10-Q 1 kbssorq1201910q.htm FORM 10-Q Document

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________________________________________________

 FORM 10-Q
______________________________________________________
(Mark One)
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019
OR
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             
Commission file number 000-54382
______________________________________________________
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
______________________________________________________
Maryland
 
26-3842535
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
800 Newport Center Drive, Suite 700
Newport Beach, California
 
92660
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 
(Zip Code)
(949) 417-6500
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
______________________________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large Accelerated Filer
 
¨
 
Accelerated Filer
 
¨
Non-Accelerated Filer
 
x 
 
Smaller reporting company
 
¨
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
 
¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨ No  x
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) for the Act:
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
None
N/A
N/A
As of May 10, 2019, there were 66,572,556 outstanding shares of common stock of KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT, Inc.


KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
FORM 10-Q
March 31, 2019
INDEX 
PART I.
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
Item 3.
 
Item 4.
PART II.
 
Item 1.
 
Item 1A.
 
Item 2.
 
Item 3.
 
Item 4.
 
Item 5.
 
Item 6.

1
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
Financial Statements


KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
(unaudited)
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
Real estate held for investment, net
 
$
652,485

 
$
649,868

Real estate held for sale, net
 
—

 
31,252

Real estate equity securities
 
60,973

 
73,876

Real estate debt securities, net
 
—

 
10,859

Total real estate and real estate-related investments, net
 
713,458

 
765,855

Cash and cash equivalents
 
142,782

 
152,385

Restricted cash
 
9,497

 
10,342

Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures
 
47,373

 
44,869

Rents and other receivables, net
 
13,607

 
12,292

Above-market leases, net
 
3,276

 
3,377

Prepaid expenses and other assets
 
14,489

 
13,123

Assets related to real estate held for sale, net
 
—

 
2,746

Total assets
 
$
944,482

 
$
1,004,989

Liabilities and equity
 
 
 
 
Notes and bonds payable, net
 
 
 
 
Notes and bonds payable related to real estate held for investment, net
 
$
589,608

 
$
632,627

Note payable related to real estate held for sale, net
 
—

 
22,845

Total notes and bonds payable, net
 
589,608

 
655,472

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
 
14,100

 
19,506

Due to affiliate
 
82

 
36

Below-market leases, net
 
4,652

 
5,005

Other liabilities
 
19,176

 
21,006

Redeemable common stock payable
 
7,742

 
10,000

Total liabilities
 
635,360

 
711,025

Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
 

 

Redeemable common stock
 
—

 
—

Equity
 
 
 
 
KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT, Inc. stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
 
—

 
—

Common stock, $.01 par value; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized, 66,584,729 and 66,822,861 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
 
666

 
668

Additional paid-in capital
 
547,775

 
547,770

Cumulative distributions and net income
 
(240,781
)
 
(256,984
)
Total KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT, Inc. stockholders’ equity
 
307,660

 
291,454

Noncontrolling interests
 
1,462

 
2,510

Total equity
 
309,122

 
293,964

Total liabilities and equity
 
$
944,482

 
$
1,004,989

See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

2
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)

KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Revenues:
 
 
 
Rental income
$
18,373

 
$
17,349

Other operating income
1,393

 
735

Interest income from real estate debt securities
369

 
501

Dividend income from real estate equity securities
1,776

 
1,051

Total revenues
21,911

 
19,636

Expenses:
 
 
 
Operating, maintenance, and management
6,271

 
5,487

Real estate taxes and insurance
2,977

 
2,339

Asset management fees to affiliate
1,891

 
1,825

General and administrative expenses
1,533

 
2,052

Foreign currency transaction loss, net
2,816

 
997

Depreciation and amortization
7,681

 
7,265

Interest expense
7,168

 
6,591

Total expenses
30,337

 
26,556

Other income (loss):
 
 
 
Income from unconsolidated joint venture
—

 
53

Equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures, net
7,312

 
(2,378
)
Other interest income
690

 
930

Gain (loss) on real estate equity securities
11,165

 
(16,011
)
Gain on sale of real estate
7,575

 
624

Loss on extinguishment of debt
(856
)
 
—

Total other income (loss), net
25,886

 
(16,782
)
Net income (loss)
17,460

 
(23,702
)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
(679
)
 
21

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
$
16,781

 
$
(23,681
)
Net income (loss) per common share, basic and diluted
$
0.25

 
$
(0.38
)
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted
66,812,520

 
62,526,798

See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

3
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)

KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
(unaudited)
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in Capital
 
Cumulative Distributions and Net Income
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
Total Stockholders' Equity
 
Noncontrolling Interests
 
Total Equity
 
Shares
 
Amounts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2018
66,822,861

 
$
668

 
$
547,770

 
$
(256,984
)
 
$
—

 
$
291,454

 
$
2,510

 
$
293,964

Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
16,781

 
—

 
16,781

 
679

 
17,460

Issuance of common stock
28,784

 
1

 
285

 
—

 
—

 
286

 
—

 
286

Transfers from redeemable common stock
—

 
—

 
2,258

 
—

 
—

 
2,258

 
—

 
2,258

Redemptions of common stock
(266,916
)
 
(3
)
 
(2,536
)
 
—

 
—

 
(2,539
)
 
—

 
(2,539
)
Distributions declared
—

 
—

 
—

 
(578
)
 
—

 
(578
)
 
—

 
(578
)
Other offering costs
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

 
(2
)
Noncontrolling interests contributions
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
12

 
12

Distributions to noncontrolling interests
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,739
)
 
(1,739
)
Balance, March 31, 2019
66,584,729

 
$
666

 
$
547,775

 
$
(240,781
)
 
$
—

 
$
307,660

 
$
1,462

 
$
309,122

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in Capital
 
Cumulative Distributions and Net Income
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
Total Stockholders' Equity
 
Noncontrolling Interests
 
Total Equity
 
Shares
 
Amounts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2017
52,053,817

 
$
521

 
$
388,800

 
$
(155,454
)
 
$
25,146

 
$
259,013

 
$
1,970

 
$
260,983

Cumulative effect adjustments to retained earnings
—

 
—

 
—

 
27,618

 
(25,146
)
 
2,472

 
—

 
2,472

Net loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
(23,681
)
 
—

 
(23,681
)
 
(21
)
 
(23,702
)
Issuance of common stock
41,681

 
1

 
478

 
—

 
—

 
479

 
—

 
479

Stock distribution issued
13,069,487

 
130

 
150,169

 
—

 
—

 
150,299

 
—

 
150,299

Transfers from redeemable common stock
—

 
—

 
4,130

 
—

 
—

 
4,130

 
—

 
4,130

Redemptions of common stock
(419,572
)
 
(5
)
 
(4,605
)
 
—

 
—

 
(4,610
)
 
—

 
(4,610
)
Distributions declared
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,034
)
 
—

 
(1,034
)
 
—

 
(1,034
)
Noncontrolling interests contributions
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
8

 
8

Balance, March 31, 2018
64,745,413

 
$
647

 
$
538,972

 
$
(152,551
)
 
$
—

 
$
387,068

 
$
1,957

 
$
389,025


See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

4
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)

KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited)
(in thousands)
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
 
$
17,460

 
$
(23,702
)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities:
 
 
 
 
Equity in (income) loss of unconsolidated joint ventures, net
 
(7,312
)
 
2,378

Depreciation and amortization
 
7,681

 
7,265

(Gain) loss on real estate equity securities
 
(11,165
)
 
16,011

Gain on sale of real estate
 
(7,575
)
 
(624
)
Loss on extinguishment of debt
 
856

 
—

Unrealized loss (gain) on interest rate caps
 
30

 
(31
)
Deferred rent
 
(1,270
)
 
(745
)
Bad debt recovery
 
—

 
(366
)
Amortization of above- and below-market leases, net
 
(252
)
 
(226
)
Amortization of deferred financing costs
 
869

 
789

Accretion of interest income on real estate debt securities
 
(13
)
 
(107
)
Net amortization of discount and (premium) on bond and notes payable
 
(20
)
 
14

Foreign currency transaction loss, net
 
2,816

 
997

Changes in assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Rents and other receivables
 
85

 
(1,000
)
Prepaid expenses and other assets
 
(1,925
)
 
(1,900
)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
 
(7,292
)
 
(3,802
)
Due to affiliates
 
53

 
21

Other liabilities
 
(599
)
 
15

Net cash used in operating activities
 
(7,573
)
 
(5,013
)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
 
 
 
 
Acquisitions of real estate
 
—

 
(238,170
)
Improvements to real estate
 
(8,052
)
 
(5,039
)
Proceeds from sales of real estate, net
 
17,894

 
2,542

Distributions of capital from unconsolidated joint venture
 
7,800

 
386

Investment in real estate equity securities
 
(15
)
 
(14,963
)
Proceeds from the sale of real estate equity securities
 
24,076

 
—

Proceeds from principal repayment on real estate debt securities
 
7,750

 
—

Funding of development obligations
 
(21
)
 
(621
)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
 
49,432

 
(255,865
)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from notes and bonds payable
 
2,608

 
89,000

Principal payments on notes and bonds payable
 
(54,266
)
 
(857
)
Payments of deferred financing costs
 
(7
)
 
(1,227
)
Payments to redeem common stock
 
(2,539
)
 
(4,610
)
Payment of prepaid other offering costs
 
(2
)
 
(213
)
Distributions paid
 
(292
)
 
(38,170
)
Noncontrolling interests contributions
 
12

 
8

Distributions to noncontrolling interests
 
(1,739
)
 
—

Other financing proceeds, net
 
1,822

 
—

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
 
(54,403
)
 
43,931

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
 
2,096

 
(22
)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
 
(10,448
)
 
(216,969
)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
 
162,727

 
377,182

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
 
$
152,279

 
$
160,213

See accompanying condensed notes to consolidated financial statements.

5
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)



1.
ORGANIZATION
KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) was formed on October 8, 2008 as a Maryland corporation and elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) beginning with the taxable year ended December 31, 2010. The Company conducts its business primarily through KBS Strategic Opportunity (BVI) Holdings, Ltd. (“KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI”), a private company limited by shares according to the British Virgin Islands Business Companies Act, 2004, which was incorporated on December 18, 2015 and is authorized to issue a maximum of 50,000 common shares with no par value. Upon incorporation, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI issued one certificate containing 10,000 common shares with no par value to KBS Strategic Opportunity Limited Partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), a Delaware limited partnership formed on December 10, 2008. The Company is the sole general partner of, and owns a 0.1% partnership interest in, the Operating Partnership. KBS Strategic Opportunity Holdings LLC (“REIT Holdings”), a Delaware limited liability company formed on December 9, 2008, owns the remaining 99.9% interest in the Operating Partnership and is its sole limited partner. The Company is the sole member and manager of REIT Holdings.
Subject to certain restrictions and limitations, the business of the Company is externally managed by KBS Capital Advisors LLC (the “Advisor”), an affiliate of the Company, pursuant to an advisory agreement the Company renewed with the Advisor on October 8, 2018 (the “Advisory Agreement”). The Advisor conducts the Company’s operations and manages its portfolio of real estate and other real estate-related investments.
On January 8, 2009, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-11 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) to offer a minimum of 250,000 shares and a maximum of 140,000,000 shares of common stock for sale to the public (the “Offering”), of which 100,000,000 shares were registered in a primary offering and 40,000,000 shares were registered to be sold under the Company’s dividend reinvestment plan. The SEC declared the Company’s registration statement effective on November 20, 2009. The Company ceased offering shares of common stock in its primary offering on November 14, 2012 and continues to offer shares under its dividend reinvestment plan.
The Company sold 56,584,976 shares of common stock in its primary offering for gross offering proceeds of $561.7 million. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had sold 6,772,410 shares of common stock under its dividend reinvestment plan for gross offering proceeds of $75.7 million. Also, as of March 31, 2019, the Company had redeemed 23,045,646 shares for $277.9 million. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had issued 25,976,746 shares of common stock in connection with special dividends. Additionally, on December 29, 2011 and October 23, 2012, the Company issued 220,994 shares and 55,249 shares of common stock, respectively, for $2.0 million and $0.5 million, respectively, in private transactions exempt from the registration requirements pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933.
On March 2, 2016, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI filed a final prospectus with the Israel Securities Authority for a proposed offering of up to 1,000,000,000 Israeli new Shekels of Series A debentures (the “Debentures”) at an annual interest rate not to exceed 4.25%. On March 1, 2016, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI commenced the institutional tender of the Debentures and accepted application for 842.5 million Israeli new Shekels. On March 7, 2016, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI commenced the public tender of the Debentures and accepted 127.7 million Israeli new Shekels.  In the aggregate, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI accepted 970.2 million Israeli new Shekels (approximately $249.2 million as of March 8, 2016) in both the institutional and public tenders at an annual interest rate of 4.25%.  KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI issued the Debentures on March 8, 2016.
In connection with the above-referenced offering, on March 8, 2016, the Operating Partnership assigned to KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI all of its interests in the subsidiaries through which the Company indirectly owns all of its real estate and real estate-related investments.  The Operating Partnership owns all of the issued and outstanding equity of KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI.  As a result of these transactions, the Company now holds all of its real estate and real estate-related investments indirectly through KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI.
As of March 31, 2019, the Company consolidated six office properties, one office portfolio consisting of four office buildings and 14 acres of undeveloped land, one retail property, one apartment property and three investments in undeveloped land with approximately 1,000 developable acres and owned four investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and three investments in real estate equity securities.

6
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

2.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
There have been no significant changes to the Company’s accounting policies since it filed its audited financial statements in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, except for the Company’s adoption of the lease accounting standards issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) effective on January 1, 2019. For further information about the Company’s accounting policies, refer to the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and condensed notes thereto have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information as contained within the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and the rules and regulations of the SEC, including the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the unaudited consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, the financial statements for the unaudited interim periods presented include all adjustments, which are of a normal and recurring nature, necessary for a fair and consistent presentation of the results for such periods. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, REIT Holdings, the Operating Partnership, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI and their direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, and joint ventures in which the Company has a controlling interest. All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.
Redeemable Common Stock
The Company limits the dollar value of shares that may be redeemed under the share redemption program. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company had redeemed $2.5 million of common stock under the share redemption program. The Company processed all redemption requests received in good order and eligible for redemption through the March 2019 redemption date, except for 3,294,070 shares totaling $31.0 million due to the limitations under the share redemption program. The Company recorded $7.7 million and $10.0 million of redeemable common stock payable on the Company’s balance sheet as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, related to unfulfilled redemption requests received in good order under the share redemption program. Based on the eleventh amended and restated share redemption program, the Company has $7.5 million available for redemptions in the remainder of 2019, including shares that are redeemed in connection with a stockholders’ death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence,” subject to the limitations under the share redemption program.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts in the Company’s prior period consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.  These reclassifications have not changed the results of operations of prior periods.  Upon adoption of the lease accounting standards of Topic 842 on January 1, 2019 (described below), the Company accounted for tenant reimbursements for property taxes, insurance and common area maintenance as variable lease payments and recorded these amounts as rental income on the statement of operations. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company reclassified $2.2 million of tenant reimbursement revenue for property taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance to rental income for comparability purposes.

7
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Revenue Recognition - Operating Leases
Real Estate
On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the lease accounting standards under Topic 842 including the package of practical expedients for all leases that commenced before the effective date of January 1, 2019. Accordingly, the Company     (i) did not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (ii) did not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing lease, and (iii) did not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company did not elect the practical expedient related to using hindsight to reevaluate the lease term. In addition, the Company adopted the practical expedient for land easements and did not assess whether existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under the lease accounting standards of Topic 840 are or contain a lease under Topic 842.
In addition, Topic 842 provides an optional transition method to allow entities to apply the new lease accounting standards at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The Company adopted this transition method upon its adoption of the lease accounting standards of Topic 842, which did not result in a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings on January 1, 2019. The Company’s comparative periods presented in the financial statements will continue to be reported under the lease accounting standards of Topic 840.
In accordance with Topic 842, tenant reimbursements for property taxes and insurance are included in the single lease component of the lease contract (the right of the lessee to use the leased space) and therefore are accounted for as variable lease payments and are recorded as rental income on the Company’s statement of operations beginning January 1, 2019. In addition, the Company adopted the practical expedient available under Topic 842 to not separate nonlease components from the associated lease component and instead to account for those components as a single component if the nonlease components otherwise would be accounted for under the new revenue recognition standard (Topic 606) and if certain conditions are met, specifically related to tenant reimbursements for common area maintenance which would otherwise be accounted for under the revenue recognition standard. The Company believes the two conditions have been met for tenant reimbursements for common area maintenance as (i) the timing and pattern of transfer of the nonlease components and associated lease components are the same and (ii) the lease component would be classified as an operating lease. Accordingly, tenant reimbursements for common area maintenance are also accounted for as variable lease payments and recorded as rental income on the Company’s statement of operations beginning January 1, 2019.
The Company recognizes minimum rent, including rental abatements, lease incentives and contractual fixed increases attributable to operating leases, on a straight-line basis over the term of the related leases when collectibility is probable and records amounts expected to be received in later years as deferred rent receivable. If the lease provides for tenant improvements, the Company determines whether the tenant improvements, for accounting purposes, are owned by the tenant or the Company. When the Company is the owner of the tenant improvements, the tenant is not considered to have taken physical possession or have control of the physical use of the leased asset until the tenant improvements are substantially completed. When the tenant is the owner of the tenant improvements, any tenant improvement allowance (including amounts that can be taken in the form of cash or a credit against the tenant’s rent) that is funded is treated as a lease incentive and amortized as a reduction of rental revenue over the lease term. Tenant improvement ownership is determined based on various factors including, but not limited to:
•
whether the lease stipulates how a tenant improvement allowance may be spent;
•
whether the lessee or lessor supervises the construction and bears the risk of cost overruns;
•
whether the amount of a tenant improvement allowance is in excess of market rates;
•
whether the tenant or landlord retains legal title to the improvements at the end of the lease term;
•
whether the tenant improvements are unique to the tenant or general purpose in nature; and
•
whether the tenant improvements are expected to have any residual value at the end of the lease.

8
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

The Company leases apartment units under operating leases with terms generally of one year or less. Generally, credit investigations will be performed for prospective residents and security deposits will be obtained. The Company recognizes rental revenue, net of concessions, on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, when collectibility is determined to be probable.
In accordance with Topic 842, the Company makes a determination of whether the collectibility of the lease payments in an operating lease is probable. If the Company determines the lease payments are not probable of collection, the Company would fully reserve for any contractual lease payments, deferred rent receivable, and tenant reimbursements and would recognize rental income only if cash is received. Beginning January 1, 2019, these changes to the Company’s collectibility assessment are reflected as an adjustment to rental income. Prior to January 1, 2019, bad debt expense related to uncollectible accounts receivable and deferred rent receivable was included in operating, maintenance, and management expense in the statement of operations.  Any subsequent changes to the collectibility of the allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2018, which was recorded prior to the adoption of Topic 842, are recorded in operating, maintenance, and management expense in the statement of operations.
Beginning January 1, 2019, the Company, as a lessor, records costs to negotiate or arrange a lease that would have been incurred regardless of whether the lease was obtained, such as legal costs incurred to negotiate an operating lease, as an expense and classify such costs as operating, maintenance, and management expense on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, as these costs are no longer capitalizable under the definition of initial direct costs under Topic 842.
Segments
The Company has invested in opportunistic real estate, non-performing loans and other real estate-related assets. In general, the Company intends to hold its investments in opportunistic real estate, non-performing loans and other real estate-related assets for capital appreciation. Traditional performance metrics of opportunistic real estate, non-performing loans and other real estate-related assets may not be meaningful as these investments are generally non-stabilized and do not provide a consistent stream of interest income or rental revenue. These investments exhibit similar long-term financial performance and have similar economic characteristics. These investments typically involve a higher degree of risk and do not provide a constant stream of ongoing cash flows. As a result, the Company’s management views opportunistic real estate, non-performing loans and other real estate-related assets as similar investments. Substantially all of its revenue and net income (loss) is from opportunistic real estate, non-performing loans and other real estate-related assets, and therefore, the Company currently aggregates its operating segments into one reportable business segment.
Per Share Data
Basic net income (loss) per share of common stock is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding during such period. Diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock equals basic net income (loss) per share of common stock as there were no potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
Distributions declared per share were $0.008600 and $0.015975 during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Square Footage, Occupancy and Other Measures
Any references to square footage, occupancy or annualized base rent are unaudited and outside the scope of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm’s review of the Company’s financial statements in accordance with the standards of the United States Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.

9
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Updates
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses of Financial Instruments (“ASU No. 2016-13”).  ASU No. 2016-13 affects entities holding financial assets and net investments in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income.  The amendments in ASU No. 2016-13 require a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected.  The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset.  ASU No. 2016-13 also amends the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities.  An entity will recognize an allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities as a contra-account to the amortized cost basis rather than as a direct reduction of the amortized cost basis of the investment, as is currently required. ASU No. 2016-13 also requires new disclosures.  For financial assets measured at amortized cost, an entity will be required to disclose information about how it developed its allowance for credit losses, including changes in the factors that influenced management’s estimate of expected credit losses and the reasons for those changes.  For financing receivables and net investments in leases measured at amortized cost, an entity will be required to further disaggregate the information it currently discloses about the credit quality of these assets by year of the asset’s origination for as many as five annual periods. For available-for-sale debt securities, an entity will be required to provide a roll-forward of the allowance for credit losses and an aging analysis for securities that are past due.  ASU No. 2016-13 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company is still evaluating the impact of adopting ASU No. 2016-13 on its financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820):  Disclosure Framework -Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU No. 2018-13”).  The primary focus of ASU 2018-13 is to improve the effectiveness of the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. ASU No. 2018-13 removes the requirement to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the policy for the timing of transfers between levels and the valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements. It also adds a requirement to disclose changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period and to disclose the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements. For certain unobservable inputs, entities may disclose other quantitative information in lieu of the weighted average if the other quantitative information would be a more reasonable and rational method to reflect the distribution of unobservable inputs used to develop the Level 3 fair value measurement.  In addition, public entities are required to provide information about the measurement uncertainty of recurring Level 3 fair value measurements from the use of significant unobservable inputs if those inputs reasonably could have been different at the reporting date. ASU No. 2018-13 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Entities are permitted to early adopt either the entire standard or only the provisions that eliminate or modify the requirements. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. The Company is still evaluating the impact of adopting ASU No. 2018-13 on its financial statements, but does not expect the adoption of ASU No. 2018-13 to have a material impact on its financial statements.

10
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

3.
REAL ESTATE HELD FOR INVESTMENT
As of March 31, 2019, the Company owned six office properties, one office portfolio consisting of four office buildings and 14 acres of undeveloped land and one retail property, encompassing, in the aggregate, approximately 3.0 million rentable square feet. As of March 31, 2019, these properties were 74% occupied. In addition, the Company owned one apartment property, containing 317 units and encompassing approximately 0.3 million rentable square feet, which was 94% occupied. The Company also owned three investments in undeveloped land with approximately 1,000 developable acres. The following table summarizes the Company’s real estate held for investment as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively (in thousands):
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Land
 
$
150,315

 
$
148,880

Buildings and improvements
 
524,067

 
515,705

Tenant origination and absorption costs
 
31,005

 
31,584

Total real estate, cost
 
705,387

 
696,169

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
 
(52,902
)
 
(46,301
)
Total real estate, net
 
$
652,485

 
$
649,868

The following table provides summary information regarding the Company’s real estate held for investment as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands):
Property
 
Date Acquired or Foreclosed on
 
City
 
State
 
Property Type
 
Land
 
Building
and Improvements
 
Tenant Origination and Absorption
 
Total Real Estate, at Cost
 
Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization
 
Total Real Estate, Net
 
Ownership %
Richardson Portfolio:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Palisades Central I
 
11/23/2011
 
Richardson
 
TX
 
Office
 
$
1,037

 
$
10,934

 
$
—

 
$
11,971

 
$
(2,982
)
 
$
8,989

 
90.0
%
Palisades Central II
 
11/23/2011
 
Richardson
 
TX
 
Office
 
810

 
18,710

 
—

 
19,520

 
(4,631
)
 
14,889

 
90.0
%
Greenway I
 
11/23/2011
 
Richardson
 
TX
 
Office
 
561

 
2,145

 
—

 
2,706

 
(792
)
 
1,914

 
90.0
%
Greenway III
 
11/23/2011
 
Richardson
 
TX
 
Office
 
702

 
3,688

 
114

 
4,504

 
(1,273
)
 
3,231

 
90.0
%
Undeveloped Land
 
11/23/2011
 
Richardson
 
TX
 
Undeveloped Land
 
3,134

 
—

 
—

 
3,134

 
—

 
3,134

 
90.0
%
Total Richardson Portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,244

 
35,477

 
114

 
41,835

 
(9,678
)
 
32,157

 
 
Park Highlands (1)
 
12/30/2011
 
North Las Vegas
 
NV
 
Undeveloped Land
 
31,718

 
—

 
—

 
31,718

 
—

 
31,718

 
100.0% (1)

Burbank Collection
 
12/12/2012
 
Burbank
 
CA
 
Retail
 
4,175

 
12,322

 
302

 
16,799

 
(2,663
)
 
14,136

 
90.0
%
Park Centre
 
03/28/2013
 
Austin
 
TX
 
Office
 
3,251

 
30,160

 
—

 
33,411

 
(4,947
)
 
28,464

 
100.0
%
1180 Raymond
 
08/20/2013
 
Newark
 
NJ
 
Apartment
 
8,292

 
38,723

 
—

 
47,015

 
(6,936
)
 
40,079

 
100.0
%
Park Highlands II (1)
 
12/10/2013
 
North Las Vegas
 
NV
 
Undeveloped Land
 
26,154

 
—

 
—

 
26,154

 
—

 
26,154

 
100.0% (1)

Richardson Land II
 
09/04/2014
 
Richardson
 
TX
 
Undeveloped Land
 
3,418

 
—

 
—

 
3,418

 
—

 
3,418

 
90.0
%
Crown Pointe
 
02/14/2017
 
Dunwoody
 
GA
 
Office
 
22,590

 
65,806

 
5,085

 
93,481

 
(8,569
)
 
84,912

 
100.0
%
125 John Carpenter
 
09/15/2017
 
Irving
 
TX
 
Office
 
2,755

 
77,051

 
8,723

 
88,529

 
(6,817
)
 
81,712

 
100.0
%
The Marq (2)
 
03/01/2018
 
Minneapolis
 
MN
 
Office
 
10,387

 
76,599

 
4,271

 
91,257

 
(3,885
)
 
87,372

 
100.0
%
City Tower
 
03/06/2018
 
Orange
 
CA
 
Office
 
13,930

 
132,862

 
7,937

 
154,729

 
(7,257
)
 
147,472

 
100.0
%
Eight & Nine Corporate Centre
 
06/08/2018
 
Franklin
 
TN
 
Office
 
17,401

 
55,067

 
4,573

 
77,041

 
(2,150
)
 
74,891

 
100.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
150,315

 
$
524,067

 
$
31,005

 
$
705,387

 
$
(52,902
)
 
$
652,485

 
 
_____________________
(1) The Company owns 100% of the common members’ equity of Park Highlands and Park Highlands II. On September 7, 2016 and January 8, 2019, a subsidiary of the Company that owns a portion of Park Highlands and Park Highlands II, sold 820 units of 10% Class A non-voting preferred membership units for $0.8 million and 1,927 units of 10% Class A2 non-voting preferred membership units for $1.9 million, respectively, to accredited investors. The amount of the Class A and A2 non-voting preferred membership units raised, net of offering costs, is included in other liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
(2) This property was formerly known as Marquette Plaza and was re-named The Marq in connection with the Company’s re-branding strategy for this property.

11
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Operating Leases
Certain of the Company’s real estate properties are leased to tenants under operating leases for which the terms and expirations vary. As of March 31, 2019, the leases, excluding options to extend and apartment leases, which have terms that are generally one year or less, had remaining terms of up to 13.2 years with a weighted-average remaining term of 4.9 years. Some of the leases have provisions to extend the lease agreements, options for early termination after paying a specified penalty and other terms and conditions as negotiated. The Company retains substantially all of the risks and benefits of ownership of the real estate assets leased to tenants. Generally, upon the execution of a lease, the Company requires a security deposit from tenants in the form of a cash deposit and/or a letter of credit. The amount required as a security deposit varies depending upon the terms of the respective leases and the creditworthiness of the tenant, but generally are not significant amounts. Therefore, exposure to credit risk exists to the extent that a receivable from a tenant exceeds the amount of its security deposit. Security deposits received in cash and assumed in real estate acquisitions related to tenant leases are included in other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and totaled $3.6 million and $3.7 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized deferred rent from tenants of $1.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively, net of lease incentive amortization. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the cumulative deferred rent receivable balance, including unamortized lease incentive receivables, was $11.1 million and $9.8 million, respectively, and is included in rents and other receivables on the accompanying balance sheets. The cumulative deferred rent balance included $1.3 million of unamortized lease incentives as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
As of March 31, 2019, the future minimum rental income from the Company’s properties, excluding apartment leases, under non-cancelable operating leases was as follows (in thousands):
April 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019
$
40,401

2020
53,226

2021
48,885

2022
42,233

2023
36,847

Thereafter
114,555

 
$
336,147

As of March 31, 2019, the Company’s commercial real estate properties were leased to approximately 250 tenants over a diverse range of industries and geographic areas. The Company’s highest tenant industry concentrations (greater than 10% of annualized base rent) were as follows:
Industry
 
Number of Tenants
 
Annualized Base Rent (1) 
(in thousands)
 
Percentage of
Annualized Base Rent
Health Care and Social Services
 
17
 
$
7,397

 
13.2
%
Insurance
 
22
 
6,086

 
10.8
%
 
 
 
 
$
13,483

 
24.0
%
_____________________
(1) Annualized base rent represents annualized contractual base rental income as of March 31, 2019, adjusted to straight-line any contractual tenant concessions (including free rent), rent increases and rent decreases from the lease’s inception through the balance of the lease term.

12
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

No other tenant industries accounted for more than 10% of annualized base rent. No material tenant credit issues have been identified at this time. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded an adjustment to rental income of $0.1 million for lease payments that were deemed not probable of collection. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded bad debt recoveries of $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, which were included in operating, maintenance and management expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Geographic Concentration Risk
As of March 31, 2019, the Company’s real estate investments in California and Texas represented 17.1% and 15.4%, respectively, of the Company’s total assets.  As a result, the geographic concentration of the Company’s portfolio makes it particularly susceptible to adverse economic developments in the California and Texas real estate markets.  Any adverse economic or real estate developments in these markets, such as business layoffs or downsizing, industry slowdowns, relocations of businesses, changing demographics and other factors, or any decrease in demand for office space resulting from the local business climate, could adversely affect the Company’s operating results and its ability to make distributions to stockholders.
Sale of Real Estate
As of December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019, the Company had recorded contract liabilities of $3.1 million related to deferred proceeds received from the buyers of the Park Highlands land sales and another developer for the value of land that was contributed to a master association that is consolidated by the Company, which was included in other liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
4.
TENANT ORIGINATION AND ABSORPTION COSTS, ABOVE-MARKET LEASE ASSETS AND BELOW-MARKET LEASE LIABILITIES
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s tenant origination and absorption costs, above-market lease assets and below-market lease liabilities (excluding fully amortized assets and liabilities and accumulated amortization) were as follows (in thousands):
 
 
Tenant Origination and
Absorption Costs
 
Above-Market
Lease Assets
 
Below-Market
Lease Liabilities
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Cost
 
$
31,005

 
$
31,584

 
$
3,714

 
$
3,714

 
$
(6,519
)
 
$
(6,653
)
Accumulated Amortization
 
(8,446
)
 
(7,421
)
 
(438
)
 
(337
)
 
1,867

 
1,648

Net Amount
 
$
22,559

 
$
24,163

 
$
3,276

 
$
3,377

 
$
(4,652
)
 
$
(5,005
)
Increases (decreases) in net income as a result of amortization of the Company’s tenant origination and absorption costs, above-market lease assets and below-market lease liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in thousands):
 
 
Tenant Origination and
Absorption Costs
 
Above-Market
Lease Assets
 
Below-Market
Lease Liabilities
 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Amortization
 
$
(1,604
)
 
$
(1,537
)
 
$
(101
)
 
$
(44
)
 
$
353

 
$
270


13
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Additionally, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had recorded tax abatement intangible assets, net of amortization, on real estate held for investment, which are included in prepaid expenses and other assets in the accompanying balance sheets, of $1.4 million and $1.6 million, respectively. Also, as of December 31, 2018, the Company had recorded tax abatement intangible assets, net of amortization, on real estate held for sale, which are included in assets related to real estate held for sale, net in the accompanying balance sheets, of $2.7 million. During each of the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded amortization expense of $0.2 million related to tax abatement intangible assets.
5.
REAL ESTATE EQUITY SECURITIES
As of March 31, 2019, the Company owned three investments in real estate equity securities. The following table sets forth the number of shares owned by the Company and the related carrying value of the shares as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands):
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Real Estate Equity Security
 
Number of Shares Owned
 
Total Carrying Value
 
Number of Shares Owned
 
Total Carrying Value
Whitestone REIT
 
95,160

 
$
1,144

 
1,781,894

 
$
21,846

Keppel-KBS US REIT
 
56,979,352

 
39,886

 
56,979,352

 
34,757

Franklin Street Properties Corp.
 
2,773,729

 
19,943

 
2,772,529

 
17,273

 
 
59,848,241

 
$
60,973

 
61,533,775

 
$
73,876

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company sold 1,686,734 shares of common stock of Whitestone REIT (NYSE Ticker: WSR) for an aggregate sale price of $24.1 million.
The following summarizes the portion of gain and loss for the period related to real estate equity securities held during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands): 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Net gain (loss) recognized during the period on real estate equity securities
 
$
11,165

 
$
(16,011
)
Less net gain recognized during the period on real estate equity securities sold during the period
 
(3,397
)
 
—

Unrealized gain (loss) recognized during the reporting period on real estate equity securities still held at the end of the period
 
$
7,768

 
$
(16,011
)
During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized $1.8 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of dividend income from real estate equity securities.

14
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

6.
REAL ESTATE DEBT SECURITIES
The information for real estate debt securities as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is set forth below (in thousands):
Debt Securities Name
 
Dates Acquired
 
Debt Securities Type
 
Outstanding Principal Balance as of
March 31, 2019
 
Book Value as of
March 31, 2019
 
Book Value as of
December 31, 2018
 
Contractual Interest Rate
 
Annualized Effective
Interest Rate
 
Maturity Date
Battery Point Series B Preferred Units (4)
 
10/28/2016 /
03/30/2017 /
05/12/2017
 
Series B Preferred Units
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
10,859

 
(1) 
 
(1) 
 
(1) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
10,859

 
 
 
 
 
 
_____________________
(1) On March 20, 2019, the Company, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, entered into a redemption agreement for the Battery Point Series B Preferred Units. The redemption agreement resulted in the redemption of 13,000 Series B Preferred Units with a per-unit price of $1,000. The Company received $8.6 million, of which $0.9 million relates to accrued interest and an exit fee. In addition, the Company received 210,000 shares of Battery Point Series A-3 Preferred Units with a per-unit price of $25. The Series A-3 Preferred Units were classified as an equity investment without a readily determinable fair value (see note 12 “Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures” for further information).
The following summarizes the activity related to real estate debt securities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 (in thousands): 
Real estate debt securities - December 31, 2018
 
$
10,859

Principal repayment of Series B Preferred Units
 
(7,750
)
Redemptions of Series B Preferred Units in exchange for Series A-3 Preferred Units
 
(2,992
)
Receipt of deferred interest receivable
 
(130
)
Deferred interest receivable
 
4

Accretion of commitment fee, net of closing costs
 
9

Real estate debt securities - March 31, 2019
 
$
—

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, interest income from real estate debt securities consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Contractual interest income
 
$
356

 
$
394

Interest accretion
 
4

 
96

Accretion of commitment fee, net of closing costs and acquisition fee
 
9

 
11

Interest income from real estate debt securities
 
$
369

 
$
501


15
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

7.
REAL ESTATE SALES
During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company disposed of one apartment property. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company disposed of one office building and one office/flex/industrial portfolio consisting of 21 buildings.
On November 12, 2013, the Company, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, and EE 424 Bedford OM, LLC entered into an agreement to form a joint venture (the “424 Bedford Joint Venture”), and on January 31, 2014, the 424 Bedford Joint Venture acquired an apartment building containing 66 units in Brooklyn, New York (“424 Bedford”). On January 11, 2019, the 424 Bedford Joint Venture sold 424 Bedford to a purchaser unaffiliated with the Company or the Advisor, for $43.8 million before closing costs and credits. The carrying value of 424 Bedford as of the disposition date was $34.0 million, which was net of $5.3 million of accumulated depreciation and amortization. The Company recognized a gain on sale of $7.6 million related to the disposition of 424 Bedford.
The following summary presents the major components of assets and liabilities related to real estate held for sale as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Assets related to real estate held for sale
 
 
 
Real estate, cost
$
—

 
$
34,793

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
—

 
(3,541
)
Real estate, net
—

 
31,252

Other assets
—

 
2,746

Total assets related to real estate held for sale
$
—

 
$
33,998

Liabilities related to real estate held for sale
 
 
 
Notes payable, net
—

 
22,845

Total liabilities related to real estate held for sale
$
—

 
$
22,845

The operations of these properties and gain on sales are included in continuing operations on the accompanying statements of operations. The following table summarizes certain revenue and expenses related to these properties for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Revenues
 
 
 
 
Rental income
 
$
121

 
$
5,221

Total revenues
 
$
121

 
$
5,221

Expenses
 
 
 
 
Operating, maintenance, and management
 
$
(83
)
 
$
1,118

Real estate taxes and insurance
 
(67
)
 
447

Asset management fees to affiliate
 
76

 
462

Depreciation and amortization
 
15

 
2,623

Interest expense
 
35

 
1,497

Total expenses
 
$
(24
)
 
$
6,147


16
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

8.
NOTES AND BONDS PAYABLE
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s notes and bonds payable, including notes payable related to real estate held for sale, consisted of the following (dollars in thousands):
 
Book Value as of
March 31, 2019
 
Book Value as of
December 31, 2018
 
Contractual Interest Rate as of March 31, 2019 (1)
 
Effective Interest Rate at
March 31, 2019 (1)
 
Payment Type
 
Maturity Date (2)
Richardson Portfolio Mortgage Loan
$
36,000

 
$
36,000

 
One-Month LIBOR + 2.50%
 
4.99%
 
Interest Only (3)
 
11/01/2021
Park Centre Mortgage Loan
8,035

 
8,404

 
One-Month LIBOR + 2.25%
 
4.74%
 
Principal & Interest
 
07/01/2019
Burbank Collection Mortgage Loan
10,656

 
10,716

 
One-Month LIBOR + 2.35%
 
4.85%
 
Principal & Interest
 
09/30/2019
1180 Raymond Mortgage Loan
30,542

 
30,637

 
One-Month LIBOR + 2.25%
 
4.74%
 
Principal & Interest
 
12/01/2019
1180 Raymond Bond Payable
6,230

 
6,280

 
6.50%
 
6.50%
 
Principal & Interest
 
09/01/2036
424 Bedford Mortgage Loan (4) 
—

 
23,710

 
(4) 
 
(4) 
 
(4) 
 
(4) 
KBS SOR (BVI) Holdings, Ltd. Series A Debentures (5)
213,630

 
259,516

 
4.25%
 
4.25%
 
(5) 
 
03/01/2023
Crown Pointe Mortgage Loan
51,171

 
51,171

 
One-Month LIBOR + 2.60%
 
5.09%
 
Interest Only
 
02/13/2020
125 John Carpenter Mortgage Loan
53,204

 
53,204

 
One-Month LIBOR + 1.75%
 
4.24%
 
Interest Only
 
10/01/2022
City Tower Mortgage Loan
89,000

 
89,000

 
One-Month LIBOR + 1.55%
 
4.04%
 
Interest Only
 
03/05/2021
The Marq Mortgage Loan
53,408

 
50,800

 
One-Month LIBOR + 1.55%
 
4.04%
 
Interest Only
 
06/06/2021
Eight & Nine Corporate Centre Mortgage Loan
43,880

 
43,880

 
One-Month LIBOR + 1.60%
 
4.09%
 
Interest Only
 
06/08/2021
Total Notes and Bonds Payable principal outstanding
595,756

 
663,318

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Premium/(Discount) on Notes and Bonds Payable (6)
862

 
198

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred financing costs, net
(7,010
)
 
(8,044
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Notes and Bonds Payable, net
$
589,608

 
$
655,472

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
_____________________
(1) Contractual interest rate represents the interest rate in effect under the loan as of March 31, 2019. Effective interest rate is calculated as the actual interest rate in effect as of March 31, 2019 (consisting of the contractual interest rate and contractual floor rates), using interest rate indices at March 31, 2019, where applicable.
(2) Represents the initial maturity date or the maturity date as extended as of March 31, 2019; subject to certain conditions, the maturity dates of certain loans may be extended beyond the date shown.
(3) Represents the payment type required under the loan as of March 31, 2019. Certain future monthly payments due under this loan also include amortizing principal payments. For more information of the Company’s contractual obligations under its notes and bonds payable, see five-year maturity table below.
(4) On January 11, 2019, in connection with the disposition of 424 Bedford, the buyer assumed the mortgage loan secured by 424 Bedford with an outstanding principal balance of $23.7 million at the time of the sale.
(5) See “ – Israeli Bond Financing” below.
(6) Represents the unamortized premium/discount on notes and bonds payable due to the above- and below-market interest rates when the debt was assumed. The discount/premium is amortized over the remaining life of the notes and bonds payable.
During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company incurred $7.2 million and $6.6 million, respectively, of interest expense. Included in interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $0.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively, of amortization of deferred financing costs. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 , the Company capitalized $0.7 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of interest related to its investments in undeveloped land.

17
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s interest payable was $2.3 million and $5.2 million, respectively.
The following is a schedule of maturities, including principal amortization payments, for all notes and bonds payable outstanding as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands):
April 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019
 
$
49,383

2020
 
104,932

2021
 
275,773

2022
 
106,851

2023
 
53,662

Thereafter
 
5,155

 
 
$
595,756

The Company’s notes payable contain financial debt covenants. As of March 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all of these debt covenants.
Israeli Bond Financing
On March 2, 2016, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, filed a final prospectus with the Israel Securities Authority for a proposed offering of up to 1,000,000,000 Israeli new Shekels of the Debentures at an annual interest rate not to exceed 4.25%. On March 1, 2016, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI commenced the institutional tender of the Debentures and accepted application for 842.5 million Israeli new Shekels. On March 7, 2016, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI commenced the public tender of the Debentures and accepted 127.7 million Israeli new Shekels.  In the aggregate, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI accepted 970.2 million Israeli new Shekels (approximately $249.2 million as of March 8, 2016) in both the institutional and public tenders at an annual interest rate of 4.25%.  KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI issued the Debentures on March 8, 2016. The terms of the Debentures require five equal annual installment principal payments on March 1st of each year from 2019 to 2023. On March 1, 2019, the Company paid the first principal installment payment of 194.0 million Israeli new Shekels (approximately $53.6 million as of March 1, 2019). As of March 31, 2019, the Company had one foreign currency collar for an aggregate notional amount of 776.2 million Israeli new Shekels to hedge its exposure to foreign currency exchange rate movements. See note 9, “Derivative Instruments” for a further discussion on the Company’s foreign currency collar.
The deed of trust that governs the terms of the Debentures contains various financial covenants. As of March 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all of these financial debt covenants.
9.
DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
The Company enters into derivative instruments for risk management purposes to hedge its exposure to cash flow variability caused by changing interest rates and foreign currency exchange rate movements. The primary goal of the Company’s risk management practices related to interest rate risk is to prevent changes in interest rates from adversely impacting the Company’s ability to achieve its investment return objectives. The Company does not enter into derivatives for speculative purposes.
The Company enters into foreign currency options and foreign currency collars to mitigate its exposure to foreign currency exchange rate movements on its bonds payable outstanding denominated in Israeli new Shekels. A foreign currency collar consists of a purchased call option to buy and a sold put option to sell Israeli new Shekels. A foreign currency collar guarantees that the exchange rate of the currency will not fluctuate beyond the range of the options’ strike prices. A foreign currency option consists of a call option to buy Israeli new Shekels.

18
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

The following table summarizes the notional amount and other information related to the Company’s foreign currency collar as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The notional amount is an indication of the extent of the Company’s involvement in each instrument at that time, but does not represent exposure to credit, interest rate or market risks (currency in thousands):
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Strike Price
 
Trade Date
 
Maturity Date
Derivative Instruments
 
Number of Instruments
 
Notional Amount
 
Number of Instruments
 
Notional Amount
 
 
 
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency collar
 
1
 
776,182
 ILS
 
—
 
—

 
3.49 - 3.62 ILS - USD
 
02/27/2019
 
08/23/2019
Foreign currency collar
 
—
 
—

 
1
 
776,182
 ILS
 
3.54 - 3.66 ILS - USD
 
08/20/2018
 
02/28/2019
The Company enters into interest rate caps to mitigate its exposure to rising interest rates on its variable rate notes payable. The values of interest rate caps are primarily impacted by interest rates, market expectations about interest rates, and the remaining life of the instrument. In general, increases in interest rates, or anticipated increases in interest rates, will increase the value of interest rate caps. As the remaining life of an interest rate cap decreases, the value of the instrument will generally decrease towards zero.
As of March 31, 2019, the Company had entered into two interest rate caps, which were not designated as a hedging instruments. The following table summarizes the notional amounts and other information related to the Company’s derivative instruments as of March 31, 2019. The notional amount is an indication of the extent of the Company’s involvement in the instrument at that time, but does not represent exposure to credit, interest rate or market risks (dollars in thousands):
Derivative Instrument
 
Effective Date
 
Maturity Date
 
Notional Value
 
Reference Rate
Interest rate cap
 
02/21/2017
 
02/13/2020
 
$
46,875

 
One-month LIBOR at 3.00%
Interest rate cap
 
04/02/2018
 
03/05/2021
 
$
77,513

 
One-month LIBOR at 3.50%
The following table sets forth the fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands):
 
 
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Derivative Instruments
 
Balance Sheet Location
 
Number of Instruments
 
Fair Value
 
Number of Instruments
 
Fair Value
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate caps
 
Prepaid expenses and other assets
 
2
 
$
4

 
2
 
$
34

Foreign currency collar
 
Other liabilities
 
1
 
$
(1,405
)
 
1
 
$
(4,393
)
The change in fair value of foreign currency options and collars that are not designated as cash flow hedges are recorded as foreign currency transaction gains or losses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recognized a $3.0 million gain related to the foreign currency collars, which is shown net against $5.8 million of foreign currency transaction loss in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations as foreign currency transaction loss, net. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recognized a $2.0 million loss related to a foreign currency option, which is shown net against $1.0 million of foreign currency transaction gain in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations as foreign currency transaction loss, net.

19
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded an unrealized loss of $30,000 on interest rate caps, which was included in interest expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recorded an unrealized gain of $31,000 on interest rate caps, which was included as an offset to interest expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
10.
FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES
Under GAAP, the Company is required to measure certain financial instruments at fair value on a recurring basis. In addition, the Company is required to measure other non-financial and financial assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis (e.g., carrying value of impaired real estate loans receivable and long-lived assets). Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The GAAP fair value framework uses a three-tiered approach. Fair value measurements are classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:
•
Level 1: unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities;
•
Level 2: quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and
•
Level 3: prices or valuation techniques where little or no market data is available that requires inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.
The fair value for certain financial instruments is derived using valuation techniques that involve significant management judgment. The price transparency of financial instruments is a key determinant of the degree of judgment involved in determining the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments. Financial instruments for which actively quoted prices or pricing parameters are available and for which markets contain orderly transactions will generally have a higher degree of price transparency than financial instruments for which markets are inactive or consist of non-orderly trades. The Company evaluates several factors when determining if a market is inactive or when market transactions are not orderly. The following is a summary of the methods and assumptions used by management in estimating the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate the fair value:
Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, rent and other receivables and accounts payable and accrued liabilities: These balances approximate their fair values due to the short maturities of these items.
Real estate equity securities: The Company’s real estate equity securities are presented at fair value on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The fair values of the real estate equity securities were based on quoted prices in an active market on a major stock exchange. The Company classifies these inputs as Level 1 inputs.
Real estate debt securities: The Company’s real estate debt securities are presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at their amortized cost net of recorded loss reserves (if any) and not at fair value.  The fair value of real estate debt securities was estimated using an internal valuation model that considers the expected cash flows for the debt securities, underlying collateral values (for collateral dependent securities) and estimated yield requirements of institutional investors for real estate debt securities with similar characteristics, including remaining term, type of collateral and other credit enhancements.  The Company classifies these inputs as Level 3 inputs.

20
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Notes and bonds payable: The fair values of the Company’s notes and bonds payable are estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis based on management’s estimates of current market interest rates for instruments with similar characteristics, including remaining loan term, loan-to-value ratio, type of collateral and other credit enhancements. Additionally, when determining the fair value of liabilities in circumstances in which a quoted price in an active market for an identical liability is not available, the Company measures fair value using (i) a valuation technique that uses the quoted price of the identical liability when traded as an asset or quoted prices for similar liabilities or similar liabilities when traded as assets or (ii) another valuation technique that is consistent with the principles of fair value measurement, such as the income approach or the market approach. The Company classifies these inputs as Level 3 inputs. The Company’s bonds issued in Israel are publicly traded on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange. The Company used the quoted price as of March 31, 2019 for the fair value of its bonds issued in Israel. The Company classifies this input as a Level 1 input.
Derivative instruments: The Company’s derivative instruments are presented at fair value on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.  The valuation of these instruments is determined using a proprietary model that utilizes observable inputs.  As such, the Company classifies these inputs as Level 2 inputs. The fair value of interest rate caps (floors) are determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash payments (receipts) which would occur if variable interest rates rise above (below) the strike rate of the caps (floors). The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected payments (receipts) on the cap (floor) are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observed market interest rate curves and volatilities. The fair value of foreign currency option and collar is based on a Black-Scholes model tailored for currency derivatives.
The following were the face values, carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, which carrying amounts do not approximate the fair values (in thousands):
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Face Value
 
Carrying Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Face Value
 
Carrying Amount
 
Fair Value
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate debt securities (1)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
13,000

 
$
10,859

 
$
10,859

Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes and bond payable
 
$
382,126

 
$
380,029

 
$
385,153

 
$
403,802

 
$
400,470

 
$
407,449

KBS SOR (BVI) Holdings, Ltd. Series A Debentures
 
$
213,630

 
$
209,579

 
$
213,301

 
$
259,516

 
$
255,002

 
$
255,814

_____________________
(1) Carrying amount of real estate debt securities includes other-than-temporary impairment.
Disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments is based on pertinent information available to the Company as of the period end and requires a significant amount of judgment. This has made the estimation of fair values difficult and, therefore, both the actual results and the Company’s estimate of value at a future date could be materially different.
As of March 31, 2019, the Company measured the following assets at fair value (in thousands):
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
Total
 
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Recurring Basis:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate equity securities
 
$
60,973

 
$
60,973

 
$
—

 
$
—

Asset derivative - interest rate caps
 
$
4

 
$
—

 
$
4

 
$
—

Liability derivative - foreign currency collar
 
$
(1,405
)
 
$
—

 
$
(1,405
)
 
$
—


21
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

11.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Advisory Agreement entitles the Advisor to specified fees upon the provision of certain services with regard to the investment of funds in real estate and real estate-related investments and the disposition of real estate and real estate-related investments (including the discounted payoff of non-performing loans) among other services, as well as reimbursement of certain costs incurred by the Advisor in providing services to the Company. The Advisory Agreement may also entitle the Advisor to certain back-end cash flow participation fees. The Company also entered into a fee reimbursement agreement (the “AIP Reimbursement Agreement”) with KBS Capital Markets Group LLC, the dealer manager for the Company’s initial public offering (the “Dealer Manager”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to reimburse the Dealer Manager for certain fees and expenses it incurs for administering the Company’s participation in the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation Alternative Investment Product Platform with respect to certain accounts of the Company’s investors serviced through the platform. The Advisor and Dealer Manager also serve as, or previously served as, the advisor and dealer manager, respectively, for KBS Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. (“KBS REIT I”), KBS Real Estate Investment Trust II, Inc. (“KBS REIT II”), KBS Real Estate Investment Trust III, Inc. (“KBS REIT III”), KBS Legacy Partners Apartment REIT, Inc. (“KBS Legacy Partners Apartment REIT”), KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT II, Inc. (“KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT II”) and KBS Growth & Income REIT, Inc. (“KBS Growth & Income REIT”).
On January 6, 2014, the Company, together with KBS REIT I, KBS REIT II, KBS REIT III, KBS Legacy Partners Apartment REIT, KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT II, the Dealer Manager, the Advisor and other KBS-affiliated entities, entered into an errors and omissions and directors and officers liability insurance program where the lower tiers of such insurance coverage are shared. The cost of these lower tiers is allocated by the Advisor and its insurance broker among each of the various entities covered by the program, and is billed directly to each entity. In June 2015, KBS Growth & Income REIT was added to the insurance program at terms similar to those described above. KBS REIT I elected to cease participation in the program at the June 2017 renewal and obtained separate insurance coverage. At renewal in June 2018, the Company, KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT II and KBS Legacy Partners Apartment REIT elected to cease participation in the program and obtain separate insurance coverage. The Company, together with KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT II, entered into an errors and omissions and directors and officers liability insurance program where the lower tiers of such insurance coverage are shared. The cost of these lower tiers is allocated by the Advisor and its insurance broker among each REIT covered by the program, and is billed directly to each REIT. The program is effective through June 30, 2019.
During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, no other business transactions occurred between the Company and these other KBS-sponsored programs.
Pursuant to the terms of these agreements, summarized below are the related-party costs incurred by the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and any related amounts payable as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
 
Incurred
 
Payable as of
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
Expensed
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset management fees
$
1,891

 
$
1,825

 
$
—

 
$
—

Reimbursable operating expenses (1)
89

 
83

 
82

 
29

Disposition fees (2)
394

 
—

 
—

 
—

Capitalized
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisition fees on real estate
—

 
2,360

 
—

 
—

Acquisition fees on real estate equity securities
—

 
148

 
—

 
7

 
$
2,374

 
$
4,416

 
$
82

 
$
36


22
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

_____________________
(1) The Advisor may seek reimbursement for certain employee costs under the Advisory Agreement. The Company has reimbursed the Advisor for the Company’s allocable portion of the salaries, benefits and overhead of internal audit department personnel providing services to the Company. These amounts totaled $71,000 and $83,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and were the only employee costs reimbursed under the Advisory Agreement during these periods. The Company will not reimburse for employee costs in connection with services for which the Advisor earns acquisition, origination or disposition fees (other than reimbursement of travel and communication expenses) or for the salaries or benefits the Advisor or its affiliates may pay to the Company’s executive officers. In addition to the amounts above, the Company reimburses the Advisor for certain of the Company’s direct costs incurred from third parties that were initially paid by the Advisor on behalf of the Company.
(2) Disposition fees with respect to real estate sold are included in the gain on sale of real estate in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
On November 8, 2017, the Company sold 11 of its properties to various subsidiaries of Keppel-KBS US REIT (the “SREIT”). On November 30, 2018, the Company sold a portfolio of 21 office/flex/industrial buildings to the SREIT. The SREIT is externally managed by a joint venture (the “Manager”) between (i) an entity in which Keith D. Hall, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and a director, and Peter McMillan III, the Company’s President and Chairman of the board of directors, have an indirect ownership interest and (ii) Keppel Capital Holding Pte. Ltd., which is not affiliated with the Company. The SREIT is expected to pay certain purchase and sale commissions and asset management fees to the Manager in exchange for the provision of certain management services.
On March 20, 2019, Pacific Oak Battery Point Holdings, LLC, a real estate asset management company formed in 2019, and its family of companies (collectively, “Pacific Oak”), acquired all the common equity interests in BPT Holdings, LLC (“Battery Point Holdings”). Battery Point Holdings owns (a) the common stock in Battery Point Trust, Inc. (“Battery Point”), (b) all the service entities that provide advisory, servicing and property management services to Battery Point Holdings generally named “DayMark”, and (c) 40% of additional DayMark entities that purchase, renovate, lease and sell single-family residential homes to Battery Point. As owner of Battery Point Holdings, Pacific Oak will be responsible for funding the ongoing operations of Battery Point Holdings and its subsidiaries. The affiliated DayMark service entities will be paid annual asset management fees equal to 1.5% of the gross asset value of Battery Point, annual property management fees equal to 8% of tenants’ rents received by Battery Point, and acquisition fees of 1% of the gross purchase price of properties acquired. The affiliated DayMark service entities will also receive fees from tenants upon execution of leases and a 1% commission from sellers of properties into the program, if it acts as the broker for the seller.
Pacific Oak is a group of companies founded and owned by Keith D. Hall, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and a director, and Peter McMillan III, the Company’s President and Chairman of the Board of Directors. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had 210,000 shares of Battery Point Series A-3 Preferred Units with a per-unit price of $25.
12.
INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED JOINT VENTURES
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s investments in unconsolidated joint ventures were composed of the following (dollars in thousands):
 
 
Number of Properties at March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
Investment Balance at
Joint Venture
 
 
Location
 
Ownership %
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
NIP Joint Venture
 
2
 
Various
 
Less than 5.0%
 
$
1,476

 
$
1,476

110 William Joint Venture
 
1
 
New York, New York
 
60.0%
 
—

 
325

353 Sacramento Joint Venture
 
1
 
San Francisco, California
 
55.0%
 
42,905

 
43,068

Battery Point Series A-3 Preferred Units
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
N/A
 
2,992

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
47,373

 
$
44,869


23
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Investment in National Industrial Portfolio Joint Venture
On May 18, 2012, the Company, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, entered into a joint venture (the “NIP Joint Venture”) with OCM NIP JV Holdings, L.P. and HC KBS NIP JV, LLC (“HC-KBS”). The NIP Joint Venture has invested in a portfolio of industrial properties. The Company made an initial capital contribution of $8.0 million, which represents less than a 5.0% ownership interest in the NIP Joint Venture as of March 31, 2019.
Prior to January 17, 2018, KBS REIT I, an affiliate of the Advisor, was a member of HC-KBS and had a participation interest in certain future potential profits generated by the NIP Joint Venture.  However, KBS REIT I did not have any equity interest in the NIP Joint Venture. On January 17, 2018, KBS REIT I assigned its participation interest in the NIP Joint Venture to one of the other joint venture partners in the NIP Joint Venture. None of the other joint venture partners are affiliated with the Company or the Advisor.
During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company did not receive any distributions related to its investment in the NIP Joint Venture. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company received a distribution of $0.4 million related to its investment in the NIP Joint Venture. The Company recognized $0.1 million of income distributions and $0.3 million of return of capital from the NIP Joint Venture.
Investment in 110 William Joint Venture
On December 23, 2013, the Company, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, entered into an agreement with SREF III 110 William JV, LLC (the “110 William JV Partner”) to form a joint venture (the “110 William Joint Venture”). On May 2, 2014, the 110 William Joint Venture acquired an office property containing 928,157 rentable square feet located on approximately 0.8 acres of land in New York, New York (“110 William Street”). Each of the Company and the 110 William JV Partner hold a 60% and 40% ownership interest in the 110 William Joint Venture, respectively.
The Company exercises significant influence over the operations, financial policies and decision making with respect to the 110 William Joint Venture but significant decisions require approval from both members. Accordingly, the Company has accounted for its investment in the 110 William Joint Venture under the equity method of accounting. Income, losses, contributions and distributions are generally allocated based on the members’ respective equity interests.
As of December 31, 2018, the book value of the Company’s investment in the 110 William Joint Venture was $0.3 million, which includes $1.4 million of unamortized acquisition fees and expenses incurred directly by the Company. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recorded $1.5 million equity in loss from the 110 William Joint Venture. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company did not receive any distributions related to its investment in the 110 William Joint Venture.
As of March 31, 2019, the book value of the Company’s investment in the 110 William Joint Venture was $0. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded $7.5 million equity in income from the 110 William Joint Venture, which includes a $7.8 million gain related to a distribution received, net of the Company’s share of net losses of $0.3 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the 110 William Joint Venture made a $7.8 million distribution to the Company and a $5.2 million distribution to the 110 William JV Partner funded with proceeds from the 110 William refinancing (discussed below). The distribution exceeded the book value of the Company’s investment in the 110 William Joint Venture, and the Company recorded the $7.8 million distribution as a gain included in equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures during the three months ended March 31, 2019. This gain was recorded because the Company determined that the distribution is not refundable and it does not have an implicit or explicit commitment to fund the 110 William Joint Venture. The Company will suspend the equity method of accounting and will not record the Company's share of losses and will not record the Company's share of any subsequent income for the 110 William Joint Venture until the Company’s share of net income exceeds the gain recorded and the Company’s share of the net losses not recognized during the period the equity method was suspended.

24
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Summarized financial information for the 110 William Joint Venture follows (in thousands):
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Assets:
 
 
 
 
       Real estate assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization
 
$
239,748

 
$
235,613

       Other assets
 
28,379

 
37,337

       Total assets
 
$
268,127

 
$
272,950

Liabilities and equity:
 
 
 
 
       Notes payable, net
 
$
276,215

 
$
267,311

       Other liabilities
 
9,616

 
7,485

       Partners’ deficit
 
(17,704
)
 
(1,846
)
Total liabilities and equity
 
$
268,127

 
$
272,950

 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Revenues
 
$
8,259

 
$
9,809

Expenses:
 
 
 
 
       Operating, maintenance, and management
 
2,171

 
2,466

       Real estate taxes and insurance
 
1,706

 
1,635

       Depreciation and amortization
 
2,665

 
4,219

       Interest expense
 
4,608

 
4,117

Total expenses
 
11,150

 
12,437

Total other income
 
33

 
13

Net loss
 
$
(2,858
)
 
$
(2,615
)
Company’s share of net loss (1)
 
$
(1,715
)
 
$
(1,569
)
_____________________
(1) During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded a $0.3 million of net losses in equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures and suspended the recording of the Company’s remaining share of net losses.
110 William Street Refinancing
On March 7, 2019, the 110 William Joint Venture closed on refinancing of the 110 William Street existing loans (the “Refinancing”). The 110 William Joint Venture repaid $268.0 million of principal related to the existing 110 William Street loans. The Refinancing is comprised of a mortgage loan with Invesco CMI Investments, L.P., an unaffiliated lender, for borrowings of up to $261.4 million, which is secured by 110 William Street (the “110 William Street Mortgage Loan”) and a mezzanine loan with Invesco CMI Investments, L.P., an unaffiliated lender, for borrowings of up to $87.1 million (the “110 William Street Mezzanine Loan”). The 110 William Street Mortgage Loan is comprised of a senior mortgage loan of $215.5 million (the “Senior Mortgage Loan”) and an amended and restated building loan of $45.9 million (the “Building Loan”) to be use for future tenant improvements, leasing commissions and capital expenditures.
The 110 William Street Mortgage Loan and the 110 William Street Mezzanine Loan mature on April 9, 2021, with three one-year extension options. The 110 William Street Mortgage Loan bears interest at a rate of the greater of (a) 3.5% or (b) 150 basis points over one-month LIBOR. The 110 William Street Mezzanine Loan bears interest at a rate of the greater of (a) 6.9% or (b) 490 basis points over one-month LIBOR. The 110 William Joint Venture entered into an interest rate cap that effectively limits one-month LIBOR at 3.75% on $348.5 million, effective March 7, 2019 through March 15, 2021. The 110 William Street Mortgage Loan and the 110 William Street Mezzanine Loan have monthly payments that are interest-only with the entire unpaid principal balance and all outstanding interest and fees due at maturity. The 110 William Joint Venture has the right to prepay the loans at any time in whole, but not in part, subject to a prepayment fee if prepaid prior to May 9, 2020 and subject to certain other conditions contained in the loan documents. At closing, $210.8 million of the Senior Mortgage Loan and $70.3 million of the 110 William Street Mezzanine Loan was funded with $4.7 million of the Senior Mortgage Loan, $45.9 million of the Building Loan and $16.8 million of the 110 William Street Mezzanine Loan available for future funding, subject to certain terms and conditions contained in the loan documents.

25
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Investment in 353 Sacramento Joint Venture
On July 6, 2017, the Company, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, entered into an agreement with the Migdal Members to form a joint venture (the “353 Sacramento Joint Venture”). On July 6, 2017, the Company sold a 45% equity interest in an entity that owns an office building containing 284,751 rentable square feet located on approximately 0.35 acres of land in San Francisco, California (“353 Sacramento”) to the Migdal Members. The sale resulted in 353 Sacramento being owned by the 353 Sacramento Joint Venture, in which the Company indirectly owns 55% of the equity interests and the Migdal Members indirectly own 45% in the aggregate of the equity interests.
The Company exercises significant influence over the operations, financial policies and decision making with respect to the 353 Sacramento Joint Venture but significant decisions require approval from both members. Accordingly, the Company has accounted for its investment in the 353 Sacramento Joint Venture under the equity method of accounting. Income, losses, contributions and distributions are generally allocated based on the members’ respective equity interests.
During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not receive any distributions related to its investment in the 353 Sacramento Joint Venture.
Summarized financial information for the 353 Sacramento Joint Venture follows (in thousands):
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Assets:
 
 
 
 
       Real estate assets, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization
 
$
180,168

 
$
180,852

       Other assets
 
12,520

 
13,123

       Total assets
 
$
192,688

 
$
193,975

Liabilities and equity:
 
 
 
 
       Notes payable, net
 
$
108,810

 
$
105,593

       Other liabilities
 
6,719

 
10,863

       Partners’ capital
 
77,159

 
77,519

Total liabilities and equity
 
$
192,688

 
$
193,975

 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Revenues
 
$
4,157

 
$
2,669

Expenses:
 
 
 
 
       Operating, maintenance, and management
 
831

 
878

       Real estate taxes and insurance
 
700

 
612

       Depreciation and amortization
 
1,567

 
1,450

       Interest expense
 
1,419

 
1,239

Total expenses
 
4,517

 
4,179

Net loss
 
(360
)
 
(1,510
)
Company’s equity in loss of unconsolidated joint venture
 
$
(163
)
 
$
(798
)

26
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Battery Point Series A-3 Preferred Units
Beginning October 28, 2016, the Company invested in Battery Point Series B Preferred Units which were classified as real estate debt securities on the Company’s accompanying balance sheets (see note 6 “Real Estate Debt Securities” for further information).  On March 20, 2019, the Company, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, entered into a redemption agreement for the Battery Point Series B Preferred Units. The redemption agreement resulted in the redemption of the Company’s entire investment of 13,000 Series B Preferred Units with a per-unit price of $1,000 with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $13 million. The Company received a principal paydown of $7.7 million plus accrued interest and an exit fee.  In addition, the Company received 210,000 shares of Battery Point Series A-3 Preferred Units with a per-unit price of $25 with an aggregate face amount of $5.3 million. The Battery Point Series A-3 Preferred Units are entitled to a monthly dividend based on an annual rate of 7.5%. The annual dividend rate increases to 10% for the Battery Point Series A-3 Preferred Units not redeemed by February 28, 2020 and to 11% for the Battery Point Series A-3 Preferred Units not redeemed by February 28, 2021. On each monthly dividend payment date, Battery Point has the obligation to use 20% of the net proceeds of any and all future equity capital raising to redeem the Series A-3 Preferred Units. The Battery Point Series A-3 Preferred Units are redeemable at any time by Battery Point and holders of Series A-3 Preferred Shares may elect to redeem their units beginning on February 28, 2021, subject to Battery Point’s board of directors’ determination that the company has sufficient cash.
The Company does not have a unilateral right to redeem the Battery Point Series A-3 Preferred Units on a stated redemption date, therefore the Company classified the Series A-3 Preferred Units as an equity investment without a readily determinable fair value.  In accordance with FASB ASC 321, Investments - Equity Securities, the Company may elect to measure an equity investment without a readily determinable value that does not qualify for the practical expedient to estimate fair value using the net asset value per share, at its cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.  The Company elected to measure its investment in the Battery Point Series A-3 Preferred Units in accordance with the above accounting guidance and recorded its investment in the Battery Point Series A-3 Preferred Units as of March 31, 2019, at a carrying value of $3.0 million. 
13.
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW AND SIGNIFICANT NONCASH TRANSACTION DISCLOSURES
Supplemental cash flow and significant noncash transaction disclosures were as follows (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
 
 
 
 
Interest paid, net of capitalized interest of $694 and $650 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively
 
$
9,127

 
$
8,460

Supplemental Disclosure of Significant Noncash Transactions:
 
 
 
 
Accrued improvements to real estate
 
5,108

 
6,019

Mortgage loan assumed by buyer in connection with sale of real estate
 
23,663

 
—

Redeemable common stock payable
 
7,742

 
—

Distributions paid to common stockholders through common stock issuances pursuant to the dividend reinvestment plan
 
286

 
479

Distributions paid to common stockholders through common stock issuances pursuant to the December 2017 special dividend
 
—

 
150,299

Redemption of Series B Preferred Units in exchange for Series A-3 Preferred Units
 
2,992

 
—


27
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

14.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Economic Dependency
The Company is dependent on the Advisor for certain services that are essential to the Company, including the identification, evaluation, negotiation, origination, acquisition and disposition of investments; management of the daily operations of the Company’s investment portfolio; and other general and administrative responsibilities. In the event that the Advisor is unable to provide these services, the Company will be required to obtain such services from other sources.
Environmental
As an owner of real estate, the Company is subject to various environmental laws of federal, state and local governments. Although there can be no assurance, the Company is not aware of any environmental liability that could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations as of March 31, 2019. However, changes in applicable environmental laws and regulations, the uses and conditions of properties in the vicinity of the Company’s properties, the activities of its tenants and other environmental conditions of which the Company is unaware with respect to the properties could result in future environmental liabilities.
Legal Matters
From time to time, the Company is a party to legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Management is not aware of any legal proceedings of which the outcome is probable or reasonably possible to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition, which would require accrual or disclosure of the contingency and the possible range of loss. Additionally, the Company has not recorded any loss contingencies related to legal proceedings in which the potential loss is deemed to be remote.
Participation Fee Liability
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement currently in effect with the Advisor, the Advisor is due a subordinated participation in the Company’s net cash flows (the “Incentive Fee”) if, after the stockholders have received, together as a collective group, aggregate distributions (including distributions that may constitute a return of capital for federal income tax purposes) sufficient to provide (i) a return of their net invested capital, or the amount calculated by multiplying the total number of shares purchased by stockholders by the issue price, reduced by any amounts to repurchase shares pursuant to the share redemption program, and (ii) a 7.0% per year cumulative, noncompounded return on such net invested capital, the Advisor is entitled to receive 15.0% of the Company’s net cash flows, whether from continuing operations, net sale proceeds or otherwise. Net sales proceeds means the net cash proceeds realized by the Company after deduction of all expenses incurred in connection with a sale, including disposition fees paid to the Advisor. The 7.0% per year cumulative, noncompounded return on net invested capital is calculated on a daily basis. In making this calculation, the net invested capital is reduced to the extent distributions in excess of a cumulative, noncompounded, annual return of 7.0% are paid (from whatever source), except to the extent such distributions would be required to supplement prior distributions paid in order to achieve a cumulative, noncompounded, annual return of 7.0% (invested capital is only reduced as described in this sentence; it is not reduced simply because a distribution constitutes a return of capital for federal income tax purposes). The 7.0% per year cumulative, noncompounded return is not based on the return provided to any individual stockholder. Accordingly, it is not necessary for each of the stockholders to have received any minimum return in order for the Advisor to participate in the Company’s net cash flows. In fact, if the Advisor is entitled to participate in the Company’s net cash flows, the returns of the stockholders will differ, and some may be less than a 7.0% per year cumulative, noncompounded return. This fee is payable only if we are not listed on an exchange.

28
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 1.
Financial Statements (continued)
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

On April 4, 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the acceleration of the payment of such incentive compensation, subject to certain conditions. Such accelerated payment would require approval by a special committee of the Company’s board of directors in connection with the anticipated conversion of the Company into a net asset value REIT. The Advisor estimated the fair value of this liability to be as much as $43 million as of March 31, 2019, based on a hypothetical liquidation of the assets and liabilities at their estimated fair values, after considering the impact of any potential closing costs and fees related to the disposition of real estate properties. The fair value of the Incentive Fee liability as of March 31, 2019 is based on the estimated fair values of the Company’s assets and liabilities as of that date and changes to the fair values of assets and liabilities could have a material impact to the Incentive Fee calculation. The Incentive Fee is not currently payable to the Advisor, as it remains subject to further approval by the special committee and the Company’s conversion to a perpetual-life NAV REIT, and there is no guarantee that it will ever be payable.
15.
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company evaluates subsequent events up until the date the consolidated financial statements are issued.
Probable Real Estate Acquisition
Georgia 400 Center
On May 1, 2019, the Company, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary (the “Buyer”), entered into a purchase and sale agreement to purchase an office property consisting of three buildings containing an aggregate of 416,463 rentable square feet located on an aggregate of 24.4 acres of land in Alpharetta, Georgia (“Georgia 400 Center”). On April 12, 2019, the Advisor entered into a purchase and sale agreement to purchase Georgia 400 Center and on May 1, 2019, the Advisor subsequently assigned the purchase and sale agreement, as amended, to the Buyer for $1.0 million, which is the amount of the initial deposit paid by the Advisor. The seller is not affiliated with the Company or the Advisor.
Pursuant to the purchase and sale agreement, the Company would be obligated to purchase the property only after satisfactory completion of agreed upon closing conditions. There can be no assurance that the Company will complete the acquisition. In some circumstances, if the Company fails to complete the acquisition, it may forfeit up to $3.0 million of earnest money. The contractual purchase price of Georgia 400 Center is $91.0 million plus closing costs. Georgia 400 Center was built between 1998 and 2001 and is currently 85% leased to 31 tenants.
Distribution Declared
On May 13, 2019, the Company’s board of directors authorized a distribution in the amount of $0.00860000 per share of common stock to stockholders of record as of the close of business on June 14, 2019. The Company expects to pay this distribution on or about June 19, 2019.

29
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying financial statements of KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT, Inc. and the notes thereto. As used herein, the terms “we,” “our” and “us” refer to KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and, as required by context, KBS Strategic Opportunity Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership, which we refer to as the “Operating Partnership,” and to their subsidiaries.
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements. Those statements include statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectations of KBS Strategic Opportunity REIT, Inc. and members of our management team, as well as the assumptions on which such statements are based, and generally are identified by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “seeks,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “should” or similar expressions. Actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements. Further, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes to future operating results over time, unless required by law.
The following are some of the risks and uncertainties, although not all of the risks and uncertainties, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those presented in our forward-looking statements:
•
We depend on tenants for our revenue and, accordingly, our revenue is dependent upon the success and economic viability of our tenants. Revenues from our property investments could decrease due to a reduction in tenants (caused by factors including, but not limited to, tenant defaults, tenant insolvency, early termination of tenant leases and non-renewal of existing tenant leases) and/or lower rental rates, limiting our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
•
Our opportunistic investment strategy involves a higher risk of loss than would a strategy of investing in some other types of real estate and real estate-related investments.
•
We have paid distributions from financings and in the future we may not pay distributions solely from our cash flow from operations or gains from asset sales. To the extent that we pay distributions from sources other than our cash flow from operations or gains from asset sales, we will have less funds available for investment in loans, properties and other assets, the overall return to our stockholders may be reduced and subsequent investors may experience dilution.
•
All of our executive officers and some of our directors and other key real estate and debt finance professionals are also officers, directors, managers, key professionals and/or holders of a direct or indirect controlling interest in our advisor, our dealer manager and other KBS-affiliated entities. As a result, they face conflicts of interest, including significant conflicts created by our advisor’s compensation arrangements with us and other KBS-advised programs and investors and conflicts in allocating time among us and these other programs and investors. These conflicts could result in unanticipated actions. Fees paid to our advisor in connection with transactions involving the origination, acquisition and management of our investments are based on the cost of the investment, not on the quality of the investment or services rendered to us. This arrangement could influence our advisor to recommend riskier transactions to us.
•
We pay substantial fees to and expenses of our advisor and its affiliates. These payments increase the risk that our stockholders will not earn a profit on their investment in us and increase our stockholders’ risk of loss.
•
We cannot predict with any certainty how much, if any, of our dividend reinvestment plan proceeds will be available for general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to, the redemption of shares under our share redemption program, future funding obligations under any real estate loans receivable we acquire, the funding of capital expenditures on our real estate investments or the repayment of debt. If such funds are not available from the dividend reinvestment plan offering, then we may have to use a greater proportion of our cash flow from operations to meet these cash requirements, which would reduce cash available for distributions and could limit our ability to redeem shares under our share redemption program.
•
We have focused, and may continue to focus, our investments in non-performing real estate and real estate-related loans, real estate-related loans secured by non-stabilized assets and real estate-related securities, which involve more risk than investments in performing real estate and real estate-related assets
All forward-looking statements should be read in light of the risks identified in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

30
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

Overview
We were formed on October 8, 2008 as a Maryland corporation, elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) beginning with the taxable year ended December 31, 2010 and intend to operate in such manner. KBS Capital Advisors LLC (“KBS Capital Advisors”) is our advisor. As our advisor, KBS Capital Advisors manages our day-to-day operations and our portfolio of investments. KBS Capital Advisors also has the authority to make all of the decisions regarding our investments, subject to the limitations in our charter and the direction and oversight of our board of directors. KBS Capital Advisors also provides asset-management, marketing, investor-relations and other administrative services on our behalf. We have sought to invest in and manage a diverse portfolio of real estate‑related loans, opportunistic real estate, real estate-related debt securities and other real estate-related investments. We conduct our business primarily through our operating partnership, of which we are the sole general partner.
On January 8, 2009, we filed a registration statement on Form S-11 with the SEC to offer a minimum of 250,000 shares and a maximum of 140,000,000 shares of common stock for sale to the public, of which 100,000,000 shares were registered in our primary offering and 40,000,000 shares were registered under our dividend reinvestment plan. We ceased offering shares of common stock in our primary offering on November 14, 2012. We sold 56,584,976 shares of common stock in the primary offering for gross offering proceeds of $561.7 million. We continue to offer shares of common stock under the dividend reinvestment plan. As of March 31, 2019, we had sold 6,772,410 shares of common stock under the dividend reinvestment plan for gross offering proceeds of $75.7 million. Also as of March 31, 2019, we had redeemed 23,045,646 of the shares sold in our offering for $277.9 million. As of March 31, 2019, we had issued 25,976,746 shares of common stock in connection with special dividends. Additionally, on December 29, 2011 and October 23, 2012, we issued 220,994 shares and 55,249 shares of common stock, respectively, for $2.0 million and $0.5 million, respectively, in private transactions exempt from the registration requirements pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
On March 2, 2016, KBS Strategic Opportunity (BVI) Holdings, Ltd. (“KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI”), our wholly owned subsidiary, filed a final prospectus with the Israel Securities Authority for a proposed offering of up to 1,000,000,000 Israeli new Shekels of Series A debentures (the “Debentures”) at an annual interest rate not to exceed 4.25%. On March 1, 2016, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI commenced the institutional tender of the Debentures and accepted application for 842.5 million Israeli new Shekels. On March 7, 2016, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI commenced the public tender of the Debentures and accepted 127.7 million Israeli new Shekels.  In the aggregate, KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI accepted 970.2 million Israeli new Shekels (approximately $249.2 million as of March 8, 2016) in both the institutional and public tenders at an annual interest rate of 4.25%.  KBS Strategic Opportunity BVI issued the Debentures on March 8, 2016. The terms of the Debentures require five equal principal installment payments annually on March 1st of each year from 2019 to 2023.
As of March 31, 2019, we consolidated six office properties, one office portfolio consisting of four office buildings and 14 acres of undeveloped land, one retail property, one apartment property and three investments in undeveloped land with approximately 1,000 developable acres and owned four investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and three investments in real estate equity securities.
Market Outlook – Real Estate and Real Estate Finance Markets
Volatility in global financial markets and changing political environments can cause fluctuations  in the performance of the U.S. commercial real estate markets.  Possible future declines in rental rates, slower or potentially negative net absorption of leased space and expectations of future rental concessions, including free rent to renew tenants early, to retain tenants who are up for renewal or to attract new tenants, may result in decreases in cash flows from investment properties. To the extent there are increases in the cost of financing due to higher interest rates, this may cause difficulty in refinancing debt obligations at terms as favorable as the terms of existing indebtedness. Further, increases in interest rates would increase the amount of our debt payments on our variable rate debt to the extent the interest rates on such debt are not limited by interest rate caps. Market conditions can change quickly, potentially negatively impacting the value of real estate investments. Management continuously reviews our investment and debt financing strategies to optimize our portfolio and the cost of our debt exposure.

31
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal demand for funds during the short and long-term is and will be for the acquisition of real estate and real estate-related investments, payment of operating expenses, capital expenditures and general and administrative expenses, payments under debt obligations, redemptions and purchases of our common stock and payments of distributions to stockholders. To date, we have had six primary sources of capital for meeting our cash requirements:
•
Proceeds from the primary portion of our initial public offering; 
•
Proceeds from our dividend reinvestment plan;
•
Proceeds from our public bond offering in Israel;
•
Debt financing;
•
Proceeds from the sale of real estate and the repayment of real estate-related investments; and
•
Cash flow generated by our real estate and real estate-related investments. 
We sold 56,584,976 shares of common stock in the primary portion of our initial public offering for gross offering proceeds of $561.7 million. We ceased offering shares in the primary portion of our initial public offering on November 14, 2012. We continue to offer shares of common stock under the dividend reinvestment plan. As of March 31, 2019, we had sold 6,772,410 shares of common stock under the dividend reinvestment plan for gross offering proceeds of $75.7 million. To date, we have invested all of the net proceeds from our initial public offering in real estate and real estate-related investments. We intend to use our cash on hand, proceeds from asset sales, proceeds from debt financing, cash flow generated by our real estate operations and real estate-related investments and proceeds from our dividend reinvestment plan as our primary sources of immediate and long-term liquidity.
Our investments in real estate generate cash flow in the form of rental revenues and tenant reimbursements, which are reduced by operating expenditures and corporate general and administrative expenses.  Cash flow from operations from our real estate investments is primarily dependent upon the occupancy levels of our properties, the net effective rental rates on our leases, the collectibility of rent and operating recoveries from our tenants and how well we manage our expenditures.  As of March 31, 2019, our office and retail properties were collectively 74% occupied and our apartment property was 94% occupied.
Investments in real estate equity securities generate cash flow in the form of dividend income, which is reduced by asset management fees. As of March 31, 2019, we had three investments in real estate equity securities outstanding with a total carrying value of $61.0 million.
Under our charter, we are required to limit our total operating expenses to the greater of 2% of our average invested assets or 25% of our net income for the four most recently completed fiscal quarters, as these terms are defined in our charter, unless the conflicts committee of our board of directors has determined that such excess expenses were justified based on unusual and non-recurring factors. Operating expense reimbursements for the four fiscal quarters ended March 31, 2019 did not exceed the charter-imposed limitation.
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, our cash needs for capital expenditures, redemptions of common stock and debt servicing were met with proceeds from dispositions of real estate and undeveloped land, proceeds from debt financing, proceeds from our dividend reinvestment plan and cash on hand. Operating cash needs during the same period were met through cash flow generated by our real estate and real estate-related investments and cash on hand. As of March 31, 2019, we had outstanding debt obligations in the aggregate principal amount of $595.8 million, with a weighted-average remaining term of 2.3 years. As of March 31, 2019, we had a total of $154.0 million of debt obligations scheduled to mature within 12 months of that date. We plan to exercise our extension options available under our loan agreements or pay down or refinance the related notes payable prior to their maturity dates.
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT and intend to operate as a REIT. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required to make aggregate annual distributions to our stockholders of at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gain). Our board of directors may authorize distributions in excess of those required for us to maintain REIT status depending on our financial condition and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant. We have not established a minimum distribution level.

32
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

Cash Flows from Operating Activities
As of March 31, 2019, we consolidated six office properties, one office portfolio consisting of four office buildings and 14 acres of undeveloped land, one retail property, one apartment property and three investments in undeveloped land with approximately 1,000 developable acres and owned four investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and three investments in real estate equity securities. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, net cash used in operating activities was $7.6 million. We expect that our cash flows from operating activities will increase in future periods as a result of leasing additional space that is currently unoccupied and anticipated future acquisitions of real estate and real estate-related investments. However, our cash flows from operating activities may decrease to the extent that we dispose of additional assets.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net cash provided by investing activities was $49.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and primarily consisted of the following:
•
Proceeds from the sale of real estate equity securities of $24.1 million;
•
Proceeds from the sale of one apartment property of $17.9 million;
•
Improvements to real estate of $8.1 million;
•
Distribution of capital from an unconsolidated joint venture of $7.8 million; and
•
Proceeds from the principal repayment on real estate debt securities of $7.8 million.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities was $54.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and consisted primarily of the following:
•
$51.7 million of net cash provided by debt and other financings as a result of proceeds from notes payable of $2.6 million, partially offset by principal payments on notes and bonds payable of $54.3 million;
•
$2.5 million of cash used for redemptions of common stock;
•
$1.8 million of net cash provided by the issuance of $1.9 million of preferred membership units of our subsidiary, partially offset by sale commissions and other costs of $0.1 million;
•
$1.7 million of distributions to noncontrolling interests; and
•
$0.3 million of net cash distributions to stockholders, after giving effect to distributions reinvested by stockholders of $0.3 million.
In order to execute our investment strategy, we utilize secured debt and we may, to the extent available, utilize unsecured debt, to finance a portion of our investment portfolio. Management remains vigilant in monitoring the risks inherent with the use of debt in our portfolio and is taking actions to ensure that these risks, including refinancing and interest risks, are properly balanced with the benefit of using leverage. There is no limitation on the amount we may borrow for any single investment. Our charter limits our total liabilities such that our total liabilities may not exceed 75% of the cost of our tangible assets; however, we may exceed that limit if a majority of the conflicts committee approves each borrowing in excess of our charter limitation and we disclose such borrowing to our common stockholders in our next quarterly report with an explanation from the conflicts committee of the justification for the excess borrowing. As of March 31, 2019, our borrowings and other liabilities were approximately 66% of the cost (before depreciation and other noncash reserves) and 65% of the book value (before depreciation) of our tangible assets.
In March 2016, we, through a wholly-owned subsidiary, issued 970.2 million Israeli new Shekels (approximately $249.2 million as of March 8, 2016) in 4.25% bonds to investors in Israel pursuant to a public offering registered in Israel. The bonds have a seven year term, with principal payable in five equal annual installments from 2019 to 2023. On March 1, 2019, we paid the first principal installment payment of 194.0 million Israeli new Shekels (approximately $53.6 million as of March 1, 2019). We have used the proceeds from the issuance of these bonds to make additional investments.

33
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

In addition to making investments in accordance with our investment objectives, we use or have used our capital resources to make certain payments to our advisor and our dealer manager. During our offering stage, these payments included payments to our dealer manager for selling commissions and dealer manager fees related to sales in our primary offering and payments to our dealer manager and our advisor for reimbursement of certain organization and other offering expenses related both to the primary offering and the dividend reinvestment plan. During our acquisition and development stage, we expect to continue to make payments to our advisor in connection with the selection and origination or purchase of investments, the management of our assets and costs incurred by our advisor in providing services to us as well as for any dispositions of assets (including the discounted payoff of non-performing loans).
The advisory agreement has a one-year term but may be renewed for an unlimited number of successive one-year periods upon the mutual consent of our advisor and our conflicts committee.
Among the fees payable to our advisor is an asset management fee. With respect to investments in loans and any investments other than real property, the asset management fee is a monthly fee calculated, each month, as one-twelfth of 0.75% of the lesser of (i) the amount actually paid or allocated to acquire or fund the loan or other investment, inclusive of fees and expenses related thereto and the amount of any debt associated with or used to acquire or fund such investment and (ii) the outstanding principal amount of such loan or other investment, plus the fees and expenses related to the acquisition or funding of such investment, as of the time of calculation. With respect to investments in real property, the asset management fee is a monthly fee equal to one-twelfth of 0.75% of the sum of the amount paid or allocated to acquire the investment, plus the cost of any subsequent development, construction or improvements to the property, and inclusive of fees and expenses related thereto and the amount of any debt associated with or used to acquire such investment. In the case of investments made through joint ventures, the asset management fee will be determined based on our proportionate share of the underlying investment, inclusive of our proportionate share of any fees and expenses related thereto.
Contractual Commitments and Contingencies
The following is a summary of our contractual obligations as of March 31, 2019 (in thousands):
 
 
 
 
Payments Due During the Years Ending December 31,
Contractual Obligations
 
Total
 
Remainder of 2019
 
2020-2021
 
2022-2023
 
Thereafter
Outstanding debt obligations (1)
 
$
595,756

 
$
49,383

 
$
380,705

 
$
160,513

 
$
5,155

Interest payments on outstanding debt obligations (2)
 
57,612

 
19,116

 
30,671

 
5,395

 
2,430

_____________________
(1) Amounts include principal payments only.
(2) Projected interest payments are based on the outstanding principal amounts, maturity dates, foreign currency rates and interest rates in effect at March 31, 2019. We incurred interest expense of $7.0 million, excluding amortization of deferred financing costs of $0.9 million and including interest capitalized of $0.7 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

34
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

Participation Fee Liability
Pursuant to the advisory agreement currently in effect with our advisor, our advisor is due a subordinated participation in our net cash flows (the “Incentive Fee”) if, after the stockholders have received, together as a collective group, aggregate distributions (including distributions that may constitute a return of capital for federal income tax purposes) sufficient to provide (i) a return of their net invested capital, or the amount calculated by multiplying the total number of shares purchased by stockholders by the issue price, reduced by any amounts to repurchase shares pursuant to the share redemption program, and (ii) a 7.0% per year cumulative, noncompounded return on such net invested capital, our advisor is entitled to receive 15.0% of our net cash flows, whether from continuing operations, net sale proceeds or otherwise. Net sales proceeds means the net cash proceeds we realized after deduction of all expenses incurred in connection with a sale, including disposition fees paid to our advisor. The 7.0% per year cumulative, noncompounded return on net invested capital is calculated on a daily basis. In making this calculation, the net invested capital is reduced to the extent distributions in excess of a cumulative, noncompounded, annual return of 7.0% are paid (from whatever source), except to the extent such distributions would be required to supplement prior distributions paid in order to achieve a cumulative, noncompounded, annual return of 7.0% (invested capital is only reduced as described in this sentence; it is not reduced simply because a distribution constitutes a return of capital for federal income tax purposes). The 7.0% per year cumulative, noncompounded return is not based on the return provided to any individual stockholder. Accordingly, it is not necessary for each of the stockholders to have received any minimum return in order for our advisor to participate in our net cash flows. In fact, if our advisor is entitled to participate in our net cash flows, the returns of the stockholders will differ, and some may be less than a 7.0% per year cumulative, noncompounded return. This fee is payable only if we are not listed on an exchange.
On April 4, 2018, our stockholders approved the acceleration of the payment of such incentive compensation, subject to certain conditions. Such accelerated payment would require approval by a special committee of our board of directors in connection with our anticipated conversion into a net asset value REIT. Our advisor estimated the fair value of this liability to be as much as $43 million as of March 31, 2019, based on a hypothetical liquidation of the assets and liabilities at their estimated fair values, after considering the impact of any potential closing costs and fees related to the disposition of real estate properties. The fair value of the Incentive Fee liability as of March 31, 2019 is based on the estimated fair values of our assets and liabilities as of that date and changes to the fair values of assets and liabilities could have a material impact to the Incentive Fee calculation. The Incentive Fee is not currently payable to our advisor, as it remains subject to further approval by the special committee and our conversion to a perpetual-life NAV REIT, and there is no guarantee that it will ever be payable.
Results of Operations
Overview
As of March 31, 2018, we consolidated six office properties, one office portfolio consisting of four office buildings and 14 acres of undeveloped land, one office/flex/industrial portfolio consisting of 21 buildings, one retail property, two apartment properties and three investments in undeveloped land with approximately 1,100 developable acres and owned three investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, an investment in real estate debt securities and three investments in real estate equity securities. As of March 31, 2019, we consolidated six office properties, one office portfolio consisting of four office buildings and 14 acres of undeveloped land, one retail property, one apartment property and three investments in undeveloped land with approximately 1,000 developable acres and owned four investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and three investments in real estate equity securities. Our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 may not be indicative of those in future periods due to acquisition and disposition activities. Additionally, the occupancy in our properties has not been stabilized. As of March 31, 2019, our office and retail properties were collectively 74% occupied and our apartment property was 94% occupied. However, due to the amount of near-term lease expirations, we do not put significant emphasis on quarterly changes in occupancy (positive or negative) in the short run. Our underwriting and valuations are generally more sensitive to “terminal values” that may be realized upon the disposition of the assets in the portfolio and less sensitive to ongoing cash flows generated by the portfolio in the years leading up to an eventual sale. There are no guarantees that occupancies of our assets will increase, or that we will recognize a gain on the sale of our assets. In general, we expect that our income and expenses related to our portfolio will increase in future periods as a result of leasing additional space and acquiring additional assets but decrease due to disposition activity.

35
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2019 versus the three months ended March 31, 2018
The following table provides summary information about our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (dollar amounts in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Increase (Decrease)
 
Percentage Change
 
$ Change Due to Acquisitions/ Dispositions (1)
 
$ Change Due to 
Investments Held Throughout
Both Periods (2)
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
Rental income
 
$
18,373

 
$
17,349

 
$
1,024

 
6
 %
 
$
729

 
$
295

Other operating income
 
1,393

 
735

 
658

 
90
 %
 
670

 
(12
)
Interest income from real estate debt securities
 
369

 
501

 
(132
)
 
(26
)%
 
(132
)
 
—

Dividend income from real estate equity securities
 
1,776

 
1,051

 
725

 
69
 %
 
725

 
—

Operating, maintenance, and management costs
 
6,271

 
5,487

 
784

 
14
 %
 
696

 
88

Real estate taxes and insurance
 
2,977

 
2,339

 
638

 
27
 %
 
318

 
320

Asset management fees to affiliate
 
1,891

 
1,825

 
66

 
4
 %
 
48

 
18

General and administrative expenses
 
1,533

 
2,052

 
(519
)
 
(25
)%
 
n/a

 
n/a

Foreign currency transaction loss, net
 
2,816

 
997

 
1,819

 
182
 %
 
n/a

 
n/a

Depreciation and amortization
 
7,681

 
7,265

 
416

 
6
 %
 
288

 
128

Interest expense
 
7,168

 
6,591

 
577

 
9
 %
 
401

 
176

Income from unconsolidated joint venture
 
—

 
53

 
(53
)
 
(100
)%
 
—

 
(53
)
Equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated joint ventures, net
 
7,312

 
(2,378
)
 
9,690

 
(407
)%
 
—

 
9,690

Other interest income
 
690

 
930

 
(240
)
 
(26
)%
 
n/a

 
n/a

Gain (loss) on real estate equity securities
 
11,165

 
(16,011
)
 
27,176

 
(170
)%
 
27,176

 
—

Gain on sale of real estate
 
7,575

 
624

 
6,951

 
1,114
 %
 
6,951

 
—

Loss on extinguishment of debt
 
(856
)
 
—

 
(856
)
 
n/a

 
(856
)
 
—

_____________________
(1) Represents the dollar amount increase (decrease) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 related to real estate and real estate-related investments acquired or disposed on or after January 1, 2018.
(2) Represents the dollar amount increase (decrease) for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018 with respect to real estate and real estate-related investments owned by us during the entirety of both periods presented.
Rental income increased from $17.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to $18.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of properties acquired in 2018 and an overall increase in rental rates, partially offset by properties disposed in 2018 and 2019. The occupancy of our office and retail properties, collectively, held throughout both periods remained consistent at 75% as of March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019 and the occupancy of our apartment property held throughout both periods decreased from 97% as of March 31, 2018 to 94% as of March 31, 2019. Annualized base rent per square foot increased from $21.74 as of March 31, 2018 to $22.95 as of March 31, 2019 related to properties (excluding apartments) held throughout both periods. We expect rental income and tenant reimbursements to increase in future periods as a result of future acquisitions of real estate and leasing additional space, but to decrease to the extent we dispose of properties.
Other operating income increased from $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of properties acquired in 2018, partially offset by properties disposed in 2018 and 2019. We expect other operating income to increase in future periods as a result of future acquisitions of real estate, leasing additional space and increases in parking income as we stabilize properties.
Interest income from real estate debt securities decreased from $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to$0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of a decrease in average principal balance outstanding. We expect interest income from real estate debt securities to decrease as a result of the redemption of real estate debt securities on March 20, 2019.

36
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

Dividend income from real estate equity securities increased from $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of the timing of the Keppel-KBS US REIT dividends declared and additional real estate equity securities acquired in 2018, partially offset by the sale of real estate equity securities in 2018 and 2019. We expect dividend income from real estate equity securities to vary in future periods as a result of the timing of dividends declared and investment activity.
Property operating costs and real estate taxes and insurance increased from $5.5 million and $2.3 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to $6.3 million and $3.0 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of properties acquired in 2018, partially offset by properties disposed in 2018 and 2019. Real estate taxes and insurance related to properties held through both periods increased during the three months ended March 31, 2019 primarily as a result of a property tax reassessment of 125 John Carpenter. We expect property operating costs and real estate taxes and insurance to increase in future periods as a result of future acquisitions of real estate, increasing occupancy of our real estate assets and inflation, but to decrease to the extent we dispose of properties.
Asset management fees increased from $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to $1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of properties acquired in 2018, partially offset by properties disposed in 2018 and 2019. We expect asset management fees to increase in future periods as a result of future acquisitions of real estate and capital expenditures, but to decrease to the extent we dispose of properties. All asset management fees incurred as of March 31, 2019 have been paid.
General and administrative expenses decreased from $2.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to decreased legal expenses incurred to evaluate certain strategic transactions. We expect general and administrative expenses to fluctuate in future periods based on investment and disposition activity.
We recognized $2.8 million and $1.0 million of foreign currency transaction loss, net, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, related to the Series A debentures in Israel. These debentures are denominated in Israeli new Shekels and we expect to recognize foreign transaction gains and losses based on changes in foreign currency exchange rates, but expect our exposure to be limited to the extent that we have entered into foreign currency options and foreign currency collars. As of March 31, 2019, we had entered into one foreign currency collar to hedge against a change in the exchange rate of the Israeli new Shekel versus the U.S. Dollar. The foreign currency collar expires in August 2019 and has an aggregate Israeli new Shekels notional amount of 776.2 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recognized a $3.0 million gain related to the foreign currency collars, which is shown net against $5.8 million of foreign currency transaction loss in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations as foreign currency transaction loss, net. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we recognized a $2.0 million loss related to the foreign currency option, which is shown net against $1.0 million of foreign currency transaction gain in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations as foreign currency transaction loss, net.
Depreciation and amortization increased from $7.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to $7.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of properties acquired in 2018, partially offset by properties disposed in 2018 and 2019. We expect depreciation and amortization to increase in future periods as a result of future acquisitions of real estate properties, but to decrease as a result of amortization of tenant origination costs related to lease expirations and disposition of properties.
Interest expense increased from $6.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to $7.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of increased borrowings related to properties acquired in 2018 and increased one-month LIBOR rates during the three months ended March 31, 2019, partially offset by the paydown of debt on properties disposed in 2018 and 2019 and the March 1, 2019 Debentures principal installment payment of 194.0 million Israeli new Shekels (approximately $53.6 million as of March 1, 2019). Excluded from interest expense was $0.7 million and $0.6 million of interest capitalized to our investments in undeveloped land during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Our interest expense in future periods will vary based on interest rate fluctuations, the amount of interest capitalized and our level of future borrowings, which will depend on the availability and cost of debt financing and the opportunity to acquire real estate and real estate-related investments meeting our investment objectives and will decrease to the extent we dispose of properties and paydown debt.
During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we did not receive any distributions related to our investment in the NIP Joint Venture. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we received a distribution of $0.4 million related to our investment in the NIP Joint Venture. We recognized $0.1 million of income distributions and $0.3 million of return of capital from the NIP Joint Venture.

37
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

Equity in loss of unconsolidated joint ventures was $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures was $7.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of a $7.8 million distribution from the 110 William Joint Venture funded with proceeds from the 110 William refinancing. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recorded $7.5 million equity in income from the 110 William Joint Venture, which includes a $7.8 million gain related to a distribution received, net of our share of net losses of $0.3 million. We will not record any subsequent equity in income for the 110 William Joint Venture until subsequent equity in income equals the gain recorded. 
Other interest income decreased from $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 to $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of decreased dividends from money market mutual funds due to our decreased investment balance in these funds.
Loss on real estate equity securities was $16.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Gain on real estate equity securities was $11.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. We expect gain (loss) on real estate equity securities to fluctuate in future periods as a result of changes in share prices of our investments in real estate equity securities.
During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we sold 26 acres of undeveloped land that resulted in a gain on sale of $0.6 million, which was net of deferred profit of $0.3 million related to proceeds received from the purchaser for the value of land that was contributed to a master association that we consolidated. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we sold one apartment property, which resulted in a gain on sale of $7.6 million.
During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we recognized loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.9 million related to debt repayments in connection with a real estate disposition.
Funds from Operations, Modified Funds from Operations and Adjusted Modified Funds from Operations
We believe that funds from operations (“FFO”) is a beneficial indicator of the performance of an equity REIT. We compute FFO in accordance with the current National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) definition. FFO represents net income, excluding gains and losses from sales of real estate assets (which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar conditions based on historical cost accounting and useful-life estimates), impairment losses on real estate assets, depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, and adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. In addition, we elected the option to exclude mark-to-market changes in value recognized on equity securities in the calculation of FFO. We believe FFO facilitates comparisons of operating performance between periods and among other REITs. However, our computation of FFO may not be comparable to other REITs that do not define FFO in accordance with the NAREIT definition or that interpret the current NAREIT definition differently than we do. Our management believes that historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors and analysts have considered the presentation of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves. As a result, we believe that the use of FFO, together with the required GAAP presentations, provides a more complete understanding of our performance relative to our competitors and provides a more informed and appropriate basis on which to make decisions involving operating, financing, and investing activities.
Changes in accounting rules have resulted in a substantial increase in the number of non-operating and non-cash items included in the calculation of FFO. As a result, our management also uses modified funds from operations (“MFFO”) as an indicator of our ongoing performance as well as our dividend sustainability. MFFO excludes from FFO: acquisition fees and expenses (to the extent that such fees and expenses have been recorded as operating expenses); adjustments related to contingent purchase price obligations; amounts relating to straight-line rents and amortization of above- and below-market intangible lease assets and liabilities; accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on debt investments; amortization of closing costs relating to debt investments; impairments of real estate-related investments; mark-to-market adjustments included in net income; and gains or losses included in net income for the extinguishment or sale of debt or hedges. We compute MFFO in accordance with the definition of MFFO included in the practice guideline issued by the Institute for Portfolio Alternatives (“IPA”) in November 2010 as interpreted by management. Our computation of MFFO may not be comparable to other REITs that do not compute MFFO in accordance with the current IPA definition or that interpret the current IPA definition differently than we do.
In addition, our management uses an adjusted MFFO (“Adjusted MFFO”) as an indicator of our ongoing performance, as well as our dividend sustainability. Adjusted MFFO provides adjustments to reduce MFFO related to operating expenses that are capitalized with respect to certain of our investments in undeveloped land. 

38
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

We believe that MFFO and Adjusted MFFO are helpful as measures of ongoing operating performance because they exclude costs that management considers more reflective of investing activities and other non-operating items included in FFO. Management believes that excluding acquisition costs, prior to our early adoption of ASU No. 2017-01 on January 1, 2017, from MFFO and Adjusted MFFO provides investors with supplemental performance information that is consistent with management’s analysis of the operating performance of the portfolio over time, including periods after our acquisition stage. MFFO and Adjusted MFFO also exclude non-cash items such as straight-line rental revenue.  Additionally, we believe that MFFO and Adjusted MFFO provide investors with supplemental performance information that is consistent with the performance indicators and analysis used by management, in addition to net income and cash flows from operating activities as defined by GAAP, to evaluate the sustainability of our operating performance.  MFFO provides comparability in evaluating the operating performance of our portfolio with other non-traded REITs which typically have limited lives with short and defined acquisition periods and targeted exit strategies.  MFFO, or an equivalent measure, is routinely reported by non-traded REITs, and we believe often used by analysts and investors for comparison purposes.
FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO are non-GAAP financial measures and do not represent net income as defined by GAAP. Net income as defined by GAAP is the most relevant measure in determining our operating performance because FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO include adjustments that investors may deem subjective, such as adding back expenses such as depreciation and amortization and the other items described above. Accordingly, FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO should not be considered as alternatives to net income as an indicator of our current and historical operating performance. In addition, FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO do not represent cash flows from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered an indication of our liquidity. We believe FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO, in addition to net income and cash flows from operating activities as defined by GAAP, are meaningful supplemental performance measures.
Although MFFO includes other adjustments, the exclusion of straight-line rent, the amortization of above- and below-market leases, the accretion of interest income on real estate debt securities, mark to market foreign currency transaction adjustments and extinguishment of debt are the most significant adjustments for the periods presented.  We have excluded these items based on the following economic considerations:
•
Adjustments for straight-line rent.  These are adjustments to rental revenue as required by GAAP to recognize contractual lease payments on a straight-line basis over the life of the respective lease.  We have excluded these adjustments in our calculation of MFFO to more appropriately reflect the current economic impact of our in-place leases, while also providing investors with a useful supplemental metric that addresses core operating performance by removing rent we expect to receive in a future period or rent that was received in a prior period;
•
Amortization of above- and below-market leases.  Similar to depreciation and amortization of real estate assets and lease related costs that are excluded from FFO, GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of intangible lease assets and liabilities diminishes predictably over time and requires that these charges be recognized currently in revenue.  Since market lease rates in the aggregate have historically risen or fallen with local market conditions, management believes that by excluding these charges, MFFO provides useful supplemental information on the realized economics of the real estate;
•
Accretion of interest income on real estate debt securities.  Discounts and closing costs related to debt investments are accreted/amortized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to interest income.  This application results in income recognition that is different than the underlying contractual terms of the debt investments.  We have excluded the accretion of interest income on real estate debt securities in our calculation of MFFO to more appropriately reflect the economic impact of our debt investments, as discounts will not be economically recognized until the loan is repaid and closing costs are essentially the same as acquisition fees and expenses on real estate.  We believe excluding these items provides investors with a useful supplemental metric that directly addresses core operating performance;
•
Mark-to-market foreign currency transaction adjustments. The U.S. Dollar is our functional currency. Transactions denominated in currency other than our functional currency are recorded upon initial recognition at the exchange rate on the date of the transaction. After initial recognition, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are remeasured at each reporting date into the foreign currency at the exchange rate on that date. In addition, we have entered into foreign currency collars and foreign currency options that results in a foreign currency transaction adjustment. These amounts can increase or reduce net income. We exclude them from MFFO to more appropriately present the ongoing operating performance of our real estate investments on a comparative basis; and


39
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

•
Loss on extinguishment of debt. A loss on extinguishment of debt, which includes prepayment fees related to the extinguishment of debt, represents the difference between the carrying value of any consideration transferred to the lender in return for the extinguishment of a debt and the net carrying value of the debt at the time of settlement. We have excluded the loss from extinguishment of debt in our calculation of MFFO because these losses do not impact the current operating performance of our investments and do not provide an indication of future operating performance.
Adjusted MFFO includes adjustments to reduce MFFO related to real estate taxes, property insurance and financing costs which are capitalized with respect to certain of our investments in undeveloped land.  We have included adjustments for the costs incurred necessary to bring these investments to their intended use, as these costs are recurring operating costs that are capitalized in accordance with GAAP and not reflected in our net income (loss), FFO and MFFO.   
Our calculation of FFO, which we believe is consistent with the calculation of FFO as defined by NAREIT, is presented in the following table, along with our calculations of MFFO and Adjusted MFFO, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands). No conclusions or comparisons should be made from the presentation of these periods.
 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
 
$
16,781

 
$
(23,681
)
Depreciation of real estate assets
 
4,424

 
4,118

Amortization of lease-related costs
 
3,257

 
3,147

Gain on sale of real estate (1)
 
(7,575
)
 
(624
)
(Gain) loss on real estate equity securities
 
(11,165
)
 
16,011

Adjustments for noncontrolling interests - consolidated entities (2)
 
704

 
(121
)
Adjustments for investments in unconsolidated entities (3)
 
(6,729
)
 
3,339

FFO attributable to common stockholders
 
(303
)
 
2,189

Straight-line rent and amortization of above- and below-market leases
 
(1,522
)
 
(901
)
Accretion of interest income on real estate debt securities
 
(13
)
 
(107
)
Amortization of net premium/discount on bond and notes payable
 
(20
)
 
14

Loss on extinguishment of debt
 
856

 
—

Unrealized loss (gain) on interest rate caps
 
30

 
(31
)
Mark-to-market foreign currency transaction loss, net
 
2,816

 
997

Adjustments for noncontrolling interests - consolidated entities (2)
 
2

 
3

Adjustments for investments in unconsolidated entities (3)
 
(1,617
)
 
(656
)
MFFO attributable to common stockholders
 
229

 
1,508

Other capitalized operating expenses (4)
 
(764
)
 
(746
)
Adjusted MFFO attributable to common stockholders
 
$
(535
)
 
$
762

_____________________
(1) Reflects an adjustment to eliminate gain on sale of real estate, which includes undepreciated land sales.
(2) Reflects adjustments to eliminate the noncontrolling interest holders’ share of the adjustments to convert our net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders to FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO.
(3) Reflects adjustments to add back our noncontrolling interest share of the adjustments to convert our net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders to FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO for our equity investments in unconsolidated joint ventures.
(4) Reflects real estate taxes, property insurance and financing costs that are capitalized with respect to certain of our investments in undeveloped land.  During the periods in which we are incurring costs necessary to bring these investments to their intended use, certain normal recurring operating costs are capitalized in accordance with GAAP and not reflected in our net income (loss), FFO and MFFO.
FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO may also be used to fund all or a portion of certain capitalizable items that are excluded from FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO, such as tenant improvements, building improvements and deferred leasing costs. We expect FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO to improve in future periods to the extent that we continue to lease up vacant space and acquire additional assets. We expect FFO, MFFO and Adjusted MFFO to decrease as a result of dispositions.

40
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

Distributions
Distributions declared, distributions paid and cash flows provided by operations were as follows for the first quarter of 2019 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
 
Distribution Declared
 
Distributions Declared Per Share
 
Distributions Paid (1)
 
Cash Flows Used In Operations
Period
 
 
 
Cash
 
Reinvested
 
Total
 
First Quarter 2019
 
$
578

 
$
0.009

 
$
292

 
$
286

 
$
578

 
$
(7,573
)
On March 7, 2019, our board of directors authorized a distribution in the amount of $0.00860000 per share of common stock to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 14, 2019. We paid this distribution on March 19, 2019 and this was the only distribution declared during the first quarter of 2019.
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we paid aggregate distributions of $0.6 million, including $0.3 million of distributions paid in cash and $0.3 million of distributions reinvested through our dividend reinvestment plan. Our net income attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $16.8 million and our cash flows used in operations were $7.6 million. Our cumulative distributions paid and net income attributable to common stockholders from inception through March 31, 2019 were $193.7 million and $203.5 million, respectively. We have funded our cumulative distributions paid, which includes net cash distributions and distributions reinvested by stockholders, with proceeds from debt financing of $18.7 million, proceeds from the dispositions of property of $83.4 million and cash provided by operations of $91.6 million. To the extent that we pay distributions from sources other than our cash flow from operations or gains from asset sales, we will have fewer funds available for investment in real estate-related loans, opportunistic real estate, real estate-related debt securities and other real estate-related investments, the overall return to our stockholders may be reduced and subsequent investors may experience dilution.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and in conjunction with the rules and regulations of the SEC. The preparation of our financial statements requires significant management judgments and assumptions, require estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain and because they are important for understanding and evaluating our reported financial results. These judgments will affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. With different estimates or assumptions, materially different amounts could be reported in our financial statements. Additionally, other companies may utilize different estimates that may impact the comparability of our results of operations to those of companies in similar businesses. A discussion of the accounting policies that management considers critical in that they involve significant management judgments, assumptions and estimates is included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the SEC. There have been no significant changes to our policies during 2019, except for our adoption of the lease accounting standards issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board effective on January 1, 2019.
Revenue Recognition - Operating Leases
Real Estate
On January 1, 2019, we adopted the lease accounting standards under Topic 842 including the package of practical expedients for all leases that commenced before the effective date of January 1, 2019. Accordingly, we (i) did not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (ii) did not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing lease, and (iii) did not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. We did not elect the practical expedient related to using hindsight to reevaluate the lease term. In addition, we adopted the practical expedient for land easements and did not assess whether existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under the lease accounting standards of Topic 840 are or contain a lease under Topic 842.
In addition, Topic 842 provides an optional transition method to allow entities to apply the new lease accounting standards at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. We adopted this transition method upon its adoption of the lease accounting standards of Topic 842, which did not result in a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings on January 1, 2019. Our comparative periods presented in the financial statements will continue to be reported under the lease accounting standards of Topic 840.

41
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

In accordance with Topic 842, tenant reimbursements for property taxes and insurance are included in the single lease component of the lease contract (the right of the lessee to use the leased space) and therefore are accounted for as variable lease payments and are recorded as rental income on our statement of operations beginning January 1, 2019. In addition, we adopted the practical expedient available under Topic 842 to not separate nonlease components from the associated lease component and instead to account for those components as a single component if the nonlease components otherwise would be accounted for under the new revenue recognition standard (Topic 606) and if certain conditions are met, specifically related to tenant reimbursements for common area maintenance which would otherwise be accounted for under the revenue recognition standard. We believe the two conditions have been met for tenant reimbursements for common area maintenance as (i) the timing and pattern of transfer of the nonlease components and associated lease components are the same and (ii) the lease component would be classified as an operating lease. Accordingly, tenant reimbursements for common area maintenance are also accounted for as variable lease payments and recorded as rental income on our statement of operations beginning January 1, 2019.
We recognize minimum rent, including rental abatements, lease incentives and contractual fixed increases attributable to operating leases, on a straight-line basis over the term of the related leases when collectibility is probable and records amounts expected to be received in later years as deferred rent receivable. If the lease provides for tenant improvements, we determine whether the tenant improvements, for accounting purposes, are owned by the tenant or by us. When we are the owner of the tenant improvements, the tenant is not considered to have taken physical possession or have control of the physical use of the leased asset until the tenant improvements are substantially completed. When the tenant is the owner of the tenant improvements, any tenant improvement allowance (including amounts that can be taken in the form of cash or a credit against the tenant’s rent) that is funded is treated as a lease incentive and amortized as a reduction of rental revenue over the lease term. Tenant improvement ownership is determined based on various factors including, but not limited to:
•
whether the lease stipulates how a tenant improvement allowance may be spent;
•
whether the lessee or lessor supervises the construction and bears the risk of cost overruns;
•
whether the amount of a tenant improvement allowance is in excess of market rates;
•
whether the tenant or landlord retains legal title to the improvements at the end of the lease term;
•
whether the tenant improvements are unique to the tenant or general purpose in nature; and
•
whether the tenant improvements are expected to have any residual value at the end of the lease.
We lease apartment units under operating leases with terms generally of one year or less. Generally, credit investigations will be performed for prospective residents and security deposits will be obtained. We recognize rental revenue, net of concessions, on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, when collectibility is determined to be probable.
In accordance with Topic 842, we make a determination of whether the collectibility of the lease payments in an operating lease is probable. If we determine the lease payments are not probable of collection, we would fully reserve for any contractual lease payments, deferred rent receivable, and tenant reimbursements and would recognize rental income only if cash is received. Beginning January 1, 2019, these changes to our collectibility assessment are reflected as an adjustment to rental income. Prior to January 1, 2019, bad debt expense related to uncollectible accounts receivable and deferred rent receivable was included in operating, maintenance, and management expense in the statement of operations.  Any subsequent changes to the collectibility of the allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2018, which was recorded prior to the adoption of Topic 842, are recorded in operating, maintenance, and management expense in the statement of operations.
Beginning January 1, 2019, we, as a lessor, record costs to negotiate or arrange a lease that would have been incurred regardless of whether the lease was obtained, such as legal costs incurred to negotiate an operating lease as an expense and classify such costs as operating, maintenance, and management expense on the our consolidated statement of operations, as these costs are no longer capitalizable under the definition of initial direct costs under Topic 842.

42
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)

Subsequent Events
We evaluate subsequent events up until the date the consolidated financial statements are issued.
Probable Real Estate Acquisition
Georgia 400 Center
On May 1, 2019, we, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary (the “Buyer”), entered into a purchase and sale agreement to purchase an office property consisting of three buildings containing an aggregate of 416,463 rentable square feet located on an aggregate of 24.4 acres of land in Alpharetta, Georgia (“Georgia 400 Center”). On April 12, 2019, our advisor entered into a purchase and sale agreement to purchase Georgia 400 Center and on May 1, 2019, our advisor subsequently assigned the purchase and sale agreement, as amended, to the Buyer for $1.0 million, which is the amount of the initial deposit paid by our advisor. The seller is not affiliated with us or our advisor.
Pursuant to the purchase and sale agreement, we would be obligated to purchase the property only after satisfactory completion of agreed upon closing conditions. There can be no assurance that we will complete the acquisition. In some circumstances, if we fail to complete the acquisition, we may forfeit up to $3.0 million of earnest money. The contractual purchase price of Georgia 400 Center is $91.0 million plus closing costs. Georgia 400 Center was built between 1998 and 2001 and is currently 85% leased to 31 tenants.
Distribution Declared
On May 13, 2019, our board of directors authorized a distribution in the amount of $0.00860000 per share of common stock to stockholders of record as of the close of business on June 14, 2019. We expect to pay this distribution on or about June 19, 2019.

43
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to the effects of interest rate changes as a result of borrowings used to maintain liquidity, fund distributions and to fund the refinancing of our real estate investment portfolio and operations. We may also be exposed to the effects of changes in interest rates as a result of the acquisition and origination of mortgage, mezzanine, bridge and other loans and the acquisition of real estate securities. We are also exposed to the effects of foreign currency changes in Israel with respect to the 4.25% bonds issued to investors in Israel in March 2016. Our profitability and the value of our investment portfolio may be adversely affected during any period as a result of interest rate changes and foreign currency changes. Our interest rate risk management objectives are to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings, prepayment penalties and cash flows and to lower overall borrowing costs. We may manage interest rate risk by maintaining a ratio of fixed rate, long-term debt such that floating rate exposure is kept at an acceptable level. In addition, we may utilize a variety of financial instruments, including interest rate caps, floors, and swap agreements, in order to limit the effects of changes in interest rates on our operations. In order to limit the effects of changes in foreign currency on our operations, we may utilize a variety of foreign currency hedging strategies such as cross currency swaps, forward contracts, puts or calls. When we use these types of derivatives to hedge the risk of interest-earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities, we may be subject to certain risks, including the risk that losses on a hedge position will reduce the funds available for payments to holders of our common stock and the risk that the losses may exceed the amount we invested in the instruments. Additionally, certain of these strategies may cause us to fund a margin account periodically to offset changes in foreign currency rates which may also reduce the funds available for payments to holders of our common stock.
As of March 31, 2019, we had entered into one foreign currency collar to hedge against a change in the exchange rate of the Israeli new Shekel versus the U.S. Dollar. The foreign currency collar expires in August 2019 and has an aggregate Israeli new Shekels notional amount of 776.2 million. The foreign currency collar consists of a purchased call option to buy Israeli new Shekels at 3.4860 and a sold put option to sell the Israeli new Shekels at 3.6185. The foreign currency collar is intended to permit us to exchange, on the settlement date of the collar, 776.2 million Israeli new Shekels for an amount ranging from $214.5 million to $222.7 million.
As of March 31, 2019, we held 20,000 Israeli new Shekels and 21.8 million Israeli new Shekels in cash and restricted cash, respectively. In addition, as of March 31, 2019, we had bonds outstanding and the related interest payable in the amounts of 776.2 million Israeli new Shekels and 2.7 million Israeli new Shekels, respectively. Foreign currency exchange rate risk is the possibility that our financial results could be better or worse than planned because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Based solely on the remeasurement for the three months ended March 31, 2019, if foreign currency exchange rates were to increase or decrease by 10%, our net income would increase or decrease by approximately $18.9 million and $23.2 million, respectively, for the same period. The foreign currency transaction income or loss as a result of the change in foreign currency exchange rates does not take into account any gains or losses on our foreign currency collar as a result of such change, which would reduce our foreign currency exposure.
We borrow funds at a combination of fixed and variable rates. Interest rate fluctuations will generally not affect our future earnings or cash flows on our fixed rate debt unless such instruments mature or are otherwise terminated. However, interest rate changes will affect the fair value of our fixed rate instruments. As of March 31, 2019, the fair value of our KBS SOR (BVI) Holdings, Ltd. Series A Debentures was $213.3 million and the outstanding principal balance was $213.6 million. As of March 31, 2019, excluding the KBS SOR (BVI) Holdings, Ltd. Series A Debentures, the fair value of our fixed rate debt was $7.8 million and the outstanding principal balance of our fixed rate debt was $6.2 million. The fair value estimate of our KBS SOR (BVI) Holdings, Ltd. Series A Debentures was calculated using the quoted bond price as of March 31, 2019 on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange of 100.20 Israeli new Shekels. The fair value estimate of our fixed rate debt was calculated using a discounted cash flow analysis utilizing rates we would expect to pay for debt of a similar type and remaining maturity if the loans were originated as of March 31, 2019. As we expect to hold our fixed rate instruments to maturity and the amounts due under such instruments would be limited to the outstanding principal balance and any accrued and unpaid interest, we do not expect that fluctuations in interest rates, and the resulting changes in fair value of our fixed rate instruments, would have a significant impact on our operations.

44
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk (continued)


Conversely, movements in interest rates on variable rate debt would change our future earnings and cash flows, but would not significantly affect the fair value of those instruments. However, changes in required risk premiums would result in changes in the fair value of floating rate instruments. As of March 31, 2019, we were exposed to market risks related to fluctuations in interest rates on $375.9 million of variable rate debt outstanding. As of March 31, 2019, we had entered into one interest rate cap with a notional amount of $46.9 million that effectively limits one-month LIBOR at 3.0% effective February 21, 2017 through February 13, 2020 and one interest rate cap with a notional amount of $77.5 million that effectively limits one-month LIBOR at 3.5% effective April 2, 2018 through March 5, 2021. Based on interest rates as of March 31, 2019, if interest rates were 100 basis points higher or lower during the 12 months ending March 31, 2020, interest expense on our variable rate debt would increase by $3.5 million or decrease by $3.8 million, respectively.
The weighted-average interest rates of our fixed rate debt and variable rate debt as of March 31, 2019 were 4.3% and 4.4%, respectively. The interest rate and weighted-average interest rate represent the actual interest rate in effect as of March 31, 2019 (consisting of the contractual interest rate and the effect of contractual floor rates, if applicable), using interest rate indices as of March 31, 2019 where applicable.
We are exposed to financial market risk with respect to our real estate equity securities. Financial market risk is the risk that we will incur economic losses due to adverse changes in our real estate equity security prices. Our exposure to changes in real estate equity security prices is a result of our investment in these types of securities. Market prices are subject to fluctuation and, therefore, the amount realized in the subsequent sale of an investment may significantly differ from the reported market value. Fluctuation in the market prices of a real estate equity security may result from any number of factors, including perceived changes in the underlying fundamental characteristics of the issuer, the relative price of alternative investments, interest rates, default rates and general market conditions. In addition, amounts realized in the sale of a particular security may be affected by the relative quantity of the real estate equity security being sold. We do not currently engage in derivative or other hedging transactions to manage our real estate equity security price risk. As of March 31, 2019, we owned real estate equity securities with a book value of $61.0 million. Based solely on the prices of real estate equity securities as of March 31, 2019, if prices were to increase or decrease by 10%, our net income would increase or decrease, respectively, by approximately $6.1 million.
Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon, and as of the date of, the evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file and submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

45
PART II.
OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
None.
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Please see the risks discussed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as filed with the SEC.
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
a)
During the period covered by this Form 10-Q, we did not sell any equity securities that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
b)
Not applicable.
c)
We have adopted a share redemption program that may enable stockholders to sell their shares to us in limited circumstances.
Pursuant to the share redemption program there are several limitations on our ability to redeem shares:
•
Unless the shares are being redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence” (each as defined under the share redemption program), we may not redeem shares until the stockholder has held the shares for one year.
•
During any calendar year, we may redeem no more than 5% of the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the prior calendar year.
•
We have no obligation to redeem shares if the redemption would violate the restrictions on distributions under Maryland law, which prohibits distributions that would cause a corporation to fail to meet statutory tests of solvency.
During 2019:
•
We may redeem no more than $2.0 million of shares in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence.”
•
We may redeem no more than $2.0 million of shares per fiscal quarter, excluding shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence.” To the extent any of such capacity is unused in a fiscal quarter, it will be carried over to the next fiscal quarter for redemption of shares excluding shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence.”  In addition, to the extent extra capacity from the bullet above is available with respect to redemptions in the last month of 2019, such capacity will be made available for redemption of shares other than in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence.”
After 2019:
•
During any calendar year, we may redeem only the number of shares that we can purchase with the amount of net proceeds from the sale of shares under the our dividend reinvestment plan during the prior calendar year; provided, however, that this limit may be increased or decreased by us upon ten business days’ notice to our stockholders. To the extent that we redeem less than the number of shares that we can purchase in any calendar year with the amount of net proceeds from the sale of shares under our dividend reinvestment plan during the prior calendar year plus any additional funds approved by us, such excess capacity to redeem shares during any calendar year shall be added to our capacity to otherwise redeem shares during the subsequent calendar year. Furthermore, during any calendar year, once we have received requests for redemptions, whether in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability or “determination of incompetence”, or otherwise, that if honored, and when combined with all prior redemptions made during the calendar year, would result in the amount of remaining funds available for the redemption of additional shares in such calendar year being $1.0 million or less, the last $1.0 million of available funds shall be reserved exclusively for shares being redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability or “determination of incompetence.” To the extent that, in the last month of any calendar year, the amount of redemption requests in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability or “determination of incompetence” is less than the amount of available funds reserved for such redemptions in accordance with the previous sentence, any excess funds may be used to redeem shares not in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability or “determination of incompetence” during such month.

46
PART II.
OTHER INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds (continued)

•
We may not redeem more than $3.0 million of shares in a given quarter (excluding shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence”). To the extent that, in a given fiscal quarter, we redeem less than the sum of (a) $3.0 million of shares (excluding shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence”) and (b) any excess capacity carried over to such fiscal quarter from a prior fiscal quarter as described below, any remaining excess capacity to redeem shares in such fiscal quarter will be added to our capacity to otherwise redeem shares (excluding shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence”) during succeeding fiscal quarter. We may increase or decrease this limit upon ten business days’ notice to stockholders.
We may amend, suspend or terminate the program upon ten business days’ notice to our stockholders. We may provide notice to our stockholders by including such information in a Current Report on Form 8-K or in our annual or quarterly reports, all publicly filed with the SEC, or by a separate mailing to our stockholders.
During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we fulfilled redemption requests eligible for redemption under our share redemption program and received in good order and funded redemptions under our share redemption program with the net proceeds from our dividend reinvestment plan and cash on hand. We redeemed shares pursuant to our share redemption program as follows:
Month
 
Total Number
of Shares Redeemed 
 
Average Price Paid
Per Share (1)
 
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares Available That May Yet Be Redeemed Under the Program
January 2019
 
—

 
$
—

 
(2) 
February 2019
 
13,633

 
$
9.91

 
(2) 
March 2019
 
253,283

 
$
9.49

 
(2) 
Total
 
266,916

 
 
 
 
_____________________
(1) On November 12, 2018, our board of directors approved an estimated value per share of our common stock of $9.91. The change in the redemption price became effective for the December 2018 redemption date and is effective until the estimated value per share is updated. We expect to update our estimated value per share no later than December 2019.
On December 4, 2018, our board of directors adopted an eleventh amended and restated share redemption program (the “Eleventh SRP”).  The Eleventh SRP changed the funding limits for the share redemption program in calendar year 2019, after which they will revert back to the prior limits.  Absent these changes, based on the amount of net proceeds raised from the sale of shares under the dividend reinvestment plan during 2018, we would have had $1.4 million available for redemptions during 2019, including shares that are redeemed in connection with a stockholders’ death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence.”  As amended, the following will apply during the calendar year 2019:
•
We may redeem no more than $2.0 million of shares in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence.”
•
We may redeem no more than $2.0 million of shares per fiscal quarter, excluding shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence.” To the extent any of such capacity is unused in a fiscal quarter, it will be carried over to the next fiscal quarter for redemption of shares excluding shares redeemed in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence.”  In addition, to the extent extra capacity from the bullet above is available with respect to redemptions in the last month of 2019, such capacity will be made available for redemption of shares other than in connection with a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence.”
There were no other changes to the share redemption program. The Eleventh SRP became effective for any redemption request received after December 21, 2018, which was the last day for a request to be received and processed in 2018 under the Tenth Amended Share Redemption Program.
(2) We limit the dollar value of shares that may be redeemed under the program as described above. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we redeemed $2.5 million of common stock under the program, which represented all redemption requests received in good order and eligible for redemption through the March 2019 redemption date, except for the $31.0 million of shares in connection with redemption requests not made upon a stockholder’s death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence,” which redemption requests will be fulfilled subject to the limitations described above. Based on the Eleventh SRP, we have $7.5 million available for redemptions in the remainder of 2019, including shares that are redeemed in connection with a stockholders’ death, “qualifying disability” or “determination of incompetence,” subject to the limitations described above.

47
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION (CONTINUED)

Item 3.
Defaults upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
Item 5.
Other Information
None.

48
PART II.
OTHER INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 6.
Exhibits

Ex.
 
Description
 
 
 
3.1
 
 
 
 
3.2
 
 
 
 
4.1
 
 
 
 
4.2
 
 
 
 
10.1
 
 
 
 
10.2
 
 
 
 
10.3
 
 
 
 
10.4
 
 
 
 
10.5
 
 
 
 
10.6
 
 
 
 
10.7
 
 
 
 
10.8
 
 
 
 
10.9
 
 
 
 
10.10
 
 
 
 
10.11
 
 
 
 
10.12
 
 
 
 
10.13
 
 
 
 
31.1
 
 
 
 
31.2
 
 
 
 
32.1
 
 
 
 
32.2
 
 
 
 

49
PART II.
OTHER INFORMATION (CONTINUED)
Item 6.
Exhibits

99.1
 
 
 
 
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document
 
 
 
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
 
 
 
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
 
 
 
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
 
 
 
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
 
 
 
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

50

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KBS STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
 
 
 
 
Date:
May 14, 2019
By:
/S/ KEITH D. HALL        
 
 
 
Keith D. Hall
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer and Director
 
 
 
(principal executive officer)
 
 
 
 
Date:
May 14, 2019
By:
/S/ JEFFREY K. WALDVOGEL        
 
 
 
Jeffrey K. Waldvogel
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary
 
 
 
(principal financial officer)

51