POWER OF ATTORNEY

For Executing Forms 3, 4 and 5

Know all by these present,  that the undersigned  hereby constitutes and
appoints each John L. MacCarthy,  Gifford R. Zimmerman, Stuart J. Cohen,
Larry W. Martin, Kevin J. McCarthy and Mary E. Keefe, his/her true and
lawful attorney-in-fact to:

(1)  execute for and on behalf of the  undersigned  Forms 3, 4 and 5
     (and any amendments  thereto) in connection with Nuveen
     Invesments, Inc. and Nuveen Investments Closed End Exchange
     Traded Funds and in accordance with the requirements  of Section
     16(a) of the Securities  Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 30(f)
     of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules thereunder

(2)  do and  perform  any and all acts for and on behalf  of the
     undersigned  which may be  necessary  or  desirable  in connection
     with the execution  and timely  filing of any such Form 3, 4 and 5
     (and any amendment  thereto) with the United States Securities and
     Exchange Commission, the New York Stock Exchange and any other
     authority; and

(3)  take any other  action of any type  whatsoever  in  connection
     with the  foregoing  which,  in the  opinion of such attorney-in-
     fact, may be of benefit to, in the best interest of, or legally
     required by, the undersigned, it being understood that the
     documents executed by such  attorney-in-fact  on behalf of the
     undersigned  pursuant to this Power of Attorney  shall be in such
     form and shall contain such terms and conditions as such
     attorney-in-fact may approve in his/her discretion.

The undersigned hereby grants to each such attorney-in-fact full power and
authority to do and perform each and every act and thing whatsoever requisite,
necessary and proper to be done in the exercise of any of the rights and
power herein granted, as fully to all intents and purposes as such attorney-
in-fact might or could do if personally present,  with the full power of
substitute,by virtue of this power of attorney and the rights and powers
herein granted. The undersigned acknowledges that the foregoingattorneys-
in-fact,in  serving  in such  capacity  at the  request  of the
undersigned,  are not  assuming  any of the  undersigned's
responsibilities  to comply with Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934 and Section 30(f) of the Investment Company Act of 1940.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has caused this Power of Attorney to be
executed as of this 6 day of September 2007.


         /s/ Mark Anson
Signature

          Mark Anson
  Print Name

STATE OF ILLINOIS                   )
                                    )
COUNTY OF COOK                      )


On this 6 day of September 2007,  personally  appeared before me, a Notary
Public in and for said County and State, the person named above who is
known to me to be the person whose name and signature is affixed to the
foregoing  Power of Attorney and who  acknowledged  the same to be his
voluntary act and deed for the intent and purposes therein set forth.



/s/ Jose A. Visaya
 Notary Public
My Commission Expires: 5-15-2009