S-1/A 1 d273299ds1a.htm AMENDMENT NO. 5 TO FORM S-1 Amendment No. 5 to Form S-1
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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 20, 2012

Registration No. 333-178790

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

 

 

Amendment No. 5 to

Form S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

EDGEN GROUP INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   5051   38-3860801

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

 

(Primary Standard Industrial

Classification Code Number)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

18444 Highland Road

Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70809

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

 

Daniel J. O’Leary

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

18444 Highland Road

Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70809

(225) 756-9868

(Name, address including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

 

With copies to:

 

Carmen J. Romano, Esq.

Eric S. Siegel, Esq.

Dechert LLP

Cira Centre

2929 Arch Street

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104

(215) 994-4000

 

Marc D. Jaffe, Esq.

William N. Finnegan IV, Esq.

Divakar Gupta, Esq.

Latham & Watkins LLP

811 Main Street, Suite 3700

Houston, Texas 77002

(713) 546-5400

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are being offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box:  ¨

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer   ¨    Accelerated filer   ¨
Non-accelerated filer   x  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    Smaller reporting company   ¨

 

 

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 


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The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell the securities described herein until the registration statement related to such securities filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is declared effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell the securities described herein and we are not soliciting an offer to buy such securities in any state where such offer or sale is not permitted.

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED APRIL 20, 2012

 

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

15,000,000 Shares

 

LOGO

Class A Common Stock

This is the initial public offering of the Class A common stock of Edgen Group Inc. We are offering 15,000,000 shares of Class A common stock. We expect the initial public offering price to be between $14 and $16 per share.

Following this offering, we will have two classes of authorized common stock, Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Each share of Class A common stock will be entitled to one vote per share. Each share of Class B common stock will be entitled to one vote per share and will have no economic rights. Outstanding shares of Class B common stock will represent approximately 58% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock following this offering, all of which will be held by entities controlled by affiliates of Jefferies Capital Partners.

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our Class A common stock. We have been authorized to list our Class A common stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “EDG.”

Investing in our Class A common stock involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 26 of this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body or commission has approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

     Per Share      Total  

Public offering price

   $                    $                

Underwriting discounts and commissions

   $         $     

Proceeds to Edgen Group Inc. (before expenses)

   $         $     

We have granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 2,250,000 shares of Class A common stock at the public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions, to cover over-allotments, if any.

The underwriters expect to deliver the shares on or about                     , 2012.

 

Jefferies   Morgan Stanley    Citigroup

 

Stephens Inc.   Tudor, Pickering, Holt & Co.   BB&T Capital Markets   HSBC

                    , 2012


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LOGO


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

     ii   

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA

     ii   

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

     1   

THE OFFERING

     15   

SUMMARY HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED AND UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

     17   

SUMMARY UNAUDITED PRELIMINARY FIRST QUARTER 2012 FINANCIAL DATA

     22   

RISK FACTORS

     26   

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

     45   

USE OF PROCEEDS

     46   

DIVIDEND POLICY

     47   

CAPITALIZATION

     48   

DILUTION

     50   

SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

     52   

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

     54   

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

     68   

BUSINESS

     98   

THE REORGANIZATION

     117   

MANAGEMENT

     123   

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

     128   

PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS

     145   

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PERSON TRANSACTIONS

     148   

DESCRIPTION OF OUR CAPITAL STOCK

     152   

SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

     156   

MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS FOR NON-UNITED STATES HOLDERS

     158   

UNDERWRITING (CONFLICTS OF INTEREST)

     161   

LEGAL MATTERS

     166   

EXPERTS

     166   

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

     167   

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

     F-1   

 

 

 

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

All information in this prospectus assumes that the underwriters do not exercise their 30-day option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock from us, unless otherwise indicated.

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus, including any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us. Neither we nor the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus may only be used where it is legal to sell the securities described herein. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date. You should not, under any circumstances, construe the delivery of this prospectus or any sale made hereunder to imply that the information in this prospectus is correct as of any date subsequent to the date on the front cover of this prospectus.

For investors outside the U.S.: Neither we, nor any of the underwriters, have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the U.S. You are required to inform yourselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the U.S.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA

This prospectus contains estimates regarding market data which are based on our internal estimates, independent industry publications, reports by market research firms and/or other published independent sources. In each case, we believe and act as if those estimates are accurate, reasonable and reliable but have not independently verified the accuracy of any such third party information. However, market data is subject to change and cannot always be verified with complete certainty due to limits on the availability and reliability of raw data, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process and other limitations and uncertainties inherent in any statistical survey of market data.

 

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

The following summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus and does not contain all of the information you should consider before investing in our common stock. You should read carefully the following summary together with the rest of this prospectus, including the consolidated financial statements of our predecessor Edgen Murray II, L.P., or EM II LP, and of Bourland & Leverich Holdings LLC, or B&L, and the combined financial statements of B&L’s predecessor, Bourland & Leverich Holding Company, or B&L Predecessor, and related notes to those statements, our unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information and related notes and the section entitled “Risk Factors.” Some of the statements in the following summary are forward-looking statements. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements.”

Edgen Group Inc., or Edgen Group, was incorporated in December 2011. Prior to the completion of this offering, Edgen Group will become the holding company for our operating subsidiaries, including the businesses of EM II LP and B&L, in a transaction we refer to as the Reorganization and, as our new parent holding company, will serve as the issuer in this offering. See “The Reorganization.” We expect that the Reorganization and, in particular, the integration of B&L’s business into our business, will significantly increase our size and materially change our operations. As a result, except in circumstances where the context indicates otherwise, we have described our business throughout this prospectus assuming that the Reorganization, including the integration of B&L’s business into our existing business, has already occurred.

Unless we state otherwise, “the Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar terms, refer to Edgen Group and, where appropriate, its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, and assume and give effect to the Reorganization, including the integration of the businesses of EM II LP and B&L into our operations. Unless otherwise noted, when we present historical financial information in this prospectus, such financial information represents the consolidated financial statements of our predecessor, EM II LP and its consolidated subsidiaries, as well as their predecessors, or B&L Predecessor and its consolidated subsidiaries, as well as their predecessors, as applicable. When we present financial information on a pro forma basis, such financial information assumes and gives effect to the Reorganization, among other things. See “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.”

Our Company

We are a leading global distributor of specialty products to the energy sector, including steel pipe, valves, quenched and tempered and high yield heavy plate and related components. We primarily serve customers that operate in the upstream (conventional and unconventional oil and natural gas exploration, drilling and production of oil and natural gas in both onshore and offshore environments), midstream (gathering, processing, fractionation, which is the process by which the individual chemical components of oil and natural gas are separated from a single stream, transportation and storage of oil and natural gas) and downstream (refining and petrochemical applications) end-markets for oil and natural gas. We also serve power generation, civil construction and mining applications, which have a similar need for our technical expertise in specialized steel and specialty products. Based on communications with our customers, we believe customers in all of these end-markets increasingly demand the products we supply in the build-out and maintenance of infrastructure that is required when the extraction, handling and treatment of energy resources becomes more complex and technically challenging. We source and distribute from our global network of more than 800 suppliers steel components that we believe are of premium quality and are highly engineered. We have sales and distribution operations in 15 countries serving over 2,000 customers who rely on our supplier relationships, procurement ability, stocking and logistical support for the timely provision around the world of the products we supply. For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, we achieved pro forma sales of $1.7 billion and $1.3 billion, pro forma net income of $2.1 million and pro forma net loss of $71.8 million and pro forma earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, of $123.3 million and $22.6 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 our predecessor’s sales were $911.6 million, $627.7 million and $773.3 million, respectively, and our predecessor’s net loss

 

 

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was $24.5 million, $98.3 million and $20.9 million, respectively. For a reconciliation of our net income to our non-GAAP measure of EBITDA, please see “Summary Historical Consolidated and Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.”

Our Market

Our business is driven largely by global demand for energy, in particular by the levels of upstream, midstream and downstream oil and natural gas related activity, with over 93% of our pro forma sales during the year ended December 31, 2011 derived from customers operating within the energy sector. As demand increases for energy, our customers typically increase their capital spending on infrastructure, which results in increased demand for the specialty products we supply. We believe that capital expenditures in our end-markets have substantially increased based on our observation of significant drilling activity in unconventional resources such as oil sands and oil and natural gas shales, new onshore and offshore drilling rig construction, maintenance and expansion of oil and natural gas gathering and transmission networks and continued investment in maintenance and construction of downstream facilities, including refineries. We believe the following factors in particular will continue to support spending in the end-markets we serve, and, in turn, drive demand for the specialized steel products that we supply (although there can be no assurance that we will actually benefit from any of the following factors):

 

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Increasing global demand for energy. It is anticipated that global energy consumption will continue to increase and that additional oil and natural gas production will be required to meet this demand. Growth in global energy consumption is being driven, in part, by the continued development and industrialization of countries not part of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, or OECD. As a supplier of specialized products to companies across the global energy supply chain, we believe we will benefit from these demand trends, as we believe such trends will spur significant investment in energy infrastructure.

 

  n  

Continued requirement for additional oil and natural gas drilling activity. The oil and natural gas industry is investing significantly in the development of previously underexploited resources of oil and natural gas to meet existing, and anticipated growth in, global demand for energy. In particular, the development of onshore unconventional resources, such as the U.S. shales, Canadian oil sands and Australian coalbed methane, or CBM, and global deepwater drilling activity in areas such as West Africa and offshore Brazil, have led to significant additional drilling activity. We believe that such activity will support increased demand for the products we supply and services we provide.

 

  n  

Continued investment in oil and natural gas gathering and transmission capacity. Many of the world’s oil and natural gas-producing regions experiencing growth in drilling activity lack sufficient pipeline, processing, fractionation, treatment or storage infrastructure. We expect that as production from new oil and natural gas developments increases, additional investments in oil and natural gas gathering and transmission capacity will be required. At the same time, many existing transmission networks are aging, necessitating increased maintenance and repair. We believe that we will benefit from increased demand for many of the specialized components that are needed for the construction and maintenance of these transmission systems.

 

  n  

Continued and expected increases in downstream refining activity. The continued industrialization of emerging economies such as those of China and India, as well as the recovery of the global economy, is expected to result in increased demand for refined petroleum and petrochemical products. This increased demand should in turn result in increasing downstream activity and investment, particularly in the refining sector. Because these refineries require the use of products that are designed to withstand extreme temperatures and pressures and corrosive conditions, we believe that anticipated future demand from this end-market will stimulate future demand for the specialized steel products that we supply.

 

  n  

Growing global investment in power generation capacity. Substantial new electricity generation capacity will be required as developing economies experience rapid population growth and industrialization. Additionally, many developed economies continue to enact regulations that promote cleaner sources of energy and the retirement or refurbishment of older power generation capacity. This increased regulation tends to drive the construction of new power generation sources or capital expenditures to refurbish older power generation sources. We believe that the increased global demand for electricity and the focus on developing cleaner sources of energy will drive demand for the specialty products we supply.

 

 

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  n  

Increased focus on environmental and safety standards. Many of our key markets have been subject to increased regulation relating to environmental and safety issues. As a result, owners and operators of oil and natural gas extraction, processing and transmission infrastructure are facing stricter environmental and safety regulation as they manage and build infrastructure. Future environmental and safety compliance could require the use of more specialized products and higher rates of maintenance, repair and replacement to ensure the integrity of our customers’ facilities. We believe that such laws and regulations will drive greater spending on maintenance, repair and operations, or MRO, by our customers and increased demand for the specialty products we supply. Similarly, we believe heightened regulations, safety requirements and technical specifications in the civil construction and mining sectors will lead to higher project spending on products we supply to these end-markets.

Our Business

We are a distributor of our suppliers’ manufactured products and earn revenue from the sales of specialty steel products to our customers, though we do not, ourselves, manufacture any products. We believe we are an important link between our customers and suppliers because of our ability to match the needs of our customers with product offerings of our suppliers. Our customers often operate in remote geographical locations and severe environments that require materials capable of meeting exacting standards for temperature, pressure, corrosion and abrasion. We deliver value to our customers around the world by providing:

 

  n  

Access to a broad range of products from multiple supplier sources;

 

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Coordination and quality control of logistics, staged delivery, fabrication and additional services;

 

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Understanding of supplier pricing, capacity and deliveries;

 

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Ability to provide the specialized product offerings of multiple suppliers to create complete material packages;

 

  n  

On-hand inventory of specialty products to reduce our customers’ need to maintain large stocks of replacement products; and

 

  n  

Capitalization necessary to manage multi-million dollar supply orders.

Many of the products we supply require specialized production to exacting technical and quality standards. We have established supply channels with a global network of suppliers to address our customers’ demands. As our suppliers increasingly focus on their core production competencies rather than on sales, marketing and logistics, we are able to deliver numerous benefits to our suppliers, including:

 

  n  

Active marketing of our suppliers’ product offerings to customers;

 

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Knowledge of customer spending plans and material requirements;

 

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Aggregation of numerous orders to create the critical volume required to make the production of a specific product economically viable;

 

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Expertise and market knowledge to facilitate the development and sale of new products; and

 

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Delivery of value-added services to end users, including coordination of logistics, fabrication and additional services.

We believe our customers and suppliers rely on distributors as a way to reduce costs while maintaining product quality and service levels. Furthermore, we believe that the proliferation of new technologies within the upstream, midstream and downstream end-markets of the energy industry and the increased specialization of products needed to build and implement these technologies will continue to drive demand for the products we supply and services we provide. We believe we are well suited to continue to benefit from specialization by suppliers and improved internal efficiencies implemented by end users.

Our customers include engineering, procurement and construction firms, equipment fabricators, multi-national and national integrated oil and natural gas companies, independent oil and natural gas exploration and production

 

 

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companies, onshore and offshore drilling contractors, oil and natural gas transmission and distribution companies, petrochemical companies, mining companies, oil sands developers, hydrocarbon, nuclear and renewable power generation companies, public utilities, civil construction contractors and municipal and transportation authorities. Our sales to these customers generally fall into the following three categories:

 

  n  

Project. Project orders relate to our customers’ capital expenditures for various planned projects across the upstream, midstream and downstream end-markets of the energy sector, such as transmission infrastructure build-out and oil rig construction and refurbishment. For these orders, we serve as a provider of global inventory logistics, delivering high quality, technically specific products in accordance with our customers’ project timelines. For many customers, we stage material and manage simultaneous product deliveries to multiple site locations. These orders tend to involve larger volumes that are delivered over longer timeframes and can lead to future MRO business. In addition, projects are often divided into different phases, and the initial project orders can also lead to subsequent project orders. Project orders constituted 35% of our pro forma sales for the year ended December 31, 2011.

 

  n  

Drilling Program. Drilling program orders relate to the delivery of surface casing and production tubulars for the onshore upstream market and require close consultation with our customers with regard to product specifications and delivery timing. Similar to our role in Project orders, we serve as an inventory logistics provider for our customers, delivering products in accordance with their drilling plans, often for multiple drilling rigs or site locations. We generally leverage our technical expertise to act as a liaison between customers and suppliers as they design new products that meet specific technical requirements. Drilling program orders constituted 46% of our pro forma sales for the year ended December 31, 2011.

 

  n  

Maintenance, Repair and Operations Order Fulfillment. MRO orders typically relate to the replacement of existing products that have reached their service limits or are being replaced due to regulatory requirements. Replacement orders are influenced by both product design and regulatory requirements. These orders tend to be consistent in nature and can be driven by customer relationships developed by fulfillment of Project orders. Often, the fulfillment of these MRO orders is critical to our customers’ ongoing operations, and the prompt receipt of the required component is of significant value to them. We maintain an inventory of specialty products in order to provide timely delivery of these products from our stocking locations around the world. Fulfillment of MRO orders constituted 19% of our pro forma sales for the year ended December 31, 2011.

Our Operating Segments

After the Reorganization and this offering, we will supply specialty products through two operating segments:

Energy and Infrastructure Products, or E&I. The E&I Segment serves customers in the Americas, Europe/Middle East/Africa, or EMEA, and Asia Pacific, or APAC, regions, distributing pipe, plate, valves and related components to upstream, midstream, downstream and select power generation, civil construction and mining customers across more than 35 global locations. This operating segment provides project and MRO order fulfillment capabilities from stocking locations throughout the world. For the year ended December 31, 2011, our E&I Segment represented 54% of our pro forma sales and 48% of our pro forma EBITDA. Our E&I Segment is branded under the “Edgen Murray” name.

Oil Country Tubular Goods, or OCTG. The OCTG Segment is a leading provider of oil country tubular goods to the upstream conventional and unconventional onshore drilling markets in the U.S. We deliver products through nine customer sales and service locations, including our Pampa, Texas operating center, and over 50 third-party owned distribution facilities. For the year ended December 31, 2011, our OCTG Segment represented 46% of our pro forma sales and 52% of our pro forma EBITDA. Our OCTG Segment is branded under the “Bourland & Leverich” name.

 

 

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Our Competitive Strengths

We consider the following to be our principal competitive strengths:

Broad Scale with Global Distribution Capabilities. As one of the largest global purchasers of specialty steel products for the energy infrastructure market, we use our scale to aggregate demand for the benefit of both our customers and our suppliers. We are able to secure from time to time volume pricing and production priority from our suppliers, often for specialty products for which no individual customer has enough demand to justify a timely production run, and thereby meet the specific product and delivery needs of our customers. In addition, we locate our global distribution facilities in close proximity to the major upstream, midstream and downstream energy end-markets we serve, including in the U.S., U.K., Singapore and Dubai. The benefits of our global presence include the ability to serve as a single global source of supply for our customers and participation in infrastructure investment activities in multiple regions around the world, thereby increasing our growth opportunities and reducing our relative exposure to any one geographic market.

Diversified and Stable Customer Base. We have a diversified customer base of over 2,000 active customers in more than 50 countries with operations in the upstream, midstream and downstream energy end-markets, as well as in power generation, civil construction and mining. Our top ten customers, with each of whom we have had a relationship for more than nine years, accounted for 35% of our pro forma sales for the year ended December 31, 2011, yet no single customer represented more than 9% of our pro forma sales over the same period. We believe this diversification affords us a measure of protection in the event of a downturn in any specific region or market, or from the loss of individual customers. In addition, although MRO sales vary from year to year, we tend to receive a base level of MRO sales from our large, longstanding customers, which provides additional stability to our sales during periods of limited infrastructure expansion. Consistent with common industry practice, we typically operate on a purchase order basis rather than a long-term contract basis with our customers. As a result, our customers operating on a purchase order basis may terminate their relationships with us at any time with little or no prior notice.

Strategic and Longstanding Supplier Relationships. We have longstanding relationships with leading suppliers across all of the lines of products we supply. While we are able to source almost all of the products we offer from multiple suppliers, our scale allows us to be one of the largest, if not the largest, customer to each of our key suppliers. As a large customer, we provide our suppliers with a stable and significant source of demand. In addition, our market knowledge and insight into our customers’ capital expenditure plans enable us to aggregate multiple orders of a specialty product into volumes appropriate for a production run. We believe that these differentiating factors enhance our ability to obtain product allocations, timely delivery and competitive pricing on our orders from our suppliers. We believe that obtaining these same benefits from suppliers would be difficult for others, including our customers.

Focus on Premium Products. The portfolio of products we supply is composed primarily of specialty steel products and components that we believe are of premium quality and highly engineered. These types of products often are available from only a select number of suppliers, have limited production schedules and require technical expertise to sell. Our emphasis on the procurement and distribution of products that in many cases are not widely available is the foundation of our ability to deliver value to our customers.

Sophisticated Material Sourcing and Logistical Expertise. Many of our customers rely on us to source products for them, as they lack the supplier relationships, resources, volume and/or logistical capabilities to complete procurement and delivery independently or on a cost-effective basis. We believe our professionals have the expertise necessary to manage the coordinated delivery of purchased product to multiple, often remote operating sites according to specific schedules. They also have the knowledge, experience, training and technical expertise in their products to provide valuable advisory support to our customers regarding selection of the most appropriate product to meet their specific needs.

 

 

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Capitalization and Cash Flow to Maintain Necessary Inventory Levels. Our size affords us the ability to maintain inventory levels necessary to meet the unexpected MRO needs of our customers in the geographies in which they operate. Based upon our past experience in the market, we believe such MRO requests are often less price sensitive than longer lead-time Project and Drilling program orders. Our scale and wherewithal to support large projects also enable us to participate in Project order proposals otherwise inaccessible to smaller competitors. Many of our regional competitors have comparatively smaller balance sheets and resources and have limited cash flow, which limits their capacity to carry the appropriate inventory levels to meet certain customers’ needs.

Asset-Light Business Model. We maintain an asset-light business model to maximize our operational flexibility. Our model results in high operating leverage, as evidenced by our $3.1 million in pro forma sales per employee for the year ended December 31, 2011. Our OCTG Segment operates one facility while leveraging the storage and transportation capabilities of over 50 third-party service providers to serve customers in the U.S. Our E&I Segment serves over 1,800 global customers through over 25 distribution facilities located throughout the world. We often enter new geographic areas of energy infrastructure development in conjunction with service to existing clients and working with third party service providers. In doing so, we are able to introduce the specialty products we supply and technical expertise into new regions of high demand without the lead time or capital investment that might otherwise be needed.

Experienced and Incentivized Management Team. Our senior managers have significant industry experience, averaging over 25 years, across upstream, midstream and downstream energy end-markets in the diverse geographies we serve and in the manufacture of the products we supply. We intend to base the compensation of our senior managers, in part, on financial performance measures, which we believe will further align their interests with those of our stockholders. Following completion of this offering and as a result of the Reorganization, our management and employees would own approximately 13% of our Class A common stock in the aggregate, including restricted shares of our Class A common stock and assuming the exercise in full of the Exchange Rights for shares of our Class A common stock as described in “The Reorganization” and the pro rata distribution of those shares to the partners and members of EM II LP and B&L.

Our Business Strategies

Our goal is to be the leading distributor of specialty steel products to the global energy sector. We intend to achieve this goal through the following strategies, although there can be no guarantee that any of the following strategies will be effective:

Expand Business with Existing Customers. We strive to introduce our customers to the entire portfolio of products we supply on a global basis. Our experienced and knowledgeable sales force is trained to capture additional share of our customers’ overall spending on specialty steel products. Opportunities to expand business with our customers include capitalizing on new product sales and cross-selling opportunities across all of a customer’s operations in different end-markets and geographies, further penetration of existing customers’ Projects, Drilling programs and MRO supply requirements and leveraging our platform to address our customers’ global needs.

Grow Business in Select New and Existing Markets. We intend to exploit opportunities for profit and margin expansion within our existing core markets, as well as in new geographies and end-markets. We expect to capitalize on the increasing demand for energy in these markets by leveraging our suite of capabilities and reputation as a market leader to drive new customer acquisitions. We plan to achieve this goal in part by selectively enhancing our presence in locations where significant investments in energy infrastructure are being made. Notably, we believe the suite of specialty products that we supply positions us well to take advantage of the development of previously underexploited unconventional onshore and deepwater offshore resources. We also plan to expand our presence in new end-markets outside of oil and natural gas that are characterized by difficult operating environments and have similar demand for our technical expertise and specialty products.

 

 

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We also plan to selectively expand our global footprint through our asset-light model in order to maximize our ability to meet evolving customer needs. We believe our platform is highly flexible, as we are able to rapidly address areas of new demand through the addition of satellite offices, representative offices and third party stocking facilities with minimal lead time. We use our asset-light profile to quickly adjust our geographic priorities according to changes in secular demand trends in our target markets.

Continue to Pursue Strategic Acquisitions and Investments. We intend to continue to grow our business through selective acquisitions, joint ventures and other strategic investments. We believe that our history of acquisitions and integrations demonstrates our ability to identify and capitalize on acquisition opportunities that enhance the portfolio of products we supply or our global presence, or both, which has been an important factor in the creation of the existing Edgen Group. Between 2005 and 2009, we executed five acquisitions for a total consideration of approximately $360.0 million. These acquisitions, coupled with the consolidation of the B&L business which will occur in connection with the Reorganization, have facilitated the growth of Edgen Group from predecessor sales of $322.3 million for the year ended 2005 to pro forma sales of $1.7 billion for the year ended December 31, 2011. We apply a strict set of evaluation criteria to ensure that all investments are consistent with our strategic priorities. We anticipate that our investments will expand our product offering, customer base, supplier relationships and, in certain instances, our end-market exposure.

Our Challenges and Risk Factors

We face challenges and risks in operating our business and an investment in our Class A common stock involves a high degree of risk. Many factors contributing to these challenges and risks are beyond our ability to control. You should carefully consider, among other things, the following risks as well as those more fully described in the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 26 of this prospectus and all of the other information set forth in this prospectus, before deciding to invest in our Class A common stock:

 

  n  

Demand for the products we supply from our customers in the global energy infrastructure market depends largely upon the availability of attractive drilling prospects, regulatory requirements and limitations, the prevailing view of future oil and natural gas prices, refinery margins and general economic conditions. Volatility in this market, and, in particular, a significant decline in oil and natural gas prices and refining margins, has in the past reduced, and could in the future reduce, the demand for the products we supply, which could cause our sales, margins, earnings and liquidity to decrease.

 

  n  

The prices we pay and charge for steel products, and the availability of steel products generally, may fluctuate due to a number of factors beyond our control. If the price of steel decreases significantly or if demand for the products we supply decreases, we may be unable to sell our inventory at the volumes or prices we expect, we may be forced to dispose of higher-cost products at reduced market prices and we may be required to write-down the value of our inventory on hand. For example, during the year ended December 31, 2009, our predecessor incurred losses of $12.7 million due to strategic inventory liquidations and had an inventory write-down of $22.5 million. Additionally, we may incur asset impairment charges for goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets, which would result in lower reported net income (or higher net losses). For instance, for the year ended December 31, 2010, our predecessor recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $62.8 million as a result of the fair value of certain of our predecessor’s reporting units falling below their carrying value. All or any of the foregoing could cause our sales, margins, earnings and liquidity and the value of our inventory to decrease.

 

  n  

Increasing regulatory and political challenges with respect to unconventional or offshore oil and natural gas resources or new drilling and extraction technologies, such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, could result in increased costs and additional operating restrictions or delays for our customers. This could reduce demand for the products we supply, which could cause our sales, margins, earnings and liquidity to decrease.

 

 

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  n  

A significant portion of our cash flow is required to pay interest and principal, and we may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations, or have future borrowings available, to enable us to repay our indebtedness. Upon the completion of the Reorganization and the application of the proceeds from this offering, our outstanding indebtedness will account for significant cash interest expense in 2012 and subsequent years. We intend to use a substantial portion of the proceeds from this offering to repay our existing indebtedness (including prepayment penalties), and not to expand our existing business operations. See “Use of Proceeds.”

 

  n  

Under each tax receivable agreement described below, we expect to pay the holders of the Exchange Rights described below 85% of any tax benefits that we realize from the exercise of the Exchange Rights, from certain other transactions that result in increases in our share of the tax basis of the assets of EDG Holdco LLC, or EDG LLC, and from our making payments under the related tax receivable agreement. We may need to incur debt to finance the payments under the tax receivable agreements. Furthermore, we could make payments in excess of our actual cash tax savings and we may be subject to additional taxes or penalties if the tax authorities later reduce or disallow the benefits to us on which the payments were based. EM II LP and B&L will not be obligated to reimburse us for payments previously made to them on account of such benefits. If the Exchange Rights were to be exercised in full and if all of the other transactions that could result in an increase in our share of the basis of EDG LLC’s assets were to occur, in each case, in a hypothetical fully taxable transaction upon completion of this offering and assuming no material changes in the relevant tax law and that we earn sufficient taxable income to realize the full tax benefit of the increased depreciation and amortization of our assets, we expect that future payments to EM II LP and B&L in respect of the tax receivable agreements will aggregate $44.5 million and range from approximately $1.4 million to $4.7 million per year over the next 15 years.

 

  n  

We expect that our subsidiary EDG LLC will make cash distributions to EM II LP, B&L and Edgen Group pursuant to the limited liability company agreement of EDG LLC in respect of the taxable income of EDG LLC. The amount of these tax distributions may exceed the amount of taxes EDG LLC would pay if it were taxed as a corporation.

 

  n  

Our business is sensitive to economic downturns and adverse credit market conditions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

 

  n  

Our ten largest customers account for a substantial portion of our sales and profits, and the loss of any these customers could result in materially decreased sales and profits.

 

  n  

We rely on our steel suppliers to meet the required specifications for the steel we purchase from them, and we may have unreimbursed losses arising from our suppliers’ failure to meet such specifications.

 

  n  

Loss of third-party transportation providers upon which we depend or conditions negatively affecting the transportation industry could increase our costs and disrupt our operations.

 

  n  

Our global operations, in particular those in emerging markets, are subject to various risks which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

  n  

Concentration of voting power among the current partners and members of EM II LP and B&L, which we refer to as the Existing Investors, may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions. Upon the completion of this offering, entities controlled by affiliates of JCP will hold approximately 58% of the voting power of Edgen Group. In addition, upon the completion of this offering, our directors (other than affiliates of JCP), executive officers and employees will hold approximately 7% of the voting power of Edgen Group in the aggregate.

Formation of Edgen Group and the Reorganization

Edgen Group was incorporated in December 2011 in Delaware and is the issuer in this offering. In connection with the completion of this offering:

 

  n  

Edgen Group will become our new parent holding company and EDG LLC will become our new intermediate holding company.

 

 

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  n  

EMGH Limited will become a subsidiary of Edgen Murray Corporation, or EMC.

 

  n  

EMC’s ownership interest in B&L will be redeemed by B&L in exchange for membership units of B&L’s operating subsidiary Bourland & Leverich Supply Co. LLC, or B&L Supply.

 

  n  

EM II LP and B&L will contribute their respective businesses and liabilities to us for membership units of EDG LLC and Class B common stock of Edgen Group.

 

  n  

EM II LP may elect to have EM Holdings LLC purchase from EMC all or a portion of EMC’s membership units in B&L Supply with either cash or a note payable to EMC.

 

  n  

Holders of restricted units of EM II LP and B&L will exchange such units for restricted shares of our Class A common stock.

 

  n  

Holders of options to purchase units of EM II LP or B&L will exchange such options for options to purchase our Class A common stock.

Following these transactions and upon completion of this offering:

 

  n  

EDG LLC will be controlled by Edgen Group. Edgen Group, EM II LP and B&L will own approximately 42%, 29% and 29% of the membership units of EDG LLC, respectively.

 

  n  

Edgen Group will be controlled by EM II LP and B&L through their ownership of approximately 50% and 50% of the Class B common stock of Edgen Group, respectively. The Existing Investors, will exchange their restricted units of EM II LP and B&L for restricted shares of our Class A common stock, and, to the extent such Existing Investors also own unrestricted units of EM II LP and B&L, will remain the owners of such units of EM II LP and B&L, respectively, and EM II LP and B&L will be controlled by the same affiliates of JCP that controlled each of them before these transactions.

 

  n  

Subject to certain limitations, EM II LP and B&L will each have rights, which we refer to as the Exchange Rights, to exchange from time to time membership units of EDG LLC and shares of Class B common stock of Edgen Group for shares of Class A common stock of Edgen Group on the basis of one membership unit of EDG LLC and one share of Class B common stock of Edgen Group collectively for one share of Class A common stock of Edgen Group (subject to customary conversion rate adjustments for splits, stock dividends and reclassifications) or, if we so elect, cash equal to the trading price of a share of Class A common stock.

 

  n  

If the Exchange Rights were exercised in full upon the completion of this offering, and settled solely for shares of Class A common stock of Edgen Group, approximately 35%, 7%, 29% and 29% of the Class A common stock of Edgen Group would be owned by purchasers in this offering, Existing Investors receiving restricted stock in the Reorganization, EM II LP and B&L, respectively.

 

  n  

EM II LP and B&L will each have the right to receive payments under a tax receivable agreement with Edgen Group and cash distributions under the EDG LLC limited liability company agreement.

Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions

In addition to the Reorganization transactions, we expect to enter into the following related person transactions in connection with the completion of this offering:

Employment Agreements. We expect to enter into amended employment agreements with certain of our officers.

Reorganization Agreement. We expect to enter into a Reorganization Agreement, which will provide for the steps necessary to effect the Reorganization (including the contribution to us of the businesses and liabilities of EM II LP and B&L), provide for our indemnification of EM II LP and B&L for liabilities relating to their pre-Reorganization operations and require us to pay for certain administrative, franchise tax, tax reporting and other similar costs that EM II LP and B&L incur.

Exchange Agreements. We expect to enter into an exchange agreement with each of EM II LP and B&L to govern the terms and conditions of the Exchange Rights.

Tax Receivable Agreements. The exercise of the Exchange Rights and certain other transactions are expected to result in increases in our share of the tax basis of EDG LLC’s assets. We expect to enter into a tax receivable agreement with each of EM II LP and B&L to pay each of them 85% of any tax benefits that we realize from

 

 

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the exercise of the Exchange Rights, from certain other transactions that result in increases in our share of the tax basis of EDG LLC’s assets, and from our making payments under the related tax receivable agreement.

Tax Distributions. We expect to enter into a limited liability company agreement among Edgen Group, EM II LP and B&L that will govern the membership units of EDG LLC. We expect that the limited liability company agreement of EDG LLC will provide for cash distributions to Edgen Group, EM II LP and B&L to enable each of them to pay taxes attributable to their allocable share of the taxable income of EDG LLC.

Investors and Registration Rights Agreement. We expect to enter into an investors and registration rights agreement with EM II LP and B&L. Pursuant to such agreement, as long as EM II LP or B&L, as applicable, beneficially owns at least 5% of our then-outstanding shares of voting stock, calculated on a primary basis, EM II LP or B&L, as applicable, will be entitled to have a representative attend meetings of our board of directors as a non-voting observer. Pursuant to the investors and registration rights agreement, we may be required to register the issuance or sale of shares of our Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the Exchange Rights.

Underwriting – Affiliations and Conflicts of Interest

As described under the caption ”Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions,” prior to this offering, Jefferies Group, the parent company of Jefferies & Company, Inc., directly or indirectly has made a substantial investment in and has a substantial, non-voting economic interest in Jefferies Capital Partners, or JCP, and Jefferies Capital Partners IV L.P., Jefferies Employee Partners IV LLC and JCP Partners IV LLC, private equity investment funds, collectively referred to Fund IV, that have control over EM II LP and B&L, entities which after giving effect to the Reorganization and this offering will control all of our outstanding Class B common stock. Certain members of our board of directors also serve as officers and directors of JCP and Fund IV. Accordingly, under Rule 5121 of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., or FINRA, Jefferies & Company, Inc. may be deemed to be our “affiliate.” In addition, as described under the caption “Use of Proceeds,” Jefferies Finance LLC, an affiliate of Jefferies & Company, Inc., serves as the lead arranger and the administrative agent and has been a lender under the BL term loan. Accordingly, this offering will be made in compliance with the applicable provisions of Rule 5121 which requires that a “qualified independent underwriter” participate in the preparation of the registration statement and the prospectus and exercise the usual standards of due diligence in respect thereto. Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC has agreed to serve as the qualified independent underwriter for this offering and will not receive any additional fees for serving in that capacity. We have agreed to indemnify Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC against liabilities incurred in connection with acting as a qualified independent underwriter, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

Jefferies & Company, Inc.

Jefferies & Company, Inc. is participating as an underwriter in this offering and will be entitled to underwriting discounts and commissions with respect to the stock purchased by it in this offering. See “Underwriting (Conflicts of Interest)—Commission and Expenses.” Assuming an initial public offering price of $15.00 per share, which is the mid-point of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, we estimate that Jefferies & Company, Inc. will receive approximately $         million in underwriting discounts and commissions. However, Jefferies & Company, Inc. will not accrue direct benefits from the sale of our shares.

We intend to use the net proceeds to us from this offering to, among other things, repay certain amounts outstanding under B&L’s term loan. An affiliate of Jefferies & Company, Inc. is the administrative agent under B&L’s term loan.

Jefferies Group, Inc.

The parent company of Jefferies & Company, Inc. is Jefferies Group, Inc., or Jefferies Group. Mr. Brian P. Friedman, who is a director of Jefferies Group and Chairman of the Executive Committee of Jefferies &

 

 

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Company, Inc., is one of the managing members of JCP. Mr. Friedman is also the President of the entity that serves as general partner or managing member of Jefferies Capital Partners IV L.P., Jefferies Employee Partners IV LLC and JCP Partners IV LLC. Jefferies Group directly or indirectly has made a substantial investment in and has a substantial, non-voting economic interest in JCP, Fund IV and other funds managed by JCP, and also serves as a lender to one of the funds comprising Fund IV. In addition, Jefferies Group employs and provides office space for JCP’s employees, for which JCP reimburses Jefferies Group on an annual basis. Mr. James L. Luikart is one of the managing members of JCP, the Executive Vice President of the entity that serves as general partner or managing member of Fund IV and one of our directors. Mr. Nicholas Daraviras is a Managing Director of JCP and one of our directors.

After giving effect to the Reorganization and this offering, EM II LP and B&L, which are entities controlled by affiliates of JCP, together will own 100% of our outstanding Class B common stock, will hold approximately 58% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock and will own approximately 58% of the membership units of EDG LLC. Subject to certain limitations, EM II LP and B&L will also have the right to receive shares of our Class A common stock pursuant to the Exchange Rights and will be entitled to payments under the tax receivable agreements and cash distributions under the EDG LLC limited liability company agreement. Finally, we also intend to enter into an investors and registration rights agreement that will entitle EM II LP and B&L to board observation rights and registration rights with respect to shares of Class A common stock owned by them upon exercise of the Exchange Rights.

In light of this relationship, we are required to utilize a “qualified independent underwriter” in connection with this offering and the preparation of this prospectus. Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC has agreed to act as qualified independent underwriter for the offering and to undertake the legal responsibilities and liabilities of an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, specifically including those inherent in Section 11 of the Securities Act. See “Underwriting (Conflicts of Interest)—Affiliations and Conflicts of Interest.”

See “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions.”

 

 

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The following diagram illustrates our summary organizational structure after the completion of the Reorganization and this offering (and before the exercise of any Exchange Rights):

Summary Organizational Structure

 

LOGO

 

  (1) Jefferies Capital Partners IV L.P. controls 100% of the voting power of EM II LP through its control of 100% of the voting power of EM II LP’s general partner, Edgen Murray II GP, LLC. Some of the Existing Investors are investors in each of EM II LP and B&L and some are investors in one but not the other.
  (2) Jefferies Capital Partners IV L.P. controls 100% of the voting power.
  (3) The remaining approximately 17% of our Class A common stock will be held by certain Existing Investors in the form of restricted stock received in the Reorganization. If the Exchange Rights were exercised in full upon the completion of this offering, and settled solely for shares of Class A common stock of Edgen Group, (i) approximately 35%, 7%, 29% and 29% of the Class A common stock of Edgen Group would be owned by purchasers in this offering, Existing Investors receiving restricted stock in the Reorganization, EM II LP and B&L, respectively and (ii) no shares of our Class B common stock would remain outstanding. Percentages exclude 4,734,913 shares of our Class A common stock reserved for issuance under our equity incentive plan.
  (4) EDG LLC will own, directly or indirectly, 100% of B&L Supply. Some of this interest may be held by EMC or EM Holdings LLC.

Please refer to page 121 of this Prospectus for an illustration of our organizational structure following the exercise of the Exchange Rights.

 

 

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Recent Developments

Preliminary First Quarter 2012 Results

The tables below present our preliminary pro forma and our predecessor’s preliminary estimated range for sales, net income and EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2012 compared to our pro forma results and our predecessor’s actual results for the three months ended March 31, 2011. We have provided a range for the preliminary results described above primarily because our and our predecessor’s financial closing and review procedures for the month and quarter ended March 31, 2012 are not yet complete. We currently expect that our and our predecessor’s final results will be within the ranges described below. It is possible, however, that our and our predecessor’s final results will not be within such ranges. The preliminary pro forma financial data presented has been prepared on a basis consistent with the audited and interim financial statements included in this prospectus. Our pro forma results, based on the actual results of EM II LP and B&L, are not expected to vary materially from the results reflected in the preliminary first quarter 2012 pro forma financial data:

 

(IN THOUSANDS)    Preliminary pro forma three
months ended March 31,
     Pro forma
three months ended
March 31,
 
      2012      2011  
Edgen Group Inc.    Low      High         

Sales

   $ 496,000       $ 514,000       $ 327,011   

Net income (loss)

     3,500         4,500         (5,438

EBITDA

     32,000         36,000         23,806   

 

     Preliminary three months
ended March 31,
    Three months ended
March 31,
 
     2012     2011  
EM II LP (Our Predecessor)    Low     High        

Sales

   $ 270,000      $ 287,000      $ 185,562   

Net loss

     (3,250     (4,250     (10,018

EBITDA

     17,000        19,500        11,950   

The increase in our preliminary pro forma results for the three months ended March 31, 2012 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2011 is primarily due to increased sales volumes, particularly in the midstream and upstream energy markets and driven by increased worldwide oil and natural gas drilling activity, as well as an increase in civil infrastructure projects.

The table below presents the total combined cash and cash equivalents and total combined indebtedness of EM II LP and B&L expected to be outstanding at March 31, 2012 (preliminary) and actually outstanding at December 31, 2011:

 

(IN THOUSANDS)    Preliminary
March 31,
2012
     December 31,
2011
 

Cash and cash equivalents

     

EM II LP

   $ 12,300       $ 26,218   

B&L

     40         51   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total combined cash and cash equivalents

   $ 12,340       $ 26,269   

Indebtedness

     

EM II LP

   $ 536,000       $ 500,741   

B&L

     165,400         183,104   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total combined indebtedness

   $ 701,400       $ 683,845   

 

 

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The increase in total preliminary combined indebtedness is primarily due to increased working capital to support increased sales volumes, partially offset by the repayment of principal on B&L’s term loan in January 2012.

The preliminary pro forma results and the preliminary results presented above were prepared by, and are the responsibility of, our management. The estimates presented are preliminary and may be revised upon completion of our customary quarterly closing and review procedures. Management has prepared the above estimates of our results in good faith based upon our internal reporting and expectations at and for the three months ending March 31, 2012. Actual results could differ materially from the estimates presented, and these estimated results are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for other interim periods or for the full year ending December 31, 2012 or thereafter. These estimates and the assumptions underlying these estimates are inherently uncertain and are subject to a wide variety of significant business, economic and competitive risks. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on these estimates.

Neither our independent auditors nor any other independent accountants have compiled, examined or performed any procedures with respect to the preliminary pro forma and the preliminary results presented for the first quarter of 2012, nor have they expressed any opinion on or any other form of assurance of such information or our ability to achieve the results described therein, and assume no responsibility for, and disclaim any association with, such information.

EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure within the rules of the SEC. The most closely comparable GAAP measure is net income. For a reconciliation of our preliminary pro forma and our predecessor’s preliminary net income to non-GAAP EBITDA and for more information about our use of EBITDA, see “Summary Unaudited Preliminary First Quarter 2012 Financial Data” and “Summary Historical Consolidated and Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.”

Company Information

Edgen Group Inc. is incorporated as a Delaware corporation and maintains its principal executive offices at 18444 Highland Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70809. Our telephone number is (225) 756-9868. We maintain a web site at www.edgengroup.com. Our web site and the information contained thereon or connected thereto are not incorporated into this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and are provided as an inactive textual reference. You should not rely on any such information in making your decision whether to purchase our securities.

Certain Trademarks

This prospectus includes trademarks, such as “Edgen Murray,” “Bourland & Leverich” and the Edgen Group logo, which are protected under applicable intellectual property laws and are our property and/or the property of our subsidiaries. This prospectus also contains trademarks, service marks, copyrights and trade names of other companies, which are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, our trademarks and tradenames referred to in this prospectus may appear without the ® or symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to these trademarks and tradenames.

 

 

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THE OFFERING

 

Class A common stock offered by us

15,000,000 shares.

 

Class A common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering

17,965,087 shares (assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option).

 

Class B common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering

24,216,581 shares.

 

Voting Rights

Each share of our Class A common stock will entitle its holder to one vote on all matters to be voted on by stockholders generally.

 

  EM II LP and B&L will together own all of our issued and outstanding Class B common stock. Class B common stock has no economic rights but will entitle the holder to one vote per share.

 

Dividends

We do not currently intend to pay a quarterly cash dividend. If we do declare a dividend in the future, the Class B common stock will not be entitled to dividend rights.

Over-Allotment Option

We have granted to the underwriters an option for a period of 30 days after the date of this prospectus to purchase up to 2,250,000 additional shares of our common stock to cover over-allotments, if any. The information presented in this prospectus assumes that the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option.

Use of Proceeds

We estimate that the net proceeds we will receive from this offering will be approximately $206.4 million, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offering fees and expenses payable by us and assuming an initial public offering price of $15.00 per share, which is the mid-point of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. We intend to use all of such net proceeds to purchase newly-issued EDG LLC membership units from EDG LLC, which would use such funds to repay amounts outstanding under B&L’s term loan, EM II LP’s revolving credit facility and a note payable issued to the former owner of B&L Predecessor, or the Seller Note. We expect to use any remaining net proceeds from this offering for other general corporate purposes. We do not currently intend to use the proceeds from this offering to expand our business operations. Jefferies Finance LLC, an affiliate of Jefferies & Company, Inc., is the lead arranger and the administrative agent and has been a lender under B&L’s term loan facility. In light of this relationship, this offering will be conducted in accordance with Rule 5121 of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. This rule requires, among other things, that a “qualified independent underwriter” has participated in the preparation of, and has exercised the usual standards of “due diligence” with respect to, the registration statement and this prospectus. Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC has agreed to act as qualified independent underwriter for the offering and to undertake the legal responsibilities and liabilities of an underwriter under the Securities Act, specifically including those inherent in Section 11 of the Securities Act. See “Underwriting (Conflicts of Interest)—Affiliations and Conflicts of Interest.”

 

 

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Risk Factors

Investing in our Class A common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully read this entire prospectus, including the more detailed information set forth under the caption “Risk Factors,” the historical consolidated financial statements of our predecessor EM II LP as well as those of B&L and B&L Predecessor, and the related notes thereto, and the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information included elsewhere in this prospectus, before investing in our Class A common stock.

Lock-up Agreements

EM II LP and B&L and our directors and executive officers have agreed with the underwriters, subject to limited exceptions, not to sell, transfer or dispose of any of our shares, including shares of our restricted stock received in the Reorganization and shares issuable upon the exercise of options received in the Reorganization, for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus. Shares of Class A common stock issued in exchange for restricted units of EM II LP and B&L or issuable pursuant to options granted in exchange for options to purchase units of EM II LP and B&L but not held by executive officers and directors of the Company would not be subject to these lock-up agreements but, pursuant to the Reorganization Agreement, would be subject to restrictions on transfer without the Company’s consent for at least as long as the lock-up period. See the information under the caption “Underwriting (Conflicts of Interest)— No Sales of Similar Securities” for additional information.

Proposed New York Stock Exchange symbol

We have been authorized to list our Class A common stock on the NYSE under the symbol “EDG.” Our Class A common stock will not be listed on any other exchange or traded on any other automated quotation system. Our Class B common stock will not be listed on any exchange or traded on any automated quotation system.

Shares Outstanding

The number of shares of our Class A and Class B common stock to be outstanding following this offering is based on 17,965,087 shares of our Class A common stock (including shares of our restricted Class A common stock to be issued to certain Existing Investors in connection with the Reorganization) and 24,216,581 shares of our Class B common stock outstanding on a pro forma basis after giving effect to the Reorganization, but excludes 4,734,913 shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under our equity incentive plans, of which options to purchase 1,750,280 shares will be outstanding after the Reorganization at a weighted average exercise price of $9.21 per share, and 24,216,581 shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise of the Exchange Rights by EM II LP and B&L. If the Exchange Rights were exercised in full upon completion of this offering and settled solely for shares of Class A common stock (1) approximately 35%, 7%, 29% and 29% of the Class A common stock would be owned by purchasers in this offering, Existing Investors receiving restricted stock in the Reorganization, EM II LP and B&L, respectively, and (2) there would be 42,181,667 shares of our Class A common stock outstanding and no shares of our Class B common stock outstanding.

Unless otherwise stated, information in this prospectus (except for the historical financial statements) assumes:

 

  n  

the completion of the Reorganization;

 

  n  

that our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, which we will file in connection with the completion of this offering, is in effect;

 

  n  

no exercise of any options to acquire shares of our Class A common stock under our equity incentive plan; and

 

  n  

no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option.

 

 

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SUMMARY HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED AND UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The following tables present certain summary historical consolidated financial data and other data of our predecessor, EM II LP, for each of the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 and certain pro forma combined financial information of Edgen Group for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010. The data set forth below should be read in conjunction with the sections entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Capitalization,” “Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data” and “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information,” each of which is contained elsewhere in this prospectus, and the consolidated financial statements of EM II LP, the consolidated financial statements of B&L and the combined financial statements of B&L Predecessor, each of which is contained elsewhere in this prospectus.

The Reorganization will be completed concurrently with the completion of this offering, and as a result, our future results of operations will include the results of operations of the business of B&L. We have determined that after the Reorganization, EM II LP will be our predecessor and, as a result, have included summary historical consolidated financial data of EM II LP. The summary historical consolidated statement of operations and other financial data of EM II LP for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 and the summary historical consolidated balance sheet data of EM II LP at December 31, 2011 and 2010 are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of EM II LP included elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary historical consolidated balance sheet data of EM II LP at December 31, 2009 are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of EM II LP that are not included in this prospectus.

The summary unaudited pro forma financial data have been prepared to give effect to the Reorganization and this offering and the application of net proceeds therefrom as if they occurred on January 1, 2010. Assumptions underlying the pro forma adjustments are described in the section entitled “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information” contained elsewhere in this prospectus. The pro forma adjustments are based upon available information and certain assumptions that we believe are reasonable. Please see “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information — Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information” for a more detailed discussion of how pro forma adjustments are presented in our unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information. The summary unaudited pro forma financial data are provided for informational purposes only. The summary unaudited pro forma financial data do not purport to represent what our results of operations actually would have been if the Reorganization and this offering, and the application of the net proceeds therefrom had occurred at any date, nor do such data purport to project the results of operations for any future period.

 

 

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EDGEN GROUP INC.

SUMMARY UNAUDITED PRO FORMA FINANCIAL DATA

 

 

 

     PRO FORMA
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
 
      2011     2010  
     (1)     (1)  

Statement of Operations (in thousands, except share data)

    

Sales

   $ 1,675,209      $ 1,255,149   

Gross profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

     210,941        166,632   

Income (loss) from operations

     85,750        (13,048

Net income (loss)

     2,146        (71,833

EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

    

Basic

   $ 0.05      $ (1.76

Diluted

     0.04        (1.76

WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING

    

Basic

     17,110,950        17,110,950   

Diluted

     42,857,143        17,110,950   
     PRO FORMA
DECEMBER 31, 2011
       
     (1)        

Balance Sheet Data (in thousands)

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 26,629     

Working capital

     346,423     

Property, plant and equipment—net

     46,647     

Total assets

     893,142     

Long term debt and capital leases

     497,929     

Total equity

     101,557     
     PRO FORMA
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
 
      2011     2010  
     (1)     (1)  

Other Financial Data (in thousands)

    

EBITDA

   $ 123,339      $ 22,600   

Adjusted EBITDA

     123,993        85,958   
     PRO FORMA
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
 
      2011     2010  
     (1)     (1)  

Reconciliation of GAAP pro forma net income (loss) to non-GAAP pro forma EBITDA and non-GAAP pro forma Adjusted EBITDA

    

NET INCOME (LOSS)

   $ 2,146      $ (71,833

Income tax expense (benefit)

     19,668        (6,760

Interest expense—net

     65,914        66,342   

Depreciation and amortization expense

     35,611        34,851   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

EBITDA

   $ 123,339      $ 22,600   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Impairment of goodwill (2)

            62,805   

Equity based compensation (3)

     2,632        1,350   

Other income—net (4)

     (1,978     (797
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

ADJUSTED EBITDA

   $ 123,993      $ 85,958   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

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(1) 

The pro forma statement of operations, balance sheet and other financial data give effect to the Reorganization and the issuance of 15,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock at an issuance price of $15.00 per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. We intend to use all $206.4 million of the expected net proceeds from this offering to purchase newly-issued membership units from our consolidated subsidiary EDG LLC, which will be used by EDG LLC to repay certain outstanding indebtedness. We expect to use any remaining net proceeds from this offering for other general corporate purposes. For a detailed presentation of this unaudited pro forma statement of operations and balance sheet data, including a description of the transactions and assumptions underlying the pro forma adjustments giving rise to these results, see “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information” elsewhere in this prospectus.

(2) 

The year ended December 31, 2010 includes an impairment charge to goodwill of $62.8 million as a result of the fair value of certain of our predecessor’s reporting units falling below their carrying value.

(3) 

Includes non-cash compensation expense related to the issuance of equity-based awards.

(4) 

Other income—net primarily includes unrealized currency exchange gains and losses on cash balances denominated in foreign currencies and other miscellaneous items.

We use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA in our business operations to, among other things, evaluate the performance of our operating segments, develop budgets and measure our performance against those budgets, determine employee bonuses and evaluate our cash flows in terms of cash needs. We find these measures to be useful tools to assist us in evaluating financial performance because they eliminate items related to capital structure, taxes and certain non-cash charges. Our non-GAAP financial measures are not considered as alternatives to GAAP measures such as net income, operating income, net cash flows provided by operating activities or any other measure of financial performance calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures of other companies because they may not calculate such measures in the same manner as we do. We define EBITDA as net income or loss, plus interest expense, provision for income taxes, depreciation, amortization and accretion expense. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA minus equity earnings from unconsolidated affiliates, plus cash distributions received from unconsolidated affiliates, transaction costs, strategic inventory liquidation sales and inventory lower of cost or market adjustments, loss on prepayment of debt, impairment of goodwill, equity based compensation and other income and expense.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are commonly used as supplemental financial measures by management and external users of our financial statements, such as investors, commercial banks, research analysts and rating agencies, to assess: (1) our financial performance without regard to financing methods, capital structures or historical cost basis and other items that we do not believe are indicative of our core operating performance and (2) our ability to generate cash sufficient to pay interest and support our indebtedness. Since EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA exclude some, but not all, items that affect net income or loss and because these measures may vary among other companies, the EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA data presented in this prospectus may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. The GAAP measure most directly comparable to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA is net income (loss). The tables set forth above and below provide reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

 

 

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EDGEN MURRAY II, L.P. (OUR PREDECESSOR)

SUMMARY FINANCIAL DATA

 

 

 

    YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
 
     2011     2010     2009  

Statement of Operations (in thousands)

     

Sales

  $ 911,612      $ 627,713      $ 773,323   

Gross profit (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)

    134,504        90,906        100,728   

Income (loss) from operations

    38,384        (57,424     9,899   

Net loss

    (24,528     (98,288     (20,889
    DECEMBER 31,  
     2011     2010     2009  

Balance Sheet Data (in thousands)

     

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 26,218      $ 62,478      $ 65,733   

Working capital

    230,519        216,684        262,745   

Property, plant and equipment—net

    45,510        49,287        43,342   

Total assets

    551,057        464,020        563,460   

Long term debt and capital leases

    500,741        479,811        483,503   

Total deficit

    (155,053     (131,262     (29,779
    YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
 
     2011     2010     2009  

Other Financial Data (in thousands)

     

EBITDA

  $ 64,521      $ (35,936   $ 23,959   

Adjusted EBITDA

    62,577        26,661        70,564   

 

    YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
 
     2011     2010     2009  

Reconciliation of GAAP net income (loss) to non-GAAP EBITDA and non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA

     

NET LOSS

  $ (24,528   $ (98,288   $ (20,889

Income tax expense (benefit)

    4,088        (22,125     (22,373

Interest expense—net

    63,870        64,208        47,085   

Depreciation and amortization expense

    21,091        20,269        20,136   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

EBITDA

  $ 64,521      $ (35,936   $ 23,959   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Strategic inventory liquidation sales (1)

                  12,656   

Lower of cost or market adjustments to inventory (2)

                  22,469   

Transaction costs (3)

    905               3,339   

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate (4)

    (3,680     (1,029       

Distributions received from unconsolidated affiliate (4)

    835                 

Loss on prepayment of debt (5)

                  7,523   

Impairment of goodwill (6)

           62,805          

Equity based compensation (7)

    1,362        1,011        2,065   

Other income—net (8)

    (1,366     (190     (1,447
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

ADJUSTED EBITDA

  $ 62,577      $ 26,661      $ 70,564   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

(1) 

The year ended December 31, 2009 includes a loss of $12.7 million due to strategic inventory liquidation (at prices below cost) of inventory primarily related to products for the North American midstream oil and natural gas market.

(2) 

The year ended December 31, 2009 includes an inventory write-down of $22.5 million related to selling prices falling below our predecessor’s average cost of inventory in some of the markets it served.

 

 

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(3) 

Transaction costs include $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 associated with this offering and $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 of accumulated registration costs expensed during the year.

(4) 

Represents adjustment for the equity in earnings and cash distributions received as a result of our predecessor’s 14.5% ownership in B&L.

(5) 

Includes prepayment penalties and previously deferred debt issuance costs expensed as a result of the repayment of term loans during the year ended December 31, 2009.

(6) 

The year ended December 31, 2010 includes a goodwill impairment charge of $62.8 million as a result of the fair value of certain of our predecessor’s reporting units falling below the carrying value.

(7)

Includes non-cash compensation expense related to the issuance of equity based awards.

(8) 

Other income—net primarily includes unrealized currency exchange gains and losses on cash balances denominated in foreign currencies and other miscellaneous items.

 

 

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Table of Contents

SUMMARY UNAUDITED PRELIMINARY FIRST QUARTER 2012 FINANCIAL DATA

The tables below present our preliminary pro forma and our predecessor’s preliminary estimated range for sales, net income and EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2012 compared to our pro forma results and our predecessor’s actual results for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and our preliminary total combined cash and cash equivalents and total combined indebtedness at March 31, 2012 and our predecessor’s and B&L’s preliminary cash and cash equivalents and total indebtedness at March 31, 2012 compared to our predecessor’s and B&L’s actual cash and cash equivalents and total indebtedness at December 31, 2011. We have provided a range for the preliminary results described above primarily because our and our predecessor’s financial closing and review procedures for the month and quarter ended March 31, 2012 are not yet complete. We currently expect that our and our predecessor’s final results will be within the ranges described below. It is possible, however, that our and our predecessor’s final results will not be within such ranges. The preliminary pro forma financial data presented has been prepared on a basis consistent with the audited and interim financial statements included in this prospectus. Our pro forma results, based on the actual results of EM II LP and B&L, are not expected to vary materially from the results reflected in the preliminary first quarter 2012 pro forma financial data.

The preliminary pro forma and the preliminary results presented below have been prepared by, and are the responsibility of, our management. The estimates presented are preliminary and may be revised upon completion of our customary closing and quarterly review procedures. Management has prepared the estimates in good faith based upon our internal reporting and expectations at and for the three months ending March 31, 2012. Actual results could differ materially from the estimates presented, and these estimated results are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for other interim periods or for the full year ending December 31, 2012 or thereafter. These estimates and the assumptions underlying these estimates are inherently uncertain and are subject to a wide variety of significant business, economic and competitive risks. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on these estimates.

Neither our independent auditors nor any other independent accountants have compiled, examined or performed any procedures with respect to the preliminary pro forma and the preliminary results presented for the first quarter of 2012, nor have they expressed any opinion on or any other form of assurance of such information or its achievability, and assume no responsibility for, and disclaim any association with, such information.

For more information about our use of EBITDA, see “Summary Historical Consolidated and Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.”

 

 

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Table of Contents

EDGEN GROUP INC.

 

SUMMARY UNAUDITED PRELIMINARY FIRST QUARTER 2012 FINANCIAL DATA

 
     Preliminary pro forma three
months ended March 31,
    Pro forma
three months ended
March 31,
 
Statement of Operations (in thousands)    2012     2011  
     Low      High        

Sales

   $ 496,000       $ 514,000      $ 327,011   

Net income (loss)

     3,500         4,500        (5,438
       
Balance Sheet Data (in thousands)           Preliminary
March 31,
2012
    December 31,
2011
 

Cash and cash equivalents

        (1)         (1)    

EM II LP

      $ 12,300      $ 26,218   

B&L

        40        51   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total combined cash and cash equivalents

      $ 12,340      $ 26,269   

Indebtedness

       

EM II LP

       

EMC senior secured notes

      $ 462,200      $ 462,032   

EM revolving credit facility

        55,100        20,523   

Capital lease

        18,700        18,186   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

      $ 536,000      $ 500,741   

B&L

       

BL term loan

      $ 104,500      $ 116,406   

BL revolving credit facility

        10,000        17,000   

Seller Note

        50,900        49,698   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

      $ 165,400      $ 183,104   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total combined indebtedness

      $ 701,400      $ 683,845   
     

 

 

   

 

 

 
     Preliminary pro forma three
months ended March 31,
    Pro forma
three months ended
March 31,
 
Other Financial Data (in thousands)    2012     2011  
     Low      High        

EBITDA

   $ 32,000       $ 36,000      $ 23,806   
Reconciliation of GAAP pro forma net income (loss) to non-GAAP
pro forma
   Preliminary pro forma three
months ended March 31,
    Pro forma
three months ended
March 31,
 
     2012     2011  
EBITDA    Low      High        

NET INCOME (LOSS) (2)

   $ 3,500       $ 4,500      $ (5,438

Income tax expense (3)

     5,500         6,500        3,250   

Interest expense—net (4)

     15,500         16,500        17,076   

Depreciation and amortization expense

     7,500         8,500        8,918   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

EBITDA

   $ 32,000       $ 36,000      $ 23,806   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents
(1) 

Indebtedness at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 does not reflect the use of proceeds from this offering.

(2) 

Amounts for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 include (1) combined pro forma adjustments of less than $100 thousand representing transaction costs associated with this offering and additional compensation expense associated with new employment agreements for our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer that will be entered into in conjunction with this offering; (2) the elimination of $1.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, related to EM II LP’s equity in earnings in B&L; and (3) the pro forma adjustments to income tax and interest expense described below.

(3) 

Amounts include pro forma income tax adjustments of $4.3 million and $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The pro forma income tax adjustments are based on an effective tax rate of approximately 37% during the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011. The tax rates were calculated based on the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35%, as well as a blended state tax rate of approximately 2% for EM II LP and B&L, based on the various state and foreign jurisdictions in which EM II LP and B&L operate and in which their income is subject to taxation.

(4) 

Preliminary pro forma interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 has been adjusted to exclude $5.4 million and $4.6 million, respectively, related to the repayment of certain outstanding indebtedness of EM II LP and B&L in connection with this offering.

Please see “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information—Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information” for a more detailed discussion of how pro forma adjustments are calculated.

 

 

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Table of Contents

EDGEN MURRAY II LP (OUR PREDECESSOR)

SUMMARY UNAUDITED PRELIMINARY FIRST QUARTER 2012 FINANCIAL DATA

 

 

 

    Preliminary three months
ended March 31,
    Three months ended
March 31,
 
        2012             2011      
Statement of Operations (in thousands)   Low     High        

Sales

  $ 270,000      $ 287,000      $ 185,562   

Net Loss

    (3,250     (4,250     (10,018
     
Balance Sheet Data (in thousands)     Preliminary  
  March 31,  
  2012  
      December 31,  
  2011  
       

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 12,300      $ 26,218     

Indebtedness

     

EMC senior secured notes

  $ 462,200      $ 462,032     

EM revolving credit facility

    55,100        20,523     

Capital lease

    18,700        18,186     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

Total

  $ 536,000      $ 500,741     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   
     
    Preliminary three months
ended March 31,
    Three months ended
March 31,
 
        2012             2011      
Other Financial Data (in thousands)       Low             High            

EBITDA

  $ 17,000      $ 19,500      $ 11,950   
    Preliminary three months
ended March 31,
    Three months ended
March 31,
 
        2012             2011      
Reconciliation of GAAP net income (loss) to non-GAAP EBITDA       Low             High            

(in thousands)

     

NET LOSS

  $ (3,250   $ (4,250   $ (10,018

Income tax expense

    1,250        1,750        556   

Interest expense—net

    15,500        17,000        16,120   

Depreciation and amortization expense

    3,500        5,000        5,292   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

EBITDA

  $ 17,000      $ 19,500      $ 11,950   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our Class A common stock involves a significant degree of risk, including the risks described below. You should carefully consider the following risk factors and the other information in this prospectus before deciding to invest in our Class A common stock. Any of the following risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you may lose all or part of your original investment.

Risks relating to our business

Volatility in the global energy infrastructure market, and, in particular, a significant decline in oil and natural gas prices and refining margins, has in the past reduced, and could in the future reduce, the demand for the products we supply, which could cause our sales and margins to decrease.

Proceeds from the sale of products to the global energy infrastructure market constitute a significant portion of our sales. As a result, we depend upon the global energy infrastructure market, and in particular the oil and natural gas industry, and upon the ability and willingness of industry participants to make capital expenditures to explore for, develop and produce, transport, process and refine oil and natural gas. The industry’s willingness to make these expenditures depends largely upon the availability of attractive drilling prospects, regulatory requirements and limitations, the prevailing view of future oil and natural gas prices, refinery margins and general economic conditions. As we experienced in 2009, 2010 and continuing into 2011, volatile oil and natural gas prices can lead to variable capital expenditures and infrastructure project spending by industry participants, which in turn can affect the demand for the products we supply. Further sustained decreases in capital expenditures in the oil and natural gas industry could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Many factors affect the supply of and demand for oil and natural gas and refined products, thereby affecting our sales and margins, including:

 

  n  

the level of U.S. and worldwide oil and natural gas production;

 

  n  

the level of U.S. and worldwide supplies of, and demand for, oil, natural gas and refined products;

 

  n  

the discovery rates of new oil and natural gas resources;

 

  n  

the expected cost of delivery of oil, natural gas and refined products;

 

  n  

the availability of attractive oil and natural gas fields for production, which may be affected by governmental action or environmental policy, which may restrict exploration and development prospects;

 

  n  

U.S. and worldwide refinery utilization rates;

 

  n  

the amount of capital available for development and maintenance of oil, natural gas and refined products infrastructure;

 

  n  

changes in the cost or availability of transportation infrastructure and pipeline capacity;

 

  n  

levels of oil and natural gas exploration activity;

 

  n  

national, governmental and other political requirements, including the ability of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries to set and maintain production levels and pricing;

 

  n  

the impact of political instability, terrorist activities, piracy or armed hostilities involving one or more oil and natural gas producing nations;

 

  n  

pricing and other actions taken by competitors that impact the market;

 

  n  

the failure by industry participants to implement planned capital projects successfully or to realize the benefits expected for those projects;

 

  n  

the cost of, and relative political momentum in respect of, developing alternative energy sources;

 

  n  

U.S. and non-U.S. governmental laws and regulations, especially anti-bribery law enforcement in underdeveloped nations, environmental and safety laws and regulations (including mandated changes in fuel consumption and specifications), trade laws, commodities and derivatives trading regulations and tax policies;

 

  n  

the impact of proposed legislation that may repeal or significantly reduce certain tax incentives and subsidies available to oil and natural gas companies;

 

  n  

technological advances in the oil and natural gas industry;

 

  n  

natural disasters, including hurricanes, tsunamis, earthquakes and other weather-related events; and

 

  n  

the overall global economic environment.

 

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Table of Contents

Oil and natural gas prices and processing and refining margins have been and are expected to remain volatile. This volatility may cause our customers to change their strategies and capital expenditure levels. We are experiencing, have experienced in the past and may experience in the future, significant fluctuations in our business, financial condition and results of operations based on these changes. In particular, such continued volatility in the oil, natural gas and refined products margins and markets more generally could materially and adversely affect our business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

The prices we pay and charge for steel products, and the availability of steel products generally, may fluctuate due to a number of factors beyond our control, which could materially and adversely affect the value of our inventory, business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

We purchase large quantities of steel products from our suppliers for distribution to our customers. The steel industry as a whole is cyclical and at times pricing and availability of these products change depending on many factors outside of our control, such as general global economic conditions, competition, consolidation of steel producers, cost and availability of raw materials necessary to produce steel (such as iron ore, coking coal and steel scrap), production levels, labor costs, freight and shipping costs, natural disasters, political instability, import duties, tariffs and other trade restrictions, currency fluctuations and surcharges imposed by our suppliers.

We seek to maintain our profit margins by attempting to increase the prices we charge for the products we supply in response to increases in the prices we pay for them. However, demand for the products we supply, the actions of our competitors, our contracts with certain of our customers and other factors largely out of our control will influence whether, and to what extent, we can pass any such steel cost increases and surcharges on to our customers. We may be unable to pass increased supply costs on to our customers because a portion of our sales are derived from stocking program arrangements, contracts and MRO arrangements which provide certain customers time limited price protection, which may obligate us to sell products at a set price for a specific period or because of general competitive conditions. If we are unable to pass on higher costs and surcharges to our customers, or if we are unable to do so in a timely manner, our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity could be materially and adversely affected.

Alternatively, if the price of steel decreases significantly or if demand for the products we supply decreases because of increased customer, manufacturer or distributor inventory levels of specialty steel pipe, pipe components, high yield structural steel products and valves, we may be required to reduce the prices we charge for the products we supply to remain competitive. These factors may affect our gross profit and cash flow and may also require us to write-down the value of inventory on hand that we purchased prior to the steel price decreases, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. For example, on a pro forma basis, we had inventory write-downs of $61.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, related to selling prices falling below the average cost of inventory in some of the markets we serve, including the U.S. and the Middle East. Although neither our predecessor nor B&L had any material inventory write-downs during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, there can be no assurances such write-downs will not occur in the future.

Our business could also be negatively impacted by the importation of lower-cost specialty steel products into the U.S. market. An increase in the level of imported lower-cost products could adversely affect our business to the extent that we then have higher-cost products in inventory or if prices and margins are driven down by increased supplies of such products. These events could also have a material adverse effect on our profit margins and results of operations. These risks may be heightened if recently imposed tariffs on certain imported competing products and OCTG are reduced, eliminated or allowed to expire.

In addition, the domestic metals production industry has experienced consolidation in recent years. Further consolidation could result in a decrease in the number of our major suppliers or a decrease in the number of alternative supply sources available to us, which could make it more likely that termination of one or more of our relationships with major suppliers would result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Consolidation could also result in price increases for the products that we purchase. Such price increases could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows if we were not able to pass these price increases on to our customers.

 

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We may experience unexpected supply shortages.

We supply products from a wide variety of vendors and suppliers. In the future we may have difficulty obtaining the products we need from suppliers and manufacturers as a result of unexpected demand or production difficulties. Also, products may not be available to us in quantities sufficient to meet customer demand. Failure to fulfill customer orders in a timely manner could have an adverse effect on our relationships with these customers. Our inability to obtain products from suppliers and manufacturers in sufficient quantities to meet demand could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We maintain an inventory of products for which we do not have firm customer orders. As a result, if prices or sales volumes decline, our profit margins and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our profitability, margins and cash flows may be negatively affected if we are unable to sell our inventory in a timely manner. Because we maintain substantial inventories of specialty steel products for which we do not have firm customer orders, there is a risk that we will be unable to sell our existing inventory at the volumes and prices we expect. For example, the value of our inventory could decline if the prices we are able to charge our customers decline. In that case, we may experience reduced margins or losses as we dispose of higher-cost products at reduced market prices. For instance, during the year ended December 31, 2009, our predecessor incurred losses of $12.7 million due to strategic inventory liquidation (at prices below cost) of inventory related primarily to products for the North American midstream oil and natural gas market. Although neither our predecessor nor B&L incurred significant losses related to inventory liquidation during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, there can be no assurance that such losses will not occur in the future.

Our ten largest customers account for a substantial portion of our sales and profits, and the loss of any of these customers could result in materially decreased sales and profits.

Our ten largest customers accounted for approximately 35% of our pro forma sales for the year ended December 31, 2011. We may lose a customer for any number of reasons, including as a result of a merger or acquisition, the selection of another provider of specialty steel products, business failure or bankruptcy of the customer or dissatisfaction with our performance. Consistent with industry practice, we do not have long-term contracts with most of our major customers. Additionally our customers with whom we do not have fixed-term contracts have the ability to terminate their relationships with us at any time. Moreover, to the extent we have contracts with our major customers, these contracts generally may be discontinued with 30 days notice by either party, are not exclusive and do not require minimum levels of purchases. Loss of any of our major customers could adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flow.

Our business is sensitive to economic downturns and adverse credit market conditions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

Aspects of our business, including demand for and availability of the products we supply, are dependent on, among other things, the state of the global economy and adverse conditions in the global credit markets. Our business has been affected in the past and may be affected in the future by the following:

 

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our customers reducing or eliminating capital expenditures as a result of reduced demand from their customers;

 

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our customers not being able to obtain sufficient funding at a reasonable cost or at all as a result of tightening credit markets, which may result in delayed or cancelled projects or maintenance expenditures;

 

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our customers not being able to pay us in a timely manner, or at all, as a result of declines in their cash flows or available credit;

 

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experiencing supply shortages for certain products if our suppliers reduce production as a result of reduced demand for their products or as a result of limitations on their ability to access credit for their operations;

 

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experiencing tighter credit terms from our suppliers, which could increase our working capital needs and potentially reduce our liquidity; and

 

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the value of our inventory declining if the sales prices we are able to charge our customers decline.

As a result of these and other effects, economic downturns such as the one we recently experienced have, and could in the future, materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

 

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In addition, market disruptions, such as the recent global economic recession, could adversely affect the creditworthiness of lenders under our debt facilities. Any reduced credit availability under our credit facilities could require us to seek other forms of liquidity through financing in the future and the availability of such financing will depend on market conditions prevailing at that time.

We rely on our suppliers to meet the required specifications for the products we purchase from them, and we may have unreimbursed losses arising from our suppliers’ failure to meet such specifications.

We rely on our suppliers to provide mill certifications that attest to the specifications and physical and chemical properties of the steel products that we purchase from them for resale. We generally do not undertake independent testing of any such steel but rely on our customers or assigned third-party inspection services to notify us of any products that do not conform to the specifications certified by the mill or equipment fabricators. We may be subject to customer claims and other damages if products purchased from our suppliers are deemed to not meet customer specifications. These damages could exceed any amounts that we are able to recover from our suppliers or under our insurance policies. Failure to provide products that meet our customer’s specifications would adversely affect our relationship with such customer, which could negatively impact our business and results of operations.

Loss of key suppliers could decrease our sales volumes and overall profitability.

For the year ended December 31, 2011, our ten largest suppliers accounted for approximately 65% of our pro forma purchases and our single largest supplier accounted for approximately 26% of our pro forma purchases. Consistent with industry practice, we do not have long-term contracts with most of our suppliers. Therefore, most of our suppliers have the ability to terminate their relationships with us or reduce their planned allocations of product to us at any time. The loss of any of these suppliers due to merger or acquisition, business failure, bankruptcy or other reason could put us at a competitive disadvantage by decreasing the availability or increasing the prices, or both, of products we supply, which in turn could result in a decrease in our sales volumes and overall profitability.

Loss of third-party transportation providers upon which we depend, failure of such third-party transportation providers to deliver high quality service or conditions negatively affecting the transportation industry could increase our costs and disrupt our operations.

We depend upon third-party transportation providers for delivery of products to our customers. Shortages of transportation vessels, transportation disruptions or other adverse conditions in the transportation industry due to shortages of truck drivers, strikes, slowdowns, piracy, terrorism, disruptions in rail service, closures of shipping routes, unavailability of ports and port service for other reasons, increases in fuel prices and adverse weather conditions could increase our costs and disrupt our operations and our ability to deliver products to our customers on a timely basis. We cannot predict whether or to what extent any of these factors would affect our costs or otherwise harm our business. In addition, the failure of our third-party transportation providers to provide high quality customer service when delivering product to our customers would adversely affect our reputation and our relationship with our customers and could negatively impact our business and results of operations.

Significant competition from a number of companies could reduce our market share and have an adverse effect on our selling prices, sales volumes and results of operations.

We operate in a highly competitive industry and compete against a number of other market participants, some of which have significantly greater financial, technological and marketing resources than we do. We compete primarily on the basis of pricing, availability of specialty products and customer service. We may be unable to compete successfully with respect to these or other competitive factors. If we fail to compete effectively, we could lose market share to our competitors. Moreover, our competitors’ actions could have an adverse effect on our selling prices and sales volume. To compete for customers, we may elect to lower selling prices or offer increased services at a higher cost to us, each of which could reduce our sales, margins and earnings. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully in the future, and our failure to do so could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Loss of key management or sales and customer service personnel could harm our business.

Our future success depends to a significant extent on the skills, experience and efforts of management. While we have not experienced problems in the past attracting and retaining members of our management team, the loss of any or all of these individuals could materially and adversely affect our business. We do not carry key-man life insurance on any member of management other than a policy inherited by us for our Chief Operating Officer, Craig S. Kiefer. We must continue to develop and retain a core group of individuals if we are to realize our goal of continued expansion and growth. We cannot assure you that we will be able to do so in the future.

 

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Because of the specialized nature of the products we supply and services we provide, generally only highly qualified and trained sales and customer service personnel have the necessary skills to market our products and provide product support to our customers. Such employees develop relationships with our customers that could be damaged or lost if these employees are not retained. We face intense competition for the hiring of these professionals. Any failure on our part to hire, train and retain a sufficient number of qualified sales and customer service personnel could materially and adversely affect our business. In particular, our efforts to continue expansion internationally will be dependent on our ability to continue to hire and train a skilled and knowledgeable sales force to attract customers in these markets. In addition, a significant increase in the wages paid by competing employers could result in a reduction of our skilled labor force, increases in the wage rates that we must pay, or both. The actual occurrence of any of these events could appreciably increase our cost structure and, as a result, materially impair our growth potential and our results of operations.

The development of alternatives to steel product distributors in the supply chain in the industries in which we operate could cause a decrease in our sales and results of operations and limit our ability to grow our business.

If our customers were to acquire or develop the capability and desire to purchase products directly from our suppliers in a competitive fashion, it would likely reduce our sales volume and overall profitability. Our suppliers also could expand their own local sales forces, marketing capabilities and inventory stocking capabilities and sell more products directly to our customers. Likewise, customers could purchase from our suppliers directly in situations where large orders are being placed and where inventory and logistics support planning are not necessary in connection with the delivery of the products. These and other actions that remove us from, limit our role in, or reduce the value that our services provide in the distribution chain could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our customers that are pursuing unconventional or offshore oil and natural gas resources, or that are using new drilling and extraction technologies, such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, could face regulatory, political and economic challenges that may result in increased costs and additional operating restrictions or delays as well as adversely affect our business and operating results.

The pursuit of unconventional oil and natural gas resources, the expansion of offshore drilling and exploration, as well as new drilling and extraction technologies, including hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, have received significant regulatory and political focus. Hydraulic fracturing is an essential technology for the development and production of unconventional oil and natural gas resources. The hydraulic fracturing process in the U.S. is typically subject to state and local regulation, and has been exempt from federal regulation since 2005 pursuant to the federal Safe Drinking Water Act (except when the fracturing fluids or propping agents contain diesel fuels). Public concerns have been raised regarding the potential impact of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water. Two companion bills, known collectively as the Fracturing Responsibility and Awareness of Chemicals Act, or FRAC Act, have been introduced before the U.S. Congress that would repeal the Safe Drinking Water Act exemption and otherwise restrict hydraulic fracturing. If enacted, the FRAC Act could result in additional regulatory burdens such as permitting, construction, financial assurance, monitoring, recordkeeping and plugging and abandonment requirements. The FRAC Act also proposes requiring the disclosure of chemical constituents used in the hydraulic fracturing process to state or federal regulatory authorities, who would then make such information publicly available. Several states have enacted similar chemical disclosure regulations. The availability of this information could make it easier for third parties to initiate legal proceedings based on allegations that specific chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing process could adversely affect groundwater.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency, or the EPA, is conducting a comprehensive study of the potential environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing activities, and a committee of the House of Representatives is also conducting an investigation of hydraulic fracturing practices. In August and November 2011, the United States Department of Energy Shale Gas Subcommittee, or DOE, issued two reports on measures that can be taken to reduce the potential environmental impacts of shale gas production. The results of the DOE and EPA studies and House investigation could lead to restrictions on hydraulic fracturing. The EPA is currently working on new interpretive guidance for Safe Drinking Water Act permits that would be required with respect to the oil and natural gas wells that use fracturing fluids or propping agents containing diesel fuels. The EPA has proposed regulations under the federal Clean Air Act in July 2011 regarding certain criteria and hazardous air pollutant emissions from the hydraulic fracturing of oil and natural gas wells and, in October 2011, announced its intention to propose regulations by 2014 under the federal Clean Water Act to regulate wastewater discharges from hydraulic fracturing

 

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and other gas production. In addition, various state and local governments, as well as the United States Department of Interior and certain river basin commissions, have taken steps to increase regulatory oversight of hydraulic fracturing through additional permit requirements, operational restrictions, disclosure obligations and temporary or permanent bans on hydraulic fracturing in certain local jurisdictions or in environmentally sensitive areas such as watersheds. Any future federal, state or local laws or regulations imposing reporting obligations on, or otherwise limiting, the hydraulic fracturing process could make it more difficult to complete oil and natural gas wells in certain formations. Any decrease in drilling activity resulting from the increased regulatory restrictions and costs associated with hydraulic fracturing, or any permanent, temporary or regional prohibition of the uses of this technology, could adversely affect demand for the products we supply and our results of operations.

In addition to regulatory challenges facing hydraulic fracturing, the process of extracting hydrocarbons from shale formations requires access to water, chemicals and proppants. If any of these necessary components of the fracturing process is in short supply in a particular operating area or in general, the pace of drilling could be slowed, which could reduce demand for the products we supply.

Another source of oil and natural gas resources facing increased regulation is offshore drilling and exploration. The April 2010 Deepwater Horizon accident in the Gulf of Mexico and its aftermath resulted in increased public scrutiny, including a moratorium on offshore drilling in the U.S. While the moratorium has been lifted, there has been a delay in resuming operations related to drilling offshore in areas impacted by the moratorium, and we cannot assure you that operations related to drilling offshore in such areas will reach the same levels that existed prior to the moratorium or that a future moratorium may not arise. In addition, this event has resulted in new and proposed legislation and regulation in the U.S. of the offshore oil and natural gas industry, which may result in substantial increases in costs or delays in drilling or other operations in U.S. waters, oil and natural gas projects potentially becoming less economically viable and reduced demand for the products we supply and services we provide. Other countries in which we operate may also consider moratoriums or increase regulation with respect to offshore drilling. If future moratoriums or increased regulations on offshore drilling or contracting services operations arose in the U.S. or other countries, our customers could be required to cease their offshore drilling activities or face higher operating costs in those areas. These events and any other regulatory and political challenges with respect to unconventional oil and natural gas resources and new drilling and extraction technologies could reduce demand for the products we supply and materially and adversely affect our business and operating results.

Changes in the payment terms we receive from our suppliers could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity.

The payment terms we receive from our suppliers are dependent on several factors, including, but not limited to, our payment history with the supplier, the supplier’s credit granting policies, contractual provisions, our credit profile, industry conditions, global economic conditions, our recent operating results, financial position and cash flows and the supplier’s ability to obtain credit insurance on amounts that we owe them. Adverse changes in any of these factors, many of which may not be wholly in our control, may induce our suppliers to shorten the payment terms of their invoices. For example, as a result of the worldwide economic recession and its impact on steel demand and prices, some of our suppliers have experienced a reduction in trade credit insurance available to them for sales to foreign accounts. This reduction in trade credit insurance has resulted in certain suppliers reducing the available credit they grant to us and/or requiring other forms of credit support, including letters of credit and payment guarantees under the revolving credit facility available to EMC and certain of EM II LP’s non-U.S. subsidiaries, which we refer to as the EM revolving credit facility. Providing this credit support decreases availability under this credit facility. Since we incur costs for trade finance instruments under our revolving credit facilities, this trend has increased our borrowing costs, although not significantly. Given the large amounts and volume of our purchases from suppliers, a change in payment terms may have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and our ability to make payments to our suppliers, and consequently may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We are a holding company with no revenue generating operations of our own. We depend on the performance of our subsidiaries and their ability to make distributions to us.

We are a holding company with no business operations, sources of income or assets of our own other than our ownership interests in our subsidiaries. Because all of our operations are conducted by our subsidiaries, our cash flow and our ability to repay debt that we currently have and that we may incur after this offering and our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders are dependent upon cash dividends and distributions or other transfers from our

 

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subsidiaries. Payment of dividends, distributions, loans or advances by our subsidiaries to us are subject to restrictions imposed by our revolving credit agreements and the indenture governing the EMC senior secured notes. Our revolving credit agreements also limit our ability to allocate cash flow or resources among certain subsidiaries. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt.” In addition, payments or distributions from our subsidiaries could be subject to restrictions on dividends or repatriation of earnings, monetary transfer restrictions and foreign currency exchange regulations in the jurisdictions in which our subsidiaries operate. In particular, EMGH Limited, our principal U.K. subsidiary, may under English law only pay dividends out of distributable profits.

Our subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities. Any right that we have to receive any assets of or distributions from any of our subsidiaries upon the bankruptcy, dissolution, liquidation or reorganization of any such subsidiary, or to realize proceeds from the sale of their assets, will be junior to the claims of that subsidiary’s creditors, including trade creditors and holders of debt issued by that subsidiary.

Risks generally associated with acquisitions, including identifying and integrating future acquisitions, could adversely affect our growth strategy.

A key element of our growth strategy has been, and is expected to be, the pursuit of acquisitions of other businesses that either expand or complement our global platform. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to consummate future acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all, because of uncertainty in respect of competition for such acquisitions, availability of financial resources or regulatory approval or other reasons. Additionally, we cannot assure you that we will be able to identify additional acquisitions or that we would realize any anticipated benefits from such acquisitions. Integrating businesses involves a number of risks, including the possibility that management may be distracted from regular business concerns by the need to integrate operations, unforeseen difficulties in integrating operations and systems, problems concerning assimilating and retaining the employees of the acquired business, accounting issues that arise in connection with the acquisition, including amortization of acquired assets, challenges in retaining customers, assumption of known or unknown material liabilities or regulatory non-compliance issues and potentially adverse short-term effects on cash flow or operating results. Acquired businesses may require a greater amount of capital, infrastructure or other spending than we anticipate. In addition, we may incur debt to finance future acquisitions, which could increase our leverage. Further, we may face additional risks to the extent that we make acquisitions of international companies or involving international operations, including, among other things, compliance with foreign regulatory requirements, political risks, difficulties in enforcement of third-party contractual obligations and integration of international operations with our domestic operations. If we are unable to successfully complete and integrate strategic acquisitions in a timely manner, our growth strategy could be adversely impacted.

Our global operations, in particular those in emerging markets, are subject to various risks which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our business is subject to certain risks associated with doing business globally, particularly in emerging markets. Our sales outside of the U.S. represented approximately 21% and 19% of our pro forma sales for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. One of our growth strategies is to pursue opportunities for our business in a variety of geographies outside the U.S., which could be adversely affected by the risks set forth below. Our operations are subject to risks associated with the political, regulatory and economic conditions of the countries in which we operate, such as:

 

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the burden of complying with multiple and possibly conflicting laws and any unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, including those disrupting purchasing and distribution capabilities;

 

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foreign currency exchange controls, import and export restrictions and tariffs, including restrictions promulgated by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, and other trade protection regulations and measures;

 

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political risks, including risks of loss due to civil disturbances, acts of terrorism, acts of war, piracy, guerilla activities and insurrection;

 

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unstable economic, financial and market conditions and increased expenses as a result of inflation, or higher interest rates;

 

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difficulties in enforcement of third-party contractual obligations and collecting receivables through foreign legal systems;

 

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  n  

foreign governmental regulations that favor or require the awarding of contracts to local contractors or by regulations requiring foreign contractors to employ citizens of, or purchase supplies from, a particular jurisdiction;

 

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difficulty in staffing and managing international operations and the application of foreign labor regulations;

 

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workforce uncertainty in countries where labor unrest is more common than in the U.S.;

 

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differing local product preferences and product requirements;

 

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fluctuations in currency exchange rates to the extent that our assets or liabilities are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the country where we operate;

 

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potentially adverse tax consequences from changes in tax laws, requirements relating to withholding taxes on remittances and other payments by subsidiaries and restrictions on our ability to repatriate dividends from our subsidiaries;

 

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exposure to liabilities under anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws and regulations, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 and similar laws and regulations in other jurisdictions; and

 

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enhanced costs associated with complying with increasing anti-corruption and anti-money laundering governmental regulation.

Any one of these factors could materially adversely affect our sales of products or services to global customers or harm our reputation, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Exchange rate fluctuations could adversely affect our results of operations and financial position.

In the ordinary course of our business, we enter into purchase and sales commitments that are denominated in currencies that differ from the functional currency used by our operating subsidiaries. Currency exchange rate fluctuations can create volatility in our consolidated financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows. Although we may enter into foreign exchange agreements with financial institutions in order to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, these transactions, if entered into, will not eliminate that risk entirely. To the extent that we are unable to match sales received in foreign currencies with expenses paid in the same currency, exchange rate fluctuations could have a negative impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows. Additionally, because our consolidated financial results are reported in U.S. dollars, if we generate net sales or earnings within entities whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, the translation of such amounts into U.S. dollars can result in an increase or decrease in the amount of our net sales or earnings. With respect to our potential exposure to foreign currency fluctuations and devaluations, for the year ended December 31, 2011, approximately 21% of our pro forma sales originated from subsidiaries outside of the U.S. in currencies including, among others, the pound sterling, euro and U.S. dollar. As a result, a material decrease in the value of these currencies may have a negative impact on our reported sales, net income and cash flows. Any currency controls implemented by local monetary authorities in countries where we currently operate could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Due to the global nature of our business, we could be adversely affected by violations of the FCPA, similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions in which we operate, and various international trade and export laws.

The global nature of our business creates various domestic and local regulatory challenges. FCPA, and similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit U.S.-based companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. The U.K. Bribery Act 2010 prohibits certain entities from making improper payments to governmental officials and to commercial entities. Our policies mandate compliance with these and other anti-bribery laws. We operate in many parts of the world that experience corruption by government officials to some degree and, in certain circumstances, compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices. Our global operations require us to import and export to and from myriad countries, which geographically stretches our compliance obligations. To help ensure compliance, our anti-bribery policy and training on a global basis provide our employees with procedures, guidelines and information about anti-bribery obligations and compliance. Further, we require our partners, subcontractors, agents and others who work for us or on our behalf to comply with anti-bribery laws. We also have procedures and controls in place designed to ensure internal and external compliance. However, such anti-bribery policy, training, internal controls and procedures will not always protect us from reckless, criminal or unintentional acts committed by our employees, agents or other persons associated with us. If we are found to be in violation of the FCPA, the U.K.

 

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Bribery Act 2010 or other anti-bribery laws (either due to acts or inadvertence of our employees, or due to the acts or inadvertence of others), we could suffer criminal or civil penalties or other sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Hurricanes or other adverse weather events could negatively affect our local economies or disrupt our operations, which could have an adverse effect on our business or results of operations.

Our geographic market areas in the southeastern U.S. and APAC are susceptible to tropical storms, or, in more severe cases, hurricanes and typhoons, respectively. Such weather events can disrupt our operations or those of our customers or suppliers, result in damage to our properties and negatively affect the local economies in which we operate. Additionally, we may experience communication disruptions with our customers, suppliers and employees.

We cannot predict whether, or to what extent, damage caused by future hurricanes and tropical storms will affect our operations or the economies in those market areas. Such weather events could result in a disruption of our purchasing and distribution capabilities, an interruption of our business that exceeds our insurance coverage, our inability to collect from customers, the inability of our suppliers to provide product, the inability of third-party transportation providers to deliver product and increased operating costs. Our business or results of operations may be adversely affected by these and other negative effects of hurricanes or other adverse weather events.

Our sales backlog is subject to unexpected fluctuations, adjustments and cancellations and may not be a reliable indicator of our future earnings.

Our sales backlog represents management’s estimate of potential future revenues that may result from contracts or orders currently awarded to us by our customers. Sales backlog is determined by the amount of undelivered third party customer purchase orders and may be revised upward or downward, or cancelled by our customers in certain instances. There can be no assurance that sales backlog will ultimately be realized as revenue, or that we will earn a profit on any of our sales backlog. Realization of revenue from our sales backlog is dependent on, among other things, our ability to fulfill purchase orders and transfer title to customers, which is in turn dependent on a number of factors, including our ability to obtain products from our suppliers. Further, because of the project nature of our business, sales orders and sales backlog can vary materially from period to period.

We rely on our information technology systems to manage numerous aspects of our business and customer and supplier relationships, and a disruption of these systems could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We depend on our information technology, or IT, systems to manage numerous aspects of our business transactions and provide analytical information to management. Our IT systems allow us to efficiently purchase products from our suppliers, provide procurement and logistics services, ship products to our customers on a timely basis, maintain cost-effective operations and provide superior service to our customers. Our IT systems are an essential component of our business and growth strategies, and a disruption to our IT systems could significantly limit our ability to manage and operate our business efficiently. These systems are vulnerable to, among other things, damage and interruption from power loss, including as a result of natural disasters, computer system and network failures, loss of telecommunications services, operator negligence, loss of data, security breaches and computer viruses. Any such disruption could adversely affect our competitive position and thereby our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our operations and those of our customers are subject to environmental laws and regulations. Liabilities or claims with respect to environmental matters could materially and adversely affect our business.

Our operations and those of our customers are subject to extensive and frequently changing federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to the protection of human health and the environment, including those limiting the discharge and release of pollutants into the environment and those regulating the transport, use, treatment, storage, disposal and remediation of, and exposure to, hazardous materials, substances and wastes. Failure to comply with environmental laws and regulations may trigger a variety of administrative, civil and criminal enforcement measures, including the assessment of fines and penalties, imposition of remedial requirements and the issuance of orders enjoining future operations or imposing additional compliance requirements on such operations. In addition, certain environmental laws can impose strict, joint and several liability without regard to fault on responsible parties, including past and present owners and operators of sites, related to cleaning up sites at which hazardous wastes or materials were disposed or released even if the disposals or releases were in compliance with applicable law at the time of those actions.

 

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Our customers operate primarily in the upstream, midstream and downstream end-markets for oil and natural gas, each of which is highly regulated due to high level of perceived environmental risk. Liability under environmental laws and regulations could result in cancellation of or reduction in future oil and natural gas related activity. Future events, such as the discovery of currently unknown contamination or other matters, spills caused by future pipeline ruptures, changes in existing environmental laws and regulations or their interpretation and more vigorous enforcement policies by regulatory agencies, may give rise to additional expenditures or liabilities for our operations or those of our customers, which could impair our operations and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

In addition, various current and likely future federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations could regulate climate change and the emission of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide and methane. Future climate change regulation could reduce demand for the use of fossil fuels, which could adversely impact the operations of our customers. We cannot predict the impact that such regulation may have, or that climate change may otherwise have, on our business.

Increased regulatory focus on worker safety and health, including pipeline safety, could subject us and our customers to significant liabilities and compliance expenditures.

Companies undertaking oil and natural gas extraction, processing and transmission infrastructure across the upstream, midstream and downstream end-markets are facing increasingly strict safety requirements as they manage and build infrastructure. As a result, our operations and those of our customers are subject to increasingly strict federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations governing worker safety and employee health, including pipeline safety and exposure to hazardous materials. Future environmental and safety compliance could require the use of more specialized products and higher rates of maintenance, repair and replacement to ensure the integrity of our customers’ facilities. The Pipeline Inspection, Protection, Enforcement and Safety Act has established a regulatory framework that mandates comprehensive testing and replacement programs for transmission lines across the U.S. Pipeline safety is subject to state regulation as well as by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration of the United States Department of Transportation, which, among other things, regulates natural gas and hazardous liquid pipelines. The Pipeline Safety, Regulatory Certainty and Job Creation Act of 2011 bill that would further enhance federal regulation of pipeline safety passed Congress in December 2011. From time to time, administrative or judicial proceedings or investigations may be brought by private parties or government agencies, or stricter enforcement could arise, with respect to pipeline safety and employee health matters. Such proceedings or investigations, stricter enforcement or increased regulation of pipeline safety could result in fines or costs or a disruption of our operations and those of our customers, all of which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We could be subject to personal injury, property damage, product liability, warranty, environmental and other claims involving allegedly defective products that we supply.

The products we supply are often used in potentially hazardous applications that could result in death, personal injury, property damage, environmental damage, loss of production, punitive damages and consequential damages. Actual or claimed defects in the products we supply may result in our being named as a defendant in lawsuits asserting potentially large claims despite our not having manufactured the products alleged to have been defective. We may offer warranty terms that exceed those of the supplier, or we and the supplier may be financially unable to cover the losses and damages caused by any defective products that it manufactured and we supplied. Finally, the third-party supplier may be in a jurisdiction where it is impossible or very difficult to enforce our rights to obtain contribution in the event of a claim against us.

We may not have adequate insurance for potential liabilities.

In the ordinary course of business, we may be subject to various product and non-product related claims, laws and administrative proceedings seeking damages or other remedies arising out of our commercial operations. We maintain insurance to cover our potential exposure for most claims and losses. However, our insurance coverage is subject to various exclusions, self-retentions and deductibles, may be inadequate or unavailable to protect us fully, and may be canceled or otherwise terminated by the insurer. Furthermore, we face the following additional risks under our insurance coverage:

 

  n  

we may not be able to continue to obtain insurance coverage on commercially reasonable terms, or at all;

 

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  n  

we may be faced with types of liabilities that are not covered under our insurance policies, such as damages from environmental contamination or terrorist attacks, and that exceed any amounts we may have reserved for such liabilities;

 

  n  

the amount of any liabilities that we may face may exceed our policy limits and any amounts we may have reserved for such liabilities; and

 

  n  

we may incur losses resulting from interruption of our business that may not be fully covered under our insurance policies.

Even a partially uninsured claim of significant size, if successful, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. However, even if we successfully defend ourselves against any such claim, we could be forced to spend a substantial amount of money in litigation expenses, our management could be required to spend valuable time in the defense against these claims and our reputation could suffer, any of which could harm our business and financial condition.

Our internal controls over financial reporting may not be effective, which could have a significant and adverse effect on our business and reputation.

We are evaluating our internal controls over financial reporting in order to allow management to report on the design and operational effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, and rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, thereunder, which we refer to as Section 404. We are in the process of documenting and initiating tests of our internal control procedures in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404, which requires annual management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. During the course of our testing, we may identify deficiencies which we may not be able to remediate in time to meet the deadline imposed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for compliance with the requirements of Section 404. We are required to comply with the requirements of Section 404 for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2013. In addition, if we fail to achieve and maintain the adequacy of our internal controls over financial reporting, as such standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404. We cannot be certain as to the timing of completion of our evaluation, testing and any remediation actions or the impact of the same on our operations. If we are not able to implement the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner or with adequate compliance we may be subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities, such as the SEC. As a result, there could be a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements. In addition, we may be required to incur costs in improving our internal control system and the hiring of additional personnel. Any such action could adversely affect our results of operations.

We may incur asset impairment charges for goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets, which would result in lower reported net income (or higher net losses).

Under accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., we are required to evaluate our goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually, and additionally whenever a triggering event occurs that indicates the carrying value may not be recoverable.

During 2010, we performed an interim goodwill impairment analysis that indicated the book value of goodwill for our predecessor’s Americas and United Arab Emirates (UAE) reporting units exceeded their estimated fair value. As a result, our predecessor recorded an impairment charge of $62.8 million, which is reflected in its statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2010. At December 31, 2011, there was no goodwill balance remaining at our predecessor’s Americas and UAE reporting units after this impairment charge and a total of $23.0 million of goodwill remained in our predecessor’s U.K. and Singapore reporting units. In connection with the performance of the interim goodwill impairment analysis, tradenames and trademarks were also tested for impairment and no impairment was recorded by our predecessor as the fair value of the tradenames and trademarks exceeded their carrying value at the review date. At December 31, 2011, the book value of tradenames and trademarks on our pro forma balance sheet was $21.4 million and there were no impairment charges recorded by our predecessor or B&L during the year ended December 31, 2011.

In assessing the recoverability of our goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets, we must make assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows and other factors to determine the fair value of the respective assets. Any

 

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significant changes to any of these assumptions or factors could have a material impact on the results of our goodwill impairment analysis. If goodwill is determined to be impaired for any of our reporting units now or in the future, a non-cash charge would be required. Any such charge would result in lower reported net income (or higher net losses)

Risks related to our existing indebtedness

We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness.

Our ability to make payments on our indebtedness depends on our ability to generate cash in the future. Subsequent to the Reorganization, we expect that the EMC senior secured notes, our credit facilities and our other outstanding indebtedness will account for significant cash interest expense in 2012 and subsequent years. Accordingly, we will have to generate significant cash flow from operations solely to meet our debt service requirements. If we do not generate sufficient cash flow to meet our debt service and working capital requirements, we may need to seek additional financing; however, this insufficient cash flow may make it more difficult for us to obtain financing on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. Furthermore, none of EM II LP, B&L or their respective members or affiliates, including JCP, has any obligation to provide us with debt or equity financing, and we therefore may be unable to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness.

We may need additional capital in the future and it may not be available on acceptable terms.

We may require additional capital in the future to do the following:

 

  n  

fund our operations;

 

  n  

finance investments in equipment and infrastructure needed to maintain and expand our distribution capabilities;

 

  n  

enhance and expand the range of products and services we offer;

 

  n  

respond to potential strategic opportunities, such as investments, acquisitions and expansion; and

 

  n  

service or refinance our indebtedness.

Because of our high level of outstanding indebtedness, additional financing may not be available on terms favorable to us, or at all. The terms of available financing may restrict our financial and operating flexibility. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms, we may be forced to reduce our operations or delay, limit or abandon expansion opportunities. Moreover, even if we are able to continue our operations, the failure to obtain additional financing could adversely affect our ability to compete.

Some of our indebtedness is subject to floating interest rates, which would result in our interest expense increasing if interest rates rise.

Indebtedness under our credit facilities and otherwise is and may be in the future subject to floating interest rates. Changes in economic conditions could result in higher interest rates, thereby increasing our interest expense and reducing funds available for operations or other purposes. Accordingly, we may experience a negative impact on earnings and/or cash flows as a result of interest rate fluctuation. The actual impact would depend on the amount of floating rate debt outstanding, which fluctuates from time to time. At December 31, 2011, there were $17.0 million of cash borrowings outstanding under B&L’s revolving credit facility, which we refer to as the BL revolving credit facility, and $20.5 million of cash borrowings outstanding under our EM revolving credit facility. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt.”

Notwithstanding our current indebtedness levels and restrictive covenants in the agreements governing our indebtedness, we may still be able to incur substantial additional debt, which could exacerbate the risks described above.

We may be able to incur additional debt in the future. Although the agreements governing our existing debt, including the credit agreements for the revolving credit facilities and the indenture governing the EMC senior secured notes, contain restrictions on our ability to incur indebtedness, those restrictions are subject to a number of exceptions which permit us to incur substantial debt. In addition, if we are able to designate some of our restricted subsidiaries under the indenture governing the EMC senior secured notes as unrestricted subsidiaries, those unrestricted subsidiaries would be permitted to incur debt outside of the limitations specified in the indenture. Adding new debt to current debt levels or making otherwise restricted payments could intensify the related risks that we and our subsidiaries now face. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt.”

 

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Restrictive covenants in the agreements governing our current or future indebtedness could restrict our operating flexibility.

The indenture governing the EMC senior secured notes and other agreements governing our current indebtedness contain affirmative and negative covenants that limit our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to take certain actions. These restrictions may limit our ability to operate our business and may prohibit or limit our ability to enhance our operations or take advantage of potential business opportunities as they arise. The credit agreements governing our revolving credit facilities require us, under certain circumstances, to maintain specified financial ratios including fixed charge coverage ratios and satisfy other financial conditions. Our indenture and other agreements governing our existing indebtedness restrict, among other things, our ability and the ability of certain of our subsidiaries to:

 

  n  

incur or guarantee additional debt and issue preferred stock;

 

  n  

pay dividends or make other distributions, or repurchase capital stock or subordinated debt;

 

  n  

make certain investments and loans;

 

  n  

create liens;

 

  n  

engage in sale and leaseback transactions;

 

  n  

make material changes in the nature or conduct of our business;

 

  n  

create restrictions on the payment of dividends and other amounts to us from our subsidiaries;

 

  n  

enter into agreements restricting the ability of a subsidiary to make or repay loans to, transfer property to, or guarantee indebtedness of, us or any of our subsidiaries;

 

  n  

merge or consolidate with or into other companies;

 

  n  

make capital expenditures;

 

  n  

transfer or sell assets; and

 

  n  

engage in transactions with affiliates.

The breach of any of these covenants by us or the failure by us to meet any of these ratios or conditions could result in a default under any or all of such indebtedness. Furthermore, if we or certain of our subsidiaries experience a specified change of control, a default may occur under the indenture governing the EMC senior secured notes and other agreements governing our existing indebtedness. If a default occurs under any such indebtedness, all of the outstanding obligations thereunder could become immediately due and payable, which could result in a cross-default under and acceleration of certain of our other outstanding indebtedness. Our ability to comply with the provisions of the indenture governing the EMC senior secured notes, the credit agreements governing our revolving credit facilities and other debt agreements governing other indebtedness we may incur in the future can be affected by events beyond our control and may make it difficult or impossible for us to comply. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt.”

Credit availability under our revolving credit facilities is subject to a borrowing base limitation that fluctuates from time to time and is subject to redetermination.

Our credit availability under our revolving credit facilities could decline if the values of our borrowing bases (which are calculated based on a percentage of eligible inventory and eligible trade accounts receivable, as defined in each of the credit agreements governing the EM revolving credit facility and the BL revolving credit facility) decline, the applicable administrative agents impose reserves in their discretion, our utilization under our revolving credit facilities increases, or for other reasons. The value of one or both of our revolving credit facilities’ borrowing bases could decline if the value of their respective eligible inventory or accounts receivable declines due to economic or market conditions, working capital practices, or otherwise. In addition, the administrative agents under the revolving credit facilities are entitled to conduct borrowing base field audits and inventory appraisals at least annually, which may result in a lower borrowing base valuation for one or both of our facilities. If our credit availability is less than our utilization under either of the revolving credit facilities, we would be required to repay borrowings and/or cash collateralize outstanding trade finance instruments sufficient to eliminate the deficit.

Furthermore, full credit availability could be limited by the requirement to maintain the fixed charge coverage ratio at or above 1.10 to 1.00 under the BL revolving credit facility, and, under certain circumstances, 1.25 to 1.00 under the EM revolving credit facility because any additional utilization would increase cash interest expense and, all

 

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else being equal, decrease our fixed charge coverage ratios. The fixed charge coverage ratio under the EM revolving credit facility could be applicable if the aggregate availability falls below certain thresholds. At December 31, 2011, the fixed charge coverage ratio under the EM revolving credit facility exceeded the required minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1.00 and the fixed charge coverage ratio under the BL revolving credit facility exceeded the required minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.10 to 1.00. Although the EM revolving credit facility’s fixed charge coverage ratio covenant was not applicable because our aggregate availability was above the applicable threshold, there can be no assurance that our aggregate availability will not fall below one of the applicable thresholds in the future. Our failure to satisfy the minimum fixed charge coverage ratios under our revolving credit facilities at a time when they are applicable would be an event of default under each of the applicable revolving credit facilities, in which case either of the administrative agents or the requisite lenders may accelerate the maturity of our revolving credit facilities and/or terminate the lending commitments thereunder and which could result in a default under and acceleration of certain of our other indebtedness. Our operations are funded, in part, from borrowings under the revolving credit facilities and are supported with trade finance instruments issued from our revolving credit facilities. If we are unable to continue utilizing the revolving credit facilities and if we cannot obtain alternate credit sources or trade finance support at commercially reasonable rates, or if we are required to repay debt under the revolving credit facilities or any other facility, we may not be able to continue our operations without substantial disruptions, or at all, buy or hold inventory, expand into new markets or take on new projects that require capital expenditures.

Risks relating to our Class A common stock and this offering

Concentration of ownership among our existing executives, directors and principal stockholders may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.

After giving effect to the Reorganization and this offering, entities controlled by affiliates of JCP will own 100% of our outstanding Class B common stock and will hold approximately 58% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock. In addition, upon the completion of this offering, our directors (other than affiliates of JCP), executive officers and employees will hold approximately 7% of the voting power of Edgen Group in the aggregate. Furthermore, each of EM II LP and B&L will be entitled to have a representative attend meetings of our board of directors as a non-voting observer so long as certain ownership thresholds are met. Accordingly, entities controlled by affiliates of JCP will be able to elect all of the members of our board of directors and thereby control our management and affairs, including matters relating to acquisitions, dispositions, borrowings, issuances of common stock or other securities, and the declaration and payment of dividends. In addition, affiliates of JCP will be able to determine the outcome of all matters requiring stockholder approval and will be able to cause or prevent a change of control of our company or a change in the composition of our board of directors and could preclude any unsolicited acquisition of our company. We cannot assure you that the interests of these affiliates of JCP will not conflict with your interests. The concentration of ownership could deprive our Class A common stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and might ultimately affect the market price of our Class A common stock. For additional information regarding the share ownership of, and our relationships with, these certain stockholders, you should read the information under the headings “Principal Stockholders” and “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions.”

No public market existed for our Class A common stock prior to the offering and there can be no assurance that an active trading market will develop for the Class A common stock on the NYSE.

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our Class A common stock, and you could not buy or sell the Class A common stock publicly. We have been authorized to have the Class A common stock quoted on the NYSE. There can be no assurance that an active trading market will develop for our Class A common stock on the NYSE. The absence of an active trading market on the NYSE could adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock. The underwriters will determine the offer price by negotiation, and this price may not be the price at which the shares offered hereby will trade due to the fact that the offer price may be based on factors that may not be indicative of future performance.

 

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Market volatility may cause the price of our Class A common stock and the value of your investment to decline, and you may not be able to resell your Class A common stock at or above the initial public offering price.

Our share price is likely to be volatile. The initial public offering price may not be indicative of prices that will subsequently prevail in the market. Therefore, if you purchase shares of Class A common stock in this offering, you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the initial public offering price. In addition to other risk factors described in this section, the following factors may have a significant impact on the market price of our Class A common stock:

 

  n  

our operating and financial performance and prospects;

 

  n  

our quarterly or annual earnings or those of other companies in our industry;

 

  n  

the public’s reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements and our filings with the SEC;

 

  n  

changes in, or failure to meet, earnings estimates or recommendations by research analysts who track our Class A common stock or the stock of other companies in our industry;

 

  n  

the failure of research analysts to cover our Class A common stock;

 

  n  

strategic actions by us, our customers or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;

 

  n  

new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;

 

  n  

changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations or principles;

 

  n  

material litigations or government investigations;

 

  n  

changes in general conditions in the U.S. and global economies or financial markets, including those resulting from war, incidents of terrorism or responses to such events;

 

  n  

changes in the oil and natural gas industry and other markets in which we operate;

 

  n  

adverse events with respect to our customers and suppliers or our relationships with them;

 

  n  

our inability to implement our business plan and execute our growth strategies;

 

  n  

our failure to pay our indebtedness when it becomes due or other defaults under our debt agreements;

 

  n  

issuances of debt securities or restructuring of our indebtedness;

 

  n  

changes in key personnel;

 

  n  

sales of common stock by us or members of our management team;

 

  n  

termination of lock-up agreements with our management team and principal stockholders;

 

  n  

the granting or exercise of employee stock options;

 

  n  

volume of trading in our common stock;

 

  n  

the realization of any risks described under “Risk Factors;” and

 

  n  

other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.

In addition, in the past two years, the stock market has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. This volatility has had a significant impact on the market price of securities issued by many companies, including companies in our industry. The changes frequently appear to occur without regard to the operating performance of the affected companies. Hence, the price of our Class A common stock could fluctuate based upon factors that have little or nothing to do with our company, and these fluctuations could materially reduce our share price and cause you to lose all or part of your investment. Further, in the past, market fluctuations and price declines in a company’s stock have led to securities class action litigations. If such a suit were to arise, it could have a substantial cost and divert our resources regardless of the outcome.

Investors purchasing our Class A common stock will suffer immediate and substantial dilution.

The initial public offering price for our Class A common stock will be substantially higher than the equivalent net tangible book value per share of our Class A common stock immediately after this offering. If you purchase shares of Class A common stock in this offering, you will incur substantial and immediate dilution in the net tangible book value of your investment. Net tangible book value per share represents the amount of total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by the number of shares of Class A common stock then outstanding. See “Dilution” for a calculation of the extent to which your investment will be diluted.

 

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Shares of Class A common stock eligible for public sale after this offering could adversely affect the price of our Class A common stock.

The market price for our Class A common stock could decline as a result of sales in the market after this offering of our Class A common stock by persons receiving such shares as a result of the Exchange Rights, including our executives, directors and funds managed by affiliates of JCP, or the perception that these sales could occur. These sales could materially impair our future ability to raise capital through offerings of our Class A common stock. The lock-up agreements relating to our stockholders provide that they may not dispose of shares of Class A common stock, including shares of our restricted stock received in the Reorganization and shares issuable upon the exercise of options received in the Reorganization, for 180 days following the date of this prospectus without the consent of the representatives of the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions. For more information on our principal stockholders, their lock-up agreements and their shares of common stock eligible for future sale, see “Principal Stockholders,” “The Reorganization,” “Shares Eligible for Future Sale” and “Underwriting (Conflicts of Interest).”

We do not intend to pay dividends on our Class A common stock in the foreseeable future. However, we expect EDG LLC will make cash distributions to EM II LP, B&L and us for taxes on income of EDG LLC.

For the foreseeable future, we intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our Class A common stock. Under the agreements governing our outstanding indebtedness, we are generally prohibited from paying dividends or distributions on our stock. However, pursuant to the limited liability company agreement of EDG LLC, we expect EDG LLC to make cash distributions to Edgen Group, EM II LP and B&L in respect of the taxable income of EDG LLC. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt” and “Dividend Policy.”

Future sales and issuances of our Class A common stock or rights to purchase Class A common stock, including pursuant to our equity incentive plans and the Exchange Rights, could result in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our stockholders and could cause our stock price to decline.

We may need additional capital in the future to execute our business plan. To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience substantial dilution. We may sell common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. If we sell common stock, convertible securities or other equity securities in subsequent transactions, investors may be materially diluted. New investors in such subsequent transactions could gain rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock, including shares of common stock sold in this offering.

Pursuant to our equity incentive plans, our board of directors is authorized to grant stock options and other equity-based awards to our employees, directors and consultants. The number of shares available for future grant under our equity incentive plans will be 4,734,913 as of the completion of this offering and will automatically increase on January 1 of each year starting January 1, 2013 by an amount equal to 5% of our capital stock outstanding as of December 31 of the preceding calendar year, subject to the ability of our board of directors to take action to reduce the size of such increase in any given year. Moreover, subject to certain limitations, pursuant to the Exchange Rights (assuming we do not elect to settle such Exchange Rights in cash), EM II LP and B&L will have the right to acquire 24,216,581 additional shares of our Class A common stock in the aggregate following the completion of this offering. Future option grants and issuances of common stock under our equity incentive plans may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

We will incur increased costs as a result of being a public company.

As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related rules of the SEC and the NYSE regulate corporate governance practices of public companies. We expect that compliance with these public company requirements will increase our costs and make some activities more time consuming. For example, we will create new board committees and adopt new internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures. In addition, we will incur additional expenses associated with our SEC reporting requirements. We also expect that it could be difficult and will be significantly more expensive to obtain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as officers. Advocacy efforts by stockholders and third parties may also prompt even more changes in governance and reporting requirements. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.

 

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Some provisions of our charter documents and Delaware law may have anti-takeover effects that could discourage an acquisition of us by others, even if an acquisition would be beneficial to our stockholders and may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.

Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us or increase the cost of acquiring us, even if doing so would benefit our stockholders or remove our current management. These provisions include:

 

  n  

authorizing the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock, the terms of which may be established and shares of which may be issued without stockholder approval;

 

  n  

limiting the removal of directors by the stockholders once JCP ceases to beneficially own a majority of our voting power;

 

  n  

creating a staggered board of directors;

 

  n  

prohibiting stockholder action by written consent once JCP ceases to beneficially own a majority of our voting power, thereby requiring all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of stockholders;

 

  n  

having two classes of common stock as discussed above;

 

  n  

eliminating the ability of stockholders to call a special meeting of stockholders once JCP ceases to beneficially own a majority of our voting power; and

 

  n  

establishing advance notice requirements for nominations for election to the board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon at stockholder meetings.

These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management. We are also subject to certain anti-takeover provisions under Delaware law which may discourage, delay or prevent someone from acquiring us or merging with us whether or not it is desired by or beneficial to our stockholders. Under Delaware law, a corporation may not, in general, engage in a business combination with any holder of 15% or more of its capital stock, or an “interested stockholder,” unless the interested stockholder has held the stock for three years or, among other things, the board of directors has approved the transaction. Any provision of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock. Prior to the completion of this offering, our board of directors will pass a resolution expressly providing that JCP and its affiliates and any group as to which such persons are a party or any transferee of any such person or group of persons will not constitute an “interested stockholder” for purposes of these provisions.

We will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the NYSE rules and, as a result, will qualify for and will rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements.

Upon completion of this offering we will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the NYSE corporate governance standards. Under the NYSE rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors is held by a person or group of persons acting together is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with certain NYSE corporate governance requirements, including the requirements that:

 

  n  

a majority of the board of directors consist of independent directors;

 

  n  

the nominating and corporate governance committee be composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities;

 

  n  

the compensation committee be composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities; and

 

  n  

there be an annual performance evaluation of the nominating and corporate governance and compensation committees.

Following this offering, we intend to elect to be treated as a controlled company and utilize these exemptions, including the exemption for a board of directors composed of a majority of independent directors. In addition, although we will have adopted charters for our audit, nominating and corporate governance and compensation

 

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committees and intend to conduct annual performance evaluations for these committees, none of these committees will be composed entirely of independent directors immediately following the completion of this offering. We will rely on the phase-in rules of the SEC and the NYSE with respect to the independence of our audit committee. These rules permit us to have an audit committee that has one member that is independent by the date that our Class A common stock first trades on the NYSE, a majority of members that are independent within 90 days of the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, or the effective date, and all members that are independent within one year of the effective date. Accordingly, you may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the NYSE corporate governance requirements.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our Class A common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. Securities and industry analysts do not currently, and may never, publish research on our company. If no securities or industry analysts commence coverage of our company, the trading price for our stock would likely be negatively impacted. In the event securities or industry analysts initiate coverage, if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.

The financial statements presented in this prospectus may not give you an accurate indication of what our future results of operations are likely to be.

Because of the Reorganization and this initial public offering, the historical financial statements included in this prospectus may not represent an accurate picture of what our future performance will be. Our limited combined operating history may make it difficult to forecast our future operating results and financial condition. In particular, because of the significance of the Reorganization, the financial statements for periods prior to the Reorganization are not comparable with those after the Reorganization, and the lack of comparable data may make it difficult to evaluate our results of operations and future prospects. Pro forma financial information is presented with respect to the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 that assumes that the Reorganization and the initial public offering closed on January 1, 2010 as opposed to the actual closing date of this offering. However, this pro forma financial information may not give you an accurate indication of what our actual results would have been if the Reorganization and initial public offering had been completed at the beginning of the period presented or of what our future results of operations and financial condition are likely to be.

We will be required to pay EM II LP and B&L for most of the tax benefits relating to any additional tax depreciation or amortization deductions we may claim as a result of the tax basis step-up we receive in connection with this offering, subsequent issuances of our Class A common stock pursuant to the Exchange Rights and certain other transactions that result in increases in our share of the tax basis of EDG LLC’s assets.

The exercise of the Exchange Rights is expected to result in increases in our share of the tax basis of EDG LLC’s assets if our tax basis in the EDG LLC membership units exchanged exceeds our share of the adjusted tax basis of EDG LLC’s property. EMC’s sale of its interests in B&L Supply, EM II LP’s and B&L’s sale of EDG LLC membership units to Edgen Group and certain other transactions are also expected to result in increases in our share of the tax basis of EDG LLC’s assets. An increase in the tax basis of EDG LLC’s assets may reduce the future tax liability of Edgen Group through increased depreciation and amortization deductions for tax purposes. We expect to enter into a tax receivable agreement with each of EM II LP and B&L that will provide for the payment by Edgen Group of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax that we actually realize as a result of increased depreciation and amortization deductions available to us as a result of these transactions that result in increases in our share of the tax basis of EDG LLC’s assets, and as a result of our making payments under the tax receivable agreement.

While the actual amount and timing of payments under the tax receivable agreements will depend upon a number of factors, including the amount and timing of taxable income we generate in the future, the value of our individual assets, the portion of our payments under the tax receivable agreements constituting imputed interest and increases in the tax basis of our assets resulting in payments to EM II LP and B&L, we expect that the payments that may be

 

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made to EM II LP and B&L will be substantial. If the Exchange Rights were to be exercised in full and if all of the other transactions that could result in an increase in our share of the basis of EDG LLC’s assets were to occur, in each case, in a hypothetical fully taxable transaction upon completion of this offering and assuming no material changes in the relevant tax law and that we earn sufficient taxable income to realize the full tax benefit of the increased depreciation and amortization of our assets, we expect that future payments to EM II LP and B&L in respect of the tax receivable agreements will aggregate $44.5 million and range from approximately $1.4 million to $4.7 million per year over the next 15 years. We may need to incur debt to finance payments under the tax receivable agreements to the extent our cash resources are insufficient to meet our obligations under the tax receivable agreements as a result of timing discrepancies or otherwise. Edgen Group will be a holding company and, as such, will be dependent upon distributions from its subsidiaries to pay its taxes, expenses and other costs.

A tax authority may challenge all or part of the tax basis increases discussed above and a court could sustain such a challenge. In that event, we may be required to pay additional taxes and possibly penalties and interest to one or more tax authorities. Although future payments to EM II LP and B&L under the tax receivable agreements would cease or diminish, EM II LP and B&L will not reimburse us for any payments previously made if such basis increases or other benefits were later not allowed. As a result, in such circumstances we could make payments to EM II LP and B&L under the tax receivable agreements in excess of our actual cash tax savings.

In addition, we do not have a right to terminate the tax receivable agreements, and our obligations under the tax receivable agreements may limit our ability to pursue strategic transactions or engage in other transactions that may maximize the value of our business. These obligations might discourage, delay or prevent a change of control that you may consider favorable.

Our primary U.S. subsidiary, EMC, has net operating loss carryforwards. The utilization of these deferred tax assets is subject to various limitations. If EMC utilizes all or a portion of these net operating loss carryforwards to offset income received from its sale of B&L Supply to EM Holdings LLC in connection with the Reorganization, we will not be able to utilize these net operating loss carryforwards to offset our income in future periods.

At December 31, 2011, EMC, our primary U.S. subsidiary, had a deferred tax asset of $11.4 million associated with certain net operating loss carryforwards of $22.1 million, all of which has been offset by a valuation allowance. The actual realizability of these deferred tax assets generally may be limited for various reasons, including if projected future taxable income is insufficient to recognize the full benefit of such net operating loss carryforwards prior to their expiration. Additionally, our ability to fully use these tax assets will also be adversely affected if we have an “ownership change” within the meaning of Section 382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. An ownership change is generally defined as a greater than 50% increase in equity ownership by “5% shareholders” (as that term is defined for purposes of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code) in any three-year period. Future changes in our ownership, including as a result of this offering, depending on the magnitude, including the purchase or sale of our Class A common stock by 5% shareholders, and issuances or redemptions of Class A common stock by us, could result in an ownership change that would trigger the imposition of limitations under Section 382. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that in the future we will not experience limitations with respect to recognizing the benefits of our net operating loss carryforwards and other tax attributes, which limitations could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

In connection with the Reorganization, EM II LP may have EM Holdings LLC purchase from EMC all or a portion of EMC’s remaining interest in B&L Supply in a taxable transaction. If such sale transaction occurs, we expect that the amount of our payment under the Tax Receivable Agreement with EM II LP will be increased in connection with such sale and that EMC will use all or a significant portion of its net operating loss carryforwards to offset substantially all of EMC’s taxable gain from that transaction. In that case, the net operating loss carryforwards will not be available to offset EMC’s taxable income in future periods.

 

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about our beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include statements preceded by, followed by or that include the words “may,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “estimate,” “target,” “project,” “intend,” “can,” “continue,” “potential,” “predicts”, “will” and the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements include, among others, statements regarding our expected business outlook, anticipated financial and operating results, our business strategy and means to implement the strategy, our objectives, industry trends, the impact of the Reorganization, including the consolidation of B&L’s business with us, the likelihood of our success in expanding our business, financing plans, budgets, working capital needs and sources of liquidity.

Forward-looking statements are only predictions and are not guarantees of performance. You should not put undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. These statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions, which, in turn, are based on currently available information. These assumptions could prove inaccurate. Forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict or quantify. Therefore, actual results could differ materially and adversely from these forward-looking statements as a result of a wide variety of factors, including all the risks discussed in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. The following factors, among others, could cause our actual results and performance to differ materially from the results and the performance projected in, or implied by, the forward looking statements:

 

  n  

supply, demand, prices and other market conditions for steel and other commodities;

 

  n  

the timing and extent of changes in commodity prices, including the cost of energy and raw materials;

 

  n  

the effects of competition in our business lines;

 

  n  

the condition of the commodities markets generally, which will be affected by interest rates, foreign currency fluctuations and general economic conditions;

 

  n  

the ability of our counterparties to satisfy their financial commitments;

 

  n  

tariffs and other government regulations relating to the products we supply and services we provide;

 

  n  

adverse developments in our relationship with our key employees;

 

  n  

operational factors affecting the ongoing commercial operations of our facilities, including catastrophic weather-related damage, regulatory approvals, permit issues, unscheduled blackouts, outages or repairs, unanticipated changes in fuel costs or availability of fuel emission credits or workforce issues;

 

  n  

our ability to operate our business efficiently, manage capital expenditures and costs (including general and administrative expenses) tightly and generate earnings and cash flow;

 

  n  

our ability to pass through increases in our costs to our customers;

 

  n  

restrictive covenants in our indebtedness that may adversely affect our operational flexibility;

 

  n  

general political conditions and developments in the U.S. and in foreign countries whose affairs affect supply, demand and markets for the products we supply;

 

  n  

conditions in the U.S. and international economies;

 

  n  

our ability to obtain adequate levels of insurance coverage;

 

  n  

future asset impairment charges;

 

  n  

adequate protection of our intellectual property;

 

  n  

the impact of federal, state and local tax rules;

 

  n  

U.S. and non-U.S. governmental regulation, especially environmental and safety laws and regulations;

 

  n  

our ability to retain key employees;

 

  n  

the ability of EMC’s net operating loss carryforwards to shield the gain EMC may realize from a sale of all or a portion of its membership interests in B&L Supply to EM Holdings LLC;

 

  n  

the amount of payments we may be required to make under the Tax Receivable Agreements; and

 

  n  

the costs of being a public company, including Sarbanes-Oxley compliance.

Accordingly, we urge you to read this prospectus completely and with the understanding that actual future results may be materially different from what we plan or expect. In addition, these forward-looking statements present our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this prospectus. Except for our ongoing obligation to disclose material information as required by federal securities laws, we do not intend to update you concerning any future revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this prospectus.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that our net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $206.4 million, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated fees and expenses of this offering (assuming an initial public offering price of $15.00 per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus).

We intend to use all of the net proceeds from this offering to purchase newly-issued membership units in our consolidated subsidiary, EDG LLC, which will be used by EDG LLC to repay certain indebtedness of its consolidated subsidiaries. Specifically, we expect to repay the following indebtedness:

 

 

All of the amount outstanding and any related accrued interest under B&L’s term loan, which we refer to as the BL term loan. At December 31, 2011, $116.4 million was outstanding under the BL term loan and the weighted average interest rate paid during the year ended December 31, 2011 was 11.0%. The BL term loan matures on August 19, 2015 and is prepayable at any time, subject to the payment of a make-whole prepayment penalty. At December 31, 2011, there was accrued interest of $0.4 million related to the BL term loan and the prepayment penalty would have been approximately $14.5 million.

 

 

All of the amount outstanding and any related accrued interest under the Seller Note. The Seller Note bears interest at a compounding rate of 8.0% per annum and matures on August 19, 2019. At December 31, 2011, $50.0 million was outstanding under the Seller Note and there was $5.3 million of accrued interest.

 

 

$19.8 million of the amount outstanding under the EM revolving credit facility, which matures on May 11, 2014 and on which the weighted average interest rate paid during the year ended December 31, 2011 was 4.36%. At December 31, 2011, $20.5 million was outstanding under the EM revolving credit facility and there was accrued interest of $0.1 million.

We expect to use the remaining estimated net proceeds from this offering for other general corporate purposes, which may include, among other things, the repayment of additional EM revolving credit facility or other indebtedness, funding of working capital and funding of acquisitions. We have no current commitments or agreements with respect to any acquisitions, and we have not entered into any negotiations with potential targets. There can be no assurance that we will pursue or consummate any acquisition, or if we were to consummate an acquisition, the terms thereof.

Jefferies Finance LLC, an affiliate of Jefferies & Company, Inc., serves as the lead arranger and the administrative agent and has been a lender under the BL term loan. See “Underwriting (Conflicts of Interest)— Affiliations and Conflicts of Interest.” In light of this relationship, this offering will be conducted in accordance with Rule 5121 of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. See “Underwriting (Conflicts of Interest)—Affiliations and Conflicts of Interest.”

 

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DIVIDEND POLICY

We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our Class A common stock, although in the future we may do so. Any such future determination relating to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable law, and will depend on then existing conditions, including our financial condition, results of operations, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant.

Our ability to declare and pay dividends is restricted by covenants in our revolving credit agreements and the indenture governing the EMC senior secured notes. Our ability to declare and pay dividends is also dependent upon cash dividends and distributions or other transfers from our subsidiaries to us because we are a holding company with no business operations, sources of income or assets of our own other than our ownership interests in our subsidiaries. Payment of dividends, distributions, loans or advances by our subsidiaries to us are subject to restrictions imposed by the debt instruments of our subsidiaries. In addition, payments or distributions from our subsidiaries could be subject to restrictions on dividends or repatriation of earnings, monetary transfer restrictions and foreign currency exchange regulations in the jurisdictions in which our subsidiaries operate. See “Risk Factors – Risks related to our existing indebtedness – Restrictive covenants in the agreements governing our current or future indebtedness could restrict our operating flexibility.” As a result, you should not rely on an investment in our Class A common stock if you require dividend income. You will need to sell your Class A common stock to realize a return on your investment, and you may not be able to sell your shares at or above the price you paid for them.

We expect EDG LLC to make cash distributions to Edgen Group, EM II LP and B&L in respect of the taxable income of EDG LLC.

 

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our cash and capitalization at December 31, 2011 on a:

 

  n  

historical basis, with respect to our predecessor, EM II LP; and

 

  n  

pro forma as adjusted basis giving effect to (1) the Reorganization, (2) the issuance of 15,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock at an assumed initial public offering price of $15.00 per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and (3) use of $206.4 million of the net proceeds to purchase newly-issued membership units in EDG LLC, which EDG LLC will use to repay all amounts outstanding under the BL term loan and the Seller Note, of which there was $116.4 million and $50.0 million outstanding, respectively, at December 31, 2011, and $19.8 million of the amount outstanding under the EM revolving credit facility. We expect to use any remaining net proceeds from this offering for other general corporate purposes. See “Use of Proceeds.”

This table is derived from, and should be read together with, the historical consolidated financial statements of EM II LP and our unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information included elsewhere in this prospectus. You should also read this table in conjunction with “Use of Proceeds,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

 

 

    AT DECEMBER 31, 2011  
    PREDECESSOR
ACTUAL
    PRO FORMA AS
ADJUSTED FOR  EFFECTS
OF THE REORGANIZATION,
THIS OFFERING AND USE

OF PROCEEDS(4)
 
    (in thousands except par value)  

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 26,218      $ 26,269   
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

EM II LP

   

$465,000 12.25% EMC senior secured notes

  $ 462,032      $ 462,032   

$195,000 EM revolving credit facility(1)

    20,523        711   

$15,000 EM FZE revolving credit facility(2)

             

Capital lease

    18,186        18,186   

B&L

   

$75,000 BL revolving credit facility(3)

  $      $ 17,000   

Equity

   

General partner

  $ 1      $   

Limited partners

    (129,736       

Common Stock—Class A, par value $0.0001 per share, 435,783,419 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding actual; 17,965,087 shares issued and outstanding pro forma as adjusted for this offering(5)

           2   

Common Stock—Class B, par value $0.0001 per share, 24,216,581 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding actual; 24,216,581 shares issued and outstanding pro forma as adjusted for this offering;

           2   

Additional paid-in capital

           206,441   

Retained deficit(6)

           (33,420

Accumulated other comprehensive loss(6)

    (25,648     (10,772

Non-controlling interest(6)

    330        (60,696
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total capitalization

  $ 345,688      $ 599,486   
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) 

At December 31, 2011, after borrowings of $0.7 million, we had pro forma net availability of $114.8 million under the EM revolving credit facility.

(2) 

At December 31, 2011, we had pro forma net availability of $4.5 million under the EM FZE revolving credit facility.

(3) 

At December 31, 2011, after borrowings of $17.0 million, we had pro forma net availability of $58.0 million under the BL revolving credit facility.

(4)

In connection with the Reorganization, we will assume and immediately repay with the proceeds from this offering certain amounts outstanding under the BL term loan, the EM revolving credit facility, and the Seller Note, which at December 31, 2011, were $116.4 million, $20.5 million and $50.0 million, respectively. For a detailed summary of the transactions comprising the Reorganization see “The Reorganization.”

 

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(5) 

The number of shares of common stock outstanding on an actual and pro forma as adjusted basis at December 31, 2011 excludes 1,750,280 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options awarded to certain of our employees that will be outstanding upon the closing of this offering.

(6) 

The following table presents the nature and amounts of the adjustments that were made to arrive at the pro forma as adjusted retained deficit, the pro forma as adjusted accumulated other comprehensive loss and the pro forma as adjusted non-controlling interest presented above:

 

 

 

     Calculation of total
pro forma
adjustment from
balances at
December 31, 2011
    Allocation of
pro forma
adjustment
to non-controlling
interest (58%)
    Allocation of
pro forma
adjustment
to public
shareholders (42%)
 

Allocation of historical equity

      

Historical deficit of EM II LP attributable to the Existing Investors

   $ (129,735    

Historical equity of B&L attributable to the Existing Investors

     91,116       

Elimination of EM II LP’s investment in B&L

     (13,180    
  

 

 

     

Total allocation of historical equity

   $ (51,799   $ (30,043   $ (21,756

Allocation of pro forma adjustments

      

BL term loan prepayment fee

   $ (14,549    

Write off of unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs

     (13,222    
  

 

 

     

Total allocation of pro forma adjustments

   $ (27,771   $ (16,107   $ (11,664

Allocation of historical accumulated other comprehensive loss

      

Historical accumulated other comprehensive loss

   $ (25,648   $ (14,876   $ (10,772
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total allocation

   $ (105,218   $ (61,026   $ (44,192

 

     Predecessor actual
balances at
December 31, 2011
    Allocation of
pro forma
adjustment to
non-controlling
interest (58%)
    Allocation of
pro forma
adjustment to
public
shareholders (42%)
    Pro forma
as adjusted
 

Classification on pro forma balance sheet

        

Retained deficit

          $      $ (33,420   $ (33,420

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

     (25,648         (10,772     (10,772

Non-controlling interest

     330        (61,026            (60,696
    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     $ (61,026   $ (44,192   $ (104,888

 

 

* $14,876 of this amount has been allocated to non-controlling interest.

 

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DILUTION

If you invest in our Class A common stock, your interest will be diluted immediately to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per share of Class A common stock and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share immediately after this offering. Net tangible book value per share represents the total tangible assets less total liabilities divided by the number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding at December 31, 2011. The number of shares of common stock outstanding after this offering of 42,181,667 is based on the number of shares outstanding at December 31, 2011 after giving effect to the Reorganization and the exchange by EM II LP and B&L of their EDG LLC membership units and shares of our Class B common stock for 24,216,581 shares in the aggregate of our Class A common stock and excludes 1,750,280 shares issuable upon exercise of currently outstanding options to purchase our Class A common stock.

At December 31, 2011, the net tangible book value of our predecessor EM II LP was a deficit of approximately $203.5 million. After giving effect to the Reorganization and the exchange by EM II LP and B&L of their EDG LLC membership units and shares of our Class B common stock for 24,216,581 shares in the aggregate of our Class A common stock, our net tangible book value at December 31, 2011 would have been a deficit of approximately $272.1 million, or $6.45 per share. After giving further effect to the sale by us of approximately 15,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock in this offering at an assumed public offering price per share of $15.00 (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) and the application of the expected net proceeds therefrom our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value at December 31, 2011 would have been a deficit of approximately $93.4 million, or $2.22 per share. This would represent an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $4.23 per share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of $17.22 per share to investors purchasing our Class A common stock in this offering. The following table illustrates this dilution:

 

 

 

     PER SHARE  

Assumed initial public offering price

   $ 15.00   

Net tangible book value at December 31, 2011 after giving effect to the Reorganization

     (6.45

Increase in net tangible book value attributable to this offering

     4.23   
  

 

 

 

Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value after giving effect to the Reorganization and this offering

     (2.22
  

 

 

 

Dilution per share to new investors

   $ 17.22   
  

 

 

 

 

 

A $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $15.00 per share would increase or decrease our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering by $0.36 per share and would increase or decrease the dilution in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share to investors in this offering by $0.64 per share. This calculation assumes that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and reflects the deduction of the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated fees and expenses of this offering.

The following table shows, on the pro forma as adjusted basis described above at December 31, 2011, the differences in the number of shares of Class A common stock purchased from us, the total cash consideration paid and the average price per share paid by our existing stockholders and by new investors (assuming an initial public offering price per share of $15.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus).

 

 

 

     SHARES PURCHASED     TOTAL CONSIDERATION     AVERAGE PRICE
PER SHARE
 
(in millions, except share data)    NUMBER      PERCENT     AMOUNT      PERCENT    

Existing stockholders

     27,181,667         65   $ —           —     $ —     

New investors

     15,000,000         35     225.0         100     15.00   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     42,181,667         100   $ 225.0         100   $ 5.33   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

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If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, the following will occur:

 

  n  

the pro forma as adjusted number of our shares held by existing stockholders will be 27,181,667, or a decrease to approximately 61% of the total number of pro forma as adjusted shares outstanding immediately after this offering; and

 

  n  

the pro forma as adjusted number of our shares held by investors in this offering will increase to 17,250,000, or approximately 39% of the total pro forma as adjusted number of shares outstanding immediately after this offering.

The dilution information above is for illustrative purposes only. Our net tangible book value following the completion of this offering is subject to adjustment based on the actual initial public offering price of our shares and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

 

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SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables present certain selected historical consolidated financial data and other data of our predecessor EM II LP, for each of the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2007. The data set forth below should be read in conjunction with the sections entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Capitalization,” and “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information,” each of which is contained elsewhere in this prospectus, and the consolidated financial statements of EM II LP which are contained elsewhere in this prospectus.

The Reorganization will be consummated concurrently with this offering, and as a result, our future results of operations will include the results of operations of the business of B&L. We have determined that after the Reorganization, EM II LP will be our predecessor and have included summary historical consolidated financial data of EM II LP as a result. The summary historical consolidated statement of operations and other financial data of EM II LP for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 and the summary historical consolidated balance sheet data of EM II LP at December 31, 2011 and 2010 are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of EM II LP included elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary historical consolidated statement of operations and other financial data of EM II LP for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the historical consolidated balance sheet data of EM II LP at December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of EM II LP that are not included in this prospectus.

 

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EM II LP (PREDECESSOR)

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

 

 

     Year ended December 31,  
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS (IN THOUSANDS)    2011     2010     2009     2008     2007  

Sales

   $ 911,612      $ 627,713      $ 773,323      $ 1,265,615      $ 917,657   

Gross profit (exclusive of deprecation and amortization)

     134,504        90,906        100,728        267,675        168,935   

Income (loss) from operations

     38,384        (57,424     9,899        154,293        78,055   

Net income (loss)

     (24,528     (98,288     (20,889     73,227        2,915   
     December 31,  
Balance Sheet data (in thousands)    2011     2010     2009     2008     2007  

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 26,218      $ 62,478      $ 65,733      $ 41,708      $ 48,457   

Working capital

     230,519        216,684        262,745        309,569        296,190   

Property, plant and equipment—net

     45,510        49,287        43,342        42,703        43,530   

Total assets

     551,057        464,020        563,460        742,086        709,554   

Long term debt and capital leases

     500,741        479,811        483,503        518,013        575,856   

Total deficit

     (155,053     (131,262     (29,779     (36,539     (68,486
     Year ended December 31,  
Other Financial data (in thousands)    2011     2010     2009     2008     2007  

EBITDA

   $ 64,521      $ (35,936   $ 23,959      $ 175,950      $ 72,416   

Adjusted EBITDA

     62,577        26,661        70,564        183,494        109,751   

Reconciliation of GAAP net income (loss) to non-GAAP EBITDA and non- GAAP Adjusted EBITDA

          

NET INCOME (LOSS)

   $ (24,528   $ (98,288   $ (20,889   $ 73,227      $ 2,915   

Income tax expense (benefit)

     4,088        (22,125     (22,373     35,124        (1,370

Interest expense—net

     63,870        64,208        47,085        45,040        48,301   

Depreciation and amortization expense

     21,091        20,269        20,136        22,559        22,570   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

EBITDA

   $ 64,521      $ (35,936   $ 23,959      $ 175,950      $ 72,416   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Strategic inventory liquidation sales (1)

                   12,656                 

Lower of cost or market adjustments to inventory (2)

                   22,469        4,456          

Transaction costs (3)

     905               3,339               6,164   

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate (4)

     (3,680     (1,029                     

Distributions received from unconsolidated affiliate (4)

     835                               

Loss on prepayment of debt (5)

                   7,523               31,385   

Impairment of goodwill (6)

            62,805                        

Equity based compensation (7)

     1,362        1,011        2,065        2,186        2,962   

Other (income) expense—net (8)

     (1,366     (190     (1,447     902        (3,176
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

ADJUSTED EBITDA

   $ 62,577      $ 26,661      $ 70,564      $ 183,494      $ 109,751   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

(1) The year ended December 31, 2009 includes a loss of $12.7 million due to strategic inventory liquidation (at prices below cost) of non-core inventory primarily related to products for the North American midstream oil and natural gas market.
(2) The years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 include inventory write-downs of $22.5 million and $4.5 million, respectively, related to selling prices falling below our predecessor’s average cost of inventory in some of the markets it serves
(3) Transaction costs for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2009 and 2007 include $0.9 million, $3.3 million and $3.7 million, respectively, of accumulated registration costs expensed during the periods. Transaction costs for the year ended December 31, 2007 also include non-recurring expenses of $2.5 million related to a recapitalization transaction.
(4) Represents adjustment for the equity in earnings and cash distributions received as a result of our predecessor’s 14.5% ownership in B&L.
(5) Includes prepayment penalties and previously deferred debt issuance costs of $7.5 million expensed in 2009 related to the prepayment of our predecessor’s 2007 term loan and $31.4 million in 2007 related to the prepayment of our predecessor’s 2005 senior notes.
(6) The year ended December 31, 2010 includes a goodwill impairment charge of $62.8 million as a result of the fair value of certain of our predecessor’s reporting units falling below the carrying value.
(7) Includes non-cash compensation expense related to the issuance of equity based awards.
(8)

Other (income) expense—net primarily includes unrealized currency exchange gains and losses on cash balances denominated in foreign currencies and other miscellaneous items.

 

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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information of Edgen Group consists of our unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 and the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet at December 31, 2011.

The information presented for 2011 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of EM II LP and B&L. The information presented for 2010 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of EM II LP and B&L and the combined financial statements of B&L Predecessor, which is the accounting predecessor of B&L. Each of these audited financial statements is set forth elsewhere in this prospectus.

EM II LP is considered to be our predecessor for accounting purposes and its consolidated financial statements are our historical consolidated financial statements for periods prior to this offering. Edgen Group is a holding company that will manage its consolidated subsidiaries after the Reorganization, but has no business operations or material assets other than its ownership interest in its subsidiaries.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 assume the pro forma transactions noted herein occurred as of January 1, 2010. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet presents the financial effects of the pro forma transactions noted herein as if they had occurred on December 31, 2011. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared to give effect to the following transactions:

The Reorganization

In connection with this offering, Edgen Group will become our new parent holding company in a transaction we refer to as the “Reorganization.” See Note 1 to this unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information.

Initial Public Offering and Use of Offering Proceeds

In connection with this offering, we will issue 15,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock at an assumed initial public offering price of $15.00 per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and expect to use $206.4 million of the proceeds for the purchase of newly-issued membership units in EDG LLC, which EDG LLC will use to repay certain outstanding indebtedness of its subsidiaries. We expect to use any remaining net proceeds from this offering for other general corporate purposes. See Note 1 to this unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information.

The adjustments were prepared in conformity with Article 11 of Regulation S-X and are based upon currently available information and certain estimates and assumptions management believes provide a reasonable basis for presenting the significant effects of the transactions as contemplated.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements of each of EM II LP, B&L and B&L Predecessor and related notes thereto, each of which is set forth elsewhere in this prospectus. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is for informational purposes only and is not intended to represent or be indicative of the results of operations or financial position that we would have reported had this offering been completed on the dates indicated and should not be taken as representative of our future consolidated results of operations or financial position.

 

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EDGEN GROUP

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

For the Year Ended December 31, 2011

 

 

 

(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA)    EM II LP
HISTORICAL
    B&L
HISTORICAL
    PRO FORMA
ADJUSTMENTS
    EDGEN GROUP
PRO FORMA
 

SALES

   $ 911,612      $ 763,659      $ (62 )(a)    $ 1,675,209   

OPERATING EXPENSES:

        

Cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown below)

     777,108        687,222        (62 )(a)      1,464,268   

Selling, general and administrative expense, net of service fee income

     75,029        15,937        (1,494 )(l)      89,580   
        
108
  (m) 
 

Depreciation and amortization expense

     21,091        14,520       

  
    35,611   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     873,228        717,679        (1,448     1,589,459   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

INCOME FROM OPERATIONS

     38,384        45,980        1,386        85,750   

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):

        

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate

     3,680               (3,680 )(c)        

Other income—net

     1,366        612               1,978   

Interest expense—net

     (63,870     (22,610     20,566   (i)      (65,914
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE

     (20,440     23,982        18,272        21,814   

INCOME TAX EXPENSE

     4,088               15,580   (n)      19,668   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

NET INCOME (LOSS)

     (24,528     23,982        2,692        2,146   

NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST

     288               1,078   (j)      1,366   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO EDGEN GROUP

   $ (24,816   $ 23,982      $ 1,614      $ 780   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

EARNINGS PER SHARE:

        

Basic

         $ 0.05   

Diluted

           0.04   

WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING:

        

Basic

           17,110,950 (o) 

Diluted

           42,857,143 (o) 

 

 

 

 

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EDGEN GROUP

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS

For the Year Ended December 31, 2010

 

 

 

(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT
SHARE DATA)
   EM II LP
HISTORICAL
    B&L HISTORICAL     B&L PREDECESSOR
HISTORICAL
    PRO FORMA
ADJUSTMENTS
    EDGEN GROUP PRO
FORMA
 

SALES

   $ 627,713      $ 239,673      $ 491,617      $ (1,058 )(a)    $ 1,255,149   
           (102,796 )(g)   

OPERATING EXPENSES:

          

Cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown below)

     536,807        212,572        428,902       
(1,058
)(a) 
    1,088,517   
           (88,706 )(g)   

Selling, general and administrative expense, net of service fee income

     65,256        7,039        12,510        (2,533 )(g)      82,024   
           907   (e)   
           (1,465 )(b)   
           310   (m)   

Depreciation and amortization expense

     20,269        5,274        164        (43 )(g)      34,851   
           9,187   (d)   

Impairment of goodwill

     62,805                             62,805   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     685,137        224,885        441,576        (83,401     1,268,197   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

INCOME (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS

     (57,424     14,788        50,041        (20,453     (13,048

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):

          

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate

     1,029                      (1,029 )(c)        

Other income—net

     190        161        1,951        (1,505 )(g)      797   

Interest expense—net

     (64,208     (8,456     (1,091     1,091   (f)      (66,342
           (1,204 )(h)   
           7,526   (i)   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT)

     (120,413     6,493        50,901        (15,574     (78,593

INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT)

     (22,125                   15,365   (n)      (6,760
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

NET INCOME (LOSS)

     (98,288     6,493        50,901        (30,939     (71,833

NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST

     14                      (41,671 )(j)      (41,657
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

NET LOSS ATTRIBUTABLE TO EDGEN GROUP

   $ (98,302   $ 6,493      $ 50,901      $ 10,732      $ (30,176
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

LOSS PER SHARE:

          

Basic

           $ (1.76

Diluted

           $ (1.76

WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING:

          

Basic

             17,110,950 (o) 

Diluted

             17,110,950 (o) 

 

 

 

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EDGEN GROUP

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED BALANCE SHEET

At December 31, 2011

 

 

 

(IN THOUSANDS)   EM II LP
HISTORICAL
    B&L HISTORICAL     PRO FORMA
ADJUSTMENTS
    EDGEN GROUP PRO
FORMA
 

ASSETS

       

CURRENT ASSETS:

       

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 26,218      $ 51      $ 206,445   (k)    $ 26,269   
        (206,445 )(i)   

Accounts receivable

    198,663        62,492               261,155   

Inventory

    196,004        143,367               339,371   

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

    10,034        413        (4 )(a)      8,315   
        (2,128 )(i)   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

    430,919        206,323        (2,132     635,110   

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT—NET

    45,510        1,137               46,647   

GOODWILL

    22,965                      22,965   

OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS—NET

    25,447        146,589               172,036   

OTHER ASSETS

    13,036        8,818        (5,470 )(i)      16,384   

INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED AFFILIATE

    13,180               (13,180 )(c)        
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL ASSETS

  $ 551,057      $ 362,867      $ (20,782   $ 893,142   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY (DEFICIT)

       

CURRENT LIABILITIES:

       

Managed cash overdrafts

  $ 112      $ 6,376      $      $ 6,488   

Accounts payable

    147,202        76,230        (4 )(a)      223,428   

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

    15,848        5,502               21,350   

Income taxes payable

    4,307                      4,307   

Deferred revenue

    5,139                      5,139   

Accrued interest payable

    26,443        539        (356 )(i)      26,626   

Deferred tax liability—net

    991                      991   

Current portion of long term debt and capital lease

    358        18,886        (18,886 )(i)      358   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

    200,400        107,533        (19,246     288,687   

DEFERRED TAX LIABILITY—NET

    4,544                      4,544   

OTHER LONG TERM LIABILITIES

    783                      783   

LONG TERM DEBT AND CAPITAL LEASE

    500,383        164,218        (167,030 )(i)      497,571   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL LIABILITIES

    706,110        271,751        (186,276     791,585   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

       

EQUITY (DEFICIT):

       

General partner

    1        37,792        (37,793 )(j)        

Limited partners

    (129,736     53,324        (13,180 )(c)        
        89,592   (j)   

Common stock—Class A, par value $0.0001 per share, 435,783,419 shares authorized; 17,965,087 shares issued and outstanding pro forma

                  2   (k)      2   

Common stock—Class B, par value $0.0001 per share, 24,216,581 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding actual; 24,216,581 shares issued and outstanding pro forma

                  2   (k)      2   

Additional paid-in capital

                  206,441   (k)      206,441   

Retained deficit

                  (33,420 )(j)      (33,420

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

    (25,648            14,876   (j)      (10,772

Non-controlling interest

    330               (61,026 )(j)      (60,696
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total equity (deficit)

    (155,053     91,116        165,494        101,557   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY (DEFICIT)

  $ 551,057      $ 362,867      $ (20,782   $ 893,142   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

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EDGEN GROUP

NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED

COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

1. Basis of Presentation, the Reorganization, Offering, and Use of Proceeds.

The historical financial information is derived from the historical consolidated financial statements of EM II LP, our accounting predecessor, and B&L, and the historical combined financial statements of B&L Predecessor, B&L’s accounting predecessor.

EM II LP was formed in 2007 by certain funds controlled by JCP to acquire, along with certain institutional investors and existing management, Edgen/Murray, L.P., EM II LP’s predecessor. JCP has controlled EM II LP and its predecessor since 2005.

B&L was formed on July 19, 2010 by the same funds controlled by JCP that were investors in EM II LP. On August 19, 2010, these funds, other investors in EM II LP and EMC, invested in B&L and B&L acquired through its wholly owned subsidiary, Bourland & Leverich Supply Co. LLC, or B&L Supply, certain assets and working capital and other contractual liabilities of B&L Predecessor, which together comprised B&L Predecessor’s oil country tubular goods distribution business. This transaction was accounted for as an acquisition and the assets and liabilities of B&L Predecessor were recorded by B&L at fair value. As a result of this transaction, B&L succeeded to substantially all of the business of B&L Predecessor.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 assume the pro forma transactions noted herein occurred on January 1, 2010. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet presents the financial effects of the pro forma transactions noted herein as if they had occurred on December 31, 2011.

The pro forma financial statements reflect the following significant transactions:

The Reorganization

Several transactions, which we collectively refer to as the Reorganization, will occur in connection with this offering. These transactions include:

(1) Immediately prior to the completion of this offering, EM II LP will contribute all of the equity interests of EMGH Limited to EMC, thereby making EMGH Limited a wholly-owned subsidiary of EMC. EMGH Limited has historically comprised the Eastern Hemisphere operating segment of EM II LP.

(2) Edgen Group will form EDG LLC as a new intermediate holding company.

(3) EMC’s ownership interest in B&L will be redeemed by B&L in exchange for membership units of B&L Supply.

(4) Edgen Group will amend its certificate of incorporation to convert its one outstanding common share, which is held by an affiliate of JCP, into one share of Class A common stock that will be surrendered to Edgen Group.

(5) EM II LP will contribute all of the shares of capital stock of EMC and all of EM II LP’s liabilities to us for membership units of EDG LLC and Class B common stock of Edgen Group. As a result, EDG LLC will become the indirect owner of EMC and all of the other direct and indirect subsidiaries that had comprised the entire business of EM II LP.

(6) B&L will contribute all of the membership units of B&L Supply (other than those held by EMC) and all of B&L’s liabilities to us for membership units of EDG LLC and Class B common stock of Edgen Group. As a result, EDG LLC will become the sole owner of the subsidiary that had comprised the entire business of B&L (through its direct and indirect ownership of B&L Supply).

(7) EM II LP may elect to have EM Holdings LLC purchase from EMC all or a portion of EMC’s membership units in B&L Supply with either cash or a note payable to EMC.

 

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(8) Holders of restricted units of EM II LP and B&L will exchange such units for restricted shares of our Class A common stock.

(9) Holders of options to purchase units of EM II LP or B&L will exchange such options for options to purchase our Class A common stock.

Following these transactions, and upon completion of this offering, EDG LLC will be controlled by Edgen Group, its managing member. Edgen Group, EM II LP and B&L will own approximately 42%, 29% and 29% of the membership units of EDG LLC, respectively.

Following these transactions, and upon completion of this offering approximately 35% of the Class A common stock of Edgen Group will be owned by purchasers in this offering. Edgen Group will be controlled by EM II LP and B&L through their ownership of 50% and 50% of the Class B common stock of Edgen Group, respectively. The Existing Investors will exchange their restricted units of EM II LP and B&L for restricted shares of our Class A common stock, and, to the extent such Existing Investors also own unrestricted units of EM II LP and B&L, will remain the owners of such units of EM II LP and B&L, and EM II LP and B&L will be controlled by the same affiliates of JCP that controlled each of them before these transactions. Holders of our Class A and Class B common stock will be entitled to one vote per share. Holders of shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock will generally vote together as a single class on all matters (including the election of directors) submitted to a vote of stockholders. Holders of our Class A common stock will be entitled to receive dividends if, as and when dividends are declared from time to time by our board of directors. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of our Class A common stock will be entitled to receive ratably the assets available for distribution to our stockholders after payment of liabilities and payment of liquidation preferences on any outstanding shares of our preferred stock. Our Class B common stock will have no economic rights. See “Description of our Capital Stock.”

Subject to certain limitations, EM II LP and B&L will each have Exchange Rights to exchange from time to time membership units of EDG LLC, and shares of Class B common stock of Edgen Group for shares of Class A common stock of Edgen Group on the basis of one membership unit of EDG LLC and one share of Class B common stock of Edgen Group collectively for one share of Class A common stock of Edgen Group (subject to customary conversion rate adjustments for splits, stock dividends and reclassifications) or, if we so elect, cash equal to the trading price of a share of Class A common stock of Edgen Group, all in accordance with an exchange agreement among it, EDG LLC and Edgen Group. If the Exchange Rights were exercised in full upon the completion of this offering and settled solely for shares of Class A common stock of Edgen Group, approximately 35%, 7%, 29% and 29% of the Class A common stock of Edgen Group would be owned by purchasers in this offering, Existing Investors receiving restricted stock in the Reorganization, EM II LP and B&L, respectively. Because we will control the decision of whether the exchange is settled with cash or shares of our Class A common stock, we have reflected the Class B common stock as permanent equity within our pro forma financial statements and will do so in our financial statements after this offering. See “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions— Exchange Agreements.”

We will also enter into a tax receivable agreement with each of EM II LP and B&L that will provide for the payment by Edgen Group of 85% of the amount of cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax that we actually realize as a result of increased depreciation and amortization deductions available to us as a result of the taxable exchange of EDG LLC membership units for Class A common stock or cash pursuant to the Exchange Rights, as a result of certain other transactions that result in increases in our share of the tax basis of EDG LLC’s assets, and as a result of certain other tax benefits arising from our entering into the tax receivable agreement and making payments under that agreement. See and “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions— Tax Receivable Agreement.”

As a result of the Reorganization and upon completion of this offering, we will become the new parent holding company of the historical businesses of EM II LP and B&L, and will consolidate the results of these businesses with our own. The Reorganization will be accounted for as a transaction between entities under common control, as the entities involved in the transaction, including all of the direct and indirect subsidiaries of EM II LP and B&L, each were previously and continue to remain after the Reorganization, under the common control of affiliates of JCP. Specifically, the same affiliate of JCP that has the ability to designate the B&L Board (which controls B&L), is also the managing member of the general partner of EM II LP (which controls EM II LP). Following the Reorganization, EM II LP and B&L will together own 100% of the Edgen Group Class B common stock, which will represent a majority of the voting power of Edgen Group.

 

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Initial Public Offering and Use of Offering Proceeds

Assuming the issuance of 15,000,000 shares at an assumed initial public offering price of $15.00 per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, we expect that our net proceeds from the initial public offering of our Class A common stock will be approximately $206.4 million, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions, and the estimated fees and expenses associated with this offering. We intend to use all of such net proceeds to purchase newly-issued membership units from EDG LLC, which will be used by EDG LLC to repay certain indebtedness of its consolidated subsidiaries. We expect to use any remaining net proceeds from this offering for other general corporate purposes. Specifically, we expect to repay the following indebtedness:

BL term loan. The BL term loan was issued by B&L on August 19, 2010 under a credit agreement and had an outstanding balance of $116.4 million at December 31, 2011 and matures August 19, 2015. The BL term loan accrues interest at LIBOR, plus 9.0% for LIBOR loans, and prime plus 8.0% for base rate loans and the weighted average interest rate paid on the BL term loan during the year ended December 31, 2011 was 11.0%. We will use the proceeds from this offering to repay all of the outstanding balance as well as accrued interest of $0.4 million and a prepayment penalty of $14.5 million at December 31, 2011.

EM revolving credit facility. At December 31, 2011, there was $20.5 million in cash borrowings and $42.3 million in trade finance instruments outstanding under the EM revolving credit facility. The EM revolving credit facility matures May 11, 2014 and the weighted average interest rate paid on the EM revolving credit facility during the year ended December 31, 2011 was 4.36%. We will use the proceeds from this offering to repay $19.8 million of the outstanding balance at December 31, 2011. There is no repayment penalty associated with the repayment of this debt.

Seller Note. At December 31, 2011, there was $50.0 million outstanding under a note payable to the former owner of B&L Predecessor which matures on August 19, 2019 and accrues interest at 8.0% annually. We will use the proceeds from this offering to repay all of the principal balance as well as accrued interest of $5.3 million at December 31, 2011. There is no prepayment penalty associated with the repayment of the Seller Note.

2. Pro Forma Adjustments and Assumptions.

 

On July 19, 2010, B&L was formed for the purpose of acquiring through its wholly owned subsidiary, Bourland & Leverich Supply Co. LLC, or B&L Supply, certain assets and working capital and other contractual liabilities of B&L Predecessor, which together comprised B&L Predecessor’s oil country tubular goods distribution business. We refer to this transaction as the B&L Acquisition.

The total purchase price of the B&L Acquisition was $278.5 million, which consisted of $220.4 million in cash (including a preliminary working capital adjustment of $18.2 million), a $50.0 million five-year subordinated note payable to the seller of B&L Predecessor, net of discount of $6.3 million, a final working capital adjustment of $13.4 million, and a balance due to B&L Predecessor of $1.0 million. The cash purchase price of $220.4 million, deferred financing costs of $12.0 million, and acquisition costs of $1.2 million were funded through cash proceeds from the issuance of a $125.0 million term loan, $65.0 million from the issuance of Class A common units, and $43.6 million in borrowings under the BL revolving credit facility.

The B&L Acquisition closed on August 19, 2010 and acquisition accounting was applied to record the purchase price of $278.5 million to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value as summarized below:

 

Accounts receivable

   $ 47.0   

Inventory

     110.4   

Property, plant, and equipment

     1.1   

Customer relations

     154.3   

Noncompetition agreement

     2.0   

Tradenames

     10.0   

Accounts payable

     (42.5

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

     (3.8
  

 

 

 

Purchase price

   $ 278.5   
  

 

 

 

 

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As a result of the determination of the fair value of assets acquired, including other intangible assets, and liabilities assumed from the acquisition, no goodwill was recognized.

Also on August 19, 2010, EM II LP, through its wholly owned subsidiary, EMC, invested approximately $10.0 million for a 14.5% equity interest in B&L, that has been accounted for historically by EM II LP under the equity method. As a result of the Reorganization, we will own 100% of the equity interests in B&L supply, which constitutes the entire business of B&L, and will consolidate the business of B&L with our own. As this transaction will be accounted for as a reorganization of entities under common control, acquisition accounting will not be applied to the consolidation of B&L’s business, and the assets and liabilities of B&L will be recorded in our accounting records at their carryover basis. Adjustments (a) through (h) below reflect the effects of the consolidation of B&L’s business:

(a) Reflects the elimination of purchases and sales made between EM II LP and B&L and the elimination of non-trade receivables due to EM II LP from B&L for nominal expenditures paid by EM II LP on B&L’s behalf.

EM II LP also receives a service fee of $2.0 million per year from B&L for support services provided related to information technology, legal, treasury, tax, financial reporting and other administrative expenses. This service fee income and the related expense incurred by B&L are included in selling, general and administrative expense in the historical financial statements of EM II LP and B&L, respectively. As these amounts offset in the combination of the businesses of EM II LP and B&L, no further pro forma adjustment to eliminate this service fee is required.

(b) Reflects the transaction costs of $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 associated with the B&L Acquisition that are reflected in the historical financial statements of B&L. These costs primarily include legal, accounting and valuation professional service fees.

(c) Reflects the elimination of EM II LP’s equity in earnings of B&L and the elimination of EM II LP’s equity method investment in B&L.

(d) Reflects incremental amortization expense of $9.2 million incurred as a result of the recognition of $156.3 million of amortizable intangible assets and an immaterial amount of less than $15.0 thousand of incremental depreciation expense incurred as a result of the approximately $0.1 million step up in basis of plant, property and equipment due to the application of acquisition accounting on August 19, 2010.

Amortizable intangible assets of $156.3 million consist of customer relationships of $154.3 million and non-competition agreements of $2.0 million. The fair value of these intangible assets was derived using an income/excess earnings valuation method, which is based on the assumption that earnings are generated by all of the assets held by B&L, both tangible and intangible. The income/excess earnings method estimates the fair value of an intangible asset by discounting its future cash flows and applying charges for contributory assets. Certain estimates and assumptions were used to derive the customer relationship intangible, including future earnings projections, discount rates, and customer attrition rates. In determining the fair value for noncompetition agreements, B&L considered future earnings projections, discount rates, and estimates of potential losses resulting from competition, the enforceability of the terms, and the likelihood of competition in the absence of the agreement. The useful lives for customer relationships were estimated based on historical experience of B&L.

Additional amortization expense associated with these customer relationships and noncompetition agreements of approximately $14.0 million and $0.4 million per year, respectively, will be recognized annually over the respective useful lives of the assets of 11 years and 5 years, respectively.

The pro forma adjustment of $9.2 million reflects the incremental amortization expense that would have been incurred from January 1, 2010 through August 19, 2010, the date of the B&L Acquisition.

(e) Reflects the incremental amortization of equity-based compensation expense associated with B&L equity awards that were awarded as part of the B&L Acquisition. The following awards and assumptions were used in determining the pro forma adjustment:

 

  (i) 3,362.5 restricted units granted on the acquisition date with a per unit fair value of $1,075 and a five year vesting period. The per unit fair value of a restricted unit of $1,075 was based on a valuation methodology which uses a combined discounted cash flow valuation and comparable company market value approach;

 

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  (ii) 4,317.2 options granted on the acquisition date with a per unit option fair value of $745 and a five year vesting period. The fair value per unit option was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and the related total compensation expense was determined using an estimated forfeiture rate of 14% based on historical experience.

The weighted average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes pricing model were as follows:

 

 

 

Weighted average Black-Scholes assumptions:    2010  

Risk-free interest rate

     1.87%   

Expected volatility

     75%   

Expected dividend yield

     None   

Expected term (in years)

     6.5 years   

 

 

As no historical data was available, we calculated the expected term for employee unit options using the simplified method in accordance with the SEC’s Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 110. We based the risk-free interest rate on a traded zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bond with a term substantially equal to the option’s expected term at the grant date. We used a dividend yield of zero based on the fact that we have never paid cash dividends. The volatility used to value unit options is based on an average of historical volatility of companies in industries in which the Company operates and which the Company believes are comparable.

 

  (iii) 1,041.6 profits interest, or B&L Class B common units, granted on the acquisition date with a per unit fair value of $748 and a five year vesting period. The fair value of a B&L Class B common unit was estimated at $748 per unit and was based on a valuation methodology which uses a combined discounted cash flow valuation and comparable company market value approach which was divided by the total outstanding B&L Class A common units, including B&L Class A restricted units and options, to determine the fair value of a B&L Class B common unit at the grant date.

The difference in fair value of a B&L Class A and B&L Class B unit is due to the significant differences in distribution rights. Specifically, a B&L Class B unit only participates in distributions to the extent prior distributions exceed the sum of B&L’s net profits and the amount of capital contributions made by each holder of B&L Class A units as of the date such B&L Class B unit was issued. Given the preferred distribution rights of a B&L Class A unit, its fair value is higher than that of the B&L Class B.

The pro forma adjustment of $0.9 million reflects the incremental amortization expense associated with the above awards that would have been incurred from January 1, 2010 through August 19, 2010, the date of the B&L Acquisition.

(f) Reflects the removal of $1.1 million of interest expense-net included in B&L Predecessor’s historical financial statements related to assets and liabilities of B&L Predecessor that were not included in the B&L Acquisition. This adjustment consists of $1.2 million of interest expense related to a liability that was not assumed in the B&L Acquisition, offset partially by $0.1 million of interest income earned from cash investments not acquired in the B&L Acquisition. These are the only pro forma adjustments necessary to remove the effects of the assets and liabilities of B&L Predecessor that were not included in the B&L Acquisition.

(g) Reflects the removal of amounts related to B&L Predecessor for the period from October 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009. B&L Predecessor’s fiscal year end was September 30, 2010. The amounts presented in the B&L Predecessor Historical column in our unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2010 include the period October 1, 2009 to August 19, 2010, the date of the B&L Acquisition. Removal of the amounts related to the period from October 1, 2009 to December 31, 2009 is necessary to reflect the historical results of B&L and B&L Predecessor for the year ended December 31, 2010.

(h) Reflects incremental interest expense of $1.2 million associated with the BL revolving credit facility that would have been incurred from January 1, 2010 through August 19, 2010, the date of the B&L Acquisition. In connection with the B&L Acquisition, B&L borrowed $43.6 million under the BL revolving credit facility. The pro forma

 

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adjustment was calculated assuming this initial borrowing was outstanding from January 1, 2010 through August 19, 2010 and incurred interest at 3.9%, the weighted average interest rate paid on the BL revolving credit facility during the period.

(i) Reflects the pro forma adjustments necessary to reflect the repayment of the following amounts of indebtedness outstanding at December 31, 2011:

 

 

 

     Principal
Outstanding
     % Repaid     Total  

BL term loan

   $ 116,406         100   $ 116,406   

Seller Note

     50,000         100     50,000   

EM revolving credit facility

     20,523         97     19,812   
  

 

 

      

 

 

 
   $ 186,929         $ 186,218   

 

 

In addition to the repayment of total debt of $186.2 million, the pro forma adjustments reflect the payment of accrued interest of $5.7 million ($5.3 million of which is related to the Seller Note and included within long term debt and capital lease on the pro forma balance sheet), the payment of a prepayment fee of $14.5 million associated with the early payment of the BL term loan (total cash outflow of $206.4 million), the removal of $20.6 million and $7.5 million of interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and the write-off of unamortized deferred debt issuance costs and discounts of $13.2 million at December 31, 2011 ($2.1 million, $5.5 million and $5.6 million of which are classified within prepaid expenses and other current assets, other assets, and long term debt and capital lease, respectively, on the pro forma balance sheet).

The total pro forma adjustment of $186.3 million to reflect the repayment of debt shown on the pro forma balance sheet is shown as: (1) $167.0 million classified in long term debt and capital lease (consisting of $167.3 million of the $186.2 million in principal debt repayment as shown in the table above plus accrued interest of $5.3 million associated with the Seller Note and less unamortized discount of $5.6 million associated with the Seller Note); (2) $18.9 million classified in current portion of long term debt and capital lease (consisting of $18.9 million of the $186.2 million in principal debt repayment as shown in the table above); and (3) $0.4 million classified within accrued interest payable (consisting of $0.4 million of accrued interest payable associated with the BL term loan).

The pro forma adjustment for the prepayment fee of $14.5 million was calculated based on the outstanding balance at December 31, 2011 and the agreement governing the BL term loan as the present value of (i) 105.50% of the principal repaid and (ii) interest that would be required through August 19, 2012 on the principal repaid, assuming the adjusted LIBOR is the greater of the rate in effect on the date of determination or 2.0%. The pro forma adjustments to interest expense, accrued interest and unamortized deferred debt issuance costs were calculated pro rata based on the percent of total principal of each outstanding debt instrument that was repaid as shown below:

Pro Forma Interest Expense Adjustment

 

 

 

Year ended December 31, 2011

   

Year ended December 31, 2010

 
    Interest
Expense
    % of
Principal
Repaid
    Total Pro
Forma
Adjustment
        Interest
Expense
    % of
Principal
Repaid
    Total Pro
Forma
Adjustment
 

BL term loan

  $ 15,688        100   $ 15,688      BL term loan   $ 5,878        100   $ 5,878   

Seller Note

    4,576        100     4,576      Seller Note     1,640        100     1,640   

EM revolving credit facility

    313        97     302     

EM revolving credit facility

    8        97     8   
 

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

     

 

 

 
  $ 20,577        $ 20,566        $ 7,526        $ 7,526   

 

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Pro Forma Debt Issuance Costs/Discount Adjustment

    

Pro Forma Accrued Interest Adjustment

 

At December 31, 2011

    

At December 31, 2011

 
    Unamortized
Debt
Issuance Costs/

Discount
    % of
Principal
Repaid
    Total Pro
Forma
Adjustment
         Accrued
Interest
    % of
Principal
Repaid
    Total Pro
Forma
Adjustment
 

BL term loan

  $ 7,598        100   $ 7,598       BL term loan   $ 356        100   $ 356   

Seller Note

    5,624        100     5,624       Seller Note     5,322        100     5,322   
 

 

 

     

 

 

      

 

 

     

 

 

 
  $ 13,222        $ 13,222         $ 5,678        $ 5,678   

 

 

There is no pro forma adjustment to write off any amount of unamortized deferred debt issuance costs associated with the EM revolving credit facility as we do not intend to terminate this facility and because the available credit under this facility will remain the same. We intend to repay certain outstanding indebtedness of this facility and expect to continue to use this facility subsequent to this offering for borrowings and the issuance of trade finance instruments as we have done historically. As such, the debt issuance costs associated with this facility will continue to be amortized over its remaining life.

The pro forma adjustments for the prepayment penalty on the BL term loan of $14.5 million and the write off of unamortized debt issuance costs and discount of $13.2 million are together allocated in the pro forma balance sheet 42% ($11.7 million) to the retained deficit line item and 58% ($16.1 million) to the non-controlling interest line item. See footnote (j) below for information on the detailed calculations for this allocation.

The pro forma adjustments to interest expense are calculated based on the amount of debt that will be repaid multiplied by the interest rate associated with each outstanding debt instrument. The interest expense amounts associated with the EM revolving credit facility does not include amortization of debt issuance costs as we intend to continue the use of this facility subsequent to this offering. The weighted average interest rates for the indebtedness that will be repaid were as follows:

 

      Year Ended December 31,  
     2011     2010  

BL term loan

     11.0     11.0

Seller Note

     8.0     8.0

EM revolving credit facility

     4.4     4.1

(j) Reflects the pro forma adjustments to general partner, limited partners, non-controlling interest, retained deficit, accumulated other comprehensive loss and income attributable to non-controlling interest necessary to reflect the ownership interest of EDG LLC that will not be owned by us. Following the Reorganization and this offering, we will own 42% of EDG LLC and EM II LP and B&L will own the remaining 58% in the aggregate. We will control EDG LLC as the managing member of EDG LLC which holds 100% of the voting power of EDG LLC. As such, we will consolidate EDG LLC and recognize as non-controlling interest the economic interest EM II LP and B&L will hold in EDG LLC.

 

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The pro forma adjustment to non-controlling interest of $61.0 million represents 58% of the sum of (i) the underlying net deficit of EDG LLC (represented by the historical equity balances attributed to the limited partnership units of EM II LP and B&L that are held directly by the Existing Investors) and (ii) the share of the impact of the pro forma adjustments related to the prepayment penalty associated with the BL term loan and the write off of the unamortized discount and debt issuance costs associated with the BL term loan and the Seller Note allocated to the non-controlling interests. The pro forma adjustments to general partner and limited partners of $(37.8) million and $89.6 million, respectively, (net adjustment of $51.8 million) represent the complete removal of the historical equity of EM II LP and B&L which is then reallocated, along with the allocation of pro forma adjustments and historical accumulated other comprehensive loss, to the public shareholders and non-controlling interest as described above and as calculated below:

Non-controlling Interest

 

 

 

     Balances at
December 31, 2011
    Allocation to non-
controlling
interest (58%)
    Allocation to public
shareholders (42%)
 

Allocation of historical equity

      

Historical deficit of EM II LP attributable to the Existing Investors

   $ (129,735    

Historical equity of B&L attributable to the Existing Investors

     91,116       

Elimination of EM II LP’s investment in B&L

     (13,180    
  

 

 

     

Total allocation of historical equity

   $ (51,799   $ (30,043   $ (21,756

Allocation of pro forma adjustments

      

BL term loan prepayment fee

   $ (14,549    

Write off of unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs

     (13,222    
  

 

 

     

Total allocation of pro forma adjustments

   $ (27,771   $ (16,107   $ (11,664

Allocation of historical accumulated other comprehensive loss

      

Historical accumulated other comprehensive loss

   $ (25,648   $ (14,876   $ (10,772
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total allocation

   $ (105,218   $ (61,026   $ (44,192

Classification on pro forma balance sheet

      

Retained deficit

     $      $ (33,420

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

              (10,772

Non-controlling interest

       (61,026  
    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     $ (61,026   $ (44,192

 

 

The pro forma adjustments to net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest of $1.1 million and $(41.7) million for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, are calculated as follows:

Net Income attributable to non-controlling interest

 

 

 

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2011

   

YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010

 

Pro forma net income

   $ 2,146     

Pro forma net loss

   $ (71,833

Less: historical net income attributable to non-controlling interest of EM II LP

     (288  

Less: historical net income attributable to non-controlling interest of EM II LP

     (14
  

 

 

      

 

 

 

Subtotal

     1,858     

Subtotal

     (71,847

Non-controlling interest ownership percentage

     58   Non-controlling interest ownership percentage      58
  

 

 

      

 

 

 

Net income attributable to non-controlling interest

   $ 1,078     

Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest

   $ (41,671
  

 

 

      

 

 

 

 

 

(k) Reflects the pro forma adjustments necessary to reflect the issuance of 15,000,000 of our shares of Class A common stock and the effects of the Reorganization. The pro forma adjustments include:

 

   

Issuance of 15,000,000 of our shares of Class A common stock at an assumed initial public offering price of $15.00 per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, net of estimated underwriting discounts and commissions, and estimated offering fees and expenses of $18.6 million, for total net proceeds of $206.4 million.

 

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The contribution by (1) EM II LP of all of the capital stock of EMC and all of the liabilities of EM II LP and (2) B&L of all of the membership units of B&L Supply and all of the liabilities of B&L to us in exchange for membership units of EDG LLC (approximately 58% of EDG LLC) and 24,216,581 of our shares of Class B common stock.

Following these transactions, approximately 83% of our Class A common stock will be owned by purchasers in this offering and our Class B common stock will be 100% owned by EM II LP and B&L in the aggregate. We will be controlled by EM II LP and B&L, which will be controlled by the same affiliates of JCP that controlled EM II LP and B&L prior to the Reorganization.

(l) Reflects transaction costs of $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 associated with this offering that are included in the historical financial statements of EM II LP and B&L. These costs primarily include accounting and professional service fees.

(m) Reflects additional compensation expense associated with new employment agreements for our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer that will be entered into in conjunction with this offering. The adjustments of $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, were calculated based on the difference in each officer’s new base salary and the salary that was expensed by EM II LP in each respective year.

(n) Reflects the income tax adjustments necessary as a result of the above pro forma adjustments and the consolidation of the business of B&L. Historically the business of B&L was not subject to U.S. federal income tax at the entity level, but, following the completion of this offering, it will be a part of Edgen Group’s consolidated group for tax purposes through Edgen Group’s consolidation of B&L Supply after the Reorganization. Accordingly, there will be tax expense for Edgen Group attributable to the business of B&L. The pro forma income tax adjustments are based on an effective tax rate of approximately 37% during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010. The tax rates were calculated based on the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35%, as well as a blended state tax rate of approximately 2.0% for EM II LP and B&L for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 based on the various state and foreign jurisdictions in which EM II LP and B&L operate and in which their income is subject to taxation.

For the year ended December 31, 2011, the pro forma tax adjustment of $15.6 million is calculated as approximately 37% of the sum of (i) B&L’s historical net income of $24.0 million and (ii) the income effect of the pro forma adjustments of $18.3 million.

For the year ended December 31, 2010, the pro forma tax adjustment of $15.4 million is calculated as approximately 37% of the sum of (i) B&L’s historical net income of $6.5 million, (ii) B&L predecessor’s historical net income of $50.9 million and (iii) the income effect of the pro forma adjustments of $(15.6) million.

No pro forma adjustment has been made for the effect of the tax receivable agreements between Edgen Group and each of EM II LP and B&L, as the amounts due under the tax receivable agreements are not presently known because such amounts will depend on whether, when and to what extent the Exchange Rights are exercised and certain other transactions that result in increases in our share of the tax basis of EDG LLC occur. Each exchange of EDG LLC membership units is expected to increase the tax basis of the assets we own to fair value at the time of the exchange and is thereby expected to allow us to reduce the amount of future tax payments to the extent that we have future taxable income. We are then required by the tax receivable agreements to pay 85% of these future tax benefits, if any, to EM II LP and B&L.

If the Exchange Rights were to be exercised in full and if all of the other transactions that could result in an increase in our share of the basis of EDG LLC’s assets were to occur, in each case, in a hypothetical fully-taxable transaction upon completion of the issuance of 15,000,000 of our shares of Class A common stock at an assumed initial public offering price of $15.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, the effect would result in the recognition of:

 

   

a deferred tax asset of $52.3 million, which represents the tax benefits attributable to Edgen Group as a result of the basis step-up for tax purposes derived from the taxable exchanges (based on an effective tax rate of 37.0% which includes a provision for federal, state and local income taxes), and

 

   

a related liability of $44.5 million, which represents 85% of these future tax benefits that are payable to EM II LP and B&L.

 

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Under the above scenario, and assuming no material changes in the relevant tax law and that we earn sufficient taxable income to realize the full tax benefit of the increased depreciation and amortization of our assets, we expect that future payments under the tax receivable agreements would range from approximately $1.4 million to $4.7 million per year over the next 15 years.

(o) Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Edgen Group by the number of basic weighted average shares outstanding. The number of basic weighted average shares outstanding is calculated as the sum of the shares of our Class A common stock issued in this offering and the shares of vested restricted Class A common stock that were exchanged for vested restricted units of EM II LP and B&L.

Diluted earning per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to Edgen Group (adjusted for income (loss) attributable to the non-controlling interest of EDG LLC owned by the holders of our Class B common shares) divided by the number of diluted weighted average shares outstanding. Diluted weighted average shares outstanding is calculated as the sum of the basic shares outstanding, unvested restricted Class A common stock, Class B units, and unvested options using the treasury stock method, which requires the inclusion in dilutive earnings per share of the incremental shares that would be assumed to be purchased in a hypothetical stock option exercise of all in-the-money options. In using the treasury stock method, we assumed an average stock price of $15.00 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). Each Class B share is included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because it is exchangeable, along with one unit in EDG LLC, for one Class A common share. As the Class B shares are exchanged, the net income attributable to Edgen Group and the amount of Class A common shares outstanding will increase. See the calculations below:

 

Basic:

  

Class A shares

     15,000,000   

Class A vested restricted stock

     2,110,950   
  

 

 

 

Weighted average shares outstanding

     17,110,950   

Diluted:

  

Basic weighted average shares outstanding

     17,110,950   

Class A unvested restricted stock

     854,137   

Class B shares

     24,216,581   

Class A options (vested and unvested) using treasury stock method

     675,475   
  

 

 

 

Weighted average shares outstanding

     42,857,143   

For the year ended December 31, 2011, the net income attributable to Edgen Group in the calculation of diluted earnings per share would have been $1.9 million, as all net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest of EDG LLC ($1.1 million) as shown in footnote (j) would have been attributable to Edgen Group if the Class B shares were exchanged for Class A Shares.

Due to the pro forma net loss of Edgen Group for the year ended December 31, 2010, all dilutive shares shown above were excluded from the calculation of earnings per share and no adjustment to the net loss attributable to Edgen Group was necessary since all shares were antidilutive.

The number of shares of Class A vested and unvested restricted stock exchanged for units of EM II LP and B&L was determined (1) valuing the restricted units based on the value ascribed to the business in the offering (assuming the sale of 15,000,000 shares for $15.00 per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, representing approximately 35% of the Company’s total value upon completion of this offering) and (2) then converting the restricted unit value to a number of shares of Class A common stock of comparable value (valuing each share of Class A common stock at $15.00 per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus).

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the sections entitled “Summary Historical Consolidated and Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information,” “Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data” and the consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The discussion of the overview of our business, including principal factors affecting our business, and our outlook give effect to the Reorganization whereas the discussion of our financial condition and results of operations of our predecessor do not give effect to the Reorganization. The following discussion also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” For additional information regarding some of the risks and uncertainties that affect our business and the industry in which we operate and that apply to an investment in our common stock, please see “Risk Factors” beginning on page 26.

Overview of Business

General

We are a distributor of our suppliers’ manufactured products and earn revenue from the sales of specialty steel products to our customers, though we do not, ourselves, manufacture any products. We primarily serve customers that operate in the upstream, midstream and downstream end-markets for oil and natural gas. We also serve power generation, civil construction and mining applications, which have a similar need for our technical expertise in specialized steel and specialty products.

On August 19, 2010, the predecessor business of Bourland & Leverich, a leading distributor of oil country tubular goods was acquired by certain existing limited partners of EM II LP, including funds controlled by affiliates of JCP, and the management of Bourland & Leverich. In connection with this transaction, EMC invested approximately $10.0 million in exchange for a 14.5% ownership stake in B&L, the investment vehicle that carried out the acquisition of Bourland & Leverich. We refer to this transaction as the B&L Acquisition. B&L and our predecessor are under the common control of affiliates of JCP. Our predecessor has historically accounted for this investment under the equity method of accounting, but as a result of the Reorganization described below, we will own 100% of the equity interests in B&L Supply, constituting the entire business of B&L, and will consolidate the business of B&L with our own for accounting purposes.

Our service platform consists of a worldwide network of over 25 distribution facilities and over 35 sales offices operating in 15 countries on 5 continents. We source and distribute from our global network of more than 800 suppliers steel components that we believe are of premium quality and highly engineered. We serve a diversified customer base of over 2,000 customers who rely on our supplier relationships, technical expertise, stocking and logistical support for the timely provision around the world of the products we supply.

We believe that we deliver value to our customers around the world by providing (1) access to a broad range of high quality products from multiple supplier sources; (2) coordination and quality control of logistics, staged delivery, fabrication and additional related services; (3) understanding of supplier pricing, capacity and deliveries; (4) ability to provide specialized offerings across multiple suppliers to create complete material packages; (5) on-hand inventory of specialty products to reduce our customers’ need to maintain large stocks of replacement product; and (6) capitalization necessary to manage multi-million dollar supply orders.

Prior to the Reorganization, we managed our operations in two geographic markets and reported our results under two reportable segments: Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere. As a result of the Reorganization, our two reportable segments will now be the E&I Segment and OCTG Segment. See “Factors Affecting Comparability of Future Results and Historical Results—Change in reportable segments.”

Principal factors affecting our business

Our sales are predominantly derived from the sale of specialty steel products which are primarily used by the energy sector for capital expenditures and MRO. As a result, our business is cyclical and substantially dependent upon conditions in the energy industry and, in particular, the willingness by our customers to make capital expenditures

 

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for the exploration and production, gathering and transmission, refining and processing of oil and natural gas. The level of customers’ expenditures generally depends on prevailing views of future supply and demand for oil, natural gas, refined products, electric power, petrochemicals and mined products. These views are influenced by numerous factors, including:

 

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the level of U.S. and worldwide oil and natural gas production;

 

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the level of U.S. and worldwide supplies of, and demand for, oil, natural gas and refined products;

 

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the discovery rates of new oil and natural gas resources;

 

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the expected cost of delivery of oil, natural gas and refined products;

 

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the availability of attractive oil and natural gas fields for production, which may be affected by governmental action or environmental policy, which may restrict exploration and development prospects;

 

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U.S. and worldwide refinery utilization rates;

 

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the amount of capital available for development and maintenance of oil, gas and refined products infrastructure;

 

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changes in the cost or availability of transportation infrastructure and pipeline capacity;

 

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levels of oil and natural gas exploration activity;

 

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national, governmental and other political requirements, including the ability of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries to set and maintain production levels and pricing;

 

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the impact of political instability, terrorist activities, piracy or armed hostilities involving one or more oil and natural gas producing nations;

 

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pricing and other actions taken by competitors that impact the market;

 

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the failure by industry participants to implement planned capital projects successfully or to realize the benefits expected for those projects;

 

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the cost of, and relative political momentum in respect of, developing alternative energy sources;

 

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U.S. and non-U.S. governmental regulations, especially anti-bribery law enforcement outside of the U.S., environmental and safety laws and regulations (including mandated changes in fuel consumption and specifications), trade laws, commodities and derivatives trading regulations and tax policies;

 

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technological advances in the oil and natural gas industry;

 

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natural disasters, including hurricanes, tsunamis, earthquakes and other weather-related events; and

 

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the overall global economic environment.

Oil and natural gas prices and processing and refining margins have been volatile. This volatility may cause our customers to change their strategies and expenditure levels. As we experienced in 2009 and through most of 2010, volatile oil and natural gas prices led to decreased capital expenditures and infrastructure project spending by industry participants, which in turn affected demand for the products we supply.

Further, we believe that demand for the products we supply is also driven by the proliferation of new drilling and extraction technologies, including horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing and global deepwater offshore drilling, because these activities typically require more specialized and greater volumes of steel products. Additionally, companies undertaking oil and natural gas extraction, processing, and transmission are facing increasingly stringent safety and environmental regulation. Future compliance with these regulations could require the use of more specialized infrastructure products and higher rates of maintenance, repair and replacement, which should further increase demand for the products we supply and services we provide, particularly MRO services.

In addition to demand factors, our results of operations are also affected by changes in the cost of the products we supply. Fluctuations in these costs are largely driven by changes in the cost and availability of raw materials used in steel-making, changes in the condition of the general economy, changes in product inventories held by our customers, our suppliers, and other distributors, prevailing steel prices around the world, production levels and tariffs and other trade restrictions. Our ability to pass on any increases in the cost of steel to our customers will have a direct impact on our profit margins. Alternatively, if the price of steel decreases significantly or if demand for the products we supply decreases because of increased customer, manufacturer, and distributor inventory levels of specialty steel pipe, pipe components, high yield structural steel products and valves, we may be required to reduce

 

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the prices we charge for the products we supply to remain competitive. Any reduction of our prices may affect our gross profit and cash flow. These effects may also require us to write-down the value of inventory on hand that we purchased prior to such steel price decreases. To meet our customers’ needs for an extensive product offering and short delivery times, we will need to continue to maintain adequate inventory levels. Our ability to obtain this inventory will depend, in part, on our relationships with suppliers.

A large part of our growth strategy is to continue expansion globally to capitalize on the increased investment in oil and natural gas exploration and production and related infrastructure around the world. As energy demand increases, particularly outside of North America, the oil and natural gas industry is making significant investments to meet this demand, as many of the international regions experiencing growth in exploration activity lack the pipeline, processing and treatment infrastructure that is necessary to transport oil and natural gas resources to end-markets. We believe we are well positioned to take advantage of this trend, but our success in these efforts will be dependent, in part, on our ability to continue to hire and train a skilled and knowledgeable sales force to attract customers in these markets.

In planning for our business, we continue to monitor the global economy, the availability of capital in the market for our customers, the demand for and prices of oil and natural gas, the active drilling rig count, the price and availability of steel and steel-making materials, lead times at our suppliers, and the impact of these factors on the capital spending plans and operations of our customers. The effects of these items, as well as demand for the products we supply, the actions of our competitors and suppliers, and other factors largely out of our control will influence whether, and to what extent, we will be successful in improving our future gross profit and profit margins.

Revenue sources

We are a leading global distributor of specialty products to the energy sector, including steel pipe, valves, quenched and tempered and high yield heavy plate and related components, though we do not, ourselves, manufacture any products. We often purchase the products we supply in large quantities that are efficient for our suppliers to produce, and we subsequently resell these products in smaller quantities to meet our customers’ requirements. Additionally, we coordinate the sourcing of complex material requirements related to our customers’ large scale projects that often result in direct shipment of product from the supplier to our customers. Our sales to customers generally fall into the following three categories: (1) Project orders, which relate to our customers’ capital expenditures for various planned projects across the upstream, midstream and downstream end-markets of the energy sector, such as transmission infrastructure build-out and rig construction and refurbishment as well as capital expenditures in the mining, civil and nuclear end-markets; (2) Drilling program orders, which relate to the delivery of surface casing and production tubulars for the onshore upstream market; and (3) MRO orders, which typically relate to the replacement of existing products that have reached their service limit, or are being replaced due to regulatory requirements. The gross margin we earn varies depending on the type of products we sell, the location and application in which the products are sold and whether the products are part of a larger Project, Drilling program or MRO order. MRO orders are typically fulfilled from our existing inventory, have shorter lead times and carry our highest margins. Project orders generally have longer lead times, are more price sensitive, are often shipped direct and carry lower margins compared to MRO orders. Generally, we earn higher margins on products associated with offshore exploration and production projects, midstream transmission pipeline projects, and downstream refinery projects. Our gross margins tend to be lower for smaller onshore oil and natural gas gathering pipeline projects.

We generate substantially all of our sales from the sale of the products we supply to third parties. We also generate a negligible component of our sales from a range of cutting and finishing services that we coordinate for our customers upon request. Generally, our fees for these services, as well as freight costs, are incorporated into our sales price. Our margins are generally reduced by sales discounts and incentives provided to our customers.

Typically, we sell the products we supply to customers on a purchase order basis. Payments from our customers within North America are generally due within 30 days of the invoice date, while our customers outside of North America may have slightly longer payment terms. There is usually a time lag between the receipt of a purchase order and delivery of the products, particularly for Project orders. While a certain portion of our MRO orders may ship immediately after receipt of a purchase order based on the availability of the product in our inventory, the remaining MRO business and the majority of our Project business is recorded in sales backlog until the product is delivered and

 

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title has transferred to the customer. We do not record sales orders related to our Drilling program in sales backlog as there is generally no interval between the securing of an order and the earning of revenue. In some cases, we enter into master services agreements with our customers. These master services agreements typically specify payment terms, establish standards of performance, and allocate certain operational risks through indemnity and related provisions. These master services agreements do not create an obligation on the part of our customers to purchase products from us and are generally supplemented by purchase orders that specify pricing, volume and other order-specific terms.

Pricing

Pricing for the products we supply could significantly impact our results of operations. Generally, as pricing increases, so do our sales. Our pricing usually increases when demand for the products we supply, the cost of our materials or freight and shipping expense increase. If prices increase and we maintain the same gross profit percentage, we generate higher levels of gross profit dollars for the same operational efforts. Conversely, if pricing declines, we will typically generate lower levels of gross profit. Because changes in pricing do not necessarily lower our expense structure, the impact on our results of operations from changes in pricing may be greater than the effect of volume changes.

Principal costs and expenses

Our principal costs and expenses consist of the following: cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation and amortization); selling, general and administrative expense, net of service fee income; depreciation and amortization expense; and interest expense. Our most significant expense is cost of sales which consists primarily of the cost of the products we supply at weighted average cost, plus inbound and outbound freight expense, outside processing expenses, physical inventory adjustments and inventory obsolescence charges, less earned incentives from suppliers.

Our cost of sales is influenced significantly by the prices we pay our suppliers to procure or manufacture the products we supply to our customers. Changes in these costs may result, for example, from increases or decreases in raw material costs, changes in our relationships with suppliers, earned incentives from our suppliers, freight and shipping costs and tariffs and other trade restrictions. Generally, we are able to pass on cost increases to our customers. However, during certain periods when we, our suppliers, our customers or our competitors have excess inventories, discounting occurs, and we are unable to realize full value for our stocked inventory products. Market conditions in the future may not permit us to fully pass through future cost increases or may force us to grant other concessions to customers. An inability to promptly pass through such increases and to compete with excess inventories may reduce our profitability, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to recover any of these increased costs. Our cost of sales is reduced by supplier discounts and purchase incentives. Payment for the products we supply is typically due to our suppliers within 30 to 60 days of delivery.

Selling, general and administrative expense includes employee compensation (including discretionary compensation awards) and benefit costs, as well as travel expenses, information technology infrastructure and communications costs, office rent and supplies, professional services and other general expenses. Selling, general and administrative expense also includes compensation and benefit costs for yard and warehouse personnel, supplies, equipment maintenance and rental, and contract storage and distribution expenses. Historical selling, general and administrative expense are presented net of service fee income from B&L, an unconsolidated affiliate, for support services we have provided related to information technology, legal, treasury, tax, financial reporting and other administrative expenses. After the Reorganization, we will consolidate the results and operations of B&L’s business and there will be no service fee income.

Depreciation and amortization expense consists of amortization of acquired intangible assets, including customer relationships and sales backlog, and the depreciation of property, plant, and equipment including leasehold improvements and capital leases.

Interest expense—net includes interest on the EMC senior secured notes, amortization of deferred financing costs and original issue discount, interest associated with a capital lease in the U.K. and interest expense related to borrowings and fees associated with the utilization of the EM revolving credit facility for trade finance instruments issued in support of

 

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our normal business operations. After the Reorganization and this offering, we intend to use the $206.4 million of expected net proceeds to purchase newly-issued EDG LLC membership units from EDG LLC, which would use such funds to repay certain amounts outstanding under the BL term loan, the EM revolving credit facility and the Seller Note. We expect to use any remaining net proceeds from this offering for other general corporate purposes.

Effects of currency fluctuations

In the ordinary course of our business, we enter into purchase and sales commitments that are denominated in currencies that differ from the functional currency used by our operating subsidiaries. Currency fluctuations can create volatility in our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. We enter into hedging transactions to manage the risk associated with foreign currency. Our derivative policy requires that only known firm commitments are hedged and that no trading in financial instruments is undertaken for speculative purposes. To the extent that we are unable to match sales received in foreign currencies with expenses paid in the same currency, exchange rate fluctuations could impact our consolidated financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows.

For the year ended December 31, 2011, approximately 38% of our sales and 21% of our pro forma sales originated from subsidiaries outside of the U.S. in currencies including, among others, the pound sterling, euro and U.S. dollar. As a result, a material change in the value of these currenc