EX-3.2 3 f8k073118_ex3z2.htm EXHIBIT 3.2 BYLAWS Exhibit 3.2 Bylaws

 

BYLAWS

OF

ZHONG YA INTERNATIONAL LIMITED

a Nevada corporation (the “Corporation”)

Adopted as of June 1, 2018

 

ARTICLE I

 

OFFICES; BOOKS AND RECORDS

 

Section 1.01.Registered Office. The registered office of the Corporation in the State of Nevada is 64 North Pecos, Suite 900, Henderson, NV 89074. The name of the Corporation’s registered agent at such address is Action Stock Transfer. 

 

Section 1.02.Other Offices. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Nevada as the Corporation’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require. 

 

Section 1.03.Books and Records. The books and records of the Corporation may be kept within or without the State of Nevada as the Board may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require. 

 

ARTICLE II

 

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

 

Section 2.01.Time and Place of Meetings. All meetings of stockholders shall be held at such place, either within or without the State of Nevada, on such date and at such time as may be determined from time to time by the Board (or the President in the absence of a designation by the Board). The Board, in its sole discretion, may determine that such meetings be held wholly or partially by means of remote communication. For any meeting of stockholders to be held by remote communication, the Corporation shall (i) implement reasonable measures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting by remote communication is a stockholder or proxy holder, (ii) implement reasonable measures to provide such stockholders and proxy holders a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently with such proceedings, and (iii) if any stockholder or proxy holder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of remote communication, a record of such vote or other action shall be maintained by the Corporation. 

 

Section 2.02.Annual Meetings. An annual meeting of stockholders shall be held for the election of directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly be brought before such meeting. Stockholders may, unless the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation (as it may be amended from time to time, the “Certificate”) otherwise provides, act by written consent to elect directors. 

 

Section 2.03.Special Meetings. Special meetings of stockholders for any proper purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the Board or the President or shall be called by the Secretary of the Corporation whenever the stockholders of record owning a majority of the then issued and outstanding capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote on matters to be submitted to stockholders of the Corporation shall request therefor (either by written instrument signed by a majority, by resolution adopted by a vote of the majority or by a ballot submitted by electronic transmission, provided that any such electronic transmission shall set forth or be submitted with information from which it can be determined that the electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder or proxy holder). Any such written request shall state a proper purpose or purposes of the meeting and shall be delivered to the President or Secretary of the Corporation. 

 

Section 2.04.Notice of Meetings and Adjourned Meetings; Waivers of Notice

 

(a)Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, a written notice of the meeting of stockholders shall be given which shall state the hour, means of remote communication, if any, date and place, if any, thereof, and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Unless otherwise provided by law, such notice shall be delivered either personally or by mail, not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting, to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting.  



(b)A written waiver of any such notice signed by the person entitled thereto, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of an individual at a meeting in person, by proxy, or by remote communication shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, an annual or special meeting of stockholders need be specified in any written waiver of notice or any waiver by electronic transmission unless so required by the Certificate or these bylaws. Unless these bylaws otherwise require, when a meeting is adjourned to another time or place (whether or not a quorum is present), notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time, place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the Corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than 30 days, or after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. 

 

Section 2.05.Quorum. Unless otherwise provided under the Certificate or these bylaws and subject to the Nevada Revised Statutes (the “NRS”), the presence, in person, by proxy, or by remote communication, of the holders of record of a majority of the then issued and outstanding capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, any officer entitled to preside at or act as secretary of a meeting of stockholders shall adjourn the meeting, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified. 

 

Section 2.06.Voting and Proxies. 

 

(a)Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate and subject to the NRS, each stockholder shall be entitled to one vote for each then issued and outstanding share of capital stock held by such stockholder. Any share of capital stock of the Corporation held by the Corporation shall have no voting rights. Unless otherwise provided in the NRS, the Certificate or these bylaws, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of Common Stock of the Corporation present, in person, by means of remote communication, or by written proxy, at a meeting of stockholders and entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders. If the Certificate provides for more or less than one vote for any share, on any matter, every reference in these bylaws to a majority or other proportion of stock shall refer to such majority or other proportion of the votes of such stock. 

 

(b)Any stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to a corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by written proxy, provided that the instrument authorizing such proxy to act shall have been executed in writing (which shall include faxing, telegraphing or cabling) or by electronic transmission by such stockholder or by such stockholder’s duly authorized attorney and no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three (3) years from its date of authorization, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. 

 

Section 2.07. Action by Consent. 

 

(a)Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate, any action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders, or any action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding capital stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. 

 

(b)Any copy, facsimile or other reliable reproduction of a consent in writing may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing for any and all purposes for which the original writing could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing. 

 

Section 2.08.Organization. At each meeting of stockholders, the President, if one shall have been elected, or in his or her absence or if one shall not have been elected, such person designated by the vote of the majority of the stockholders present at such meeting, shall act as chairman of the meeting. The Secretary of the Corporation (or in his or her absence or inability to act, the person whom the chairman of the meeting shall appoint secretary of the meeting) shall act as secretary of the meeting and keep the minutes thereof. The order of business at all meetings of stockholders shall be as determined by the chairman of the meeting. 


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Section 2.09.Inspectors of Election. The Board, in advance of any meeting of the stockholders, may appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting or any adjournment thereof. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector at such meeting with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. 

 

ARTICLE III

 

DIRECTORS

 

Section 3.01.General Powers. Except as otherwise provided in the NRS or the Certificate, the business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board. 

 

Section 3.02.Number, Election and Term of Office. The number of directors which shall constitute the whole Board shall be fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board but shall not be fewer than one (1) nor more than twelve (12). The directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of the stockholders, and each director so elected shall hold office until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. Directors need not be stockholders. The initial Board shall consist of one (1) director until changed as herein provided. All elections of directors shall be held by written ballot, except as otherwise provided in the Certificate, or these bylaws; if authorized by the Board, such requirement of a written ballot shall be satisfied by a ballot submitted by electronic transmission. 

 

Section 3.03.Quorum and Manner of Acting. Unless the Certificate or these bylaws require a greater number, a majority of the total number of directors serving on the Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors deemed to be present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board. When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, if any (whether or not a quorum is present), notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time, place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which directors may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the Board may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board the directors present thereat shall adjourn the meeting, from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present. 

 

Section 3.04.Time and Place of Meetings. The Board shall hold its meetings at such place, either within or without the State of Nevada, or by remote communication, and at such time as may be determined from time to time by the Board (or the President in the absence of a determination by the Board). 

 

Section 3.05.Annual Meeting. The Board shall meet for the purpose of organization, the election of officers and the transaction of other business, as soon as practicable after each annual meeting of stockholders, on the same day and at the same place where such annual meeting shall be held. Notice of such meeting need not be given. In the event such annual meeting is not so held, the annual meeting of the Board may be held at such place either within or without the State of Nevada, or by remote communication, on such date and at such time as shall be specified in a notice thereof given as hereinafter provided in Section 3.07 herein or in a waiver of notice thereof signed by any director who chooses to waive the requirement of notice. 

 

Section 3.06.Regular Meetings. After the place and time of regular meetings of the Board shall have been determined and notice thereof shall have been once given to each member of the Board, regular meetings may be held without further notice being given. 

 

Section 3.07.Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board may be called by the President and shall be called by the President or Secretary on the written request of any two (2) directors (unless there are less than two (2) directors at such time). Notice of special meetings of the Board shall be given to each director at least two (2) days before the date of the meeting in such manner as is determined by the Board. A written waiver of any such notice, signed by the director entitled hereto, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a director at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the director attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. 


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Section 3.08.Committees. The Board may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority in reference to the following matters: (i) approving or adopting, or recommending to the stockholders, any action or matter expressly required by the NRS to be submitted to the stockholders for approval, (ii) adopting, amending or repealing any bylaw of the Corporation, (iii) amending the Certificate, (iv) adopting an agreement of merger or consolidation, (v) recommending to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s property and assets, or (vi) recommending to the stockholders a dissolution of the Corporation or a revocation of a dissolution and unless the resolution of the Board or the Certificate expressly so provide, no such committee shall have the power or authority to declare a dividend or to authorize the issuance of stock. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board when required. 

 

Section 3.09.Action by Consent. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate or these bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board, or committee. Such filings shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form. 

 

Section 3.10.Telephonic or Electronic Meetings. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate or these bylaws, members of the Board, or any committee designated by the Board, may participate in a meeting of the Board, or such committee, as the case may be, by means of conference telephone, remote communication, or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear, speak, and/or communicate with each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting. 

 

Section 3.11.Resignation. Any director may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board or to the Secretary of the Corporation. The resignation of any director shall take effect upon receipt of notice thereof or at such later time as shall be specified in such notice; and unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. 

 

Section 3.12.Vacancies. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate, vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors to be elected by all the stockholders having the right to vote as a single class may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, even if less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Each director so chosen shall hold office until his or her successor is elected and qualified, or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. If there are no directors in office, then an election of directors may be held in accordance with the NRS. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate, when one or more directors shall resign from the Board, effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office shall have the power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective, and each director so chosen shall hold office as provided in the filling of other vacancies. 

 

Section 3.13.Removal. Any and all directors may be removed, with or without cause, at any time by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote and the vacancies thus created may be filled in accordance with Section 3.12 herein. 

 

Section 3.14.Compensation. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate or these bylaws, the Board shall have authority to fix the compensation of directors, including fees and reimbursement of expenses. 


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ARTICLE IV

 

OFFICERS

 

Section 4.01.Principal Officers. The principal officers of the Corporation shall be a President, one or more Vice Presidents, a Treasurer and a Secretary who shall have the duty, among other things, to record the proceedings of the meetings of stockholders and directors in a book kept for that purpose. The Corporation may also have such other principal officers as the Board may in its discretion appoint. One person may hold the offices and perform the duties of any two or more of said offices. 

 

Section 4.02.Election, Term of Office and Remuneration. The principal officers of the Corporation shall be elected annually by the Board at the annual meeting thereof. Each such officer shall hold office until his or her successor is elected and qualified, or until his or her earlier death, resignation or removal. The remuneration of all officers of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board. Any vacancy in any office shall be filled in such manner as the Board shall determine. 

 

Section 4.03.Subordinate Officers. In addition to the principal officers enumerated in Section 4.01 herein, the Corporation may have one or more Assistant Treasurers or Assistant Secretaries and such other subordinate officers, agents and employees as the Board may deem necessary, each of whom shall hold office for such period as the Board may from time to time determine. The Board may delegate to any principal officer the power to appoint and to remove any such subordinate officers, agents or employees. 

 

Section 4.04.Removal. Except as otherwise permitted with respect to subordinate officers, any officer may be removed, with or without cause, at any time, by resolution adopted by the Board. 

 

Section 4.05.Resignations. Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Board (or to a principal officer if the Board has delegated to such principal officer the power to appoint and to remove such officer). The resignation of any officer shall take effect upon receipt of notice thereof or at such later time as shall be specified in such notice; and unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. 

 

Section 4.06.Powers and Duties. The officers of the Corporation shall have such powers and perform such duties incident to each of their respective offices and such other duties as may from time to time be conferred upon or assigned to them by the Board. 

 

ARTICLE V

 

EXECUTION OF INSTRUMENTS AND DEPOSIT OF CORPORATE FUNDS

 

Section 5.01.Execution of Instruments Generally. The Board may authorize any officer or officers, or agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute and deliver any instrument in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, and such authorization may be general or confined to specific instances. 

 

Section 5.02.Borrowing. No loans or advance shall be obtained or contracted for, by or on behalf of the Corporation and no negotiable paper shall be issued in its name, unless and except as authorized by the Board. Such authorization may be general or confined to specific instances. Any officer or agent of the Corporation thereunto so authorized may obtain loans and advances for the Corporation, and for such loans and advances may make, execute and deliver promissory notes, bonds, or other evidences of indebtedness of the Corporation. Any officer or agent of the Corporation thereunto so authorized may pledge, hypothecate or transfer as security for the payment of any and all loans, advances, indebtedness and liabilities of the Corporation, any and all stocks, bonds, other securities and other personal property at any time held by the Corporation, and to that end may endorse, assign and deliver the same and do every act and thing necessary or proper in connection therewith. 

 

Section 5.03.Deposits. All funds of the Corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited from time to time to its credit in such banks or trust companies or with such bankers or other depositories as the Board may select, or as may be selected by any officer or officers or agent or agents authorized so to do by the Board. Endorsements for deposit to the credit of the Corporation in any of its duly authorized depositories shall be made in such manner as the Board from time to time may determine. 

 

Section 5.04.Proxies. Proxies to vote with respect to shares of stock of other corporations owned by or standing in the name of the Corporation may be executed and delivered from time to time on behalf of the Corporation by the President or by any other person or persons thereunto authorized by the Board. 

 

Section 5.04Checks. All checks or demands for money and notes of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or persons as the Board may from time to time designate. 


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Section 5.06.Other Contracts and Instruments. All other contracts and instruments binding the Corporation shall be executed in the name and on the behalf of the Corporation by those officers, employees or agents of the Corporation as may be authorized by the Board, which authorization may be general or confirmed to specific instances. 

 

ARTICLE VI

 

CERTIFICATES OF STOCK

 

Section 6.01.Form and Execution of Certificates. The interest of each stockholder of the Corporation shall be evidenced by a certificate or certificates for shares of stock in such form as the Board may from time to time prescribe. The certificates of stock of each class shall be consecutively numbered and signed by the president or vice-president, and by the treasurer or an assistant treasurer, or the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Corporation. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. The Board shall have the power to appoint one or more transfer agents and/or registrars for the transfer or registration of certificates of stock of any class, and may require stock certificates to be countersigned or registered by one or more of such transfer agents and/or registrars. 

 

Section 6.02.Transfer of Shares. The shares of the stock of the Corporation shall be transferrable on the books of the Corporation by the holder thereof in person or by his or her attorney lawfully constituted, upon surrender for cancellation of certificates for the same number of shares, with an assignment and power of transfer endorsed thereon or attached thereto, duly executed, with such proof or guaranty of the authenticity of the signature as the Corporation or its agents may reasonably require. A record shall be made of each transfer. The Board shall have the power and authority to make such rules and regulations as it may deem necessary or proper concerning the issue, transfer and registration of certificates for shares of stock of the Corporation. 

 

Section 6.03.Closing of Transfer Books. The stock transfer books of the Corporation may, if deemed appropriate by the Board, be closed for such length of time not exceeding fifty (50) days as the Board may determine, preceding the date of any meeting of stockholders or the date for the payment of any dividend or the date for the allotment of rights or the date when the issuance, change, conversion or exchange of capital stock shall go into effect, during which time no transfer of stock on the books of the Corporation may be made. 

 

Section 6.04.Lost or Destroyed Certificates. A new certificate of stock may be issued in the place of any certificate previously issued by the Corporation, alleged to have been lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated, and the Board may, in its discretion, require the owner of such lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated certificate, or his or her legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond, in such sum as the Board may direct, in order to indemnify the Corporation against any claims that may be made against it in connection therewith. 

 

Section 6.05.Consideration and Payment. The capital stock may be issued for such consideration, not less than the par value of any such stock expressed in dollars, as shall be fixed by the Board. Payment of such consideration may be made, in whole or in part, in money, other tangible or intangible property, labor or services performed.  


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ARTICLE VII

 

LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION

 

Section 7.01. Limitation of Liability. To the fullest extent permitted by the NRS, no director of the Corporation shall be liable to the Corporation or its shareholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director.

 

Section 7.02. Indemnification. Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (hereinafter a “Proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he or she (or a person of whom he or she is the legal representative), is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or a director (or member of a similar governing body) or officer of any of its subsidiaries (any of the foregoing persons, a “Mandatory Indemnitee”) shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent which it is empowered to do so by the NRS, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said law permitted the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment) against all expense (including court costs, attorneys’ fees, witness fees, fines (including but not to excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan), amounts paid in settlement or judgment and any other costs and expenses of any nature or kind incurred in connection with any Proceeding), liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such Proceeding) and such indemnification shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and administrators; provided, however, that, except as provided in Section 7.03, the Corporation shall indemnify any such person seeking indemnification in connection with a Proceeding initiated by such person only if such Proceeding was authorized by the Board. The right to indemnification conferred in this Article VII shall be a contract right and, subject to Sections 7.03 and 7.06, shall include the right to payment by the Corporation of the expenses incurred in defending any such Proceeding in advance of its final disposition. The Corporation may, by action of the Board, provide indemnification to any person who is or was serving as an employee, fiduciary or agent of the Corporation, or any person other than a Mandatory Indemnitee who is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, fiduciary or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to employee benefit plans (whether the basis of such Proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee, fiduciary or agent or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, employee, fiduciary or agent) (any of the foregoing persons, an “Optional Indemnitee”) with the same scope and effect as the foregoing indemnification of Mandatory Indemnitees.

 

Section 7.03.Procedure for Indemnification. Any indemnification of any Mandatory Indemnitee described in Section 7.02 or advance of expenses under Section 7.06 shall be made promptly, and in any event within thirty (30) days, upon the written request of the Mandatory Indemnitee. If a determination by the Corporation that the Mandatory Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification pursuant of this Article VII is required, and the Corporation fails to respond within sixty (60) days to a written request for indemnity, the Corporation shall be deemed to have approved the request. If the Corporation denies a written request for indemnification or advancing of expenses, in whole or in part, or if payment in full pursuant to such request is not made within thirty (30) days, the right to indemnification or advances as granted by this Article VII shall be enforceable by the Mandatory Indemnitee in any court of competent jurisdiction. Such person’s costs and expenses incurred in connection with successfully establishing his or her right to indemnification, in whole or in part, in any such action shall also be indemnified by the Corporation. It shall be a defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim for expenses incurred in defending any Proceeding in advance of its final disposition where the required undertaking, if any, has been tendered to the Corporation) that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct which make it permissible under the NRS for the Corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed, but the burden of such defense shall be on the Corporation. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including the Board, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he or she has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the NRS, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including its Board, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct. 

 

Section 7.04.Nonexclusively of Article VII. The rights to indemnification and the payment of expenses incurred in defending a Proceeding in advance of its final disposition conferred in this Article VII shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the certificate of incorporation, by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise. 

 

Section 7.05.Insurance. The Corporation shall purchase and maintain, or shall cause to be purchased and maintained, insurance on its own behalf and on behalf of any Mandatory Indemnitee or Optional Indemnitee, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under this Article VII


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Section 7.06.Expenses. The Corporation shall advance to any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed Proceeding, by reason of the fact that he is or was a Mandatory Indemnitee prior to the final disposition of the Proceeding, promptly following request therefor, all expenses incurred by such Mandatory Indemnitee in connection with such Proceeding, provided, however, that, if the NRS requires, an advancement of expenses incurred by a Mandatory Indemnitee in his or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in any other capacity in which service was or is rendered by such Mandatory Indemnitee, including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking, by or on behalf of such Mandatory Indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal that such Mandatory Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses under this Article VII or otherwise. Such expenses described in the preceding sentence incurred by Optional Indemnitees may also be so paid and advanced upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the Board deems appropriate. 

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, no advance shall be made by the Corporation to an officer of the Corporation (except by reason of the fact that such officer is or was a director of the Corporation, in which event this paragraph shall not apply) in any Proceeding, if a determination is reasonably and promptly made (i) by a majority vote of directors who were not parties to the Proceeding, even if not a quorum, or (ii) by a committee of such directors designated by a majority of such directors, even though less than a quorum, or (iii) if there are no such directors, or such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, that the facts known to the decision-making party at the time such determination is made demonstrate clearly and convincingly that such person acted in bad faith or in a manner that such person did not believe to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation.

 

Section 7.07.Contract Rights. The provisions of this Article VII shall be deemed to be a contract right between the Corporation and each Mandatory Indemnitee who serves in any applicable capacity at any time while this Article VII and the relevant provisions of the NRS or other applicable law are in effect, and any repeal or modification of this Article VII or any such law shall not affect any rights or obligations then existing with respect to any state of facts or Proceeding then existing. 

 

Section 7.08. Merger or Consolidation. For purposes of this Article VII, references to “the Corporation” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, employees, fiduciaries and agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee, fiduciary or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee, fiduciary or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under this Article VII with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he or she would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.

 

Section 7.09. Effect of Repeal, Amendment or Modification. Any repeal, amendment or modification of this Article VII shall be prospective only and shall not adversely affect any right or protection of, or any limitation of the liability of, any director of the Corporation or other Mandatory Indemnitee existing at, or arising out of facts or incidents occurring prior to, the effective date of such repeal, amendment or modification.

 

ARTICLES VIII

 

GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

Section 8.01.Dividends. Subject to limitations contained in the NRS and the Certificate, the Board may declare and pay dividends upon the shares of capital stock of the Corporation. Dividends may be paid in cash, in shares of the Corporation’s capital stock or in the Corporation’s bonds or property, including the shares or bonds of other corporations or entities, subject to any provisions of law and of the Certificate. Before payment of any dividend, the Board may set aside out of any funds available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board, in its absolute discretion, deems proper as a reserve fund to meet contingencies or for equalizing dividends or to repair or maintain property or to serve such other purposes conducive to the interests of the Corporation 

 

Section 8.02.Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall end on December 31 of each year unless otherwise determined by resolution of the Board. 

 

Section 8.03.Seal. The Board, in its discretion, may adopt a corporate seal for the Corporation. The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any manner reproduced. 

 

Section 8.04.Voting of Stock Owned by the Corporation. The Board may authorize any person, on behalf of the Corporation, to attend, vote at and grant proxies to be used at any meeting of stockholders of any corporation (except this Corporation) in which the Corporation may hold stock. 


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Section 8.05Notice.  

 

(a)Whenever notice is required to be given by law, the Certificate or these bylaws, such notice may be mailed or given by a form of electronic transmission consented to by the person to whom the notice is given. Any such consent shall be revocable by such person by written notice to the Corporation. Any such consent shall be deemed revoked if (a) the Corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two consecutive notices in accordance with such consent and (b) such inability becomes known to the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation or to the transfer agent or other person responsible for the giving of notice; provided, however, the inadvertent failure to treat such inability as a revocation shall not invalidate any meeting or other action. 

 

(b)Notice given pursuant to these bylaws shall be deemed given: (i) if mailed, when deposited in the United States mail, postage pre-paid, addressed to the person entitled to such notice at his or her address as it appears on the books and records of the Corporation, (ii) if by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number at which such person has consented to receive notice; (iii) if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which such person has consented to receive notice; (iv) if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to such person of such specific posting, upon the later of (A) such posting and (B) the giving of such separate notice; and (v) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to such person. An affidavit of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or of the transfer agent or other agent of the Corporation that the notice has been given by a form of electronic transmission shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated herein. 

 

(c)For purposes of these bylaws, “electronic transmission” means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved, and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process. 

 

Section 8.06.Waiver of Notice. Whenever notice is required to be given by law, the Certificate or these bylaws, a waiver thereof submitted by electronic transmission or in writing signed by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of an individual at a meeting, in person, by written proxy, or by means of remote communication, shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened, and the execution by a person of a consent in writing or by electronic transmission in lieu of meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of the action taken by such consent. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any meeting of the stockholders, directors, or members of a committee of the Board need be specified in any such waiver or notice. 

 

Section 8.07.Counterparts. The Corporation, through its authorized representatives, the Board and the stockholders shall have the power to execute all instruments, including without limitation, consents of the Board, consents of the stockholders, and agreements of the Corporation, in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. A facsimile, telecopy or other reproduction of such instrument may be executed by one or more parties thereto, and an executed copy of such instrument may be delivered by one or more parties thereto by facsimile or similar instantaneous electronic transmission device pursuant to which the signature of or on behalf of such party can be seen, and such execution and delivery shall be considered valid, binding and effective for all purposes as of the date first written in such instrument. 

 

Section 8.08.Interpretation. The headings of the Articles and Sections of these bylaws are inserted for convenience only and shall not affect the construction or interpretation of these bylaws. Whenever the words “include,” “includes” or “including” are used in these bylaws, they will be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation.” Unless the context of a provision of these bylaws requires otherwise, (i) “or” is disjunctive but not necessarily exclusive, (ii) words in the singular include the plural and vice versa, and (iii) the use in these bylaws of a pronoun in reference to a party hereto includes the masculine, feminine or neuter, as the context may require. 

 

Section 8.09.Amendments. These bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed and new bylaws may be adopted by the Corporation’s stockholders, or the Board when such power is conferred upon the Board by the Certificate, at any meeting of stockholders or the Board, as applicable. If the power to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws is conferred upon the Board by the Certificate, it shall not divest or limit the power of the stockholder to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws. 


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