EX-3.2 3 v318877_ex3-2.htm EXHIBIT 3.2

Exhibit 3.2

CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATIONS, PREFERENCES
AND RIGHTS OF SERIES A CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK
OF VRINGO, INC.

Vringo, Inc. (the "Corporation"), a corporation organized and existing under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "DGCL"), does hereby certify that, pursuant to authority conferred upon the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the "Board") by the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of the Corporation, and pursuant to Sections 151 and 141 of the DGCL, the Board adopted resolutions (i) designating a series of the Corporation's previously authorized preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, and (ii) providing for the designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, of six thousand nine hundred and sixty eight (6,968) shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of the Corporation, as follows:

RESOLVED, that the Corporation is authorized to issue six thousand nine hundred and sixty eight (6,968) shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (the "Series A Preferred Stock"), par value $0.01 per share, which shall have the following powers, designations, preferences and other special rights:

1. Designation and Amount. The class of preferred stock hereby classified shall be designated the "Series A Preferred Stock". The initial number of authorized shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be six thousand nine hundred and sixty eight (6,968), which shall not be subject to increase without the consent of the holders of a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock. Each share of the Series A Preferred Stock shall have a par value of $0.01.

2. Ranking. The Series A Preferred Stock shall rank prior and superior to all of the common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Corporation ("Common Stock") and any other capital stock of the Corporation (other than the Series A Preferred Stock) with respect to the preferences as to dividends, distributions and payments upon the liquidation, dissolution and winding up of the Corporation. The rights of the shares of Common Stock and other capital stock of the Corporation (other than the Series A Preferred Stock) shall be subject to the preferences and relative rights of the Series A Preferred Stock.

3. Dividends. From and after the first date of issuance of any shares of Series A Preferred Stock (the "Initial Issuance Date"), the holders of Series A Preferred Stock (each, a "Holder" and collectively, the "Holders") shall be entitled to receive such dividends paid and distributions made to the holders of Common Stock, which right shall be prior to the rights of the holders of capital stock of the Corporation, including the Common Stock, junior in rank to the Series A Preferred Stock in respect of the preferences as to distributions and payments upon a Liquidation Event (such stock, including the Common Stock, being referred to hereinafter collectively as "Junior Stock") (if any) (but after and subject to the rights of holders of Senior Preferred Stock (as defined below), if any, and pari passu to the rights of holders of capital stock of the Corporation pari passu in rank to the Series A Preferred Stock in respect of the preferences as to distributions and payments upon a Liquidation Event (such stock being referred to hereinafter collectively as "Pari Passu Stock") (if any)), to the same extent as if such Holders had converted the Series A Preferred Stock into Common Stock (without regard to any limitations on conversion herein or elsewhere) and had held such shares of Common Stock on the record date for such dividends and distributions (provided, however, to the extent that a Holder's right to participate in any such dividend or distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Maximum Percentage (as defined below), then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such dividend or distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such dividend or distribution to such extent) and the portion of such dividend or distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Maximum Percentage, at which time such Holder shall be delivered such dividend or distribution to the extent as if there had been no such limitation). Payments under the preceding sentence shall be made concurrently with the dividend or distribution to the holders of Common Stock. Following the occurrence of a Liquidation Event (as defined below) and the payment in full to a Holder of its applicable liquidation preference, other than as set forth in Section 4 below, such Holder shall cease to have any rights hereunder to participate in any future dividends or distributions made to the holders of Common Stock. The Corporation shall not declare or pay any dividends on any other shares of Junior Stock or any Pari Passu Stock unless the holders of Series A Preferred Stock then outstanding shall simultaneously receive a dividend on a pro rata basis as if the shares of Series A Preferred Stock had been converted into shares of Common Stock pursuant to Section 7 immediately prior to the record date for determining the stockholders eligible to receive such dividends.

4. Liquidation Preference. Upon any Liquidation Event, the Holders shall be entitled to be paid out of the assets of the Corporation available for distribution to its stockholders, after and subject to the payment in full of all amounts required to be distributed to the holders of any other Preferred Stock of the Corporation ranking on liquidation prior and in preference to the Series A Preferred Stock (such Preferred Stock being referred to hereinafter as "Senior Preferred Stock") upon such liquidation, dissolution or winding up, but before any payment shall be made to the holders of Junior Stock, an amount in cash equal to the Stated Value. If upon any such Liquidation Event, the remaining assets of the Corporation available for the distribution to its stockholders after payment in full of amounts required to be paid or distributed to holders of Senior Preferred Stock shall be insufficient to pay the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock the full amount to which they shall be entitled, the holders of shares of Series A Preferred Stock and any class of stock ranking on liquidation on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, shall share ratably in any distribution of the remaining assets and funds of the Corporation in proportion to the respective amounts which would otherwise be payable in respect to the shares held by them upon such distribution if all amounts payable on or with respect to said shares were paid in full. For purposes of this Certificate of Designations, the term "Stated Value" shall mean one thousand dollars ($1,000) per share, subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations, reorganizations, reclassifications, combinations, reverse stock splits or other similar events relating to the Series A Preferred Stock after the Initial Issuance Date. For purposes of this Certificate of Designations, a "Liquidation Event" means the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation or its Subsidiaries, the assets of which constitute all or substantially all of the assets of the business of the Corporation and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole, in a single transaction or series of transactions.

5. Fundamental Transactions; Put Triggering Event.

(a) Certain definitions. For purposes of this Certificate of Designations, the following definitions shall apply:

(i) "Business Day" means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed.

(ii) "Cash Conversion Amount" means the product of (A) the percentage of the consideration in the Put Triggering Event (in relation to all consideration being paid in such Put Triggering Event) being paid in cash multiplied by (B) the Conversion Amount as to which a Put Triggering Event Redemption Notice is being delivered.

(iii) "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

(iv) "Eligible Market" means The New York Stock Exchange, Inc., the NYSE MKT, The NASDAQ Global Select Market, The NASDAQ Global Market or The NASDAQ Capital Market.

(v) "Change of Control" means any Fundamental Transaction other than (A) any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of the Common Stock in which holders of the Corporation's voting power immediately prior to such reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification continue after such reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification to hold publicly traded securities and, directly or indirectly, the voting power of the surviving entity or entities necessary to elect a majority of the members of the board of directors (or their equivalent if other than a corporation) of such entity or entities, or (B) pursuant to a migratory merger effected solely for the purpose of changing the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Corporation.

(vi) "Eligible Successor Common Stock" means common stock of a Successor Entity that is a publicly traded corporation, whose common stock is quoted or listed for trading on an Eligible Market, and that assumes in writing all obligations of the Corporation under this Certificate of Designations in accordance with Section 5(b) hereof such that the applicable Series A Preferred Stock shall be convertible into publicly traded common stock (or its equivalent) of such Successor Entity.

(vii) "Fundamental Transaction" means that the Corporation shall (or in the case of clause (F) any "person" or "group" (as these terms are used for purposes of Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act)), directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions, (A) consolidate or merge with or into (whether or not the Corporation is the surviving corporation) another entity, or (B) sell, assign, transfer, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the properties or assets of the Corporation to another entity, or (C) allow another entity or entities to make a purchase, tender or exchange offer that is accepted by the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of Voting Stock (not including any shares of Voting Stock held by the entity or entities making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the entity or entities making or party to, such purchase, tender or exchange offer), or (D) consummate a stock purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or scheme of arrangement) with another entity whereby such other entity acquires more than the 50% of the outstanding shares of Voting Stock (not including any shares of Voting Stock held by the other entity or other entities making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other entities making or party to, such stock purchase agreement or other business combination), or (E) reorganize, recapitalize or reclassify its Common Stock, or (F) become the "beneficial owner" (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the aggregate ordinary voting power represented by issued and outstanding Voting Stock.

(viii) "Parent Entity" of a Person means an entity that, directly or indirectly, controls the applicable Person and whose common stock or equivalent equity security is quoted or listed on an Eligible Market, or, if there is more than one such Person or Parent Entity, the Person or Parent Entity with the largest public market capitalization as of the date of consummation of the Fundamental Transaction.

(ix) "Put Triggering Event" means any Change of Control other than one in which a Successor Entity that is a publicly traded corporation, whose common stock is quoted or listed for trading on an Eligible Market, assumes in writing all obligations of the Corporation under this Certificate of Designations in accordance with Section 5(b) hereof such that the Series A Preferred Stock shall be convertible into publicly traded common stock (or its equivalent) of such Successor Entity.

(x) "Required Holders" means the holders of record of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock.

(xi) "Securities Conversion Amount" means the product of (A) the percentage of the consideration in the Put Triggering Event (in relation to all consideration being paid in such Put Triggering Event) being paid in securities (other than in Eligible Successor Common Stock) multiplied by (B) the Conversion Amount as to which a Put Triggering Event Redemption Notice is being delivered.

(xii) "Successor Entity" means the Person, which may be the Corporation, formed by, resulting from or surviving any Fundamental Transaction or the Person with which such Fundamental Transaction shall have been made, provided that if such Person is not a publicly traded entity whose common stock or equivalent equity security is quoted or listed for trading on an Eligible Market, Successor Entity shall mean such Person's Parent Entity.

(xiii) "Successor Entity Conversion Amount" means the product of (A) the percentage of the consideration in the Put Triggering Event (in relation to all consideration being paid in such Put Triggering Event) being paid in Eligible Successor Common Stock multiplied by (B) the Conversion Amount as to which a Put Triggering Event Redemption Notice is being delivered.

(xiv) "Trading Day" means any day on which the Common Stock is traded on the Principal Market, or, if the Principal Market is not the principal trading market for the Common Stock, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market on which the shares of Common Stock are then traded; provided that "Trading Day" shall not include any day on which the shares of Common Stock are scheduled to trade on such exchange or market for less than 4.5 hours or any day that the shares of Common Stock are suspended from trading during the final hour of trading on such exchange or market (or if such exchange or market does not designate in advance the closing time of trading on such exchange or market, then during the hour ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York Time).

(xv) "Voting Stock" means capital stock of the class or classes pursuant to which the holders thereof have the general voting power to elect or the general power to appoint, at least a majority of the board of directors, managers or trustees thereof (irrespective of whether or not at the time capital stock of any other class or classes shall have or might have voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency).

(b) Assumption. The Corporation shall not enter into or be party to a Fundamental Transaction unless (i) the Successor Entity assumes in writing all of the obligations of the Corporation under this Certificate of Designations in accordance with the provisions of this Section 5 pursuant to written agreements in form and substance satisfactory to the Required Holders and approved by the Required Holders prior to such Fundamental Transaction, including agreements to deliver to each Holder of Series A Preferred Stock in exchange for such Series A Preferred Stock a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Certificate of Designations including, without limitation, having a stated value equal to the Stated Value of the Series A Preferred Stock held by such Holder and having similar ranking to the Series A Preferred Stock, and satisfactory to the Required Holders and (ii) the Successor Entity (including its Parent Entity) is a publicly traded corporation whose common stock is quoted on or listed for trading on an Eligible Market. Upon the occurrence of any Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Certificate of Designations referring to the "Corporation" shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Corporation and shall assume all of the obligations of the Corporation under this Certificate of Designations with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Corporation herein. Upon consummation of the Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall deliver to the Holder confirmation that there shall be issued upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock at any time after the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction, in lieu of the shares of Common Stock (or other securities, cash, assets or other property) issuable upon the conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitations on the conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock), such shares of publicly traded common stock (or their equivalent) of the Successor Entity, as adjusted in accordance with the provisions of this Certificate of Designations, which the Holder would have been entitled to receive had such Holder converted the Series A Preferred Stock in full (without regard to any limitations on conversion, including without limitation, the Maximum Percentage) immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (provided, however, to the extent that a Holder’s right to receive any such shares of publicly traded common stock (or their equivalent) of the Successor Entity would result in the Holder exceeding the Maximum Percentage, then the Holder shall not be entitled to receive such shares to such extent (or to beneficially own any shares of publicly traded common stock (or their equivalent) of the Successor Entity as a result of such consideration to such extent) and the portion of such shares shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Maximum Percentage, at which time such Holder shall be delivered such shares to the extent as if there had been no such limitation). The provisions of this Section shall apply similarly and equally to successive Fundamental Transactions and shall be applied without regard to any limitations on the conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock.

(c) Put Triggering Event. No sooner than fifteen (15) days nor later than ten (10) days prior to the consummation of a Change of Control, but not prior to the public announcement of such Change of Control, the Corporation shall deliver written notice thereof via facsimile and overnight courier to the Holders (a "Change of Control Notice"). At any time during the period beginning after a Holder's receipt of a Change of Control Notice with respect to a Put Triggering Event and ending on the date that is twenty (20) Trading Days after such Put Triggering Event, such Holder may require the Corporation to redeem all or any portion of such Holder's Series A Preferred Stock by delivering (such date of delivery, the "Put Triggering Event Redemption Notice Date") written notice thereof ("Put Triggering Event Redemption Notice") to the Corporation, which Put Triggering Event Redemption Notice shall indicate the Conversion Amount the Holder is electing to be redeemed and/or assumed as provided below. Any Series A Preferred Stock subject to redemption pursuant to this Section 5(c) shall be redeemed by the Corporation in cash at a price equal to (I) in the event of a Put Triggering Event that provides for cash payments to the Corporation or the equity holders of the Corporation, the greater of (i) 100% of the Cash Conversion Amount and (ii) the product of (x) the Conversion Rate in effect at such time as the Holder delivers a Put Triggering Event Redemption Notice with respect to such Cash Conversion Amount and (y) the highest amount of cash consideration to be paid to a holder of one share of Common Stock upon consummation of such Put Triggering Event (or, if such cash consideration is paid to the Corporation, that would be payable to a holder of one share of Common Stock after consummation of such Put Triggering Event and distribution of such cash by the Corporation to its holders of Common Stock), (II) in the event of a Put Triggering Event that provides for payments in securities (other than in Eligible Successor Common Stock) to the Corporation or the equity holders of the Corporation, the greater of (i) 100% of the Securities Conversion Amount and (ii) the product of (x) the Conversion Rate in effect at such time as the Holder delivers a Put Triggering Event Redemption Notice with respect to such Securities Conversion Amount and (y) the last Closing Sale Price of the Common Stock in effect immediately prior to the consummation of the Put Triggering Event (the "Put Triggering Event Redemption Price"), and (III) in the event of a Triggering Event that provides for payments in Eligible Successor Common Stock to the Corporation or the equity holders of the Corporation, the Successor Entity shall assume the Successor Entity Conversion Amount in accordance with the provisions of Section 5(b) above. Upon the Corporation's receipt of a Put Triggering Event Redemption Notice(s) from any Holder, the Corporation shall within one (1) Business Day of such receipt notify each other Holder by facsimile of the Corporation's receipt of such notice(s). The Corporation shall make payment of the Put Triggering Event Redemption Price concurrently with the consummation of such Put Triggering Event to all Holders that deliver a Put Triggering Event Redemption Notice prior to the consummation of such Put Triggering Event and within five (5) Trading Days after the Corporation's receipt of such notice otherwise (the "Put Triggering Event Redemption Date"). To the extent redemptions required by this Section 5(c) are deemed or determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be prepayments of the Series A Preferred Stock by the Corporation, such redemptions shall be deemed to be voluntary prepayments. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 5(c), until the Put Triggering Event Redemption Price (together with any interest thereon) is paid in full, the Conversion Amount submitted for redemption under this Section 5(c) may be converted, in whole or in part, by the Holder into shares of Common Stock, or in the event the Conversion Date is after the consummation of the Put Triggering Event, shares or equity interests of the Successor Entity substantially equivalent to the Corporation's Common Stock pursuant to Section 7(c)(i). The Holders and the Corporation agree that in the event of the Corporation's redemption of any Series A Preferred Stock under this Section 5(c), the Holder's damages would be uncertain and difficult to estimate because of the parties' inability to predict future dividend rates and the uncertainty of the availability of a suitable substitute investment opportunity for the Holder. Accordingly, any redemption premium due under this Section 5(c) is intended by the parties to be, and shall be deemed, a reasonable estimate of the Holder's actual loss of its investment opportunity and not as a penalty. In the event that the Corporation does not pay the Put Triggering Event Redemption Price on the Put Triggering Event Redemption Date, then the Holder shall have the right to void the redemption pursuant to Section 5(d).

(d) Void Redemption. In the event that the Corporation does not pay a Put Triggering Event Redemption Price within the time period set forth in this Certificate of Designations, at any time thereafter and until the Corporation pays such unpaid applicable Put Triggering Event Redemption Price in full, a Holder shall have the option to, in lieu of redemption, require the Corporation to promptly return to such Holder any or all of the Series A Preferred Stock that were submitted for redemption by such Holder and for which the applicable Put Triggering Event Redemption Price has not been paid, by sending written notice thereof to the Corporation via facsimile (the "Void Redemption Notice"). Upon the Corporation's receipt of such Void Redemption Notice, (i) the applicable Redemption Notice shall be null and void with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock subject to the Void Redemption Notice, (ii) the Corporation shall immediately return any Series A Preferred Stock subject to the Void Redemption Notice, and (iii) the Conversion Price of such returned Series A Preferred Stock shall be adjusted to the lesser of (A) the Conversion Price as in effect on the date on which the Void Redemption Notice is delivered to the Corporation and (B) the lowest Weighted Average Price of the Common Stock during the period beginning on the date on which the applicable Redemption Notice is delivered to the Corporation and ending on the date on which the Void Redemption Notice is delivered to the Corporation, as applicable, subject to further adjustment as provided in this Certificate of Designations.

(e) Disputes. In the event of a dispute as to the determination of the arithmetic calculation of the Put Triggering Event Redemption Price, such dispute shall be resolved pursuant to Section 7(e) with the term " Put Triggering Event Redemption Price " being substituted for the term "Conversion Rate". A Holder's delivery of a Void Redemption Notice and exercise of its rights following such notice shall not effect the Corporation's obligations to make any payments which have accrued prior to the date of such notice.

6. Voting Rights.

(a) Certain definitions. For purposes of this Certificate of Designations, the following definitions shall apply:

(i) "Contingent Obligation" means, as to any Person, any direct or indirect liability, contingent or otherwise, of that Person with respect to any Indebtedness, lease, dividend or other obligation of another Person if the primary purpose or intent of the Person incurring such liability, or the primary effect thereof, is to provide assurance to the obligee of such liability that such liability will be paid or discharged, or that any agreements relating thereto will be complied with, or that the holders of such liability will be protected (in whole or in part) against loss with respect thereto.

(ii) "GAAP" means United States generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied.

(iii) "Indebtedness" of any Person means, without duplication (i) all indebtedness for borrowed money, (ii) all obligations issued, undertaken or assumed as the deferred purchase price of property or services, including (without limitation) "capital leases" in accordance with GAAP (other than trade payables entered into in the ordinary course of business), (iii) all reimbursement or payment obligations with respect to letters of credit, surety bonds and other similar instruments, (iv) all obligations evidenced by notes, bonds, debentures or similar instruments, including obligations so evidenced incurred in connection with the acquisition of property, assets or businesses, (v) all indebtedness created or arising under any conditional sale or other title retention agreement, or incurred as financing, in either case with respect to any property or assets acquired with the proceeds of such indebtedness (even though the rights and remedies of the seller or bank under such agreement in the event of default are limited to repossession or sale of such property), (vi) all monetary obligations under any leasing or similar arrangement which, in connection with GAAP, consistently applied for the periods covered thereby, is classified as a capital lease, (vii) all indebtedness referred to in clauses (i) through (vi) above secured by (or for which the holder of such Indebtedness has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured by) any mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest or other encumbrance upon or in any property or assets (including accounts and contract rights) owned by any Person, even though the Person which owns such assets or property has not assumed or become liable for the payment of such indebtedness, and (viii) all Contingent Obligations in respect of indebtedness or obligations of others of the kinds referred to in clauses (i) through (vii) above.

(iv) "Person" means an individual, a limited liability company, a partnership, a joint venture, a corporation, a trust, an unincorporated organization, any other entity and a government or any department or agency thereof.

(b) General. The Holders shall not be entitled to vote, except (i) as otherwise required by applicable law and (ii) subject to Section 7(i), that each issued and outstanding share of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to the number of votes equal to the number of shares of Common Stock into which each such share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible (as adjusted from time to time pursuant to Section 8 hereof), at each meeting of stockholders of the Corporation (or pursuant to any action by written consent) with respect to matters presented to the stockholders of the Corporation for their action or consideration in connection with (A) a Change of Control of the Corporation or (B) the issuance by the Corporation, directly or indirectly, in one or more transactions or series of transactions, of shares of Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities if, in the aggregate, the number of such shares of Common Stock together with the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion or exercise, as applicable, of such Options and Convertible Securities is more than 20% of the number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding prior to any such issuance (such issuance, the "Twenty Percent Issuance").

(c) Series A Preferred Stock Protective Provisions. In addition to any other rights provided by law, the Corporation shall not and shall not permit any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Corporation to, without first obtaining the affirmative vote or written consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock:

(i) increase the authorized number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock;

(ii) amend, alter or repeal the preferences, special rights or other powers of the Series A Preferred Stock so as to affect adversely the Series A Preferred Stock;

(iii) on or prior to the 18th month anniversary of the Initial Issuance Date, create, or authorize the creation of, or issue, or authorize the issuance of any debt security or any equity security or incur, or authorize the incurrence of any other Indebtedness, if such debt security, equity security or other Indebtedness is (A) one with preference or priority over the rights of the Series A Preferred Stock as to the right to either receive dividends or amounts distributable upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation and (B) issued or incurred with net proceeds to the Corporation or will have outstanding principal amount incurred plus accrued interest, as applicable, in an amount, individually or in the aggregate, more than $6,000,000 less the then outstanding principal amount of Vringo Notes (as defined in the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of March 12, 2012 (the "Subscription Date"), by and among Vringo, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Parent"), VIP Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned Subsidiary of Parent, and the Corporation; provided, that the Corporation and its Subsidiaries shall be permitted to incur Indebtedness, provided, that the liens or other encumbrances, if any, on such Indebtedness cover only assets acquired after the Initial Issuance Date, and the holder of such Indebtedness expressly subordinates to the Holders of the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to assets owned by the Corporation on or prior to the Initial Issuance Date pursuant to a subordination agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Required Holders; or

(iv) in any manner, issue or sell any rights, warrants or options to subscribe for or purchase shares of Common Stock or securities directly or indirectly convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of Common Stock at a price which varies or may vary with the market price of the shares of Common Stock, including by way of one or more reset(s) to any fixed price, unless the conversion, exchange or exercise price of any such security cannot be less than the then applicable Conversion Price. Nothing herein shall prevent the Corporation from consummating an acquisition that does not result in capital raising for the Corporation and/or any of its Subsidiaries where the purchase price with respect thereto is a fixed price determined on or prior to the consummation of such transaction based on an average of recent market prices prior to such consummation, but only if all parties to any agreement with respect to such transaction and all Persons that are entitled to receive any securities pursuant to any such agreement are prohibited from selling, directly or indirectly, all equity and equity linked securities of the Corporation at all times after commencement of negotiations with respect to any such transaction until the consummation of any such transaction.

7. Conversion. Subject to Section 7(i), each share of Series A Preferred Stock may be converted into shares of Common Stock at any time or times, at the option of any Holder as provided in this Section 7, provided, however, that in connection with any Liquidation Event, the right of conversion shall terminate at the close of business on the full business day next preceding the date fixed for the payment of any amounts distributable on liquidation to the holders of Series A Preferred Stock.

(a) Certain definitions. For purposes of this Certificate of Designations, the following definitions shall apply:

(i) "Bloomberg" means Bloomberg Financial Markets.

(ii) "Conversion Amount" means the Stated Value.

(iii) "Conversion Price" means $.33138918, subject to adjustment as provided herein.

(iv) "Subsidiary" means, with respect to the Corporation, any entity in which the Corporation, directly or indirectly, owns any of the capital stock or holds an equity or similar interest.

(v) "Weighted Average Price" means, for any security as of any date, the dollar volume-weighted average price for such security on the Principal Market during the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., New York City time, and ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York City time, as reported by Bloomberg through its "Volume at Price" function or, if the foregoing does not apply, the dollar volume-weighted average price of such security in the over-the-counter market on the electronic bulletin board for such security during the period beginning at 9:30:01 a.m., New York City time, and ending at 4:00:00 p.m., New York City time, as reported by Bloomberg, or, if no dollar volume-weighted average price is reported for such security by Bloomberg for such hours, the average of the highest closing bid price and the lowest closing ask price of any of the market makers for such security as reported in the "pink sheets" by Pink Sheets LLC (formerly the National Quotation Bureau, Inc.). If the Weighted Average Price cannot be calculated for such security on such date on any of the foregoing bases, the Weighted Average Price of such security on such date shall be the fair market value as mutually determined by the Corporation and the Required Holders. If the Corporation and the Required Holders are unable to agree upon the fair market value of the Common Stock, then such dispute shall be resolved pursuant to Section 7(e) below with the term "Weighted Average Price" being substituted for the term "Conversion Rate." All such determinations shall be appropriately adjusted for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination or other similar transaction during such period.

(b) Conversion. The number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of each share of Series A Preferred Stock pursuant to this Section 7 shall be determined according to the following formula (the "Conversion Rate"):

Conversion Amount
Conversion Price

No fractional shares of Common Stock are to be issued upon the conversion of any Series A Preferred Stock, but rather the number of shares of Common Stock to be issued shall be rounded up to the nearest whole number.

The applicable Conversion Rate and Conversion Price from time to time in effect is subject to adjustment as hereinafter provided.

(i) Holder's Delivery Requirements. To convert Series A Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock on any date (a "Conversion Date"), the Holder shall (A) transmit by facsimile (or otherwise deliver), for receipt on or prior to 11:59 p.m., New York City time, on such date, a copy of a properly completed notice of conversion executed by the registered Holder of the Series A Preferred Stock subject to such conversion in the form attached hereto as Exhibit I (the "Conversion Notice") to the Corporation and if the Corporation has appointed a registered transfer agent, the Corporations registered transfer agent (the "Transfer Agent") (if the Corporation does not have a registered transfer agent, references hereto to the "Transfer Agent" shall be deemed to be references to the Corporation) and (B) if required by Section 7(c)(iv), surrender to a common carrier for delivery to the Corporation as soon as practicable following such date the original certificates representing the Series A Preferred Stock being converted (or compliance with the procedures set forth in Section 11) (the "Preferred Stock Certificates").

(ii) Corporation's Response. Upon receipt by the Corporation of a copy of a Conversion Notice, the Corporation shall (A) as soon as practicable, but in any event within two (2) Trading Days, send, via facsimile, a confirmation of receipt of such Conversion Notice to such Holder and the Transfer Agent, if applicable, which confirmation shall constitute an instruction to the Transfer Agent to process such Conversion Notice in accordance with the terms herein and (B) on or before the third (3^rd) Trading Day following the date of receipt by the Corporation of such Conversion Notice (the "Share Delivery Date"), (1) provided the Transfer Agent is participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, credit such aggregate number of shares of Common Stock to which the Holder shall be entitled to the Holder's or its designee's balance account with DTC through its Deposit/Withdrawal At Custodian system, or (2) if the Transfer Agent is not participating in the DTC Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program, issue and deliver to the address as specified in the Conversion Notice, a certificate, registered in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of shares of Common Stock to which the Holder shall be entitled. If the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock represented by the Preferred Stock Certificate(s) submitted for conversion, as may be required pursuant to Section 7(c)(iv), is greater than the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock being converted, then the Corporation shall, as soon as practicable and in no event later than five (5) Business Days after receipt of the Preferred Stock Certificate(s) (the "Preferred Stock Delivery Date") and at its own expense, issue and deliver to the Holder a new Preferred Stock Certificate representing the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock not converted.

(iii) Corporation's Failure to Timely Convert.

(A) Cash Damages. If within three (3) Trading Days after the Corporation's receipt of the facsimile copy of a Conversion Notice the Corporation shall fail to credit a Holder's balance account with DTC or issue and deliver a certificate to such Holder for the number of shares of Common Stock to which such Holder is entitled upon such Holder's conversion of Series A Preferred Stock (a "Conversion Failure"), and if on or after such Trading Day the Holder purchases (in an open market transaction or otherwise) shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon such conversion that the Holder anticipated receiving from the Corporation (a "Buy-In"), then the Corporation shall, within three (3) Trading Days after the Holder's request and in the Holder's discretion, either (i) pay cash to the Holder in an amount equal to the Holder's total purchase price (including brokerage commissions and out-of-pocket expenses, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased (the "Buy-In Price"), at which point the Corporation's obligation to deliver such certificate (and to issue such Common Stock) shall terminate, or (ii) promptly honor its obligation to deliver to the Holder a certificate or certificates representing such Common Stock and pay cash to the Holder in an amount equal to the excess (if any) of the Buy-In Price over the product of (A) such number of shares of Common Stock, times (B) the Closing Sale Price on the Conversion Date. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder's right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Corporation's failure to timely deliver certificates representing shares of Common Stock upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

(B) Void Conversion Notice; Adjustment of Conversion Price. If for any reason a Holder has not received all of the shares of Common Stock to which such Holder is entitled prior to the tenth (10^th) Trading Day after the Share Delivery Date with respect to a conversion of Series A Preferred Stock, then the Holder, upon written notice to the Corporation, with a copy to the Transfer Agent, may void its Conversion Notice with respect to, and retain or have returned, as the case may be, any shares of Series A Preferred Stock that have not been converted pursuant to such Holder's Conversion Notice; provided that the voiding of a Holder's Conversion Notice shall not effect the Corporation's obligations to make any payments which have accrued prior to the date of such notice pursuant to Section 7(c)(iii)(A) or otherwise.

(iv) Book-Entry. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, upon conversion of Series A Preferred Stock in accordance with the terms hereof, the Holder thereof shall not be required to physically surrender the certificate representing the Series A Preferred Stock to the Corporation unless (A) the full or remaining number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock represented by the certificate are being converted, in which case the Holder shall deliver such stock certificate to the Corporation promptly following such conversion, or (B) a Holder has provided the Corporation with prior written notice (which notice may be included in a Conversion Notice) requesting reissuance of Series A Preferred Stock upon physical surrender of any Series A Preferred Stock. The Holder and the Corporation shall maintain records showing the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock so converted and the dates of such conversions or shall use such other method, reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and the Corporation, so as not to require physical surrender of the certificate representing the Series A Preferred Stock upon each such conversion. In the event of any dispute or discrepancy, such records of the Corporation establishing the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock to which the record holder is entitled shall be controlling and determinative in the absence of manifest error. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Series A Preferred Stock represented by a certificate are converted as aforesaid, a Holder may not transfer the certificate representing the Series A Preferred Stock unless such Holder first physically surrenders the certificate representing the Series A Preferred Stock to the Corporation, whereupon the Corporation will forthwith issue and deliver upon the order of such Holder a new certificate of like tenor, registered as such Holder may request, representing in the aggregate the remaining number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock represented by such certificate. A Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of a certificate, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following conversion of any Series A Preferred Stock, the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock represented by such certificate may be less than the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock stated on the face thereof. Each certificate for Series A Preferred Stock shall bear the following legend:

ANY TRANSFEREE OF THIS CERTIFICATE SHOULD CAREFULLY REVIEW THE TERMS OF THE CORPORATION'S CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATIONS RELATING TO THE SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE, INCLUDING SECTION 7(c)(iv) THEREOF. THE NUMBER OF SHARES OF SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE MAY BE LESS THAN THE NUMBER OF SHARES OF SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK STATED ON THE FACE HEREOF PURSUANT TO SECTION 7(c)(iv) OF THE CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATIONS RELATING TO THE SERIES A PREFERRED STOCK REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE.

(d) Reservation of Shares.

(i) The Corporation shall have such number of its duly authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock for each Series A Preferred Stock equal to 130% of the number of shares of Common Stock necessary to effect the conversion at the Conversion Rate with respect to each such Series A Preferred Stock as of the Initial Issuance Date. The Corporation shall at all times when the Series A Preferred Stock shall be outstanding reserve and keep available out of its authorized but unissued stock, for the purposes of effecting the conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock, such number of its duly authorized and unissued shares of Common Stock as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect the conversion of all outstanding Series A Preferred Stock (the "Required Reserve Amount"). The initial number of shares of Common Stock reserved for conversions of the Series A Preferred Stock and each increase in the number of shares so reserved shall be allocated pro rata among the Holders based on the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock held by each Holder at the time of issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock or increase in the number of reserved shares, as the case may be (the "Authorized Share Allocation"). In the event a Holder shall sell or otherwise transfer any of such Holder's Series A Preferred Stock, each transferee shall be allocated a pro rata portion of the number of reserved shares of Common Stock reserved for such transferor. Any shares of Common Stock reserved and allocated to any Person which ceases to hold any Series A Preferred Stock (other than pursuant to a transfer of Series A Preferred Stock in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence) shall be allocated to the remaining Holders of Series A Preferred Stock, pro rata based on the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock then held by such Holders. Before taking any action that would cause an adjustment reducing the Conversion Price below the then par value of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock, the Corporation will take any corporate action that may, in the opinion of its counsel, be necessary in order that the Corporation may validly and legally issue fully-paid and nonassessable shares of such Common Stock at such adjusted conversion price.

(ii) If at any time while any of the Series A Preferred Stock remain outstanding the Corporation does not have a sufficient number of duly authorized and unreserved shares of Common Stock to satisfy its obligation to reserve for issuance upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock at least a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the Required Reserve Amount (an "Authorized Share Failure"), then the Corporation shall immediately take all action necessary to increase the Corporation's authorized shares of Common Stock to an amount sufficient to allow the Corporation to reserve the Required Reserve Amount for the Series A Preferred Stock then outstanding. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing sentence, as soon as practicable after the date of the occurrence of an Authorized Share Failure, but in no event later than sixty (60) days after the occurrence of such Authorized Share Failure, the Corporation shall hold a meeting of its stockholders for the approval of an increase in the number of authorized shares of Common Stock. In connection with such meeting, the Corporation shall provide each stockholder with a proxy statement and shall use its best efforts to solicit its stockholders' approval of such increase in authorized shares of Common Stock and to cause its board of directors to recommend to the stockholders that they approve such proposal.

(e) Dispute Resolution. In the case of a dispute as to the arithmetic calculation of the Conversion Rate, the Corporation shall issue to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that is not disputed and shall transmit an explanation of the disputed determinations or arithmetic calculations to the Holder via facsimile within one (1) Business Day of receipt of such Holder's Conversion Notice or other date of determination. If such Holder and the Corporation are unable to agree upon the determination of the arithmetic calculation of the Conversion Rate within two (2) Business Days of such disputed determination or arithmetic calculation being transmitted to the Holder, then the Corporation shall within one (1) Business Day submit via facsimile the disputed arithmetic calculation of the Conversion Rate to any "big four" international accounting firm. The Corporation shall cause, at the Corporation's expense (unless the accounting firm determines in favor of the Corporation, in which case the Holder shall be responsible for such expense), the accountant to perform the determinations or calculations and notify the Corporation and the Holders of the results no later than five (5) Business Days from the time it receives the disputed determinations or calculations. Such accountant's determination or calculation, as the case may be, shall be binding upon all parties absent error.

(f) Record Holder. The Person or Persons entitled to receive the shares of Common Stock issuable upon a conversion of Series A Preferred Stock shall be treated for all purposes as the record holder or holders of such shares of Common Stock on the Conversion Date.

(g) Effect of Conversion. All shares of Series A Preferred Stock which shall have been surrendered for conversion as herein provided shall no longer be deemed to be outstanding and all rights with respect to such shares, including the rights, if any, to receive notices and to vote, shall forthwith cease and terminate except only the right of the holder thereof to receive shares of Common Stock in exchange therefor and payment of any accrued but unpaid dividends thereon (whether or not declared). Subject to Section 7(c)(iii)(B), any shares of Series A Preferred Stock so converted shall be retired and canceled and shall not be reissued, and the Corporation may from time to time take such appropriate action as may be necessary to reduce the authorized Series A Preferred Stock accordingly.

(h) Transfer Taxes. The issuance of certificates for shares of the Common Stock on conversion of this Series A Preferred Stock shall be made without charge to the Holder hereof for any documentary stamp or similar taxes that may be payable in respect of the issue or delivery of such certificates, provided that the Corporation shall not be required to pay any tax that may be payable in respect of any transfer involved in the issuance and delivery of any such certificate upon conversion in a name other than that of the Holder of such shares of Series A Preferred Stock so converted and the Corporation shall not be required to issue or deliver such certificates unless or until the person or persons requesting the issuance thereof shall have paid to the Corporation the amount of such tax or shall have established to the satisfaction of the Corporation that such tax has been paid.

(i) Maximum Percentage. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, the Corporation shall not effect any conversion of Series A Preferred Stock, and no Holder shall have the right to convert any Series A Preferred Stock, to the extent that after giving effect to such conversion, the beneficial owner of such shares (together with such Person's affiliates) would have acquired, through conversion of Series A Preferred Stock or otherwise, beneficial ownership of a number of shares of Common Stock that exceeds 9.99% (the "Maximum Percentage") of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such conversion. The Corporation shall not give effect to any voting rights of the Series A Preferred Stock, and any Holder shall not have the right to exercise voting rights with respect to any Series A Preferred Stock pursuant hereto, to the extent that giving effect to such voting rights would result in such Holder (together with its affiliates) being deemed to beneficially own in excess of the Maximum Percentage of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise, assuming such exercise as being equivalent to conversion. For purposes of the foregoing, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by a Person and its affiliates shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to which the determination of such sentence is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (A) conversion of the remaining, nonconverted shares of Series A Preferred Stock beneficially owned by such Person or any of its affiliates and (B) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other securities of the Corporation (including, without limitation, any notes or warrants) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained in this Section 7(i) beneficially owned by such Person or any of its affiliates. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 7(i), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. For purposes of this Section 7(i), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (1) the Corporation's most recent Form 10-K, Form 10-Q, or Form 8-K, as the case may be, (2) a more recent public announcement by the Corporation, or (3) any other notice by the Corporation or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. For any reason at any time, upon the written request of any Holder, the Corporation shall within one (1) Business Day following the receipt of such notice, confirm orally and in writing to any such Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Corporation, including the Series A Preferred Stock, by such Holder and its affiliates since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. By written notice to the Corporation, the Holder may from time to time increase or decrease the Maximum Percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99% specified in such notice; provided, that (i) any such increase will not be effective until the sixty-first (61st) day after such notice is delivered to the Corporation, and (ii) any such increase or decrease will apply only to the Holder providing such written notice and not to any other Holder. In the event that the Corporation cannot pay any portion of any dividend, distribution, grant or issuance hereunder (including pursuant to Sections 3, 5(b) or 8(f)) to a Holder solely by reason of this Section 7(i) (such shares, the "Limited Shares"), notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the Corporation shall not be required to pay cash in lieu of the payment that otherwise would have been made in such Limited Shares, but shall hold any such Limited Shares in abeyance for such Holder until such time, if ever, that the delivery of such Limited Shares shall not cause the Holder to exceed the Maximum Percentage, at which time such Holder shall be delivered such Limited Shares to the extent as if there had been no such limitation. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 7(i) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended beneficial ownership limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation.

8. Anti-Dilution Provisions. The Conversion Price shall be subject to adjustment from time to time in accordance with this Section 8.

(a) Certain Definitions. For purposes of this Certificate of Designations, the following definitions shall apply:

(i) "Closing Sale Price" means, for any security as of any date, the last closing trade price for such security on the Principal Market, as reported by Bloomberg, or, if the Principal Market begins to operate on an extended hours basis and does not designate the closing trade price then the last trade price of such security prior to 4:00:00 p.m., New York City time, as reported by Bloomberg, or, if the Principal Market is not the principal securities exchange or trading market for such security, the last trade price of such security on the principal securities exchange or trading market where such security is listed or traded as reported by Bloomberg, or, if the foregoing do not apply, the last trade price of such security in the over-the-counter market on the electronic bulletin board for such security as reported by Bloomberg, or, if no last trade price is reported for such security by Bloomberg, the average of the ask prices of any market makers for such security as reported in the "pink sheets" by Pink Sheets LLC (formerly the National Quotation Bureau, Inc.). If the Closing Sale Price cannot be calculated for a security on a particular date on any of the foregoing bases, the Closing Sale Price of such security on such date shall be the fair market value as mutually determined by the Corporation and the Required Holders. If the Corporation and the Required Holders are unable to agree upon the fair market value of such security, then such dispute shall be resolved pursuant to Section 7(e). All such determinations to be appropriately adjusted for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination or other similar transaction during the applicable calculation period.

(ii) "Convertible Securities" means any stock or securities (other than Options) directly or indirectly convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Common Stock.

(iii) "Excluded Securities" means any capital stock issued or issuable: (i) upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock; (ii) as a dividend or distribution on the Series A Preferred Stock; (iii) upon conversion of any Options or Convertible Securities which are outstanding on the day immediately preceding the Subscription Date, provided that the terms of such Options or Convertible Securities are not amended, modified or changed on or after the Subscription Date; (iv) pursuant to any benefit plan, program or agreement approved by the Corporation's board of directors or any committee thereof pursuant to which the Corporation's securities may be issued to any employee, officer or director for bona fide services provided to the Corporation; and (v) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Corporation, provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equity holders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Corporation and shall provide to Corporation additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Corporation is issuing securities for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities.

(iv) "Options" means any rights, warrants or options to subscribe for or purchase Common Stock or Convertible Securities.

(v) "Option Value" means the value of an Option based on the Black and Scholes Option Pricing model obtained from the "OV" function on Bloomberg determined (1) in the event the issuance of such Option is publicly announced, the day prior to the public announcement of the applicable Option for pricing purposes or (2) in the event the issuance of such Option is not publicly announced, the day of issuance of such Option, and reflecting (i) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the remaining term of the applicable Option as of the applicable date of determination, (ii) an expected volatility equal to the lesser of 50% and the 100 day volatility obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg as of the day immediately following the public announcement of the applicable Option, (iii) the underlying price per share used in such calculation shall be the highest Weighted Average Price during the period beginning on the day prior to the execution of definitive documentation relating to the issuance of the applicable Option and the public announcement of such issuance, (iv) a zero cost of borrow, and (v) a 250 day annualization factor.

(vi) "Principal Market" means the Eligible Market that is the principal securities exchange market for the Common Stock.

(b) Adjustment of Series A Conversion Price Upon Issuance of Additional Shares of Common Stock. If and whenever after the Subscription Date the Corporation issues or sells, or in accordance with this Section 8(b) is deemed to have issued or sold, any Common Stock (including the issuance or sale of Common Stock owned or held by or for the account of the Corporation but excluding Excluded Securities) for a consideration per share (the "New Issuance Price") less than a price (the "Applicable Price") equal to the Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such issue or sale or deemed issuance or sale (the foregoing, a "Dilutive Issuance"), then immediately after such Dilutive Issuance, the Conversion Price then in effect shall be reduced to an amount equal to the New Issuance Price. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, from and after the date on which an aggregate of at least 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock have been traded on an Eligible Market from and after the Initial Issuance Date at a per share price above $3.00 (as adjusted for any stock dividend, stock split, stock combination or other similar transaction during such period), the provisions of this Section 8(b) shall no longer be applicable. For purposes of determining the adjusted Conversion Price under this Section 8(b), the following shall be applicable:

(i) Issuance of Options. If the Corporation in any manner grants or sells any Options and the lowest price per share for which one share of Common Stock is issuable upon the exercise of any such Option or upon conversion or exchange or exercise of any Convertible Securities issuable upon exercise of such Option is less than the Applicable Price, then each such share of Common Stock underlying such Option shall be deemed to be outstanding and to have been issued and sold by the Corporation at the time of the granting or sale of such Option for such price per share. For purposes of this Section 8(b)(i), the "lowest price per share for which one share of Common Stock is issuable upon the exercise of any such Option or upon conversion or exchange or exercise of any Convertible Securities issuable upon exercise of such Option" shall be equal to the sum of the lowest amounts of consideration (if any) received or receivable by the Corporation with respect to any one share of Common Stock upon granting or sale of the Option, upon exercise of the Option and upon conversion or exchange or exercise of any Convertible Security issuable upon exercise of such Option less any consideration paid or payable by the Corporation with respect to such one Ordinary Share upon the granting or sale of such Option, upon exercise of such Option and upon conversion exercise or exchange of any Convertible Security issuable upon exercise of such Option. No further adjustment of the Conversion Price shall be made upon the actual issuance of such share of Common Stock or of such Convertible Securities upon the exercise of such Options or upon the actual issuance of such Common Stock upon conversion or exchange or exercise of such Convertible Securities.

(ii) Issuance of Convertible Securities. If the Corporation in any manner issues or sells any Convertible Securities and the lowest price per share for which one share of Common Stock is issuable upon such conversion or exchange or exercise thereof is less than the Applicable Price, then each such share of Common Stock underlying such Convertible Securities shall be deemed to be outstanding and to have been issued and sold by the Corporation at the time of the issuance or sale of such Convertible Securities for such price per share. For the purposes of this Section 8(b)(ii), the "lowest price per share for which one share of Common Stock is issuable upon such conversion or exchange or exercise" shall be equal to the sum of the lowest amounts of consideration (if any) received or receivable by the Corporation with respect to any one share of Common Stock upon the issuance or sale of the Convertible Security and upon the conversion or exchange or exercise of such Convertible Security less any consideration paid or payable by the Corporation with respect to such one Ordinary Share upon the issuance or sale of such Convertible Security and upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Convertible Security. No further adjustment of the Conversion Price shall be made upon the actual issuance of such share of Common Stock upon conversion or exchange or exercise of such Convertible Securities, and if any such issue or sale of such Convertible Securities is made upon exercise of any Options for which adjustment of the Conversion Price had been or are to be made pursuant to other provisions of this Section 8(b), no further adjustment of the Conversion Price shall be made by reason of such issue or sale.

(iii) Change in Option Price or Rate of Conversion. If the purchase or exercise price provided for in any Options, the additional consideration, if any, payable upon the issue, conversion, exchange or exercise of any Convertible Securities, or the rate at which any Convertible Securities are convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Common Stock changes at any time, the Conversion Price in effect at the time of such change shall be adjusted to the Conversion Price which would have been in effect at such time had such Options or Convertible Securities provided for such changed purchase price, additional consideration or changed conversion rate, as the case may be, at the time initially granted, issued or sold. For purposes of this Section 8(b)(iii), if the terms of any Option or Convertible Security that was outstanding as of the Subscription Date are changed in the manner described in the immediately preceding sentence, then such Option or Convertible Security and the Common Stock deemed issuable upon exercise, conversion or exchange thereof shall be deemed to have been issued as of the date of such change. No adjustment shall be made if such adjustment would result in an increase of the Conversion Price then in effect.

(iv) Calculation of Consideration Received. In case any Option is issued in connection with the issue or sale of other securities of the Corporation, together comprising one integrated transaction (x) the Options will be deemed to have been issued for the Option Value of such Options and (y) the other securities issued or sold in such integrated transaction shall be deemed to have been issued for the difference of (x) the aggregate consideration received by the Corporation less any consideration paid or payable by the Corporation pursuant to the terms of such other securities of the Corporation, less (y) the Option Value of such Options. If any Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities are issued or sold for a consideration other than cash, the amount of the consideration other than cash received by the Corporation will be the fair value of such consideration, except where such consideration consists of marketable securities, in which case the amount of consideration received by the Corporation will be the Closing Sale Price of such marketable securities on the date of receipt of such securities. If any Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities are issued to the owners of the non-surviving entity in connection with any merger in which the Corporation is the surviving entity, the amount of consideration therefor will be deemed to be the fair value of such portion of the net assets and business of the non-surviving entity as is attributable to such Common Stock, Options or Convertible Securities, as the case may be. The fair value of any consideration other than cash or marketable securities will be determined jointly by the Corporation and the Required Holders. If such parties are unable to reach agreement within ten (10) days after the occurrence of an event requiring valuation (the "Valuation Event"), the fair value of such consideration will be determined within five (5) Business Days after the tenth (10^th) day following the Valuation Event by an independent, reputable appraiser jointly selected by the Corporation and the Required Holders. The determination of such appraiser shall be deemed binding upon all parties absent manifest error and the fees and expenses of such appraiser shall be borne by the Corporation.

(c) Adjustment of Conversion Price upon Subdivision or Combination of Common Stock. If the Corporation at any time after the Initial Issuance Date subdivides (by any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization or otherwise) its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a greater number of shares, the Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such subdivision will be proportionately reduced. If the Corporation at any time after the Initial Issuance Date combines (by combination, reverse stock split or otherwise) its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, the Conversion Price in effect immediately prior to such combination will be proportionately increased.

(d) Other Events. If any event occurs of the type contemplated by the provisions of this Section 8 but not expressly provided for by such provisions (including, without limitation, the granting of stock appreciation rights, phantom stock rights or other rights with equity features, other than the issuance of Excluded Securities), then the Corporation's Board of Directors will make an appropriate adjustment in the Conversion Price so as to protect the rights of the holders of Series A Preferred Stock; provided that no such adjustment will increase the Conversion Price as otherwise determined pursuant to this Section 8.

(e) Voluntary Adjustment By Corporation. The Corporation may at any time reduce the then current Conversion Price to any amount and for any period of time deemed appropriate and approved by the Board of Directors in accordance with Delaware law.

(f) Purchase Rights. If at any time the Corporation grants, issues or sells any Options, Convertible Securities or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of any class of Common Stock (the "Purchase Rights"), then the Holders will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which such Holder could have acquired if such Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock (without taking into account any limitations or restrictions on the convertibility of the Series A Preferred Stock) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that to the extent that a Holder's right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Maximum Percentage, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Maximum Percentage, at which time the Holder shall be granted such right to the same extent as if there had been no such limitation).

(g) Notices.

(i) Immediately upon any adjustment of the Conversion Rate and Conversion Price pursuant to Section 8 hereof, the Corporation will give written notice thereof sent by mail, first class, postage prepaid to each Holder at its address appearing on the stock register, setting forth in reasonable detail, and certifying, the calculation of such adjustment. In the case of a dispute as to the determination of such adjustment, then such dispute shall be resolved in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 7(e).

(ii) Except as otherwise required by law, the Corporation will give written notice to each Holder at least ten (10) Business Days prior to the date on which the Corporation closes its books or takes a record (I) with respect to any dividend or distribution upon the Common Stock, (II) with respect to any pro rata subscription offer to holders of Common Stock or (III) for determining rights to vote with respect to any Change of Control, any Twenty Percent Issuance, any Fundamental Transaction or any Liquidation Event.

(iii) The Corporation will also give written notice to each Holder at least ten (10) Business Days prior to the date on which any Change of Control, any Twenty Percent Issuance, any Fundamental Transaction or any Liquidation Event will take place.

9. Suspension from Trading. If on any day after the Initial Issuance Date, the sale of any of the shares of Common Stock issued or issuable upon the conversion of any shares of Series A Preferred Stock (the "Conversion Shares") (without giving effect to the Maximum Percentage) issuable hereunder cannot be made (i) because of the suspension of trading by the Principal Market, or, if the Principal Market is not the principal trading market for the Common Stock, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market on which the shares of Common Stock are then traded (a "Maintenance Failure"), then, as partial relief for the damages to any Holder by reason of any such delay in or reduction of its ability to sell the Conversion Shares (which remedy shall not be exclusive of any other remedies available at law or in equity, including, without limitation, specific performance), the Corporation shall pay to each Holder, for each full fifteen (15) day period during which there is a Maintenance Failure, an amount in cash equal to one quarter of one percent (0.25%) of the product of (I) the total number of Conversion Shares issuable hereunder (without giving effect to the Maximum Percentage) and (II) the highest Closing Sale Price of the Common Stock during the period beginning on the Trading Date immediately prior to the first date of the Maintenance Failure and ending on the date such Maintenance Failure is cured or (ii) because of a failure to maintain the listing of the Common Stock on one or more Eligible Markets (a "Delisting Maintenance Failure"), then, as partial relief for the damages to any Holder by reason of any such delay in or reduction of its ability to sell the Conversion Shares (which remedy shall not be exclusive of any other remedies available at law or in equity, including, without limitation, specific performance), the Corporation shall pay to each Holder, for each full fifteen (15) day period during which there is a Delisting Maintenance Failure, an amount in cash equal to one quarter of one percent (0.25%) of the Conversion Amount then held by such Holder. The payments to which a Holder shall be entitled pursuant to this Section 9 are referred to herein as "Suspension Payments". Suspension Payments shall be paid on the third Business Day after each full fifteen (15) day period during which there is a Maintenance Failure or a Delisting Maintenance Failure, as applicable.

10. Status of Converted Stock. In the event any shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall be converted pursuant to Section 7 hereof, the shares so converted shall be canceled and shall not be issuable by the Corporation.

11. Lost or Stolen Certificates. Upon receipt by the Corporation of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Corporation of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of any Series A Preferred Stock Certificates representing the Series A Preferred Stock, and, in the case of loss, theft or destruction, of an indemnification undertaking by the holder thereof to the Corporation in customary form and, in the case of mutilation, upon surrender and cancellation of the Series A Preferred Stock Certificate(s), the Corporation shall execute and deliver new preferred stock certificate(s) of like tenor and date; provided, however, the Corporation shall not be obligated to re-issue preferred stock certificates if the holder contemporaneously requests the Corporation to convert such Series A Preferred Stock into Common Stock.

12. Remedies, Characterizations, Other Obligations, Breaches and Injunctive Relief. The remedies provided in this Certificate of Designations shall be cumulative and in addition to all other remedies available under this Certificate of Designations, at law or in equity (including a decree of specific performance and/or other injunctive relief). No remedy contained herein shall be deemed a waiver of compliance with the provisions giving rise to such remedy. Nothing herein shall limit a holder of Series A Preferred Stock's right to pursue actual damages for any failure by the Corporation to comply with the terms of this Certificate of Designations. The Corporation covenants to each holder of Series A Preferred Stock that there shall be no characterization concerning this instrument other than as expressly provided herein. Amounts set forth or provided for herein with respect to payments, conversion and the like (and the computation thereof) shall be the amounts to be received by the holder of Series A Preferred Stock thereof and shall not, except as expressly provided herein, be subject to any other obligation of the Corporation (or the performance thereof). The Corporation acknowledges that a breach by it of its obligations hereunder will cause irreparable harm to the holders of Series A Preferred Stock and that the remedy at law for any such breach may be inadequate. The Corporation therefore agrees that, in the event of any such breach or threatened breach, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled, in addition to all other available remedies, to an injunction restraining any breach, without the necessity of showing economic loss and without any bond or other security being required.

13. Notice. Whenever notice or other communication is required to be given under this Certificate of Designations, unless otherwise provided herein, such notice shall be given in accordance with contact information provided by each Holder to the Corporation and set forth in the register for the Series A Preferred Stock maintained by the Corporation as set forth in Section 16.

14. Failure or Indulgence Not Waiver. No failure or delay on the part of any holder of Series A Preferred Stock in the exercise of any power, right or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such power, right or privilege preclude other or further exercise thereof or of any other right, power or privilege.

15. Transfer of Series A Preferred Stock. A Holder may assign some or all of the Series A Preferred Stock and the accompanying rights hereunder held by such Holder without the consent of the Corporation; provided that such assignment is in compliance with applicable securities laws.

16. Series A Preferred Stock Register. The Corporation shall maintain at its principal executive offices (or such other office or agency of the Corporation as it may designate by notice to the Holders), a register for the Series A Preferred Stock, in which the Corporation shall record the name and address of the persons in whose name the Series A Preferred Stock have been issued, as well as the name and address of each transferee. The Corporation may treat the person in whose name any Series A Preferred Stock is registered on the register as the owner and holder thereof for all purposes, notwithstanding any notice to the contrary, but in all events recognizing any properly made transfers.

17. Stockholder Matters. Any stockholder action, approval or consent required, desired or otherwise sought by the Corporation pursuant to the DGCL, this Certificate of Designations or otherwise with respect to the issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock or the Common Stock issuable upon conversion thereof may be effected by written consent of the Corporation's stockholders or at a duly called meeting of the Corporation's stockholders, all in accordance with the applicable rules and regulations of the DGCL. This provision is intended to comply with the applicable sections of the DGCL permitting stockholder action, approval and consent affected by written consent in lieu of a meeting.

18. General Provisions. In addition to the above provisions with respect to Series A Preferred Stock, such Series A Preferred Stock shall be subject to and be entitled to the benefit of the provisions set forth in the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation with respect to preferred stock of the Corporation generally.

19. Disclosure. Upon receipt or delivery by the Corporation of any notice in accordance with the terms of this Certificate of Designations, unless the Corporation has in good faith determined that the matters relating to such notice do not constitute material, nonpublic information relating to the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries, the Corporation shall within one (1) Business Day after any such receipt or delivery publicly disclose such material, nonpublic information on a Current Report on Form 8-K or otherwise. In the event that the Corporation believes that a notice contains material, nonpublic information relating to the Corporation or its Subsidiaries, the Corporation so shall indicate to the Holders contemporaneously with delivery of such notice, and in the absence of any such indication, the Holders shall be allowed to presume that all matters relating to such notice do not constitute material, nonpublic information relating to the Corporation or its Subsidiaries.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has signed this Certificate of Designation on the 19th day of July 2012, and affirms the statements contained therein as true under the penalties of perjury.

	VRINGO, INC.

	By:	/s/ Andrew D. Perlman
		Name: Andrew D. Perlman Its: Chief Executive Officer

EXHIBIT I

VRINGO, INC.

Reference is made to the Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock of Vringo, Inc. (the "Certificate of Designations"). In accordance with and pursuant to the Certificate of Designations, the undersigned hereby elects to convert the number of shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Series A Preferred Stock"), of Vringo, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Corporation"), indicated below into shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Common Stock"), of the Corporation, as of the date specified below. The undersigned represents and warrants that such conversion is not prohibited by Section 7(i) of the Certificate of Designations.

Date of Conversion: ___________________________________________________________________________

Number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock to be converted: __________________________________________

Stock certificate no(s). of Series A Preferred Stock to be converted: ______________________________________

Tax ID Number (If applicable): __________________________________________________________________

Please confirm the following information: _________________________________________________________________

Conversion Price:______________________________________________________________________________

Number of shares of Common Stock to be issued: ____________________________________________________

Please issue the Common Stock into which the Series A Preferred Stock are being converted in the following name and to the following address:

Issue to: ________________________________________________

________________________________________________

Address: _______________________________________________

Telephone Number: _______________________________________

Facsimile Number: ________________________________________

Authorization: ___________________________________________

By: ______________________________

Title: _____________________________

Dated:

Account Number (if electronic book entry transfer): _________________________________________________

Transaction Code Number (if electronic book entry transfer): __________________________________________

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The Corporation hereby acknowledges this Conversion Notice and hereby directs American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC to issue the above indicated number of shares of Common Stock.

VRINGO, INC.

By: ____________________________

Name: __________________________

Title: ___________________________