations.

 

Regulation of Fish Farming Operations

 

All of our farming operations are subject to licensing and operational authorizations issued by the relevant governmental authorities. Such authorities typically regulate fish farming operations through restrictions set out in the licenses and authorizations. Non-compliance with license and authorization terms and conditions may result in license/authorization revocation and other sanctions, including, in some cases, criminal charges.

 

Norway

 

Fish farmers in Norway are subject to several regulations, including the Food Safety Act (December 19, 2003) and the Aquaculture Act (June 17, 2005) and regulations promulgated thereunder. The Directorate of Fisheries and the Food Safety Authority are the aquaculture industry’s main regulatory bodies in Norway.

 

A salmon farming license may be issued for salmon farming operations in freshwater (i.e., for smolt/fingerling production) or for salmon operations at sea.

 

Freshwater licenses

 

Freshwater licenses are issued by the Directorate of Fisheries. The number of available freshwater licenses is not capped. On December 31, 2013 there were 230 freshwater licenses for hatchery production of salmon or trout outstanding.

 

Freshwater licenses are issued upon consent of the Food Safety Authority, the Coastal Administration, the relevant county governor (environmental approval) and the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, or NWE. Although local municipalities’ approval is not required, they are invited to comment on all license applications. Obtaining or amending a license is a time-consuming process and may take up to six to seven years. The process can be expedited for farms that use recycled water.

 

Freshwater licenses are not subject to time limitations and may be traded between fish farmers. There are no limitations on the number of freshwater licenses that a single company may have.

 

There are no periodic license fees associated with freshwater licenses.

 

Although, historically, freshwater licenses have not been subject to Maximum Allowable Biomass, or MAB regulations, some newer licenses include such limitations. MAB regulations set forth the maximum volume of fish in the water at any time. MAB limitations are determined by county governors’ offices and fluctuate greatly amongst regions. Additionally, emission, utilization and freshwater permits issued by environmental authorities in connection with the freshwater license issuance processes indirectly limit fish production as they include limitations

 

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on the maximum quantities of feed that may be used at a given site. Certain older licenses are also subject to annual limitations on the number of fish produced.

 

The approval from NWE typically limits the maximum utilization of freshwater (i.e., how much water can be used in the production out of a given river or a lake) and the environmental approval typically includes a limitation on the waste disposed into the sea, either in terms of maximum use of feed per year or maximum number of fish produced.

 

If a license is not used for a period exceeding two years, it may be withdrawn.

 

Farming operations in freshwater are subject to inspections by the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, the environmental authorities, the Food Safety Authority and the Directorate of Fisheries.

 

Seawater licenses and permits

 

Seawater licenses are issued by the Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and are administered by the Directorate of Fisheries.

 

The number of seawater licenses outstanding at any time is subject to a cap. At the end of 2013, there were 959 seawater licenses for production of salmon or trout. Since 1982, new licenses were awarded only in the following years: 1985, 1988, 1999, 2001, 2002 and 2009. Norwegian authorities are in the process of issuing 45 new licenses and we (together with Morpol) have applied for 29 of them. Fifteen of the licenses were allocated in March 2014 to the prequalified applicants that offered the highest prices. Marine Harvest was prequalified, but was not among the highest bidders and did therefore not receive any of the licenses in this category. In addition, 20 of the licenses were allocated in April 2014 to companies with operations in the counties of Troms and Finnmark. Morpol/Meridian was qualified for applying to these licenses, but was not allocated any licenses. It is assumed that the remaining licenses will be allocated in May 2014.

 

Acquisition of more than 15% of the production capacity for salmon and trout in seawater requires application to and approval by the Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries. Various ownership thresholds (15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40%) are accompanied by specific minimum requirements for R&D spending, secondary processing activities and contribution to the education of young talents. Only in exceptional circumstances may the Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries approve acquisitions of licenses resulting in a company exceeding 40% of the total production capacity. We currently hold permission to own up to 25% of the total production capacity, and our total production in 2012 was just below this limit. The ownership limitations and requirements have been subject to several amendments over the last decade due to shifting political circumstances, and until July 2013, no company was allowed to own more than 25% of the total concessionary biomass in Norway. In addition, a single company is prohibited from controlling more than 50% of the production capacity in any one Directorate of Fisheries region.

 

A seawater license may typically be used to produce salmon at up to four farming sites.

 

Generally, seawater licenses do not expire, but may be withdrawn in case of a material breach of license conditions or Norwegian aquaculture or environmental laws and regulations. Licenses are typically not time limited, except for certain specialized licenses, such as R&D licenses and broodstock license.

 

Seawater licenses are freely transferable. The licenses are subject to an annual fee.

 

Seawater licenses are subject to MAB regulations. In general, one license currently has a MAB of 780 tons LWE (945 tons LWE in Troms and Finnmark).

 

Pursuant to license terms, in order to prevent the spreading of lice and diseases and to restore seabed, fish farmers are required to systematically fallow production sites. In addition, production sites are subject to maximum sea lice counts and maximum net cage fish count (currently, 200,000 fish).

 

Farming operations are subject to inspections by the environmental authorities, the Directorate of Fisheries and the county authority.

 

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In addition to a seawater license, salmon farmers must obtain a site permit to operate a fish farm at any particular site. While seawater licenses are company-specific and may be used at any site, a site permit is tied to a particular production site. Permits are issued by the relevant county authority with a consent from the Food Safety Authority, the Coastal Administration, the relevant county governor (environmental approval) and the local municipality. Each site permit includes a MAB limitation for the site. MAB is typically set between 2,340 (a combination of three seawater licenses) and 4,680 (a combination of six seawater licenses) tons LWE, with such MAB limitations being separate from and in addition to the seawater license MAB limitations. Site permits are typically not subject to time limitations.

 

To obtain a site permit, an applicant must prepare measurements of the ocean current and examinations of the seabed below the site. The results must show that the ocean current is strong enough to disperse waste (fish farm emissions) and that the bottom fauna can cope with the planned production. In addition, the area must be reserved for aquaculture purposes per the relevant municipal development plan and cannot obstruct existing maritime traffic. The site area must be sufficiently removed from other aquaculture sites and from preserved wild salmon areas.

 

If two thirds or more of a capacity included in a site permit remains unused for a period exceeding two years, the site permit may be withdrawn.

 

Site permits are transferable. There are no regional/per company limitations on the number of site permits. Some site permits are of limited duration.

 

Certain other laws and regulations applicable to the Norwegian aquaculture industry

 

Farming operations are subject to a number of regulations, including with respect to sea lice control, fish escapes and prevention of spreading of fish diseases. Regulations are meant to protect fish health, the environment and wild salmon. Key regulations include sea lice management, fish escape prevention and fish disease prevention. Violations of aquaculture regulations are subject to various penalties, including monetary fines, license revocation and, in case of negligence or gross negligence of a fish farmer, criminal prosecution.

 

Pursuant to the sea lice management regulation, our sites are subject to precautionary limits for the maximum number of lice per fish. These limits vary based on type of lice and time of year. If lice levels reach these limits (trigger levels), fish must be treated.

 

Fish farmers are obliged to take measures to prevent fish escapes. Any suspicion of escape has to be reported to the Directorate of Fisheries, who refer the matter to the police for further investigation and possible prosecution.

 

The Food Safety Authority is in charge of the disease control regulations and fish health requirements. Specific regulations are adopted to prevent spreading of diseases, including heavy restrictions on transporting fish between farming areas.

 

Chile

 

In Chile, aquaculture activities are subject to different governmental regulations depending on whether they are carried out in private freshwater inland facilities (i.e., hatcheries) or in facilities built on public waterways such as lakes or rivers (freshwater licenses) or sea (seawater licenses).

 

Private freshwater inland facilities

 

Governmental authorization is not required to operate private freshwater aquaculture facilities in Chile. Instead, such activities must be recorded with the National Aquaculture Registry. Notwithstanding the foregoing, carrying out certain activities related to fish farming (i.e. entry and exit of fish, veterinary treatments etc) may require certain day-to-day authorizations from the National Bureau of Fishing and Aquaculture (Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura).

 

Operation of private freshwater aquaculture requires ownership of the water use rights and holding of environmental permits issued by the relevant Regional Environmental Commission (Comisión de Evaluación Ambiental Regional), which is a Chilean regulator responsible for overseeing compliance with environmental laws

 

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and regulations. Environmental permits are issued when operators demonstrating that their facilities comply with the applicable environmental regulations, including: Law N° 19.300, General Environmental Law, which defines the activities that may impact the environment and thus require environmental assessment. Environmental assessment must be performed for all private freshwater inland facilities built or modified after 2001. Facilities may also voluntarily submit to an environmental assessment. The scope of environmental assessments vary depending on the type of activities and their potential impact on the environment of the particular site.

 

Private freshwater inland facilities that have undergone an environmental assessment are subject to production limits. They may produce fish up to the MAB (determined by the number of fish and their average weight) registered in their technical operational plan submitted in connection with the environmental assessment. Freshwater inland facilities that have not been subject to an environmental assessment (i.e., those constructed prior to 2001 that have not been modified after 2001 and have not voluntarily submitted to an environmental assessment) are not subject to a MAB.

 

Private freshwater inland facilities must be located not less than three kilometers away from any other inland aquaculture facility.

 

The following authorities oversee private freshwater inland facilities:

 

·                  Superintendency of the Environment (Superintendencia del Medio Ambiente), which is the environmental enforcement agency.

 

·                  National Bureau of Fishing and Aquaculture (Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura), which is the regulatory body in charge of enforcing aquaculture regulations.

 

·                  Water Rights Agency (Dirección General de Aguas), which is in charge of supervising the use of the water rights used in this type of facilities.

 

Facilities built on public waterways

 

Pursuant to the General Fishing and Aquaculture Act No. 18,892 and the related rules and regulations, aquaculture activities in lakes, rivers and seawater require an aquaculture license (concesión de acuicultura) issued by the Undersecretary of Armed Forces (a governmental body that is part of the Ministry of National Defense). On September  2013 there were 1,267 seawater aquaculture licenses outstanding. Licenses can only be granted on areas that were declared suitable for aquaculture activities and only to Chilean residents or companies incorporated under the Chilean law. Non-Chilean investments into such companies must be authorized by the Chilean foreign investment agency.

 

Until April 8, 2010, the lakes were areas declared as suitable for aquaculture activities, but from that date they are not considered suitable and, thus new aquaculture licenses in lakes cannot be granted. This modification to aquaculture regulations does not affect aquaculture licenses granted in lakes prior to 2010, which are still in force.

 

During a five-year period starting on April 8, 2010, no additional aquaculture licenses may be granted in Regions 10 and 11 in Chile (administratively, Chile consists of 15 Regions, with most salmon production concentrated in Regions 10, 11 and 12). After April 8, 2015, new aquaculture licenses in Regions 10 and 11 can only be granted in areas newly designated as suitable for aquaculture or in lieu of previously abandoned or revoked licenses.

 

Licenses for aquaculture activities in lakes, rivers and seawater are granted based on an application, which must contain description of the proposed operations, including a plan for complying with environmental and other applicable regulations. Each license request is reviewed and must be approved by the corresponding Regional Environmental Commission. Regulations applicable to each license differ based on such factors as facilities’ location, facilities’ layout, the technical and operational plan, etc. Once the approval is obtained, the Environmental Commission issues a resolution known as Environmental Qualification Resolution (Resolución de Calificación Ambiental), or RCA, which contains terms and conditions for the license, non-compliance with which may result in a license revocation.

 

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Licenses granted after April 8, 2010 are granted for a period of 25 years and are renewable for additional 25-year terms. Licenses granted before April 8, 2010 were granted for indefinite periods. All of our licenses were granted prior to April 8, 2010. However, amended licenses and licenses that are relocated become subject to the 25-year limitation period. We are currently in process of relocating some of our Chilean licenses.

 

License holders must begin operation within one year of receiving a license and once the operation has started, the license holder cannot stop or suspend production for a period exceeding two consecutive years. Subject to certain exceptions, license holders must maintain minimum operational levels of not less than 5% of the yearly production specified in the RCA.

 

A license holder cannot produce more than the MAB authorized in its RCA. License holders are also subject to the limitations on stocking density that differ among Regions. Stocking density depends on environmental, sanitary and productive factors and applies to each license individually and to a group of licenses that are located within the same geographic area.

 

License holders must pay annual license fees to the Chilean government and may sell, encumber or otherwise dispose of their license.

 

The following authorities oversee public waterways:

 

·                  Superintendency of the Environment (Superintendencia del Medio Ambiente), which is the environmental enforcement agency.

 

·                  National Bureau of Fishing and Aquaculture (Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura), which is the regulatory body in charge of enforcing aquaculture regulations.

 

Certain other laws and regulations applicable to the Chilean aquaculture industry

 

Pursuant to the regulation on Measures for Protection, Control and Eradication of High-Risk Diseases affecting Hydro-Biological Species, fish farmers must take necessary actions to control fish diseases, observe sanitary provisions set forth in license requests, observe cultivation density limitations and comply with vaccination requirements.

 

The Environmental Regulation on Aquaculture prohibits disposal of any liquid or solid waste produced by aquaculture activities or any other substance that may negatively impact the seabed and the surrounding environment and requires establishment of contingency and management plans by fish farmers (with such plans being submitted to the governmental regulators). In addition, the regulation requires submission of certain environmental information concerning farming sites to relevant regulators and the existence of Contingency Plans and Operational Manuals on each site in order to prevent or mitigate potential environmental damage.

 

In addition, regulations apply to importation of some aquatic organisms species into Chile and operation of seafood storage and processing centers.

 

Scotland

 

Salmon farmers in Scotland must obtain, and comply with the terms of, an Aquaculture Production Business Authorization, a Crown Estate Lease/Planning Permission, a Controlled Activities Authorization and a Marine License. In addition, fish farmers must comply with the relevant fish health and fish disposal regulations.

 

Aquaculture Production Business Authorization

 

Under the Aquatic Animal Health (Scotland) Regulations 2009 an Aquaculture Production Business Authorization must be obtained from Marine Scotland prior to commencement of fish farming operations. Authorizations are issued per geographical site not per company. There is no cap on the number of authorizations that may be issued by Marine Scotland. Marine Scotland may impose such conditions as it sees fit before granting an authorization. The authorization and any conditions imposed are published on the Aquaculture Scotland website.

 

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MSB for individual sites is determined based on the environmental concerns, namely the capacity of the local marine environment to accommodate the fish farm. As a consequence, MSB for sites is not uniform and varies between 100 tons to 2,500 tons depending on site characteristics and its geographic location.

 

In addition, where an operator is involved in transportation of aquaculture animals, it must keep and make available to Marine Scotland records concerning such transportation and ensure that the applicable disease prevention requirements are met.

 

Planning permission/Crown Estate lease

 

Under the Town and Country Planning (Marine Fish Farming) (Scotland) Order 2007, subject to certain limited exceptions, establishment or modification (e.g., changes in species farmed or expansion of the existing facilities) of fish farming operations require planning permission. An Environmental Impact Assessment may be required before planning permission is issued. Assessments are a time-consuming process, involving submission to the local authority of an environmental statement. The environmental statement sets out the effects of the proposed site on the environment. A planning permission attaches to an area of foreshore/seabed and is not company-specific. Permissions are generally granted without a time limit. As with Aquaculture Production Business Authorizations each application for planning permission will be determined on an individual basis.

 

In addition, where the foreshore/seabed is owned by the Crown Estate, the right to occupy the site is subject to a lease from the Crown Estate as the landowner. All of our operations are in possession of the necessary lease agreements.

 

Certain of our Scottish fish farm operations are currently undergoing a review of their compliance with the applicable environmental and nature conservation regulations. Operations that are found to be compliant with such regulations will be issued a permanent planning permission. For each fish farm, a planning permission is needed for operations after March 31, 2014 or following the expiry of the current Crown Estate lease, whichever is later. None of our Scottish sites in use were denied a planning permission based on the review.

 

Marine License

 

Under the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010, a Marine License from the Scottish Government is required where obstruction or danger to navigation may be caused by a fish farm. A Marine License would also be required where any object or materials were to be deposited on or removed from the seabed. We are in possession of the necessary Marine Licenses.

 

Controlled Activities License

 

Fish farm operations must obtain a license from the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, or SEPA, under the Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regulations 2011. SEPA is responsible for monitoring and inspecting fish farms for compliance with the regulations. SEPA sets limits upon the scale and rate of discharges from fish farm sites into the environment. It requires any effluent to be assimilated and broken down by natural processes, ensuring no lasting impacts or lasting accumulation of pollutants. Each site is assessed with annual charges calculate based on, amongst other factors, the maximum weight of fish held at the site and the amount of effluent discharged. SEPA will inspect sites regularly and fish farmers must report to SEPA details of discharges from each of their sites. Farm operators are also required to commission regular studies of the impact of the farms on the seabed and submit such studies to SEPA.

 

Fish health regulations

 

Fish farm management in Scotland is regulated by the Aquaculture and Fisheries (Scotland) Act 2007 as amended by the Aquaculture and Fisheries (Scotland) Act 2013. The legislation covers the control of parasites and disease in fish, fish escapes and recovery of escaped fish.

 

Fish farms must have a farm management agreement or maintain a farm management statement, which sets forth arrangements for management of fish health and parasites, the movement of live fish to and from the farm and the harvesting of fish. A farm management agreement or farm management statement must be reviewed at least

 

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every two years. The Scottish government can take enforcement action against fish farms that do not have these arrangements in place.

 

Scottish government inspectors can carry out inspections on farms with regard to parasites and their control.

 

Fish disposal

 

The Animal By-Products (Enforcement) (Scotland) Regulations 2011 require fish that died but which were not slaughtered for human consumption, to be disposed of by rendering, incineration or, in exceptional circumstances, burial. The organization carrying out the incinerating/rendering activities (whether the fish farm itself or a third party) must have approval from the local authority’s animal health department and hold a pollution prevention and control permit.

 

Canada

 

In Canada, our operations are subject to provincial and federal licenses.

 

Federal licenses

 

Canadian federal government regulates fisheries and is responsible for most aspects of the aquaculture industry in British Columbia, including site licenses, production volumes, species to be produced, fish health, sea lice management, fish containment and waste control.

 

The Fisheries Act (Canada) and the regulations promulgated thereunder, namely the Pacific Aquaculture Regulations, establish the statutory framework for fisheries, including salmon farming operations. The Fisheries Act (Canada) is primarily enforced by the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans, or DFO. Pursuant to the Act, a Finfish Aquaculture License is required to operate a salmon farm in Canada. The current practice of the DFO is to issue Finfish Aquaculture Licenses for a one year period. Licenses are site-specific, and accordingly, a multiple-site operator must obtain a separate license for each site. Additional licenses are required for specific aquaculture activities, such as the importation of eggs and the transfer of fish within certain geographic areas.

 

All Finfish Aquaculture License applications require public consultation, which is most often conducted via an open house session in a local community near the area that is the subject of the application. The applicant may also be required to conduct feasibility studies, environmental assessments or other assessments (at the applicant’s expense) as may be requested by the DFO.

 

Applications for Finfish Aquaculture Licenses must also include a Management Plan and supporting materials. A Management Plan sets forth the applicant’s site operation plan.

 

When issuing a license for a new aquaculture site or making a substantial amendment to an existing license, the DFO considers several factors, including:

 

·                  fish habitat: benthic habitat, water quality, algae and primary production;

 

·                  fish resources: wild fish populations and population health, including finfish, marine mammals, sharks and invertebrate populations;

 

·                  species at risk;

 

·                  ecosystem effects per departmental guidance;

 

·                  wild fishery activities; and

 

·                  First Nations use of land to identify the potential for aboriginal rights or title over the subject property and to determine whether infringement of either might occur.

 

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There is no legislated cap on the number of Finfish Aquaculture Licenses that may be issued nor on the number of licenses that may be held by a company. As of August 2013 there were 125 Finfish Aquaculture Licenses issued and outstanding.

 

The Finfish Aquaculture Licenses establish operational conditions and production parameters that a fish farmer must observe, such as the MAB, the use of equipment at the site and environmental impact of the operation on the site. A typical site license authorizes operations ranging in size from 2,000 metric ton to 5,000 metric ton of MAB.

 

Environmental laws and regulations applicable to fish farms (including waste discharge) are administered through Finfish Aquaculture Licenses and failure to comply with the relevant laws and regulations may result in license revocation.

 

Site-specific conditions of a Finfish Aquaculture License vary based on geographic location, the species being cultivated and the facility type. Each site’s compliance with its license conditions are monitored by DFO and enforced under the Fisheries Act (Canada). Fish farms are subject to inspection by the DFO for compliance, enforcement and monitoring purposes and are also subject to inspection by a Canadian Food Inspection Agency, or CFIA, officer for the purpose of detecting diseases or toxic substances or ensuring compliance with the Health and Animals Act (Canada) and the Feeds Act (Canada) and the regulations thereunder.

 

In addition to a Finfish Aquaculture License, salmon farmers are required to obtain a Navigable Waters Protection Act approval to occupy navigable waters for marine transportation in Canada (all of our Canadian seawater operations are located in such waters and maintain the necessary approvals). The Act is enforced by Transport Canada. Approvals granted pursuant to the Act are perpetual provided that the site maintains a Finfish Aquaculture License, but may be revoked for non-compliance with the terms of the approval. Licenses for aquaculture facilities that substantially interfere with navigation are also assessed under the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act at the time of issuance.

 

Provincial licenses

 

All of our Canadian operations are located on Provincial Crown lands in British Columbia and are subject to its regulation, including requirement to obtain a provincial tenure license to occupy the ocean bottom. The license is issued pursuant to the Land Act (British Columbia) and the regulations adopted thereunder. The Act is enforced by the Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resources. Licenses typically have a tenure of ten to 20 years and such tenure cannot be less than five years. An annual fee is charged depending on the size of the land plot occupied. Licenses may be revoked for non-compliance with the terms of the license.

 

Certain other laws and regulations applicable to the Canadian aquaculture industry

 

Pacific aquaculture facilities must be operated in compliance with key environmental and health legislation such as the Health and Animals Act (Canada), Feeds Act (Canada), Food and Drugs Act (Canada), Pest Control Products Act (Canada), Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (Canada) and the Species at Risk Act (Canada) and the regulations thereunder.

 

Under these Acts, Canada ensures that aquatic animal health matters (disease prevention, detection and control, feed, medication and biologics) are addressed. The Acts are generally enforced by the DFO, the CFIA and Health Canada.

 

Regulation of Secondary Processing Facilities

 

Most of our secondary processing facilities require operational licenses and are subject to regulatory requirements, including food safety regulations, violations of which are subject to civil and criminal sanction. In some cases, non-governmental entities may also have the right to sue to enforce compliance.

 

The following discussion concentrates on license and regulatory requirements of our secondary operations in France and Belgium, which comprise the majority of our secondary processing activities prior to consolidation of the Morpol operations.

 

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France

 

Pursuant to article L. 233-2 of the French Rural and Maritime Fishery Code, implementing European regulation n°852/2004 of April 29, 2004, all establishments handling, processing, preparing and stocking products of animal origin must be authorized by the French Ministry of Agriculture. The authorization is granted upon establishing that the production site is in compliance with the relevant hygiene and sanitary requirements. Such requirements typically include adequacy of a food safety control system, which primarily provides for training of employees and implementation of self-monitoring procedures. A producer may also have to ensure traceability of the products it sells (e.g., the producer must be able to identify its suppliers and commercial customers and products that were delivered to such customers).

 

The initial authorization is granted for a provisional three-month term, during which time the site operator provides information on hygiene and sanitary conditions at the site to the governmental authorities. If an administrative review carried out during that period confirms that the relevant hygiene and sanitary requirements are well implemented, a permanent authorization is granted. If not, the provisional agreement may be terminated or extended by not more than three months.

 

In addition, secondary processing operations are subject to declaration, registration or authorization with the French environmental authorities pursuant to articles L.511-1 of the French Environment Code. The nature and the volume of the secondary processing activities determine whether such activities must be declared or registered or require governmental authorization. All of our French operations are subject to governmental authorizations. The authorizations contain stringent requirements concerning the facility and its operating conditions. Such requirements include emergency protocols and existence of analytical and measurement equipment necessary to operate the facility and monitor its effects on the environment. Operational results of our facilities are reported to the classified facilities general inspectorate and the service in charge of water quality monitoring, both of which are units or departments of the Ministry of Sustainable Development.

 

Belgium

 

The Belgian Royal Decree of January 16, 2006 sets forth rules for authorizations, approvals and registrations of food chain operators in Belgium. The Decree is administered by the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain, or FASFC. Pursuant to the Decree, all food chain operators must be registered with the FASFC and all activities relating to manufacturing, packaging or re-packaging of processed fishery products must be authorized by the FASFC.

 

To receive an FASFC authorization, an operator must comply with all relevant European Regulations and Belgian laws and regulations. These include, Regulation (EC) No 852/2004 on hygiene of foodstuffs, Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 on specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin, the Belgian Royal Decree of December 22, 2005 on hygiene of foodstuffs, the Belgian Royal Decree of December 22, 2005 on hygiene rules for food of animal origin and the Belgian Royal Decree of November 14, 2003 on the self-monitoring, reporting and traceability.

 

Regulations relevant for our Belgian operations may be categorized into three main categories: infrastructure regulations (e.g., rules on the layout, design, construction and size of our processing facilities), equipment conditions (e.g., use of ventilation systems, drainage facilities, fittings and equipment that comes into contact with food) and operating conditions (e.g., hygiene measures, removal of food waste, personal hygiene and packaging of foodstuffs).

 

The FASFC authorizations are not time limited. However, the FASFC can suspend an authorization if it finds irregularities that can be fixed within a reasonable timeframe. The FASFC can also revoke an authorization in cases involving more egregious violations. These include infrastructure and equipment’s non-compliance with the relevant regulations if such non-compliance cannot be remedied within reasonable time, non-compliance with the operating conditions, hindering or refusing of inspections by the FASFC and non-compliance with the FASFC conditions imposed in connection with a suspension of an authorization.

 

Our Belgian operations have obtained all necessary authorizations for the following activities: cold store, processing plant and fresh fishery products plant.

 

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Poland

 

Pursuant to the regulations on animal products, the Polish Act of 16 December 2005 implementing European Regulations Nos. 852/2004, 853/2004, 854/2004, and 882/2004, companies intending to conduct activities relating to animal products must obtain authorizations with regard to certain aspects of their production facilities. Such companies are obliged to submit to the relevant District Veterinary Officer, or DVO, technical specifications and floor plans of the facility for the authorization. They are also obliged to inform the relevant DVO of the scope, volume and type of the planned production. If alterations occur during the operation of such production facilities, companies are required to obtain authorization from the DVO. Such entity is then entered into the register kept by the DVO. The DVO will impose a fine on any entity that fails to obtain such authorizations. Our Polish facility has obtained such authorizations.

 

Pursuant to Article 5, Section 1 of European Regulation No. 852/2004, processing facilities are required to implement a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points, or HACCP, system, which enforces good manufacturing and hygienic practices. In the event the HACCP system is not implemented, the operator of a facility may be fined under the respective provisions of the Polish Act of 25 August 2006 on food and nutrition safety. The HACCP system does not require any formal approval or certification. However, an operator’s HAACP system may be subject to an audit carried out by the DVO. Our Polish facility has implemented its HACCP system and the implementation has been recognized by the DVO.

 

The DVO and Polish Sanitation Department conduct periodic inspections to monitor compliance with the relevant legal requirements governing the operation of processing facilities. The DVO monitors compliance with regulations governing the main activities of the production sites, while the Sanitation Department monitors regulations governing other activities, such as water usage. Products made in such facilities are also subject to quality control regulations. Such quality control regulations cover the organoleptic, physical, chemical and microbiological properties of agricultural and food products. To satisfy quality control regulations, agricultural and food products must also satisfy requirements regarding production methods, packaging, presentation and labeling that are otherwise not covered by hygiene, veterinary or phytosanitary requirements. If a facility obtains a negative result in an audit or inspection, the facility may be required to follow specific recommendations or, in the event of gross failure, to cease production in the facility.

 

Companies seeking to export processed fish may be required to obtain further authorizations if the relevant third-party country requires such authorizations. Where such authorizations are required, companies must file an application with the DVO. The DVO then assesses whether a particular facility satisfies the third-party country’s relevant requirements. If the DVO finds that such requirements are satisfied, it grants the respective authorization. The DVO enters the authorization into a register listing the countries to which the company may export fish products. If an operator does not obtain such authorization and is not listed in the DVO register, it may be subject to a fine from the DVO for conducting activities connected to the export of fish products. Our Polish facility has obtained all such authorizations and is entered in the relevant registers.

 

Facility operators must also satisfy environmental regulations relating to production. Production sites are obliged to conduct all activities in accordance with the provisions of the Polish Environmental Protection of Law of 27 April 2001. Before commencing operations, operators must obtain certain environmental permits, including, but not limited to, waste production permits and water permits. Companies that conduct operations without such required permits may be subject to arrest or fine. Our Polish facility has obtained all required permits.

 

GRAPHICFood Safety Regulation

 

We work to ensure our products meet or exceed the relevant regulatory standards for food safety and quality. They are strictly monitored and controlled through a set of operating standards and procedures as defined by our global quality system Qmarine, ensuring that we can provide healthy and safe seafood for our customers and consumers. Because we are a global food company with farming operations in six countries and a global distribution network, we are subject to food safety requirements established by local food safety authorities in various jurisdictions.

 

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In the United States, our products are subject to inspection by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA. The FDA enacts and enforces regulations relating to the manufacturing, distribution, and labeling of food products.

 

Within the European Union, our products are subject to inspection by the European Food Safety Authority, or EFSA. EFSA is an agency of the European Union that provides independent scientific advice and communication on existing and emerging risks associated with the food chain. EFSA is not responsible for the European food safety legislation nor for its enforcement. The European Commission, the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union and the national authorities in each European Union Member State are responsible for decisions on the European Union food safety legislation.

 

Our products distributed in the United States must comply with the applicable FDA regulations and our products distributed in the European Union must comply with the applicable EFSA standards.

 

Our failure to comply with such regulations or standards may result in regulatory actions taken against us by a regulator, voluntary or mandatory recalls of our products, damage to our reputation and other negative consequences to us and our business.

 

Our products distributed outside the United States and the European Union are subject to similar regulations.

 

Regulatory and Other Proceedings

 

From time to time, we receive notices and inquiries from regulatory authorities and others asserting that we are not in compliance with particular laws and regulations. In some instances, litigation ensues. In addition, individuals may initiate litigation against us.

 

In 2012 Listeria monocytogenes was detected in our cold smoked salmon sold in the US and processed at our factory in Chile. A voluntary recall was carried out in agreement with the FDA. No illness was reported in relation to the incident and the recall was carried out as a precautionary measure to prevent any risk of food borne disease.

 

In the second quarter 2013, one container of our fresh salmon shipped from our third party processor in Chile to the US was stopped by the FDA due to detection of trace amounts of crystal violet (CV) in a product sample. Crystal violet is a dye with antibacterial properties but which is not approved as a drug for use in salmon. The dye has  many applications and is often found in textile and ink in pens and printers . Marine Harvest and Primar, the third party processing plant, carried out a root cause analysis and investigation of the case. The root cause analysis identified the most likely source being contamination of a small number of products from CV-containing ink at the processing plant Primar, even though no positive product samples were found. Corrective actions have been taken at Primar.

 

Marine Harvest Norway AS is under investigation for production of smolt exceeding the formal permit level. Marine Harvest Norway AS has recognized a minor provision in the financial statements for a potential fine.

 

In Canada we are under review with regards to heavy metal contamination in the sediment under some of our farms. We are also investigated for overproduction at one site where we voluntarily reported standing biomass exceeding the limit our license in December 2012. Further, we have received notification of back rent and penalties for one site having anchors outside the tenure boundaries.

 

Environmental Control Systems and Certifications

 

We have implemented an environmental policy based on ensuring that our activities and growth are developed in harmony with the environment. We have an Environmental Coordination Committee composed of members from different functions within our company that oversees implementation of our environmental policy and monitors our environmental practices.

 

In May 2013, we announced our commitment to have all our production farms certified against the Aquaculture Stewardship Council standard for responsibly farmed salmon by 2020. Of all existing standards

 

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addressing environmental issues, this is the one that imposes the strictest environmental requirements. Our first two farms were ASC certified on February 7, 2014.

 

We use internationally recognized management systems to manage many of our regulatory programs. For example, we use the International Organization for Standardization, or ISO, 22000, 9001, 14001 standards to manage and optimize quality systems and environmental performance. ISO guidelines require a long-term management plan integrating regular third-party audits, goal setting, corrective action, documentation and executive review. Our farms are also certified through GlobalGAP, Naturland Organic, BioSuisse Organic, EU Organic Aquaculture, Freedom Food, Label Rouge, PGI and COGP. We use ISO 22000 standards to manage our secondary processing facilities. Our secondary processing facilities are also certified through IFS, BRC, BIO, GlobalGAP, ASC, the Marine Stewardship Council, Safe Quality Food Certificate and Kosher.

 

Our Environmental Management System, or EMS, which conforms to the ISO 14001:2004 standard, addresses the significant environmental aspects of our operations, provides employee training programs and facilitates engagement with local communities and regulators. Most importantly, the EMS allows the collection, analysis and reporting of relevant environmental data to facilitate our compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations.

 

We are also aware of the need to increase and expand our environmental control systems in line with the pace of growth and diversification expected over the next few years. All new investments involving an increase in production must meet standards already reached elsewhere and, if possible, improve these standards.

 

C. Organizational Structure

 

Our primary subsidiaries are Marine Harvest Norway AS, Marine Harvest Canada Inc., Marine Harvest Chile S.A., Marine Harvest Pieters NV, Marine Harvest Kritsen SAS, Marine Harvest (Scotland) Ltd. and Morpol ASA.

 

D. Property, Plants and Equipment.

 

We are headquartered in Bergen, Norway, located at Sandviksboder 77 A/B, 5035 Bergen, Norway. We lease our headquarters. We also have offices in Oslo, Norway, located at Tordenskoldsgt 8-10, where we lease our offices.

 

For further information on our farming and processing facilities, including on capacity and utilization, see “—B. Business Overview.”

 

ITEM 4A.    Unresolved Staff Comments

 

Not Applicable.

 

ITEM 5.    Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

 

You should read the following operating and financial review and prospects together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. Certain statements in this section are “forward-looking statements” and are subject to risks and uncertainties, which may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Please see “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” for more information.

 

Overview

 

We are a leading seafood company and the world’s largest producer of farmed salmon, offering fresh salmon, processed salmon and other processed seafood to customers in 70 countries worldwide. We currently engage in two principle types of activities:

 

·                  Fish farming and primary processing of fish in Norway, Scotland, Canada, Chile, Ireland and the Faroe Islands, and

 

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·                  Secondary processing of seafood in Norway, Chile, Ireland, the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Poland, the Czech Republic, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and Vietnam.

 

Our fish farming operations consist of raising farmed salmon throughout their life cycle, from egg to harvest, in a controlled environment and subsequently harvesting and primary processing the fish. At harvestable weight, the salmon undergoes primary processing into gutted weight which is the main commodity sold to the markets and used in most reference prices. Our customers are retailers, secondary processors, including our own operations and distributors.

 

Our secondary processing entails using the gutted fish to prepare products such as fillets, portions, smoked salmon and other portions of fish. Secondary processing activities include packaging the products and further preparation to create ready-to heat or ready-to-eat products. Our customers of secondary processed salmon include other secondary processors of salmon, retailers such as grocery stores and food service providers such as hotels and other service and catering entities.

 

In 2013, 65% of our sold volume derived from Norway, 8% from Chile, 14% from Scotland, 10% from Canada, and the remaining 3% from the Faroe Islands and Ireland.

 

In 2012, we began transforming ourselves from a production-driven fish farming company into an integrated marine protein producer, expanding into fish feed and broadening our secondary processing operations. To this end, in 2012 we broke ground on a fish feed plant in Norway, which we expect to supply up to 60% of our Norwegian fish feed requirements by 2015 (representing approximately 40% of our global fish feed needs based on 2013 production). At year-end 2013, construction of the feed plant is on schedule and on budget with regards to completion and we expect the first deliveries to reach our farms in June/July 2014. Also, in 2012 and 2013, we acquired Morpol ASA, or Morpol, a world leading secondary processor of salmon with processing facilities in Poland, United Kingdom and Vietnam.

 

We harvested 343,772 tons and 392,306 tons of salmon GWE in 2013 and 2012, respectively. Our EBIT was NOK 4,661.8 million and NOK 1,009.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Our Operational EBIT was NOK 3,212.4 million and NOK 643.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Our return on capital employed, or ROCE, was 18.5% and 3.9% for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Group Operational EBIT and ROCE are non-IFRS financial measures. See “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for a description of how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and ROCE and for a reconciliation of Group Operational EBIT to EBIT.

 

Business Areas and Segments

 

We are organized into three business areas: Feed, Farming and Sales and Marketing.

 

·                  Feed was established as a business area in 2012 and represents our first feed plant which is located in Bjugn, Norway. Fish Feed will constitute a new operating segment for us.

 

·                  Farming is composed of a single operating segment representing our farming operations in Norway (four regions), Scotland, Canada, Chile, Ireland and the Faroe Islands. This segment also includes primary processing activities and some filleting activities (a secondary processing activity).

 

·                  Sales and Marketing is composed of three operating segments:

 

·                  Markets: the segment comprises activities relating to sales of our primary processed products obtained from the Farming business and, to a lesser extent, purchased from third parties. It also includes logistics and delivery of our products to third-party customers as well as to our internal secondary processing operations (including VAP Europe and Morpol) and secondary processing activities outside Europe.

 

·                  VAP Europe: the segment includes our European secondary processing and value added operations, as well as end-product sales, including logistics; and

 

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·                  Morpol processing: the segment includes Morpol’s European secondary processing activities consolidated into our figures with effect from September 30, 2013.

 

In addition to our principal operating segments, we have a group of ‘‘other’’ activities, consisting of corporate functions and our white halibut farming operations.

 

The diagram below demonstrates activities that will be conducted by our business areas after our Fish Feed segment begins production.

 

GRAPHIC

 

Value creation by source of origin

 

Our Farming business is engaged in the production, harvesting and primary (and some secondary) processing of fish. For reporting purposes, Farming sells its main products (i.e., salmon gutted weight) to the Markets segment at prices quoted by NOS Clearing ASA (NOS price) or similar salmon pricing indices (refer to “—Key Factors Affecting Results of Operations—Key Factors Affecting Revenue—Prices—Reference price for salmon” section below for a further discussion of pricing indices). Where Markets enters into medium or short term contracts with third parties, salmon is sold from Farming to Markets at prices reflected in such contracts. The Markets segment resells some of the primary processed salmon to (i) third parties or (ii) VAP Europe or Morpol for further processing. Markets also include some secondary processing activities. VAP Europe, and to some extent Morpol secondary processes salmon purchased from Markets, together with other salmon and seafood products purchased from third parties (with third party purchases comprising approximately 34% of VAP Europe’s total production inputs by value in 2013 and 80% of the Morpol purchases by value in 2013) and sells those products to third parties.

 

We assess the overall value creation of our operations based on salmon’s source of origin, using Operational EBIT per kilogram of fish harvested as a key measure of performance. For this reason, salmon-related Operational EBIT in Markets, VAP Europe and Morpol is allocated back to the salmon’s country of origin.

 

The relationship between our functional segments and our operational reporting per country of origin is illustrated by the diagram below:

 

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(1)         Includes secondary processing operations in the Czech Republic.

(2)         Includes secondary processing operations in the United States and Chile. Chile smoked salmon operations closed in 2013.

(3)         Includes secondary processing operations in Japan, China, Taiwan, South Korea and Vietnam.

(4)         Where Markets enters into medium or short term sales contracts with third parties salmon is sold from Farming to Markets at prices reflected in such contracts. See “—Key Factors Affecting Results of Operations—Key Factors Affecting Revenue—Prices—Contracts and Derivative Instruments” for a discussion of such contracts.

 

The table below sets forth our Operational EBIT by country of origin of our salmon for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

 

 

(in NOK millions)

 

Operational EBIT—salmon of Norwegian origin(1)

 

2,410.2

 

823.5

 

1,990.6

 

Operational EBIT—salmon of Scottish origin(1)

 

602.7

 

153.0

 

519.3

 

Operational EBIT—salmon of Canadian origin(1)

 

336.8

 

-140.1

 

39.6

 

Operational EBIT—salmon of Chilean origin(1)

 

-65.7

 

-90.9

 

110.6

 

Operational EBIT—salmon of Irish origin(1)

 

-29.6

 

13.6

 

74.4

 

Operational EBIT—salmon of Faroese origin(1)

 

84.2

 

12.1

 

60.9

 

Operational EBIT—other(2)

 

-126.3

 

-127.8

 

-78.1

 

Operational EBIT for the Group(1)

 

3,212.4

 

643.4

 

2,717.3

 

 


(1)         Operational EBIT by country of origin and at Group level is a non-IFRS financial measure. See “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and for reconciliation of Operational EBIT to EBIT.

(2)         Includes corporate functions, our white halibut operations and items not related to our own salmon of a specific origin.

 

The table below sets forth our EBIT by country of origin of our salmon for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

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Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

 

 

(in NOK millions)

 

EBIT—salmon of Norwegian origin

 

3,641.1

 

1,421.1

 

240.5

 

EBIT—salmon of Scottish origin

 

757.8

 

151.8

 

300.5

 

EBIT—salmon of Canadian origin

 

569.0

 

-159.6

 

-275.2

 

EBIT—salmon of Chilean origin

 

21.5

 

-158.4

 

37.2

 

EBIT—salmon of Irish origin

 

-26.9

 

-21.8

 

62.1

 

EBIT—salmon of Faroese origin

 

175.2

 

18.7

 

8.0

 

EBIT—other(1)

 

-475.9

 

-242.0

 

32.9

 

Group EBIT

 

4,661.8

 

1,009.8

 

406.0

 

 


(1)         Includes corporate functions, our white halibut operations and items not related to our own salmon of a specific origin.

 

The table below sets forth our Operational EBIT per kilogram harvested by country of origin of our salmon for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

 

 

(in NOK per kg)

 

Operational EBIT—salmon of Norwegian origin(1)

 

10.83

 

3.23

 

9.15

 

Operational EBIT—salmon of Scottish origin(1)

 

12.45

 

3.80

 

10.35

 

Operational EBIT—salmon of Canadian origin(1)

 

10.19

 

-3.48

 

1.17

 

Operational EBIT—salmon of Chilean origin(1)

 

-2.32

 

-2.26

 

4.26

 

Operational EBIT—salmon of Irish origin(1)

 

-5.02

 

1.45

 

7.97

 

Operational EBIT—salmon of Faroese origin(1)

 

14.86

 

1.76

 

10.27

 

Operational EBIT—other(1)(2)

 

-0.37

 

-0.33

 

-0.23

 

Group Operational EBIT(1)

 

9.34

 

1.64

 

7.93

 

 


(1)         Operational EBIT by country of origin and at Group level is a non-IFRS financial measure. See “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and for reconciliation of Operational EBIT to EBIT.

(2)         Includes corporate functions, our white halibut operations and items not related to our own salmon of a specific origin, divided by total harvested volume.

 

The table below sets forth our EBIT per kilogram harvested by country of origin of our salmon for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

 

 

(NOK per kg)

 

EBIT—salmon of Norwegian origin

 

16.36

 

5.57

 

1.11

 

EBIT—salmon of Scottish origin

 

15.66

 

3.77

 

5.99

 

EBIT—salmon of Canadian origin

 

17.21

 

-3.97

 

-8.11

 

EBIT—salmon of Chilean origin

 

0.76

 

-3.94

 

1.43

 

EBIT—salmon of Irish origin

 

-4.58

 

-2.31

 

6.66

 

EBIT—salmon of Faroese origin

 

30.93

 

2.72

 

1.36

 

EBIT—other(1)

 

-1.38

 

-0.62

 

0.10

 

Group EBIT

 

13.56

 

2.57

 

1.18

 

 


(1)         Includes corporate functions, our white halibut operations and items not related to our own salmon of a specific origin, divided by total harvested volume.

 

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Key Factors Affecting Results of Operations

 

Key Factors Affecting Revenue

 

Our primary source of revenue is sales of primary and secondary processed seafood (including VAP). Revenue generated by our products is the factor of volumes sold and the price that we achieve for our products. As our products are shipped long distance by road, air and water, our revenues include a substantial freight element since the freight cost is paid by customers.

 

Sales of salmon and salmon-derived products represented 91.0%, 89.8% and 91.6% of our revenue for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Fresh whole (i.e., primary processed) salmon represented 52.6%, 54.4% and 55.0% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, while the sale of secondary processed salmon accounted for 35.8%, 34.6% and 35.6%, respectively, of our revenue for the same periods.

 

The following table sets forth a breakdown of our sales of seafood by product type for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

 

 

(in thousands of NOK)

 

Fresh whole salmon

 

9,940,097

 

8,353,954

 

8,609,922

 

Fresh elaborated salmon

 

5,460,840

 

4,171,500

 

4,477,409

 

Frozen whole salmon

 

484,295

 

117,483

 

160,003

 

Frozen elaborated salmon

 

1,306,773

 

1,135,615

 

1,097,007

 

Other products

 

1,710,058

 

1,564,186

 

1,321,413

 

Total Revenues

 

18,902,063

 

15,342,737

 

15,665,753

 

 

We sell salmon and other seafood directly to retailers, hotels, restaurants as well as to third party processors and distributors in 70 countries worldwid. The following table sets forth a breakdown of our sales of seafood by geographic region for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

 

 

(in thousands of NOK)

 

Europe ex Russia

 

12,897,055

 

10,501,875

 

10,987,615

 

Russia

 

909,802

 

626,829

 

541,101

 

Americas

 

3,146,326

 

2,737,979

 

2,870,697

 

Asia

 

1,772,856

 

1,371,729

 

1,141,280

 

Rest of the world

 

176,076

 

104,325

 

125,061

 

Total Revenues

 

18,902,063

 

15,342,737

 

15,665,753

 

 

Volume

 

Primary processed products

 

The following table sets forth the volume of salmon harvested by us by country of origin for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in tons GWE)

 

Salmon of Norwegian origin

 

222,494

 

255,306

 

217,510

 

Salmon of Scottish origin

 

48,389

 

40,261

 

50,174

 

Salmon of Canadian origin

 

33,059

 

40,217

 

33,917

 

Salmon of Chilean origin

 

28,281

 

40,222

 

25,960

 

Salmon of Irish origin

 

5,883

 

9,407

 

9,332

 

Salmon of Faroese origin

 

5,665

 

6,893

 

5,927

 

Total harvested volume of salmon

 

343,772

 

392,306

 

342,820

 

 

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Harvested volume primarily depends on (i) the quantities of smolt introduced into our operations, which are determined by us one-to-two years prior to harvesting, (ii) fish growth rates and (iii) our harvest schedule.

 

The quantities of smolt introduced into our operations are based on our expectations for the demand for finished product at harvest time, anticipated product prices and our organic growth ambitions in light of regulatory restraints (e.g., maximum standing biomass in production established by our farming licenses).

 

Fish growth rates are affected by water temperature, disease and other biological issues. As salmon is a cold-blooded animal, seawater temperature plays an important role for its growth rate. With high seawater temperatures, disease risk increases, while temperatures below freezing causes mass mortality. Similarly, biological factors, disease, sea lice and stress of fish each negatively impact the rate of growth of our fish and may result in fish mortality.

 

Volumes in a period are also affected by our harvest schedule, i.e., when we decide to harvest fish from a particular location. Our harvest window is effectively limited by fish age, as fish must be harvested prior to maturation, but we have a limited ability to accelerate or delay harvest (typically, by a matter of weeks) to optimize price achievement.

 

Secondary processed products

 

The majority of our secondary processing occurs in our VAP Europe and Morpol Processing segments, while some secondary processing also occurs in our Markets segment in Americas, Asia and Europe. Some filleting activities are also carried out by our Farming operations. The volume of secondary processed salmon, including VAP, produced by us depends on the market demand for our secondary processed seafood and the production capacities  of our operations.

 

In 2013, approximately 66% of the fish used in our secondary processing business in VAP Europe, as measured by value, was produced by our fish farms, while about 20% of the fish used by Morpol processing was produced by us. We have a constant supply of raw materials used in production and can vary our volume of secondary processed seafood based on the projected customer demand. Sales of salmon-based products accounted for 69% of the total sales of VAP Europe in 2013, with the remaining 31% representing sales of products based on other fish species, such as cod, Alaska pollack, shrimp, plaice, redfish and pangasius, a type of catfish native to Asia. Morpol Processing mainly produces salmon-based products.

 

Prices

 

The price received for our products is determined by the relevant market prices. Our achieved prices may deviate from market prices due to differences in quality of our product, our use of contracts, which typically fix the sales price for a period of three to 12 months and our ability to place our products efficiently in the market. We aim to sell our products at or above market prices and we measure our ability to do so through price achievement, which measures the prices at which we sell our products against the relevant salmon price index or reference price.

 

We are actively pursuing strategies to reduce our dependence on market prices for salmon by increasing our capacity for producing more value added products, which are generally associated with more stable consumer prices In line with this strategy, we have acquired Morpol, a world leading secondary and value added processor of salmon. During 2012, we also opened a major new secondary processing facility in Boulogne, France, a small secondary processing line in the Czech Republic and a small new greenfield secondary processing factory in Osaka, Japan. In 2013, we opened secondary processing facilities in South Korea and Taiwan and we expanded our smoked salmon capacity at our facilities in Belfast, Maine. In December 2013 our Board approved the plan to complete the first section of our secondary processing facilities outside Edinburgh, Scotland, acquired through the Morpol acquisition. The plant is expected to start operations in October 2014, producing fresh fillets and smoked salmon for

 

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the UK and export markets. In order to further strengthen our competitiveness in the production of value added products, we have initiated a restructuring of our operations in VAP Europe, reducing the number of production facilities from 13 to eight. This restructuring is expected to be completed in 2014. Two plants have been closed in 2013 and the first quarter of 2014, while one plant was sold in January 2014. The remaining plants are expected to be closed in the second quarter of 2014.

 

Reference prices for salmon

 

Several price indices for salmon are publicly available. The two most important indices for Norwegian salmon are NOS/Fish Pool provided by NOS Clearing ASA, a subsidiary of NASDAQ OMX Group Inc., and the official statistics of Norway by Statistics Norway, or SSB, a Norwegian governmental entity. Urner Barry in the United States provides a reference price for Chilean salmon in Miami and North American salmon in Seattle. Price correlation across regional markets is generally strong for Atlantic salmon.

 

 

The following table sets forth salmon reference prices per kilogram, based upon source of origin, for years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

Prices in NOK

 

 

 

Year ended
December 31,

 

Change

 

Change

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

2013 vs. 2012

 

2012 vs. 2011

 

Norwegian origin(1)

 

38.97

 

26.15

 

30.22

 

49.0

%

-13.5

%

Chilean origin(2)

 

25.20

 

18.83

 

25.78

 

33.8

%

-26.8

%

North American origin(3)

 

19.06

 

13.04

 

16.99

 

46.2

%

-23.1

%

 

Prices in the currency of the market

 

 

 

Year ended
December 31,

 

Change

 

Change

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

2013 vs. 2012

 

2012 vs. 2011

 

Norwegian origin (EUR)(1)

 

4.99

 

3.50

 

3.88

 

42.4

%

-9.8

%

Chilean origin (USD)(2)

 

4.29

 

3.24

 

4.60

 

32.3

%

-29.4

%

North American origin (USD)(3)

 

3.24

 

2.25

 

3.03

 

44.5

%

-25.9

%

 


(1)         Average superior price per kilogram gutted weight (NOS FCA Oslo).

(2)         Average C trim price per kilogram (Urner Barry Miami two to three pounds). C trim refers to a trim of salmon fillet with (a) backbone off, (b) belly bone off, (c) back fin off, fin tissue on and (d) collarbone off.

(3)         Average superior price per pound gutted weight (Urner Barry Seattle 10 to 12 pounds).

 

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Historically, reference prices for salmon have been subject to significant fluctuations, as demand for salmon has been growing steadily, whereas industry supply has been fluctuating strongly due to variations in factors such as smolt release and biological factors, including disease.

 

Although the market price of salmon is established through supply and demand for the product, in the short term, salmon producers are expected to be price takers. The long production cycle and a short time window available for harvesting, leave salmon farmers with limited flexibility to manage their short term supply. In addition, salmon is generally sold as a fresh commodity with a limited product life span, further limiting producers’ ability to control short term supply.

 

Global harvest volume of salmon by region for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 was as follows:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in tons GWE)

 

Norway

 

1,029,200

 

1,064,800

 

905,000

 

Chile

 

421,300

 

327,600

 

198,900

 

Scotland

 

142,000

 

143,500

 

139,200

 

North America

 

121,900

 

140,500

 

115,500

 

Faroe Islands

 

64,700

 

63,300

 

50,700

 

Australia

 

33,800

 

32,900

 

32,400

 

Ireland

 

9,800

 

14,000

 

14,400

 

Other

 

13,100

 

10,500

 

4,500

 

Total global harvest volume of salmon

 

1,835,800

 

1,797,100

 

1,460,600

 

 


Source: Kontali Database

 

Between 2012 and 2013, reference prices for salmon increased significantly, primarily driven by the strong demand and stagnating growth in supply.  Supply from Norway declined in the period, while supply from Chile increased by 93,700 tons of gutted weight salmon. The Chilean salmon farming industry was affected by a severe outbreak of Infectious Salmon Anemia between 2007 and 2009, and, as a result, the harvested volume of Atlantic salmon in Chile fell from approximately 350,000 to approximately 117,000 tons of gutted weight from 2005 to 2010. Since 2011, the Chilean industry has been experiencing a recovery, with the harvest volume rising to 421,300 tons of gutted weight in 2013.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2013, reference prices for salmon experienced a recovery compared to  2012, increasing by 42.4% for Norwegian salmon and 32.3% and 44.5% for Chilean and North American salmon, respectively.

 

As our Irish operation produces mainly organic salmon there is no reference price available for benchmarking our salmon of Irish origin. Salmon from our Irish operations is mainly sold on short- to medium-term contracts.

 

Prices for the products produced by VAP Europe and Morpol Processing are primarily driven by customer demand and the cost of the raw materials used in production. Because secondary processed products, including VAP, to some extent are considered to be premium products, demand fluctuates with the state of regional and global economies and the consumers’ general wealth. In addition, global trends in consumer tastes affect demand for such products. The cost of raw materials is largely dependent on reference prices, especially Atlantic salmon prices, the majority of which we supply internally from our Farming segment. In 2013, raw material prices have been high due to the reasons described above.

 

Quality

 

Quality of our fish may greatly affect the price we are able to achieve in comparison to the reference price. Diseases, sea lice, biological issues (such as Kudoa) and stress may all impact the quality of our fish, resulting in

 

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downgrading and lower achieved prices. In addition, when the fish reaches reproductive maturity, or maturation, its flesh color and meat quality changes, resulting in product downgrade.

 

Fish may be classified as superior, ordinary or production quality. Superior quality fish is a product without damage or defect and that provides a positive overall impression. Ordinary quality fish is a product with limited external or internal faults, damage or defects. Production quality fish is a product that does not satisfy the requirements of either superior or ordinary quality due to product faults, damage or defects. In Norway, downgraded fish is normally priced based on standard rates of deduction compared to a superior quality fish. For fish classified as ordinary the standard rate of reduction is NOK 1.50 to NOK 2.00 per kilogram gutted weight. For fish classified as production grade the standard rate of reduction is NOK 5.00 to NOK 15.00 per kilogram gutted weight depending on the reason for downgrading. In other countries price deductions related to quality are not as standardized, but the same general principles apply.

 

The following table sets forth the share of superior quality salmon harvested by us in the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended
December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Quality—superior share

 

89

%

91

%

92

%

 

Contracts and Derivative Instruments

 

To limit our exposure to short and medium term fluctuations in salmon prices, we enter into sales contracts for future deliveries of our products. Our sales contracts generally have a duration of three to 12 months, and in the past have covered between 15% and 40% of our global harvest volume for the upcoming quarter. Our goal is that our contract coverage ratio should remain between 20% and 50%. The following table sets forth our contract coverage for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended
December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Contract coverage(1)

 

37

%

33

%

43

%

 


(1)         Contract coverage represents the percentage of our products that was sold pursuant to short and medium term (three to 12 months) fixed price contracts.

 

Contracts mitigate our exposure to fluctuations in salmon prices, but can also result in us selling our products at prices that are lower than reference price.

 

We also utilize salmon derivatives to hedge our exposure to fluctuations in reference prices of salmon. Salmon derivatives provide the same hedge against exposure to spot price fluctuations as contracts for sale of salmon to customers, so we use hedging instruments as well as contracts to achieve our contract coverage goals described above. Gain and loss recognized by us through our salmon derivatives, both realized and unrealized, for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

Realized gain/loss(1)

 

31.0

 

79.4

 

197.7

 

Unrealized gain/loss(2)

 

-30.2

 

-105.8

 

109.3

 

Financial gain/loss(3)

 

3.9

 

 

12.4

 

 


(1)         Recognized in revenue/cost of material.

(2)         Recognized in other income.

(3)         Recognized in other financial items.

 

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Realized operational gains and losses on salmon derivative instruments are recognized within revenues or cost of materials. Unrealized operational gains and losses are included in other income, but we exclude this value when calculating Operational EBIT. In addition to the operational hedging, we also invest in salmon derivatives as a financial activity. Both realized and unrealized gains and losses from such activities are classified as financial items.

 

Price Achievement

 

The average price achievement measures the prices that we are able to achieve on our products against a salmon price index. The achievement is measured against NOS for salmon of Norwegian and Faroese origin, a derived NOS (NOS + NOK 2.90 in 2013) for salmon of Scottish origin and Urner Barry for salmon of Canadian and Chilean origin. Our price achievement compared to the reference prices for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 was as follows:

 

 

 

Year ended
December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Average price achievement

 

95

%

105

%

110

%

 

The average price achievement measure demonstrates our ability to sell our products at above market rates and is thus an important measure of our success. Price achievement is primarily affected by contract coverage, fish quality and our ability to place our products efficiently in the market.

 

Key Factors Affecting Costs

 

Our costs are primarily affected by the cost of our fish feed, other purchases (including third-party raw material sourcing), salaries, other operational costs and biological factors. We use these cost categories to track our costs at consolidated level.

 

Costs in our Farming segment are categorized into feed costs, other seawater cost and non-seawater costs and we track these costs per kilogram of fish harvested, where:

 

·                  fish feed costs measure the cost of fish feed;

 

·                  other seawater costs measure costs relating to smolt, salaries, insurance, medication and other direct and indirect costs attributable to fish production at sea; and

 

·                  non-seawater costs are the cost of bringing the fish from the seawater site to the primary processing facility, primary processing costs, administration costs, exceptional mortality costs and other non-seawater costs incurred by our Farming segment.

 

These costs (fish feed, other seawater costs and non-seawater costs) represent the total cost for one kilogram gutted salmon packed in a standard box for shipping (“cost in box”). The term “cost in box” is widely used by the industry and analyst community as an indicator of operational efficiency in fish farming operations. These costs are included in the following line items in our consolidated statement of operations: cost of materials, salary and personnel expenses, other operating expenses and depreciation. The total of feed cost and other seawater costs is the cost of harvested fish in seawater, before transportation to the processing plant. We refer to these costs as biomass costs.

 

Costs in our Sales and Marketing business are primarily composed of costs of raw materials (e.g., primary processed salmon), which we predominantly produce internally, and costs associated with running secondary processing operations, such as salaries, utilities, etc. We measure our secondary processing operational efficiency through yield and throughput. Yield measures the number of kilograms of end product we are able to produce from one kilogram of raw materials. Throughput measures our secondary processing cost per kilogram produced.

 

Because it takes two to three years to bring a salmon to its harvest size, fish feed prices and prices for other costs associated with the farming of fish accumulate over multiple periods (i.e., the entire life of fish) and affect our cost of materials recognized in the period when our fish is harvested and sold. Costs associated with secondary processing are expensed in the period in which the product in sold.

 

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The following table demonstrates the composition of our cost of materials recognized in the year ended December 31, 2013:

 

 

 

 

Year ended
December 31, 2013

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

Feed purchases(1)

 

4,998.6

 

Other purchases(2)

 

5,809.5

 

Net to (from) stock/change in inventory(3)

 

-2,176.9

 

Freight and other income reductions(4)

 

1,402.6

 

Other costs of materials

 

-35.3

 

Cost of materials

 

9,998.5

 

 


(1)         Feed purchases represent the cost of fish feed fed to our fish during the period.

(2)         Other purchases primarily represent seafood raw materials purchased for trading or use in our secondary processing from third parties (i.e., cod, Alaska pollack, shrimp, plaice, redfish and pangasius), packaging material, medications and third party services.

(3)         Net to (from) stock/change in inventory represents movements in our salmon inventory during the period. Effectively, this line item is used to (i) recognize in the current period the cost of fish feed and other materials that were fed/used in prior periods to the fish harvested in the current period and (ii) defer recognition of the cost of fish feed and other materials fed/used in the current period to the fish that was not harvested in the period.

(4)         Primarily represents costs associated with transportation of our products to customers.

 

Fish feed

 

Fish feed is our largest expense category and it accounted for approximately 50% of our “cost in box” per kilogram in 2013.

 

We procure our fish feed from a limited number of suppliers globally, primarily Skretting and BioMar. Our arrangements with the suppliers generally provide that we acquire the fish feed at prices tied to the market prices for raw materials used in producing the feed, such as fish meal, fish oil, vegetable oils and meals. The arrangements are subject to a minimum fee per kilogram of fish feed, structured to cover the suppliers’ operational costs and margins. Our arrangements generally do not contain minimum or maximum fish feed purchase quantities.

 

The yield generated from our fish feed is affected by the feed conversion ratio, which is the number of kilograms of fish feed needed to increase a fish’s bodyweight by one kilogram. Our feed conversion ratio is typically approximately 1.2 kilograms of feed per kilogram of fish produced.

 

The following table sets forth our fish feed cost per kilogram of fish harvested in the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended
December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in NOK per kg)

 

Group feed cost per kilogram(1)

 

12.61

 

11.75

 

11.56

 

 


(1)         Feed cost per kilogram harvested is calculated by dividing our total cost of fish feed for harvested biomass by tons GWE of salmon harvested.

 

We sourced all of our fish feed needs from external suppliers for the periods under review. During 2012, we initiated a greenfield project of a fish feed production plant in Norway. The plant will vertically integrate our operations and we expect that, at full capacity in 2015, this plant will provide us with an in-house production capacity of up to 60% of our Norwegian fish feed requirements (representing approximately 40% of our total fish feed requirements) based on our 2013 production.

 

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Other seawater costs in Farming

 

Other seawater costs in Farming represent costs associated with smolt purchases, employee salaries, insurance, medication and other direct and indirect costs attributable to fish production at sea. These costs accumulate over multiple periods (i.e., the entire life of the fish) and are recognized in the period when our fish is harvested and sold.

 

Non-seawater costs in Farming

 

In Farming, non-seawater costs represent the cost of bringing the fish from seawater sites to primary processing facilities, primary processing costs, administration costs, exceptional mortality costs and other relevant costs for the fish harvested in the period. As the majority of these costs are fixed, this category is subject to substantial scale effects based on the volumes of salmon harvested.

 

Other purchases (including purchases for trading/further processing)

 

Other purchases primarily represent seafood raw materials (e.g, salmon, cod, Alaska pollack, shrimp, plaice, redfish and pangasius) purchased from third parties for trading (i.e., for sale to customer by our Markets segment) or use in our secondary processing operations. Third party purchases of raw materials are not affected by our harvest volume. Instead, expense associated with such purchases is driven by market prices of the underlying seafood and the volume of our purchases, which are dependent on our secondary processing volume and our desired levels of trading. Other purchases also include packaging material, medications and third party processing services. Packaging materials include all packaging materials from bulk bins to end consumer wrapping. The processing activity is the main driver for the cost of packaging materials. Medications refer to the cost of vaccines and medicines used in our farming operations and the cost driver is the need for treatments combined with the cost per unit for vaccines and medical treatment.

 

Biological factors

 

Biological factors, such as fish mortality, fish escapes, fish diseases and sea lice affect our harvest volumes and therefore our revenue, but also our costs. We may be required to expend resources in connection with mitigating the effects of the foregoing factors (e.g., costs of vaccines) and the cost per kilogram increases if fish die or growth is impaired.

 

Fish diseases

 

Farmed salmon is exposed to various infectious and non-infectious diseases. See “Item 3. Key information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Fish Farming Operations—Our fish stocks can be adversely affected by various diseases.”

 

An outbreak of a disease represents a cost for us through direct loss of fish. In addition, disease can result in lost growth of fish, accelerated harvesting and reduced quality of harvested fish which would affect our revenues. In some cases, a disease outbreak may be followed by a subsequent period of reduced production resulting in lower revenues.

 

We have experienced increased losses due to Pancreas Disease in some of our Norwegian and Irish farms in 2013.

 

Fish survival

 

Fish mortality rates are affected by a number of factors, including infectious and non-infectious diseases, wounds, predators and fish treatment. We expense extraordinary mortality in the period when incidents occur. The cost associated with normal mortality is included in the value of the remaining inventory, contributing to increased cost of the fish when harvested and sold.

 

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Sea lice management

 

Sea lice, of which there are several species, are natural occurring seawater parasites. They infect the salmon skin and if not controlled they can cause lesions, secondary infection and mortality. Sea lice can be controlled through good husbandry and management practices, the use of pharmaceutical products, cleaner fish (different wrasse species that eat parasites off the salmon skin) and hydrogen peroxide baths. Lice management is important from a fish wellbeing (to minimize potential skin damage and wounds) and cost perspective (treatment) as well as from an environmental perspective in ensuring that sea lice from farms do not have a negative impact on wild salmonid stocks.

 

Fair Value Adjustment on Biological Assets and Uplift on Harvested Fish

 

We measure fair value of our biological assets on a monthly basis. Changes in fair value of our biological assets are recorded in our income statement at the end of the relevant period. We measure biological assets at fair value, unless fair value cannot be measured reliably. In our opinion, broodstock, smolt and live fish below one kilogram cannot be measured reliably, and we therefore measure these biological assets at cost less impairment losses. Live fish over four kilograms are measured to full net value, while a proportionate expected net profit at harvest is incorporated for live fish between one kilogram and four kilograms. The main drivers in the valuation are volume of biomass (and average weight per site) at the relevant reporting date, expected cost at harvest and expected value at harvest (based on externally quoted forward prices where applicable and/or our price estimate for the period in which the fish is expected to be harvested).

 

At the point of harvest, the fair value adjustment on biological assets is reversed and presented on a separate line as fair value uplift on harvested fish.

 

The following table presents biological assets adjustment recognized by us in our profit and loss statement and the statement of financial position as of and for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

As of and for the Year ended
December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

In profit and loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-4,323.7

 

-1,597.5

 

-3,260.1

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

6,118.3

 

1,993.5

 

949.2

 

In statement of financial position

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

2,742.9

 

835.7

 

445.9

 

Biomass at cost

 

6,793.7

 

5,372.1

 

5,793.4

 

Total biological assets

 

9,356.6

 

6,207.9

 

6,239.3

 

Carrying amount of biomass opening balance

 

6,207.9

 

6,239.3

 

8,034.0

 

Purchases in the period

 

8,540.8

 

7,704.8

 

7,400.6

 

Change in fair value biomass in sea

 

6,105.0

 

1,993.5

 

949.3

 

Fair value on harvested biomass

 

-4,323.7

 

-1,597.5

 

-3,260.1

 

Mortality of fish in sea

 

-158.4

 

-141.4

 

-163.0

 

Cost of harvested fish

 

-7,406.1

 

-7,879.0

 

-6,749.0

 

Assets acquired from Morpol — continued operations

 

338.9

 

 

 

Currency translation effects

 

232.2

 

-111.8

 

27.4

 

Carrying amount of biomass—closing balance

 

9,356.6

 

6,207.9

 

6,239.3

 

 

Other non-operational items

 

Other non-operational items refer to an accrual related to an arbitration sentence issued in favor of Salmones Sur Austral, ordering Marine Harvest Chile to pay an indemnification in 2013.

 

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Income/loss from Associated Companies

 

Our income/loss from associated companies is primarily attributable to our share of income of Nova Sea AS, which includes the fair value adjustment on Nova Sea AS’s biological assets. We own approximately 48% of Nova Sea AS, which is a salmon producer with fish farming facilities in Northern Norway.

 

Currency Effects

 

A substantial part of our sales and operating expenses are incurred in currencies other than NOK, our reporting currency. Such currencies include USD and EUR. In addition, the majority of our interest bearing debt is denominated in currencies other than NOK. As a result, our profit and loss statement is affected by fluctuations in relevant currencies, primarily EUR and USD. In addition to the currency effects in profit or loss, currency translation differences are recognized within other comprehensive income. These effects reflect the exchange differences arising from the translation of results of foreign subsidiaries.

 

The following table presents net currency effects recognized by us in our profit and loss statement for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

Currency effects on interest-bearing debt

 

-528.5

 

206.9

 

56.3

 

Currency effects bank, trade receivables/payables

 

105.7

 

1.5

 

-30.2

 

Gain/loss on short-term transaction hedges

 

46.6

 

38.8

 

-8.2

 

Realized gain/loss on long-term cash flow hedges

 

64.5

 

276.1

 

218.5

 

Net currency effects

 

-311.7

 

523.3

 

236.4

 

 

To mitigate the potential fluctuation effects on our cash flows, we maintain a foreign exchange strategy designated to manage these exposures both in the short and long term, as discussed further in “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk—Foreign exchange.”

 

Other Financial Items

 

The major component of our other financial items is the change in fair value of the conversion liability component of our EUR 225 million convertible bonds issued in 2010, our EUR 350 million convertible bonds issued in 2013 and EUR 375 million convertible bonds issued in 2014, with the fair value fluctuating both with changes in the exchange rate between EUR and NOK and the market price of our shares. Fluctuations in income/expense recorded in relation to the conversion liability component of the convertible bond, are not taxable, so these fluctuations also affect our tax expense as a percentage of earnings before taxes for a given period. See note 11 to our 2013 consolidated annual financial statements. On November 13, 2013, we announced our intent to exercise our option to call the EUR 225 million convertible bonds and settled such call on December 11, 2013.

 

Changes in market values of our interest rate swaps were recognized in other financial items in 2010 through 2012. From January 1, 2013, we introduced hedge accounting for our interest rate swaps, with the change in market value of our interest rate swaps being recognized in other comprehensive income. The change in fair value of interest rate swaps which do not qualify for hedge accounting, are recognized as other financial items.

 

Non-IFRS Measures

 

Operational EBIT.    Operational EBIT at Group level and by country of origin is a non-IFRS financial measure, calculated by excluding each of the following items from earnings before interest and taxes, or EBIT, as set forth in our consolidated statement of income prepared in accordance with IFRS: change in unrealized salmon derivatives (at Group level only), fair value uplift on harvested fish, fair value adjustment on biological assets, provision for onerous contracts, restructuring costs, income/loss from associated companies, impairment losses and

 

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other non-operational items (accrual for contingent liabilities and provisions). We exclude these items from our EBIT as we believe they affect the comparability of our operational performance from period to period, given their non-operational or non-recurring nature. Operational EBIT is used by management, analysts, rating agencies and investors in assessing our performance. Accordingly, we believe that the presentation of Operational EBIT provides useful information to investors. Our use of Operational EBIT should not be viewed as an alternative to EBIT or to profit or loss for the year, which are measures calculated in accordance with IFRS. Operational EBIT has limitations as an analytical tool in comparison to EBIT or other profit and loss measures prepared in accordance with IFRS. Some of these limitations are: (i) it does not reflect the impact of earnings or charges that we consider not to be indicative of our on-going operations, (ii) it does not reflect interest and income tax expense; and (iii) other companies, including other companies in our industry, may calculate Operational EBIT differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure. Refer to “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for a reconciliation of Operational EBIT to EBIT at Group level and by country of origin.

 

ROCE.    Return on Capital Employed, or ROCE, is a non-IFRS financial measure, calculated by dividing Adjusted EBIT by average capital employed. Adjusted EBIT is calculated as EBIT, as set forth in our consolidated statement of income prepared in accordance with IFRS, adjusted for fair value uplift on harvested fish, fair value adjustment on biological assets, provision for onerous contracts and other non-operational items (accrual for contingent liabilities and provisions). Average capital employed is calculated as average of the beginning of the period and end of the period capital employed except when there are material transactions during the year. Capital employed is the sum of net interest bearing debt, or NIBD, as of the end of the period plus equity as of the end of the period adjusted for fair value adjustment on biological assets, provision for onerous contracts and, for the period from January 1, 2013 until September 30, 2013, our investment in Morpol. The investment in Morpol was excluded from the calculation of capital employed as until the acquisition of Morpol was cleared by the relevant competition authorities, we were unable to consolidate Morpol’s financial results into our financial statements. Our NIBD as of the end of a period (for purposes of calculating average NIBD) is equal to our total interest-bearing debt minus our total cash and plus our current interest-bearing debt. We use ROCE to measure the return on capital employed, regardless of whether the financing is through equity or debt. In our view, this measure provides useful information for both management and our investors about our performance during periods under evaluation. We believe that the presentation of ROCE provides useful information to investors because ROCE can be used to determine whether capital invested in us yields competitive returns. In addition, achievement of predetermined targets relating to ROCE is one of the factors we take into account in determining the amount of performance-based compensation paid to our management. Our use of ROCE should not be viewed as an alternative to EBIT or to profit or loss for the year, which are measures calculated in accordance with IFRS or ratios based on these figures. The usefulness of ROCE is also inherently limited by the fact that it is a ratio and thus does not provide information as to the absolute amount of our income, debt or equity. It also excludes certain items from the calculation and other companies may use a similar measure but calculate it differently. Refer to “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for calculation of ROCE.

 

NIBD/equity.    NIBD/equity is a non-IFRS financial measure. Management employs NIBD divided by total equity, as set forth in our consolidated financial statements, to assess our liquidity and financial position. Our NIBD as of the end of a period is equal to our total interest bearing debt minus our total cash and plus our current interest-bearing debt, in each case as set forth in our consolidated statement of financial position. Management, analysts, rating agencies and investors use NIBD/equity ratio to assess our liquidity and to measure our cash flow. The usefulness of NIBD/equity is inherently limited by the fact that it is a ratio and thus does not provide information as to the absolute amounts of our debt or income. Refer to “Item 3. Key InformationA. Selected Financial Data” for calculation of NIBD/equity.

 

The following table sets forth our Group Operational EBIT, ROCE and NIBD/equity for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

Operational EBIT (in NOK million)

 

3,212.4

 

643.4

 

2,717.3

 

Group EBIT (in NOK million)

 

4,661.8

 

1,009.8

 

406.0

 

ROCE

 

18.5

%

3.9

%

16.8

%

NIBD/Equity

 

47.7

%

46.0

%

59.8

%

 

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Analysis of Results of Operations

 

Year ended December 31, 2013 compared to year ended December 31, 2012

 

Marine Harvest ASA Consolidated Amounts

 

Morpol processing was consolidated into the Group figures from October 1, 2013.

 

Set out below are our consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

(as percentage of revenue)

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2013

 

2012

 

Consolidated Income Statement Data:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue and other income

 

19,199.4

 

15,463.5

 

100

%

100.0

%

Cost of materials

 

-9,998.5

 

-9,666.5

 

-52.1

%

-62.5

%

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-4,323.7

 

-1,597.5

 

-22.5

%

-10.3

%

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

6,118.3

 

1,993.5

 

31.9

%

12.9

%

Salary and personnel expenses

 

-2,674.3

 

-2,418.7

 

-13.9

%

-15.6

%

Other operating expenses

 

-2,581.9

 

-2,163.5

 

-13.4

%

-14.0

%

Depreciation and amortization

 

-762.5

 

-677.2

 

-4.0

%

-4.4

%

Provision for onerous contracts

 

-124.7

 

-6.1

 

-0.6

%

0.0

%

Restructuring cost

 

-272.8

 

-0.8

 

-1.4

%

0.0

%

Other non-operational items

 

-74.4

 

 

-0.4

%

 

Income/loss from associated companies

 

221.8

 

83.6

 

-1.2

%

0.5

%

Impairment losses

 

-65.0

 

-0.5

 

-0.3

%

0.0

%

Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)

 

4,661.8

 

1,009.8

 

24.3

%

6.5

%

Interest expenses

 

-640.2

 

-382.8

 

-3.3

%

-2.5

%

Net currency effects

 

-311.7

 

523.3

 

-1.6

%

3.4

%

Other financial items

 

-252.4

 

-320.0

 

-1.3

%

-2.1

%

Earnings before taxes (EBT)

 

3,457.4

 

830.3

 

18.0

%

5.4

%

Taxes

 

-1,026.8

 

-389.0

 

-5.3

%

-2.5

%

Net earnings from continuing operations

 

2,430.6

 

441.3

 

12.7

%

2.9

%

Profit after tax from discontinued operations/assets held for sale

 

91.9

 

 

0.5

%

 

Profit or loss for the period

 

2,522.5

 

441.3

 

13.1

%

2.9

%

Attributable to:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-controlling interests

 

7.4

 

4.0

 

0.0

%

0.0

%

Owners of Marine Harvest ASA

 

2,515.7

 

437.3

 

13.1

%

2.8

%

 

Revenue and other income

 

Revenue and other income for the year ended December 31, 2013 was NOK 19,199.4 million, an increase of 24%, or NOK 3,735.9 million, compared to NOK 15,463.5 million for 2012. The increase was primarily driven by a significant increase in market prices for salmon and consolidation of Morpol’s results for the quarter ended December 31, 2013, which was partially offset by a decrease in harvest volumes of approximately 12%, or 48,534 tons gutted weight, including a reduction of 32,812 and 11,941 tons of gutted weight of salmon harvested by our Norwegian and Chilean operations, respectively. Harvest volume of our Norwegian salmon was negatively impacted by lower seawater temperatures combined with changes in the stocking pattern in 2011 and 2012. Harvest volume of our Chilean salmon was lower due to our decision to reduce smolt stocking in 2011 and 2012.

 

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The increase in reference prices for Atlantic salmon in the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to 2012 was 42.4% for salmon of Norwegian origin, 32.3% for salmon of Chilean origin and 44.5% for salmon of North American origin. A reduction in global harvest volumes (mainly salmon of Norwegian origin), was the main driver for the price increase.

 

The overall average price achieved was 5% below the reference price in the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to 5% above the reference price in 2012 as our sale contracts for 2013 were entered into in an environment of rising spot prices.

 

Cost of materials

 

The table below presents a breakdown of our cost of materials for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

Change

 

Change

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

%

 

Feed purchases

 

4,998.6

 

4,634.4

 

364.2

 

7.9

%

Other purchases

 

5,809.5

 

4,467.7

 

1,341.8

 

30.0

%

Net change in inventory

 

-2,176.9

 

-746.5

 

-1,430.4

 

191.6

%

Freight and other income reductions

 

1,402.6

 

1,296.3

 

106.3

 

8.2

%

Other costs of materials

 

-35.3

 

14.6

 

-49.9

 

NA

 

Total cost of materials

 

9,998.5

 

9,666.5

 

332.0

 

3.4

%

 

Cost of materials for the year ended December 31, 2013 was NOK 9,998.5 million, an increase of 3.4%, or NOK 332.0 million, compared NOK 9,666.5 million in 2012. The increase was primarily driven by the increase in cost of feed combined with the consolidation of Morpol into the group from October 1, 2013. Feed purchases amounted to NOK 4,998.6 million in 2013, compared to NOK 4,634.4 million in 2012. The price of fish feed increased by approximately 14%, while the quantity of fish feed used in our operations decreased by approximately 4.1% due to lower net production. Other purchases have increased between 2012 and 2013 as these costs to a large extent depend on trading and secondary processing activity, and the consolidation of Morpol from October 1, 2013 is the main driver. Freight and other income reductions in the year ended December 31, 2013 were 8.2% higher than in the comparable period in 2012 at NOK 1,402.6 million.

 

Salary and personnel expenses

 

The table below presents a breakdown of our salary and personnel expenses for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

Change

 

Change

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

%

 

Gross wages/salaries

 

1,766.1

 

1,635.6

 

130.5

 

8.0

%

3rd party staff (temporary labor)

 

238.8

 

232.0

 

6.8

 

2.9

%

Bonus and share price based bonus scheme

 

196.1

 

149.9

 

46.2

 

30.8

%

Social securities

 

316.6

 

256.5

 

60.1

 

23.4

%

Other personal expenses

 

156.6

 

144.6

 

12.0

 

8.3

%

Total salary and personnel expenses

 

2.674.3

 

2,418.7

 

255.5

 

10.6

%

 

The increase in salary and personnel expenses for the year ended December 31, 2013 of NOK 255.5 million or 10.6% compared to 2012 was primarily driven by a NOK 130.5 million increase in gross wages and salaries and a NOK 46.2 million increase in costs related to our bonus and share price based bonus schemes. The increase in gross wages and salaries was driven by the consolidation of Morpol from October 1, 2013 and an increase in

 

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compensation levels. The increases in the bonus and share-price based bonus schemes were mainly attributed to the increase in the share price of Marine Harvest ASA combined with higher bonuses related to improved performance.

 

Other operating expenses

 

The table below presents a breakdown of our other operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

Change

 

Change

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

%

 

Maintenance

 

720.1

 

647.2

 

72.9

 

11.3

%

Electricity and fuel

 

329.6

 

304.6

 

25.1

 

8.2

%

Rent and leases

 

287.4

 

236.9

 

50.5

 

21.3

%

3rd party services

 

240.1

 

180.8

 

59.2

 

32.8

%

Insurance

 

136.5

 

136.1

 

0.4

 

0.3

%

Consultancy and audit fees

 

194.4

 

99.0

 

95.4

 

96.4

%

Communication/IT

 

118.3

 

91.4

 

26.9

 

29.5

%

Travel

 

102.9

 

80.2

 

22.7

 

28.3

%

Advertising and promotion

 

78.1

 

50.9

 

27.2

 

53.6

%

Other expenses

 

374.5

 

336.4

 

38.1

 

11.3

%

Total other operating expenses

 

2,581.9

 

2,163.5

 

418.4

 

19.3

%

 

Other operating expenses increased by NOK 418.4 million or 19.3% during the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to 2012. The increase was partly due to consolidation of Morpol from October 1, 2013 with a total impact of NOK 77.1 million. The remaining increase relates to higher maintenance, consultancy and audit fees, other expenses and third party services. The increase in maintenance costs was attributed to the lower than historic average capital expenditures in prior years. The increase in consultancy and audit fees was driven by expenses associated with the Morpol acquisition and the NYSE listing process.

 

Net fair value on biological assets

 

We recognized a positive fair value adjustment on biological assets of NOK 1,794.6 million on December 31, 2013 compared to a positive fair value adjustment on biological assets of NOK 396.0 million on December 31, 2012. The increase is  attributed to the changes in the market prices for Atlantic salmon and an increase in volume of standing biomass at year end.

 

Restructuring costs

 

During the second quarter of 2013, we launched restructuring initiatives in VAP Europe and in our Chilean smoked salmon unit. The initiatives include reducing the number of processing sites in Europe from 13 to eight and closure of our Chilean smoked salmon operations. We recognized a restructuring provision of NOK 272.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 with respect to these initiatives. The corresponding figure for 2012 was NOK 0.8 million.

 

Income/loss from associated companies

 

We recognized an income from associated companies of NOK 221.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 and NOK 83.6 million in 2012, primarily due to the increase in net income from Nova Sea AS. The value includes fair value adjustment on biomass.

 

Earnings before financial items (EBIT)

 

As a result of the foregoing, our EBIT was NOK 4,661.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to NOK 1,009.8 million in 2012.

 

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Financial items

 

Set out below are the primary components of our net financial items for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

Change

 

Change

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

%

 

Interest expense

 

-640.2

 

-382.8

 

-257.4

 

67.2

%

Net currency effects

 

-311.7

 

523.3

 

-835.0

 

NA

 

Other financial items

 

-252.4

 

-320.0

 

67.6

 

-21.1

%

 

Interest expense

 

Interest expense increased by 67.2% in the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to 2012 due to a higher average net interest bearing debt balance during the year, additional amortized interest recognized in connection with the convertible bond issued in May 2013 and the effect of having a higher proportion of our average net interest bearing debt denominated in NOK, which bears higher interest rates than our EUR denominated debt. The average interest bearing debt for 2013 was NOK 6,585.8 million compared to NOK 5,924.2 million in 2012.

 

Net currency effects

 

Net currency effects for the year ended December 31, 2013 were NOK -311.7 million, compared to NOK 523.3 million in 2012, primarily due to the depreciation of NOK in relation to EUR, the currency in which most of our interest bearing debt is denominated.

 

Other financial items

 

For the year ended December 31, 2013, other financial items were NOK -252.4 million compared to NOK -320.0 million in 2012. The amount in 2013 was mainly due to a change in the fair value of the conversion liability component of the convertible bonds of NOK -516.1 million, partially offset by dividends received, gain on sales of shares of NOK 134.9 million and change in fair value of shares of NOK 60.8.

 

Taxes

 

For the year ended December 31, 2013 our tax expense was NOK 1,026.8 million, compared to NOK -389.0 million in 2012. The main driver for the increased tax expense was the increase in earnings before taxes and the unrealized loss from the convertible bond partially offset by the gain on sale shares in Cermaq ASA which are non-taxable items.

 

Profit from continuing operations

 

As a result of the foregoing, our profit from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2013 increased by NOK 1,989.3 million to NOK 2,430.6 million, from NOK 441.3 million in 2012.

 

Non-IFRS Financial Measures

 

Operational EBIT

 

Group Operational EBIT increased by close to 400%, from NOK 643.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 to NOK 3,212.4 in 2013. The main reason for the positive development was the increase in salmon prices, partly offset by the lower volume of harvested salmon. Operational EBIT is a non-IFRS financial measure. See “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for a description of how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and for reconciliation of Group Operational EBIT to EBIT. Our EBIT was NOK 4,661.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to NOK 968.7 million in 2012.

 

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ROCE

 

Return on capital employed was 18.5% for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to 3.9% in 2012, reflecting change in profit and the fair value adjustment on biological assets. The fair value adjustment on biological assets was NOK 1,444.4 million higher in 2013 compared to 2012, this value is excluded from our ROCE calculations. ROCE is a non-IFRS financial measure. See “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for a description of how we define and calculate ROCE.

 

Segment Reporting

 

The following is a discussion of our operational results by business segment and based on the salmon’s source of origin, using Operational EBIT per kilogram of fish harvested as a key measure of performance.

 

Operational EBIT by segment

 

The following table sets forth Operational EBIT of each of our operating segments for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

Operational EBIT—Farming

 

3,001.1

 

415.1

 

Operational EBIT—Markets

 

346.3

 

344.2

 

Operational EBIT—VAP Europe

 

-57.7

 

5.8

 

Operational EBIT — Morpol Processing

 

62.6

 

 

 

Operational EBIT—Other

 

-139.9

 

-121.7

 

Group Operational EBIT(1)

 

3,212.4

 

643.4

 

Group EBIT

 

4,661.8

 

1,009.8

 

 


(1)         Group Operational EBIT is a non-IFRS financial measure. See “Item 3. Key InformationA. Selected Financial Data” for how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and for reconciliation of Group Operational EBIT to EBIT.

 

Farming

 

Farming’s Operational EBIT was NOK 3,001.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to NOK 415.1 million in 2012. The increase was primarily a result of the significantly higher prices achieved, which offset the decrease in volumes harvested.

 

Sales and Marketing

 

Sales and Marketing’s Operational EBIT for the year ended December 31, 2013 was NOK 351.2 million, compared to NOK 350.0 million in 2012. Operational EBIT for the 2013 was comprised of NOK 346.3 million Operational EBIT of Markets (compared to NOK 344.2 million in 2012), NOK -57.7 million of Operational EBIT of VAP Europe (compared to NOK 5.8 million in 2012) and NOK 62.6 million from Morpol Processing (not included in 2012).

 

The reduction in the Operational EBIT of Markets was a result of decreased volumes.

 

The reduction in the Operational EBIT of VAP Europe was primarily due to an unfavorable product mix and a significant increase in raw material prices. VAP Europe’s operational yield has improved in 2013 compared to 2012 due to efficiency improvement projects initiated in 2012. The processing cost per kilogram produced has marginally increased between the two periods, as lower volume produced negatively influenced fixed cost absorption and offset the improvement in variable costs.

 

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Operational performance by country of origin

 

Set out below are certain operating metrics by country of origin of our harvested salmon for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:

 

 

 

Salmon of

 

 

 

Norwegian
Origin

 

Scottish
Origin

 

Canadian
Origin

 

Chilean
Origin

 

Irish
Origin

 

Faroese
Origin

 

Other

 

MH
Total

 

Year ended December 31, 2013
(unaudited)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Harvest volume of salmon(1)

 

222,494

 

48,389

 

33,059

 

28,281

 

5,883

 

5,665

 

 

343,772

 

Average price achievement(2)

 

94

%

92

%

101

%

101

%

 

98

%

 

95

%

Contract coverage(3)

 

37

%

61

%

2

%

32

%

93

%

6

%

 

37

%

Quality—superior share(4)

 

88

%

93

%

86

%

87

%

87

%

95

%

 

89

%

Feed cost (NOK per kg)(5)

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

 

12.61

 

Operational EBIT (NOK per kg)(6)

 

10.83

 

12.45

 

10.19

 

-2.32

 

-5.02

 

14.86

 

-0.37

 

9.34

 

EBIT (NOK per kg)

 

16.36

 

15.66

 

17.21

 

0.76

 

-4.58

 

30.93

 

-1.38

 

13.56

 

Year ended December 31, 2012
(unaudited)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Harvest volume of salmon(1)

 

255,306

 

40,261

 

40,217

 

40,222

 

9,407

 

6,893

 

 

392,306

 

Average price achievement(2)

 

105

%

112

%

97

%

110

%

N/A

 

101

%

 

105

%

Contract coverage(3)

 

31

%

62

%

5

%

30

%

92

%

N/A

 

 

33

%

Quality—superior share(4)

 

90

%

96

%

85

%

90

%

92

%

95

%

 

91

%

Feed cost (NOK per kg)(5)

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

 

11.75

 

Operational EBIT (NOK per kg)(6)

 

3.23

 

3.80

 

-3.48

 

-2.26

 

1.45

 

1.76

 

-0.33

 

1.64

 

EBIT (NOK per kg)

 

5.57

 

3.77

 

-3.97

 

-3.94

 

-2.31

 

2.72

 

-0.62

 

2.57

 

 


(1)         We measure our harvest volume in terms of tons of gutted weight of salmon. Harvest volume of salmon is a key measure of our success as, in the absence of trading, it corresponds to the volume of salmon available for sale. As trading volume generally achieves limited margin, harvested volume is the volume-related driver of our profit.

(2)         Our average price achievement measures the prices that we are able to achieve on our products against a salmon price index. The achievement is measured against NOS for salmon of Norwegian and Faroese origin, a derived NOS (NOS + a margin) for salmon of Scottish origin and Urner Barry for salmon of North American and Chilean origin. The market reference prices are spot prices for superior quality salmon, while our achieved price is a blend of spot and contract price for all qualities. Average price achievement measures our ability to sell our products at above market rates and is thus important for understanding our performance. In situations where contract prices deviate from spot prices, or the quality of our sold fish is low, our achieved price will deviate from the reference price.

(3)         The contract coverage measure represents the percentage of our products that was sold pursuant to contracts. A contract is for this purpose defined as a commitment to sell our salmon at a fixed price for a period of three months or longer. We have a sales contract policy aimed at limiting our exposure to short and medium term fluctuations in salmon prices.

(4)         The superior share of salmon is the percentage of salmon harvested as superior salmon divided by the total volume of harvested salmon. If salmon for some reason, e.g., pale color or scale loss, cannot be classified as a superior product, it is downgraded and sold as production or ordinary grade product at a lower price.

(5)         Feed cost per kilogram harvested is calculated by dividing our total cost of fish feed for harvested fish by tons of gutted weight of salmon harvested.

(6)         Operational EBIT at Group level and by country of origin is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and reconciliation of Operational EBIT to EBIT.

 

Salmon of Norwegian Origin

 

Operational EBIT

 

Our Operational EBIT for salmon of Norwegian origin was NOK 2,410.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to NOK 823.5 million in 2012. Operational EBIT per kilogram was NOK 10.83 in 2013 compared to NOK 3.23 in 2012 due to increased salmon prices, partially offset by increased fish feed costs and reduced harvest volume (reflecting negative scale effects). Operational EBIT by country of origin is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and reconciliation of Operational EBIT by country of origin to EBIT. Our EBIT for salmon of Norwegian origin was NOK 3,641.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to NOK 1,421.1 million in 2012. EBIT per kilogram was NOK 16.36 in 2013 compared to NOK 5.57 in 2012.

 

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Price and volume developments

 

The reference price was significantly higher in 2013 compared to 2012 due to the reduced European supply of Atlantic salmon, driven by the lower harvest of salmon of Norwegian origin. Our price achievement for the year ended December 31, 2013 was 6% below the reference price, which was down from the price achievement for the same period of 2012 of 5% above the reference price.  The decrease was primarily due to higher contract coverage of 37% in 2013 in a market of rapidly increasing prices, compared to the contract coverage of 31% in 2012 in a market with more stable prices. The price achievement was also negatively impacted by a lower superior share of salmon of 88% in 2013 compared to 90% in 2012. The main reason for downgrading in 2013 was winter wounds.

 

Harvest volume in the year ended December 31, 2013 was 222,494 tons gutted weight, a reduction of 32,812 tons  from 2012. Lower seawater temperatures, combined with changes in the salmon stocking pattern and reduced overall salmon stocking in 2011 and 2012, resulted in reduced production and harvest volume in 2013 compared to 2012.

 

Costs and operations

 

Total cost per kilogram of our salmon of Norwegian origin harvested in 2013 increased by 9.1% compared to the cost of salmon harvested in 2012. The primary driver for the cost increase was the rise in the feed cost for the fish harvested in 2013 of 7.8% compared to the fish harvested in 2012, due to higher feed prices and increased feed conversion ratios.

 

Other seawater costs per kilogram of fish harvested in 2013 were higher than for the fish harvested in 2012 due to harvesting at sites that were diagnosed with Pancreas Disease, or PD, in 2012. As in previous years, sea lice mitigation costs were high for the fish harvested in 2013. The exceptional cost related to sea lice mitigation amounted to NOK 154.1 million in 2013 compared to NOK 168.0 million in 2012.

 

Non-seawater costs per kilogram of fish harvested in 2013 increased compared to 2012 due to the significant reduction in harvest volume (reflecting negative scale effects). Exceptional mortality was recognized at several sites in 2013 due to a PD outbreak, treatment losses and losses due to an escape during a hurricane. As a result, exceptional mortality losses of NOK 33.2 million were recognized for the year compared to losses of NOK 31.6 million  in 2012.

 

Salmon of Scottish Origin

 

Operational EBIT

 

Our Operational EBIT for salmon of Scottish origin was record high at NOK 602.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to NOK 153.0 million in 2012. Operational EBIT per kilogram was NOK 12.45 in 2013 compared to NOK 3.80 in 2012 due to the increased salmon prices and increased harvest volume (reflecting scale effects). Operational EBIT by country of origin is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and reconciliation of Operational EBIT by country of origin to EBIT. Our EBIT for salmon of Scottish origin was NOK 757.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to NOK 151.8 million in 2012. EBIT per kilogram was NOK 15.66 in 2013 compared to NOK 3.77 in 2012.

 

Price and volume developments

 

The reference price was higher in 2013 compared to 2012 due to the reduced European supply of Atlantic salmon, driven by the lower harvest of salmon of Norwegian origin. Our price achievement for the year ended December 31, 2013 was 8% below the reference price, which was down from the price achievement for  2012 of 12% above the reference price. Price achievement for salmon of Scottish origin was impacted by high contract coverage in a market of rapidly increasing prices in 2013. In 2012, market prices were more stable and the effect of our contract coverage was positive. The contract coverage was 61% and 62% in 2013 and 2012 respectively. With a

 

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superior share of 93% in 2013 and 96% in 2012, the effect of downgrading on the price achievement has been limited.

 

Harvest volume in the year ended December 31, 2013 was above the corresponding period in 2012 at 48,389 tons gutted weight compared to 40,261 tons in 2012. The increase was primarily driven by good growth at sea.

 

Costs and operations

 

Total cost per kilogram of our salmon of Scottish origin harvested in the year ended December 31, 2013 increased by 8.6% compared to the salmon harvested in 2012 due to increased cost of feed and higher non-seawater costs.

 

Feed cost per kilogram of fish harvested in 2013 increased by 9.1% compared to the cost of fish harvested in 2012, due to higher feed prices partially offset by improved feed conversion ratios. Other seawater costs per kilogram decreased by 3.4% compared to 2012.

 

Non-seawater costs per kilogram of fish harvested in 2013 were higher than in 2012, as increased well boat costs, exceptional mortality losses (Amoebic Gill Disease) and additional wrasse farming costs (wrasse is a type of cleaner fish used for sea lice mitigation) only partially were mitigated by increased volume (reflecting scale effects). Exceptional mortality losses amounted to NOK 17.5 million in 2013 compared to NOK 3.7 million in 2012.

 

Salmon of Canadian Origin

 

Operational EBIT

 

Our Operational EBIT for salmon of Canadian origin was record high at NOK 336.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to NOK -140.2 million in 2012. Operational EBIT per kilogram was NOK 10.19 in 2013 compared to NOK - 3.48 in 2012 due to the increased salmon prices. Operational EBIT by country of origin is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and reconciliation of Operational EBIT by country of origin to EBIT. Our EBIT for salmon of Canadian origin was NOK 569.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to NOK -159.6 million in 2012. EBIT per kilogram was NOK 17.21 in 2013 compared to NOK -3.97 in 2012.

 

Price and volume developments

 

The reference price was higher in the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to 2012 despite the significant increase in harvest volume of salmon of Chilean origin. Limited availability of salmon of Canadian origin in the American spot market was the main reason for the reference price increase. Our price achievement in 2013 was 1% above the reference price, which was up from the price achievement in 2012 of 3% below the reference price. The increase was primarily attributed to low contract coverage of 2% in 2013 in an environment of increasing prices, compared to a contract coverage ratio of 5% in  2012, and a reduced rate of customer claims related to Kudoa (soft flesh) The effect of claims and discards attributed to Kudoa decreased from NOK 63.0 million in 2012 to NOK 16.9 million in 2013, which had a positive effect on our overall price achievement. The superior share was 86% in 2013, compared to 85% in 2012. The main reason for downgrading was that the fish reached reproductive maturity.

 

Harvest volume in the year ended December 31, 2013 was 33,059 tons gutted weight compared to 40,217 tons in 2012 due to reduced stocking.

 

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Costs and operations

 

Total cost per kilogram of our salmon of Canadian origin harvested in the year ended December 31, 2013 increased by 2% compared to the salmon harvested in 2012 due to lower volume harvested (reflected in negative scale effects) and increased other sea water costs.

 

The feed cost per kilogram of fish harvested in 2013 decreased compared to 2012 as growth-improving initiatives implemented in 2011 and 2012 mitigated the effect of increasing feed prices.

 

Other seawater costs per kilogram of fish harvested in 2013 were higher than for the fish harvested in 2012, due to higher smolt and direct farming costs (including mitigation costs related to predation and lice management).

 

Non-seawater costs per kilogram of fish harvested increased compared to 2012 due to the reduction in harvested volume (negative scale effects).

 

Salmon of Chilean Origin

 

Operational EBIT

 

Our Operational EBIT for salmon of Chilean origin was NOK -65.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to NOK -90.9 million in 2012. Operational EBIT per kilogram was NOK -2.32 in 2013 compared to NOK -2.26 in 2012. We did not harvest fish from our Chilean operations in the second quarter of 2013 due to a decision to reduce the smolt stockings late 2011 and early 2012. Operational EBIT by country of origin is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and reconciliation of Operational EBIT by country of origin to EBIT. Our EBIT for salmon of Chilean origin was NOK 21.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to NOK -158.4 million in 2012. EBIT per kilogram was NOK 0.76 in 2013 compared to NOK -3.94 in 2012.

 

Price and volume developments

 

The reference price was higher in the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to 2012 despite the overall increase in the harvest volume of salmon of Chilean origin. Our price achievement for 2013 was 1% above the reference price. This was down from the price achievement for 2012 of 10% above the reference price. Our price achievement was impacted by high contract coverage in 2013 in a market with increasing spot prices compared to a market with more stable prices in 2012. Contract coverage was relatively stable at 32% in the year ended December 31, 2013 and 30% in 2012. The superior share for salmon of Chilean origin was 87% in 2013 compared to 90% in 2012. The reduction in quality was due to reduced flesh quality and color.

 

Harvest volume in the year ended December 31, 2013 was 30% lower than in 2012 at 28,281 tons gutted weight compared to 40,222 tons in 2012 due to reduced smolt stocking in 2011 and 2012.

 

Costs and operations

 

Total cost per kilogram of our Chilean salmon harvested in the year ended December 31, 2013 increased by 23.7% compared to the salmon harvested in 2012 due to higher cost of biomass harvested and reduced harvest volume (reflecting negative scale effects).

 

The increase in biomass cost for the fish harvested in 2013 compared to 2012 was a result of more challenging biological conditions (increased sea lice mitigation costs and reduced growth rates). The feed cost per kilogram of fish harvested in 2013 increased by 11.2% compared to the fish harvested in 2012 as a result of higher feed prices, reduced growth and less advantageous feed conversion ratios at some sites.

 

Other seawater costs per kilogram of fish harvested in 2013 were higher than for the fish harvested in 2012, due to slow growth of fish at sea and early harvest of some sites in order to comply with the mandatory fallowing periods.

 

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Non-seawater costs per kilogram of fish harvested in 2013 were higher than for the fish harvested in 2012 due to low harvest volume (reflecting negative scale effects) and increased mortality losses. Exceptional mortality costs were NOK 18.5 million in 2013 mainly due to reduced smolt stocking and mortality caused by low oxygen levels in the sea. Exceptional mortality costs in 2012 were NOK 2.9 million and related to losses in the freshwater recirculation unit.

 

Salmon of Irish Origin

 

Operational EBIT

 

Our Operational EBIT for salmon of Irish origin was NOK -29.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to NOK 13.6 million in 2012. Operational EBIT per kilogram amounted to NOK -5.02 in 2013 compared to NOK 1.45 in 2012 due to substantial biological challenges impacting both cost and price achievement. Operational EBIT by country of origin is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for how we define and calculate Operational EBIT by country of origin and reconciliation of Operational EBIT by country of origin to EBIT.  Our EBIT for salmon of Irish origin was NOK -26.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to NOK -21.8 million in 2012. EBIT per kilogram was NOK -4.58 in 2013 compared to NOK -2.31 in 2012.

 

Price and volume developments

 

As our Irish operation mainly produces organic salmon there is no reference price available for benchmarking, but prices achieved were generally higher in the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to 2012 due to a good market for organic salmon. Our contract share was 93% in 2013, compared to 92% in 2012. We experienced a reduction in the superior share of salmon harvested from 92% in 2012 to 87% in 2013.

 

Harvest volume in the year ended December 31, 2013 was 5,883 tons gutted weight compared to 9,407 tons in 2012 due to significant losses of young fish due to Amoebic Gill Disease in 2012 and high mortality in the standing biomass in the second half of 2013.

 

Costs and operations

 

Total cost per kilogram of salmon of Irish origin harvested in the year ended December 31, 2013 increased by 32.4% compared to the salmon harvested in 2012 due to substantial biological challenges, resulting from  Amoebic Gill Disease, or AGD, Pancreas Disease and very high seawater temperatures during the summer causing challenges for sea lice and AGD mitigation actions.

 

Salmon of Faroese Origin

 

Operational EBIT

 

Our Operational EBIT for salmon of Faroese origin was NOK 84.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to NOK 12.1 million in 2012. Operational EBIT per kilogram was NOK 14.86 in 2013 compared to NOK 1.76 in 2012 due to an increase in salmon prices. Operational EBIT by country of origin is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and reconciliation of Operational EBIT by country of origin to EBIT. Our EBIT for salmon of Faroese origin was NOK 175.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to NOK 18.7 million in 2012. EBIT per kilogram was NOK 30.93 in 2013 compared to NOK 2.72 in 2012.

 

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Price and volume developments

 

The reference price was higher in the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to 2012 due to the reduced European supply of Atlantic salmon (mainly salmon of Norwegian origin). Our price achievement in 2013 was 2% below the reference price, which was down from the price achievement for 2012 of 1% above the reference price due to an increase in contract coverage to 6% in 2013 (in an environment of increasing prices).

 

Harvest volume in the year ended December 31, 2013 was 5,665 tons gutted weight compared to 6,893 tons in 2012.

 

Costs and operations

 

Total cost per kilogram of our salmon of Faroese origin harvested in the year ended December 31, 2013 decreased in DKK, but increased by 3.5% in NOK compared to salmon harvested in 2012 due to currency effects.

 

Year ended December 31, 2012 compared to year ended December 31, 2011

 

Set out below are our consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2012

 

2011

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

(as percentage of revenue)

 

Consolidated Income Statement Data:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue and other income

 

15,463.5

 

16,132.8

 

100.0

%

100.0

%

Cost of materials

 

-9,666.5

 

-8,398.6

 

-62.5

%

-52.1

%

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-1,597.5

 

-3,260.1

 

-10.3

%

-20.1

%

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

1,993.5

 

949.2

 

12.9

%

5.9

%

Salary and personnel expenses

 

-2,418.7

 

-2,177.8

 

-15.6

%

-13.5

%

Other operating expenses

 

-2,163.5

 

-2,063.2

 

-14.0

%

-12.8

%

Depreciation and amortization

 

-677.2

 

-666.7

 

-4.4

%

-4.1

%

Provision for onerous contracts

 

-6.1

 

-5.8

 

0.0

%

0.0

%

Restructuring cost

 

-0.8

 

-21.8

 

0.0

%

-0.1

%

Income/loss from associated companies

 

83.6

 

-15.0

 

0.5

%

-0.1

%

Impairment losses

 

-0.5

 

-67.0

 

0.0

%

-0.4

%

Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)

 

1,009.8

 

406.0

 

6.5

%

2.5

%

Interest expenses

 

-382.8

 

-405.8

 

-2.5

%

-2.5

%

Net currency effects

 

523.3

 

236.4

 

3.4

%

1.5

%

Other financial items

 

-320.0

 

342.9

 

-2.1

%

2.1

%

Earnings before taxes (EBT)

 

830.3

 

579.5

 

5.4

%

3.6

%

Taxes

 

-389.0

 

-46.7

 

-2.5

%

-0.3

%

Profit or loss for the period

 

441.3

 

532.8

 

2.9

%

3.3

%

Attributable to:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-controlling interests

 

4.0

 

5.5

 

0.0

%

0.0

%

Owners of Marine Harvest ASA

 

437.3

 

527.3

 

2.8

%

3.3

%

 

Revenue and other income

 

Revenue and other income for the year ended December 31, 2012 was NOK 15,463.5 million, a decrease of 4.1%, or NOK 669.3 million, compared to NOK 16,132.8 million in 2011 due to a decrease in salmon prices, partially offset by the higher volumes of salmon harvested and sold. Our harvested volume in 2012 increased by 14.4%, or 49,486 tons of salmon GWE, to 392,306 tons in 2012. Volume harvested in 2011 was 342,820 tons. The increase was primarily driven by the increase in harvest volumes of 37,796, 14,262 and 6,300 tons gutted weight of salmon of Norwegian, Chilean and Canadian origin, respectively, partially offset by a reduction in the harvest volume of salmon of Scottish origin of 9,913 tons gutted weight. The increase in salmon of Norwegian origin

 

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harvested in 2012 was due to high growth rates for fish at sea due to a historically mild winter, combined with increased smolt stocking in the spring of 2011. Higher volumes of salmon of Chilean origin was the result of salmon stocking patterns, while the increase in the volumes of salmon of Canadian origin was a result of higher growth rates of fish at sea as well as higher smolt stockings.

 

The decrease in reference prices for Atlantic salmon in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to 2011 was 9.8% for salmon of Norwegian origin, 29.4% for salmon of Chilean origin and 25.9% for salmon of North American origin. The increase in the global harvest volume (mainly salmon of Norwegian and Chilean origin) was the main driver for the price declines. The Chilean industry continued to undergo an aggressive rebuilding following the crisis experienced in 2007 to 2009 due to ISA. This, combined with the increase in supply of salmon of Norwegian origin, driven by increased stocking in the spring of 2011 and favorable seawater growth conditions during the winter and summer of 2012, resulted in relatively low prices in 2012.

 

The overall average price achieved was 5% above the reference price in the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to 10% above the reference price in 2011.

 

Cost of materials

 

The table below presents a breakdown of our cost of materials for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2012

 

2011

 

Change

 

Change

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

%

 

Feed purchases

 

4,634.4

 

4,520.7

 

113.6

 

2.5

%

Other purchases

 

4,467.7

 

4,058.4

 

409.3

 

10.1

%

Net change in inventory

 

-746.5

 

-1,520.2

 

773.8

 

-50.9

%

Freight and other income reductions

 

1,296.3

 

1,179.2

 

117.1

 

9.9

%

Other costs of materials

 

14.6

 

160.5

 

-145.9

 

-90.9

%

Total Cost of materials

 

9,666.5

 

8,398.6

 

1,267.9

 

15.1

%

 

Cost of materials for the year ended December 31, 2012 was NOK 9,666.5 million, an increase of 15.1%, or NOK 1,267.9 million, compared NOK 8,398.6 million in 2011. The increase in the cost of materials was primarily driven by the 14.4% increase in harvested volume of salmon for the period. Feed purchases amounted to NOK 4,634.4 million in 2012, compared to NOK 4,520.7 million in 2011. The price of fish feed was relatively stable, while the quantity of fish feed fed to our fish increased by approximately 2% due to higher seawater growth. Our feeding efficiency improved in 2012 compared to 2011, with an improvement in the feed conversion ratio of 3%. Other purchases increased by 10.1% from 2011 to 2012 due to increased trading activity and higher third party processing activities in Chile due to increased harvest volume in our Chilean operations. Freight and other income reductions for the year ended December 31, 2012 were 10% higher than in 2011 at NOK 1,296.3 million due to increased harvest volume.

 

Salary and personnel expenses

 

The table below presents a breakdown of our salary and personnel expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2012

 

2011

 

Change

 

Change

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

%

 

Gross wages/salaries

 

1,635.6

 

1,582.0

 

53.6

 

3.4

%

3rd party staff (temporary labor)

 

232.0

 

167.5

 

64.5

 

38.5

%

Bonus and share price based bonus scheme

 

149.9

 

62.9

 

87.1

 

138.5

%

Social securities

 

256.5

 

240.6

 

15.9

 

6.6

%

Other personal expenses

 

144.6

 

124.9

 

19.8

 

15.8

%

Total salary and personnel expenses

 

2,418.7

 

2,177.8

 

240.9

 

11.1

%

 

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The increase in salary and personnel expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 of NOK 240.9 million or 11.1% compared to 2011 is due to increase in average number of employees from 6,236 to 6,357 and increase in cost of temporary labor necessary to handle the increased harvest volume. The increase in the bonus and share-price based bonus scheme was mainly attributed to the increase in the share price of Marine Harvest ASA.

 

Other operating expenses

 

The table below presents a breakdown of our other operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2012

 

2011

 

Change

 

Change

 

 

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

 

 

%

 

Maintenance

 

647.2

 

577.3

 

69.9

 

12.1

%

Electricity and fuel

 

304.6

 

278.6

 

26.0

 

9.3

%

Rent and leases

 

236.9

 

199.5

 

37.4

 

18.7

%

3rd party services

 

180.8

 

248.0

 

-67.2

 

-27.1

%

Insurance

 

136.1

 

122.8

 

13.4

 

10.9

%

Consultancy and audit fees

 

99.0

 

117.4

 

-18.4

 

-15.7

%

Communication/IT

 

91.4

 

85.1

 

6.3

 

7.4

%

Travel

 

80.2

 

74.2

 

6.0

 

8.1

%

Advertising & promotion

 

50.9

 

52.0

 

-1.1

 

-2.2

%

Other expenses

 

336.4

 

308.2

 

28.1

 

9.1

%

Total other operating expenses

 

2,163.5

 

2,063.2

 

100.3

 

4.9

%

 

Other operating expenses increased by 4.9% for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to 2012. The main driver for the change was the increase in harvested volumes, in addition to a higher level of maintenance costs, as a consequence of a lower level of capital expenditures in the previous years.

 

Net fair value on biological assets

 

We recorded a fair value adjustment on biological assets of NOK 396.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to NOK -2,310.9 for 2011. The difference is attributed to reference prices for salmon being 19% higher at year end 2012 compared to year end 2011.

 

Income/loss from associated companies

 

We recorded an income from associated companies of NOK 83.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 and NOK -15.0 million in 2011 primarily due to the fluctuation in income from Nova Sea AS.

 

Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)

 

As a result of the foregoing, our EBIT was NOK 1,009.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to NOK 406.0 in 2011.

 

Financial items

 

Set out below are the primary components of our financial items for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2012

 

2011

 

Change

 

Change

 

 

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

 

 

%

 

Interest expense

 

-382.8

 

-405.8

 

23.0

 

-5.7

%

Net currency effects

 

523.3

 

236.4

 

286.9

 

121.4

%

Other financial items

 

-320.0

 

342.9

 

-662.9

 

-193.3

%

 

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Interest expense

 

Our interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2012 decreased by NOK 23.0 million or 5.7%, compared to 2011 due to a reduction in our net interest bearing debt during the year. At December 31, 2012 our net interest bearing debt was NOK 5,381 million compared to NOK 6,467 million at December 31, 2011.

 

Net currency effects

 

Net currency effects for the year ended December 31, 2012 contributed NOK 523.3 million to our profit, an increase of NOK 286.9 million compared to 2011. The increase was due to an appreciation of NOK against the currencies in which most of our debt is denominated, EUR and USD, in addition to an increase in realized gains on long-term cash flow hedges.

 

Other financial items

 

For the year ended December 31, 2012, other financial items were NOK -320.0 million compared to NOK 342.9 million in 2011, primarily driven by the change in fair value of the conversion liability component of our 2010 convertible bond. As Marine Harvest ASA’s share price decreased by NOK 3.58 during 2011 and increased by NOK 2.53 during 2012, the movement in change in the conversion liability was substantial. The effect of change in the fair value of the conversion liability component was NOK -305 million in 2012 compared to NOK 481 million in 2011. In addition, we recorded a gain on sale of shares in Aqua Gen AS in 2012 amounting to NOK 133 million. In 2012 and 2011 the change in market value of interest rate swaps were included in other financial items. The effect of these swaps was NOK -178 million in 2012 compared to NOK -130 million in 2011.

 

Taxes

 

For the year ended December 31, 2012 our tax was NOK -389.0 million, compared to NOK -46.7 million in 2011. The main driver for the increased tax expense was a non-taxable unrealized loss from the convertible bond in 2012 compared to a non-taxable unrealized gain in 2011, partially offset by a decrease in earnings before taxes.

 

Profit

 

As a result of the foregoing, our profit for the year ended December 31, 2012 decreased 17.2% to NOK 441.3 million, from NOK 532.8 million in 2011.

 

Non-IFRS Financial Measures

 

Operational EBIT

 

Operational EBIT decreased to NOK 643.4 in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to NOK 2,717.3 in 2011. The decrease was primarily attributable to a 10% and 29% decline in reference prices for salmon of Norwegian and Chilean origin, respectively, in 2012 compared to 2011. Operational EBIT at Group level is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for a description of how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and for reconciliation of Group Operational EBIT to EBIT. EBIT in the year ended December 31, 2012 was NOK 1,009.8 million compared to NOK 406.0 in 2011.

 

ROCE

 

Return on capital employed was 3.9% for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to 16.8% in 2011 reflecting the change in profit in 2012. ROCE is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for a description of how we define and calculate ROCE.

 

Segment Reporting

 

The following is a discussion of our operational results by business unit and based on the salmon’s source of origin, using Operational EBIT per kilogram of fish harvested as a key measure of performance.

 

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Operational EBIT by segment

 

The following table sets forth the Operational EBIT for each of our operating segments for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

Operational EBIT—Farming

 

415.1

 

2,489.6

 

Operational EBIT—Markets

 

344.2

 

228.2

 

Operational EBIT—VAP Europe

 

5.8

 

107.9

 

Operational EBIT—Other

 

-121.7

 

-108.4

 

Group Operational EBIT(1)

 

643.4

 

2,717.3

 

Group EBIT

 

1,009.8

 

406.0

 

 


(1)         Group Operational EBIT is a non-IFRS financial measure. See “Item 3. Key InformationA. Selected Financial Data” for how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and for reconciliation of Group Operational EBIT to EBIT.

 

Farming

 

Farming’s Operational EBIT was NOK 415.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to NOK 2,489.6 million in 2011. The reduction was primarily a result of the significantly lower reference prices, and thus prices achieved, offset by the increase in harvest volume of 14.4%.

 

Sales and Marketing

 

Sales and Marketing’s Operational EBIT for the year ended December 31, 2012 was NOK 350.0 million, compared to NOK 336.1 million in 2011. Operational EBIT in 2012 was comprised of NOK 344.2 million of Operational EBIT of Markets (compared to NOK 228.2 million in 2011) and NOK 5.8 million of Operational EBIT of VAP Europe (compared to NOK 107.9 million in 2011). The improvement in Operational EBIT of Markets was a result of increased volumes and improved margins on sales. Operational EBIT of VAP Europe decreased due to an unfavorable product mix and inefficiencies in production. Despite higher volumes produced, the operational yield was reduced, while the processing cost per kilogram produced increased in 2012 compared to 2011 due to the inefficiencies in operations. Several actions to improve the performance were therefore initiated in 2012.

 

Operational performance by country of origin

 

Set out below are certain operating metrics by country of origin of our salmon for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Salmon of

 

 

 

Norwegian
Origin

 

Scottish
Origin

 

Canadian
Origin

 

Chilean
Origin

 

Irish
Origin

 

Faroese
Origin

 

Other

 

MH
Total

 

Year ended December 31, 2012 (unaudited)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Harvest volume of salmon

 

255,306

 

40,261

 

40,217

 

40,222

 

9,407

 

6,893

 

 

392,306

 

Average price achievement

 

105

%

112

%

97

%

110

%

N/A

 

101

%

 

105

%

Contract coverage

 

31

%

62

%

5

%

30

%

92

%

N/A

 

 

33

%

Quality—superior share

 

90

%

96

%

85

%

90

%

92

%

95

%

 

91

%

Feed cost (NOK per kg)

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

 

11.75

 

Operational EBIT (NOK per kg)(1)

 

3.23

 

3.80

 

-3.48

 

-2.26

 

1.45

 

1.76

 

-0.33

 

1.64

 

EBIT (NOK per kg)

 

5.57

 

3.77

 

-3.97

 

-3.94

 

-2.31

 

2.72

 

-0.62

 

2.57

 

Year ended December 31, 2011 (unaudited)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Harvest volume of salmon

 

217,510

 

50,174

 

33,917

 

25,960

 

9,332

 

5,927

 

 

342,820

 

Average price achievement

 

112

%

109

%

98

%

108

%

N/A

 

101

%

 

110

%

Contract coverage

 

46

%

53

%

18

%

25

%

93

%

N/A

 

 

43

%

Quality—superior share

 

93

%

95

%

78

%

95

%

87

%

94

%

 

92

%

Feed cost (NOK per kg)

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

N/D

 

 

11.56

 

Operational EBIT (NOK per kg)(1)

 

9.15

 

10.35

 

1.17

 

4.26

 

7.97

 

10.27

 

-0.23

 

7.93

 

EBIT (NOK per kg)

 

1.11

 

5.99

 

-8.11

 

1.43

 

6.66

 

1.36

 

0.10

 

1.18

 

 

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(1)         Operational EBIT at Group level and by country of origin is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and reconciliation of Operational EBIT to EBIT.

 

Salmon of Norwegian Origin

 

Operational EBIT

 

Our Operational EBIT for salmon of Norwegian origin was NOK 823.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to NOK 1,990.6 million in 2011. Operational EBIT per kilogram amounted to NOK 3.23 in 2012 compared to NOK 9.15 in 2011 primarily due to reduced salmon prices, partially offset by cost reductions associated with improved feed conversion ratios, reduced mortality and increased harvest volume (reflecting scale effects). Operational EBIT by country of origin is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and reconciliation of Operational EBIT by country of origin to EBIT. Our EBIT for salmon of Norwegian origin was NOK 1,142.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to NOK 240.5 million in 2011. Our EBIT per kilogram was NOK 5.57 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to NOK 1.11 million in 2011.

 

Price and volume development

 

The reference price for our salmon of Norwegian origin was lower in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to 2011 due to the increased global supply of Atlantic salmon in 2012, driven primarily by the increased harvest of salmon of Norwegian and Chilean origin. Our price achievement in 2012 was 5% above the reference price, compared to 12% above the reference price in 2011. Contract coverage was reduced from 46% in 2011 to 31% in 2012, and the contracts in place in 2011 were more favorable to us in terms of price achievement than the contracts we had in 2012. The quality of harvested fish was slightly reduced from 93% superior quality in 2011 to 90% in 2012.

 

Our harvest volume for the year ended December 31, 2012 was 255,306 tons gutted weight, which was 17% higher than in 2011 (217,510 tons gutted weight). A historically mild winter in 2012, combined with increased stocking in the spring of 2011, were the main drivers for the volume increase.

 

Costs and operations

 

During the year ended December 31, 2012, the total cost per kilogram harvested of our salmon of Norwegian origin was reduced, compared to the salmon harvested in 2011, due to improved feed conversion ratio and reduced mortality, partially offset by an increase in the cost of fish feed and sea lice management costs.

 

The cost of feed per kilogram of salmon harvested in 2012 increased by 1% compared to 2011 due to higher fish feed prices, partially mitigated by improvement in the feed conversion ratio and good growth of fish at sea.

 

Other seawater costs per kilogram of salmon harvested in 2012 were lower than in 2011 due to good growth of fish at sea. Sea lice mitigation costs were high throughout 2012 as a result of numerous treatments performed to maintain sea lice levels below trigger limits. The exceptional cost related to sea lice mitigation in 2012 was NOK 168.0 million compared to NOK 151.7 million in 2011. During 2012, the number of sites diagnosed with Pancreas Disease increased compared to 2011. The disease spread north, but the recognized mortality was significantly reduced from prior years as the virus was less aggressive.

 

Other non-seawater costs per kilogram of salmon harvested in 2012 were lower as compared to 2011, benefiting from increased harvest volume in 2012 (reflecting scale effects). We recorded exceptional mortality in the amount of NOK 31.6 million in 2012 compared to NOK 62.1 million in 2011. In 2011, we also recorded exceptional cost related to reduced smolt stocking of NOK 36.0 million.

 

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Salmon of Scottish Origin

 

Operational EBIT

 

Our Operational EBIT for salmon of Scottish origin was NOK 153.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to NOK 519.3 million in 2011. Operational EBIT per kilogram amounted to NOK 3.80 in 2012 compared to NOK 10.35 in 2011 due to the decrease in salmon prices, increased costs associated with the AGD mitigating efforts and reduced harvest volume (reflecting negative scale effects). Operational EBIT by country of origin is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to “Item 3. Key Information— A. Selected Financial Data” for how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and reconciliation of Operational EBIT by country of origin to EBIT. Our EBIT for salmon of Scottish origin was NOK 151.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to NOK 300.5 million in 2011. Our EBIT per kilogram was NOK 3.77 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to NOK 5.99 million in 2011.

 

Price and volume development

 

The reference price for our salmon of Scottish origin was lower in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to 2011 due to the increased global supply of Atlantic salmon, driven primarily by the higher harvest of Norwegian and Chilean salmon. Our price achievement in 2012 was 12% above the reference price, which was an improvement from the price achievement in 2011 of 9% above the reference prices. Price achievement in 2012 was favorably affected by high contract coverage and favorable contract prices compared to the reference price. Contract coverage was at 62% in 2012, compared to 53% in 2011. The share of superior quality salmon in 2012 was 96% compared to 95% in 2011.

 

Harvest volume in the year ended December 31, 2012 was below 2011, at 40,261 tons gutted weight (compared to 50,174 tons in 2011). The decrease was primarily driven by lower smolt stockings in 2011 and the effect of AGD.

 

Costs and operations

 

During the year ended December 31, 2012, the cost per kilogram harvested of our Scottish salmon increased compared to 2011, primarily due to reduced volumes and additional costs associated with AGD, partially offset by reduced fish feed costs.

 

The improvement in feed conversion ratio was the main driver for the lower fish feed costs for the salmon harvested in 2012 compared to the salmon harvested in 2011.

 

Other seawater costs per kilogram of salmon harvested in 2012 were higher than in 2011 due to AGD-related costs.

 

Non-seawater costs per kilogram of salmon harvested in 2012 were higher than in 2011 due to the significant reduction in harvested volume (reflecting negative scale effects).

 

Salmon of Canadian Origin

 

Operational EBIT

 

Our Operational EBIT for salmon of Canadian origin was NOK -140.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to NOK 39.6 million in 2011. Operational EBIT per kilogram amounted to NOK -3.48 in 2012 compared to NOK 1.17 in 2011 due to the reduction in salmon prices, partially offset by lower costs attributable to improved production efficiencies and scale effects. Operational EBIT by country of origin is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and reconciliation of Operational EBIT by country of origin to EBIT. Our EBIT for salmon of Canadian origin was NOK -159.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to NOK -275.2 million in 2011. Our EBIT per kilogram was NOK -3.97 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to NOK -8.11 million in 2011.

 

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Price and volume development

 

The reference price for our salmon of Canadian origin was lower in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to 2011 due to the increased global supply of Atlantic salmon, driven primarily by the higher harvest of Norwegian and Chilean salmon. Our price achievement in 2012 was 3% below the reference price, compared to price achievement of 2% below reference price in 2011. Price achievement on salmon of Canadian origin in 2011 and 2012 were negatively affected by the presence of Kudoa in our fish, which caused customer claims, refunds and discards. The effect of claims and discards attributed to Kudoa was reduced from NOK 67.7 million in 2011 to NOK 63.0 million in 2012 despite an increase in harvest volume, which had a positive effect on our overall price achievement. Contract coverage was 5% in 2012, compared to 18% in 2011. The share of superior quality salmon in 2012 was 85%, compared to 78% in 2011. The superior share in 2011 was low due to maturation and bruises.

 

Harvest volume in the year ended December 31, 2012 was above the 2011 level at 40,217 tons gutted weight (compared to 33,917 tons in 2011). The increase was primarily driven by higher smolt stockings in 2010 and higher growth rates for fish at sea during 2012.

 

Costs and operations

 

During the year ended December 31, 2012, the cost per kilogram harvested of our salmon of Canadian origin decreased compared to the salmon harvested in 2011, primarily due to operational cost reductions and improved production efficiency.

 

Feed cost for the fish harvested in the year remained stable between 2011 and 2012.

 

Other seawater costs per kilogram of fish harvested in 2012 were lower than in 2011 due to improved production efficiency.

 

Non-seawater costs per kilogram of fish harvested in 2012 were lower than for the fish harvested in 2011 due to the increase in harvested volume (reflecting scale effects). Algal blooms are a common challenge for our Canadian operations, and in 2012 we recorded exceptional mortality of NOK 4.2 million at one of our sites related to algal blooms.

 

Salmon of Chilean Origin

 

Operational EBIT

 

Our Operational EBIT for salmon of Chilean origin was NOK -90.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to NOK 110.6 million in 2011. Operational EBIT per kilogram was NOK -2.26 in 2012 compared to NOK 4.26 in 2011, reflecting the decrease in salmon prices, increased sea lice mitigation costs and provisions and inventory write down due to voluntary product recall in the amount of NOK 26.0 million, partially offset by the higher harvest volume (reflecting scale effects). Operational EBIT by country of origin is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and reconciliation of Operational EBIT by country of origin to EBIT. Our EBIT for salmon of Chilean origin was NOK -158.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to NOK 37.2 million in 2011. Our EBIT per kilogram was NOK -3.94 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to NOK 1.43 million in 2011.

 

Price and volume development

 

The reference price for our salmon of Chilean origin was lower in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to 2011 due to the increased global supply of Atlantic salmon, driven primarily by the higher harvest of Norwegian and Chilean salmon. Our price achievement in 2012 was 10% above the reference price, which was an improvement from the price achievement of 8% above reference price in 2011. Price achievement on Chilean salmon was positively affected by favorable effects of our contract coverage, which was 25% in 2011 and 30% in 2012. The share of superior quality salmon in 2012 was 90%, compared to 95% in 2011.

 

Harvest volume in the year ended December 31, 2012 was above 2011 at 40,222 tons gutted weight (compared to 25,960 tons in 2011). The volume increase was attributed to higher smolt stockings and was generally

 

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associated with the rebuilding of the Chilean salmon industry following the 2007 through 2009 recession caused by Infectious Salmon Anemia.

 

Costs and operations

 

During the year ended December 31, 2012, cost per kilogram harvested of our salmon of Chilean origin increased compared to the salmon harvested in 2011. The growth rate of fish at sea in 2012 was lower than in 2011, contributing to increased costs.

 

Feed cost per kilogram of fish harvested in 2012 increased by 9% compared to fish harvested in 2011 due to an increase in fish feed prices.

 

Other seawater costs per kilogram of fish harvested in 2012 increased compared to 2011 due to more challenging biological conditions. Sea lice mitigation costs escalated in 2012 compared to 2011 as the number of treatments required to maintain sites below trigger level increased.

 

Non-seawater costs per kilogram of fish harvested in 2012 were lower than in 2011 due to higher harvest volume (reflecting scale effects). In 2012, we recorded exceptional mortality of NOK 2.9 million due to losses in the freshwater recirculation unit and exceptional costs due to provision and inventory write down in the amount of NOK 26.0 million. The provision/write down was a result of a voluntary product recall due to listeria detected on cold smoked product from our Chilean smoked salmon operations. In 2011, we recorded exceptional costs related to reduced smolt stocking and consolidation of the broodstock groups in the amount of NOK 19.6 million.

 

Salmon of Irish Origin

 

Operational EBIT

 

Our Operational EBIT for salmon of Irish origin was NOK 13.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to NOK 74.4 million in 2011. Operational EBIT per kilogram amounted to NOK 1.45 in 2012, compared to NOK 7.97 in 2011 primarily due to higher costs as a result of Amoebic Gill Disease. Operational EBIT by country of origin is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and reconciliation of Operational EBIT by country of origin to EBIT. Our EBIT for salmon of Irish origin was NOK -21.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to NOK 62.1 million in 2011. Our EBIT per kilogram was NOK -2.31 million in 2012 compared to NOK 6.66 million in 2011.

 

Price and volume development

 

As our Irish operation mainly produces organic salmon, there is no reference price available for benchmarking. Our salmon of Irish origin is mainly sold on short- and medium-term contracts. Contact coverage was 92% in 2012 compared to 93% in 2011. The share of superior quality salmon in 2012 was 92%, compared to 87% in 2011.

 

Harvest volume of the year ended December 31, 2012 was 9,407 tons gutted weight, which was largely in line with the 9,332 tons in 2011.

 

Costs and operations

 

During the year ended December 31, 2012, the total cost per kilogram harvested of our salmon of Irish origin increased in 2012 compared to 2011, primarily due to AGD effects. Exceptional mortality due to AGD was NOK 36.7 million in 2012. We did not experience exceptional mortality in Ireland in 2011.

 

Salmon of Faroese Origin

 

Operational EBIT

 

Our Operational EBIT for salmon of Faroese origin was NOK 12.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to NOK 60.9 million in 2011. Operational EBIT per kilogram amounted to

 

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NOK 1.76 in 2012 and NOK 10.27 in 2011, primarily due to the reduced salmon prices. Operational EBIT by country of origin is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for how we define and calculate Operational EBIT and reconciliation of Operational EBIT by country of origin to EBIT. Our EBIT for salmon of Faroese origin was NOK 18.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to NOK 8.0 million in 2011. Our EBIT per kilogram was NOK 2.72 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to NOK 1.36 million in 2011.

 

Price and volume development

 

Our price achievement for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was 1% above the reference price. The share of superior quality salmon in 2012 was 95% compared to 94% in 2011.

 

Harvest volume in the year ended December 31, 2012 was 6,893 tons gutted weight compared to 5,927 tons in 2011.

 

Costs and operations

 

During the year ended December 31, 2012, the total cost per kilogram harvested of our salmon of Faroese origin increased compared to 2011, primarily due to high sea lice treatment costs in the beginning of 2012.

 

Seasonality

 

Refer to “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Product—How We Create Tasty and Healthy Seafood—Seasonality” for a discussion of seasonal factors affecting us.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources.

 

Our principal sources of liquidity are cash on hand, revenues generated from our operations and, to a lesser extent, loans and other financings.

 

Our principal needs for liquidity have been, and will likely continue to be, costs of raw materials, including fish feed, and other working capital items, capital expenditures, servicing of our debt, dividend payments and acquisitions. We believe that our liquidity is sufficient to cover our working capital needs in the ordinary course of our business.

 

Our cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2013 were NOK 606.2 million compared to NOK 335.3 million as of December 31, 2012 and NOK 279.1 million as of December 31, 2011. Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and bank deposits, including restricted funds. Restricted funds comprise employee’s tax deduction accounts as well as deposit accounts pledged as security.

 

Our NIBD/equity was 47.7% at December 31, 2013, 46.0% at December 31, 2012 and 59.8% at December 31, 2011. The increase from December 31, 2012 to December 31 2013 was mainly due to the increase in debt as a result of the acquisition of Morpol and the payment of  dividend in 2013 (NOK 825.3 million), combined with buildup of working capital in the amount of NOK 1,748.8 million. The conversion of the EUR225 million convertible bond issued in 2010  had a positive effect on NIBD of NOK 1,782.9 million. The decrease from December 31, 2011 to December 31, 2012 was primarily driven by the reduction in our net interest bearing debt, which was NOK 6,467 million at December 31, 2011 compared to NOK 5,381 million at December 31, 2012. NIBD/equity is a non-IFRS financial measure. Refer to “Item 3. Key Information—A. Selected Financial Data” for a description of how we define and calculate NIBD/Equity.

 

Capital Expenditures

 

Our capital expenditures primarily relate to investments into our operating facilities and equipment used in our operations. Net capital expenditures were NOK 1,901.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, NOK 662.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 and NOK 986.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. Out of our total net capital expenditures in 2013, NOK 695.1 million was attributed to the construction of our fish feed plant in Norway.

 

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At December 31, 2013, capital expenditure of approximately NOK 380 million was committed, but not yet recognized in our accounts, approximately 50% of it relating to the feed plant in Norway.

 

Cash Flows

 

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

(unaudited)

 

(unaudited)

 

 

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

Cash flow from operations

 

2,023.0

 

1,552.9

 

2,798.0

 

Cash flow from investments

 

-2,473.3

 

-1,057.6

 

-1,124.1

 

Cash flow from financing

 

631.9

 

-451.8

 

-1,705.9

 

Currency effects on cash

 

11.4

 

-10.6

 

1.0

 

Net change in cash in period

 

193.0

 

32.9

 

-31.0

 

Cash—opening balance(1)

 

246.1

 

213.2

 

244.2

 

Cash—closing balance(1)

 

439.1

 

246.0

 

213.1

 

 


(1)         Excluding restricted cash.

 

Cash flows from operations

 

Cash flow from operations for the year ended December 31, 2013 was NOK 2,023.0 million, compared to NOK 1,552.9 million for 2012. The improved earnings in 2013 compared to 2012 were offset by a negative development in working capital of NOK 1,748.8 million due to increased smolt stocking and higher feed cost.

 

Cash flow from operations for the year ended December 31, 2012 was NOK 1,552.9 million, compared to NOK 2,798.0 million for 2011. The primary driver for the decrease in cash flow from operations was a strong decrease in earnings, partially offset by improved working capital of NOK 472.4 million due to a reduction in biological inventory at cost of NOK 421.3 million due to reduced smolt stocking in 2011 and 2012.

 

Cash flow from investments

 

Cash flow from investments for the year ended December 31, 2013 was NOK -2,473.3 million, compared to cash flow from investments of NOK -1,057.6 million for 2012. The difference was primarily due to payments related to the acquisition of Morpol, construction of the fish feed plant in Norway and an increased overall capital expenditure plan for existing operations.

 

Cash flow from investments for the year ended December 31, 2012 was NOK -1,057.6 million, compared to cash flow from investments of NOK -1,124.1 million for 2011. The difference was primarily due to lower payments made for purchase of fixed assets, partially offset by the cash element in the first phase of the Morpol acquisition in the fourth quarter of 2012.

 

Cash flow from financing

 

Cash flow from financing for the year ended December 31, 2013 was NOK 631.9 million, compared to NOK -451.8 million for 2012.  In 2013, the proceeds from new financing facilities were used for repayment of existing interest-bearing debt and dividends, while in 2012 the available cash flow was mainly used for repayment of interest bearing debt.

 

Cash flow from financing for the year ended December 31, 2012 was NOK -451.8 million, compared to NOK -1,705.9 million for 2011. In 2012, the first phase of the Morpol acquisition was mainly financed by issuing new equity, while there was a major dividend payment in 2011.

 

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Borrowings

 

As of December 31, 2013, our main outstanding borrowing facilities consisted of a EUR 775 million syndicated borrowing facility, a convertible bond of EUR 350 million, a convertible bond of EUR 375 million and an unsecured bond of NOK 1,250 million. Set forth below is a description of these facilities.

 

EUR 775 million syndicated borrowing facility

 

This facility consists of a term loan originally for EUR 183 million, together with two revolving credit facilities of EUR 512 million and USD 105.6 million.

 

The term loan is payable in semi-annual installments of EUR 16 million, with original final maturity in January 2015, which is also the final maturity of the revolving credit facilities. In March 2014, the term-loan and revolving credit facilities were extended until January 2016.

 

The revolving credit facilities are available to Marine Harvest ASA and our selected subsidiaries. In addition, parts of the revolving credit facilities may be allocated as bilateral credits (including overdraft facilities and facilities for the issuance of guarantees) between syndicate banks and Group companies.

 

The maximum ratio of net interest bearing debt to EBITDA allowed under the facility agreement is 3.25 until the second quarter 2014, and 3.00 from (and including) the second quarter 2014. For the calculation of net interest bearing debt to EBITDA, EBITDA is adjusted by a number of items from the reported EBITDA. The equity ratio must be above 40% at all times. Furthermore, our ability to incur new debt is regulated by the loan agreement. Interest margin under the facility is determined based on the net interest bearing debt to EBITDA ratio.

 

NOK 1,250 million unsecured bond

 

In March 2013, we issued an unsecured bond with a principal amount of NOK 1,250 million. The bond carries interest at three-month NIBOR plus 3.5% per annum, payable quarterly. The bond will mature in 2018 and no installment payments are made. The bond is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange.

 

EUR 350 million convertible bond

 

In May 2013, we issued a convertible bond with a principal amount of EUR 350 million. The bond carries a fixed coupon of 2.375% per annum, payable semi-annually. Unless a prior conversion occurs, the bond will mature in 2018. The conversion price is subject to standard adjustment mechanisms for convertible bonds, (including adjustment for dividends). The initial conversion share price was set at EUR 1.0265, but the conversion share price at December 31, 2013 was EUR 0.9908 representing an adjustment for the dividends paid in 2013. From June 2016, we can under certain conditions, give notice of redemption of the bonds issue at par plus accrued interest. After giving notice of such redemption, bondholders may exercise their conversion rights.

 

EUR 375 million convertible bond

 

In April 2014, we issued a convertible bond with a principal amount of EUR 375 million. The bonds have an annual coupon of 0.875% payable semi-annually and a conversion premium of 35.0% over the reference price.  The reference price was set at EUR 8.7019. Unless a prior conversion occurs, the bond will mature in 2019. The conversion price is subject to standard adjustment mechanisms for convertible bonds.

 

Derivative Financial Instruments

 

We use derivative financial instruments such as forward currency contracts and interest rate swaps to hedge our foreign currency risks and interest rate risks. We also use salmon derivatives, both as a hedge of our operational activities and as a financial trading activity. Derivative financial instruments are recognized at fair value in the statement of financial position. Derivatives are classified as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

 

Gains or losses at expiration as well as unrealized changes in fair value on derivatives are recognized in profit or loss, except for cash flow hedges qualifying for hedge accounting, which are temporarily recognized in other comprehensive income.

 

When a derivative is entered into, an evaluation is made as to whether the derivative is part of a portfolio qualifying for hedge accounting or if changes in market value shall be charged to the profit or loss. The classification is documented with a description of the hedge relation and how to measure and follow up on hedge effectiveness.

 

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The non-current currency exposure in certain business units is hedged using forward contracts. The hedges are determined by expected future cash flows in the relevant foreign currency. Gains and losses on derivatives constituting a cash flow hedge are recognized in other comprehensive income and in a hedging reserve within equity until the hedged cash flow materializes and affects the profit or loss. If a cash flow hedge expires without being renewed or the hedge relationship is terminated, accumulated gains and losses in the hedging reserve within equity are recycled through profit or loss in accordance with the above principle. If the hedged transaction is no longer expected to occur, accumulated unrealized gains and losses previously recognized in other comprehensive income is immediately reversed and recycled through profit or loss.

 

To hedge our cash flows against exchange rate fluctuations we currently hedge up to 30% of the EUR/NOK exposure within a one-year horizon. We seek to evenly distribute such hedging throughout the year.

 

Where the hedge program comprises more than one year, the percentage of the exposure to be hedged is reduced over time.

 

At the end of December 2013, we held a portfolio of hedging instruments designated to mitigate transaction and cash flow exposure with a total contract value of NOK 2.8 billion. Instruments equivalent to 99% of the contract value mature in 2014 and no instruments matures beyond July 2015. The portfolio had a net positive market value of NOK 35.9 million at December 31, 2013.

 

We also have a policy to hedge 100% of our non-current interest-bearing debt in our main financing currencies (EUR, USD and GBP) for a period of four years and 50% of the non-current interest-bearing debt over the following five years. The hedging policy is assessed and the portfolio of instruments amended annually in March.  At the end of December 2013, we had a portfolio of interest swaps with a net market value of NOK 311.1 million after an increase in market value in 2013 of NOK 137.6 million, recognized through other comprehensive income, where the interest rate swaps qualifies for hedge accounting or through profit and loss.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Items

 

We do not have any off-balance sheet financing arrangements.

 

Contractual Obligations

 

The following table sets forth our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2013:

 

 

 

Total

 

less than
one year

 

one to
three years

 

three to
five years

 

more
than five
years

 

 

 

(in NOK million)

 

Debt obligations, excluding interest(1)

 

8,550.4

 

518.3

 

3,848.0

 

4,184.2

 

 

 

Interest(2)

 

1,613.1

 

379.2

 

326.1

 

657.8

 

250.0

 

Operating lease obligations(3)

 

1,057.5

 

401.7

 

598.7

 

 

 

57.1

 

Capital expenditure

 

379.7

 

379.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other excluding interest(4)

 

2,505.9

 

2,379.7

 

19.4

 

32.8

 

74.1

 

Total contractual obligations

 

14,106.8

 

4,058.6

 

4,792.2

 

4,874.8

 

381.2

 

 


(1)         Represent payment obligations due under our interest bearing debt facilities excluding interest. Refer to “—Borrowings.”

(2)         Represents interest payments due on our debt and other obligations.

(3)         Represent payment obligations due under our leasing agreements, mainly for wellboat services.

(4)         Represent payment obligations due under our financial leasing agreements, trade payables and other liabilities and obligations due under our derivative financial liabilities excluding interest.

 

Outlook

 

The strong price trend in the fourth quarter continued into the first quarter and the average NOS reference price in Oslo was NOK 48.3 per kilogram in the first nine weeks of 2014. Our achieved price level will be lower

 

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reflecting the fact that approximately 40 % of our production in the first quarter has been committed on contracts with lower price levels.

 

The Board expects a strong market in the coming periods, driven by a combination of continued robust demand and moderate incremental supply coming to the market. This view is supported by the Fish Pool futures price for Norwegian salmon, which is currently about NOK 39.00 per kilogram for the last three quarters of 2014. The supply demand balance looks tight for the first half of 2014, while some more volume will come to the market towards the end of the second quarter and continuing in the second half of 2014, and this might put pressure on the prices. Supply is further positively influenced by particularly good growth conditions in the beginning of 2014, but it is expected to tighten again in the first part of 2015. Based on these observations, the Group’s shareholders should expect volatility in salmon prices, supported by strong demand and limited supply growth. The demand looks strong, but could to a certain extent be negatively influenced by the strong increases in retail prices we have seen during 2013.

 

Through its robust business model, Marine Harvest is well positioned for acquisitive and organic growth going forward. Several specific opportunities for growth are closely monitored and some actions have already been taken, including the entry into forward contracts to purchase a 25.8% stake in Grieg Seafood. This acquisition was cleared by the Canadian competition authorities on March 3, 2014 and is currently awaiting approval by the Ukrainian Anti Monopoly Committee.

 

During 2013, considerable capital was re-invested to strengthen the pillars of Marine Harvest: Feed, Farming and Sales and Marketing. The Board expects the Bjugn feed plant to successfully commence production in June/July 2014 and is considering the construction of a second plant in Norway. The factory in Bjugn, will be the first fish feed plant to be based on the process where the fish oil used in production is cleaned for environmental pollutants.   Fish feed prices are under some short term price pressure due to limited growth in salmon farming and additional feed capacity coming to the market.  Overall such a trend is likely to reduce the major cost component in Marine Harvest’s production.

 

The secondary processing business will be strengthened through the integration of Morpol, as well as the completion of the ongoing restructuring and consolidation of VAP Europe’s site structure from 13 to eight. Further investments are made in organic growth initiatives in Asia and America. The value-added processing business is currently suffering from the high salmon prices. However, the Board is generally disappointed with the results from the processing activities and has initiated actions for improvement. The Board expects that these initiatives will lead to improved profitability in these operations in 2014.

 

The backward and forward integration is expected to reduce Marine Harvest’s reliance on the volatile nature of the salmon commodity prices. The Board expects to develop these parts of the business organically going forward. Within farming, Marine Harvest will pursue selective acquisitions in Norway and Chile in order to substantially increase the global share of production from the current level of about 22%.

 

Marine Harvest is continuously monitoring the biological, sanitary and legislative developments within its geographically well-diversified salmon farming portfolio. The recent AGD cases in Norway have not yet caused operational problems, but the Board is monitoring this situation closely to ensure that necessary contingency plans are implemented in case the situation should escalate. The sea lice situation in Norway is also monitored closely. The Board remains concerned about the status and development in Chile and considerable resources have been dedicated to assist the implementation of measures aimed at improving the situation for the industry. In light of the recurring problems in Chile, which are largely caused by a liberal regulatory framework, Marine Harvest has been actively working to avoid actions from the Norwegian regulator moving in the same direction. The Board is increasingly confident that the Government of Norway will not rush into a decision that could cause a materially adverse biological change for its’ second largest export industry.

 

Marine Harvest is uniquely positioned among salmon farmers. The Group is geographically well-diversified and, contrary to most competitors, strong volume growth is expected in 2014. Farming volumes are expected to grow by 21%, to a level of 417 000 tons. This growth in biomass will, together with the investment in the VAP activities and the new feed factory, lead to relatively high capital expenditures during 2014, before normalizing again in 2015.

 

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The Board is pleased with the way the Group is currently positioned. Marine Harvest is currently the only large salmon producer with a fully integrated business model of sustainably produced, healthy proteins. Based on the future supply-demand balance, there are great opportunities for delivering a solid return to the shareholders in the years to come. Such a return is likely to include an increasingly large component of quarterly cash dividend payments as net debt comes down and capital expenditures normalize. The net interest-bearing debt is expected to be materially reduced during the first half of 2014, driven by solid operating results, a seasonal reduction in working capital and also influenced by the expected sales proceeds from the sale of the operations on the Shetland and Orkney Islands.

 

The salmon market has over the last 20 years achieved an annual demand growth rate of 7 — 10 %. With the increased awareness of the health benefits of eating salmon, and the strong competitive advantages salmon has through a lower feed conversion ratio  than other protein products, the Board remains excited about the future of the company. The main drivers will be a continued high demand growth and limited opportunities to add new efficient capacity.

 

The Board expects, based on the prices achieved so far and the outlook for the rest of the year, that Marine Harvest will produce one of their best operating results ever in 2014. This is also likely to be reflected in the distribution to shareholders.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates

 

In preparing our financial statements, we make estimates, assumptions and judgments that can have a significant impact on our net revenue, operating income or loss and net income or loss, as well as on the value of certain assets and liabilities on our statement of financial position. We believe that the estimates, assumptions and judgments involved in the accounting policies described below have the greatest potential impact on our financial statements, so we consider these to be our critical accounting policies.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Sale of fish products

 

Revenue for the Group is related to sales of fish and elaborated fish products. Sales of fish and elaborated fish products are recognized when the significant risk associated with these products have been transferred to the customers, which is normally at delivery. We believe there are no significant estimates or judgments involved in determining when the significant risks associated with these products have been transferred (time of delivery), but revenue recognition is a critical accounting policy as it is pivotal to the Group’s financial condition and results.

 

Biomass

 

Changes in the estimated fair value on biomass are recognized in profit or loss. The fair value adjustment is presented on a separate line in the statement of comprehensive income; “fair value adjustment on biological assets.” The change in fair value adjustment is calculated as the change in fair value of the biomass less the change in accumulated cost of production for the biomass. See below (“Biological assets”) for further discussion around significant estimates involved in the fair value measurement of biological assets.

 

Biological assets

 

Our biological assets, which comprise eggs, juveniles, smolt and fish in the sea, are recognized at fair value less cost to sell in accordance with International Accounting Standard 41, Agriculture. Management applies significant judgment in determining fair value less cost to sell, as effective markets for sale of live fish do not exist.

 

Estimation of fair value less cost to sell involves using numerous assumptions, both related to prices and volume (size of the fish). Key assumptions include market prices, biomass quality, expected mortality, biological transformation/performance and estimated costs until harvesting. Estimation of site performance and expected future costs are normally estimated with a higher degree of accuracy than estimated market prices.

 

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In determining the appropriate estimated market price we use a combination of various third party sources, such as forward market prices for salmon derivatives (where available), spot prices and recently entered fixed price contracts. In terms of establishing appropriate volume estimates, we monitor each individual site in terms of biological transformation/performance to ensure accuracy. Further, at harvesting we identify any difference between actual harvested volumes and estimated volumes in order to calibrate the estimates. Normally the volume deviations are minor.

 

Our fair value estimates of biological assets are primarily sensitive to the estimated market price assumption. Other estimates include cost at harvest, average weight and quality at harvest. An increase of NOK 1 per kilogram gutted weight in the estimated market price would change the carrying value of biological assets (which equals the fair value less cost to sell) by approximately NOK 172.1 million as of December 31, 2013. Likewise, a reduction of NOK 1 per kilogram gutted weight in the estimated cost at harvest size, would change the carrying value of biological assets by approximately NOK 93,3 million as of December 31, 2013. An increase of 1% in the average weight of fish would change the value of biological assets by approximately NOK 55.8 million, and a 1% increase in the share of superior grade fish at harvest would reduce the value by approximately NOK 19.9 million as of December 31, 2013.

 

Intangible assets—goodwill and farming licenses

 

We test for potential impairment of goodwill and farming licenses with indefinite useful lives annually in the fourth quarter and whenever indicators of impairment arise. The impairment test on intangible assets is based on a discounted cash flow model per cash generating unit (CGU). This requires us to use a number of assumptions, including market factors specific to the business, biological performance, the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows, long-term growth rates for the business, and a discount rate that considers the relative risk of achieving the cash flows and the time value of money. In general, cost estimates (cash outflows) can normally be estimated with a higher degree of accuracy than revenues (cash inflows). As the profitability in the salmon farming industry historically has been very volatile, depending on the development in the price of salmon, Marine Harvest uses budgets and long-term plans for the first four years of the analysis, and assumes a return to long term historic averages for profitability in the fifth year and terminal value.

 

Although the assumptions we use in our discounted cash flow model are consistent with the assumptions we use to generate our internal strategic plans and forecasts, significant judgment is required to estimate the amount and timing of future cash flows for each CGU and the relative risk of achieving those cash flows. In terms of estimating the appropriate discount rate, the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and weighted average cost of capital (WACC) model is applied. In determining the input assumptions to the WACC model, we use third party sources where available (e.g., interest rate, inflation rate and beta) and our treasury department’s assessment of our incremental borrowing rate. Assumptions and estimates about future cash flows are complex and often subjective. They can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors such as industry and economic trends, and internal factors such as changes in our business strategy and our internal forecasts. For example, if our future operating results do not meet current forecasts, there are significant changes in the regulatory environment, or we experience a sustained decline in our market capitalization that is determined to be indicative of a reduction in the fair value of one or more of our CGUs, we may be required to recognize future impairment charges for goodwill or farming licenses. Impairment charges could materially decrease our future net income and result in lower asset values on our statement of financial position.

 

As of December 31, 2013 we had a total of approximately NOK 8.4 billion in goodwill and farming licenses. During the fourth quarter of 2013 we performed our annual impairment test of goodwill and farming licenses. Using the methodology described above, we determined that the estimated fair value of all our CGUs exceeded their carrying values and that they were not impaired. In addition, during this analysis we concluded that the estimated fair values of all our CGUs substantially exceeded their carrying values, and that no reasonably possible change in any key assumption would cause the carrying amount to exceed its recoverable amount.

 

Impairment—property, plant & equipment

 

We review our property, plant and equipment for potential impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable or when reclassifications are made between property, plant and equipment and assets held for sale. Factors that might indicate a potential

 

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impairment include significant decreases in the market value of the long-lived asset, a significant change in the long-lived asset’s physical condition, a change in industry conditions or a substantial reduction in cash flows associated with the use of the long-lived asset. When impairment indicators are present, the determination of recoverability is made based on discounted future cash flows of the related assets or group of assets being reviewed. This evaluation requires us to make judgments regarding long-term forecasts of future revenue and costs. In turn these forecasts are uncertain in that they require assumptions about demand, future market conditions and technological developments. Significant and unanticipated changes to these assumptions could require a provision for impairment in a future period. Given the nature of these evaluations and their application to specific asset groups and specific times, it is not possible to reasonably quantify the impact of changes in these assumptions.

 

Our estimates, assumptions and judgments used in the application of our property, plant and equipment accounting policies reflect both historical experience and expectations regarding future industry conditions and operations. Using different estimates, assumptions and judgments, especially those involving the useful lives and expectations regarding future industry conditions and operations, would result in different carrying values of assets and results of operations. As of December 31, 2013 there were no indications of impairment related to our property, plant and equipment.

 

Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting

 

We use derivative financial instruments to mitigate our foreign currency risk and interest rate risk. These objectives are more fully described in Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements. We record all our derivative financial instruments on the statement of financial position at fair value. Market value changes result in a change in the fair value of these financial instruments. The recognition of the changes in fair value of these financial instruments is recorded in the statement of comprehensive income and is contingent upon whether the financial instruments has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship.

 

Gains and losses on derivative financial instruments not designated in formal hedging relationships are recognized through profit or loss. Certain derivative financial instruments used to mitigate foreign currency risk and interest rate risk are designated as cash flow hedges. Accordingly, unrealized gains and losses are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income or loss.

 

The criteria used to determine if a financial instrument meets the definition of a derivative and qualifies for hedge accounting treatment are complex and require management to exercise professional judgment. Further, significant changes in the fair value of these financial instruments could materially impact our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

Prices actively quoted are used to determine the fair value of most of our financial instruments recorded on the statement of financial position at fair value. However, we utilize models and other valuation methods to determine fair value when external sources are not available. Fair value estimates also consider our own creditworthiness and the creditworthiness of counterparties involved. Our counterparties consist primarily of financial institutions. We seek to minimize credit risk through an evaluation of their financial condition and credit ratings and the use of collateral requirements under certain circumstances.

 

The fair value of our financial instruments is subject to potentially significant volatility based on numerous conditions including, but not limited to changes in commodity prices, foreign currency rates, interest rates, maturity and settlement of these financial instruments. We believe that the market prices and models used to value these financial instruments represent the best information available with respect to closing exchange and over-the-counter quotations, time value and volatility factors underlying these contracts.

 

New Accounting Pronouncements

 

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IFRS 9 - Financial instruments

 

IFRS 9 will replace the classification and measurement rules in IAS 39 Financial Instruments Recognition and measurement for financial instruments.  The standard was initially effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, but the mandatory effective date is postponed to 2018. We have not finalized our deliberations on the effects of the implementation of IFRS 9, but do not expect that the new standard will have material impact on the measurement of financial assets and liabilities.

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

 

For disclosure regarding the quantitative and qualitative market risks, see “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”

 

ITEM 6.    Directors, Senior Management and Employees

 

A. Directors and Senior Management.

 

The following table sets forth information regarding our directors as of the date of this annual report.

 

Name 

 

Age

 

Function

 

Date
Elected

 

Term
Expires

 

Ole-Eirik Lerøy

 

54

 

Chairman of Marine Harvest ASA

 

2013

 

2015

 

Leif Frode Onarheim

 

79

 

Vice Chairman of Marine Harvest ASA

 

2013

 

2015

 

Tor Olav Trøim

 

51

 

Director

 

2012

 

2014

 

Solveig Strand

 

53

 

Director

 

2012

 

2014

 

Michael Parker

 

60

 

Director

 

2013

 

2015

 

Cecilie Fredriksen

 

30

 

Director

 

2012

 

2014

 

Hege Sjo

 

45

 

Director

 

2012

 

2014

 

Turid Lande Solheim

 

44

 

Production Manager, MH Norway

 

2012

 

2014

 

Geir-Elling Nygård

 

47

 

HSE Coordinator, MH Norway

 

2012

 

2014

 

Stein Mathiesen

 

40

 

Factory Scheduler, MH Norway Region West

 

2012

 

2014

 

 

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The following table sets forth information regarding our senior management as of the date of this annual report:

 

Name

 

Age

 

Position

Alf-Helge Aarskog

 

46

 

Chief Executive Officer

Ivan Vindheim

 

43

 

Chief Financial Officer

Marit Solberg

 

57

 

Chief Operating Officer, Farming

Ola Brattvoll

 

45

 

Chief Operating Officer, Sales & Marketing

Ben Hadfield

 

37

 

Chief Operating Officer, Fish Feed

 

The business address of all directors and senior management is the business address of the company.

 

Biographies

 

Ole-Eirik Lerøy.  Mr. Lerøy has broad experience in the seafood industry and was the CEO of Lerøy Seafood Group ASA, a seafood production and distribution company based in Bergen, Norway, from 1991 to 2008, Chairman of the Norwegian Seafood Federation (FHL), a body representing companies within the fisheries and aquaculture sectors in Norway, from 2000 to 2006 and the chairman of the board of the Norwegian Seafood Export Council (NSEC), a body that promotes Norwegian seafood outside Norway, from 1994 to 2000. Mr. Lerøy was Vice Chairman of DNB Supervisory Board 2006-2008. He is the managing director of Framar AS, an investment company and holds various board positions in connection with Framar’s investments. Mr. Lerøy is educated at the Norwegian School of Management and is member of the board of the International Groundfish Forum. Mr. Lerøy has been a director of Marine Harvest ASA since 2009.

 

Leif Frode Onarheim.  Mr. Onarheim was the president and CEO of Nora Sunrose AS and CEO of Nora Industrier ASA, Norway’s largest manufacturer of beer, soft drinks and a variety of food products, from 1971 to 1992. Nora merged with Orkla ASA in 1991 and Mr. Onarheim served as chariman of the Board. From 1993 to 1997 he was President/CEO of the Norwegian School of Management. He served as chairman of the Federation of Norwegian Industries from 1997 to 2001 and as a member of the Norwegian Parliament from 2001 to 2004. He has held directorships in various private and governmental enterprises. Mr. Onarheim has a MBA from the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration. Mr. Onarheim serves as a member of the Asker Council and is a member of the Executive Committee. Mr. Onarheim has been a director of Marine Harest ASA since 2006. He was a director of Fjord Seafood ASA, a company acquired by us from 2005 until 2006.

 

Tor Olav Trøim.  Mr Trøim has an extensive background as a director and is currently a director and Vice Chairman  of Seadrill Ltd, an offshore drilling company, a director and Vice chairman of  Golar LNG Ltd, a liquified natural gas shipping  company, a director of  Golden Ocean Group Ltd, a dry bulk shipping company and Archer Ltd, an oilfield service provider.  Mr Troim is also chairman of the two NYSE listed companies  Golar Partner Ltd and Seadrill Partners Ltd.  During his employment in Seatankers Management he has had positions as CEO in Frontline Management, Seadrill Management and Golar Management.   Prior to joining  Seatankers Management Ltd.  in 1995 Mr Trøim served as Managing Director and a member of the Board of Directors of DNO AS, a Norwegian oil company.  He has also experience as equity portfolio manager for Storebrand ASA. Troim has  a Master of Science degree from the University of Technology in Trondheim, Norway.  Mr Trøim was a director of Marine Harvest ASA from 2005 to 2008 and has been a director since 2012.

 

Solveig Strand.  Ms. Strand has been the Managing Director of the companies within the Strand Group (since 1999) and was a Parliamentary Secretary for the Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries. She is the managing director and a board member of Havsbryn AS (since 2002), the managing director and board member of Fiskeskjer AS (since 2002) and the chairman of the board of Vasshaugen Invest AS (since 2003). She has also been a member of the county council of Møre og Romsdal and holds a degree in IT and Economics. Ms. Strand has been a director of Marine Harvest ASA since 2006. She was a director of Fjord Seafood ASA, a company acquired by us, from 2004 until 2006.

 

Michael Parker.  Mr. Parker has over 30 years of general management experience in the food industry, mainly in seafood. He was a board member of the UK government seafood body, Seafish, and is currently active in the UK public affairs consultancy and publishing. Mr. Parker has been the chair of the Grimsby Institute Group, an education provider, since 2012 as well as a member of the Humber Local Enterprise Partnership, a regional group established to promote economic growth, since 2013, Lodestone (Oxford) Ltd., a strategic communication consultancy firm, since 2012 and Brookes Parker Ltd, a consultancy service and investment firm, since 2011.

 

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Mr. Parker holds a degree in Business Administration from the University of Bath and was a trustee of the Marine Stewardship Council (from 2000 to 2010). Mr. Parker has been a director of Marine Harvest ASA since 2011.

 

Cecilie Fredriksen.  Ms. Fredriksen is a member of the board of Northern Offshore Ltd., an operator of offshore oil and gas drilling units and production vessels, Ship Finance International Ltd. (since 2008), a vessel owning company, and Archer Ltd., an oilfield service provider. Ms. Fredriksen holds a degree in Business and Spanish from London Metropolitan University. Ms. Fredriksen has been a director of Marine Harvest ASA since 2008.

 

Hege Sjo.  Ms. Sjo is a senior advisor at Hermes Fund Management Ltd where she has had positions since 2006. She has held several executive positions at Oslo Børs (Oslo Stock Exchange) including the position as CFO. She holds several directorships including, Wilh. Wilhelmsen ASA, a global maritime industry group (since 2010), Polarcus Ltd, a marine geophysical company specializing in high-end towed steamer data (since 2008), and Norges Bank’s Executive Board, the Central Bank of Norway. Ms. Sjo holds a post graduate degree in corporate finance from the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration. Ms. Sjo has been a director of marine Harvest ASA since 2010.

 

Turid Lande Solheim.  Ms. Solheim started in the seafood business in 1993 at Mowi AS, a seafood company acquired by us. She is currently a Production Manager in Marine Harvest Norway Region South, a position she has held since 2011. She studied Economics and Aquaculture at Molde Regional College. Ms. Solheim was elected to the board of directors as a representative of our employees. Ms. Solheim has been a director of Marine Harvest ASA since 2008.

 

Geir-Elling Nygård.  Mr. Nygård started at Mowi AS, a seafood company acquired by us, in 1991 and worked at two smaller aquaculture companies prior to joining Mowi. He is currently a Health, Safety and Environment, or HSE, Coordinator in Marine Harvest Norway, a position he has held since 2012. He has a certification in carpentry and studied HSE at the University of Nordland. Mr. Nygård was elected to the board of directors as a representative of our employees. Mr. Nygård has been a director of Marine Harvest ASA since 2008.

 

Stein Mathiesen.  Mr. Mathiesen began working in the seafood business in 1989 at Domstein and has been working at Marine Harvest since 2007. He is a trained food technician and is currently a Factory Scheduler in Marine Harvest Norway Region West, a position he has held since 2007. Mr. Mathiesen was elected to the board of directors as a representative of our employees. Mr. Mathiesen has been a director of Marine Harvest ASA since 2012.

 

Alf-Helge Aarskog.  Mr. Aarskog has served as the CEO of Marine Harvest since 2010. Prior to his position in the company, Mr. Aarskog was the CEO of Lerøy Seafood Group ASA, from 2009 to 2010. His previous positions include executive vice president of Lerøy Seafood Group ASA (from 2007 to 2009), managing director of Lerøy Midnor AS, a subsidiary of Lerøy Seafood Group ASA (from 2004 to 2007) and head of production in Fjord Seafood ASA, a company which later merged with us (from 2002 to 2004). He holds a degree in Fish Nutrition from the University of Agriculture in Norway.

 

Ivan Vindheim.  Mr. Vindheim joined Marine Harvest as CFO in 2012. Prior to joining Marine Harvest, Mr. Vindheim was the CFO of Lerøy Seafood Group ASA for five years. From 2005 to 2007 Mr. Vindheim was Vice President of Finance in Rolls-Royce, heading the finance department for reciprocating engines. Mr. Vindheim worked for Deloitte from 1996 to 2004, first within assurance services and later within corporate finance. He holds a degree in Business and an MBA from Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration. He is also a licensed State Authorized Public Accountant and Certified European Financial Analyst. In addition, he has two years of officer school and two years of law school.

 

Marit Solberg.  Ms. Solberg has been the COO of Marine Harvest’s Farming segment since 2011. Prior to this role, Ms. Solberg was the managing director of Marine Harvest Norway AS from 2002 to 2011. From 2002, Ms. Solberg managed the extensive and highly successful turnaround of the Marine Harvest operations in Norway. She has a wide background in technology and production as well as merger and change management experience. Ms. Solberg has also held senior management positions in Hydro Seafood, a fish production organization, from 1996 to 2002, as well as Mowi AS, a seafood company acquired by us, from 1985 to 1996. She holds a degree in Microbiology from the University of Bergen.

 

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Ola Brattvoll.  Mr. Brattvoll has served as the COO of Marine Harvest’s Sales and Marketing segment since December 2010. Prior to joining Marine Harvest in 2010, Mr. Brattvoll worked in the marketing and sales department of the Norwegian Seafood Export Council’s Norway office (from 1995 to 2002) and Tokyo office (from 2002 to 2006). Mr. Brattvoll also worked in marketing and sales at Hallvard Lerøy AS, a Norwegian Seafood Company, both as market director (from 2006 to 2007) and vice president of sales (from 2010 to 2011). He holds a degree in Fisheries from The Norwegian College of Fisheries Science, University of Tromsø.

 

Ben Hadfield.  Mr. Hadfield has been the COO of Marine Harvest’s Fish Feed segment since February 2013. Prior to this position, Mr. Hadfield was a production manager in Marine Harvest Scotland (from 2007 to 2013) and the technical chairman of the Scottish Salmon Producers Organisation, the organization dedicated to improving the quality and sustainability of salmon farming in Scotland (from 2012 to 2013). His previous positions also include Technical & HSEQ Manager at Marine Harvest Scotland (from 2004 to 2007) and Environmental Manager at Marine Harvest Scotland (from 2000 to 2004). He holds degrees from the University of Sheffield and University of Manchester.

 

B. Compensation.

 

Remuneration for the members of the board is determined by our annual general meeting of shareholders based on a proposal from our Nomination Committee and with retrospective effect for the period from the previous annual general meeting of shareholders. The remuneration reflects the board’s responsibility, expertise, time commitment and the complexity of our activities. The remuneration is not linked to our performance. All members of the board, with the exception of the chairman, and the deputy chairman receive the same remuneration. The members of the audit committee receive additional remuneration.

 

The remuneration paid to our members of the board in the year ended December 31, 2013 is set forth below:

 

Name

 

Position

 

Fees

 

Salaries and
Other

Remuneration(1)

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(in 000 NOK)

 

 

 

Ole-Eirik Lerøy

 

Chairman

 

600

 

 

600

 

Leif Frode Onarheim

 

Vice Chairman

 

450

 

 

450

 

Tor Olav Trøim

 

Board member

 

275

 

 

275

 

Solveig Strand

 

Board member

 

350

 

 

350

 

Michael Parker

 

Board member

 

275

 

 

275

 

Cecilie Fredriksen

 

Board member

 

275

 

 

275

 

Hege Sjo

 

Board member

 

350

 

 

350

 

Turid Lande Solheim

 

Board member, employee representative

 

275

 

1,232

 

1,507

 

Geir-Elling Nygård

 

Board member, employee representative

 

275

 

685

 

960

 

Stein Mathiesen

 

Board member, employee representative

 

275

 

637

 

912

 

 


(1)         Remuneration is paid to the employee representatives serving on our board in their capacity as our employees and not for services performed on the board of directors.

 

The board determines the principles applicable to our policy for senior executive compensation. The board is directly responsible for establishing our CEO’s compensation and other benefits. The CEO is, in consultation with the chairman of the board, responsible for establishing compensation and other benefits for our other senior executives. For these purposes, our senior executives include the management team of each of our business areas as well as the senior members of the corporate staff.

 

Our compensation schemes provide for a limited number of benefits in kind. These benefits are offered in line with what is common practice in local labor markets and typically include personal communication equipment, access to media and in some instances car and parking arrangements.

 

The remuneration paid to our senior executives in the year ended December 31, 2013 is set forth below:

 

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Name

 

Fixed
Salary

 

Cash
Bonus(1)

 

Share-based
bonus(2)

 

Pension
Cost(3)

 

Other

 

Total

 

Alf-Helge Aarskog

 

4,930

 

 

9,108

 

69

 

182

 

14,289

 

Ivan Vindheim

 

2,789

 

 

 

69

 

181

 

3,089

 

Marit Solberg

 

2,746

 

 

1,881

 

2,085

 

209

 

6,921

 

Ola Brattvoll

 

2,032

 

 

 

71

 

13

 

2,116

 

Ben Hadfield

 

1,706

 

171

 

558

 

130

 

475

 

3,041

 

 


(1)         Pursuant to their employment agreements, each of our senior executives is entitled to participate in our annual cash bonus scheme. The scheme provides for a payment of an annual cash bonus if an employee’s individual, relevant business area’s and company performance targets are met. Approximately 70% of the bonus is linked to the target achievement of Marine Harvest and of our relevant business areas, while 30% is linked to individual target achievement.  The size of the bonus is for each individual limited to a share of the person’s fixed salary. Such bonus shall normally not exceed 50% of the fixed salary.

(2)         We provide a share-based bonus scheme to our key employees including each of our senior executives listed in this table. The scheme was launched in 2008, and the first bonus payments were made in April 2011. The main characteristics of the scheme are as follows:

 

·                  The individual participating in the bonus is allotted a number of “Units.” Each Unit corresponds to one ordinary share of Marine Harvest ASA and the base value of each Unit is equal to 107.5% of the market price of Marine Harvest ASA’s shares at the time of allotment.

 

·                  Three years after allotment, the individual is paid a cash bonus corresponding to the positive difference between the market value of an ordinary share of Marine Harvest ASA at such time and the Unit’s base value, multiplied by the number of Units (i.e., the settlement).

 

·                  The individual must invest the entire cash bonus, less income tax, in ordinary shares of Marine Harvest ASA to be purchased at market prices. These shares are purchased from us (if treasury shares are available) or in the open market. We reimburse the individual’s administrative expenses associated with purchasing the shares.

 

·                  The individual must own the ordinary shares for a minimum of 12 months following their acquisition.

 

·                  The payment of the bonus is conditional on the individual remaining employed by us in a non-terminated position during the entire earning period (i.e., from the time of allotment until settlement). For each individual, the bonus amount is capped at two years’ salary.

 

·      The scheme was capped at 35 million Units per year.

 

Outstanding Units will be forfeited without any compensation to the beneficiary if the individual ceases to be our employee prior to the settlement date. Allotments under this program were carried out up to and including 2011.

 

Starting in 2012, we changed the structure of our share-based bonus scheme. Under the new structure, participants are allocated call options with a strike price equal to 107.5% of the market price of Marine Harvest ASA’s shares at the time of allotment. The options vest four years after the grant date, but become exercisable immediately if a mandatory tender offer is made for all of our outstanding shares or if we are a non-surviving entity in a merger with another company. When the shares vest (i.e., four years after allotment), the participant must take delivery of shares of Marine Harvest ASA and cannot settle the options in cash. These shares are not subject to a holding period by the recipient.

 

The call options are conditional on participants being employed by us until the call options vest. The value of the options is, for each individual, limited to two years’ salary. Full adjustment is made for dividends paid by Marine Harvest ASA, from the date of allotment of the option to the date of vesting.

(3)         We provide defined benefit and defined contribution pension schemes to our key employees. The only senior executive on a defined benefit plan was Ms. Solberg.

 

For more information on stock options, see “—E. Share Ownership.”

 

As of December 31, 2013, we had set aside NOK 23.2 million to provide for pensions, retirement or similar benefits for our executive officers named in the foregoing table.

 

C. Board Practices.

 

Board of Directors

 

Our Articles of Association provide that our board of directors shall consist of a minimum of six and a maximum of 12 members. As of the date of this annual report, our board of directors was composed of seven directors nominated and elected by the shareholders (one of whom, Mr. Ole-Eirik Lerøy, is also our chairman of the

 

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board) and three directors nominated and elected by our employees. In order to comply with the Norwegian Code of Practice for Corporate Governance, at least two of our shareholder-elected board members must be independent of our senior management, our material business contacts and our main shareholders. The primary responsibility of our board of directors is to oversee our operations and affairs, and to supervise the policies of senior management. The terms for four of the shareholder-elected board members will expire at the annual general meeting of shareholders to be held in 2014 and the terms for the three remaining shareholder-elected board members will expire at the annual general meeting of shareholders to be held in 2015. The terms for the three employee-elected board members will expire in 2014.

 

We have entered into employment agreements with each of our executive officers. None of the board members have any service contracts with the Company or any of its subsidiaries providing for benefits upon termination of employment.

 

Committees

 

We have established two committees: the nomination committee (a committee independent of and outside our board) and the audit committee (a committee of our board). We have adopted a charter for each of these committees. Each committee’s members and functions are as follows.

 

Nomination committee.    Our nomination committee consists of Erling Lind, Merethe Haugli and Arne Hjeltnes. All of these members are independent of the board and our senior management.

 

The nomination committee’s responsibility is to make recommendations to the general meeting of shareholders regarding the election of directors, positions of chairman and deputy chairman of the board of directors and election of members of the nomination committee. The nomination committee proposes the remuneration for all members of the board of directors and members of the nomination committee.

 

The nomination committee’s substantiated recommendation of its proposals and candidates, including all relevant information about the candidates, is presented to the general meeting of shareholders. The recommendation must include all relevant information about director candidates, about the composition of the board of directors and about nomination committee candidates. The recommendation must also describe how the committee carried out its work and the committee’s view on the following:

 

·                  whether the number of board directors is appropriate,

 

·                  whether the nomination committee has sufficient resources and expertise, and

 

·                  whether the committee instructions ought to be amended.

 

Audit committee.    The audit committee consists of Leif Frode Onarheim, Solveig Strand and Hege Sjo, with Mr. Onarheim acting as chairman of the audit committee. All three members of the audit committee are deemed independent of our senior management. The audit committee reports to the board of directors and conducted eight meetings during 2013. The responsibility of the audit committee is to monitor our financial reporting process and the effectiveness of our systems for internal control and risk management. The audit committee keeps in regular contact with our auditor regarding the auditing of the annual accounts and evaluates and oversees the auditor’s independence. The audit committee reviews ethics and compliance issues.

 

Code of Ethics and Ethical Guidelines

 

Our Code of Conduct describes our commitment and requirements in connection with ethical issues relevant to business practice and personal conduct. We will, in our business activities, comply with applicable laws and regulation and act in an ethical, sustainable and socially responsible manner. The Code of Conduct has been communicated to all employees and it is expected that a personal commitment to follow the Code of Conduct is made by each employee.

 

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D. Employees.

 

See “Item 4—Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Business—People—Providing Safe and Meaningful Jobs.”

 

E. Share Ownership.

 

Share Purchase Program

 

All permanent employees in Marine Harvest ASA and its Norwegian subsidiaries have in 2009 through 2013 had the opportunity to acquire our ordinary shares within the scope of the Norwegian Tax Act Section 5-14. These provisions provide these employees with an opportunity to receive a tax free benefit of NOK 1,500 in connection with their participation in this scheme. The employees are given the opportunity to receive acquisition financing through a loan from us, which is deducted from their salary over a period of a maximum of ten months. Senior excecutives are not allowed to finance their share purchases through a loan from Marine Harvest.

 

Outstanding Equity Awards to Certain Members of Senior Management

 

The following table sets forth Units and call options for our ordinary shares held by certain members of our senior management as of January 21, 2014. No call options other than those stated in the table below were granted by us to members of our senior management and are currently outstanding. We do not grant call options (or any other equity securities) to our board members in their capacity as members of the board.

 

 

 

2013 Allotment of
Call Options(1)(3)

 

2012 Allotment of
Call Options(1)(3)

 

2011 Allotment of
Units(1)(2)(3)

 

Alf-Helge Aarskog

 

517,902

 

517,902

 

587,475

 

Ivan Vindheim

 

103,580

 

103,580

 

 

 

Marit Solberg

 

103,580

 

103,580

 

146,869

 

Ola Brattvoll

 

103,580

 

103,580

 

146,869

 

Ben Hadfield

 

41,432

 

 

29,375

 

 


(1)         Presents the number of options or Units granted, adjusted for dividends and changes in the equity capital during the term of the option according to the Oslo Stock Exchange’s derivative rules.

(2)         For a discussion of “Units” see footnote two in “—Compensation.”

(3)         As of January 21, 2014 the strike price of the 2013 options was NOK 54.450 as expressed in terms of the executed reverse share split. As of January 21, 2014 the strike price of the 2012 options was NOK 33.694  as expressed in terms of the executed reverse share split. As of January 21, 2014 the strike price of the 2011 units was NOK 62.581 as expressed in terms of the executed reverse share split.

 

ITEM 7.    Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

 

A. Major Shareholders.

 

The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our shares by:

 

·                  each of our directors, director nominees, and executive officers individually and as a group; and

 

·                  each person known to us to own beneficially more than 5% of our issued ordinary shares.

 

The calculations in the table below are based on 4,103,777,581 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2013, which comprise our entire issued and outstanding share capital as of that date. As of December 31, 2013, 472,415,649 of our shares were held in the United States, comprising 11.5% of our issued share capital. In addition, as of December 31, 2013, we had 120 shareholders of record in the United States.

 

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we have included shares that the person has the right to acquire within 60 days, including through the exercise of any option, warrant or other right or the conversion of any other security. These shares, however, are not included in the computation of the percentage ownership of any other person.

 

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All ordinary shares have the same voting rights.

 

We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of us.

 

 

 

As of January 24, 2014

 

 

 

Total Ordinary
Shares

 

Total % of Issued
Share Capital

 

Directors and Executive Officers:

 

 

 

 

 

Ole-Eirik Lerøy(1)

 

2,722,000

 

0.7

%

Leif Frode Onarheim(2)

 

32,500

 

*

 

Solveig Strand(3)

 

2,000

 

*

 

Michael Parker

 

 

 

Cecilie Fredriksen(4)

 

 

 

Tor Olav Trøim

 

500

 

*

 

Hege Sjo

 

 

 

Turid Lande Solheim

 

813

 

*

 

Geir-Elling Nygård

 

 

 

Stein Mathiesen

 

524

 

*

 

Alf-Helge Aarskog, CEO

 

104,149

 

*

 

Ivan Vindheim, CFO

 

524

 

*

 

Marit Solberg, COO, Farming

 

39,106

 

*

 

Ola Brattvoll, COO, Sales and Marketing

 

524

 

*

 

Ben Hadfield, COO, Fish Feed

 

4,948

 

*

 

All directors and executive officers as a group

 

2,947,218

 

0.7

%

Major Shareholders:

 

 

 

 

 

Geveran Trading Co. Ltd.(5)

 

117,351,603

 

28.6

%

Folketrygdfondet(6)

 

38,137,912

 

9.2

%

State Street Global Advisors, Inc.(7)

 

29,413,344

 

7.1

%

 


*Represents less than 1% of our issued and outstanding share capital.

(1)        Ole-Eirik Lerøy and his affiliate own 2,722,000 shares in Marine Harvest ASA, and have a right to acquire 3,000,000 shares pursuant to a forward agreement. The settlement date of the forward agreement is January 6, 2016 and the purchase price is NOK 77.3 per share. The structure includes a mechanism which limits Lerøy and his affiliate’s losses at expiration to NOK 30 million.

(2)         Leif Frode Onarheim’s shares are owned beneficially through LONAR AS.

(3)         Solveig Strand’s shares are held beneficially through Aquaris Invest AS.

(4)         Cecilie Fredriksen is a member of the class of beneficiaries of the trusts which indirectly control Geveran Trading Co. Ltd., our largest shareholders.

(5)         Geveran Trading Co. Ltd., which is indirectly controlled by trusts established by John Fredriksen for the benefit of his immediate family, including Cecilie Fredriksen, one of our directors, and its affiliates holds 117,351,603 shares representing 28.6% of the issued capital in Marine Harvest ASA and has an additional exposure to the share through total return swap, or TRS, agreements relating to 7,000,000 shares in Marine Harvest ASA. Refer to note 23 to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report for further information regarding TRS agreements. To the best of the company’s knowledge, voting and decision making power is held by trusts established by John Fredriksen for the benefit of his immediate family.

(6)         To the best of the company’s knowledge, voting and decision making authority over shares held by Folketrygdfondet is held by the board of directors and management, under the direction of the Norwegian Ministry of Finance.

(7)         According to publicly available information, State Street Global Advisors, Inc. is owned by State Street Corp., which is a publicly held company incorporated in Massachusetts.

 

B. Related Party Transactions.

 

Not applicable, but refer to note 26 to our audited annual consolidated financial statements for a description of transactions between us and companies in which we hold less than 50% ownership.

 

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C. Interests of Experts and Counsel.

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 8.    Financial Information

 

A. Consolidated Financial Statements and Other Financial Information

 

See “Item 18. Financial Statements” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report. See “Item 4. Key Information—B. Business overview” for a discussion of legal proceedings and sales by country.

 

B. Significant Changes

 

See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.”

 

ITEM 9.    The Offer and Listing

 

A. Offer and Listing Details.

 

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the reported high and low closing sale prices of our ordinary shares on the OSE in NOK.

 

 

 

Price per ordinary share

 

 

 

High

 

Low

 

Annual:

 

 

 

 

 

Year ended December 31, 2009

 

4.65

 

1.05

 

Year ended December 31, 2010

 

6.44

 

4.24

 

Year ended December 31, 2011

 

7.00

 

2.19

 

Year ended December 31, 2012

 

5.21

 

2.61

 

Year ended December 31, 2013

 

7.39

 

5.02

 

Quarterly:

 

 

 

 

 

Three months ended June 30, 2012

 

4.22

 

2.73

 

Three months ended September 30, 2012

 

4.89

 

3.89

 

Three months ended December 31, 2012

 

5.21

 

4.48

 

Three months ended March 31, 2013

 

6.04

 

5.02

 

Three months ended June 30, 2013

 

6.37

 

5.53

 

Three months ended September 30, 2013

 

6.51

 

5.64

 

Three months ended December 31, 2013

 

7.39

 

6.35

 

Three months ended March 31, 2014

 

7.81

 

6.31

 

Most Recent Six Months:

 

 

 

 

 

October 2013

 

7.19

 

6.35

 

November 2013

 

7.08

 

6.71

 

December 2013

 

7.38

 

7.07

 

January 2014

 

7.81

 

7.13

 

February 2014

 

7.35

 

6.57

 

March 2014

 

6.96

 

6.31

 

April 2014 (through April 25)

 

7.26

 

6.64

 

 

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the reported high and low closing sale prices of our ordinary shares on the NYSE in USD.

 

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Price per ordinary share

 

 

 

High

 

Low

 

Quarterly:

 

 

 

 

 

Three months ended March 31, 2014

 

12.44

 

10.51

 

Monthly Since January 28, 2014 Listing:

 

 

 

 

 

January 2014 (since January 28, 2014)

 

12.44

 

11.69

 

February 2014

 

11.90

 

10.92

 

March 2014

 

11.72

 

10.51

 

April 2014 (through April 25)

 

12.30

 

11.17

 

 

B. Plan of Distribution.

 

Not applicable.

 

C. Markets.

 

Our ordinary shares are trading on the OSE and our ADSs are trading on the NYSE, each under the symbol “MHG.”

 

D. Selling Shareholders.

 

Not applicable.

 

E. Dilution.

 

Not applicable.

 

F. Expenses of the Issue.

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 10.    Additional Information

 

A. Share Capital.

 

Not applicable.

 

B. Memorandum and Articles of Association.

 

The information required by Item 10.B of Form 20-F is incorporated by reference from the Registration Statement on Form 20-F (File No. 001-36275), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 24, 2014.

 

C. Material Contracts.

 

Not applicable.

 

D. Exchange Controls

 

There are currently no foreign exchange control restrictions in Norway that would potentially restrict the payment of dividends to a shareholder outside Norway, and there are currently no restrictions that would affect the right of shareholders of a company that has its shares registered with the VPS who are not residents in Norway to dispose of their shares and receive the proceeds from a disposal outside Norway. There is no maximum transferable amount either to or from Norway, although transferring banks are required to submit reports on foreign currency exchange transactions into and out of Norway into a central data register maintained by the Norwegian customs and excise authorities. The Norwegian police, tax authorities, customs and excise authorities, the National Insurance Administration and the Norwegian FSA have electronic access to the data in this register.

 

Foreign investors may trade shares listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange through any broker that is a member of the OSE, whether Norwegian or foreign.

 

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E. Taxation

 

The following summary of the Norwegian tax and United States federal income tax consequences of ownership of the ADSs or ordinary shares is based upon laws, regulations, decrees, rulings, income tax conventions (treaties), administrative practice and judicial decisions in effect at the date of this annual report. Legislative, judicial or administrative changes or interpretations may, however, be forthcoming that could alter or modify the statements and conclusions set forth herein. Any such changes or interpretations may be retroactive and could affect the tax consequences to holders of the ADSs or ordinary shares. This summary does not purport to be a legal opinion or to address all tax aspects that may be relevant to a holder of the ADSs or ordinary shares. Each ADS holder is urged to consult its own tax adviser as to the particular tax consequences to such holder of the ownership and disposition of the ADSs or ordinary shares, including the applicability and effect of any other tax laws or tax treaties, of pending or proposed changes in applicable tax laws as of the date of this annual report, and of any actual changes in applicable tax laws after such date.

 

Material Norwegian Tax Considerations

 

General

 

Please note that for the purpose of the summary below, a reference to a Norwegian or foreign shareholder or company refers to the tax residency rather than the nationality or the registration of the shareholder or company. Norwegian shareholders and companies which are tax residents in Norway are not allowed to own ADSs.

 

Taxation of Dividends

 

Norwegian corporate shareholders such as limited liability companies, mutual funds, savings banks, mutual insurance companies or similar entities (Corporate Shareholders) are exempt from tax on dividends in accordance with the Norwegian participation exemption. However, under the participation exemption, 3% of any such dividends will generally be taxable at a rate of 27%, i.e., the dividends received will be subject to an effective tax of 0.81%.

 

Dividends distributed to Norwegian shareholders that are individuals (Personal Shareholders) are taxable as general income at a rate of 27% to the extent the dividends exceed a statutory tax-free allowance. Norwegian Personal Shareholders may be entitled to deduct a calculated allowance when calculating their taxable dividend income. The allowance is calculated on a share-by-share basis, and the allowance for each share is equal to the cost price of the share, multiplied by a risk-free interest rate based on the effective rate after tax of interest on treasury bills (Statskasseveksler) with three months maturity.

 

Non-resident shareholders are, as a general matter, subject to a withholding tax at a rate of 25% on dividends distributed by Norwegian companies. This withholding tax does not apply to Corporate Shareholders resident for tax purposes in European Economic Area (EEA) countries. However, Corporate Shareholders resident in a low tax jurisdiction within the EEA will not benefit from the participation exemption, unless it has a “real establishment” in an EEA country and takes part in “genuine economic activity” there.

 

The withholding tax rate of 25% is often reduced through tax treaties between Norway and the country in which shareholder may be a resident. Generally, the treaty rate does not exceed 15% and in cases where a corporate shareholder holds a qualifying percentage of the shares of the distributing company, the withholding tax rate on dividends may be further reduced, even to zero percent under some tax treaties. The withholding tax rate in the tax treaty between the United States and Norway is currently 15% in all cases. However, the treaty is in the process of being renegotiated. The withholding tax does not apply to shareholders that carry on business activities in Norway and whose shares are effectively connected with such activities. In that case, the rules described in the paragraph above regarding shareholders resident in Norway for tax purposes apply. We are obligated by law to deduct any applicable withholding tax when paying dividends to non-resident shareholders.

 

In accordance with the administrative system in Norway, a Norwegian distributing company will normally deduct withholding tax at the regular rate or reduced rate according to an applicable tax treaty, based on the information registered with the VPS with regard to the tax-residency of the foreign shareholder. Dividends paid to foreign shareholders in respect of nominee-registered shares will be subject to withholding tax at the general rate of 25% unless the nominee, by agreeing to provide certain information regarding beneficial owners, has obtained

 

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approval for a reduced rate from the Central Office for Foreign Tax Affairs (Sentralskattekontoret for utenlandssaker), or COFTA.

 

Dividends paid to the depositary for redistribution to shareholders holding ADSs will at the outset be subject to a withholding tax of 25%. The beneficial owners will in this case have to apply to COFTA for refund of the excess amount of tax withheld. The same applies to other shareholders, who should either be exempt from withholding tax according to the EEA exemption or an applicable tax treaty, who have suffered a higher withholding tax than set out in such EEA exemption or tax treaty. As yet, there is no standardized application form to obtain a refund of Norwegian withholding tax. An application should contain the following:

 

·                  a specification of the distributing company or companies involved, the exact amount of shares, the date the dividend payments were made, the total dividend payment, the withholding tax drawn in Norway and what amount is being reclaimed. The withholding tax must be calculated in Norwegian currency and all sums specified accordingly (in NOK);

 

·                  documentation that shows that the refund claimant received the dividends and which withholding tax rate was used in Norway;

 

·                  a certificate of residence issued by the tax authorities stating that the refund claimant is resident for tax purposes in that state in the income year in question or at the time the dividends were decided. This documentation must be in original form;

 

·                  the information necessary to decide whether the refund claimant is an entity comprised by the tax exemption model;

 

·                  the information necessary to decide whether the refund claimant is the beneficial owner of the dividend payment(s); and

 

·                  if the securities are registered with a foreign custodian/bank/clearing central the claimant must submit information on which foreign custodian/bank/clearing central the securities are registered with in Norway.

 

The application must be signed by the applicant. If the application is signed by proxy, a copy of the letter of authorization must be enclosed.

 

However, pursuant to agreements with the FSA and the Norwegian Directorate of Taxes, Citibank, N.A., acting as depositary, is entitled to receive dividends from us for redistribution to a beneficial owner of ADSs at the applicable treaty withholding rate, provided the beneficial holder has furnished Citibank, N.A. with appropriate certification to establish such holder’s eligibility for the benefits under an applicable tax treaty with Norway.

 

Wealth Tax.    The shares are included when computing the wealth tax imposed on Personal Shareholders who for tax purposes are considered resident in Norway. Norwegian joint stock companies and certain similar entities are not subject to wealth tax. Currently, the marginal wealth tax rate is 1% of the value assessed. The value for assessment purposes for shares listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange is the full listed value of such shares as of January 1 in the year of assessment.

 

Non-resident shareholders are not subject to wealth tax in Norway for shares in Norwegian joint stock companies unless the shareholder is an individual and the shareholding is effectively connected with his business activities in Norway.

 

Inheritance Tax and Gift Tax.    As of 1 January 2014 the Norwegian Inheritance Tax was abolished. However, the heir acquires the donor’s tax input value on principles of continuity. However, in the case of gifts distributed to other persons than heirs according to law or testament, the recipient will be able to revalue the received shares to market value.

 

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Taxation upon Disposition of Shares

 

Corporate Shareholders resident in Norway for tax purposes are exempt from tax on gains realized upon the disposition of shares in Norwegian companies. Corporate Shareholders will not be allowed a deduction for losses upon sale, swap or redemption of shares in Norwegian companies.

 

Personal Shareholders resident in Norway for tax purposes realize a taxable gain or loss upon a sale, redemption or other disposition of shares. Such capital gain or loss is included in or deducted upon computation of general income in the year of disposal. General income is taxed at a flat rate of 27%. The gain is subject to tax and the loss is deductible irrespective of the length of the ownership and the number of shares disposed of.

 

The taxable gain or loss is computed as the sales price adjusted for transactional expenses less the taxable basis. A shareholder’s tax basis is normally equal to the acquisition cost of the shares. Any unused statutory-free allowance from earlier years attributable to the individual shares realized may be deducted.

 

Non-resident shareholders are generally not subject to tax in Norway on capital gains, and losses are not deductible upon sale, redemption or other disposition of shares or ADSs in Norwegian companies, unless the shareholder is carrying on business activities in Norway and such shares or ADSs are effectively connected with such activities.

 

Please note that special exit tax rules apply for shareholders that cease to be tax resident in Norway or that for some reason are no longer considered taxable to Norway in relation to their shareholding. Such shareholders are encouraged to consult their own tax advisors.

 

Transfer Tax.    There is no transfer tax imposed in Norway in connection with the sale or purchase of shares.

 

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences

 

The following discussion sets forth material U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders (as defined below) of the ownership and disposition of our ADSs or ordinary shares. The discussion is not a complete analysis or listing of all of the possible tax consequences and does not address all tax considerations that may be relevant to investors in light of their particular circumstances. Special rules that are not discussed in the general descriptions below may also apply. In particular, the description of U.S. federal income tax consequences deals only with U.S. Holders that own our ADSs or ordinary shares as capital assets. In addition, the description of U.S. federal income tax consequences does not address the tax treatment of special classes of U.S. Holders, such as banks and other financial institutions, insurance companies, persons holding our ADSs or shares as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,” “appreciated financial position,” “conversion transaction” or other risk reduction strategy, U.S. expatriates, persons liable for alternative minimum tax, brokers or dealers in securities or currencies, holders whose “functional currency” is not the USD, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, partnerships (or any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) and other pass-through entities, traders in securities who have elected the mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities, individual retirement accounts or other tax-deferred accounts, holders who acquired shares pursuant to the exercise of an employee stock option or right or otherwise as compensation, tax-exempt entities, and investors who own directly, indirectly through certain non-U.S. entities, or constructively 10% or more of the voting power or value of our aggregate shares outstanding. The following discussion does not address any tax consequences arising under the laws of any U.S. state or local or foreign jurisdiction, or under any U.S. federal laws other than those pertaining to income tax.

 

The discussion is based on the laws of the United States, including the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, its legislative history, Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial decisions, and published rulings and administrative pronouncements of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, all as in effect at the date of this annual report, and any of which may change, possibly with retroactive effect. Further, the IRS may disagree with or may challenge any of the conclusions reached and described herein. The discussion is also based, in part, on representations by the depositary and assumes that each obligation under the deposit agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms.

 

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In General

 

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of our ADSs or ordinary shares that is:

 

·                  a citizen or individual resident of the United States;

 

·                  a corporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, that is created in or organized under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

 

·                  an estate whose income is subject to United States federal income tax regardless of its source; or

 

·                  a trust if either (1) a United States court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) the trust has a valid election in effect to be treated as a U.S. person under applicable Treasury regulations.

 

If an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our ADSs or ordinary shares, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of such partnership and each partner will generally depend on the status and the activities of the partnership and the partner. Partnerships that hold our ADSs or ordinary shares, and partners in such partnerships, should consult their tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal, state and local and non-U.S. tax consequences applicable to them of the ownership and disposition of our ADSs or ordinary shares.

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, U.S. Holders of ADSs generally will be treated as the owners of the ordinary shares represented by the ADSs. Accordingly, except as otherwise noted, the U.S. federal income tax consequences discussed below apply equally to U.S. Holders of ADSs or the underlying ordinary shares.

 

Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the particular tax consequences to them of the ownership and disposition of our ADSs or ordinary shares under the laws of the United States (federal, state and local) or any other relevant taxation jurisdiction.

 

Taxation of Distributions

 

Subject to the discussion under “—Passive Foreign Investment Companies” below, the gross amount of a distribution made by us with respect to the ordinary shares underlying our ADSs, including the full amount of any Norwegian withholding tax thereon, will be a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes includible in the gross income of a U.S. Holder to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes). Such dividends will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations. Because we do not intend to maintain calculations of our earnings and profits on the basis of United States federal income tax principles, U.S. Holders should expect that any distribution paid will generally be reported to them as a “dividend” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Dividends received by individuals and other non-corporate U.S. Holders of our ADSs that are traded on the NYSE will be eligible for beneficial rates of taxation provided we are not a Passive Foreign Investment Company, or PFIC, during the year in which the dividend is paid or the prior taxable year and certain other requirements, including stock holding period requirements, are satisfied by the recipient. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the relevant rules to their particular circumstances.

 

Dividends will be included in a U.S. Holder’s income on the date of the U.S. Holder’s (or in the case of ADSs, the depository’s) receipt of the dividend. The amount of any dividend income paid in a foreign currency will be the USD amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date of receipt, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into USD. If the dividend is converted into USD on the date of receipt, U.S. holders should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of dividend income. A U.S. Holder may have foreign currency gain or loss if the dividend is converted into USD after the date of receipt.

 

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Sale or Other Disposition of ADSs or Ordinary Shares

 

Subject to the discussion under “—Passive Foreign Investment Companies” below, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon a sale or other disposition of its ADSs in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized from such sale or disposition and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such ADSs, in each case, as determined in USD. Such capital gain or loss will be long-term capital gain (taxable at a reduced rate for non-corporate U.S. Holders, such as individuals) or loss if, on the date of sale or disposition, such ADSs were held by such U.S. Holder for more than one year. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to significant limitations.

 

The surrender of ADSs in exchange for ordinary shares (or vice versa) will not result in the realization of gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and U.S. Holders will not recognize any gain or loss upon such a surrender. A U.S. Holder’s tax basis in withdrawn shares will be the same as such holder’s tax basis in the ADSs surrendered, and the holding period of the shares will include the holder’s holding period for the ADSs.

 

Passive Foreign Investment Companies

 

Certain adverse tax consequences could apply to a U.S. Holder if we are treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds ADSs or ordinary shares. A non-U.S. corporation will be classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year in which, after applying certain look-through rules, either (i) 75% or more of its gross income for such year consists of certain types of “passive” income or (ii) 50% or more of the value of its assets (determined on the basis of a quarterly average) during such year produce or are held for the production of passive income.

 

Based on our financial reports, we believe that we were not a PFIC for our taxable year ended December 31, 2013. In addition, we do not expect to be a PFIC for our current taxable year ending December 31, 2014 or for any future taxable year. Because the determination of whether we are a PFIC is a factual determination made annually and because there are uncertainties in the application of the relevant rules, there can be no assurance that we will not be considered a PFIC for any prior taxable year, the current taxable year or any future taxable year. If we were a PFIC, a U.S. Holder of ADSs or ordinary shares generally may be subject to imputed interest charges and other disadvantageous tax treatment with respect to any gain from the sale or exchange of ADSs or ordinary shares and certain distributions with respect to ADSs or ordinary shares.

 

If we were a PFIC, certain elections (including a mark-to-market election) may be available to U.S. Holders with respect to ADSs or ordinary shares that may mitigate some of the adverse tax consequences resulting from PFIC treatment. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the application of the PFIC rules to an investment in ADSs or ordinary shares.

 

U.S. Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

 

A U.S. Holder may be subject to information reporting unless it establishes that payments to it are exempt from these rules. For example, certain payments to corporations generally are exempt from information reporting and backup withholding. Payments that are subject to information reporting may be subject to backup withholding if a U.S. Holder does not provide its taxpayer identification number and otherwise comply with the backup withholding rules. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules are available to be credited against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may be refunded to the extent they exceed such liability, provided the required information is timely provided to the IRS.

 

An individual U.S. Holder and certain entities may be required to submit to the IRS certain information with respect to his or her beneficial ownership of the ADSs, if such ADSs are not held on his or her behalf by a financial institution. This law also imposes penalties if an individual U.S. Holder is required to submit such information to the IRS and fails to do so.

 

U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisers regarding application of the information reporting and backup withholding rules.

 

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F. Dividends and Paying Agents.

 

Not applicable.

 

G. Statements by Experts.

 

Not applicable.

 

H. Documents on Display.

 

We are subject to the information reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, applicable to foreign private issuers and under those requirements will file reports with the SEC. Those other reports or other information and this annual report may be inspected without charge at Sandviksboder 77 A/B, 5035 Bergen, Norway or Tordenskiolds gate 8-10, 0160 Oslo, Norway, and inspected and copied at the public reference facilities of the SEC located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may also obtain copies of the documents at prescribed rates by writing to the Public Reference Section of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room. The SEC also maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov from which certain filings may be accessed.

 

As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act related to the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required under the Exchange Act to file annual, quarterly and current reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as United States companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. However, we file with the SEC, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, or such applicable time as required by the SEC, an annual report on Form 20-F containing financial statements audited by an independent registered public accounting firm, and submit to the SEC, on a Form 6-K, unaudited quarterly financial information.

 

In addition, because our ordinary shares are traded on the OSE, we have filed periodic and immediate reports with, and furnish information to, the OSE. Copies of our filings with the OSE can be retrieved electronically through www.newsweb.no.

 

We maintain a corporate website at www.marineharvest.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of this annual report on Form 20-F. We have included our website address in this annual report on Form 20-F solely as an inactive textual reference.

 

I. Subsidiary Information.

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 11.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 

The main risks that could adversely affect our financial assets, liabilities or future cash flows are reference price of salmon risk, fish feed price risk, foreign exchange risk, liquidity and capital management risks, interest rate risk and credit risk. Our management reviews and supports policies for managing each of the risks summarized below.

 

Reference Price of Salmon

 

Our financial position and development depend significantly on developments of the reference prices for salmon; these prices are driven by the global and regional supply and demand for salmon and have historically been volatile. As such, we are exposed to movements in supply and demand for salmon. To some extent we mitigate our exposure to reference prices by entering into bilateral fixed price/volume contracts with our customers and using hedging instruments. The hedging rate (which includes our contract coverage ratio) has historically varied between 15% and 40% of our sold volume and the duration of the contracts have typically been three to twelve months. To a limited extent, such contracts have been entered into with duration of more than twelve months. Furthermore, we are reducing our exposure to reference price movements through our value added processing activities and tailoring of products for our customers’ needs.

 

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The reference prices for salmon also influence the fair value of our biological assets, which were valued at NOK 9,536.6 million and NOK 6,207.9 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. If the reference price of salmon increased by NOK 2 per kilogram in all markets, the effect on the fair value as of December 31, 2013 would be NOK 344.2 million.

 

Price of Fish Feed

 

We currently purchase all of our fish feed, which contains certain commodities, primarily fishmeal, canola oil, soy bean protein and wheat, from third parties. We use fish feed to feed our salmon and halibut. We purchase fish feed on a cost-plus basis, exposing us to fluctuations in prices for the commodities included in the feed. As a result, our earnings are affected by changes in the price and availability of such feed ingredients. These ingredients are subject to unpredictable price changes caused by factors described below, including weather, size of harvest, transportation and storage costs and the agricultural policies of governments throughout the world. The price fluctuations of feed ingredients have a direct and material effect on our profitability.

 

We purchase all our fish feed through volume contracts made with the three significant salmon feed manufacturers operating in our farming locations.

 

Factors affecting the feed manufacturers’ decisions on the purchasing of raw materials include:

 

·            Current market prices;

 

·            Current and predicted weather patterns in the United States, South America, China and other grain producing areas.  Weather patterns might affect the planting, growing, harvesting and yield of feed grains;

 

·            The expected size of the harvest feed grains in the United States and other grain producing areas of the world as reported by governmental and private sources;

 

·            Current and expected changes to agricultural policies of the United States and foreign governments;

 

·            The current and expected volumes of feed grain commodities as reported by governmental and private sources; and

 

·            Fishing quotas in the Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean

 

We do not enter into any derivative transactions or purchase any fish feed-related contracts other than the physical fish feed contracts described above.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2013, we purchased approximately 505,000 tons of fish feed. Within that, 12% of the cost of the fish feed was determined by the price of fishmeal, 13% by the price of canola oil, 12% by the price of soy beans and 11% by the price of wheat. Thus, a  NOK 1,000 per ton change in the average market price of fishmeal would have affected our cash outlays for fish feed by approximately NOK 55 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. Likewise, a NOK 1,000 per ton change in the average market price of canola oil would have affected our cash outlays for fish feed by approximately NOK 85 million, for the year ended December 31, 2013. For soy beans a NOK 1,000 per ton change in the average market price would have affected our cash outlays for fish feed by approximately NOK 86 million and for wheat a NOK 1,000 per ton change in the average market price would have affected our cash outlays for fish feed by approximately NOK 70 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.

 

Because it takes two to three years to bring a salmon to its harvest size, fish feed prices and prices for other costs associated with the farming of fish accumulate over multiple periods (i.e., the entire life of fish) and affect our cost of materials recognized in the period when our fish is harvested and sold. Thus, there is a time lag between the time cash is paid for fish feed and the time the cost of such feed ingredients is reported in cost of materials.

 

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During the year ended December 31, 2013, our average fish feed cost of salmon harvested totaled NOK 14.52 per kilogram. The average fish feed cost per kilogram is influenced not only by the price of fish feed ingredients but also by the efficiency by which salmon convert feed into body weight. Factors such as weather, husbandry, quality of fish feed ingredients, seawater temperature and the health of the salmon, among others, affect the quantity of fish feed necessary to mature salmon to the target live weight and the efficiency of that process.

 

Foreign Exchange

 

Foreign exchange risk is the risk that fluctuations in exchange rates will adversely affect items in our statement of comprehensive income, statement of financial position and/or cash flows. Foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities give rise to foreign exchange exposure.

 

Several of our business units carry out a large number of business transactions in currencies different from the domestic currency. The relative importance of these transactions is substantially larger on the revenue side than on the cost side.

 

To mitigate the potential fluctuation effects on cash flows, we maintain a foreign exchange strategy designated to manage these exposures both in the short and long term. For each of our legal units, we have defined a hedging strategy. For some units, the cash inflow is generated in a currency different from the functional currency.

 

Marine Harvest Norway

EUR

Marine Harvest Chile

USD

Marine Harvest Scotland

GBP

Marine Harvest Canada

USD

Marine Harvest VAP

EUR

Marine Harvest Faroe Islands

DKK

Marine Harvest Cold Water Species

NOK

Marine Harvest Asia

USD

Morpol

EUR

 

The exposure horizon depends on the duration of the commitment, but will normally be of relatively short duration. Hedging transactions designated to manage transaction exposures are referred to as transaction hedges.

 

Through hedging of transaction exposures, each business unit aims to ensure that its net cash flows in currencies other than its main hedging currency are hedged towards this currency. Cash flow exposures arise from structural imbalances between the main currency on the revenue side versus the expense side. This imbalance is predominantly a result of production taking place in a country different from where the product is sold. Due to their structural nature, the exposure horizon for cash flow exposures is longer than for transaction exposures and is therefore quantified on the basis of estimates for future revenues and expenses. In this estimation, focus is kept on the underlying currency structure of the individual revenue and cost item and the actual currency in which transactions are invoiced is of lesser importance. Hedging transaction designated to manage cash flow exposures are defined as cash flow hedges.

 

We normally have a net positive cash flow exposure towards EUR, GBP, USD and JPY and a net negative cash flow exposure towards NOK, CAD and CLP. To hedge our cash flows against exchange rate fluctuations, we have a policy for long-term hedging of the most predominant net exposures. We currently hedge up to 30% of our underlying exposure between EUR and NOK with a horizon of one year.

 

Where the hedge program comprises more than one year, the percentage of the exposure to be hedged is reduced over time.

 

At the end of December 2013, we held a portfolio of hedging instruments designated to mitigate transaction and cash flow exposure with a total contract value of NOK 2.8 billion. Instruments equivalent to 99% of the contract value mature in 2014 and no instruments matures beyond July 2015. The portfolio had a net positive market value of NOK 35.9 million at December 31, 2013.

 

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On the basis of financial positions and currency hedges in existence as of December 31, 2013, the effect of a 10% change in exchange rate of the following relevant currency pairs has been estimated:

 

 

 

Currency Pair:

 

 

 

EUR/NOK

 

USD/NOK

 

JPY/NOK

 

USD/CAD

 

GBP/NOK

 

 

 

(NOK in million)

 

Effect in NOK from a 10% Increase in the Value of:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Financial items

 

288.8

 

-120.2

 

-13.3

 

-17.2

 

-43.1

 

Other comprehensive income

 

167.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

456.4

 

-120.2

 

-13.3

 

-17.2

 

-43.1

 

 

Liquidity Risk and Capital Management

 

We are continuously monitoring liquidity and estimate expected liquidity development on the basis of budgets and monthly updated forecasts from our units. Our financial position and development depend significantly on the reference price developments for salmon. Other key liquidity risks are fluctuations in production and harvest volumes, biological issues and changes in the fish feed price, which is the most important individual factor on the cost side.

 

Interest Rate

 

Interest rate risk arises from the possibility that changes in interest rates will affect future cash flows or the fair values of financial instruments. We are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates as most of our interest-bearing debt is associated with floating interest rates.

 

We have a policy to hedge 100% of our non-current interest-bearing debt in our main financing currencies (EUR, USD and GBP) for a period of four years and 50% of the non-current interest-bearing debt over the following five years. The hedging policy is assessed and the portfolio of instruments amended annually in March.  At the end of December 2013, we had a portfolio of interest swaps with a net market value of NOK 311.1 million after an increase in market value in 2013 of NOK 137.6 million, recognized through other comprehensive income, where the interest rate swaps qualifies for hedge accounting or through profit and loss.

 

A 0.50% point parallel increase in all relevant yield curves will cause a NOK 214 million increase in the market value of our non-current interest-bearing debt. A decrease of 0.50% will take some yields below zero and the calculation will only be of theoretical in nature.

 

Risk associated with fluctuations in convertible bonds liability

 

We issued a EUR 350 million convertible bond in May 2013, with a coupon interest of 2.375%. The bond matures in 2018 at the nominal value of EUR 350 million or can be converted into shares at the holder’s option. We also issued a EUR 375 million convertible bond in April 2014, with a coupon interest of 0.875%. The bond matures in 2019 at a nominal value of EUR 375 or can be converted into shares at the holder’s option. The value of the debt liability component and conversion liability component were determined at issuances of the bonds. The fair value of the debt liability component was calculated using a market interest rate for an equivalent, non-convertible bond. The residual amount were the fair values of the conversion liability component at initial recognition.

 

Subsequent to initial recognition the conversion liability components are measured at fair value in accordance with IFRS 13. The measurement is categorized into Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, as some of the input is unobservable. The valuations are performed using Black-Scholes valuation model for option valuation, with quoted prices for share value, exchange rate and risk free interest rate, and unobservable input for volatility. The following tables shows the sensitivity analysis for certain liability components:

 

Sensitivity analyses conversion liability components:

 

 

 

(NOK in million)

 

A 10% increase in share price

 

157.5

 

A 10% increase in exchange rate EUR/NOK

 

-85.7

 

A 0.50 point increase in risk free interest rate

 

20.5

 

 

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The carrying amounts of the debt liability component of the convertible bonds are classified as non-current interest-bearing debt, and the conversion liability components are classified as other non-current interest-free liabilities in the statement of financial position. All profit and loss elements related to the convertible bonds, are included in the specification of financial items in note 12 to our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report.

 

Credit Risk

 

We trade only with recognized, creditworthy third parties. It is our policy that all customers who wish to trade on credit terms are subject to credit verification procedures. In addition, receivable balances are monitored on an on-going basis and as a main rule our trade receivables are fully credit insured. We are monitoring exposure towards individual customers closely and are not substantially exposed in relation to any individual customer or contractual partner as of December 31, 2013.

 

ITEM 12.    Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities

 

A. Debt Securities.

 

Not applicable.

 

B. Warrants and Rights.

 

Not applicable.

 

C. Other Securities.

 

Not applicable.

 

D. American Depositary Shares.

 

Citibank, N.A., or Citibank, has agreed to act as the depositary bank for the American Depositary Shares. Citibank’s depositary offices are located at 388 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10013. American Depositary Shares are frequently referred to as “ADSs” and represent ownership interests in securities that are on deposit with the depositary bank. ADSs may be represented by certificates that are commonly known as “American Depositary Receipts” or “ADRs.” The depositary bank typically appoints a custodian to safekeep the securities on deposit. In this case, the custodian is DNB NOR BANK ASA Custody and Investor Services, located at Stranden 21, or P.O. Box 1171, No-0021 Oslo, Norway.

 

We have appointed Citibank as depositary bank pursuant to a deposit agreement. A copy of the deposit agreement is on file with the SEC under cover of a Registration Statement on Form F-6. You may obtain a copy of the deposit agreement from the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 and from the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov).

 

Fees and Charges

 

As an ADS holder, you will be required to pay the following fees under the terms of the deposit agreement:

 

Service

 

Fees

·                  Issuance of ADSs upon deposit of Shares (excluding issuances as a result of distributions of shares)

 

Up to U.S. 5¢ per ADS issued(1)

·                  Cancellation of ADSs

 

Up to U.S. 5¢ per ADS canceled(2)

·                  Distribution of ADSs pursuant to (i) stock dividends or other free stock distributions, or (ii) exercise of rights to purchase additional ADSs

 

Up to U.S. 5¢ per ADS held(2)

·                  Distribution of securities other than ADSs or rights to purchase additional ADSs (i.e., spin-off shares)

 

Up to U.S. 5¢ per ADS held(2)

·                  Distribution of cash dividends or other cash distribution (i.e., sale of rights and other entitlements)

 

Up to U.S. 5¢ per ADS held(3)

 

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(1)         For a period of three years from January 27, 2014, we have agreed with Citibank, N.A. to cap the foregoing fee at 1¢ per ADS issued.

(2)         For a period of three years from January 27, 2014, we have agreed with Citibank, N.A. to cap the foregoing fee at 3¢ per ADS.

(3)         For a period of three years from January 27, 2014, we have agreed with Citibank, N.A. for Citibank, N.A. to not charge this fee.

 

As an ADS holder you will also be responsible to pay certain charges such as:

 

·                  taxes (including applicable interest and penalties) and other governmental charges applicable to you;

 

·                  the registration fees as may from time to time be in effect for the registration of Shares on the VPS and applicable to transfers of Shares to or from the name of the custodian, the depositary bank or any nominees upon the making of deposits and withdrawals, respectively;

 

·                  certain cable, telex and facsimile transmission and delivery expenses;

 

·                  the expenses and charges incurred by the depositary bank in the conversion of foreign currency;

 

·                  the expenses incurred by the depositary bank in connection with compliance with exchange control regulations and other regulatory requirements applicable to Shares, ADSs and ADRs; and

 

·                  the expenses incurred by the depositary bank, the custodian, or any nominee in connection with the servicing or delivery of deposited property.

 

ADS fees and charges payable upon (i) deposit of Shares against issuance of ADSs and (ii) surrender of ADSs for cancellation and withdrawal of Shares are charged to the person to whom the ADSs are delivered (in the case of ADS issuances) and to the person who delivers the ADSs for cancellation (in the case of ADS cancellations). In the case of ADSs issued by the depositary bank into DTC or presented to the depositary bank via DTC, the ADS issuance and cancellation fees and charges are charged to the DTC participant(s) receiving the ADSs or the DTC participant(s) surrendering the ADSs for cancellation, as the case may be, on behalf of the beneficial owner(s) and will be charged by the DTC participant(s) to the account(s) of the applicable beneficial owner(s) in accordance with the procedures and practices of the DTC participant(s) as in effect at the time. ADS fees and charges in respect of distributions are charged to the holders as of the applicable ADS record date. In the case of distributions of cash, the amount of the applicable ADS fees and charges is deducted from the funds being distributed. In the case of distributions other than cash, holders as of the ADS record date will be invoiced for the amount of the ADS fees and charges. For ADSs held through DTC, the ADS fees and charges for distributions other than cash are charged to the DTC participants in accordance with the procedures and practices prescribed by DTC and the DTC participants in turn charge the amount of such ADS fees and charges to the beneficial owners for whom they hold ADSs.

 

In the event of refusal to pay the depositary bank fees, the depositary bank may, under the terms of the deposit agreement, refuse the requested service until payment is received or may set off the amount of the depositary bank fees from any distribution to be made to the ADS holder. Note that the fees and charges you may be required to pay may vary over time and may be changed by us and by the depositary bank, acting jointly. You will receive prior notice of such changes.

 

Citibank did not make any reimbursement payments to the Company in the year ended December 31, 2013.

 

PART II

 

ITEM 13.    Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 14.    Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

 

Not applicable.

 

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ITEM 15.    Controls and Procedures

 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report, as required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act. Based upon this evaluation, our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this annual report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in by the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

This annual report does not include a report of management’s assessment regarding internal control over financial reporting or an attestation report of the company’s registered public accounting firm due to the transition period established by rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission for a registrant’s first annual report required to be filed under the Exchange Act.

 

ITEM 16.    [RESERVED]

 

ITEM 16A.    Audit Committee Financial Expert

 

Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Leif Frode Onarheim is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in Item 16A of Form 20-F under the Exchange Act. Our board of directors has also determined that Mr. Onarheim satisfies the NYSE listed company “independence” requirements.

 

ITEM 16B.    Code of Ethics

 

We have adopted a Code of Conduct that applies to all our employees, officers and directors, including our chief executive officer, our chief financial officer and our principal accounting officer. Our Code of Conduct is available on our website at www.marineharvest.com.

 

ITEM 16C.    Principal Accountant Fees and Services

 

The following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with certain professional services rendered by EY, our principal external auditors, for the periods indicated.

 

 

 

The year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

 

 

(in NOK millions)

 

Audit Fees

 

10.1

 

7.6

 

Audit Related Fees

 

 

0.1

 

Tax Fees

 

0.1

 

0.3

 

All Other Fees

 

10.4

 

0.7

 

Total

 

20.7

 

9.0

 

 

130



Table of Contents

 

Audit Fees

 

Audit fees in 2012 and 2013 were related to the audit of our consolidated financial statements and other audit or interim review services provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.

 

Audit-Related Fees

 

Audit-related fees in 2012 were related to different audit confirmations.

 

Tax Fees

 

Tax fees in 2012 and 2013 were related to tax compliance and tax planning services.

 

All Other Fees

 

Other fees in 2013 mainly relate to services in connection with the listing on the New York Stock Exchange. In addition,  other approved services not related to the financial statements were delivered in 2012 and 2013.

 

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

 

All audit and non-audit services provided by our independent auditors are pre-approved by our audit committee.

 

ITEM 16D.    Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

 

Not applicable.

 

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ITEM 16E.    Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

 

Period

 

(a) Total
Number of Shares
(or ADSs)
Purchased

 

(b)
Average Price Paid
per Share (Or
ADS)

(
in NOK)

 

(c) Total
Number of Shares
(or ADSs)
Purchased as Part
of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs

 

(d)
Maximum Number
(or Approximate
Dollar Value) of
Shares (or ADSs)
that May Yet be
Purchased Under
the Plans or
Programs

 

August 2013

 

3,669,797

 

5.9743

 

3,669,797

 

 

November 2013

 

759,665

 

6.7635

 

759,665

 

 

 

ITEM 16F.    Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

 

Not applicable.

 

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ITEM 16G.    Corporate Governance

 

As a foreign private issuer with ADSs listed on the NYSE, we are subject to corporate governance requirements imposed by NYSE.  However, as a foreign private issuer, we are exempted from most of the NYSE corporate governance standards that domestic US companies must comply with and we are required to disclose any significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those applicable to domestic US companies under the NYSE rules. A statement of differences is set out below:

 

Corporate governance guidelines

 

The NYSE rules require domestic US companies to adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines. Our corporate governance principles are developed by the management and the board of directors.

 

Director independence

 

The NYSE rules require domestic US companies to have a majority of “independent directors”. The NYSE definition of an “independent director” sets out five specific tests of independence and also requires an affirmative determination by the board of directors that the director has no material relationship with the company.

 

Pursuant to Norwegian company law, our board of directors consists of members elected by shareholders and employees. Our board of directors has determined that, in its judgment, all of the shareholder-elected directors are independent. In making its determinations of independence, the board focuses on there not being any conflicts of interest between shareholders, the board of directors and the company’s management, but it does not explicitly take into consideration the NYSE’s five specific tests. The directors elected from among our employees would not be considered independent under the NYSE rules because they are our employees. None of the employee-elected directors is an executive officer of the company.

 

Board committees

 

Pursuant to Norwegian company law, managing the company is the responsibility of the board of directors. We have an audit committee of the board of directors. It is responsible for preparing certain matters for the board of directors. It reports on a regular basis to, and are subject to, continuous oversight by the board of directors.

 

We comply with the NYSE rule regarding the obligation to have an audit committee that meets the requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 

Among other things, the audit committee evaluates the qualifications and independence of the company’s external auditor. However, in accordance with Norwegian law, the auditor is elected by the annual general meeting of the company’s shareholders. By contrast, under Rule 10A-3 of the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the audit committee is required to appoint the auditor.

 

Our board of directors does not have a nominating/corporate governance board sub-committee. Instead, the roles prescribed for a nominating/corporate governance committee under the NYSE rules are principally carried out by the board of directors and the nomination committee.

 

Shareholder approval of equity compensation plans

 

The NYSE rules require that, with limited exemptions, all equity compensation plans must be subject to a shareholder vote. Although the issuance of shares and authority to buy back company shares must be approved by our annual general meeting of shareholders under Norwegian company law, the approval of equity compensation plans is normally reserved for the board of directors.

 

ITEM 16H.    Mine Safety Disclosure

 

Not applicable.

 

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PART III

 

ITEM 17.    Financial Statements

 

We have responded to Item 18 in lieu of responding to this item.

 

ITEM 18.    Financial Statements

 

Please refer to the financial statements beginning on page F-1.

 

134



Table of Contents

 

ITEM 19.    Exhibits

 

Index to Exhibits

 

Exhibit Number

 

Description of Document

1.1

 

Articles of Association of Marine Harvest ASA

2.1

 

Form of Registrant’s American Depositary Receipt (Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form F-6 (File No. 333-193499), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 23, 2014)

2.2

 

Form of Deposit Agreement among the Registrant, the Depositary and Owners and Beneficial Owners of the American Depositary Shares issued thereunder (Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form F-6 (File No. 333-193499), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 23, 2014)

2.3*

 

Amendment and Restatement Agreement Relating to a Facility Agreement, dated July 26, 2012, by and among Marine Harvest ASA, DNB Bank ASA, Nordea Bank Norge ASA, Cooperatieve Centrale Raiffeisen-Boerenleenbank B.A. and ABN AMRO Bank N.V., DNB Bank ASA, as Agent and Security Agent (Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form 20-F, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 24, 2014)

8.1

 

Subsidiaries of the Registrant

12.1

 

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer

12.2

 

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer

13.1

 

Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

15.1

 

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 


* Portions of Exhibit 2.3 have been omitted pursuant to a grant of confidential treatment pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 

SIGNATURES

 

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

 

 

MARINE HARVEST ASA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ IVAN VINDHEIM

 

 

Name: Ivan Vindheim

 

 

Title: Chief Financial Officer

 

Date: April 30, 2014

 

135




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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Marine Harvest ASA

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position of Marine Harvest ASA as of December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Marine Harvest ASA at December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

 

/s/ Ernst & Young AS

 

 

Oslo, Norway
April 30, 2014

 

F-2



Table of Contents

 

STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

MARINE HARVEST GROUP

(NOK MILLION)

 

 

 

NOTE

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Revenue

 

 

 

19 177.3

 

15 420.4

 

15 757.4

 

Other income

 

 

 

22.1

 

43.2

 

375.4

 

Revenue and other income

 

4

 

19 199.4

 

15 463.5

 

16 132.8

 

Cost of materials

 

2

 

-9 998.5

 

-9 666.5

 

-8 398.6

 

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

6

 

-4 323.7

 

-1 597.5

 

-3 260.1

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

6

 

6 118.3

 

1 993.5

 

949.3

 

Salary and personnel expenses

 

14

 

-2 674.3

 

-2 418.6

 

-2 177.8

 

Other operating expenses

 

28

 

-2 581.9

 

-2 163.6

 

-2 063.2

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

9/10

 

- 762.5

 

- 677.2

 

- 666.7

 

Provision for onerous contracts

 

4

 

- 124.7

 

- 6.1

 

- 5.8

 

Restructuring costs

 

30

 

- 272.8

 

- 0.8

 

- 21.8

 

Other non-operational items

 

27

 

- 74.4

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

Income/loss from associated companies

 

21

 

221.8

 

83.6

 

- 15.0

 

Impairment losses

 

8/10

 

- 65.0

 

- 0.5

 

- 67.0

 

Earnings before financial items (EBIT)

 

 

 

4 661.8

 

1 009.8

 

406.0

 

Interest expenses

 

12

 

- 640.2

 

- 382.8

 

- 405.8

 

Net currency effects

 

12

 

- 311.7

 

523.3

 

236.4

 

Other financial items

 

12

 

- 252.4

 

- 320.0

 

342.9

 

Earnings before taxes

 

 

 

3 457.4

 

830.3

 

579.4

 

Income taxes

 

15

 

-1 026.8

 

- 388.9

 

- 46.7

 

Net earnings from continuing operations

 

 

 

2 430.6

 

441.4

 

532.8

 

Profit after tax from discontinued operations/assets held for sale

 

5

 

91.9

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

Profit or loss for the year

 

 

 

2 522.5

 

441.4

 

532.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Change in fair value of cash flow hedges

 

12

 

-44.3

 

- 113.5

 

- 141.1

 

Income tax effect fair value of cash flow hedges

 

15

 

13.7

 

31.1

 

38.5

 

Currency translation differences

 

 

 

630.4

 

- 325.8

 

83.0

 

Currency translation differences non-controlling interests

 

 

 

4.9

 

- 4.0

 

- 0.3

 

Total items to be reclassified to profit and loss in subsequent periods

 

 

 

604.7

 

-412.2

 

-19.9

 

Actuarial gains (losses) on defined benefit plans

 

 

 

-27.0

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

Income tax effect actuarial gains (losses)

 

 

 

5.1

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

Currency translation actuarial gains (losses)

 

 

 

-1.6

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

Other gains and losses in comprehensive income

 

 

 

0.0

 

3.5

 

- 8.0

 

Total items not to be reclassified to profit and loss

 

 

 

-23.5

 

3.5

 

-8.0

 

Total other comprehensive income

 

 

 

581.2

 

- 408.6

 

- 28.0

 

Comprehensive income for the year

 

 

 

3 103.7

 

32.7

 

504.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Profit or loss for the year attributable to

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-controlling interests

 

 

 

7.4

 

4.0

 

5.5

 

Owners of Marine Harvest ASA

 

 

 

2 515.1

 

437.4

 

527.2

 

Comprehensive income for the year attributable to

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-controlling interests

 

 

 

12.3

 

0.0

 

5.2

 

Owners of Marine Harvest ASA

 

 

 

3 091.4

 

32.7

 

499.5

 

Earnings per share — basic and diluted (NOK)

 

25

 

0.67

 

0.12

 

0.15

 

 

F-3



Table of Contents

 

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

 

MARINE HARVEST GROUP

(NOK MILLION)

 

 

 

NOTE

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

ASSETS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-current assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Licenses

 

9

 

6 036.1

 

5 435.4

 

5 577.5

 

Goodwill

 

9

 

2 374.9

 

2 115.5

 

2 146.1

 

Deferred tax assets

 

15

 

178.8

 

73.9

 

160.1

 

Other intangible assets

 

9

 

188.4

 

114.2

 

123.1

 

Total intangible assets

 

 

 

8 778.3

 

7 738.9

 

8 006.8

 

Property, plant and equipment

 

10

 

6 677.2

 

4 111.9

 

4 167.5

 

Investments in associated companies

 

21

 

900.4

 

647.3

 

629.0

 

Other shares

 

22

 

132.1

 

1 008.6

 

92.1

 

Other non-current assets

 

 

 

8.8

 

73.2

 

25.8

 

Total non-current assets

 

 

 

16 496.9

 

13 579.9

 

12 921.2

 

Current assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Inventory

 

7

 

1 751.1

 

819.7

 

783.0

 

Biological assets

 

6

 

9 536.6

 

6 207.9

 

6 239.3

 

Trade receivables

 

17

 

3 191.4

 

1 782.0

 

1 914.9

 

Other receivables

 

17

 

1 086.5

 

592.7

 

609.8

 

Restricted cash

 

16

 

167.1

 

89.3

 

66.0

 

Cash in bank

 

16

 

439.1

 

246.0

 

213.1

 

Total current assets

 

 

 

16 171.8

 

9 737.5

 

9 826.1

 

Assets held for sale

 

 

 

1 059.1

 

 

 

Total assets

 

 

 

33 727.7

 

23 317.4

 

22 747.3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Equity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Share capital and reserves attributable to owners of Marine Harvest ASA

 

24

 

16 318.5

 

11 619.7

 

10 737.5

 

Non-controlling interests

 

23

 

27.8

 

69.0

 

75.8

 

Total equity

 

 

 

16 346.3

 

11 688.7

 

10 813.4

 

Non-current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred tax liabilities

 

15

 

3 365.0

 

2 543.7

 

2 339.4

 

Non-current interest-bearing debt

 

11

 

7 710.2

 

5 338.5

 

6 589.4

 

Other non-current liabilities

 

20

 

976.2

 

414.7

 

99.3

 

Total non-current liabilities

 

 

 

12 051.3

 

8 296.9

 

9 028.2

 

Current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current tax liabilities

 

15

 

252.6

 

26.2

 

86.6

 

Current interest-bearing debt

 

11

 

686.7

 

377.8

 

157.0

 

Trade payables

 

18

 

2 232.6

 

1 452.5

 

1 481.8

 

Other current liabilities

 

18

 

1 967.7

 

1 475.4

 

1 180.3

 

Total current liabilities

 

 

 

5 139.6

 

3 331.9

 

2 905.7

 

Liabilities held for sale

 

 

 

190.5

 

 

 

Total equity and liabilities

 

 

 

33 727.7

 

23 317.4

 

22 747.3

 

 

F-4



Table of Contents

 

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOW

 

MARINE HARVEST GROUP

(NOK MILLION)

 

 

 

NOTE

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Cash flow from operations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Earnings before taxes

 

 

 

3 457.4

 

830.3

 

579.5

 

Interest expense

 

 

 

640.2

 

382.8

 

405.8

 

Currency effects

 

 

 

311.7

 

- 523.3

 

- 236.4

 

Other financial items

 

 

 

252.4

 

320.0

 

- 342.9

 

Impairment losses and depreciation

 

10

 

827.5

 

677.7

 

733.7

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets and onerous contracts

 

6

 

-1 669.9

 

- 389.9

 

2 316.6

 

Gain/loss on disposal of assets

 

 

 

- 5.6

 

- 6.6

 

- 44.3

 

Associated companies

 

21

 

- 221.8

 

- 83.6

 

15.0

 

Taxes paid

 

15

 

- 115.5

 

- 122.8

 

- 86.0

 

Change in inventory, trade payables and trade receivables

 

 

 

-1 748.8

 

472.4

 

- 523.4

 

Restructuring & other non-operational items

 

 

 

308.1

 

- 15.0

 

5.0

 

Other adjustments

 

 

 

- 12.7

 

10.9

 

- 24.6

 

Cash flow from operations

 

 

 

2 023.0

 

1 552.9

 

2 798.0

 

Cash flow from investments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from sale of fixed assets

 

 

 

66.0

 

70.6

 

68.6

 

Payments made for purchase of fixed assets

 

4

 

-1 967.6

 

- 732.9

 

-1 054.9

 

Proceeds from sale of shares and other investments

 

 

 

262.1

 

124.3

 

77.2

 

Purchase of shares and other investments (1)

 

 

 

- 833.8

 

- 519.6

 

- 215.0

 

Cash flow from investments

 

 

 

-2 473.3

 

-1 057.6

 

-1 124.1

 

Cash flow from financing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from convertible bond

 

11

 

2 670.4

 

 

 

Proceeds from new interest-bearing debt (current and non-current)

 

11

 

4 125.5

 

12.2

 

3 125.0

 

Down payment of interest-bearing debt (current and non-current)

 

11

 

-5 053.5

 

- 796.6

 

-1 894.7

 

Interest received

 

 

 

40.9

 

56.2

 

13.1

 

Interest paid

 

 

 

- 572.2

 

- 358.5

 

- 361.7

 

Realised currency effects

 

 

 

246.3

 

209.9

 

251.6

 

Equity paid-in

 

 

 

0.0

 

425.0

 

42.1

 

Dividends paid to owners of Marine Harvest ASA

 

 

 

- 825.3

 

0.0

 

-2 878.5

 

Dividends paid to non-controlling interests

 

 

 

- 0.4

 

 

 

Transactions with treasury shares

 

 

 

0.2

 

 

- 2.8

 

Cash flow from financing

 

 

 

631.9

 

- 451.8

 

-1 705.9

 

Currency effects on cash

 

 

 

11.4

 

- 10.6

 

1.0

 

Net change in cash in period

 

 

 

193.0

 

32.9

 

- 31.0

 

Cash - opening balance

 

 

 

246.1

 

213.2

 

244.2

 

Net change in cash in period

 

 

 

193.0

 

32.9

 

- 31.0

 

Cash - closing balance total

 

16

 

439.1

 

246.1

 

213.2

 

 


(1) Net of cash received September 30, 2013 from the Morpol-acquisition: NOK 275.9 million.

 

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STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

 

MARINE HARVEST GROUP
(NOK MILLION)

 

 

 

ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF MARINE HARVEST ASA

 

NON-

 

TOTAL

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CONTROLLING

 

EQUITY

 

2013

 

SHARE
CAPITAL

 

SHARE
PREMIUM

 

CASH FLOW
HEDGE
RESERVES

 

SHARE
BASED
PAYMENT

 

FOREIGN
CURRENCY
TRANSLATION
RESERVE

 

OTHER
EQUITY

 

TOTAL

 

INTERESTS

 

 

 

Equity 01.01.13

 

2 811.3

 

779.0

 

88.9

 

 

- 787.4

 

8 728.0

 

11 619.8

 

69.0

 

11 688.7

 

Comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Profit

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2 515.1

 

2 515.1

 

7.4

 

2 522.5

 

Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

- 30.6

 

 

 

631.0

 

- 24.2

 

576.2

 

4.9

 

581.1

 

Transactions with owners

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Issue of shares

 

266.6

 

2 175.6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2 442.2

 

 

 

2 442.2

 

Share based payment

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8.4

 

 

 

 

 

8.4

 

 

 

8.4

 

Acquisition of non-controlling interests

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- 74.1

 

- 74.1

 

Dividends

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- 843.3

 

- 843.3

 

- 0.4

 

- 843.7

 

Transactions with treasury shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.2

 

0.2

 

 

 

0.2

 

Non-controlling interest arising from business combination

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

21.0

 

21.0

 

Total equity 31.12.13

 

3 077.9

 

2 954.6

 

58.3

 

8.4

 

- 156.4

 

10 375.8

 

16 318.5

 

27.8

 

16 346.3

 

 

 

 

ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF MARINE HARVEST ASA

 

NON-

 

TOTAL

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CONTROLLING

 

EQUITY

 

2012

 

SHARE
CAPITAL

 

SHARE
PREMIUM

 

CASH FLOW
HEDGE
RESERVES

 

FOREIGN CURRENCY
TRANSLATION
RESERVE

 

OTHER
EQUITY

 

TOTAL

 

INTERESTS

 

 

 

Equity 01.01.12

 

2 685.9

 

54.9

 

171.5

 

- 441.9

 

8 267.2

 

10 737.6

 

75.8

 

10 813.4

 

Comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Profit

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

437.3

 

437.3

 

4.0

 

441.3

 

Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

- 82.6

 

- 345.5

 

23.5

 

- 404.6

 

- 4.0

 

- 408.6

 

Transactions with owners

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Issue of shares

 

125.4

 

724.1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

849.5

 

 

 

849.5

 

Acquisition of non-controlling interests

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- 6.9

 

- 6.9

 

Total equity 31.12.12

 

2 811.3

 

779.0

 

88.9

 

- 787.4

 

8 728.0

 

11 619.8

 

69.0

 

11 688.7

 

 

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ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF MARINE HARVEST ASA

 

NON-

 

TOTAL

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CONTROLLING

 

EQUITY

 

2011

 

SHARE
CAPITAL

 

SHARE
PREMIUM

 

CASH FLOW
HEDGE
RESERVES

 

FOREIGN
CURRENCY
TRANSLATION
RESERVE

 

OTHER
EQUITY

 

TOTAL

 

INTERESTS

 

 

 

Equity 01.01.11

 

2 681.2

 

17.5

 

275.3

 

- 405.5

 

10 494.9

 

13 063.4

 

70.6

 

13 134.0

 

Comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Profit

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

527.3

 

527.3

 

5.5

 

532.8

 

Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

- 103.8

 

- 36.4

 

112.5

 

- 27.7

 

- 0.3

 

- 28.0

 

Transactions with owners

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acquisition of treasury shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- 2.8

 

- 2.8

 

 

 

- 2.8

 

Issue of shares related to share price based incentive scheme

 

4.7

 

37.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

42.1

 

 

 

42.1

 

Dividend

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-2 864.7

 

-2 864.7

 

 

 

-2 864.7

 

Total equity 31.12.11

 

2 685.9

 

54.9

 

171.5

 

- 441.9

 

8 267.2

 

10 737.6

 

75.8

 

10 813.4

 

 

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NOTE 1—GENERAL INFORMATION

 

Marine Harvest ASA is a Norwegian company headquartered at Sandviksboder 77A/B 5035 Bergen. Marine Harvest ASA is a publicly listed company on the Oslo Stock Exchange, and the ticker is MHG. Marine Harvest ASA has as of January 28, 2014 a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange for trading of American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), with the ticker symbol MHG.

 

The Group’s operations and its operating activities are described in note 5. Marine Harvest has operations in 22 countries and has structured the majority of its operations in two business areas: Farming and Sales and Marketing. The Group’s farming activities are located in Norway, Scotland, Canada, Chile, Ireland and the Faroe Islands. Sales and Marketing comprises the global sales organization, in addition to MH VAP Europe, Morpol Processing and Ducktrap, the US smoked fish operations in Belfast, Maine. Due to sustained losses over time, the Chilean smoked fish operation was closed in the third quarter of 2013.

 

The financial statements are presented in NOK, and all figures are presented in millions, unless otherwise stated. Group companies have their national currency as their functional currency, except for companies in Singapore, Chile and Vietnam, where USD is the functional currency. The parent company has NOK as its functional currency.

 

Comparable figures for two years are presented.

 

The financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on April 23, 2014.

 

NOTE 2—SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES

 

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are described below. These policies have been consistently applied to all periods presented.

 

STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE AND BASIS OF PREPARATION

 

As of December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011, the consolidated financial statements of Marine Harvest ASA and its subsidiaries (‘‘the Group’’ or ‘‘Marine Harvest’’) have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the interpretations as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) as endorsed by the EU (EU-IFRS). In compliance with the Norwegian Accounting Act, additional disclosure requirements are included in the notes to the financial statements of Marine Harvest ASA.

 

New standards and amendments adopted by the Group in 2013 are described in Note 33. At the end of 2013, new standards and changes to existing standards and interpretations have been enacted but are not yet effective. Relevant effects for Marine Harvest are further described in Note 33.

 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except when IFRS requires recognition at fair value. This relates to the measurement of certain financial instruments and valuation of biomass as further described below. The reporting period follows the calendar year.

 

CONSOLIDATION

 

Consolidated financial statements present the Group’s financial position, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flow. All intragroup transactions, receivables and liabilities are eliminated. Unrealized gains

 

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from intragroup transactions are eliminated. Unrealized losses from intragroup transactions are also eliminated, but are considered an impairment indicator of the asset transferred.

 

Subsidiaries

 

The Group’s consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of companies in which the parent company or subsidiaries have direct or indirect controlling interest. A controlling interest (normally ownership above 50%) is obtained when the Group has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.

 

Investment in associated companies

 

Associated companies are companies in which the Group has a significant non-controlling interest (normally ownership of 2050%). Associated companies are included in the Group’s financial statements following the equity method.

 

FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION

 

The financial statements for the Group are presented in NOK, which is the functional currency of the parent company. The functional currency of the subsidiaries is their local currency, with the exception of the subsidiaries in Chile, Singapore and Vietnam, which use USD as their functional currency.

 

Translation of foreign subsidiaries to presentation currency

 

Profit or loss transactions in foreign subsidiaries are translated using the average exchange rate for the reporting period, unless the exchange rates in the period have fluctuated significantly, in which case the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions are applied. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated at the exchange rate at the end of the reporting period.

 

Transactions in foreign currencies

 

Foreign currency transactions are translated using the currency rate at the time of the transaction. Receivables, debt and other monetary items in foreign currency are measured at the currency rate at the end of the reporting period and the translation differences are recognized in profit or loss. Other assets and debt in foreign currencies are translated at the currency rate on the transaction date.

 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS—INITIAL AND SUBSEQUENT MEASUREMENT

 

Financial assets in Marine Harvest are classified into the following categories:

 

· Loans and receivables

 

· Financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss

 

· Financial derivatives designed as hedging instruments that qualify for hedge accounting

 

The classification depends on the nature and the purpose of the financial instrument and is determined at the time of initial recognition. Subsequent measurement of financial instruments depends on their classification in the specified categories.

 

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Loans and receivables

 

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. After initial measurement, such financial assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method, less impairment. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is presented as finance income in the statement of comprehensive income. Any losses arising from impairment are presented in the statement of comprehensive income as finance costs for loans and as sales costs or other operating expenses for receivables.

 

Fair value through profit or loss

 

Financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss include:

 

· Financial instruments held for trading

 

· Financial instruments designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss

 

Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for the purpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term. This category includes derivative financial instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments that qualify for hedge accounting.

 

Financial instruments at ‘‘fair value through profit or loss’’ are recognized in the statement of financial position at fair value, with changes in the fair value recognized in profit or loss as financial items. Marine Harvest has designated investments in other shares listed on the stock exchange into this category.

 

Impairment of financial assets

 

Financial assets, other than those subsequently measured at fair value, are assessed for indicators of impairment. Financial assets are considered to be impaired when there is objective evidence that the estimated future cash flow of the investment will be negatively affected.

 

FINANCIAL LIABILITIES—INITIAL AND SUBSEQUENT MEASUREMENT

 

Financial liabilities in Marine Harvest are classified into the following categories:

 

· Loans and borrowings

 

· Financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss

 

· Financial derivatives designed as hedging instruments that qualify for hedge accounting

 

All financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

 

Loans and borrowings

 

After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognized as well as through the EIR amortization process. Amortized cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortization is presented as finance costs in the statement of comprehensive income.

 

All financial instruments are recognized in the statement of financial position when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. At initial recognition, an assessment is made as to

 

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whether a financial instrument shall be accounted for as a financial liability, a financial asset or an equity instrument, based on the substance of the contractual instrument. The terms of a non-derivative financial instrument are evaluated to determine whether the instrument contains a liability and an equity component, and such components are classified separately as financial liabilities, financial assets or equity instruments as appropriate. When a non-derivative financial instrument contains an embedded derivative that would have met the definition of a derivative instrument as a separate instrument, that embedded derivative is separated from the host contract and is accounted for as a freestanding derivative instrument, if the economic characteristics and risk of the embedded derivative are not closely related to that of the host contract. Multiple embedded derivatives in a single instrument are treated as a single compound instrument if the embedded derivatives relate to the same risk exposures and are not readily separable and independent of each other.

 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

 

The fair value of the financial instruments that are traded in active markets at each reporting date is determined by reference to quoted market prices or dealer price quotations, without any deduction for transaction costs. For financial instruments not traded in an active market, the fair value is determined using appropriate valuation techniques.

 

OFFSETTING FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount recognized in the statement of financial position only when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

 

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGE ACCOUNTING

 

The Group uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts and interest rate swaps, to hedge its foreign currency risks and interest rate risks. The Group trades in salmon derivatives, both as an operational activity and a financial activity. Operational trading of salmon derivatives is presented as other operating income, while financial trading of salmon derivatives is presented as other financial items. Derivative financial instruments are recognized at fair value. Derivatives are presented as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

 

Gains or losses at expiration as well as unrealized changes in fair value on derivatives are recognized in profit or loss, except for cash flow hedges.

 

Cash flow hedges

 

The effective portion of the gain or loss on hedging instruments is recognized directly in other comprehensive income as a cash flow hedge reserve, while any ineffective portion is recognized immediately in profit and loss. The Group uses forward currency contracts to hedge its exposure to foreign currency risk in forecast transactions and firm commitments, and also uses interest rate swaps to hedge its exposure to floating interest rates. The ineffective portion relating to foreign currency contracts and interest rate swaps is recognized in financial items.

 

Amounts recognized as other comprehensive income are transferred to profit or loss when the hedged transaction affects profit or loss, such as when the hedged financial income or financial expense is recognized or when a forecast sale occurs.

 

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If the forecasted transaction or firm commitment is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in other comprehensive income is transferred to the statement of comprehensive income. If the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised without replacement or rollover, or if its designation as a hedge is revoked, any cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in other comprehensive income remains in other comprehensive income until the forecast transaction or firm commitment affects profit or loss.

 

REVENUE RECOGNITION

 

Sale of fish products

 

Revenue for the Group is related to sales of fish and elaborated fish products. Sales of fish and elaborated fish products are recognized when the significant risk associated with these products has been transferred to the customer, which is normally on delivery.

 

Biomass

 

Changes in the estimated fair value of biomass are recognized in profit or loss. The fair value adjustment is classified on two separate lines: “fair value uplift on harvested fish” and ‘‘fair value adjustment on biological assets’’. The change in fair value adjustment is calculated as the change in fair value of the biomass less the change in accumulated cost of production for the biomass. The fair value uplift on harvested fish is the release from stock of the fair value adjustment related to the fish harvested in the period.

 

Interest income

 

For all financial instruments measured at amortized cost, interest income is recorded using the effective interest rate (EIR). EIR is the rate that exactly discounts the estimated future cash payments or receipts over the expected life of the financial instrument or a shorter period, where appropriate, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or liability. Interest income is included in finance income in the income statement.

 

Dividends

 

Revenue is recognized when the Group’s right to receive the payment is established, which is generally when the dividend is approved.

 

GOVERNMENT GRANTS

 

Government grants are recognized where there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and where the company will be in compliance with all attached conditions. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income on a systematic basis over the periods that the costs, which it is intended to compensate, are expensed. When the grant relates to an asset, it is recognized as income in equal amounts over the expected useful life of the related asset.

 

GOODWILL AND LICENSES

 

Goodwill

 

Goodwill is initially measured at cost, and is the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognized for non-controlling interest over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed through a business combination.

 

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After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units.

 

Where goodwill has been allocated to a cash-generating unit and part of the operation within that unit is disposed of, the goodwill associated with the disposed operation is included in the carrying amount of the operation when determining the gain or loss on disposal. Goodwill disposed of in such circumstance is measured based on the relative values of the disposed operation and the portion of the cash-generating unit retained.

 

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as at December 31 and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired. Impairment is determined for goodwill by assessing the recoverable amount of each cash-generating unit (CGU) (or group of CGUs) to which the goodwill relates. When the recoverable amount of the CGU is less than its carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized. Impairment losses relating to goodwill cannot be reversed in future periods.

 

Other intangible assets (licenses)

 

Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried at cost less any accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite. The value of licenses acquired by Marine Harvest (mainly licenses for salmon farming) in Norway, Chile, Ireland, the Faroe Islands, Scotland and Canada are considered indefinite. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are tested for impairment annually as at December 31 and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired, either individually or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefinite life continues to be appropriate. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

 

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

 

Property, plant and equipment are measured at acquisition cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment. Costs associated with normal maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Costs of major replacements and renewals that substantially extend the economic life and functionality of the asset are capitalized. Assets are normally considered property, plant and equipment if the useful economic life exceeds one year. Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset form part of the cost of that asset. Straight-line depreciation is applied over the useful life of property, plant and equipment, based on the asset’s historical cost and estimated residual value at disposal. If a substantial part of an asset has an individual and different useful life, this part is depreciated separately. The asset’s residual value and useful life is evaluated annually. The gain or loss arising from the disposal or retirement of an asset is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset.

 

At the end of the reporting period, the carrying amounts of the Group’s assets are reviewed to determine whether there are indications that specific assets have suffered an impairment loss. If such indications exist, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of net present value of discounted cash flows (value in use).

 

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Table of Contents

 

IMPAIRMENT OF NON-CURRENT ASSETS (Cash Generating Units – CGUs)

 

Annually, or upon indication each CGU is tested for impairment. If the recoverable amount of a cash-generating unit is estimated to be less than the carrying amount of the net assets of the cash-generating unit, impairment to the recoverable amount is recognized. If impairment is required, goodwill is written down first, thereafter other intangible assets. If further impairment is required, other fixed assets will be written down.

 

Impairment losses recognized in previous periods are reversed if the recoverable amount in a later period exceeds the carrying amount. The reversal will not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years.

 

LEASING

 

The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception date. The arrangement is assessed for whether fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets or the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in the arrangement.

 

Finance leases that transfer substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item to the Group, are capitalized at the commencement of the lease at the fair value of the leased assets or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Lease payments are apportioned between finance charges and reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are presented as finance costs in the statement of comprehensive income.

 

A leased asset is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. However, if there is no reasonable certainty that the Group will obtain ownership by the end of the lease term, the asset is depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the lease term.

 

Operating lease payments are recognized as an operating expense in the statement of comprehensive income on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

INVENTORY

 

Inventories mainly comprise of feed, goods in progress, packaging materials and finished goods. Inventories of goods are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value.

 

The cost of finished goods includes direct material costs, direct personnel expenses, and indirect processing costs (full production cost). Interest costs are not included in the inventory value. The cost price of purchased goods is the actual purchase price. The cost is based on the principle of first-in first-out, except for feed and value-added-products, where weighted average is used.

 

If fish farmed by the Group is included in inventory as raw material for further processing in one of the Groups processing entities, such fish is included in inventory at fair value.

 

BIOLOGICAL ASSETS

 

Biological assets comprise eggs, juveniles, smolt and fish in the sea. Biological assets are, in accordance with IAS 41, measured at fair value less cost to sell, unless the fair value cannot be measured reliably. Broodstock and smolt are measured at cost less impairment losses. For live fish below 1 kg, cost is an approximation to fair value. Biomass between 1 kg and 4 kg is measured at fair value less cost to sell, including a proportionate expected net profit at harvest. Live fish above 4 kg are measured to net value.

 

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Effective markets for sale of live fish do not exist, so the valuation of live fish under IAS 41 implies establishment of an estimated fair value of the fish in a hypothetical market. The calculation of the estimated fair value is based on market prices for harvested fish and adjusted for estimated differences in accordance with IAS 41.18 b). The prices are reduced for harvesting costs and freight costs to market, to arrive at a net value back to farm. The valuation reflects the expected quality grading and size distribution. The valuation is completed for each business unit and is based on biomass in sea for each seawater site and the estimated market price in each market derived from the development in contracts as well as spot prices. Where reliable forward prices are available, those have been included in the estimation. The change in estimated fair value is recognized in profit or loss on a continuous basis, and is classified separately. At harvest, the fair value adjustment is classified as fair value uplift on harvested fish.

 

ONEROUS CONTRACTS

 

At each reporting date, management assesses if there are contracts in which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligation under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received. Fair value adjustment of biological assets is included in the unavoidable cost. A provision is recorded by estimating the present obligation under the contract.

 

NON-CURRENT ASSETS HELD FOR SALE AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

 

The Group classifies non-current assets and disposal groups as held for sale or for distribution to equity holders of the parent if their carrying amounts will be recovered principally through a sale or distribution rather than through continuing use. Such non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale or as held for distribution are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell or to distribute. Costs to distribute are the incremental costs directly attributable to the distribution, excluding the finance costs and income tax expense.

 

The criteria for held for sale classification is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the asset or disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Actions required to complete the sale should indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the sale will be made or that the sale with be withdrawn. Management must be committed to the sale expected within one year from the date of the classification. Similar considerations apply to assets or a disposal group held for distribution.

 

Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are not depreciated or amortized once classified as held for sale or as held for distribution.

 

Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale or for distribution are presented separately as current items in the statement of financial position.

 

A disposal group qualifies as a discontinued operation if it is:

 

·        A component of the Group that is a CGU or a group of CGUs

·        Classified as held for sale or distribution or already disposed in such a way, or

·        A major line of business or major geographical area

 

Discontinued operations are excluded from the results of continuing operations and are presented as a single amount as profit or loss after tax from discontinued operations in the statement of profit or loss.

 

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TAXES

 

Income taxes comprise taxes on the taxable profit for the year, changes in deferred taxes and any adjustments in prior year’s taxes. Taxes on transactions that are recorded in other comprehensive income or directly in equity do not form part of the tax expense in profit and loss.

 

Tax payable is calculated using the nominal tax rate for the relevant tax jurisdiction at the end of the reporting period.

 

Deferred tax is calculated on the basis of temporary differences between accounting and taxation values at the close of the accounting year. Deferred tax assets arise from temporary differences that give rise to future tax deductions. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses, can be utilized.

 

Tax increasing and tax decreasing temporary differences are offset against each other to the extent that the taxes can be netted within one tax regime.

 

PROVISIONS

 

A provision is recognized if the company has a legal or constructive obligation related to a past event, and it is likely that the obligation will lead to a financial outflow for the company. Long-term provisions are valued based on discounted expected cash flows.

 

RESTRUCTURING COSTS

 

Provisions for restructuring costs will be recognized if the company has, within the end of the reporting period, published or started a restructuring plan, which identifies what parts of the company, and approximately how many employees will be affected, the actions that will be taken, and when the plan will be implemented. Provisions are recognized only for costs that cannot be associated with future earnings. Costs related to restructuring are classified on a separate line in the statement of profit or loss.

 

SHARE-BASED BONUS SCHEMES

 

The Group has a share price based bonus scheme from 2011, which will be settled in cash. The fair value of the program is recognized as a payroll expense and a liability. The fair value of the allotment is measured at the end of each reporting period and accrued over the period until the employees have earned an unconditional right to receive it.

 

The Group has a share price based bonus scheme from 2012 and 2013, which can be settled in shares (equity settlement). The cost of equity-settled transactions is recognized as a payroll expense over the vesting period. The cumulative expense is recognized in other equity reserves within equity.

 

CASH FLOW STATEMENT AND CASH

 

The cash flow statement is prepared in accordance with the indirect method. Cash comprises cash and bank deposits, except restricted funds.

 

NOTE 3—ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

 

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make accounting estimates and judgments that affect the recognized amounts of assets and liabilities, income and expenses.

 

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The estimates and underlying assumptions are based on past experience and information perceived to be relevant and probable when the judgments are made. Estimates are reviewed on an on-going basis and actual values and results may deviate from these estimates. Adjustments to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised.

 

INTANGIBLE ASSETS – GOODWILL AND FARMING LICENSES

 

The annual impairment test on intangible assets is based on a discounted cash flow model per cash-generating unit (CGU). The cash flows used in the calculations represent management’s best estimate at the time of reporting. The assumptions used rest on uncertainty with regard to product prices, input prices, biological performance and future regulatory frameworks. Costs can normally be estimated with a higher degree of accuracy than income. As profitability in the salmon farming industry historically has been very volatile, depending on developments in the price of salmon, Marine Harvest uses budgets and long-term plans for the first four years of the analysis, but returns to long-term historic averages for profitability in the fifth year and terminal value.

 

The WACC model is used for estimating the discount rate. The input data for the model is updated every year for the annual impairment test. The choice of input data for the model significantly influences the outcome of the model, and to ensure that there is as little uncertainty as possible with regards to the calculation of the WACC, third-party sources are used where available (interest, inflation, beta). The WACC is calculated separately for the different geographic CGUs. Indications of impairment that initiate testing beyond the year-end test include a significant reduction in the profitability of the CGU compared to previous periods, negative deviations from budgets, changes in the use of assets, market changes and regulatory changes.

 

For further information about uncertainty in the valuation of intangible assets and impairment testing, please refer to note 8, Impairment testing. Note 9, Intangible assets, illustrates the distribution of intangible assets in the Group.

 

BIOLOGICAL ASSETS

 

Biological assets comprise eggs, juveniles, smolt and fish in the sea. These assets are measured at fair value less cost to sell, unless the fair value cannot be measured reliably. The estimation of the fair value relies on a series of uncertain assumptions, e.g., biomass volume, biomass quality, size distribution, market prices and costs.

 

Marine Harvest measures all deviations in biomass volume compared to estimates when a site is harvested out. Except for situations where there has been an incident causing mass mortality, particularly early in the cycle, combined with inability to count and weigh fish after the event in fear of stressing the fish additionally, the volume deviations are normally minor. Similarly, excluding the effects of soft flesh and melanin, the quality of the fish can normally be estimated with a relatively high degree of accuracy. Categorization of quality is normally set per country based on averages but can be set individually per site when needed. The size distribution shows some degree of variation but normally not to an extent that significantly changes the estimated value of the biomass (the value of two fish at 5 kg is very similar to the value of two fish weighing 4 kg and 6 kg, respectively).

 

The accumulated cost of the fish per kilogram will only deviate from the estimate if the volume is different than the estimate. For the estimation of future costs, there is uncertainty with regard to feed prices, other input costs and biological development. Marine Harvest measures cost deviations vs. budget as part of the follow up of business units. Excluding special situations (incidents etc.), the deviations in costs vs budgets are

 

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normally limited for a group of sites, although individual sites might show deviations. The estimation of costs influences the biomass value through the recognized fair value adjustment in the statements of comprehensive income and financial position (calculated as fair value less accumulated biological costs).

 

The key element in the estimation of fair value is the assumed market price.

 

The assumed market price is the price at the measurement date that Marine Harvest expects to receive on the future date when the live fish is harvested. The Company derives these prices from a variety of sources, normally a combination of the prices achieved in the previous month and the contracts most recently entered into. For salmon of Norwegian origin, quoted forward prices (Fishpool) are also included in the estimation. The introduction of third-party forward prices as part of the price basket improves the reliability of the price estimation, but a major part of the basis for the price estimate is still historical price achievement, which may not be a good proxy for the future price.

 

For further information about biological asset values please refer to note 6, Biological assets.

 

NOTE 4—BUSINESS SEGMENTS

 

For management purposes, Marine Harvest is organized in two business areas, Farming and Sales and Marketing. Farming is a separate reportable segment, while the business area Sales and Marketing is divided in three reportable segments, Market, MH VAP Europe and Morpol Processing. Fish Feed production will be a separate business area when the operational activity starts.

 

Operating segments are components of a business that are regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision makers for the purpose of assessing performance and allocating resources. The Group Management Team is the Group’s chief operating decision makers.

 

The business area Farming, consists of the operating farming operating components in Norway, Scotland, Canada, Chile, Ireland and the Faroe Islands. These components due to similar production processes, correlation in both input and market prices, in addition to similar biological risk factors are considered to have similar economic characteristics and the farming business is therefore aggregated into one reportable segment.

 

The business area Sales and Marketing consists of processing and markets components for in Americas, Asia and Europe, MH VAP Europe and Morpol Processing. The processing and markets components in Americas, Asia and Europe are considered to have same similar economic characteristics, and the Market business is therefore presented as one reportable segment while MH VAP Europe and Morpol Processing are presented as two separate reportable segments.

 

The reportable segment ‘‘other’’ consists of corporate functions and holding companies in addition to Sterling White Halibut and operating cost related to the building of the Fish Feed factory.

 

The performance of the segments is monitored to reach the overall objective of maximizing the operational EBIT per kg and margins. Consequently, reporting is focused towards measuring and illustrating the overall profitability of harvested volume based on source of origin (operational EBIT/kg) and operational EBIT margin for MH VAP Europe and Morpol Processing. Legal entities with activities in both Farming and Marketing do not split their financial items or their statement of financial position. Gross investments in these entities are reported as Farming-activities.

 

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The pricing principle between the two business areas is based on market reference prices for spot sale, while contracts are on market terms, with the target for Sales and Marketing to maximize profit beyond these terms.

 

The same accounting principles as described for the consolidated financial statements have been applied for the segment reporting. Intersegment transfers or transactions are entered into under normal commercial terms and conditions, and the measurement used in the segment reporting is the same as used for the third parties transactions.

 

KEY SEGMENT FIGURES

 

BUSINESS AREAS

 

 

 

 

 

Sales and Marketing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

NOK million

 

Farming

 

Market

 

VAP
Europe

 

Morpol
Processing

 

Other

 

Eliminations

 

TOTAL

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

External revenue

 

500.8

 

13 130.7

 

4 280.8

 

1 264.9

 

52.4

 

 

19 229.6

 

Internal revenue

 

12 391.5

 

1 931.6

 

61.6

 

91.8

 

162.6

 

-14 639.1

 

0.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operational revenue

 

12 892.3

 

15 062.2

 

4 342.4

 

1 356.7

 

215.0

 

-14 639.1

 

19 229.6

 

Change in unrealized salmon derivatives

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

- 30.2

 

 

- 30.2

 

Revenue in profit and loss

 

12 892.3

 

15 062.2

 

4 342.4

 

1 356.7

 

184.8

 

-14 639.1

 

19 199.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operational EBITDA

 

3 623.7

 

363.0

 

21.2

 

97.6

 

- 130.6

 

 

3 974.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operational EBIT

 

3 001.1

 

346.3

 

- 57.7

 

62.6

 

- 139.9

 

 

3 212.4

 

Change in unrealized salmon derivatives

 

 

 

 

 

- 30.2

 

 

- 30.2

 

Fair value on harvested fish

 

-4 323.7

 

 

 

 

0.0

 

 

-4 323.7

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

6 141.7

 

 

 

- 30.8

 

7.3

 

 

6 118.3

 

Onerous contracts provision

 

- 124.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

- 124.7

 

Restructuring cost

 

- 4.3

 

- 32.7

 

- 235.7

 

 

 

 

- 272.8

 

Other non-operational items

 

- 74.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

- 74.4

 

Income from associated companies

 

221.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

221.8

 

Impairment losses

 

- 6.8

 

- 9.7

 

- 40.6

 

- 7.7

 

- 0.2

 

 

- 65.0

 

EBIT

 

4 830.8

 

303.9

 

- 334.0

 

24.1

 

- 163.0

 

 

4 661.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gross investments

 

929.1

 

67.0

 

158.2

 

80.5

 

732.6

 

 

 

1 967.6

 

Number of employees 31.12 (FTE)

 

3 238

 

1 252

 

2 320

 

3 780

 

86

 

 

 

10 676

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

2012

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

External revenue

 

403.4

 

11 156.3

 

3 927.2

 

 

82.5

 

 

15 569.3

 

Internal revenue

 

10 206.1

 

1 550.0

 

16.9

 

 

48.7

 

-11 821.7

 

0.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operational revenue

 

10 609.5

 

12 706.3

 

3 944.1

 

 

131.1

 

-11 821.7

 

15 569.3

 

Change in unrealized salmon derivatives

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

 

- 105.8

 

0.0

 

- 105.8

 

Revenue in profit and loss

 

10 609.5

 

12 706.3

 

3 944.1

 

 

25.4

 

-11 821.7

 

15 463.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operational EBITDA

 

997.8

 

356.0

 

80.0

 

 

- 113.2

 

 

1 320.6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operational EBIT

 

415.1

 

344.2

 

5.8

 

 

- 121.7

 

 

643.4

 

Change in unrealized salmon derivatives

 

 

0.00

 

 

 

- 105.8

 

 

- 105.8

 

Fair value on harvested fish

 

-1 597.5

 

 

 

 

0.0

 

 

-1 597.5

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

2 002.2

 

0.00

 

 

 

- 8.8

 

 

1 993.5

 

Onerous contracts provision

 

- 6.1

 

0.00

 

 

 

0.0

 

 

- 6.1

 

Restructuring cost

 

- 0.8

 

0.00

 

 

 

0.0

 

 

- 0.8

 

Income from associated companies

 

80.7

 

0.00

 

2.9

 

 

0.0

 

 

83.6

 

Impairment losses

 

1.1

 

0.00

 

- 1.6

 

 

0.0

 

 

- 0.5

 

EBIT

 

894.8

 

344.2

 

7.1

 

 

- 236.3

 

 

1 009.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gross investments

 

620.0

 

22.0

 

85.7

 

 

5.1

 

 

 

732.9

 

Number of employees 31.12 (FTE)

 

3 263

 

819

 

2 236

 

 

 

71

 

 

 

6 389

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

External revenue

 

516.3

 

11 260.5

 

4 204.8

 

 

82.1

 

- 40.1

 

16 023.6

 

Internal revenue

 

10 943.6

 

1 721.5

 

74.4

 

 

29.2

 

-12 768.8

 

0.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operational revenue

 

11 460.0

 

12 982.0

 

4 279.2

 

 

111.3

 

-12 808.9

 

16 023.6

 

Change in unrealized salmon derivatives

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

 

109.3

 

0.0

 

109.3

 

Revenue in profit and loss

 

11 460.0

 

12 982.0

 

4 279.2

 

 

220.6

 

-12 808.9

 

16 132.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operational EBITDA

 

3 064.4

 

238.0

 

183.5

 

 

- 93.8

 

- 8.2

 

3 384.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operational EBIT

 

2 489.6

 

228.2

 

107.9

 

 

- 102.0

 

- 6.4

 

2 717.3

 

Change in unrealized salmon derivatives

 

 

 

 

 

109.3

 

 

109.3

 

Fair value on harvested fish

 

-3 260.1

 

 

 

 

0.0

 

 

-3 260.1

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

947.5

 

 

 

 

1.7

 

 

949.2

 

Onerous contracts provision

 

- 4.8

 

 

- 1.0

 

 

 

 

- 5.8

 

Restructuring cost

 

- 23.4

 

 

1.6

 

 

 

 

- 21.8

 

Income from associated companies

 

- 15.0

 

 

0.0

 

 

 

 

- 15.0

 

Impairment losses

 

- 64.4

 

- 0.4

 

- 2.2

 

 

 

 

- 67.0

 

EBIT

 

69.4

 

227.7

 

106.2

 

0.0

 

9.0

 

- 6.4

 

406.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gross investments

 

910.2

 

13.2

 

117.3

 

 

14.1

 

 

 

1 054.9

 

Number of employees 31.12 (FTE)

 

3 274

 

649

 

2 332

 

 

 

69

 

 

 

6 324

 

 

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REVENUE BY CUSTOMERS LOCATION

 

NOK million

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Norway

 

893.0

 

845.2

 

579.8

 

Europe exclusive Norway

 

12 913.9

 

10 285.5

 

10 948.9

 

America

 

3 146.3

 

2 738.0

 

2 870.7

 

Asia

 

1 772.9

 

1 371.7

 

1 141.3

 

Other markets

 

176.0

 

104.3

 

125.1

 

External gross revenue

 

18 902.1

 

15 344.7

 

15 665.8

 

Other income

 

327.5

 

224.6

 

357.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operational revenue

 

19 229.6

 

15 569.3

 

16 023.6

 

 

Marine Harvest has no customers accounting for 10% or more of the revenues

 

REVENUE BY PRODUCT

 

NOK million

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Salmon whole fresh

 

9 940.1

 

8 351.9

 

8 609.9

 

Salmon smoked fresh

 

1 932.0

 

1 041.1

 

1 277.5

 

Salmon processed fresh

 

3 528.8

 

3 130.4

 

3 199.9

 

Salmon whole frozen

 

484.3

 

117.5

 

160.0

 

Salmon smoked frozen

 

159.4

 

165.7

 

160.5

 

Salmon processed frozen

 

1 147.4

 

969.9

 

936.6

 

Non salmon species and Ingredients

 

1 710.1

 

1 568.2

 

1 321.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

External gross revenue 

 

18 902.1

 

15 344.7

 

15 665.8

 

 

NOTE 5 BUSINESS COMBINATIONS, ASSETS HELD FOR SALE AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

 

In December 2012, Marine Harvest ASA acquired 48.5% of the shares in Morpol ASA at NOK 11.50 per share. In January 2013, a mandatory offer was submitted for the remaining shares in Morpol at NOK 11.50 per share.  At the acquisition date (September 30), the total ownership in Morpol was 87.1% at a purchase price of NOK 1 683 million. During the fourth quarter of 2013, Marine Harvest acquired the remaining shares in Morpol, which resulted in a gross total purchase price of NOK 1 940 million for the 100% shareholding in Morpol. Of the purchase price, NOK 425 million was paid through issuance of shares in Marine Harvest in December 2012 and the rest was paid in cash.

 

On September 30, 2013, the acquisition was approved by the EU competition authorities. The approval from the Anti-Monopoly Committee in the Ukraine is still pending but, given that Morpol historically has not been active in the Ukraine, a right to consummate the transaction has been granted subject to certain terms. At the date of approval, Marine Harvest ASA could exercise rights of the shares, and hence had obtained control. This date is the acquisition date, and Morpol ASA is consolidated into the Marine Harvest Group as of September 30, 2013.

 

Morpol ASA was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange until November 28, 2013. Morpol is a world leader in value-added processing. The purchase of Morpol is in line with the strategy of forming a world-leading integrated protein group. The Morpol acquisition will further strengthen the Group’s capacity for processed

 

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salmon products in several markets where Marine Harvest previously not has been very active.

 

A final purchase price allocation has been carried out. The aggregated goodwill of NOK 177 million recognized as of September 30 arises from a number of factors, such as expected synergies through combining highly skilled workforces, obtaining economies of scale and the formation of a world-leading integrated protein group.

 

The financial statements for Marine Harvest Group include revenues of NOK 1 714 million and a profit before tax of NOK 96 million from Morpol Group in the fourth quarter of 2013. Accumulated acquisition-related costs of NOK 14 million have been recognized as other operating expenses in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

 

If Morpol ASA had been consolidated from January 1, 2013, the consolidated statement of comprehensive income for 2013 would show revenues of NOK 22 669 million and a profit of NOK 2 493 million, inclusive discontinued operations.

 

The table below summarizes the consideration paid for Morpol ASA, and the final assessed fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, recognized at the acquisition date September 30, 2013. The non-controlling interests as of September 30 have been acquired during the fourth quarter, at a price similar to the value at the acquisition date.

 

RECOGNIZED AMOUNTS OF INDENTIFIABLE ASSETS REQUIRED AND LIABILITIES ASSUMED AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2013

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

 

 

Fair value

 

 

 

Licenses

 

574.6

 

Other intangible assets

 

139.8

 

Property, plant and equipment

 

1 164.4

 

Inventories and biological assets

 

648.1

 

Other assets

 

755.3

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

276.9

 

Long-term interest bearing debt

 

(18.1

)

Short-term interest bearing debt

 

(1 939.7

)

Other liabilities

 

(611.0

)

Total identifiable net assets

 

990.3

 

Assets held for sale, net

 

810.0

 

Non-controlling interests at acquisition date fair value

 

(294.7

)

 

 

 

 

Goodwill

 

177.1

 

 

 

 

 

Acquisition date fair value for owners of Marine Harvest ASA

 

1 682.7

 

 

ASSETS HELD FOR SALE AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

 

As remedies for the competition approval of the purchase, Marine Harvest has agreed to divest the Morpol farming capacity in Shetland and Orkney Islands. Furthermore, Marine Harvest has agreed to divest Morpol freshwater capacity and primary processing plants in the same areas. These assets and related liabilities are classified as “Assets/liabilities held for sale” in Marine Harvest’s consolidated financial position. The assets and liabilities are measured at fair value less cost to sell.

 

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On March 27, 2014 an agreement to divest was announced, please refer to Note 34 Subsequent events.

 

Asset held for sale as of December 31, 2013.

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

 

 

Intangibles

 

369.3

 

Biomass

 

410.0

 

Property, plant and equipment

 

206.6

 

Other

 

73.2

 

Asset classified as held for sale

 

1 059.1

 

 

Liabilities held for sale as of December 31, 2013.

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

 

 

Liabilities classified as held for sale

 

190.5

 

 

 

 

 

Net assets disposal group

 

868.6

 

 

RESULTS OF DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS AND ASSETS HELD FOR SALE FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

 

 

Revenue

 

246.2

 

Expenses

 

- 196.6

 

Gross profit

 

49.6

 

Fair value uplift biomass & onerous contracts

 

54.8

 

Finance

 

- 0.5

 

Profit before tax from discontinued operations

 

103.9

 

Tax

 

- 12.0

 

Profit for the three months ended December 31, 2013 from discontinued operation

 

91.9

 

 

Harvested volume was 5 382 tons gutted weight in Q4 2013

 

The main assets, liabilities and profit are related to Shetland and Orkney Islands (farming).

 

Earnings per share

 

NOK

 

Basic and diluted, profit for the year from discontinued operation

 

0.02

 

 

ACQUSITIONS

 

In relation to the finalization of the Morpol transaction, Marine Harvest ASA purchased the following companies through its subsidiary Morpol S.A. These companies are considered to immaterial for the Group.

 

·                       Epigon, a sales company (78.3%)

·                       Morpol technology, a technical services company (100%)

·                       MK Delikatesy, a processing company (100%)

 

The transactions were completed on November 29, 2013, at a total purchase price of USD 6 million (NOK 37 million), reflecting the carrying amount of these companies. Marine Harvest is convinced that these transactions will have a positive impact on Morpol’s long-term value creation.

 

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NOTE 6 - BIOLOGICAL ASSETS

 

VALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL ASSETS

 

Biological assets are, in accordance with IAS 41, measured at fair value, unless the fair value cannot be measured reliably. Broodstock, smolt and live fish below 1 kg are measured at cost less impairment losses, as the fair value cannot be measured reliably.

 

Biomass beyond this is measured at fair value in accordance with IFRS 13, and the measurement is categorized into Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy, as the input is unobservable input. Live fish over 4 kg are measured to full net value, while a proportionate expected net profit at harvest is incorporated for live fish between 1 kg and 4 kg. The valuation is completed for each business unit based on a model supplied by corporate. All assumptions are subject to quality assurance and analysis on a monthly basis from a corporate level.

 

The valuation is based on an income approach and takes into consideration unobservable input based on biomass in sea for each sea water site, estimated growth rate on site level, mortality in the business unit, quality of the fish going forward, costs and market price. Special assessment is performed for sites with high/low performance due to disease or other special factors. The market prices are set for each business unit, and are derived from observable market prices (when available), achieved prices and development in contract prices. The fair value model was enhanced with effect from 2011.

 

ASSUMPTIONS USED FOR DETERMINING FAIR VALUE OF LIVE FISH

 

The estimated fair value of biomass will always be based on uncertain assumptions, even though the company has built substantial expertise in assessing these factors. Estimates are applied to the following factors: biomass volume, the quality of the biomass, the size distribution and market prices.

 

Biomass volume: The biomass volume is in itself an estimate based on the number of smolt put to sea, the estimated growth from the time of stocking, estimated mortality based on observed mortality in the period etc. The uncertainty with regards to biomass volume is normally low.

 

The uncertainty will, however, be higher if an incident has resulted in mass mortality, especially early in the cycle, or if the health status restricts handling the fish. If the total biomass at sea was 1% higher than our estimates, this would result in a change in IAS41 valuation of approximately NOK 57 million.

 

The quality of the biomass: The quality of the biomass can be difficult to assess prior to harvesting, if the reason for downgrading is related to muscle quality (e.g. the effect of Kudoa in Canada). In Norway downgraded fish is normally priced based on standard rates of deduction compared to a Superior quality fish. For fish classified as ordinary the standard rate of reduction is NOK 1.50 — NOK 2.00 per kilo gutted weight. For fish classified as production grade the standard rate of reduction is NOK 5.00 to NOK 15.00 per kilo gutted weight depending on the reason for downgrading. In other countries the price deductions related to quality are not as standardized. The quality of harvested fish has been good in 2013. A 1% change from Superior quality to production quality would give a negative change of NOK 20 million on the IAS 41 valuation.

 

The size distribution: Fish in sea grows at different rates and even in a situation with good estimates for the average weight of the fish there can be considerable spread in the quality and weight of the fish. The size distribution affects the price achieved for the fish as each size category of fish is priced separately in the market. When estimating the biomass value a normal size distribution is applied.

 

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Market price: The market price assumption is very important for the valuation and even minor changes in the market price will give significant changes in the valuation. The methodology used for establishing the market price is explained in note 2. A NOK 1.00 change in the market price would result in a change in the IAS 41 valuation of approximately NOK 173 million.

 

Valuation of biological assets is affected by the market prices of fish. The market price risk is reduced through fixed price/volume customer contracts and financial contracts as explained in note 12.

 

WRITE-DOWN OF BIOMASS (extraordinary mortality)

 

Extraordinary mortality is accounted for when a site either experiences elevated mortality over time or massive mortality due to an incident on the farm (outbreak of disease, lack of oxygen etc.). In 2013, all farming units, except Marine Harvest Faroes, recorded extraordinary mortality losses.

 

RECONCILIATION OF CHANGES IN CARRYING AMOUNT OF BIOLOGICAL ASSETS

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Carrying amount 01.01

 

6 207,9

 

6 239,3

 

8 034,0

 

Purchases

 

8 540,8

 

7 704,8

 

7 400,6

 

Fair value adjustment on biological assets

 

6 105,0

 

1 993,5

 

949,3

 

Fair value uplift on harvested fish

 

-4 323,7

 

-1 597,5

 

-3 260,1

 

Mortality for fish in sea

 

- 158,4

 

- 141,4

 

- 163,0

 

Cost of harvested fish

 

-7 406,1

 

-7 879,0

 

-6 749,0

 

Assets acquired from Morpol - continued operations

 

338,9

 

0,0

 

0,0

 

Currency translation differences

 

232,2

 

- 111,8

 

27,4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total carrying amount of biological assets as of 31.12

 

9 536,6

 

6 207,9

 

6 239,3

 

 

FAIR VALUE ADJUSTMENT ON BIOLOGICAL ASSETS IN THE STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Marine Harvest Norway

 

1 863,2

 

701,3

 

172,5

 

Marine Harvest Chile

 

121,3

 

- 40,8

 

29,0

 

Marine Harvest Canada

 

219,0

 

- 16,0

 

- 0,3

 

Marine Harvest Scotland

 

398,0

 

160,4

 

173,4

 

Marine Harvest Faroe Island

 

108,2

 

9,3

 

3,0

 

Marine Harvest Ireland

 

25,4

 

21,0

 

59,0

 

Sterling White Halibut

 

7,9

 

0,6

 

9,4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total fair value adjustment included in carrying amount in the statement of financial position

 

2 742,9

 

835,7

 

445,9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Biomass at cost

 

6 793,7

 

5 372,1

 

5 793,4

 

Total biological assets

 

9 536,6

 

6 207,9

 

6 239,3

 

 

FAIR VALUE ADJUSTMENT ON BIOLOGICAL ASSETS IN THE STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Marine Harvest Norway

 

4 007,9

 

1 767,3

 

223,4

 

Marine Harvest Chile

 

284,2

 

- 97,6

 

143,2

 

Marine Harvest Canada

 

595,1

 

- 6,8

 

- 38,4

 

Marine Harvest Scotland

 

999,1

 

268,3

 

488,7

 

Marine Harvest Faroe Island

 

168,7

 

24,3

 

28,2

 

Marine Harvest Ireland

 

42,7

 

46,8

 

102,6

 

Sterling White Halibut

 

7.3

 

-8.8

 

1.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total fair value adjustment in the statement of comprehensive income

 

6 105,0

 

1 993,5

 

949,3

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

FAIR VALUE ADJUSTMENT HARVESTED FISH IN THE STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Marine Harvest Norway

 

-2 898,1

 

-1 238,5

 

-1 961,1

 

Marine Harvest Chile

 

- 123,9

 

27,1

 

- 210,9

 

Marine Harvest Canada

 

- 360,3

 

- 9,7

 

- 198,6

 

Marine Harvest Scotland

 

- 822,3

 

- 276,5

 

- 693,7

 

Marine Harvest Faroe Island

 

- 77,7

 

- 17,7

 

- 81,0

 

Marine Harvest Ireland

 

- 41,4

 

- 82,2

 

- 114,8

 

Sterling White Halibut

 

0,0

 

0,0

 

0,0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total fair value adjustment in the statement of comprehensive income

 

-4 323,7

 

-1 597,5

 

-3 260,1

 

 

VOLUMES OF BIOMASS

 

 

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Volume of biomass harvested during the year (gutted weight)

 

344 317

 

393 170

 

343 652

 

Volume of biomass in the sea at year-end (live weight)

 

270 298

 

240 572

 

261 010

 

 

NOTE 7 - INVENTORY

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Raw materials and goods in process

 

849.2

 

364.5

 

357.7

 

Finished goods

 

901.9

 

455.3

 

425.4

 

Total carrying amount of inventory

 

1 751.1

 

819.7

 

783.0

 

 

NOTE 8 — IMPAIRMENT TESTING

 

Goodwill acquired through business combinations and licenses with indefinite lives have been allocated to the CGU’s below.

 

(NOK million)

 

GOODWILL

 

LICENSES

 

CASH GENERATING UNITS

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Marine Harvest Norway Farming

 

1 591.0

 

1 591.0

 

1 591.0

 

3 219.4

 

3 223.0

 

3 225.6

 

Marine Harvest Scotland Farming

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

455.9

 

410.0

 

413.8

 

Marine Harvest Canada Farming

 

23.0

 

22.6

 

23.7

 

456.6

 

448.3

 

470.0

 

Marine Harvest Chile Farming

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 407.6

 

1 289.6

 

1 404.6

 

Marine Harvest Ireland Farming

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

18.6

 

16.3

 

12.6

 

Marine Harvest Faroe Island Farming

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

54.8

 

48.1

 

50.9

 

Marine Harvest VAP Europe

 

568.9

 

502.0

 

531.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Morpol Processing (1)

 

192.1

 

na

 

na

 

423.2

 

na

 

na

 

Marine Harvest Group

 

2 374.9

 

2 115.6

 

2 146.2

 

6 036.1

 

5 435.3

 

5 577.5

 

 

F-26



Table of Contents

 


(1) Including goodwill in farming operations.

 

At year-end 2013 the market value of the Group’s equity was higher than the carrying amount of equity, which is an indication that the market considers the value of the Group’s assets to exceed the carrying amount. Since yearend the market value has continued to increase. For all CGUs the recoverable amount has been determined based on a value in use calculation using cash flow projections based on approved budgets for the first year. The three next years are based on the approved long termed plan. The cash flow projections beyond the fourth year are estimated by extrapolating the projections reflecting steady state operations. The Group has tested both goodwill and licenses in combination in the impairment test. The net present value of the cash flow is compared to invested capital in the CGU. If the carrying amount (invested capital) is higher than the calculated value in use, an impairment loss is recognized in profit and loss in the statement of comprehensive income, reducing the asset value to the calculated value in use. The estimated cash flows are based on the assumption of continued operation as part of the Marine Harvest Group.

 

KEY ASSUMPTIONS:

 

The key assumptions used in the calculation of value in use are harvest volume, EBIT(DA)/margins, capital expenditure, discount rates and the residual growth rates. Please refer to the table below for a summary of the key assumptions for each CGU.

 

Harvest volume:

 

Harvested volume is based on the current stocking plans for each unit and forecasted figures for sea water growth and mortality.

 

EBIT(DA)/Margins:

 

The key profit target for salmon farming and sales is EBIT per kg, while value added operations are measured in terms of EBIT/EBITDA in % of sales. EBIT per kg is highly volatile due to the fluctuations in the price of salmon. Costs can under normal circumstances be forecasted with a relatively high level of accuracy. As Marine Harvest has entered into long term sales contracts for a share of the volume to be harvested in 2014, the margin for 2014 can be forecasted with a higher level of accuracy than the margin for the years beyond (2015-2018).

 

Capital expenditure (CapEx):

 

In the 5 year forecast period, the capital expenditure necessary to meet the expected growth in revenue and profit is taken into consideration. Consistent with the Group’s plan, the capital expenditure level for 2014 is high to further grow the operations. Beyond 2014, capital expenditures are aligned with the growth and replacement plans. Capital expenditure to comply with current laws and regulations has been included. Capex related to committed and approved efficiency improvement programs has also been included to support the inclusion of the benefits in the applied margin.

 

Changes in applicable laws and regulations may affect future estimated capital expenditure needs; this is not reflected in the figures used in the impairment test. Beyond the forecast period capital expenditure will in

 

F-27



Table of Contents

 

general equal depreciation and relate to maintenance investments. The capital expenditure per year in the forecast period exceeds NOK 1 000 million, which is higher than maintenance level and following a plan to develop freshwater and processing operations to capitalize on the market conditions going forward.

 

Discount rate:

 

The discount rates are based on the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) methodology. The cost of debt is based on the risk free rate in the applicable country. In the model, the average of the 10 and the 30 year risk free rate has been used if available. In cases with only one rate available, the relevant available rate has been used. The calculation of the final discount rates (WACC) also takes into account market risk premium, debt risk premium, the gearing and beta value. In the calculations, the Group has applied estimated cash flows before tax and the corresponding discount rates before tax.

 

Residual growth rates:

 

Growth after the 5 year forecast period has in general been set independently for each cash generating unit based on the 5 year average historic inflation rate. The maximum growth rate applied beyond the forecast period is 1.8%. This is lower than the expected growth rates in the first 5 years and lower than the historic growth rate in salmon demand.

 

FURTHER DESCRIPTION OF ASSUMPTIONS FOR CERTAIN CGUs

 

Farming Chile

 

Due to the ISA challenges in the Chilean salmon industry (2007-2009), volumes have been significantly reduced. Marine Harvest’s Chilean farming operation has successfully adjusted to a lower level of activity with good biological performance. A very challenging US market as a result of the supply/demand imbalance caused the Chilean operation to sustain losses in 2013. The market situation improved in the second half of the year and the unit made profit in the third and fourth quarters of 2013. Marine Harvest has decided to increase the number of smolts stocked in the long term plan. As a result there is significant headroom in the impairment test for the farming operation in Chile.

 

SENSISTIVITY

 

With regard to the assessment of recoverable amount, the Group is of the view that no reasonably possible change in any of the above key assumptions would cause the carrying value to materially exceed the recoverable amount for any of the CGU’s.

 

ASSUMPTIONS

 

 

 

Harvest

 

CAGR

 

WACC

 

Residual value

 

 

 

HOG, 2013

 

Volume

 

before tax

 

growth

 

Entity

 

tons

 

2013-2018

 

2014-2018

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Marine Harvest Norway farming

 

222 494

 

3.9

%

1.5

%

8.0

%

8.2

%

7.5

%

1.8

%

1.8

%

1.7

%

Marine Harvest Chile farming

 

28 281

 

16.7

%

1.3

%

8.5

%

9.0

%

7.5

%

1.6

%

1.7

%

1.8

%

Marine Harvest Canada farming

 

33 059

 

3.9

%

8.5

%

8.1

%

8.2

%

7.4

%

1.5

%

1.7

%

1.7

%

Marine Harvest Scotland farming

 

48 389

 

4.4

%

5.0

%

8.4

%

8.6

%

7.7

%

1.8

%

1.8

%

1.7

%

Marine Harvest Ireland

 

5 883

 

11.2

%

8.2

%

8.5

%

10.5

%

13.4

%

1.8

%

1.8

%

1.7

%

Marine Harvest Faroes farming

 

5 665

 

8.2

%

-0.8

%

8.0

%

8.2

%

7.5

%

1.8

%

1.8

%

1.7

%

Sterling White Halibut

 

545

 

17.1

%

15.3

%

8.0

%

8.2

%

7.5

%

1.8

%

1.8

%

1.7

%

Marine Harvest VAP Europe

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8.1

%

8.6

%

9.3

%

1.2

%

1.5

%

1.5

%

Morpol Processing

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9.4

%

na

 

na

 

0.7

%

na

 

na

 

Marine Harvest Asia

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8.0

%

8.2

%

7.5

%

1.8

%

1.8

%

1.7

%

Marine Harvest USA sale and smoked

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8.5

%

9.0

%

7.5

%

1.6

%

1.7

%

1.8

%

Marine Harvest Spain

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

8.1

%

8.6

%

9.3

%

1.2

%

1.5

%

1.5

%

Sum total

 

344 317

 

5.5

%

2.6

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

NOTE 9 - INTANGIBLE ASSETS

 

SPECIFICATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS

 

2013 SPECIFICATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS
(NOK MILLION)

 

Goodwill

 

Licenses

 

Other
intangible
assets

 

Total

 

Acquisition cost as of 01.01

 

4 371.5

 

6 124.3

 

259.1

 

10 754.9

 

Additions in the year as a result of acquisitions

 

190.1

 

422.4

 

80.6

 

693.1

 

Additions in the year

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

16.6

 

16.6

 

Reclassification

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

Disposals / scrapping in the year

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

- 17.3

 

- 17.3

 

Foreign currency adjustments

 

140.8

 

182.7

 

23.4

 

346.8

 

Total acquisition cost as of 31.12

 

4 702.4

 

6 729.3

 

362.4

 

11 794.1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accumulated amortization and impairment losses as of 01.01

 

2 256.0

 

688.9

 

144.9

 

3 089.8

 

Amortization in the year

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

11.8

 

11.8

 

Accumulated amortization and impairment losses at the time of acquisitions

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

12.6

 

12.6

 

Impairment losses in the year

 

3.1

 

0.0

 

2.8

 

5.9

 

Reclassification

 

0.0

 

3.6

 

- 3.6

 

0.0

 

Accumulated amortization and impairment losses on disposals

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

- 7.5

 

- 7.5

 

Foreign currency adjustments

 

68.4

 

0.7

 

12.9

 

82.0

 

Total accumulated amortization and impairment losses as of 31.12

 

2 327.5

 

693.2

 

174.0

 

3 194.7

 

Total net book value as of 31.12

 

2 374.9

 

6 036.1

 

188.4

 

8 599.5

 

 

2012 SPECIFICATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS
(NOK MILLION)

 

Goodwill

 

Licenses

 

Other
intangible
assets

 

Total

 

Acquisition cost as of 01.01

 

4 480.8

 

6 272.3

 

264.8

 

11 017.9

 

Additions in the year as a result of acquisitions

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

Additions in the year

 

0.0

 

12.3

 

6.4

 

18.8

 

Reclassification

 

0.0

 

1.4

 

- 1.4

 

0.0

 

Disposals / scrapping in the year

 

- 2.3

 

- 17.2

 

- 0.7

 

- 20.1

 

Foreign currency adjustments

 

- 107.0

 

- 144.6

 

- 10.1

 

- 261.7

 

Total acquisition cost as of 31.12

 

4 371.5

 

6 124.3

 

259.1

 

10 754.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accumulated amortization and impairment losses as of 01.01

 

2 334.7

 

694.8

 

141.7

 

3 171.1

 

Amortization in the year

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

11.5

 

11.5

 

Accumulated amortization and impairment losses at the time of acquisitions

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

Impairment losses in the year

 

1.1

 

0.0

 

0.5

 

1.6

 

Reclassification

 

0.0

 

2.5

 

- 2.5

 

0.1

 

Accumulated amortization and impairment losses on disposals

 

- 2.3

 

0.0

 

- 0.6

 

- 2.9

 

Foreign currency adjustments

 

- 77.5

 

- 8.4

 

- 5.8

 

- 91.7

 

Total accumulated amortization and impairment losses as of 31.12

 

2 256.0

 

688.9

 

144.9

 

3 089.8

 

Total net book value as of 31.12

 

2 115.5

 

5 435.4

 

114.2

 

7 665.0

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

2011 SPECIFICATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS

(NOK MILLION)

 

Goodwill

 

Licenses

 

Other
intangible
assets

 

Total

 

Acquisition cost as of 01.01

 

4 411.7

 

6 102.9

 

264.4

 

10 778.9

 

Additions in the year as a result of acquisitions

 

33.0

 

114.6

 

0.0

 

147.6

 

Additions in the year

 

4.0

 

0.0

 

4.0

 

8.1

 

Reclassification

 

0.0

 

2.0

 

- 2.1

 

0.0

 

Disposals / scrapping in the year

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

- 0.6

 

- 0.6

 

Foreign currency adjustments

 

32.1

 

52.8

 

- 0.9

 

84.1

 

Total acquisition cost as of 31.12

 

4 480.8

 

6 272.3

 

264.8

 

11 017.9

 

Accumulated amortization and impairment losses as of 01.01

 

2 300.0

 

660.5

 

131.5

 

3 091.9

 

Amortization in the year

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

12.9

 

12.9

 

Accumulated amortization and impairment losses at the time of acquisitions

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

Impairment losses in the year

 

0.0

 

24.6

 

0.0

 

24.6

 

Reclassification

 

0.0

 

2.5

 

- 1.7

 

0.8

 

Accumulated amortization and impairment losses on disposals

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

- 0.6

 

- 0.6

 

Foreign currency adjustments

 

34.7

 

7.2

 

- 0.3

 

41.6

 

Total accumulated amortization and impairment losses as of 31.12

 

2 334.7

 

694.8

 

141.7

 

3 171.1

 

Total net book value as of 31.12

 

2 146.1

 

5 577.5

 

123.1

 

7 846.8

 

 

INTANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS IN CASH-GENERATING UNITS

 

 

 

Goodwill

 

Licenses

 

(NOK MILLION):

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Marine Harvest Norway

 

1 591.0

 

1 591.0

 

1 591.0

 

3 219.4

 

3 223.0

 

3 225.6

 

Marine Harvest Chile

 

 

 

 

1 407.6

 

1 289.6

 

1 404.6

 

Marine Harvest Scotland

 

 

 

 

455.9

 

410.0

 

413.8

 

Marine Harvest Canada

 

23.0

 

22.6

 

23.7

 

456.6

 

448.3

 

470.0

 

Marine Harvest VAP Europe

 

568.9

 

502.0

 

531.5

 

 

 

 

Morpol

 

192.1

 

 

 

423.2

 

 

 

Other units

 

 

 

 

73.4

 

64.4

 

63.6

 

Total for the Group as of 31.12

 

2 374.9

 

2 115.5

 

2 146.1

 

6 036.1

 

5 435.4

 

5 577.5

 

 

Impairment testing is described in Note 8

 

F-30



Table of Contents

 

NOTE 10 — PROPERTY PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

 

SPECIFICATION OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 2013

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

PROPERTY

 

PLANT,
MACHINERY &
TRANSPORT

 

NET, CAGES &
MOORINGS

 

OTHER
TANGIBLE (1)

 

TOTAL
2013

 

Acquisition cost as of 01.01

 

2 504.5

 

6 497.6

 

1 853.6

 

821.4

 

11 677.1

 

Accumulated cost at the time of acquisitions

 

648.3

 

1 118.2

 

- 20.3

 

202.0

 

1 948.3

 

Additions in the year

 

32.6

 

143.1

 

0.2

 

1 788.4

 

1 964.4

 

Reclassification

 

272.2

 

491.7

 

397.6

 

-1 161.5

 

0.0

 

Disposals / Scrapping in the year

 

- 37.9

 

- 272.3

 

- 136.0

 

- 17.3

 

- 463.5

 

Foreign currency adjustments

 

214.4

 

419.6

 

81.7

 

51.2

 

766.8

 

Total acquisition cost as of 31.12

 

3 634.1

 

8 397.8

 

2 176.8

 

1 684.3

 

15 893.3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses as of 01.01

 

1 511.1

 

4 633.0

 

1 068.9

 

352.2

 

7 565.2

 

Accumulated depreciation at the time of acquisition

 

102.4

 

620.0

 

14.7

 

45.9

 

783.0

 

Depreciation in the year

 

107.6

 

430.2

 

190.7

 

22.3

 

750.8

 

Impairment losses and reversal of previous write-down in the year

 

40.4

 

18.0

 

0.4

 

 

58.8

 

Reclassification

 

- 25.7

 

- 29.9

 

83.4

 

- 27.8

 

- 0.0

 

Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses on disposals

 

- 26.3

 

- 254.1

 

- 130.5

 

- 8.6

 

- 419.4

 

Foreign currency adjustments

 

92.0

 

309.2

 

49.8

 

26.8

 

477.8

 

Total accumulated depreciation and impairment losses as of 31.12

 

1 801.6

 

5 726.3

 

1 277.5

 

410.7

 

9 216.1

 

Total net carrying amount as of 31.12

 

1 832.6

 

2 671.5

 

899.3

 

1 273.6

 

6 677.2

 

 

SPECIFICATION OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 2012

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

PROPERTY

 

PLANT,
MACHINERY &
TRANSPORT

 

NET, CAGES &
MOORINGS

 

OTHER
TANGIBLE (1)

 

TOTAL
2012

 

Acquisition cost as of 01.01

 

2 476.5

 

6 476.1

 

2 011.0

 

874.5

 

11 838.1

 

Accumulated cost at the time of acquisitions

 

 

 

 

 

 

Additions in the year

 

5.3

 

35.6

 

0.0

 

694.3

 

735.3

 

Reclassification

 

124.6

 

296.6

 

162.4

 

- 691.7

 

- 108.1

 

Disposals / Scrapping in the year

 

- 19.1

 

- 116.2

 

- 265.1

 

- 20.7

 

- 421.2

 

Foreign currency adjustments

 

- 82.9

 

- 194.4

 

- 54.7

 

- 35.0

 

- 366.9

 

Total acquisition cost as of 31.12

 

2 504.5

 

6 497.6

 

1 853.6

 

821.4

 

11 677.1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses as of 01.01

 

1 476.0

 

4 523.9

 

1 228.8

 

442.8

 

7 671.5

 

Accumulated depreciation at the time of acquisition

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation in the year

 

94.1

 

382.0

 

172.8

 

16.7

 

665.7

 

Impairment losses and reversal of previous writedown in the year

 

0.1

 

- 1.9

 

0.6

 

- 0.0

 

- 1.1

 

Reclassification

 

- 1.2

 

- 2.4

 

- 34.3

 

- 70.2

 

- 108.1

 

Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses on disposals

 

- 13.0

 

- 109.0

 

- 262.5

 

- 19.2

 

- 403.8

 

Foreign currency adjustments

 

- 44.9

 

- 159.7

 

- 36.5

 

- 17.9

 

- 259.1

 

Total accumulated depreciation and impairment losses as of 31.12

 

1 511.1

 

4 633.0

 

1 068.9

 

352.2

 

7 565.2

 

Total net carrying amount as of 31.12

 

993.4

 

1 864.6

 

784.6

 

469.3

 

4 111.9

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

SPECIFICATION OF PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 2011

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

PROPERTY

 

PLANT,
MACHINERY &
TRANSPORT

 

NET, CAGES &
MOORINGS

 

OTHER
TANGIBLE (1)

 

TOTAL
2011

 

Acquisition cost as of 01.01

 

2 050.2

 

6 612.7

 

1 423.9

 

900.0

 

10 986.8

 

Accumulated cost at the time of acquisitions

 

120.5

 

0.0

 

10.0

 

 

130.6

 

Additions in the year

 

17.2

 

64.1

 

 

923.9

 

1 005.2

 

Reclassification

 

316.2

 

15.1

 

619.9

 

- 951.1

 

0.0

 

Disposals / Scrapping in the year

 

- 37.7

 

- 231.8

 

- 77.6

 

- 7.0

 

- 354.0

 

Foreign currency adjustments

 

10.0

 

16.0

 

34.8

 

8.7

 

69.5

 

Total acquisition cost as of 31.12

 

2 476.5

 

6 476.1

 

2 011.0

 

874.5

 

11 838.1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses as of 01.01

 

1 195.9

 

4 615.9

 

863.3

 

427.4

 

7 102.6

 

Accumulated depreciation at the time of acquisition

 

17.4

 

 

8.4

 

 

 

25.8

 

Depreciation in the year

 

107.9

 

380.6

 

151.4

 

13.9

 

653.8

 

Impairment losses and reversal of previous writedown in the year

 

3.6

 

23.9

 

14.9

 

- 0.0

 

42.5

 

Reclassification

 

181.8

 

- 418.0

 

231.2

 

5.0

 

0.0

 

Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses on disposals

 

- 37.2

 

- 98.9

 

- 62.8

 

- 7.2

 

- 206.1

 

Foreign currency adjustments

 

6.7

 

20.4

 

22.3

 

3.6

 

53.0

 

Total accumulated depreciation and impairment losses as of 31.12

 

1 476.0

 

4 523.9

 

1 228.8

 

442.8

 

7 671.5

 

Total net carrying amount as of 31.12

 

1 000.5

 

1 952.2

 

782.2

 

431.7

 

4 167.5

 

 

Estimated lifetime

 

0-20 years

 

5-20 years

 

5-20 years

 

3-5 years

 

 

 

Depreciation method

 

Linear

 

Linear

 

Linear

 

Linear

 

 

 

 


(1) Other tangible includes maintenance equipment and prepayments regarding property, plant and equipment

 

Sale of fixed assets

 

Tangible fixed assets have been sold throughout the year and net gain on sale of assets amounts to NOK 5.6 million in 2013. The corresponding figures for 2012 was NOK 6.5 million and for 2011 NOK 44.3 million.

 

Impairment testing of fixed assets

 

Impairment tests for specific fixed assets are performed when there are indications of impairment.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Contracts

 

At year-end 2013 Marine Harvest had entered into contracts related to the construction of feed factory totaling NOK 162.8 million.

 

NOTE 11 — INTEREST-BEARING DEBT

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Non-current interest-bearing debt

 

3 932.9

 

3 806.1

 

4 944.8

 

Bonds

 

1 239.4

 

 

78.4

 

Convertible bonds

 

2 537.9

 

1 532.4

 

1 566.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total non-current interest-bearing debt

 

7 710.2

 

5 338.5

 

6 589.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current interest-bearing debt

 

686.7

 

377.8

 

157.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total interest-bearing debt

 

8 396.9

 

5 716.3

 

6 746.4

 

 

Financing of the Marine Harvest Group is mainly carried out through the parent company Marine Harvest ASA. External financing in the subsidiaries is only conducted if this is optimal for the Group. Marine Harvest compiled with the covenants at the end of 2013.

 

The following programs are the main sources of financing for the Marine Harvest Group per December 31, 2013:

 

EUR 775 MILLION SYNDICATED BORROWING FACILITY

 

The Group has a syndicated loan facility with an original limit of EUR 600 million. The loan facility was increased to EUR 775 million in 2011. The loan facility consists of a term loan of originally EUR 183 million together with two revolving credit facilities of EUR 512 million and USD 105.6 million.

 

The term loan is repaid in semiannual instalments of EUR 16 million and has final maturity in January 2015, which is also the final maturity for the revolving credit facilities.

 

The revolving credit facilities are available to Marine Harvest ASA and selected subsidiaries. In addition, parts of the revolving credit facilities may be allocated as bilateral credits (including overdraft facilities and facilities for the issuance of guarantees) between syndicate banks and group companies.

 

The syndicated loan agreement sets forth covenants on earnings (net interest bearing debt to EBITDA) and solidity (equity ratio) which has to be met by the Group. For the calculation of net interest bearing debt to EBITDA, the EBITDA is adjusted by a number of items from the reported EBITDA.

 

The maximum ratio of net interest bearing debt to EBITDA allowed under the facility agreement is 3.25 up until the second quarter 2014, and 3.00 from (and including) the second quarter 2014. The equity ratio shall be above 40% at all times. Furthermore, the ability for the Group to take on new debt is regulated by the loan agreement.

 

Net interest bearing debt to EBITDA is also the basis for determining the interest margin.

 

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EUR 350 MILLION CONVERTIBLE BOND

 

In May 2013, Marine Harvest issued a convertible bond loan with a EUR 350 million principal. The loan carries a fixed coupon of 2.375% p.a. payable semi-annually. Unless a prior conversion, the loan will mature in May 2018. There are no installments on the loan. The conversion share price at the end of 2013 was EUR 0.9908, representing an adjustment to the original conversion share price (EUR 1,0265) for dividends paid in 2013. The conversion share price is subject to standard adjustment mechanisms for convertible bonds. From June 2016, Marine Harvest can, under certain market conditions, call the bond at par plus accrued interest. After receiving notice of such call, bondholders may elect to exercise their conversion rights.

 

NOK 1 250 MILLION BOND

 

In March 2013, Marine Harvest issued an unsecured bond with a principal amount of NOK 1 250 million. The bond issue carries a coupon of three month NIBOR plus 3.5% p.a., payable quarterly. The bond is repayable in 2018 with no interim instalments. The bond is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange.

 

NOK 250 MILLION BOND

 

In February 2011; Morpol ASA issued an unsecured three-year bond with a coupon of three month NIBOR plus 5.75% p.a., payable quarterly. Subsequent to debt repurchases and redemptions by Morpol ASA, net bonds outstanding at the end of 2013 were NOK 250 million. The loan was repaid on its maturity in February 2014, and is classified as current interest-bearing debt.

 

NOK 375 MILLION BOND

 

In April 2014, We issued a convertible bond with a principal amount of EUR 375 million. The bonds have an annual coupon of 0.875% payable semi-annually and a conversion premium of 35.0% over the reference price. The reference price was set at EUR 8.7019. Unless a prior conversion occurs, the bond will mature in 2019. The conversion price is subject to standard adjustment mechanisms for convertible bonds.

 

EUR 350 MILLION CONVERTIBLE BOND

 

 

 

Statement of financial
position

 

Statement of comprehensive income

 

NOK million

 

Non-current
interest-
bearing debt

 

Conversion
liability
component

 

Net interest
expenses

 

Net
currency
effects

 

Other
financial
items

 

Initial recognition

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nominal value of convertible bond

 

2 674.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Transaction costs

 

- 29.6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conversion liability component

 

- 378.0

 

378.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Carrying amount on initial recognition

 

2 267.1

 

378.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Subsequent measurement 2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest and currency effects

 

270.8

 

 

 

- 92.7

 

- 222.0

 

 

 

Change in fair value of conversion liability component

 

 

 

182.9

 

 

 

 

 

- 182.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net recognized end of 2013

 

2 537.9

 

560.9

 

- 92.7

 

- 222.0

 

- 182.9

 

 

At initial recognition the nominal value of the convertible bond was split into a liability component and a conversion liability component. The value of the liability component, classified as non-current interest-bearing debt, was calculated using a market interest rate for an equivalent, non-convertible bond. The residual amount, representing the value of the conversion liability component, was classified as other non-current liabilities.

 

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Table of Contents

 

On subsequent measurements the amortized interest is recognized as interest expense and increases the carrying amount of the convertible bond. The conversion liability component is recognized at fair value using an established model for option valuation (Black-Scholes).

 

The EUR 225 million convertible bond issued in 2010 was redeemed/converted in December 2013.

 

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Table of Contents

 

NOTE 12 — FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS IMPACT ON COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

(NOK million)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest expenses

 

-510.2

 

-307.0

 

-333.6

 

Amortized interest cost

 

-130.1

 

-75.8

 

-72.2

 

Interest costs

 

-640.2

 

-382.8

 

-405.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net currency effects on interest-bearing debt

 

-528.5

 

206.9

 

56.3

 

Net currency effects on cash, trade receivables and trade payables

 

105.7

 

1.5

 

-30.2

 

Gain/loss on short-term transaction hedges

 

46.6

 

38.8

 

-8.2

 

Realized gain (loss) on long-term cash flow hedges

 

64.5

 

276.1

 

218.5

 

Net currency effects

 

-311.7

 

523.3

 

236.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest income

 

25.0

 

-0.9

 

13.1

 

Gain/loss on salmon derivatives

 

3.9

 

0.0

 

12.4

 

Change in fair value other financial instruments

 

46.3

 

-145.0

 

-129.9

 

Change in fair value conversion liability component of convertible bonds

 

-516.1

 

-305.3

 

481.2

 

Change in fair value other shares

 

60.8

 

3.8

 

-31.8

 

Dividends and gain (loss) on sales of other shares

 

134.9

 

135.6

 

14.5

 

Net other financial costs

 

-7.1

 

-8.2

 

-16.6

 

Other financial items

 

-252.4

 

-320.0

 

342.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total financial items

 

-1 204.4

 

-179.5

 

173.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flow hedges qualified for hedge accounting

 

-44.3

 

-113.5

 

-141.1

 

 

CASH FLOW HEDGING EQUITY RESERVE

 

(NOK million)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flow hedging equity reserve as of 01.01

 

88.9

 

171.5

 

275.3

 

Change in fair value of cash flow hedges

 

13.5

 

162.6

 

77.4

 

Realised gain (loss) recycled through profit or loss

 

-57.8

 

-276.1

 

-218.5

 

Change in deferred tax

 

13.7

 

31.1

 

38.5

 

Currency translation cash flow hedges

 

0.0

 

-0.2

 

-1.2

 

Cash flow hedging equity reserve as of 31.12.

 

58.3

 

88.9

 

171.5

 

 

All outstanding hedge instruments are evaluated for hedge effectiveness on an on-going basis. Instruments no longer qualifying as hedges are immediately recycled to profit and loss. Amounts recognised as other comprehensive income are transferred to profit or loss when the hedge transaction affects profit or loss.

 

F-36



Table of Contents

 

CATEGORIES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS IN THE STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

 

 

 

Financial assets and liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

31 December 2013
(NOK MILLION)

 

Loans and
receivables, and
liabilities, at
amortized cost

 

Financial
instruments
at fair value
through
profit or
loss

 

Cost

 

Financial
derivatives
qualified
for hedge
accounting

 

Non-
financial
assets and
liabilities

 

Total

 

Non-current assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other shares

 

 

 

125.2

 

6.9

 

 

 

 

 

132.1

 

Current assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Trade receivables

 

3 191.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3 191.4

 

Other receivables

 

673.2

 

130.1

 

 

 

 

 

283.2

 

1 086.5

 

Cash

 

606.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

606.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-current interest-bearing debt

 

-7 710.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-7 710.2

 

Other non-current liabilities

 

 

 

-691.8

 

 

 

-163.6

 

-120.9

 

-976.3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current interest-bearing debt

 

-686.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-686.7

 

Trade payables

 

-2 232.6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-2 232.6

 

Other current liabilities

 

-717.6

 

-17.1

 

 

 

-64.9

 

-1 168.1

 

-1 967.7

 

Total

 

-6 878.3

 

-453.7

 

6.9

 

-228.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair value

 

-7 056.5

 

-453.7

 

6.9

 

-228.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

CATEGORIES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS IN THE STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

 

 

 

Financial assets and liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

31 December 2012
(NOK MILLION)

 

Loans and
receivables,
and liabilities,
at amortised
cost

 

Financial
instruments
at fair value
through
profit or
loss

 

Cost

 

Financial
derivatives
qualified
for hedge
accounting

 

Non-
financial
assets
and
liabilities

 

Total

 

Non-current assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other shares

 

 

 

1 002.0

 

6.6

 

 

 

 

 

1 008.6

 

Current assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Trade receivables

 

1 782.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 782.0

 

Other receivables

 

240.1

 

44.4

 

 

 

123.5

 

184.8

 

592.7

 

Cash

 

335.3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

335.3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-current interest-bearing debt

 

-5 338.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-5 338.5

 

Other non-current liabilities

 

 

 

-329.5

 

 

 

 

 

-85.2

 

-414.7

 

Current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current interest-bearing debt

 

-377.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-377.8

 

Trade payables

 

-1 452.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-1 452.5

 

Other current liabilities

 

-436.6

 

-450.4

 

 

 

 

 

-588.4

 

-1 475.4

 

Total

 

-5 248.1

 

266.5

 

6.6

 

123.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair value

 

-5 334.7

 

266.5

 

6.6

 

123.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

F-37



Table of Contents

 

CATEGORIES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS IN THE STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

 

 

 

Financial assets and liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

31 December 2011
(NOK MILLION)

 

Loans and
receivables, and
liabilities, at
amortised cost

 

Financial
instruments
at fair value
through
profit or
loss

 

Cost

 

Financial
derivatives
qualified
for hedge
accounting

 

Non-
financial
assets and
liabilities

 

Total

 

Non-current assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other shares

 

 

 

60.6

 

31.5

 

 

 

 

 

92.1

 

Current assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Trade receivables

 

1 914.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 914.8

 

Other receivables

 

226.9

 

6.1

 

 

 

237.2

 

139.6

 

609.8

 

Cash

 

279.1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

279.1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-current interest-bearing debt

 

-6 589.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-6 589.4

 

Other non-current liabilities

 

 

 

-24.2

 

 

 

 

 

-75.2

 

-99.3

 

Current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current interest-bearing debt

 

-157.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-157.0

 

Trade payables

 

-1 481.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-1 481.8

 

Other current liabilities

 

-370.7

 

-304.6

 

 

 

 

 

-505.0

 

-1 180.3

 

Total

 

-6 178.1

 

-262.1

 

31.5

 

237.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair value

 

-6 003.8

 

-262.1

 

31.5

 

237.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

There has not been any reclassification between the categories of financial assets or liabilities in 2013, 2012, and 2011.

 

Details regarding criteria for recognition and the basis for measurement for each class of financial instrument are disclosed in note 2—Significant accounting principles.

 

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

 

Fair value of financial instruments carried at amortised cost

 

With the exception of the EUR 350 million convertible bond, the Group consider that the carrying amount of financial assets and liabilities recognised at amortised cost in the financial statements approximates their fair value. Reference is made to note 11 for further information regarding the convertible bond.

 

Fair value measurements recognised in the statement of financial position

 

Financial instruments that are measured at fair value subsequent to initial recognition are grouped into a hierarchy of 3 different levels based on the degree to which the fair value is observable:

 

Level 1: fair value determined directly by reference to published quotations

 

Level 2: fair value estimated using a valuation technique based on observable data

 

Level 3: fair value estimated using a valuation technique based on unobservable data.

 

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ASSETS AND LIABILITIES MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE

 

 

 

 

 

 

31.12.2013

 

 

31.12.2012

 

 

31.12.2011

 

(NOK million)

 

Note

 

 

Level 1

 

Level 2

 

Level 3

 

 

Level 1

 

Level 2

 

Level 3

 

 

Level 1

 

Level 2

 

Level 3

 

ASSETS MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Financial assets to fair value through profit or loss:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other shares

 

22

 

 

119.1

 

 

 

6.1

 

 

59.3

 

 

 

942.7

 

 

60.6

 

 

 

 

 

Other financial instruments

 

 

 

 

72.1

 

28.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

32.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current currency hedges

 

 

 

 

 

 

29.6

 

 

 

 

 

 

11.6

 

 

 

 

 

 

6.1

 

 

 

Financial derivatives qualified for hedge accounting

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

123.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

237.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LIABILITIES MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Financial liabilities to fair value through profit or loss:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conversion liability component of convertible bond

 

11

 

 

 

 

 

 

-560.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

-329.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

-24.2

 

Interest swaps

 

 

 

 

 

 

-132.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

-448.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

-270.9

 

 

 

Current currency hedges

 

 

 

 

 

 

-15.6

 

 

 

 

 

 

-1.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

-33.7

 

 

 

Financial derivatives qualified for hedge accounting

 

 

 

 

 

 

-228.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BOND AT AMORTIZED COST, FAIR VALUE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4 518.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 948.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 416.1

 

 

There have been no transfers between the levels in 2013, 2012 or 2011. Shares listed on Oslo stock exchanges are valued at quoted prices. Other shares are valued on level 3 based on OTC— listing. For specification reference is made to note 22.

 

The market value of derivative instruments is calculated by comparing the terms agreed under each derivative contract to the market terms for a similar contract on the valuation date. To the extent the difference in cash flow resulting from this comparison takes place at a future date, the amount is discounted to represent the value at the valuation date. The market terms are calculated by upload of representative market data into a dedicated third party application.

 

The fair values of the liability component of the EUR 350 million convertible bond is determined by applying the DCF method using discount rate that reflects the groups borrowing rate as at the end of the reporting period. The own nonperformance risk as at 31 December 2013 was assessed to be insignificant.

 

Sensitivity analyses

 

The conversion liability component is valued on level 3, using an acknowledged valuation model (Black Scholes). There is estimation uncertainty related to some of the parameters in the model. Reference is made to note 11.

 

Sensitivity analyses conversion liability component:

 

A 10% increase in share price MHG

 

157.5 million

 

A 10% increase in exchange rate EUR/NOK

 

-85.7 million

 

A 0.50% point increase in risk free interest rate

 

20.5 million

 

 

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NOTE 13 — CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

 

CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

 

Capital management refers to the process of acquiring and utilizing capital in the most efficient manner compared to the available alternatives. The primary objective of the Group’s capital management is to ensure access to capital contributing to satisfactory operations and maximum generation of shareholder values. The Group manages its capital structure and makes adjustments in light of changes in the underlying economic conditions. Access to borrowed capital is continuously monitored and the Group has a continuous dialog with its lenders. The syndicated loan facility sets forth covenants on the financial ratio of net interest-bearing debt to EBITDA and the equity ratio. Marine Harvest complied with the covenants in its loan agreements at the end of 2013 Details relating to the main loan programs in the Group are described in note 11.

 

Marine Harvest intends to maintain an equity base suitable to the characteristics of the operations, taking into consideration that fish farming is a cyclical business. Capital not deemed necessary for further growth will be returned to shareholders as dividends or repurchase of shares. At year-end 2013, Marine Harvest had an equity of NOK 16 346 million. The equity share, defined by equity/total assets, was at the same time 48.5%. Net interest-bearing debt, defined as total interest-bearing debt less cash was NOK 7 797 million at year-end. The Board of Directors of Marine Harvest ASA considers the equity in the Group appropriate for the scale of the operation.

 

A dividend policy has been resolved by the Board of Directors. The policy states that:

 

· The dividend level shall reflect the present and future cash generation potential of the Group.

 

· Marine Harvest will target a ratio of net interest-bearing debt to equity of less than 50%.

 

· When the target level is met, at least 75% of the annual free cash flow after operational and financial commitments will be distributed as dividend.

 

The Board of Directors has further adopted guidelines targeting quarterly dividend distribution, whereby each dividend proposal shall be dimensioned with a view to manage net interest bearing debt around a target level. The target level is dimensioned relative to the scope of the Group’s operations and was set to NOK 5.6 billion in 2013 based on the Group’s operations prior to the completion of the Morpol acquisition and the investment into the feed business. A new target level for 2014 will be resolved in the first quarter of 2014.

 

The Board of Directors of Marine Harvest ASA has been given proxies from the Annual General Meeting in May 2013 to:

 

· Purchase shares in the company up to a maximum total nominal value of NOK 281 125 500 which equals approximately 10% of the share capital.
· Increase the company’s share capital through issuance of new shares with an aggregate nominal value of up to NOK 281 125 500.
· Raise convertible bond loans with a maximum par value of NOK 3 200 million, convertible into a maximum number of new shares equivalent to a total nominal value of NOK 480 million.

 

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Table of Contents

 

In an extraordinary general meeting in November 2013, the Board of Directors were given a proxy to approve dividends up to a maximum amount of NOK 500 million.

 

The Group’s principal financial liabilities, other than loans, consist of convertible and non-convertible bonds, derivatives and trade payables. These financial liabilities constitute the majority of the Group’s third party financing. The Group holds financial assets such as trade receivables, cash and shares.

 

The Group uses financial derivatives, mainly currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and financial salmon futures. The purpose of these instruments is to manage the interest rate, currency and salmon price risks arising from the operations of the Group. With the exception of financial salmon futures, no trading activities in financial instruments are undertaken. On a selective basis, the group also enters into other financial derivatives such as equity forward contract. Marine Harvest ASA has entered into such contracts relating to shares in Grieg Seafood.

 

Details regarding significant accounting policies for financial assets and liabilities are disclosed in note 2 Significant accounting principles.

 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

 

The Group monitors and manages the financial risks arising from the operations. These include currency risks, interest rate risk, credit risk and price/liquidity risk.

 

The Group seeks to manage these risks through operational measures or (where such measures are not available) through the use of financial derivatives.

 

A policy on the management of these risks has been approved by the Board of Directors. The policy includes principles on currency risk, interest rate risk, price risk, the use of financial instruments and other operational means as well as limits on the maximum and minimum levels of these exposures.

 

CURRENCY RISK

 

In the Marine Harvest Group, several business units carry out a large number of business transactions in currencies different from the domestic currency. For the Group, the relative importance of these transactions is substantially larger on the revenue side than on the cost side. To mitigate the potential fluctuation effects on its cash flows, the Group maintains a foreign exchange strategy designated to manage these exposures both in the short and long term. For each of Marine Harvest’s legal units, the Group has defined a hedging strategy. For some units the cash inflow is generated in a currency different from the functional currency.

 

Marine Harvest Norway

 

EUR

Marine Harvest Chile

 

USD

Marine Harvest Scotland

 

GBP

Marine Harvest Canada

 

USD

Marine Harvest VAP

 

EUR

Marine Harvest Faroes

 

DKK

Marine Harvest Cold Water Species

 

NOK

Marine Harvest Asia

 

USD

Morpol

 

EUR

 

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Table of Contents

 

Transaction exposures arise from firm commitments made to transact in a currency different from the main currency. The transaction exposure depends on the duration of the commitment, but will normally be of relatively short duration. Hedging transactions designated to manage transaction exposures are referred to as transaction hedges.

 

Through hedging of transaction exposures, each business unit aims to ensure that its net cash flows in currencies other than its main hedging currency are hedged towards this currency. Cash flow exposures arise from structural imbalances between the main currencies on the revenue side versus the expense side. This imbalance is predominantly a result of production taking place in a country different from where the product is sold. Due to their structural nature, the exposure horizon for cash flow exposures is longer than for transaction exposures and is therefore quantified on the basis of estimates for future revenues and expenses. In this estimation, focus is kept on the underlying currency structure of the individual revenue and cost item and the actual currency in which transactions are invoiced is of lesser importance. Hedging transaction designated to manage cash flow exposures are defined as cash flow hedges.

 

The Marine Harvest Group normally has a net positive cash flow exposure towards EUR, GBP, USD and JPY and a net negative cash flow exposure towards NOK, CAD and CLP. To hedge Group cash flows against exchange rate fluctuations Marine Harvest has a policy for long-term hedging of the most predominant net exposures. The Group currently hedges up to 30% of its’ underlying exposure between EUR and NOK with a horizon of 1year.

 

At the end of 2013 the Group held a portfolio of hedging instruments designated to mitigate transaction and cash flow exposure with a total contract value of NOK 2 828 million. Instruments equivalent to 99% of the contract value mature in 2014 and no instrument matures beyond July 2015. The portfolio had a net negative market value of NOK 35.9 million at year-end.

 

Currency exposure in the statement of financial position

 

As a consequence of the Group’s net cash flows being generated in EUR, GBP and USD, the interest-bearing debt should reflect this currency structure. On 31 December 2013, the currency structure of the interest-bearing debt was 62% EUR, 14% USD, 4% GBP and 20% in other currencies. The portfolio is in line with the current policy. The group however has an ambition to increase the USD proportion at the expense of EUR.

 

CURRENCY STRUCTURE OF NET INTEREST-BEARING DEBT

 

As of 31 December 2013 net interest-bearing debt had the following currency structure:

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

NOK

 

USD

 

EUR

 

GBP

 

JPY

 

DKK

 

CAD

 

PLN

 

Other

 

Total

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

186.9

 

83.1

 

212.7

 

7.3

 

74.4

 

2.3

 

3.9

 

12.3

 

23.4

 

606.1

 

Current interest-bearing debt

 

398.2

 

-63.9

 

280.3

 

-5.0

 

96.8

 

-34.3

 

-26.1

 

30.9

 

9.7

 

686.7

 

Non-current interest-bearing debt

 

1 422.6

 

1 214.7

 

4 687.0

 

354.6

 

0.7

 

30.2

 

 

 

 

 

0.4

 

7 710.2

 

Net interest-bearing debt

 

1 634.0

 

1 067.7

 

4 754.7

 

342.3

 

23.0

 

-6.4

 

-30.0

 

18.6

 

-13.3

 

7 790.9

 

 

The carrying amount of interest-bearing debt has been reduced by NOK 12.8 million in capitalized borrowing costs. With the exception of the EUR 350 million convertible bonds, there are no significant difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of non-current interest-bearing debt and leasing. Details

 

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related to the EUR 350 million convertible bonds and a significant part of the non-current debt are described in note 11.

 

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS—CHANGE IN EXCHANGE RATES

 

On the basis of financial positions and currency hedges in existence as of December 31, 2013, the effect of a 10% change in exchange rate of the following relevant currency pairs has been estimated:

 

Currency pair (NOK million)

 

EUR/NOK

 

USD/NOK

 

GBP/NOK

 

JPY/NOK

 

USD/CAD

 

Effect in NOK from a 10% increase in the value of

 

NOK

 

NOK

 

NOK

 

NOK

 

CAD

 

Financial items

 

288.8

 

-120.2

 

-43.1

 

-13.3

 

-17.2

 

Other comprehensive income

 

167.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

456.4

 

-120.2

 

-43.1

 

-13.3

 

-17.2

 

 

INTEREST RATE RISK

 

Marine Harvest ASA shall hedge 100% of the Group’s non-current interest-bearing debt in its main financing currencies (EUR, USD and GBP) for a period of four years and 50% of the non-current interest-bearing debt in the following five years. The hedging policy is assessed and the portfolio of instruments amended annually in March. The hedging shall be based on the targeted currency composition. At year-end 2013 the Group had a portfolio of interest swaps with a net negative market value of NOK 311.1 million after an increase in market value during 2013 of NOK 137.6 million, recognized through other comprehensive income (where the interest rate swap qualifies for hedge accounting) or profit and loss.

 

The portfolio held at the end of 2013, will ensure the payment of the following weighted fixed rates against receipt of 3 month Euribor/Libor for each of the below currencies and periods:

 

NOMINAL AMOUNT OF INTEREST RATE SWAPS AND WEIGHTED AVERAGE FIXED RATE

 

 

 

Until March 2014

 

March 2014 - March 2015

 

March 2015 - March 2016

 

CURRENCY

 

Nominal value

 

Weighted Fixed rate (2)

 

Nominal value

 

Weighted Fixed rate

 

Nominal value

 

Weighted Fixed rate

 

EUR m

 

341.0

 

2.81

%

341.0

 

2.45

%

567.0

 

3.31

%

USD m

 

215.0

 

2.55

%

215.5

 

2.61

%

216.0

 

2.64

%

GBP m

 

52.5

 

3.03

%

53.0

 

2.82

%

52.5

 

2.91

%

 

 

 

March 2016 - March 2017

 

March 2017 - March 2022

 

 

 

CURRENCY

 

Nominal value

 

Weighted Fixed rate

 

Nominal value

 

Weighted Fixed
rate

 

Market Value 31.12.2013
(NOK million)

 

EUR m

 

566.0

 

2.48

%

283.0

 

2.54

%

-268.3

 

USD m

 

215.0

 

2.64

%

107.5

 

2.41

%

-27.2

 

GBP m

 

47.0

 

2.53

%

23.5

 

2.81

%

-15.6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

-311.1

 

 

A 0.50% point parallel increase in all relevant yield curves will cause a NOK 214 million increase in the market value. A decrease of 0.50% will take some yields below zero and the calculation will only be of theoretical nature. This change would mainly be classified as other comprehensive income. In addition, the fixed rate coupon on the convertible bond as described in note 11 is part of the hedging of interest rate risk in the

 

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Table of Contents

 

Group.

 

CREDIT RISK

 

The Group trades only with recognized, creditworthy third parties. It is the Group’s policy that all customers who wish to trade on credit terms are subject to credit verification procedures. In addition, receivable balances are monitored on an ongoing basis and as a main rule the Group’s trade receivables are fully credit insured. The Group is monitoring exposure towards individual customers closely and is not substantially exposed in relation to any individual customer or contractual partner as of December 31, 2013. The maximum exposure is disclosed in note 17.

 

The Group only enters into derivative transactions with counterparties with an established business relationship to the Group.

 

PRICE/LIQUIDITY RISK

 

The Group is continuously monitoring liquidity and estimates expected liquidity development on the basis of budgets and monthly updated forecasts from the units. Marine Harvest’s financial position and development depend significantly on the spot price developments for salmon, and these prices have historically been volatile. As such Marine Harvest is exposed to movements in supply and demand for salmon. Marine Harvest has to some extent mitigated its exposure to spot prices by entering into bilateral fixed price/volume contracts with its customers. The hedging rate has normally varied between 20 and 50% of Marine Harvest’s sold volume and the duration of the contracts have typically been three to twelve months. To a limited extent such contracts have been entered into with duration of more than twelve months. Furthermore Marine Harvest is reducing its’ exposure to spot price movements through its value added processing activities and tailoring of products for its customers. Other key liquidity risks are fluctuations in production and harvest volumes, biological issues, and changes in the feed price, which is the most important individual factor on the cost side. Feed costs are correlated to the marine and agricultural commodity prices of the ingredients.

 

Marine Harvest’s aim is to maintain a balance between long-term financing and flexibility by using credit facilities, new borrowings and bonds.

 

MATURITY PROFILE OF THE FINANCIAL LIABILITIES AND DERIVATIVES BASED ON CONTRACTUAL UNDISCOUNTED PAYMENTS, INCLUDING INTEREST

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

Carrying
amount

 

Contractual
cash flows

 

Within 1
year

 

1 -2 years

 

2 - 5 years

 

More than 5
years

 

Non-derivative financial liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Syndicated loan

 

-4 124.7

 

-4 264.9

 

-396.3

 

-3 868.6

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

Convertible bond

 

-2 548.3

 

-3 262.4

 

-69.7

 

-69.7

 

-3 123.0

 

0.0

 

Unsecured bond

 

-1 495.7

 

-1 772.4

 

-318.9

 

-64.3

 

-1 389.2

 

0.0

 

Leasing debt

 

-15.8

 

-15.8

 

-4.7

 

-4.9

 

-5.4

 

-0.8

 

Trade payables and other liabilities

 

-2 466.3

 

-2 500.7

 

-2 356.4

 

-19.0

 

-38.3

 

-87.0

 

Derivative financial liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conversion liability component

 

-560.9

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

Interest swaps

 

-311.1

 

-829.4

 

-107.3

 

-166.8

 

-318.9

 

-236.3

 

Cash flow hedges

 

-49.9

 

-37.8

 

-37.8

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

Transaction hedges

 

14.0

 

13.9

 

14.1

 

-0.2

 

0.0

 

0.0

 

Total financial liabilities

 

-11 558.7

 

-12 669.5

 

-3 277.1

 

-4 193.5

 

-4 874.7

 

-324.2

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

NOTE 14—REMUNERATION

 

SALARY AND PERSONNEL EXPENSES

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Salaries

 

-1 766.1

 

-1 635.6

 

-1 582.0

 

Cash bonuses

 

-131.0

 

-112.6

 

-80.5

 

Social security taxes

 

-316.6

 

-256.5

 

-240.6

 

Pension expenses

 

-65.5

 

-78.7

 

-73.7

 

Share price based bonus

 

-65.1

 

-37.3

 

17.6

 

Temporary labor

 

-238.8

 

-232.0

 

-167.5

 

Other benefits

 

-91.1

 

-66.0

 

-51.2

 

Total salary and personnel expenses

 

-2 674.3

 

-2 418.7

 

-2 177.8

 

Average number of employees

 

8 533

 

6 357

 

6 236

 

 

At year-end 2013 there were 10 676 full time employees in the Group.

 

REMUNERATION TO KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONEL

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Salaries and other short-term employee benefits

 

18.9

 

19.9

 

13.8

 

Termination benefits

 

0.0

 

3.5

 

0.0

 

Post-employment benefits

 

2.6

 

2.2

 

1.5

 

Shared based payments

 

12.5

 

1.3

 

6.4

 

Total remuneration to key management

 

34.0

 

26.9

 

21.6

 

 

SHARE PRICE BASED BONUS SCHEME AND SHARE OPTION SCHEME FOR SENIOR EXECUTIVES

 

Marine Harvest Group has a share price based bonus scheme for key employees. The scheme was launched in 2008, and the first bonus payment was in April 2011.

 

OUTSTANDING UNITS / OPTIONS PER
ALLOTMENT

 

2013-allotment
of Call Options

 

2012-allotment
of Call Options

 

2011-allotment
of Units

 

2010-allotment
of Units

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Distributed units / options

 

15 200 000

 

15 500 000

 

30 250 000

 

32 000 000

 

Forfeited units / options

 

 

 

-4 000 000

 

-9 000 000

 

Dividend adjustment

 

544 218

 

554 959

 

4 592 436

 

6 256 437

 

Execution

 

 

 

 

-29 256 437

 

Total Units / options outstanding at year end

 

15 744 218

 

16 054 959

 

30 842 436

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Base value / Strike price December 31, 2013

 

5.4450

 

3.3694

 

6.2581

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Number of employees in the scheme at year end

 

22

 

19

 

46

 

 

 

 

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All Units/Options are presented as of December 31, 2013, before the reverse split of shares (10:1) in January 2014.

 

Share price based bonus scheme — senior executives

 

The Marine Harvest Group has a share price based bonus scheme. The scheme is reserved for the senior executives of the Marine Harvest Group.

 

The main characteristics of the scheme are as follows:

 

·                  The individual entitled to bonus is allotted a number of calculatory units (where each unit corresponds to one share in Marine Harvest) (“Units”) and an appurtenant value (which corresponds to the market price of Marine Harvest’s share + 7.5 %) on allotment (the “Base Value”).

 

·                  Three years after allotment, the individual entitled to bonus will be paid a cash bonus corresponding to the positive difference between the Marine Harvest share’s market value at such time and the Base Value, multiplied with the number of Units.

 

·                  The individual entitled to bonus is obligated to invest the bonus amount after income tax has been deducted in Marine Harvest shares at market price. These shares are subscribed/purchased from Marine Harvest, or purchased in the market. Marine Harvest will cover the individual’s expenses for purchasing the shares.

 

·                  The individual entitled to bonus is obligated to own the purchased shares for a 12 month period following their acquisition.

 

The payment of bonus is conditional upon the individual entitled to bonus being employed in the Marine Harvest Group during the whole vesting period. The bonus amount is, for each individual, limited to two years’ salary. Full adjustment for dividend payments from Marine Harvest ASA, from the date of allotment to the date of maturity, will be made when calculating the bonus for each participant (in accordance with the Oslo Stock Exchange Derivative Rules (A.2.2.8 (1)b)

 

Payment of bonus related to the 2010 allotments was made to 51 senior executives on August 31, 2013 (the “Participants”). The Participants were being paid a cash bonus corresponding to the positive difference between the base value of the units allotted in 2010 and the volume weighted average share price of the Marine Harvest shares on April 19, 2013, being NOK 5.9743 (the “VWAP”) multiplied with the number of units (the “Bonus”). Full adjustment for dividend payments from Marine Harvest, from the date of allotment to the date of maturity, was taken into account when calculating the bonus for each Participant (in accordance with the Oslo Stock Exchange Derivative Rules (A.2.2.8 (1)b)). Furthermore, the bonus was limited to two year’s salary.

 

The Participants were required to use the bonus after deduction for income tax, to acquire shares in Marine Harvest at a price per share corresponding to the VWAP. To effect such settlement Marine Harvest acquired 3,669,797 own shares in the market at an average price of NOK 5.8967 per share and resold them to the Participants on August 21, 2013 at a price corresponding to the VWAP. Marine Harvest had been prevented from settling the bonus earlier due to the price sensitive character of the Cermaq-process and the second quarter 2013 interim report.

 

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Table of Contents

 

SHARE OPTION SCHEME — SENIOR EXECUTIVES

 

In the statement on the principles applicable to the determination of salary and other remuneration to the senior executives in the Marine Harvest Group presented by the board of directors of Marine Harvest to the 2013 general meeting it was disclosed that the Share Price Based Bonus Scheme which was included in this Marine Harvest Group’s total remuneration package had been terminated at the end of 2011.

 

It was further stated that it would be substituted with a comparable scheme based on annual allocation of ordinary options. The main terms of the option scheme, the number of options to be allocated with retrospective effect for 2012 and 2013 and the strike price was described.

 

On August 22, 2013 it was announced that the board of directors of Marine Harvest had approved the final terms of the new scheme and the documentation for the terms thereof.

 

The scheme is based on annual allocations of a number of European call options with a strike price of 107.5% of the share price of Marine Harvest’s shares at the date of allocation. The options have a term of 4 years but will become exercisable immediately if a mandatory bid is made for all of the shares in Marine Harvest or if Marine Harvest is the non-surviving entity in a merger with another company.

 

If the holder of the options exercises the options, the company may settle its obligation through the issue of new shares or, alternatively, by selling treasury shares to the option holder. There will be no lock-up obligation on the shares the option holder receives through the exercise of the option.

 

The exercise of the option is conditional upon the option holder being employed in a non-terminated position in the Marine Harvest Group at the date of exercise.

 

The number of shares and the strike price will be adjusted for dividends and changes in the equity capital during the term of the option according to the Oslo Stock Exchange’s derivative rules. Total profit through the exercise of the option in a year is capped at two years’ salary for the option holder. If the profit exceeds this limit, the number of shares to be issued will be reduced accordingly. The scheme assumes that the board, in March each year, will decide on an allocation of options to the individuals qualified to participate in the scheme.

 

SHARE PURCHASE PROGRAM

 

All permanent employees in Marine Harvest ASA and its Norwegian subsidiaries have in the years 2009 through 2013 had the opportunity to acquire shares in the Company within the scope of the Norwegian Tax Act Section 5-14. These provisions provide this group of employees with the opportunity to receive a tax free benefit of NOK 1 500 in connection with their participation in such a scheme. Most employees are given the opportunity to get the purchase financed through a loan from Marine Harvest ASA, which will be deducted in salary over maximum 10 months. Senior managers are not allowed to finance their share purchase though a loan from Marine Harvest.

 

No other loans or guaranties have been granted to key management personnel. Senior executives are not allowed to finance their share purchases through a loan from Marine Harvest.

 

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Table of Contents

 

PENSION PLANS

 

Pensions are not a significant cost component or obligation in the financial statements.

 

NOK million

 

Pension cost

 

Pension net liability (fund) 31.12

 

MH Norway

 

25.3

 

3.3

 

MH Scotland

 

6.7

 

-11.9

 

MH Canada

 

10.9

 

 

MH VAP Europe

 

6.0

 

26.9

 

Corporate

 

5.2

 

49.0

 

Other entities

 

11.5

 

0.8

 

Total 2013

 

65.5

 

68.1

 

Total 2012

 

78.7

 

56.5

 

Total 2011

 

73.7

 

67.8

 

 

NOTE 15 — TAXES

 

INCOME TAXES FOR THE YEAR IN THE STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Norway

 

-123.0

 

13.8

 

-0.2

 

Foreign units

 

-153.1

 

-51.9

 

-192.8

 

Tax on profits (current tax)

 

-276.1

 

-38.0

 

-192.9

 

Norway

 

-508.7

 

-316.6

 

19.3

 

Foreign units

 

-242.0

 

-34.3

 

126.9

 

Change in deferred tax

 

-750.7

 

-351.0

 

146.2

 

Total income taxes related to profit for the year

 

-1 026.8

 

-389.0

 

-46.7

 

 

RECONCILIATION BETWEEN NOMINAL AND EFFECTIVE TAX RATE

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Profit before tax

 

3 457.4

 

830.3

 

579.5

 

Nominal tax rate

 

28

%

28

%

28

%

Tax calculated with nominal tax rate

 

-968.1

 

-232.5

 

-162.3

 

Non taxable income/loss on sale of shares

 

35.8

 

38.6

 

-0.7

 

Change in value of conversion liability component

 

-144.5

 

-85.5

 

134.7

 

Non taxable income/loss on receivables

 

-60.6

 

 

 

Non taxable income/loss from associated company

 

61.8

 

21.6

 

-3.9

 

Non taxable income/loss on change in market value on financial instruments

 

-1.8

 

0.6

 

 

Non taxable income/loss on change in market value on other shares

 

17.0

 

-1.1

 

8.7

 

Effect of changed tax rate on deferred tax positions

 

87.4

 

-24.7

 

6.8

 

Effect of adjustment of income from previous years

 

-0.8

 

-4.2

 

-22.0

 

Effect of recognition of previously non recognized tax asset

 

1.8

 

-72.7

 

25.0

 

Effect of non recognition of losses and tax assets

 

-98.9

 

-1.0

 

 

Other permanent difference reported by the entities

 

-15.7

 

-4.9

 

-17.7

 

Effect of different tax rate compared to 28%

 

59.7

 

-23.2

 

-15.3

 

Total income taxes

 

-1 026.8

 

-389.0

 

-46.7

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

TAX FOR THE YEAR RECOGNISED IN OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Deferred tax related to income/cost recognized as other comprehensive income

 

13.7

 

31.1

 

38.5

 

Deferred tax related to actuarial gains in other comprehensive income

 

5.1

 

 

 

Total tax for the year recognized in Other Comprehensive income

 

18.8

 

31.1

 

38.5

 

 

TAX PREPAID/RECEIVABLE IN THE STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Tax prepaid/receivable in Norway

 

 

11.5

 

 

Tax prepaid/receivable in foreign units

 

137.0

 

55.5

 

44.2

 

Total tax prepaid/receivable in the statement of financial position

 

137.0

 

67.0

 

44.2

 

 

TAX PAYABLE IN THE STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Tax payable in Norway

 

122.9

 

 

4.6

 

Tax payable, foreign units

 

129.7

 

26.2

 

82.0

 

Total tax payable in the statement of financial position

 

252.6

 

26.2

 

86.6

 

 

SPECIFICATION OF DEFERRED TAX AND BASIS FOR DEFERRED TAX/TAX ASSETS

TAX INCREASING/(REDUCING) TEMPORARY DIFFERENCES

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Non-current assets

 

5 823.7

 

3 887.3

 

5 302.6

 

Current assets

 

7 422.3

 

4 797.0

 

4 314.4

 

Debt

 

-277.3

 

334.2

 

219.0

 

Pension obligation

 

-71.2

 

-50.2

 

-37.7

 

Tax losses carried forward

 

-447.7

 

-677.5

 

-1 703.8

 

Other differences

 

-665,7

 

-24.1

 

492.8

 

Total temporary differences

 

11 784.2

 

8 266.7

 

8 587.4

 

Tax losses carried forward in Norway

 

 

-404.0

 

-1 236.1

 

Other temporary differences in Norway

 

8 422.8

 

6 975.6

 

6 829.0

 

Tax losses carried forward abroad

 

-447.7

 

-273.5

 

-467.7

 

Other temporary differences abroad

 

3 809.0

 

1 968.6

 

3 462.2

 

Total temporary differences

 

11 784.2

 

8 266.7

 

8 587.4

 

 

F-49



Table of Contents

 

TOTAL DEFERRED TAX ASSET/LIABILITIES IN THE STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Deferred tax assets

 

178.8

 

73.9

 

160.1

 

Deferred tax liabilities

 

-3 365.0

 

-2 543.7

 

-2 339.4

 

Net deferred tax in the statement of financial position

 

-3 186.2

 

-2 469.8

 

-2 179.3

 

 

The Group has capitalized deferred tax assets related to tax losses carried forward. This is based on the expectation of probable sufficient earnings in the future, mainly Chile, USA and Germany where the majority of tax losses carried forward are located. The expectations are based on current earnings and approved budgets. In addition substantial deferred tax liabilities linked to non-current assets and current assets are recorded.

 

Deferred tax assets linked to tax losses are offset against deferred tax liabilities in the tax jurisdictions where acceptable.

 

MATURITY OF TAX LOSSES WHERE DEFERRED TAX LOSS IS RECOGNIZED

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

To year

 

Norway

 

Abroad

 

Total

 

2014

 

 

7.7

 

7.7

 

2015

 

 

58.5

 

58.5

 

2016

 

 

15.4

 

15.4

 

2017

 

 

17.3

 

17.3

 

2018

 

 

13.9

 

13.9

 

2019

 

 

5.3

 

5.3

 

2020

 

 

5.3

 

5.3

 

2021

 

 

5.8

 

5.8

 

2022

 

 

6.1

 

6.1

 

2023+

 

 

10.5

 

10.5

 

Unlimited

 

 

301.8

 

301.8

 

Total 2013

 

 

447.7

 

447.7

 

Total 2012

 

404.0

 

273.5

 

677.5

 

Total 2011

 

1 236.1

 

467.7

 

1 703.8

 

 

MATURITY OF TAX LOSSES FOR WHICH NO DEFERRED TAX ASSET IS RECOGNISED

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

To year

 

Norway

 

Abroad

 

2014

 

 

27.5

 

2015

 

 

37.9

 

2016

 

 

9.7

 

2017

 

 

36.9

 

2018

 

 

30.9

 

2019

 

 

0

 

2020

 

 

0

 

2021

 

 

0

 

2022

 

 

0

 

2023+

 

 

3.0

 

Unlimited

 

 

146.0

 

Total 2013

 

 

291.9

 

Total 2012

 

 

379.7

 

Total 2011

 

 

137.1

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

TAX RATES APPLIED (SELECTED COUNTRIES)

 

Country

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Japan

 

40.0

%

40.0

%

40.0

%

USA

 

39.6

%

35.0

%

35.0

%

Belgium

 

34.0

%

34.0

%

34.0

%

Germany

 

33.7

%

N/A

 

N/A

 

France

 

33.3

%

33.3

%

33.3

%

Norway*

 

28.0

%

28.0

%

28.0

%

China

 

25.0

%

25.0

%

25.0

%

The Netherlands

 

25.0

%

25.0

%

25.0

%

Scotland

 

23.3

%

24.5

%

26.5

%

Canada

 

25.8

%

25.0

%

25.0

%

Faroe Islands

 

20.5

%

20.0

%

20.0

%

Chile

 

20.0

%

20.0

%

20.0

%

Poland

 

19.0

%

19.0

%

19.0

%

Ireland

 

12.5

%

12.5

%

12.5

%

 


* Changed to 27% from 2014

 

NOTE 16 - CASH

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Cash in bank

 

439.1

 

246.0

 

213.1

 

Restricted cash / withheld taxes

 

40.3

 

35.9

 

35.1

 

Other restricted cash

 

126.8

 

53.4

 

30.9

 

Cash

 

606.2

 

335.3

 

279.1

 

 

NOTE 17 — TRADE RECEIVABLES AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

 

SPECIFICATION OF CARRYING AMOUNT OF RECEIVABLES

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Trade receivables

 

3 227.9

 

1 799.4

 

1 929.9

 

Provisions for bad debts

 

-36.6

 

-17.5

 

-15.0

 

Net trade receivables

 

3 191.5

 

1 782.0

 

1 914.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Prepayments

 

115.2

 

95.4

 

65.4

 

Cash flow hedges

 

29.6

 

135.1

 

243.3

 

Other

 

945.6

 

362.3

 

301.1

 

Other receivables

 

1 086.5

 

592.7

 

609.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total trade receivables and other receivables

 

4 227.9

 

2 374.7

 

2 524.8

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

AGE DISTRIBUTION OF TRADE RECEIVABLES

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Receivables not overdue

 

2 524.5

 

1 426.3

 

1 661.4

 

Overdue 0-6 months

 

658.4

 

360.3

 

257.7

 

Overdue more than 6 months

 

45.0

 

12.8

 

10.8

 

Total carrying amount of trade receivables

 

3 227.9

 

1 799.4

 

1 929.9

 

 

MOVEMENT IN PROVISIONS FOR BAD DEBT (TRADE RECEIVABLES)

 

At the beginning of 2013, provisions for bad debt amounted to NOK 17.5 million. Provisions amounting to NOK - 0.8 million was considered lost and thus written-off. Adjusted for additional provisions for losses of NOK 17.3 million, as well as NOK 2.6 million in currency effects, the provision for bad debt amounted to NOK 36.6 million at year-end 2013.

 

CURRENCY EXPOSURE TO TRADE RECEIVABLES

 

The Group held trade receivables amounting to NOK 3 191.5 million at year-end.

 

The business units generally complete their sales in the main trading currency in the country of destination. Below the carrying amount of trade receivables per business unit is presented, and an indication of currency is given by reference to the markets where sales from the unit generally are made.

 

BUSINESS UNIT
(NOK MILLION)

 

MAIN MARKETS AND CURRENCY

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Marine Harvest Norway

 

European market (EUR), US market (USD), Russia (USD) and Asia (JPY&USD)

 

758.8

 

619.3

 

596.3

 

Marine Harvest Chile

 

US market (USD), Brazil and Argentina (USD) and Asia (JPY)

 

269.2

 

242.6

 

238.3

 

Marine Harvest Canada

 

US market (USD)

 

24.2

 

16.6

 

26.7

 

Marine Harvest Scotland

 

Domestic market (GBP) and European market (EUR)

 

179.4

 

97.4

 

139.9

 

Marine Harvest VAP Europe

 

Belgium, France and Holland (EUR)

 

737.8

 

642.0

 

728.1

 

Morpol

 

European market (EUR), US market (USD), Great Britain (GBP) and Asia (JPY&USD)

 

980.5

 

 

 

Marine Harvest Other Businesses and eliminations

 

 

 

241.4

 

164.1

 

185.6

 

Net trade receivables

 

 

 

3 191.4

 

1 782.0

 

1 914.9

 

 

NOTE 18 TRADE PAYABLES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Trade payables

 

2 232.6

 

1 452.5

 

1 481.8

 

Other current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Social security and other taxes

 

124.4

 

121.8

 

117.4

 

Accrued expenses

 

672.2

 

385.9

 

332.7

 

Cash flow hedges

 

82.2

 

450.4

 

304.6

 

Other liabilities

 

1 088.9

 

517.3

 

425.6

 

Total other current liabilities

 

1 967.7

 

1 475.4

 

1 180.3

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

CURRENT INTEREST-BEARING DEBT TO FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

First years instalment on debt

 

524.3

 

235.3

 

 

Bank overdrafts

 

85.8

 

45.0

 

154.8

 

Other current interest-bearing debt

 

74.0

 

97.5

 

2.2

 

Current part (1st year) financial leases

 

2.5

 

 

 

 

 

Total current interest-bearing debt

 

686.7

 

377.8

 

157.0

 

 

UNUSED DRAWING RIGHTS

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Unused part of bank overdraft facility (to be renewed within one year)

 

124.8

 

73.9

 

79.1

 

Unused part of bank overdraft facility (to be renewed in more than one year)

 

334.4

 

345.6

 

251.0

 

Unused part of other drawing rights (to be renewed in more than one year)

 

1 313.6

 

1 038.9

 

422.4

 

Total unused drawing rights

 

1 772.9

 

1 458.4

 

752.5

 

 

NOTE 19 — SECURED LIABILITIES AND GUARANTEES

 

CARRYING VALUE OF DEBT SECURED BY MORTGAGES AND PLEDGES

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Debt to financial institutions

 

4 244.2

 

4 036.1

 

5 045.6

 

Leasing debt

 

15.8

 

5.7

 

12.3

 

Total debt secured by mortgages and pledges

 

4 260.0

 

4 041.8

 

5 057.9

 

Guarantee liabilities

 

257.2

 

88.7

 

96.7

 

 

The Group syndicated loan facility has been established with security in current assets, licenses (where applicable), fixed assets and guarantees from some of the entities in the Group. In addition the shares in larger subsidiaries have been pledged in favor of the bank syndicate.

 

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Table of Contents

 

CARRYING VALUE OF ASSETS PLEDGED AS SECURITY FOR DEBT

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Tangible fixed assets and licenses

 

6 644.7

 

6 382.5

 

6 452.1

 

Inventory and biological assets

 

9 114.5

 

6 207.3

 

6 189.0

 

Trade receivables

 

1 294.5

 

985.0

 

1 154.0

 

Other assets

 

5.3

 

7.6

 

3.7

 

Total assets pledged as security

 

17 059.0

 

13 582.4

 

13 798.8

 

 

NOTE 20 — OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

Note

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Net pension obligations

 

 

 

80.0

 

78.8

 

67.8

 

Conversion liability component

 

11

 

560.9

 

329.5

 

24.2

 

Other non-current liabilities

 

 

 

335.3

 

6.4

 

7.4

 

Total other non-current liabilities

 

 

 

976.2

 

414.7

 

99.3

 

 

NOTE 21 - INVESTEMENTS IN ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

 

Associated companies are companies where the Group has a significant ownership interest, ranging from 20-50%, and where the Group is able to exercise significant influence. Associated companies are recorded in the Group statements in accordance with the equity method. None of the companies’ recognized as associated companies are listed companies.

 

ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CARRYING

 

SHARE OF

 

DIVIDENDS

 

OTHER

 

CARRYING

 

 

 

HEAD

 

OWNER-

 

 

 

ACQUISITION

 

AMOUNT

 

PROFIT

 

RECEIVED

 

CHANGES

 

AMOUNT

 

(NOK MILLION) 

 

OFFICE

 

SHIP

 

OWNED BY

 

COST

 

01.01.13

 

2013

 

2013

 

2013

 

31.12.13

 

Nova Sea AS

 

Lovund

 

48

%

Marine Harvest Holding AS

 

269.2

 

594.7

 

210.8

 

-19.2

 

 

786.3

 

Finnøy Fisk AS

 

Finnøy

 

45

%

Marine Harvest Norway AS

 

8.1

 

30.2

 

11.7

 

-1.1

 

18.8

 

59.7

 

Vågafossen Settefisk AS

 

Vikedal

 

48

%

Marine Harvest Norway AS

 

1.3

 

8.2

 

-0.3

 

 

 

7.9

 

Center for Aquaculture Competence AS

 

Hjelmeland

 

33

%

Marine Harvest Norway AS

 

0.2

 

14.0

 

-0.5

 

 

32.8

 

46.3

 

Others

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0.1

 

0.2

 

 

 

 

0.2

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

278.9

 

647.3

 

221.8

 

-20.3

 

51.6

 

900.4

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

(NOK million)

 

TOTAL
REVENUE

 

TOTAL
PROFIT AND
LOSS

 

TOTAL
BIOLOGICAL
ASSETS

 

TOTAL OTHER
CURRENT
ASSETS

 

TOTAL
CURRENT
LIABILITIES

 

2013

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nova Sea AS

 

1 456,5

 

382,2

 

419,6

 

1 497,0

 

1 063,6

 

Finnøy Fisk AS

 

37,6

 

19,8

 

8,8

 

76,0

 

43,4

 

Center for Aquaculture Competence AS

 

10,1

 

- 0,5

 

39,7

 

18,1

 

54,5

 

Vågafossen Settefisk AS

 

25,5

 

0,7

 

1,0

 

28,5

 

12,8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2012

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nova Sea AS

 

1 313,2

 

98,8

 

394,2

 

948,8

 

725,5

 

Finnøy Fisk AS

 

13,0

 

1,3

 

9,6

 

51,2

 

31,8

 

Center for Aquaculture Competence AS

 

67,2

 

2,7

 

14,9

 

4,3

 

15,4

 

Vågafossen Settefisk AS

 

17,6

 

2,2

 

5,3

 

13,9

 

3,1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nova Sea AS

 

927,3

 

130,2

 

401,1

 

834,9

 

627,4

 

Finnøy Fisk AS

 

37,0

 

17,6

 

7,6

 

68,2

 

49,3

 

Center for Aquaculture Competence AS

 

35,9

 

- 0,6

 

48,0

 

7,7

 

54,6

 

Vågafossen Settefisk AS

 

17,9

 

1,6

 

4,8

 

13,7

 

3,6

 

 

NOTE 22 — INVESTMENTS IN OTHER SHARES

 

Shares and holdings where the Group does not have significant influence.

 

SHAREHOLDINGS

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

COMPANY

 

NUMBER
OF SHARES

 

OWNER-
SHIP %

 

ACQUISITION
COST

 

CHANGES IN
MARKET
VALUE 2013

 

CARRYING
AMOUNT
31.12.13

 

Havfisk ASA (1)

 

10 092 923

 

11.9

%

251.0

 

59.8

 

119.1

 

Stofnfiskur

 

10 633 341

 

7.8

%

6.0

 

 

3.0

 

Norway Seafoods AS (1)

 

10 092 923

 

11.9

%

34.1

 

1.0

 

6.1

 

Other shares

 

 

 

 

 

1.4

 

0.0

 

3.9

 

Total carrying amount of other shares

 

 

 

 

 

292.4

 

60.8

 

132.1

 

 


(1) The shares in Havfisk ASA are carried at fair value based on the market price for the shares at the Oslo Stock Exchange at year-end 2013. The shares in Norway Seafoods AS are carried at fair value (OTC list).

 

F-55



Table of Contents

 

NOTE 23 - CONSOLIDATED ENTITIES

 

The consolidated financial statements include the following companies:

 

PARENT COMPANY

 

COUNTRY

 

 

 

Marine Harvest ASA

 

Norway

 

 

 

 

SUBSIDIARIES - NORWAY

 

COUNTRY

 

OWNERSHIP %

 

Marine Harvest Fish Feed AS

 

Norway

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Holding AS

 

Norway

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Ingredients AS

 

Norway

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Labrus AS

 

Norway

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Minority Holding AS

 

Norway

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Norway AS

 

Norway

 

100.00

%

Sterling White Halibut AS

 

Norway

 

100.00

%

Fjord Gadus AS

 

Norway

 

100.00

%

Morpol ASA

 

Norway

 

100.00

%

Waynor Trading AS

 

Norway

 

100.00

%

Jøkelfjord Laks AS

 

Norway

 

100.00

%

Jøkelsmolt AS

 

Norway

 

100.00

%

Jøkelfjord Edelfisk AS

 

Norway

 

100.00

%

 

SUBSIDIARIES - AMERICAS

 

COUNTRY

 

OWNERSHIP %

 

Marine Harvest North America Inc.

 

Canada

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Canada Inc.

 

Canada

 

100.00

%

Englewood Packing Company Ltd.

 

Canada

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Chile S.A

 

Chile

 

100.00

%

Ocean Horizons S.A

 

Chile

 

100.00

%

Cultivadora de Salmones Linao S.A

 

Chile

 

100.00

%

Salmones Tecmar S.A

 

Chile

 

100.00

%

Salmones Lican S.A.

 

Chile

 

100.00

%

Processadora De Productos Marinos Delifish S.A

 

Chile

 

100.00

%

Aquamerica International Holdings S.A

 

Panama

 

100.00

%

Panamerica International Holdings S.A

 

Panama

 

100.00

%

Salmoamerica Corp.

 

Panama

 

100.00

%

Ducktrap River of Maine LLC

 

USA

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest USA Holding LLC

 

USA

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest USA LLC

 

USA

 

100.00

%

Morpol America Inc

 

USA

 

100.00

%

 

SUBSIDIARIES - ASIA

 

COUNTRY

 

OWNERSHIP %

 

Marine Harvest China Co. Ltd.

 

China

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Hong Kong Cy Ltd

 

Hong Kong

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Japan Inc

 

Japan

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Food Service Inc

 

Japan

 

100.00

%

Morpol Japan Co Ltd

 

Japan

 

89.00

%

Marine Harvest Korea Co. Ltd

 

Korea

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Singapore Pte Ltd

 

Singapore

 

100.00

%

Morpol Holdings Singapore Pte Ltd

 

Singapore

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Taiwan Co. Ltd

 

Taiwan

 

100.00

%

Amanda Foods Vietnam Ltd

 

Vietnam

 

100.00

%

 

F-56



 

Table of Contents

 

SUBSIDIARIES - EUROPE

 

COUNTRY

 

OWNERSHIP %

 

Marine Harvest Pieters NV

 

Belgium

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest VAP Europe NV

 

Belgium

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Central and Eastern Europe s.r.o.

 

Czech Republic

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Faroes P/F

 

Faroes

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest VAP France SAS

 

France

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Appéti’ Marine SAS

 

France

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Boulogne SAS

 

France

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Rolmer SAS

 

France

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Lorient SAS

 

France

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Kritsen SAS

 

France

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Rennes SAS

 

France

 

100.00

%

Morpol France SAS

 

France

 

100.00

%

Morpol France Production SAS

 

France

 

100.00

%

Laschinger Seafood GmbH

 

Germany

 

100.00

%

Laschinger Produktions GmbH

 

Germany

 

100.00

%

Belisco Ehf

 

Iceland

 

100.00

%

Comhlucht Iascaireachta Fanad Teoranta

 

Ireland

 

100.00

%

Bradan (Maoil Rua) Teoranta

 

Ireland

 

100.00

%

Bradan Fanad Teoranta

 

Ireland

 

100.00

%

Bradan Prioseal Teoranta

 

Ireland

 

100.00

%

Fanad Pettigo Teoranta

 

Ireland

 

100.00

%

Feirm Farraige Oilean Chliara Teoranta

 

Ireland

 

92.03

%

Fanad Fisheries (Trading) Ltd

 

Ireland

 

100.00

%

Silverking Seafoods Ltd

 

Ireland

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Italia S.R.L.

 

Italy

 

100.00

%

Morpol Italia S.R.L

 

Italy

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest NV

 

Netherlands

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest International BV

 

Netherlands

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Holland BV

 

Netherlands

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Sterk Holding BV

 

Netherlands

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Sterk BV

 

Netherlands

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Poland Sp. z.o.o

 

Poland

 

100.00

%

Morpol S.A.

 

Poland

 

100.00

%

Laurin Seafood Sp. z.o.o.

 

Poland

 

100.00

%

Morpol VAP Sp z.o.o.

 

Poland

 

100.00

%

Morpol Technology Sp. z.o.o.

 

Poland

 

100.00

%

Morpol Transport Sp. z.o.o.

 

Poland

 

100.00

%

MK Delikatesy Sp. z.o.o.

 

Poland

 

100.00

%

Epigon S.A

 

Poland

 

78.00

%

Marine Harvest (Scotland) Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Meridian Salmon Group Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Meridian Salmon Farms Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Meridian Salmon Processing Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Meridian Salmon Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Marine Products (Scotland) Ltd

 

UK

 

80.00

%

Wester Sound Salmon Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Heogland Salmon Company Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

North Isles Seafarms Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Meridian Salmon Farms (Smolt) Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Meridian Salmon Farms (Argyll) Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Ocean Shells Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Seagro Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Marine Farms Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Cod And Shellfish (Scotland) Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Mainland Salmon Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

The Orkney Salmon Company Ltd

 

UK

 

96.80

%

Northern Isles Salmon Ltd

 

UK

 

99.99

%

Lakeland Smolt Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Morpol UK Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Brookside Products Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Migdale Transport Ltd

 

UK

 

50.00

%

Migdale Smolt Ltd

 

UK

 

50.00

%

Sea Products of Scotland Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Lakeland Unst Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Hoganess Salmon Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Lakeland Cairndow Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Sound of Jura Salmon Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Bridge of Faillie Smolts Ltd

 

UK

 

100.00

%

Marine Harvest Spain, S.L.

 

Spain

 

100.00

%

 

F-57



 

Table of Contents

 

NOTE 24 — SHARE CAPITAL

 

SHARE CAPITAL

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Total number of shares (million)

 

4 103.8

 

3 748.3

 

3 581.1

 

Nominal value as of 31.12 (NOK)

 

0.75

 

0.75

 

0.75

 

Share capital (total number of shares at nominal value)

 

3 077.9

 

2 811.3

 

2 685.9

 

Share premium

 

2 954.6

 

779.0

 

54.9

 

 

OVERVIEW OF THE LARGEST SHAREHOLDERS 31.12.2013:

 

 

 

NO. OF SHARES

 

OWNER’S SHARE %

 

Geveran Trading CO LTD

 

1 116 731 234

 

27.21

%

Folketrygdfondet

 

369 387 688

 

9.00

%

DNB NOR Bank ASA

 

116 204 539

 

2.83

%

Clearstream Banking S.A.

 

113 345 944

 

2.76

%

State Street Bank and Trust CO.

 

86 594 750

 

2.11

%

Lansdowne Developed Markets Master

 

80 811 451

 

1.97

%

State Street Bank and Trust CO .

 

77 030 260

 

1.88

%

The Bank of New York Mellon SA/NVT

 

56 411 492

 

1.37

%

Euroclear Bank S.A./N.V. (‘BA’)

 

50 357 958

 

1.23

%

Varma Mutual Pension Insurance

 

40 400 000

 

0.98

%

Verdipapirfondet DNB Norge (IV)

 

35 986 694

 

0.88

%

Statoil Pensjon

 

35 735 271

 

0.87

%

Verdipapirfondet DNB Norge Selektiv

 

34 221 964

 

0.83

%

JP Morgan Chase Bank, NA

 

34 068 196

 

0.83

%

Danske Invest Norske Instit.II.

 

32 003 666

 

0.78

%

State Street Bank and Trust CO.

 

31 075 315

 

0.76

%

West Coast Invest AS

 

30 012 000

 

0.73

%

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.

 

28 172 284

 

0.69

%

State Street Bank & Trust CO.

 

27 846 356

 

0.68

%

J.P. Morgan Chase Bank N.A. London

 

27 763 951

 

0.68

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total 20 largest shareholders

 

2 424 161 013

 

59.07

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total other

 

1 679 616 568

 

40.93

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total number of shares 31.12. 2013

 

4 103 777 581

 

100.00

%

 

F-58



 

Table of Contents

 

Shares are presented as of December 31, 2013, before the reverse split of shares (10:1) in January 2014

 

SHAREHOLDERS PER COUNTRY

 

NO. OF SHARES

 

SHARE %

 

Norway

 

1 425 959 250

 

34.75

%

Cyprus

 

1 158 011 841

 

28.22

%

USA

 

472 415 649

 

11.51

%

Great Britain

 

457 702 377

 

11.15

%

Other countries

 

589 688 464

 

14.37

%

 

SHARES OWNED BY BOARD MEMBERS, GROUP MANAGEMENT AND THEIR RELATED PARTIES AS OF 31.12.2013

 

 

 

NUMBER OF SHARES

 

Board of Directors

 

 

 

Ole-Eirik Lerøy (Chairman of the Board)

 

27 220 000

 

Leif Frode Onarheim

 

325 000

 

Solveig Strand

 

20 000

 

Michael Parker

 

0

 

Cecilie Fredriksen (1)

 

0

 

Tor Olav Trøim

 

5 000

 

Hege Sjo

 

0

 

Turid Lande Solheim

 

8 127

 

Geir-Elling Nygård

 

0

 

Stein Mathiesen

 

5 236

 

 

 

 

 

Total number of shares held by Board members

 

27 583 363

 

 

Group Management

 

 

 

 

 

Alf-Helge Aarskog

 

CEO

 

1 041 482

 

Ivan Vindheim

 

CFO

 

5 236

 

Marit Solberg

 

COO Farming

 

391 055

 

Ola Brattvoll

 

COO Sales and Marketing

 

5 236

 

Ben Hadfield

 

COO Fish Feed

 

49 473

 

Øyvind Oaland

 

R&D Global Director

 

158 238

 

Anne Lorgen Riise

 

HR Global Director

 

2 218

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total number of shares held by Group management

 

 

1 652 938

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total number of shares held by Board members and Group management personnel

 

29 236 301

 

 

 

 

 

Total number of shares held by Board members and Group management personnel in % of total outstanding shares

 

0.71

%

 

F-59



 

Table of Contents

 


(1) Cecilie Fredriksen is a member of the class of Beneficiaries of the Trusts which indirectly control Geveran Trading Co Limited

 

TRS AGREEMENTS AND FORWARD CONTRACTS

 

Geveran Trading Co Ltd (Geveran), which is indirectly controlled by trusts established by John Fredriksen for the benefit of his immediate family, has extended TRS agreements related to 70 million shares in Marine Harvest ASA. The new expiration of the TRS agreement is August 20th 2014. The exercise price on the agreements is NOK 7.8267 per share.

 

Ole-Eirik Lerøy and his affiliate own 57 220 000 shares in Marine Harvest ASA, of which 30 000 000 shares are covered by a forward agreement. This represents a total ownership of 1.39% of the issued share capital. The settlement date of the forward agreement is 6 January 2016 and the purchase price is NOK 7.7164 per share.

 

SHAREHOLDERS RIGHTS

 

There are no current limitations in voting rights or trade limitations related to the Marine Harvest share.

 

AUTHORIZATION TO INCREASE THE SHARE CAPITAL

 

The Board of Directors is granted an authorization to increase the company’s share capital with a total par value up to NOK 281 125 500 represented by up to 374 834 000 shares, with a nominal value of NOK 0.75 per share. The authority also applies to capital increases in connection with mergers pursuant. The authority does not define the purpose(s) of such capital increase. The authority expires at the AGM in 2014.

 

POWER OF ATTERNEY TO REPURCHASE OWN SHARES

 

The Board is granted a power of attorney to purchase shares in the Company up to a maximum total nominal par value of NOK 281 125 500, which equals approx. 10% of the current share capital in the secondary market during the period up until the AGM 2014. The shares may be purchased at a maximum price of NOK 12 per share and a minimum price corresponding to their nominal value, NOK 0.75 per share.

 

F-60



 

Table of Contents

 

NOTE 25 — EARNINGS PER SHARE

 

EARNINGS PER SHARE/DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Profit for the year attributable to owners of Marine Harvest ASA

 

2 515.1

 

437.3

 

527.2

 

Number of shares as of 31 December (million)

 

4 103.8

 

3 748.3

 

3 581.1

 

Time-weighted average of shares issued and outstanding (million)

 

3 775.2

 

3 586.4

 

3 579.3

 

Average diluted number of shares (million)

 

3 779.1

 

3 930.1

 

3 922.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

= Earnings per share (NOK)

 

0.67

 

0.12

 

0.15

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

= Diluted earnings per share (NOK)

 

0.67

 

0.12

 

0.15

 

 

All figures are presented as of December 31, 2013, before the reverse split of shares (10:1) in January 2014.

 

Basic EPS is calculated on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period.

 

Convertible bonds that are “in the money” are considered to have a dilutive effect if EPS is reduced when assuming a full conversion into shares at the beginning of the period and reversing all its effects on earnings for the period. On the other hand, if the effect of the above increases EPS, the bond is considered anti-dilutive, and is then not included in diluted EPS. The adjustments to earnings are interest expenses, currency gains/losses, changes in fair value of the equity conversion option and estimated taxes.

 

The equity conversion option on the convertible bond was not “in the money” at the end of the reporting period, and diluted effect has not been calculated.

 

Avarage diluted number of shares is affected by the share price based bonus call options.

 

NOTE 26 — RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

SHAREHOLDERS

 

Geveran Trading Co Ltd is indirectly controlled by trusts established by John Fredriksen for the benefit of his immediate family.

 

At year-end 2013 Geveran Trading’s affiliated ownership in Marine Harvest was 1 116 731 234 shares, constituting 27.21% of the total share capital and TRS agreements with an underlying net exposure to 70 million shares.

 

TRANSACTIONS WITH ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

 

The figures presented below are with associated companies, mainly Nova Sea AS, Finnøy Fisk AS, Vågafossen Settefisk AS and Center for Aquaculture Competence AS.

 

RELATED PARTY TRADE TRANSACTIONS

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue

 

5.6

 

18.9

 

15.1

 

Purchase

 

-118.3

 

-140.2

 

-67.3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Trade receivables

 

14.9

 

-0.3

 

8.5

 

Trade payables

 

21.5

 

22.6

 

35.7

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

NOTE 27 — CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND PROVISIONS

 

DISPUTE IN CHILE CONCERNING TERMINATION OF A REARING CONTRACT

 

An arbitration award has been issued in favor of Salmones Sur Austral S.A., ordering Marine Harvest Chile S.A. to pay an indemnification of USD 12.3 million (NOK 74.4 million). The sentence has been appealed.

 

Marine Harvest Chile S.A. has made a provision of USD 12.3 million in the financial statements. In addition, a provision of USD 0.7 million has been made for legal expenses, covering the legal expenses of both this case and the case below (Lawsuit against former managing director of Marine Harvest Chile).

 

On March 6, 2014, Salmones Sur Austral S.A. initiated collection procedures, asking for the payment of the USD 12.3 million awarded in the arbitration case. The court granted Salmones Sur Austral S.A.’s request to seize biomass owned by Marine Harvest Chile at two sites, Chequián and Peldehue. Marine Harvest has opposed the collection procedures and the seizure of the assets, alleging lack of jurisdiction of the court, and has also requested court authorization to release the fish for sale, on the condition that the proceeds from such sale be deposited in escrow. Permission to harvest the fish was granted on April 25. The proceeds from the sale will be deposited in escrow up to an amount of USD 6.4 million per site.

 

LAWSUIT AGAINST FORMER MANAGING DIRECTOR OF MARINE HARVEST CHILE S.A. AND OTHERS

 

Marine Harvest Chile S.A. has filed a lawsuit against its former Managing Director, Mr. Álvaro Jiménez, for breach of his duties towards the company, claiming that he authorized sale of smolt and a rearing contract with Salmones Sur Austral S.A, without informing the company, while he had a personal economic interest in the results of it.

 

Marine Harvest Chile S.A. claims that Jiménez took a business opportunity that belonged to the company; that he used his position and knowledge of confidential information to benefit himself and others; and that he used the company’s assets for his own benefit using a deceitful scheme. Marine Harvest Chile S.A. is asking for reimbursement of all the proceeds obtained by Jiménez in this fraudulent venture, which are estimated at USD 7.5 million, and the indemnification of all damages.

 

Marine Harvest Chile S.A. has also extended the claim for damages to Mr. Fernando Toro, legal representative of Salmones Sur Austral S.A who signed the contracts with Jiménez, and Mr. Francisco Ariztía, one of the main shareholders in Salmones Sur Austral S.A., who aided Jiménez in structuring and implementing the deceitful scheme, and the respective companies owned by Jiménez, Toro and Ariztía, which were used as legal vehicles.

 

The claims made by Marine Harvest Chile S.A. amount to a total of USD 17 million.

 

POSSIBLE FINE DUE TO PRODUCTION OF SMOLT IN NORWAY EXCEEDING THE FORMAL PERMIT LEVEL

 

Marine Harvest Norway AS is under investigation for production of smolt exceeding the formal permit level.

 

Marine Harvest Norway AS has recognized a provision of NOK 0.5 million in the financial statements.

 

EU INVESTIGATION — POSSIBLE INFRINGEMENT OF THE SUSPENSION OBLIGATION, MORPOL ACQUISITION

 

After having approved our takeover of Morpol on September 30, 2013, the European Commission has informed us that it is began investigating whether we have committed an infringement of the suspension obligation and of the notification requirement under the European Merger Regulation by acquiring an initial shareholding in Morpol, before the related acquisition was notified to and approved by the European Commission. The investigation proceedings do not affect the approval granted by the European Commission for our acquisition of Morpol, but may lead to a monetary fine for the infringement of the suspension obligation and of the notification requirement under the European Merger Regulation. At this point, we cannot estimate the ultimate financial impact resulting from the European investigation and no provision has been recognized in the financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

 

OTHER CASES

 

Marine Harvest is routinely involved in various legal matters arising from the normal course of business for which no material provision has been made in the financial statements. While the outcome of these proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that these proceedings, when resolved, will not have any material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, or liquidity.

 

NOTE 28 — OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES

 

SPECIFICATION OF OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Maintenance

 

720.1

 

647.2

 

577.3

 

Electricity and fuel

 

329.6

 

304.6

 

278.6

 

Rent and leases

 

287.4

 

236.9

 

199.5

 

Third party services

 

240.1

 

180.8

 

248.0

 

Insurance

 

136.5

 

136.1

 

122.8

 

Consultancy fees

 

194.4

 

99.0

 

117.4

 

IT costs

 

118.3

 

91.4

 

85.1

 

Travel cost

 

102.9

 

80.2

 

74.2

 

Sales and marketing costs

 

78.1

 

50.9

 

52.0

 

Other operating costs

 

374.5

 

336.5

 

308.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total other operating expenses

 

2 581.9

 

2 163.6

 

2 063.2

 

 

NOTE 29 — OPERATING LEASES

 

FUTURE PAYMENTS FOR OPERATING LEASES

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

Gross amount payable within 1 year

 

401.7

 

307.8

 

410.2

 

Gross amount payable within 1-5 years

 

598.7

 

444.0

 

507.1

 

Gross amount payable after 5 years

 

57.1

 

81.9

 

72.1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total gross amount payable

 

1 057.5

 

833.8

 

989.4

 

 

MAJOR LEASING AGREEMENTS AS OF 31 DECEMBER

 

 

 

WELLBOATS 2013

 

WELLBOATS 2012

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

NORWAY

 

SCOTLAND

 

NORWAY

 

SCOTLAND

 

Gross amount payable within 1 year

 

252.5

 

40.2

 

230.1

 

46.7

 

Gross amount payable within 1-5 years

 

333.1

 

23.1

 

384.0

 

 

 

FUTURE INCOME FOR OPERATING SUBLEASES

 

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total future income for operating subleases

 

 

 

177.9

 

 

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OPERATING LEASES AND SUBLEASES

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating leases expensed

 

-301.1

 

-175.9

 

-208.7

 

Income from operating subleases

 

10.4

 

11.0

 

24.6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total net operating leases

 

-290.7

 

-165.0

 

-184.2

 

 

NOTE 30 — RESTRUCTURING

 

SPECIFICATION OF RESTRUCTURING PROVISION

 

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Provision 01.01.

 

10.6

 

26.2

 

20.6

 

New provision in the year

 

285.3

 

0.8

 

23.4

 

Utilized provision

 

-49.4

 

-15.8

 

-18.4

 

Currency adjustment

 

17.4

 

-0.5

 

0.6

 

Provision 31.12.

 

263.9

 

10.6

 

26.2

 

 

During the second quarter of 2013 restructuring initiatives in VAP Europe and in the Chilean smoked salmon unit were launched. The initiatives include reducing the number of processing sites in Europe from 13 to eight and closure of the Chilean smoked salmon operations.

 

NOTE 31 — RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

 

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS

 

(NOK MILLION)

 

2013

 

2012

 

2011

 

R&D costs

 

98.4

 

58.4

 

36.5

 

 

In addition a fee of 0.3% of Marine Harvest Norway’s export value is paid to the Norwegian Seafood Research Fund (NOK 23.4 million for 2013).

 

NOTE 32 — AUDITORS FEE

 

FEE TO AUDITORS 2013
(NOK MILLION)

 

ERNST & YOUNG

 

OTHER APPOINTED
AUDITORS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Audit services

 

10.1

 

0.1

 

Other attestation services

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tax advisory services

 

0.1

 

0.2

 

Other non-audit fees

 

10.4

 

0.1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total fees for 2013 (1)

 

20.7

 

0.4

 

 


(1)         The significant increase in fees in 2013 is related to the listing on New York Stock Exchange.

 

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FEE TO AUDITORS 2012
(NOK MILLION)

 

ERNST & YOUNG

 

OTHER APPOINTED
AUDITORS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Audit services

 

7.6

 

 

Other attestation services

 

0.1

 

 

Tax advisory services

 

0.3

 

 

Other non-audit fees

 

0.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total fees for 2012

 

9.0

 

 

 

FEE TO AUDITORS 2011
(NOK MILLION)

 

ERNST & YOUNG

 

OTHER APPOINTED
AUDITORS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Audit services

 

7.9

 

 

Other attestation services

 

0.1

 

 

Tax advisory services

 

1.0

 

 

Other non-audit fees

 

0.4

 

0.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total fees for 2011

 

9.3

 

0.2

 

 

Auditor’s fee is stated exclusive value added tax.

 

NOTE 33 — NEW IFRS STANDARDS

 

NEW STANDARDS AND AMENDMENTS ADOPTED IN 2013:

 

Amendments to IAS 1 — Presentation of financial statements

 

Presentation of groups of items in other comprehensive income (OCI) based on whether the items can be reclassified (or recycled) to profit or loss at a future point in time. The amendment affected presentation only.

 

Amendments to IAS 19 — Employee benefits

 

The impact for the Group will is that all actuarial gains and losses are recognized in OCI and not in profit or loss. As defined benefit plans not are material for the Group, these changes are recognized in the fourth quarter only.

 

IFRS 13 — Fair value measurement

 

IFRS 13 establishes a single source of guidance under IFRS for all fair value measurements. The application of IFRS 13 has not impacted the fair value measurements carried out by the Group. Extended disclosures are included for shares in Morpol ASA (note 7), biological assets (note 5) and Convertible bonds (note 9).

 

IFRS 10 - Consolidated financial statements

 

IFRS 10 replaces part of IAS 27 and SIC 12, and established a signle control model that applies to all entities including special purpose entities. The change in IFRS 10 require management to exercise significant judgment to determine which companies are controlled, and therefore, are required to be consolidated. The Group has concluded that IFRS 10 does not impact the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

 

IFRS 12 - Disclosure of interest in other entities

 

IFRS 12 includes all of the disclosures that were previously in IAS 27 related to consolidated financial statements, as well as all of the disclosures that were previously included in IAS 31 and IAS 28. Several new disclosures are required and additional disclosures, as appropriate, are included in the Group’s 2013 annual financial statements.

 

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NEW STANDARDS — NOT YET IMPLEMENTED:

 

At the end of 2013, there are new standards/interpretations and amendments to existing standards/interpretations that are not yet effective, but will be relevant for the Marine Harvest Group at implementation:

 

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments

 

IFRS 9 will replace the classification and measurement rules in IAS 39 Financial Instruments- Recognition and measurement for financial instruments.  The standard was initially effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1. January 2013, but the mandatory effective date is postponed to 2018. The group has not finalized its deliberations on the effects of the implementation of IFRS 9, but does not expect that the new standard will have material impact on the measurement of financial assets and liabilities.

 

NOTE 34 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

AGREEMENT TO DIVEST UK FARMING ASSETS

 

On March 27, 2014 Marine Harvest announced an agreement to divest its integrated farming operations on the Shetland and Orkney Islands to Cooke Aquaculture Inc.

 

The operations have a combined estimated harvest volume of 17.4 thousand tons GWE for 2014. The agreed enterprise value (EV) is GBP 122.5 million. The transaction is expected to result in a gain for the Group, but the final value will be determined upon completion of the transaction.

 

The agreement is conditional on the EU Commission approving that the purchaser, the transaction as well as the sales terms satisfy the remedies agreed in the approval of the Morpol acquisition.

 

The majority of the assets included in the transaction are classified as Assets held for sale as of December 31, 2013, please refer to note 5 Business combinations, assets held for sale and discontinued operations.  The closing of the transaction is expected to be in the second quarter of 2014.

 

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