EX-99.2 3 ex992.htm MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Exhibit 99.2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ALEXCO RESOURCE CORP.

 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTH PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2018

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) of Alexco Resource Corp. (“Alexco” or the “Corporation”) is dated August 13, 2018 and provides an analysis of Alexco’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial results for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2018 compared to the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2017.

The following information should be read in conjunction with the Corporation’s June 30, 2018 unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements with accompanying notes (the “2018-Q2 Interim F/S”), which have been prepared in accordance with IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting, and with the Corporation’s audited consolidated financial statements with accompanying notes and related MD&A for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, which were prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. The 2018-Q2 Interim F/S follow the same accounting policies and methods of computation as compared with the most recent fiscal financial statements, except for those policies disclosed in Note 3 of the 2018-Q2 Interim F/S. Note 4 of the 2018-Q2 Interim F/S discloses the effects of the adoption of new IFRS pronouncements for all periods presented.. These documents and additional information on the Corporation are available on the Corporation’s website at www.alexcoresource.com and on the SEDAR website at www.sedar.com and Edgar at www.sec.gov.

Except where specifically indicated otherwise, the disclosure in this MD&A of scientific and technical information regarding exploration projects on Alexco’s mineral properties has been reviewed and approved by Alan McOnie, FAusIMM, Vice President, Exploration, while that regarding mine development and operations has been reviewed and approved by Neil Chambers, P.Eng., Mine Superintendent, both of whom are Qualified Persons as defined by National Instrument 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (“NI 43-101”).

All dollar figures are expressed in Canadian dollars unless otherwise stated.

 

2018-Q2 HIGHLIGHTS AND OVERALL PERFORMANCE

CORPORATE

The Corporation’s cash and cash equivalents at June 30, 2018 totaled $22,350,000 compared to $17,906,000 at December 31, 2017, while net working capital totaled $20,971,000 compared to $18,414,000 at December 31, 2017. The Corporation’s restricted cash and deposits at June 30, 2018 totalled $2,631,000 compared to $7,092,000 at December 31, 2017.
Overall, Alexco reported a net loss of $1,896,000 ($0.02 per share) for the three month period ended June 30, 2018 and a loss before tax expense of $1,770,000 including a net non-cash component of $440,000 comprising $424,000 for depreciation and amortization, $632,000 for share-based compensation expense and $73,000 for mark-to-market adjustments on warrants, offset by a non-cash mark-to-market gain of $689,000 related to the embedded derivative on the Wheaton Precious Metal Corp. (“Wheaton”) streaming agreement. For the three month period ended June 30, 2017, Alexco reported a net loss of $2,736,000, for a basic and diluted loss of $0.03 per share. The 2017 period loss before recovery of taxes was $2,632,000 including non-cash costs of $471,000 for depreciation and amortization and $519,000 for share-based compensation expense. The decrease in the net loss in the 2018 period compared to the 2017 period was mainly attributed to the Corporation’s mark-to-market gain of $689,000 related to the Wheaton streaming agreement.
On June 13, 2018, the Corporation completed a bought deal public offering and issued 4,703,000 flow-through common shares (the “Flow-Through Shares”) at a blended price of $1.92 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $9,041,150. The issued securities are comprised of: (i) 966,500 flow-through shares with respect to “Canadian exploration expenses” priced at $2.05 per Flow-Through Share; (ii) 1,736,500 flow-through shares with respect to “Canadian exploration expenses” that also qualify as “flow-through mining expenditures” priced at $2.05 per Flow-Through Share; and (iii) 2,000,000 flow-through shares with respect to “Canadian development expenses” priced at $1.75 per Flow-Through Share.
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During the quarter, 1,153,151 warrants were exercised for proceeds to the Corporation of $2,002,000.
On April 30, 2018 Alexco replaced $6,305,000 of cash placed as security for its Keno Hill property with a surety bond. The surety instrument is collateralized with $2,364,000 of cash with the resulting $3,941,000 plus accrued interest being reclassified to unrestricted cash. In addition, on April 25, 2018 security posted in cash in the amount of $513,000 (US$398,000) was released to AEG on the issuance of a State of Colorado “No Further Active Remediation” filing which represents the final step in the successful completion of the Globeville Smelter Project.
On April 12, 2018 Alexco announced the appointment of Karen McMaster to the Board of Directors. Ms. McMaster’s extensive history in the mining industry has been primarily focused on legal counsel for environmental matters as well as exploration and mine development. In addition to law, Ms. McMaster has a MBA in Sustainability and has occupied a number of roles including legal counsel & investor relations advisor for Caledonia Mining Corporation, legal counsel for Rio Algom Limited and internal auditor for BHP Billiton PLC.

 

MINE OPERATIONS AND EXPLORATION

On May 2, 2018 Alexco announced completion of the Bermingham underground advanced exploration decline and commencement of a 5,000 meter (“m”) underground drill program of infill and exploration drilling in and around the upper portion of the Bermingham high grade silver deposit. In addition, in May 2018 Alexco commenced a 15,000 m surface exploration program to test a number of relatively shallow silver deposit targets in the vicinity of the Bermingham deposit as well as to conduct a deeper exploration program to test structural zones with the potential to host large “Hector-Calumet” style silver deposits.
Available exploration results from these programs to date include true width intercepts at the Bear Vein ranging up to 12.28 m grading 1,019 grams per tonne (“g/t”) (32.8 ounces per tonne (“oz/t”)) silver in hole BMUG18-012 and 2.28 m grading 9,723 g/t (312.6 oz/t) silver in drill hole BMUG18-015. Other significant intersections from the associated Bermingham and Bermingham Footwall veins include true width intercepts of 4.17 m grading 5,373 g/t (172.8 oz/t) silver in hole BMUG18-015 and 4.26 m grading 1,958 g/t (63.0 oz/t) silver in hole BMUG18-008 (see news release dated August 9, 2018, entitled “Alexco Drills up to 12 Meters (True Width) of 1,019 grams per tonne Silver at Bermingham; Provide Updates on Permitting and Underground Development”).

In mid-May, Alexco commenced ramp development at the Flame & Moth deposit. As of June 30, 2018, 152 m of underground development had been driven at the Flame and Moth deposit and as of the date of this MD&A, a total of 301 m had been driven.
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ALEXCO ENVIRONMENTAL GROUP

Alexco Environmental Group (“AEG”), recognized revenues of $3,545,000 in the second quarter of 2018 for a gross profit of $1,368,000 achieving a gross margin of 39.0% compared to revenues of $2,504,000 for the second quarter of 2017 for a gross profit of $913,000 achieving a gross margin of 36.5%.
On June 15, 2018 AEG acquired Contango Strategies Ltd. (“Contango”), a private company based in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, for consideration of $1,388,000 comprising $971,600 in cash and 237,999 common shares of Alexco at a value of $416,400. Settlement of the consideration is in two tranches with $1,018,000 (comprising $601,600 in cash and $416,400 in Alexco common shares) paid on closing with the remaining $370,000 cash payment to be made on the first anniversary of the closing of the transaction. The acquisition includes all of Contango’s operations including $450,000 in working capital, and property, plant and equipment.
On April 3, 2018 Alexco’s wholly owned US subsidiary, Alexco Water and Environment Inc. (“AWE”), entered into a Master Services Agreement (“MSA”) with Colorado Legacy Land LLC (“CLL”) to become the Operator of Responsible Charge for the Schwartzwalder Mine and the former Cañon City Uranium Mill reclamation and cleanup projects. These long-term arrangements are expected to take more than ten years to complete and are expected to generate revenue in excess of US$20,000,000 for AWE.

 

OVERVIEW OF THE BUSINESS

Alexco owns substantially all of the historic Keno Hill Silver District (“KHSD”), located in Canada's Yukon Territory. The Bellekeno silver mine, one of the world's highest-grade silver mines with a production grade averaging 779 grams per tonne (“g/t”), commenced commercial production at the beginning of 2011 and was Canada's only operating primary silver mine from 2011 to 2013, producing a total of 5.6 million ounces of silver during that time. In September 2013 Alexco suspended Bellekeno mining operations in light of a sharply reduced silver and base metal prices. Since the suspension Alexco has focused on evaluating the Flame & Moth deposit, exploring and evaluating the Bermingham deposit, renegotiating third party contracts and reviewing other opportunities to reduce future All-In Sustaining Costs for future operations at Keno Hill. This work culminated with the publication of an updated preliminary economic assessment (“PEA”) in 2017. With this new study in hand, Alexco has developed and is implementing a plan to return to operations incorporating production from the Flame & Moth, Bermingham, Lucky Queen and Bellekeno silver deposits.

 

Alexco also owns and operates an environmental consulting business, AEG, which provides a variety of mine and industrial related environmental services, including management of the regulatory and environmental permitting process, remediation technologies and reclamation and mine closure services. AEG provides these services to both government and industry clients through its wholly owned subsidiaries, Alexco Environmental Group Inc., AWE and Contango. Alexco also owns certain patent rights related to mine reclamation and closure processes including the in-situ immobilization of metals in groundwater, soils, waste stacks and pit lakes.

Alexco is a public company which is listed on the NYSE American equities exchange (under the symbol AXU) and the Toronto Stock Exchange (under the symbol AXR).

 

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OUTLOOK AND STRATEGY

Keno Hill Silver District

Alexco’s current primary focus is to re-start mining operations at Keno Hill, commodity prices, commercial arrangements and markets considered. Alexco has the requisite permits and authorizations for future ore production from the Flame & Moth, Lucky Queen, Bellekeno and Onek deposits. In November 2017 a project proposal for environmental assessment was submitted to Yukon Environmental and Socio-economic Assessment Board (“YESAB”) for future production and processing of ore from the Bermingham deposit. A positive Decision Document was issued by the Yukon Government on July 27, 2018 leaving only completion of the amendments to Alexco’s Quartz Mining Licence (“QML”), expected by the end of the Q4 2018, and a renewal of the Water Use License (“WUL”) process in order for Alexco to be fully permitted for ore production and processing from the Bermingham deposit in addition to the previously mentioned Flame &Moth, Lucky Queen, Bellekeno and Onek deposits. The Corporation expects these final approvals to be awarded in late Q1 of 2019.

Alexco’s Keno Hill mineral properties comprise mineral rights spanning approximately 242 square kilometers, which contain numerous occurrences of mineral deposits and prospects including more than 35 historical silver mines. The KHSD’s historical mines produced from approximately 1913 through 1989, with the Yukon Government's published Minfile database reporting that District production from 1941 totaled more than 214 million ounces of silver with average grade of 44 ounces per tonne (“oz/t”) silver, 5.6% lead and 3.1% zinc. All of Alexco’s mining, development and exploration activities have been conducted on its KHSD properties. The KHSD is located in the Yukon Territory approximately 330 kilometers north of Whitehorse in the vicinity of the villages of Mayo and Keno City and lies within the traditional territory of the First Nation of Na-Cho Nyak Dun (“FNNND”). Alexco is party to a Comprehensive Cooperation and Benefits Agreement (“CCBA”) with the FNNND, setting out common understandings, obligations and opportunities arising from all of Alexco’s activities within the Keno Hill District including exploration, care and maintenance, District closure activities and mine production.

Alexco Environmental Group

Alexco owns and operates AEG which carries out a variety of fee for service and turnkey project activities related to environmental management and assessment, project permitting, remediation, water treatment and project closure mandates in North America and elsewhere. AEG has developed a strong client base within the mining industry and has also been able to establish new lines of business related to industrial site soil remediation, water treatment and historical mine pool remediation as well as emergency water treatment services. With the acquisition of Contango, AEG will expand its business lines into specialized biological water treatment systems for mining, oil and gas, and industrial operations.

AEG is committed to working with Elsa Reclamation and Development Ltd. (“ERDC”) on the on-going environmental care and maintenance program and reclamation and closure projects at Keno Hill with the Federal Government of Canada (“Canada”) and in accordance with the Amended and Restated Subsidiary Agreement (“ARSA”).

ERDC

 

As part of Alexco’s 2006 acquisition of the United Keno Hill Mines (“UKHM”) mineral rights in the Keno Hill District, ERDC is party to the ARSA with Canada. Under the ARSA, ERDC is retained by Canada as a paid contractor responsible on a continuing basis for the environmental care and maintenance and ultimate closure reclamation of the former UKHM mineral properties. The ARSA provides that ERDC share the responsibility for the development of the ultimate closure plan with Canada. Upon regulatory approval, the closure plan will be implemented by ERDC. During the period required to develop the plan and until the closure plan is executed, ERDC is also responsible for carrying out the environmental care and maintenance at various sites within the UKHM mineral rights, for a fixed annual fee established on a per-site basis totaling $850,000, adjustable for material changes in scope. ERDC receives agreed-to commercial contractor rates when retained by Canada to provide environmental services in the Keno Hill District outside the scope of care and maintenance and closure and reclamation planning under the ARSA.

 

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ERDC currently holds a Type B WUL under the Yukon Waters Act to undertake care and maintenance activities in the Keno Hill area. The final Existing State of Mine (“ESM”) Reclamation Plan at Keno Hill will undergo environmental assessment by the YESAB and is expected to be submitted in August 2018. Subsequent to completion of the YESAB environmental assessment process, a WUL amendment will be required from the Yukon Water Board to authorize the activities necessary to effect closure of the site. After licencing, funding approval from Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada for the project will be subject to review and acceptance of the project by the Treasury Board of Canada. The final ESM Reclamation Plan is subject to amendment that may result from requirements during the assessment, licencing, and funding approval processes.

Economic Climate

Silver, lead and zinc are the primary metals found within the Keno Hill District historically. With respect to the economic climate during the first six months of 2018, prices remained relatively flat with an average price of US$16.65. Silver traded from a high of US$17.52 on January 25, 2018 to a low of US$16.03 on June 29, 2018, while lead traded between US$1.22 to US$1.03 and zinc traded between US$1.64 to US$1.28 per pound. As at the date of this MD&A, prices are approximately US$15.00 per ounce silver, US$0.95 per pound for lead and US$1.13 per pound for zinc and the Canadian-US exchange rate is approximately US$0.76 per CAD. Consensus investment analyst forecasts over the next two years for silver average approximately US$17.85 per ounce, for lead average approximately US$1.06 per pound, and for zinc US$1.34 per pound, with the Canadian-US exchange rate forecast at US$0.78 per CAD (see “Risk Factors” in the MD&A for the year ended December 31, 2017, including but not limited to “Potential Profitability Of Mineral Properties Depends Upon Other Factors Beyond the Control of the Corporation” and “General Economic Conditions May Adversely Affect the Corporation’s Growth and Profitability” thereunder).

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Keno Hill Silver District

2018 Flame & Moth Development

In May 2018, Alexco relocated its underground mine development team and equipment to the Flame and Moth deposit to resume decline and ramp development. As of the date of this MD&A, 301 m of primary development has been completed including supporting remuck bays and sumps. The Flame and Moth decline is being constructed at a design of 15% grade and sized 3.7 m wide x 4.0 m high and will accommodate new underground drilling headings as well as haulage of a planned 260 tonnes of ore per day to the primary crusher which is located within 200 m of the mine portal. Approximately 292 m of ramp development remains to reach the first ore level access at the Lightning Zone within the Flame and Moth deposit. Following the completion of the first phase of the decline, an additional 75 m of level access and a 100 m ventilation raise would be required before any extraction of ore can begin.

2018 Surface Exploration Program

In May 2018 the Corporation commenced a 15,000 m, $4,000,000 surface exploration diamond drilling program that will comprise at least 45 drill holes on a number of exploration targets. The project was initiated with two drills in early May with a third to be added in mid-August. As of the date of this MD&A, approximately 7,300 m of surface drilling had been completed in 27 holes.

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The surface exploration program will test a number of relatively shallow silver deposit targets in the vicinity of the Bermingham deposit as well as to conduct a deeper exploration program to test structural zones with the potential to host large “Hector-Calumet” style silver deposits. The surface exploration program will extend through to October 2018 with results expected to be finalized in the fourth quarter of 2018.

2018 Underground Exploration Program

In May 2018 the Corporation commenced installation of two diamond drill stations and mobilization of underground drilling equipment and crews to complete an initial 5,000 m of infill and exploration drilling at approximate 10 - 15 m centers for anticipated mining blocks in and around the upper portion of the high grade Bermingham silver deposit. As of the date of this MD&A, 4,028 m of underground drilling had been completed in 24 holes. The targeted in-fill area contains an estimated 110,000 tonnes of potentially mineable ore with an estimated head grade of 1,560 g/t silver, 4.2% lead and 2.2% zinc comprising the anticipated first two years of production (see news release dated March 29, 2017, entitled “Alexco and Silver Wheaton Amend Silver Purchase Agreement and Alexco Announces Positive Preliminary Economic Assessment for Expanded Silver Production at Keno Hill”).

The underground drilling program is scheduled to be completed in late August. Initial results from the 2018 underground drilling program were announced on August 9, 2018 (see news release dated August 9, 2018, entitled “Alexco Drills up to 12 Meters (true width) of 1,019 grams per tonne Silver at Bermingham Deposit, Provides Update on Permitting and Underground Development”). Results from the 2018 underground drilling and the 2017 surface exploration drilling will be incorporated into a new Bermingham resource calculation to be included in the pre-feasibility study targeted for completion late in the third quarter or early in the fourth quarter of 2018.

Permitting Update - Bermingham Deposit:

Alexco has the requisite permits and authorizations for future ore production from the Bellekeno, Flame & Moth, Lucky Queen, and Onek deposits. Permitting for production from the Bermingham deposit is ongoing with a positive Decision Document issued by the Yukon Government on July 27, 2018. The Decision Document outlines a number of standard terms and conditions for development and mine production from the Bermingham deposit.

 

With the issuance of the Decision Document, Alexco submitted a water license amendment and renewal application to the Yukon Water Board for processing and milling ore and discharging treated water from the Bermingham mine.

 

Alexco anticipates issuance of the completed permits late in Q1 or early Q2 of 2019.

 

Mine Site Care and Maintenance

Mine site care and maintenance costs for the second quarter of 2018 totaled $952,000 compared to $488,000 in the second quarter of 2017. The increase in costs is mainly due to site-based expenditures and mill maintenance initiatives in 2018. Included in mine site care and maintenance costs is depreciation expense of $350,000 for the second quarter of 2018 compared to $394,000 for the same period in 2017.

Mine site care and maintenance costs during the first six months of 2018 totaled $1,633,000 compared to $931,000 for the same period of 2017. The increase in costs is mainly due to site-based expenditures and mill maintenance initiatives in 2018. Included in mine site care and maintenance costs is depreciation expense of $651,000 during first six months of 2018 compared to $803,000 in same period of 2017.

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General and Administrative Expenses

Corporate:

Corporate general and administrative expenses for the second quarter of 2018 totaled $1,780,000 compared to $2,023,000 for the second quarter of 2017. The decrease in 2018 relates primarily to a one-time advisory fee in the amount of $500,000 related to the Wheaton Amended SPA that occurred in the same period in 2017. This cost was partially offset with non-cash share-based compensation expense of $614,000 compared to $506,000 for the same period in 2017 and a non-cash $281,000 credit facility fee comprised of share purchase warrants related to a credit facility (“Credit Facility”) with Sprott Private Resource Lending (Collector), L.P. (“Sprott”).

Corporate general and administrative expenses during the first six months of 2018 totaled $4,509,000 compared to $4,708,000 for the same period of 2017. The corporate general and administrative expenses were consistent in both periods, but the slight decrease in 2018 was primarily due to a one-time advisory fee in the amount of $750,000 related to the Wheaton Amended SPA that was incurred for the same period in 2017. This was offset with an increase in non-cash share-based compensation expense of $1,750,000 compared to $1,624,000 for the same period in 2017 and a non-cash $380,000 credit facility fee comprised of share purchase warrants related to a credit facility with Sprott.

Environmental Services:

Environmental Services general and administrative expenses for the second quarter of 2018 totaled $1,076,000 compared to $746,000 for second quarter of 2017. The increase in general and administrative expenses in 2018 is attributable to an increase in additional staff and support functions required for increased project activity.

Environmental Services general and administrative expenses during the first six months of 2018 totaled $1,755,000 compared to $1,499,000 for the same period in 2017. The increase in general and administrative expenses in 2018 was attributed to the increase in staff and support functions required for increased project activity.

Alexco Environmental Group (AEG) and ERDC

Highlights during 2018-Q2:

AEG recognized revenues of $3,545,000 in the second quarter of 2018 for a gross profit of $1,368,000 achieving a gross margin of 39.0% compared to revenues of $2,504,000 for a gross profit of $913,000 achieving a gross margin of 36.5% in the second quarter of 2017. The increase in gross profit during the 2018 period was mainly due to larger US contracts in the 2018 period that utilized a higher portion of internal labour. In addition, AEG experienced increased project efficiencies across the business.
During the quarter, under the contract with Canada on the historical cleanup at Keno Hill, ERDC continued to advance the consultation on the environmental assessment application for submission to YESAB, which is expected to occur in August 2018. ERDC also focused on engineering for the closure plan.
AEG is successfully operating two water treatment facilities in the US, the Gladstone Interim Water Treatment Plant (“IWTP”) near Silverton Colorado and the Schwartzwalder industrial water treatment plant, as well as four smaller water treatment facilities within the Keno Hill District in the Yukon Territory, Canada.  AEG has approval for the continued operation of the Gladstone treatment facility throughout 2018.
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In April 2018 AWE entered into a MSA with CLL to become the Operator of Responsible Charge for the Schwartzwalder Mine and the former Cañon City Uranium Mill reclamation and cleanup projects. These long-term arrangements are expected to take more than ten years to complete and are expected to generate revenue in excess of US$20,000,000 for AWE.

Acquisition of Contango Strategies Ltd.

On June 15, 2018 AEG acquired Contango, a private company based in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, for consideration of $1,388,000 comprising $971,600 in cash and 237,999 common shares of Alexco at a value of $416,400. Settlement of the consideration is in two tranches with $1,018,000 (comprising $601,600 in cash and $416,400 in Alexco common shares) paid on closing with the remaining $370,000 cash payment to be made on the first anniversary of the closing of the transaction. The acquisition included all of Contango’s operations including $450,000 in working capital, and property, plant and equipment.

Contango specializes in biological (passive, semi-passive and active) water treatment systems for mining, oil and gas, and industrial operations. Contango operates a year-round environmentally controlled pilot-scale facility, which allows for the development, testing and optimization of technologies such as bioreactors and constructed treatment wetlands. Additionally, genetic profiling using Contango’s in-house DNA sequencing facility and microbiology laboratories can detect and identify microbes for applications including bioreactor optimization, corrosion and fouling correction, and environmental remediation.

SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS

Key financial information for the most recent eight quarters is summarized as follows, reported in thousands of Canadian dollars except for per share amounts:

 

 

Period

Revenue Gross Profit Net Income (Loss) Basic Income (Loss) per Share Diluted Income (Loss) per Share Expenditures on Mineral Properties
             
2016-Q3 3,243 710 (681) $(0.01) $(0.01) 3,040
2016-Q4 2,939 881 (1,802) $(0.02) $(0.02) 987
2016 Total (restated) 9,013 2,301 (2,372) $(0.03) $(0.03) 5,111
2017-Q1 1,935 549 (973) $(0.01) $(0.01) 885
2017-Q2 2,504 913 (2,736) $(0.03) $(0.03) 1,782
2017-Q3 3,786 1,545 (2,313) $(0.02) $(0.02) 3,491
2017-Q4 2,507 993 (1,790) $(0.02) $(0.02) 2,809
2017 Total (restated) 10,732 4,000 (7,812) $(0.08) $(0.08) 8,967
2018-Q1 2,764 830 (3,261) $(0.03) $(0.03) 3,147
2018-Q2 3,545 1,368 (1,896) $(0.02) $(0.02) 4,812

 

Note: Sum of all the quarters may not add up to the yearly totals due to rounding

The net losses for the third and fourth quarters of 2016 reflect the continued expenditures to site based and general and administrative expenses. These expenses were partially offset with AEG profits. In the fourth quarter of 2016, there was a fair value adjustment loss from the Corporation’s available-for-sale and held-for-trading investments. The net loss for 2017 quarters reflect site based expenditures along with general and administrative expenses, costs related to restructuring the Wheaton SPA partially offset by AEG profits, a foreign exchange gain and a gain on investments. The net loss in the first and second quarter of 2018 reflects fair value adjustment loss from the Corporation’s available-for-sale investments, site based expenditures, mill maintenance initiatives and general and administrative expenses.

The mineral property expenditures in 2016 reflect the surface drill program at Bermingham and continued re-engineering work being done on the Flame and Moth deposit. Furthermore, the mineral property expenditures in 2016 reflect the ongoing costs of modeling, data logging and resource estimation work for Bermingham and the Flame and Moth deposits. The mineral property expenditures in 2017 reflect the resource estimation work being completed on the Bermingham and Flame and Moth deposits and completion of the PEA during the first quarter followed by the surface exploration program and commencement of the advanced underground exploration program at the Bermingham deposit. The mineral property expenditures in the first quarter of 2018 mainly reflect the continued advancement of the underground exploration decline at the Bermingham deposit and the expenditures incurred in the second quarter reflect completion of the advanced exploration decline and commencement of the underground drilling program at the Bermingham deposit, commencement of the underground development decline at the Flame & Moth deposit and commencement of a 15,000 m surface drilling program. The Corporation is continuing to work on a prefeasibility study, which will include the drill results from the 2017 surface drill program along with the 2018 underground drill program at the Bermingham deposit.

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Liquidity, Cash Flows and Capital Resources

Liquidity

At June 30, 2018 the Corporation had cash and cash equivalents of $22,350,000, and net working capital of $20,971,000 compared to cash and cash equivalents of $17,906,000 and net working capital of $18,414,000 at December 31, 2017. The Corporation faces no known liquidity issues or is aware of any significant credit risks in any of its financial assets. In addition, the Corporation’s restricted cash and deposits at June 30, 2018 totalled $2,631,000 compared to $7,092,000 at December 31, 2017.

With its cash resources and net working capital on hand at June 30, 2018, and assuming no re-start of full scale mining operations, Alexco anticipates it will have sufficient capital resources to carry out all of its currently anticipated exploration and development programs, and service the working capital requirements of its mine site care and maintenance, exploration activities, environmental services business and corporate offices and administration, for at least the next 12 month period. As noted elsewhere in this MD&A, re-start of mining operations is dependent on a number of factors, including a supportive silver market, maintaining current metal prices and foreign exchange rates. A re-start of underground production operations will require additional capital investment, in excess of the capital resources currently on hand. Because of these factors, combined with its long term objectives for the exploration and development of its mineral properties, the Corporation is likely to require future additional funding.

Historically, Alexco’s main sources of funding have been from mining operations, AEG and equity issuances. All sources of finance reasonably available will be considered to fund future requirements, including but not limited to issuance of new capital, issuance of new debt and the sale of assets in whole or in part, including mineral property interests. There can be no assurance of a re-start of mining operations or continued access to finance in the future, and an inability to generate or secure such funding may require the Corporation to substantially curtail and defer its planned exploration and development activities.

 

 

 

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Cash Flows

  

Three Months Ended

June 30

 

Six Months Ended

June 30

   2018  2017  2018  2017
             
Cash flow used in operating activities  $(1,909)  $(1,166)  $(3,724)  $(2,381)
Cash flow from investing activities   672    (1,533)   (2,256)   (409)
Cash flow provided by financing activities   10,369    8,337    10,424    8,872 
   $9,132   $5,638   $4,444   $6,082 

 

Cash outflow in operating activities was $1,909,000 for the second quarter of 2018 versus cash outflow of $1,166,000 for the second quarter of 2017. The majority of cash outflow from operating activities during the 2018 period were expended on site-based care and maintenance costs and general and administrative costs offset by profits from AEG. Cash inflow from investing activities was $672,000 for the second quarter of 2018 versus a cash outflow of $1,533,000 for the second quarter of 2017. The cash inflow during the second quarter of 2018 related to the release of restricted funds in place of a surety bond. The inflow was partially offset with the acquisition of Contango, continued work on a prefeasibility study, the surface exploration program and completion of the Bermingham underground exploration decline and commencement of infill and exploration drilling in and around the upper portion of the Bermingham high grade silver deposit. The cash inflow from financing activities was $10,369,000 for the second quarter of 2018 versus $8,337,000 for the second quarter of 2017. The 2018 second quarter cash inflow relates to proceeds from a completed flow-through bought deal public offering consisting of 4,703,000 flow-through shares at a blended price of $1.92 per share along with $2,190,000 from the exercise of warrants and stock options. In the same quarter in 2017 the Company had cash inflow from proceeds from a private placement and the exercise of warrants and stock options.

Cash used in operating activities was $3,724,000 for the first six months of 2018 versus $2,381,000 for the same period of 2017. The majority of cash consumed in operating activities during the 2018 and 2017 periods were expended site-based care and maintenance costs and general and administrative costs offset by profits from AEG. Cash outflow from investing activities was $2,256,000 for the first six months of 2018 versus $409,000 for the same period in 2017. The increased cash outflow in 2018 primarily related to the Bermingham underground exploration decline, increased surface and underground exploration programs and development work at Flame and Moth deposit. Furthermore, the Company continued work on a prefeasibility study and acquired Contango during 2018. The outflows in 2018 were partially offset with the release of restricted funds in place of a surety bond. During 2017, the Company received $2,003,000 from the proceeds of a disposal from investments compared to $52,000 in 2018. Cash inflow from financing activities was $10,424,000 for the first six months of 2018 compared to $8,872,000 for the same period of 2017. The first six months of 2018 cash inflow relates to proceeds from a completed public offering consisting of 4,703,000 flow-through shares at a blended price of $1.92 per share along with $2,245,000 from the exercise of warrants and stock options. In 2017 the Company had cash inflow from proceeds from a private placement and the exercise of warrants and stock options.

Silver Purchase Agreement (“SPA”) with Wheaton

On October 2, 2008 (with subsequent amendments on October 20, 2008, December 10, 2008, December 22, 2009, March 31, 2010, January 15, 2013, March 11, 2014 and June 16, 2014), the Corporation entered into a SPA with Wheaton under which Wheaton will receive 25% of the life of mine payable silver produced by the Corporation from its Keno Hill Silver District properties. The SPA anticipated that the initial silver deliveries would come from the Bellekeno property. Under the SPA, the Corporation received up-front deposit payments from Wheaton totaling US$50,000,000, and received further payments of the lesser of US$3.90 (increasing by 1% per annum after the third year of full production) and the prevailing market price for each ounce of payable silver delivered, if as and when delivered. After the initial 40 year term of the streaming interest, the Corporation is required to refund the balance of any advance payments received and not yet notionally reduced through silver deliveries. The Corporation would also be required to refund the balance of advance payments received and not yet reduced if Wheaton exercised its right to terminate the streaming interest in an event of default by the Corporation. As of September 2013, Bellekeno mining operations were suspended in light of a reduced silver price environment.

  - 11 - 
 

 

On March 29, 2017 the Corporation and Wheaton amended the SPA such that Wheaton will continue to receive 25% of the life of mine payable silver from the Keno Hill Silver District with a variable production payment based on monthly silver head grade and monthly silver spot price. The actual monthly production payment from Wheaton will be determined based on the monthly average silver head grade at the mill and the monthly average spot price, as determined by a grade and pricing curve with an upper ceiling grade of 1,400 g/t silver and price of US$25 per ounce of silver and a floor grade of 600 g/t silver and price of US$13 per ounce of silver. Additional terms of the amendment include a date for completion of the 400 tonne per day mine and mill completion test, which has now been extended to December 31, 2019. If the completion test is not satisfied by December 31, 2019, the Corporation will be required to pay a capacity related refund to Wheaton in the maximum amount of US$8,788,000, which can be further proportionately reduced by mine production and mill throughput exceeding 322 tonnes per day for a 30 day period prior to December 31, 2019. The Amended SPA is secured against the Corporation’s mineral properties until repayment of the original deposit of US$50,000,000.

As at June 30, 2018, the fair value of the embedded derivative was calculated based on the discounted future cash flows associated with the difference between the original US$3.90 per ounce production payment Wheaton would pay for each payable ounce delivered under the SPA and the new production payment under the Amended SPA which varies depending on the monthly silver head grade and silver price. The model relies upon inputs from the PEA, such as payable ounces delivered, head grade and silver price and will be updated as a result of updated studies, mine plans and actual production. A discount rate of 13%, representing the implied discount rate applied to the payment made under the Amended SPA was used to calculate the net present value. There was an adjustment of $663,000 recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2018 (2017 - $nil) primarily as a result of a reduction in silver price and reduction in value of the Canadian dollar during the period. See Guidance on Embedded Derivative below.

Capital Resources

On June 13, 2018, the Corporation issued a total of 4,703,000 flow-through common shares (the “Flow-Through Shares”) at a blended price of $1.92 per share for gross proceeds $9,041,150. As of June 30, 2018 the Corporation had spent $904,734 of the flow-through funds raised with $2,976,700 to be spent prior to December 31, 2018 and $5,159,716 to be spent prior to December 31, 2019.

On May 30, 2017, the Corporation completed a bought deal financing and issued 4,205,820 flow-through common shares on a private placement basis at a price of $2.15 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $9,042,513. As of June 30, 2018 the Corporation had spent $5,986,420 of the flow-through funds raised with $3,056,093 to be spent prior to December 31, 2018.

On February 23, 2018 the Corporation entered into a definitive credit agreement with Sprott to provide a US$15,000,000 Credit Facility. The Credit Facility has the following key terms:

Term of 3 years, Maturity Date - February 23, 2021
Interest rate on funds drawn down: the greater of
°7% plus US Dollar 3 month LIBOR and
°8% per annum, payable monthly
Repayable in quarterly installments from October 31, 2019 through to the Maturity Date
Upon draw down of funds a 3% charge of the draw down is charged
  - 12 - 
 

1,000,000 share purchase warrants were issued to Sprott with a five-year term, an exercise price of $2.25 per share and a right by the Corporation to accelerate the expiry date to 30 days following the closing price of the shares exceeding $5.63 for more than 20 consecutive trading days
Repayable in whole or in part, without penalty, provided not less than twelve (12) months of interest has been paid on any outstanding amount
The Corporation has the option to extend the availability period of draw down from twelve (12) to eighteen (18) months by issuing to Sprott 171,480 Alexco common shares before February 23, 2019.

On July 29, 2016 the Corporation filed a short form base shelf prospectus with the securities commissions in each of the Provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario and a corresponding amendment to its registration statement on Form F-10 (Registration Statement) with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the U.S./Canada Multijurisdictional Disclosure System, which would allow the Corporation to make offerings of common shares, warrants, subscription receipts and/or units up to an aggregate total of $50,000,000 during the 25-month period following July 29, 2016.

Guidance on Embedded Derivative

As discussed above, the valuation model for the embedded derivative related to the Wheaton SPA relies upon inputs from the PEA, such as payable ounces delivered and head grade, and will be updated as a result of updated studies, mine plans and actual production. Furthermore the valuation model for the embedded derivative has been updated to utilize a probability based dynamic pricing structure as opposed to a static pricing structure. As such, the discount rate used and silver price assumptions are updated quarterly based on the risk-free yield curve and silver price forward curve at quarter end.

Based on assumptions used in the dynamic valuation model the value of the derivative asset as at June 30, 2018 is $7,263,000. If the silver price were to drop to US$13 per ounce and all other assumptions remained the same, the approximate derivative asset value would be $9,045,000 and if the silver price were to increase to US$25 per ounce and all other assumptions remained the same, the approximate derivative asset value would be negative $831,000, which could be classified as a derivative liability. The impacts of these swings in derivative asset value will be recorded on the Statement of Profit and Loss through Other Income (Expenses).

The following table summarizes the expected stand-alone impact on the embedded derivative asset value based on changes in model inputs:

Dynamic Model Input Change Expected Impact on Embedded Derivative Asset Value
Silver Price Increase Decrease
Silver Price Volatility Increase Decrease
Mill Silver Head Grade Increase Decrease
Decrease in timeframe to reach production Increase
Foreign Exchange: US dollar appreciates compared to CDN dollar Increase
Risk Free Yield Increase Decrease
Expected Silver Ounces Mined Increase Increase

 

  - 13 - 
 

 

Management expects that changes in the fair market value of the embedded derivative asset prior to mine production will largely be driven by the risk-free yield curve and silver price forward curve as well as proximity to production date. These changes are expected to be nominal relative to a production scenario, at which time management expects the variability of the mark-to-market adjustments to increase significantly as silver ounces are mined and delivered to Wheaton.

Share Data

As at the date of this MD&A, the Corporation has 107,998,902 common shares issued and outstanding. In addition, there are outstanding incentive share options for a further 7,850,500 common shares, restricted share units that can be settled by way of shares issued from treasury for a further 273,989 common shares, and purchase warrants for a further 1,126,174.

Use of Financial Instruments

All of Alexco’s cash and cash equivalents at June 30, 2018 were held in the form of demand deposits. Alexco’s restricted cash and deposits were held in the form of term deposits and demand deposits. Alexco’s other financial instruments were its trade and other accounts receivable, its accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and its investment in marketable securities.

At June 30, 2018, a total of $2,631,000 of Alexco’s restricted cash and deposits represents cash collateral posted with a surety company in for the surety company to post a surety bond for security in respect of mine-site reclamation at certain of Alexco’s mineral properties. The balance of Alexco’s restricted cash and deposits represent security provided in respect of certain long-term operating lease commitments. The term deposits held at June 30, 2018 as individual financial instruments carry initial maturity periods of one year or less. They have been classified as investments held to maturity and accordingly are carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method. All term deposits held are high grade, low risk investments, generally yielding between 1% and 2% per annum, and their carrying amounts approximate their fair values given their short terms and low yields.

The carrying amounts of Alexco’s trade and other accounts receivable and accounts payable and accrued liabilities are estimated to reasonably approximate their fair values, while the carrying amount of investments in marketable securities are marked to fair value at each balance sheet date. The fair values of all of Alexco’s financial instruments measured at June 30, 2018, other than the marketable securities that are included in investments, constitute Level 2 measurements within the fair value hierarchy defined under IFRS. The fair value of the investments in marketable securities constitute as Level 1 measurements.

Substantially all of Alexco’s cash, demand deposits and term deposits are held with major financial institutions in Canada. With respect to these instruments, management believes the exposure to credit risk is insignificant due to the nature of the institutions with which they are held, and that the exposure to liquidity and interest rate risk is similarly insignificant given the low-risk-premium yields and the demand or short-maturity-period character of the deposits.

  - 14 - 
 

 

Alexco’s accounts and other receivables at June 30, 2018 total $4,477,000, comprised primarily of AEG trade receivables and goods and services tax refunds receivable from government. Alexco’s maximum credit risk exposure in respect of its receivables is represented by their carrying amount. Management actively monitors exposure to credit risk under its receivables, particularly AEG trade receivables, and considers the risk of loss to be significantly mitigated due to the financial strength of AEG’s major customers which include government organizations as well as substantial corporate entities.

Substantially all of Alexco’s property, plant and equipment and mineral properties are located in Canada; all of its mining operations and mineral exploration occur in Canada; and a significant majority of AEG’s revenues are earned in Canada. However, a portion of AEG’s revenues are in US dollars, and receivables arising therefrom are accordingly denominated in US dollars. Also, while a significant majority of the Corporation’s operating costs are denominated in Canadian dollars, it does have some exposure to costs, and therefore accounts payable and accrued liabilities, denominated in US dollars.

The Corporation has not employed any hedging activities in respect of the prices for its payable metals or for its exposure to fluctuations in the value of the US dollar.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Alexco has no off-balance sheet arrangements.

Related Party Transactions

The Corporation’s related parties include its subsidiaries and key management personnel:

Key Management Personnel Compensation

 

(a)Key Management Personnel Compensation
  

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

Six Months Ended

   2018  2017  2018  2017
             
Salaries and other short-term benefits  $481   $502   $1,078   $1,267 
Share-based compensation   555    489    1,574    1,431 
   $1,036   $991   $2,652   $2,698 

 

Key management includes the Corporation’s Board of Directors and members of senior management.

 

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments

The Corporation’s significant accounting policies as well as significant judgment and estimates are presented in Notes 3 and 5 of Alexco’s December 31, 2017 annual consolidated financial statements, except for those policies disclosed in Note 3 of the 2018-Q2 Interim F/S. Note 4 of the 2018-Q2 Interim F/S Interim discloses the effects of the adoption of new IFRS pronouncements and changes in existing accounting policies for all periods presented. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and the valuation of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenditures during the period reported. Actual outcomes could differ from these estimates. The consolidated financial statements include estimates which, by their nature, are uncertain. The impacts of such estimates are pervasive throughout the consolidated financial statements, and may require accounting adjustments based on future occurrences. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which an estimate is revised and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

  - 15 - 
 

 

Significant judgments about the future and other sources of estimation uncertainty at the financial position reporting date, including those that could result in a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities, in the event that actual results differ from assumptions made include, but are not limited to, the following:

Mineral Resources

The determination of the Corporation’s estimated mineral resources by appropriately qualified persons requires significant judgements regarding the interpretation of complex geological and engineering data including the size, depth, shape and nature of the deposit and anticipated plans for mining, as well as estimates of future commodity prices, foreign exchange rates, capital requirements and production costs. These mineral resource estimates are used in many determinations required to prepare the Corporation’s financial statements, including evaluating the recoverability of the carrying amount of its non-current non-financial assets and estimating amounts of future taxable income in determining whether to record a deferred tax asset.

Impairment and Impairment Reversals of Non-Current Non-Financial Assets

The Corporation reviews and evaluates the carrying value of each of its non-current non-financial assets for impairment and impairment reversals when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the related asset may not be recoverable or previous impairment losses may become recoverable. The identification of such events or changes and the performance of the assessment requires significant judgment. Furthermore, management’s estimates of many of the factors relevant to completing this assessment, including commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates, mineral resources, and operating, capital and reclamation costs, are subject to risks and estimation uncertainties that may further affect the determination of the recoverability of the carrying amounts of its non-current non-financial assets.

Management has assessed indicators of impairment and impairment reversals on the Corporation’s non-current non-financial assets and has concluded that no impairment or impairment reversal indicators exists as of June 30, 2018.

Decommissioning and Rehabilitation Provision

Management’s determination of the Corporation’s decommissioning and rehabilitation provision is based on the reclamation and closure activities it anticipates as being required, the additional contingent mitigation measures it identifies as potentially being required and its assessment of the likelihood of such contingent measures being required, and its estimate of the probable costs and timing of such activities and measures. Significant judgements must be made when determining such reclamation and closure activities and measures required and potentially required.

  - 16 - 
 

 

Fair value of derivatives

The fair values of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market are determined using valuation techniques. Management uses its judgment to select a method of valuation and makes estimates of specific model inputs that are based on conditions existing at the end of each reporting period. Refer to Note 4 of the 2018-Q2 Interim F/S for further details on the methods and assumptions associated with the measurement of the embedded derivative.

Streaming transaction

Upon entering into a long-term streaming arrangement linked to production at operations, judgment is required in assessing the appropriate accounting treatment for the transaction on the closing date and in future periods. We consider the specific terms of the arrangement to determine whether we have disposed of an interest in the reserves and resources of the operation or executed some other form of arrangement. This assessment considers what the counterparty is entitled to and the associated risks and rewards attributable to them over the life of the operation. These include the contractual terms related to the total production over the life of the arrangement as compared to the expected production over the life of the mine, the percentage being sold, the percentage of payable metals produced, the commodity price referred to in the ongoing payment and any guarantee relating to the upfront payment if production ceases.

Share-Based Compensation and Payments

The cost of incentive share options and other equity-settled share-based compensation and payment arrangements is recorded based on the estimated fair value at the grant date and charged to earnings over the vesting period. With respect to incentive share options, grant-date fair value is measured using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. With respect to restricted share units, grant-date fair value is determined by reference to the share price of the Corporation at the date of grant. Where share-based compensation awards are subject to vesting, each vesting tranche is considered a separate award with its own vesting period and grant-date fair value. Share-based compensation expense is recognized over the tranche’s vesting period by a charge to earnings, based on the number of awards expected to vest. The number of awards expected to vest is reviewed at least annually, with any impact being recognized immediately.

Warrants

If and when the Corporation issues units that are comprised of a combination of shares and warrants, the value is assigned to shares and warrants based on their relative fair values. The fair value of the shares is determined by the closing price on the date of the transaction and the fair value of the warrants is determined based on a Black-Scholes option pricing model.

 

 

 

  - 17 - 
 

 

Changes In and Initial Adoption of Accounting Standards and Policies

The Corporation has adopted the new IFRS pronouncements listed below as at January 1, 2018, in accordance with the transitional provisions outlined in the respective standards and described below. In light of the changes to the revenue standard to IFRS 15, management has changed their treatment under IFRS 6 for the partial distribution of the mineral interest.

a)Adjustments to Consolidated Financial Statements

The table below summarizes the adjustments to previously reported figures related to the policy change from IFRS 6:

Adjustments to Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

  

December 31

2017

   

June 30

2017

       January 1 2017  
                   
Equity before accounting changes  $100,060     $103,971     $ 90,673  
   Adjustments to equity relating to:                      
       Property plant and equipment   2,117      2,201       2,283  
       Mineral properties   (10,229)     (10,229)      (10,229 )
       Deferred income tax liabilities   2,390      2,390       2,390  
       Silver streaming interest   18,118      18,118       18,118  
                       
  Equity after accounting changes  $112,456     $116,451     $ 103,235  

 

Adjustments to Condensed Consolidated Statements of Loss and Comprehensive Loss

  

 

Year ended

December 31

2017

 

Six months ended

June 30

2017

 

 

Year ended

January 1

2017

          
Loss before accounting changes  $(7,648)  $(3,627)  $(4,359)
   Adjustments to loss relating to:               
       Depreciation and amortization   (165)   (82)   (165)
                
  Loss after accounting changes  $(7,813)  $(3,709)  $(4,524)
                
Loss per share after accounting changes:               
  Basic and diluted  $(0.08)  $(0.04)  $(0.05)

 

The Corporation has assessed the impact of IFRS 15 on its silver streaming arrangement with Wheaton. At the date the transaction was completed, the Corporation determined that the contract is a sale of a mineral interest and a related contract to provide extraction services. At the time of the arrangement, the related property was E&E and thus we have retrospectively applied a different policy under IFRS 6 to the receipt of that deposit at that point in time, in order to avoid any complications under IFRS 15. Under its existing policy, the Corporation applies the provisions of IFRS 6, which allows for an accounting policy choice to either apply the proceeds received as a credit to the carrying value of the exploration and evaluation (“E&E”) asset, or account for the transaction as a partial sale, with deferral of the gain, to be recognized on a units-of-production sold basis. Upon the effective date of IFRS 15, the Corporation will continue to apply the accounting for the Wheaton arrangement under IFRS 6 but has elected to change the policy to apply the proceeds received as a credit to the carrying value of the E&E asset. Management believes this approach to be more relevant and reliable.

  - 18 - 
 

 

Specifically, the USD $50,000,000 initial deposit recorded as consideration was applied against the carrying value of the mineral interest, with a gain being recognized to the extent that the value of the consideration exceeds the value of the mineral interest.

Overview of Changes to IFRS

The Corporation adopted IFRS 15 on January 1, 2018 in accordance with the transitional provisions of the standard, applying a modified retrospective approach in restating our prior period financial information.

IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers deals with revenue recognition and establishes principles for reporting useful information to users of financial statements about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from an entity’s contracts with customers. Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of a good or service and thus has the ability to direct the use and obtain the benefits from the good or service. The standard replaces IAS 18, Revenue and IAS 11, Construction contracts and related interpretations. Management’s primary focus was evaluating contracts under its Environmental Services business, as this is currently the Corporation’s primary source of revenue. Based on this analysis, the Corporation does not have significant changes to the timing and amount of its revenue recognition related to from environmental services under IFRS 15, as the majority of its contracts contain a single performance obligation. Consequently, consistent with the Corporation’s existing policy, revenue is recognized “over time”, as the services are provided.

IFRS 9, Financial Instruments, addresses the classification, measurement and recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities. It replaces the guidance in IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement that relate to the classification and measurement of financial instruments. IFRS 9 retains but simplifies the mixed measurement model and establishes three primary measurement categories for financial assets: amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”). The basis of classification depends on the entity’s business model for managing its financial instruments and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the instrument. For financial liabilities, the standard retains most of the IAS 39 requirements. The main change for liabilities is that, in cases where the fair value option is taken for financial liabilities, the part of a fair value change due to an entity’s own credit risk is recorded in OCI rather than in net earnings. The Corporation has made the irrevocable classification choice to record fair value changes on its equity investments in OCI (Note 15). This election resulted in a nil reclassification from the Corporation’s retained earnings to accumulated OCI, on January 1, 2018.

Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents and trade receivables. While the Corporation is exposed to credit losses due to the non-performance of its counterparties, there are no significant concentrations of credit risk and the Corporation does not consider this to be a material risk. The Corporations customers with whom the current business operations are with include government bodies and reputable businesses.

The Corporation has reviewed its expected credit losses on its trade receivables carried at fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”) on transition to IFRS 9. The Corporation has also implemented a process for managing provisions related to trade receivables going forward under IFRS 9. For its trade receivables, the Corporation applies the simplified approach for determining expected credit losses, which require the Corporation to determine the lifetime, expected losses for all its trade receivables. The expected lifetime credit loss provision for its trade receivables is based on historical counterparty default rates and adjusted for relevant forward looking information, when required. As the majority of its customers are considered to have low default risk and the Corporation does not extend credit to customers with a high default risk, the historical default rates are low and the lifetime expected credit loss allowance for trade receivables is nominal as at January 1, 2018 and March 31, 2018. Accordingly, the Corporation did not record any adjustment relating to the implementation of the expected credit loss model for its trade receivables.

  - 19 - 
 

 

The Corporation has assessed the classification and measurement of its financial assets and financial liabilities under IFRS 9 and have summarized the original measurement categories under IAS 39 and the new measurement categories under IFRS 9 in the following table:

  Original classification
 IAS 39
New classification
 IFRS 9
Financial Assets    
Cash and cash equivalents Amortized cost Amortized cost
Short-term deposits Amortized cost Amortized cost
Equity securities Available-for-sale FVOCI
Warrants Available-for-sale FVTPL
Trade accounts receivable Amortized cost Amortized cost
Other receivables Amortized cost Amortized cost
Derivative assets FVTPL FVTPL
Restricted cash Amortized cost Amortized cost
     
Financial Liabilities    
Trade and other payables Amortized cost Amortized cost
Derivative liabilities FVTPL FVTPL


There are no other IFRS’s or International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (“IFRIC”) interpretations that are not yet effective that are expected to have a material impact on the Corporation.

Internal Control Over Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Financial Reporting

Internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with the accounting principles under which the Corporation’s financial statements are prepared. As required under National Instrument 52-109, management advises that there have been no changes in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the most recent interim period, being the six months ended June 30, 2018, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.

Risk Factors

For a detailed listing of major risk factors management has identified which relates to Alexco’s business activities, please refer to Alexco’s MD&A and Annual Information Form for the year ended December 31, 2017.

  - 20 - 
 

Summary of Resources

The following table sets forth the estimated resources for the Corporation’s mineral properties:

Category1,2,8  Property  Tonnes 

Ag

(g/t)

  Au (g/t)  Pb (%) 

Zn

(%)

  Contained Ag (oz)
                      
Indicated        Bellekeno Deposit3&4   262,000    585    n/a    3.5%   5.3%  4,927,000
         Lucky Queen Deposit3&5   132,300    1,167    0.2    2.4%   1.6%  4,964,000
         Flame & Moth Deposit3&5   1,679,000    498    0.4    1.9%   5.3%  26,883,000
         Onek3&5   700,200    191    0.6    1.2%   11.9%  4,300,000
         Bermingham3&5   858,000    628    0.1    2.4%   1.7%  17,324,000
         Total Indicated - Sub-Surface   3,631,500    500    0.3    2.0%   5.6%  58,398,000
         Elsa Tailings6   2,490,000    119    0.1    1.0%   0.7%  9,527,000
         Total Indicated - All Deposits   6,121,500    345    0.3    1.6%   3.6%  67,925,000
                                       
Inferred        Bellekeno Deposit3&4   243,000    428    n/a    4.1%   5.1%  3,344,000
         Lucky Queen Deposit3&5   257,900    473    0.1    1.0%   0.8%  3,922,000
         Flame & Moth Deposit3&5   365,200    356    0.3    0.5%   4.3%  4,180,000
         Onek3&5   285,100    118    0.4    1.2%   8.3%  1,082,000
         Bermingham3&5   220,000    770    0.2    2.1%   2.2%  5,446,000
         Total Inferred   1,371,200    408    0.2    1.6%   4.3%  17,974,000
                                       
Historical        Silver King7                             
Resources    - Proven, probable and indicated   99,000    1,354    n/a    1.6%   0.1%  4,310,000
          - Inferred   22,500    1,456    n/a    0.1%   n/a   1,057,000

 

Notes:

1.All mineral resources are classified following the CIM Definition Standards for Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves (May 2014), in accordance with the CIM Estimation of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves Best Practice Guidelines and the guidelines of NI 43-101.
2.Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. All numbers have been rounded to reflect the relative accuracy of the estimates.
3.The Keno Hill Silver District is comprised of five deposits: Bellekeno, Lucky Queen and Flame & Moth, Onek and Bermingham, of which Bellekeno, Lucky Queen, Flame & Moth and Bermingham are incorporated into the current mine plan outlined in the technical report filed on SEDAR dated March 29, 2017 entitled “Preliminary Economic Assessment of the Keno Hill Silver District Project, Yukon, Canada”. The mineral resource estimates for the project are supported by disclosure in the news release dated March 29, 2017 entitled “Alexco and Silver Wheaton Amend Silver Purchase Agreement and Alexco Announces Positive Preliminary Economic Assessment for Expanded Silver Production at Keno Hill”.
4.The resource estimates for the Bellekeno deposit are based on a geologic resource estimate having an effective date of September 30, 2012. The Bellekeno indicated mineral resources are as at September 30, 2013, and reflect the geologic resource less estimated subsequent depletion from mine production.
5.The resource estimates for the Lucky Queen, Flame & Moth, Onek and Bermingham deposits have an effective date of January 3, 2017.
6.The resource estimate for the Elsa Tailings has an effective date of April 22, 2010, and is supported by the technical report dated June 16, 2010 entitled “Mineral Resource Estimation, Elsa Tailings Project, Yukon, Canada”.
7.Historical resources for Silver King are supported by disclosure in the news release dated March 29, 2017 entitled “Alexco and Silver Wheaton Amend Silver Purchase Agreement and Alexco Announces Positive Preliminary Economic Assessment for Expanded Silver Production at Keno Hill”.
8.The disclosure regarding the summary of estimated resources for Alexco’s mineral properties within the Keno Hill District has been reviewed and approved by Neil Chambers, P.Eng., Mine Superintendent and a Qualified Person as defined by NI 43-101.

 

 

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Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This MD&A contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and forward-looking information within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities laws (together, “forward-looking statements”) concerning the Corporation's business plans, including but not limited to anticipated results and developments in the Corporation’s operations in future periods, planned exploration and development of its mineral properties, plans related to its business and other matters that may occur in the future, made as of the date of this MD&A.

Forward-looking statements may include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to future remediation and reclamation activities, future mineral exploration, the estimation of mineral reserves and mineral resources, the realization of mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates, future mine construction and development activities, future mine operation and production, the timing of activities, the requirements for additional capital and sources and uses of funds. Any statements that express or involve discussions with respect to predictions, expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance (often, but not always, using words or phrases such as “expects”, “anticipates”, “plans”, “estimates”, “intends”, “strategy”, “goals”, “objectives” or stating that certain actions, events or results “may”, “could”, “would”, “might” or “will” be taken, occur or be achieved, or the negative of any of these terms and similar expressions) are not statements of historical fact and may be “forward-looking statements”.

Forward-looking statements are subject to a variety of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which could cause actual events or results to differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Such factors include, but are not limited to, risks related to actual results and timing of exploration and development activities; actual results and timing of mining activities; actual results and timing of environmental services operations; actual results and timing of remediation and reclamation activities; conclusions of economic evaluations; changes in project parameters as plans continue to be refined; future prices of silver, gold, lead, zinc and other commodities; possible variations in mineable resources, grade or recovery rates; failure of plant, equipment or processes to operate as anticipated; accidents, labour disputes and other risks of the mining industry; First Nation rights and title; continued capitalization and commercial viability; global economic conditions; competition; and delays in obtaining governmental approvals or financing or in the completion of development activities. Furthermore, forward-looking statements are statements about the future and are inherently uncertain, and actual achievements of the Corporation or other future events or conditions may differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements due to a variety of risks, uncertainties and other factors, including but not limited to those referred to in this MD&A under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere.

Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions that management believes are reasonable at the time they are made. In making the forward-looking statements included in this AIF, the Corporation has applied several material assumptions, including, but not limited to, the assumption that: (1) additional financing needed for the capacity related refund under the silver purchase agreement with Wheaton will be available on reasonable terms; (2) additional financing needed for further exploration and development work on the Corporation's properties will be available on reasonable terms; (3) the proposed development of its mineral projects will be viable operationally and economically and proceed as planned; (4) market fundamentals will result in sustained silver, gold, lead and zinc demand and prices, and such prices will not be materially lower than those estimated by management in preparing the annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017; (5) market fundamentals will result in sustained silver, gold, lead and zinc demand and prices, and such prices will be materially consistent with or more favourable than those anticipated in the PEA (as defined under "Description of the Business - KHSD Property"); (6) the actual nature, size and grade of its mineral resources are materially consistent with the resource estimates reported in the supporting technical reports; (7) labor and other industry services will be available to the Corporation at prices consistent with internal estimates; (8) the continuances of existing and, in certain circumstances, proposed tax and royalty regimes; and (9) that other parties will continue to meet and satisfy their contractual obligations to the Corporation. Statements concerning mineral reserve and resource estimates may also be deemed to constitute forward-looking information to the extent that they involve estimates of the mineralization that will be encountered if the property is developed. Other material factors and assumptions are discussed throughout this MD&A and, in particular, under both “Critical Accounting Estimates” and “Risk Factors”.

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The Corporation's forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs, expectations and opinions of management on the date the statements are made and should not be relied on as representing the Corporation's views on any subsequent date. While the Corporation anticipates that subsequent events may cause its views to change, the Corporation specifically disclaims any intention or any obligation to update forward-looking statements if circumstances or management's beliefs, expectations or opinions should change, except as required by applicable law. For the reasons set forth above, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements.

Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors - Information Concerning Preparation of Resource Estimates

This MD&A has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the securities laws in effect in Canada, which differ from the requirements of United States securities laws. The terms “mineral reserve”, “proven mineral reserve” and “probable mineral reserve” are Canadian mining terms as defined in accordance with NI 43-101 and the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (the “CIM”) - CIM Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, adopted by the CIM Council, as amended. These definitions differ from the definitions in the United States Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) Industry Guide 7 under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Under SEC Industry Guide 7 standards, mineralization cannot be classified as a “reserve” unless the determination has been made that the mineralization could be economically and legally extracted at the time the reserve determination is made. As applied under SEC Industry Guide 7, a “final” or “bankable” feasibility study is required to report reserves, the three-year historical average price is used in any reserve or cash flow analysis to designate reserves, and all necessary permits and government authorizations must be filed with the appropriate governmental authority.

In addition, the terms “mineral resource”, “measured mineral resource”, “indicated mineral resource” and “inferred mineral resource” are defined in and required to be disclosed by NI 43-101; however, these terms are not defined terms under SEC Industry Guide 7 and are normally not permitted to be used in reports and registration statements filed with the SEC. Investors are cautioned not to assume that all or any part of a mineral deposit in these categories will ever be converted into reserves. “Inferred mineral resources” have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Under Canadian rules, estimates of inferred mineral resources may not form the basis of feasibility or pre-feasibility studies, except in rare cases. Investors are cautioned not to assume that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource exists or is economically or legally mineable. Disclosure of “contained ounces” in a resource is permitted disclosure under Canadian regulations; however, the SEC normally only permits issuers to report mineralization that does not constitute “reserves” by SEC Industry Guide 7 standards as in place tonnage and grade without reference to unit measures.

Accordingly, information concerning mineral deposits contained in this MD&A may not be comparable to similar information made public by U.S. companies subject to the reporting and disclosure requirements under the United States federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. 

 

 

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