-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, PKV4q3xuyvETJcr60W44ZKuf45/IES1yGVI43TtoYo7g9GXDrtB3Jrc13kBRfyWK BIIAqQI9HuBBLBiqQYKa5Q== 0000950152-08-002278.txt : 20080325 0000950152-08-002278.hdr.sgml : 20080325 20080325162622 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000950152-08-002278 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 7 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20071231 FILED AS OF DATE: 20080325 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20080325 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: DCP Holding CO CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001361025 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: HOSPITAL & MEDICAL SERVICE PLANS [6324] IRS NUMBER: 201291244 STATE OF INCORPORATION: OH FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-51954 FILM NUMBER: 08709639 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 100 CROWNE POINT PLACE CITY: SHARONVILLE STATE: OH ZIP: 45241 BUSINESS PHONE: 513-554-1100 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 100 CROWNE POINT PLACE CITY: SHARONVILLE STATE: OH ZIP: 45241 10-K 1 l30621ae10vk.htm DCP HOLDING COMPANY 10-K DCP Holding Company 10-K
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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
 
 
 
 
Form 10-K
 
Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For this fiscal year ended December 31, 2007
 
 
 
Commission File Number: 000-51954
DCP HOLDING COMPANY
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)
 
     
Ohio
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
  20-1291244
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
100 Crowne Point Place
Sharonville, Ohio
(Address of Principal Executive Office)
  45241
(Zip Code)
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(513) 554-1100
 
 
 
 
Securities to be registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act:
 
     
Title of Each Class
  Name of Each Exchange on Which
to be so Registered
 
Each Class is to be Registered
 
NOT APPLICABLE   NOT APPLICABLE
 
Securities to be registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the act:
 
Class A Redeemable Common Shares, no par value
Class B Redeemable Common Shares, no par value
(Title of Class)
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  YES o     NO þ
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  YES o     NO þ
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  YES þ      NO o
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
             
Large accelerated filer o
         Accelerated filer o   Non-accelerated filer þ
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  Smaller reporting Company o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  YES o     NO þ
 
As of July 1, 2007, the aggregate book value of the registrant’s Redeemable Common Shares, without par value, held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $4.6 million. The value of a redeemable common share is based on the book value per share in accordance with the Company’s Articles of Incorporation and Code of Regulations. As of July 1, 2007, the number of Class A and Class B Redeemable Common Shares outstanding was 659 and 7,694, respectively.
 
The number of Class A and Class B Redeemable Common Shares, without par value, outstanding as of March 7, 2008 was 651 and 7,793, respectively.
 
 
 
 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
 
Definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 23, 2008, into Part III, Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14
 


 

 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
                 
        Page
 
      Business     1  
      Risk Factors     12  
      Unresolved staff comments     16  
      Properties     16  
      Legal proceedings     16  
      Submission of matters to a vote of security holders     16  
 
PART II
      Market for registrant’s common equity, related stockholder matters and issurer purchases of equity securities     17  
      Selected financial data     18  
      Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations     19  
      Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk     37  
      Financial statements and supplementary data     39  
      Changes in and disagreements with accountants on accounting and financial disclosure     60  
      Controls and procedures     60  
      Other information     60  
 
PART III
      Directors, executive officers and corporate governance     61  
      Executive compensation     61  
      Security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management and related stockholder matters     61  
      Certain relationships and related transactions     61  
      Principal accounting fees and services     61  
 
PART IV
      Exhibit, financial statements schedules     62  
    68  
 EX-10.2
 EX-10.3
 EX-10.10
 EX-31.1
 EX-31.2
 EX-32.1


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FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
This report contains forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections entitled “Item 1. Business” and “Item 7. Financial Information — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” You can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” “intend,” “potential,” “likely will result,” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions.
 
These forward-looking statements reflect our current expectations and views about future events and speak only as of the date of this report. The forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, include, among others: claims costs exceeding our estimates, a downgrade in our financial strength rating, competitive pressures, changes in demand for dental benefits and other economic conditions, the loss of a significant customer or broker, the occurrence or non-occurrence of circumstances beyond our control, and those items contained in the section entitled “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect future events, information or circumstances that arise after the date of this report.


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PART I
 
ITEM 1.   BUSINESS
 
Overview
 
Headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, Dental Care Plus Group, or DCPG or the Company, offers to employer groups of all sizes health maintenance organization (“HMO”), participating provider organization (“PPO”) and indemnity plans for dental care services. As of December 31, 2007, we had approximately 238,100 members in our dental benefits programs with 1,972 dentists participating in our two provider networks in Southwestern Ohio, Northern Kentucky, Central Kentucky and Southeastern Indiana. In addition we had approximately 6,900 members in our vision benefit program. We market our products through a network of independent brokers.
 
DCP Holding Company is the parent holding company of DCPG, which includes wholly-owned subsidiaries Dental Care Plus, Inc., or Dental Care Plus, an Ohio corporation, Insurance Associates Plus, Inc., or Insurance Associates Plus, an Ohio corporation, and Adenta, Inc., or Adenta, a Kentucky corporation. We are owned and controlled primarily by approximately 653 dentists who participate in our Dental Care Plus plans.
 
Dental Care Plus, which accounts for approximately 99% of our consolidated revenues, was established in 1986 as a provider-owned, specialty health insuring corporation licensed in the State of Ohio. On July 2, 2004, shareholder ownership of Dental Care Plus was reorganized into ownership of DCP Holding Company. As a result of the reorganization, which was implemented through a shareholder approved merger, each issued and outstanding common share of Dental Care Plus was converted into one Class A Redeemable Common Share and one Class B Redeemable Common Share of DCP Holding Company. On August 31, 2005, we issued ten additional Class B Redeemable Common Shares to each of our shareholders in the form of a stock dividend.
 
The reorganization of Dental Care Plus into the Dental Care Plus Group was part of management’s strategic plan to create a corporate structure that would facilitate continued growth of existing businesses while at the same time providing management with greater flexibility to make acquisitions of related businesses and obtain growth capital. The reorganization was also designed to provide more liquidity opportunity to our holders of common shares.
 
On December 18, 2006, the Ohio Department of Insurance approved Dental Care Plus, Inc.’s application for a life and health insurance license. As an Ohio-domiciled insurance company dually licensed as a life and health insurer and a specialty health insuring corporation, Dental Care Plus is now able to underwrite dental indemnity, dental PPO, dental HMO, and vision benefit products as well as other life and health oriented products in Ohio.
 
Business Segments
 
We manage our business with three segments: fully-insured dental HMO, self-insured dental HMO, and corporate, all other. Corporate, All Other consists primarily of certain corporate activities and three product lines: DentaSelect PPO, DentaPremier indemnity, and Vision Care Plus PPO. We have identified our segments in accordance with the aggregation provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) 131, Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information, which is consistent with information used by our Chief Executive Officer in managing our business. The segment information aggregates products with similar economic characteristics. These characteristics include the nature of employer groups and pricing, benefits and underwriting requirements.
 
The results of our fully-insured and self-insured HMO segments are measured by gross profit. We do not measure the results of our Corporate, All Other segment. We do not allocate selling, general and administrative expenses, investment and other income, interest expense, or other assets or liabilities to our fully-insured and self-insured segments. These items are retained in our Corporate, All Other segment. Our segments do not share overhead costs and assets.
 
On June 2, 2005, we acquired Adenta, a network-based discount dental company via a merger pursuant to which DCP Acquisition Corp., a wholly-owned subsidiary of DCP Holding Company, was merged with and into


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Adenta. Adenta was acquired for a purchase price of $250,000 plus the assumption of $241,985 in debt. Adenta was previously owned by its dental provider shareholders.
 
We acquired Adenta in order to obtain approximately 10,000 members consisting of approximately 7,000 group members and 3,000 individual members, and a provider network of approximately 500 dentists. Certain aspects of the Adenta acquisition are more fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. Of the 10,000 acquired Adenta members, as of December 31, 2007 no members continue to be Adenta members and approximately 5,600 of the group members have been transitioned to either our dental HMO or PPO product. The rest elected not to renew their Adenta plan or transition to another one of our products.
 
Managed Dental Benefits Market
 
According to the National Association of Dental Plans (“NADP”), in 2006 approximately 12.2 million persons residing in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana were covered by some form of dental benefit through employer-sponsored group plans, other group or individual plans, or publicly funded dental coverage. This represents approximately 56% of the population of these states. This enrollment level represents an increase of approximately 8% from the estimated 2005 enrollment level in these states.
 
The following table shows the estimated 2006 and 2005 dental enrollment statistics for Ohio and Kentucky, the two states where we have group dental business:
 
                                         
    Ohio  
    Estimated
          Estimated
          %
 
    2006
    % of
    2005
    % of
    Change
 
    Enrollment     Total     Enrollment     Total     2005 to 2006  
 
Dental HMO
    381,096       6 %     317,822       5 %     20 %
Dental PPO
    3,484,872       52 %     3,213,765       52 %     8 %
Dental Indemnity
    995,654       15 %     1,107,676       18 %     (10 )%
Discount Dental
    365,504       6 %     232,385       4 %     57 %
Direct Reimbursement
    33,335       1 %     32,865       1 %     1 %
Publicly Funded
    1,328,569       20 %     1,221,712       20 %     9 %
                                         
Total Dental
    6,589,030       100 %     6,126,225       100 %     8 %
 
                                         
    Kentucky  
    Estimated
          Estimated
          %
 
    2006
    % of
    2005
    % of
    Change
 
    Enrollment     Total     Enrollment     Total     2005 to 2006  
 
Dental HMO
    96,250       4 %     122,301       6 %     (21 )%
Dental PPO
    1,066,891       46 %     835,910       38 %     28 %
Dental Indemnity
    353,685       15 %     399,195       19 %     (11 )%
Discount Dental
    125,000       5 %     125,000       6 %     0 %
Direct Reimbursement
          0 %           0 %     0 %
Publicly Funded
    691,000       30 %     656,450       31 %     5 %
                                         
Total Dental
    2,332,826       100 %     2,138,856       100 %     9 %
 
Source:  NADP & Delta Dental Association, Ohio Department of Jobs and Family Services and the Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services
 
The NADP data indicates that the dental PPO portion of the total enrollment in Ohio was 52% in 2006 compared to 52% in 2005 and in Kentucky was 46% in 2006 compared to 38% in 2005. Dental HMO enrollment increased to 6% of total dental enrollment in Ohio in 2006 compared to 5% in 2005, and decreased in Kentucky from 6% in 2005 to 4% in 2006. Discount dental enrollment in Ohio increased in Ohio from 4% in 2005 to 6% in 2006, and decreased in Kentucky from 6% in 2005 to 5% in 2006.


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Over 97% of our total revenues are derived from dental HMO products. Total dental HMO enrollment increased in Ohio in 2006 compared to 2005, and total dental HMO enrollment decreased in Kentucky in 2006 compared to 2005. Our enrollment increased 15% in 2006 compared to 2005 and 12% in 2007 compared to 2006.
 
Our Products
 
The following table presents our product membership, premiums and administrative services only, or ASO, fees in our respective business segments for the year ended December 31, 2007:
 
                                         
                            Percent
 
                      Total
    of Total
 
                      Premium
    Premium
 
    Membership     Premiums     ASO Fees     Revenue     Revenue  
    (Dollars in thousands)  
 
Fully-Insured Dental HMO
    133,700     $ 38,496     $     $ 38,496       64.2 %
Self-Insured Dental HMO
    84,300       18,724 (1)     1,044 (2)     19,768       33.0 %
Other Products
    27,000       1,209       477       1,686       2.8 %
                                         
Total
    245,000     $ 58,429     $ 1,521     $ 59,950       100.0 %
 
 
(1) Self-insured dental HMO premium revenue or premium equivalent revenue is based on the gross amount of claims incurred by self-insured members and is recognized as revenue when those claims are incurred.
 
(2) Self-insured ASO fees are the administrative fees we charge to self-insured employers to manage their provider network and process and pay claims. ASO fees are recognized as revenue when they are earned.
 
Our products primarily consist of dental HMO, dental PPO and dental indemnity plans, with dental HMO products constituting 97% of our total revenues. All of our products are marketed to employer groups. Our business model allows us to offer dental benefit products including broad networks of participating dentists while at the same time promoting the use of private practice fee-for-service dentistry, a primary interest of our participating dentists. The dental benefit products we offer currently vary depending on geographic market. Our objective is to offer our dental HMO products in all markets we serve, in both fully-insured or self-insured forms. Similar to our competitors’ dental PPO products, our dental HMO products provide members with access to a broad provider network.
 
We currently market our dental HMO, dental PPO, and dental indemnity plans to employers in select Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana counties.
 
In general, our other, non-HMO products are offered in all counties in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. We do not, however, offer our PPO product in the eight county area Dental Care Plus has been serving since 1986. This area, which we refer to as our original eight county service area, includes Butler, Clermont, Hamilton and Warren counties in Ohio, and Boone, Campbell, Kenton and Pendleton counties in Kentucky.
 
In the markets outside of our original eight county service area, including Dayton/Springfield, Ohio and Louisville and Lexington, Kentucky, our products are often offered to employer groups as “bundles,” where the subscribers are offered a combination of dental HMO, dental PPO and dental indemnity options, with various employer contribution strategies as determined by the employer.
 
Individuals become subscribers of our dental plans through their employers. Qualified family members of these subscribers become members through such individuals. Employers pay for all or part of the premiums, and make payroll deductions for any premiums payable by the employees.
 
Fully-Insured Dental HMO
 
Our fully-insured dental HMO products segment includes our Dental Care Plus dental HMO plan. Under our dental HMO plan, premiums are paid to Dental Care Plus by the employer, and members receive access to our dentist network in their region. Plan designs range from full premium payouts by the employer to shared contributions of varying proportions by the employer and its employees to full payment by the employees. There are no waiting periods and there is no balance billing in our fully-insured dental HMO. Covered dental services are


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segmented into three categories: preventative, basic and major services, typically covered at 100%, 80% and 50%, respectively. In most cases, each member has a $1,000 annual maximum benefit and $1,000 lifetime orthodontia maximum benefit. For the year ended December 31, 2007, fully-insured dental HMO premiums totaled approximately $38.5 million, or 64% of our total premiums and ASO fees.
 
Self-insured Dental HMO
 
Our self-insured dental HMO segment includes only our ASO product, which we offer through Dental Care Plus to employers who self-insure their employee dental plans. These employers pay all claims according to our fee schedule. We receive fees to provide administrative services that generally include the processing of claims, offering access to our provider networks, and responding to customer service inquiries from members of these plans. This product is offered only to larger employer groups that have the financial resources to bear the claims risk for the dental benefits of employees and their family members. Self-insured employers retain the risk of financing substantially all of the cost of dental benefits. Self-insured employers may purchase stop loss insurance coverage from third-party carriers to limit aggregate annual costs. For the year ended December 31, 2007, self-insured ASO fees totaled approximately $19.8 million, or 33% of our total premiums and ASO fees.
 
Corporate, All Other
 
We offer dental PPO and dental indemnity products underwritten by Dental Care Plus. We also offer dental PPO, dental indemnity and vision PPO benefit plans that are underwritten by third-party insurance carriers. Our subsidiary, Insurance Associates, is an insurance agency licensed in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana that markets our third-party dental PPO and vision benefit products. Insurance Associates earns commissions and administrative fees based on members enrolled in the dental PPO and vision benefit plans. Our dental indemnity product, DentaPremier, is marketed by our internal sales staff and local insurance brokers. Our dental PPO, dental indemnity and vision benefit product lines collectively aggregated approximately $1.7 million in premiums, or less than 3% of total premiums and ASO fees, for the year ended December 31, 2007.
 
DentaSelect — Our dental PPO product, DentaSelect, was introduced in 2005 and is administered by an independent third party administrator (“TPA”). DentaSelect includes some elements of managed health care; however, it includes more cost-sharing with the member, through premium contributions, co-payments and annual deductibles. Employers and their participating employees typically share the cost of premiums in various contribution proportions. Premiums are paid to Dental Care Plus or a third-party insurance carrier. The DentaSelect PPO also is similar to traditional health insurance because it provides a member with more freedom to choose a dentist. Members are encouraged, through financial incentives, to use participating dentists who have contracted with us to provide services at favorable rates. In the event a member chooses not to use a participating health care provider, the member may be required to pay a greater portion of the provider’s fees.
 
DentaPremier — Since 2003, we have been offering DentaPremier, a dental indemnity product, to employers who participate in our Dental Care Plus HMO fully-insured and self-insured plans with out of area members or members that require complete freedom of provider access. We introduced this plan because many Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana employer groups have employees in other states performing sales or service functions. DentaPremier is a traditional dental indemnity plan that allows members to use any dentist they wish. Employers and their participating employees typically share the cost of premiums in various contribution proportions. As with our dental HMO products, members are responsible for paying standard deductible amounts and co-payments. Premium rates for DentaPremier are generally higher than premium rates for our dental HMO products. In 2003, Dental Care Plus entered into a contract with a third-party insurance carrier to underwrite this plan. In October of 2007, the majority of these dental indemnity members were transitioned to Dental Care Plus insurance policies.
 
Vision Care Plus — Our vision benefit PPO product, Vision Care Plus, is underwritten and administered by an independent TPA. Members can access both network and out-of-network vision care providers and are subject to fixed co-payments and benefit limits. Premium cost is typically shared by employers and their participating employees in various contribution proportions. We began offering Vision Care Plus in 2005 to Dental Care Plus employer groups whose existing contracts are up for renewal as well as to new employer groups.


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Seasonality of Dental Service Utilization
 
Based on our healthcare service expense on a per member per month (“PMPM”) basis that adjusts the quarterly healthcare service expense for membership volume changes, our dental plan members have historically used their dental plan benefits according to a seasonal pattern that has caused our quarterly healthcare services expense to be highest in the first quarter, slightly below average in the second quarter, slightly above average in the third quarter and lowest in the fourth quarter. The following table shows these trends in tabular form:
 
                                                 
    Healthcare Service Expense  
    2007     2006     2005  
    $000’s     $PMPM     $000’s     $PMPM     $000’s     $PMPM  
 
First Quarter
    12,144       18.78       10,543       18.85       8,804       18.33  
Second Quarter
    11,356       17.96       9,744       17.59       8,924       16.99  
Third Quarter
    12,620       18.39       11,157       17.95       9,892       17.49  
Fourth Quarter
    11,383       17.44       9,682       16.30       8,270       15.91  
 
Claims are higher in the first quarter because almost all of our employer-sponsored plan years commence on January 1. The third quarter increase is primarily due to the high level of dental services used in August by student members prior to returning to school. Use of dental services is lowest in the fourth quarter due to the holiday season and the fact that a portion of our members have already reached their maximum annual benefit level for the year.
 
Business Strategy
 
Our objective is to become one of the largest providers of dental benefits in the Midwest. Our strategy is to continue increasing membership in all of our plans by gaining new employer group customers, acquiring other similar dental plans, adding more participating dentists to our HMO provider networks and increasing our product offerings. We intend to further develop the use of dental indemnity and PPO products as a means to grow membership sufficient to support the addition of more provider relations staff to recruit dentists into our dental HMO provider network because we believe the dental HMO products marketed by Dental Care Plus represent our best competitive advantage.
 
Our Dental Care Plus HMO plans offer both the broad provider access ordinarily attributed to a dental PPO and the utilization review and cost control features of a dental HMO. The combination of a large provider network, competitive pricing and renewal practices, and an emphasis on outstanding customer service have allowed us to effectively compete with dental PPOs. Because we are primarily owned by dentists who participate in our Dental Care Plus plans, and our dentists are reimbursed on a fee-for-service basis, we often have a competitive advantage in recruiting and retaining dentists for our network.
 
Membership Retention — Employers generally contract with our dental HMO plans for a period of one year. Continuous marketing and sales efforts are made to obtain contract renewals on an annual basis. The ability to obtain contract renewals depends on our premium schedules, competitive bids received by employers from our competitors, and employee satisfaction with our plans, among other factors. The cost of replacing lost members is higher than retaining members. Accordingly, membership retention is a primary focus of our marketing efforts. We strive for consistent employer and broker contacts and fair, justified renewal pricing in order to increase retention rates. Due to these membership retention efforts, we achieved a retention rate of approximately 97.3% in 2007, compared to retention rates of 96.0% and 98.5% in 2006 and 2005, respectively.
 
Group Billing and Collection — We dedicate significant resources to achieving prompt and accurate billing for premiums, claims and ASO fees. We also have a structured process for monitoring and collecting our accounts receivable.
 
Customer Service — We provide customer service to employer group administrators, members, and dentists. Customer service representatives respond promptly to employer and member inquiries regarding member identification cards and benefit determinations and provider staff inquiries regarding eligibility, benefit verification and claims payments. We strive to answer questions in one phone call. We monitor key customer service statistics in order to maintain positive customer relationships with all constituencies.


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Information Technology — In February 2006, our new dental plan administration system became fully operational. This system allows us to easily adapt to benefit changes sought by employer groups and allows for increased efficiencies and costs savings in the functional areas of group marketing, enrollment, billing, collections, cash application, claims adjudication and claims payment by reducing manual processing and facilitating the development of electronic membership enrollment, electronic group billing, and automated cash application. In addition, with the new system we expect an increase in the percentage of claims that can be electronically loaded and adjudicated. We are also focused on the importance of data integrity, ease of data extraction, and interfacing with banks, clearinghouses, and other business partners.
 
We lease our dental plan administration system equipment under a master equipment lease with The Fifth Third Leasing Company dated October 1, 2004. The lease term with respect to equipment commenced on January 31, 2005 and expires January 31, 2008. Under this lease, we are obligated to pay the bank $4,443 per month. At the end of the lease term, we have the option of either purchasing or returning the equipment. The equipment must be purchased at its fair market value, defined as the amount agreed upon between us and the lessor, or, if not so agreed, the amount determined by an independent appraiser. We also lease our dental plan administration software under the master equipment lease. The lease term with respect to software commenced on January 31, 2005 and expires January 31, 2009. Under this lease, we are obligated to pay the bank $19,351 per month. At the end of the lease, we retain use of the software and will pay monthly maintenance fees directly to the software vendor.
 
Dentist Networks
 
We maintain two separate dental networks comprised of dentists who have contracted with Company subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2007, we had provider contracts with 1,972 dentists. Of these participating dentists, 1,007 dentists are located in Ohio, 887 dentists are located in Kentucky, 38 dentists are located in Indiana, and 40 dentists are located in other states. Only participating dentists who were in our original eight county area may hold Class A redeemable common shares of the Company, which are the only voting shares in the Company. Of the 1,972 participating dentists, 653 are shareholders who each own one Class A voting redeemable common share. Most of these 653 shareholders also own 11 or more Class B non-voting redeemable common shares. There are also 24 shareholders who are retired dentists, each of whom owns 12 Class B non-voting redeemable common shares.
 
We actively recruit dentist providers in each of our markets. In some instances, we identify expansion area counties where additional providers are needed and locate dentists in these expansion area counties by reviewing state dental licensure records. In other cases, new employer group customers request that we work to recruit specific dentists their employees desire to have access to in our provider network.
 
Before a dentist can become a participating provider, we engage in extensive due diligence on the dentist’s professional licenses, training and experience, and malpractice history. The dentist must also be recommended by our Credentialing Committee consisting of five experienced dentists who are members of our Board of Directors (the “Board”).
 
Our provider contracts require that participating dentists participate in periodic fee surveys for the purpose of establishing our fee schedule, to participate in and be bound by our utilization review and credentialing plans (see “Utilization Control and Quality Assurance Policies” below), to participate in the peer review program of their state dental association, to maintain a state license in good standing to practice dentistry to maintain professional liability insurance coverage in amounts determined by our Board, and to maintain patient records in a confidential manner. Our provider contracts are for a term of one year and may be automatically renewed for successive one year periods unless a written termination notice is given by either party on 30 days notice.
 
Participating dentists are reimbursed for services provided to members of our dental plans on a “fee-for-service” basis based on a maximum allowable fee schedule we have developed or the actual fee charged by the dentist, whichever is less. In the case of our dental HMO, reimbursements to dentists are subject to a percentage withhold of the amount otherwise payable to the dentist. At the end of each fiscal year, our Board evaluates the performance of our dental HMO plans, capital and surplus requirements prescribed by the Ohio Department of Insurance, factors impacting our financial strength rating, funding needed to support strategic objectives for the coming years and any other factors deemed relevant by the Board and, based on that evaluation, determines the amount of the withhold that should be paid to dentists, if any. If we have met our capital and surplus requirements as


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prescribed by the Ohio Department of Insurance (see “State Regulations” and “Federal Regulations” below) and have the necessary funding to support our strategic objectives, the Board will generally authorize a provider withhold payment out of excess capital, although there is no requirement to authorize such withhold return.
 
Our networks are important to the success of our dental HMO plans and our PPO plan. We have a dedicated provider relations department that communicates with network dentists and performs periodic credentialing and re-credentialing of each participating dentist.
 
We provide access to our Dental Care Plus provider network for a fee to a select group of self-insured employer groups represented by independent TPAs in Southwestern Ohio and Northern Kentucky. Each TPA pays Dental Care Plus a network access fee on behalf of the self-insured employer group based on the number of employees using the network. The self-insured employer group members gain access to the Dental Care Plus provider network, and the TPA pays the provider claims in accordance with the Dental Care Plus fee schedule. The network providers have consented to this arrangement in their provider contracts.
 
Employees
 
In 2007, we employed a total of 52 employees. We have no collective bargaining agreements with any unions and believe that our overall relations with our employees are good.
 
Sales and Marketing
 
We market our dental plans primarily to employers through certain sales personnel and approximately 240 independent insurance brokers located in Southwestern Ohio, Dayton, Ohio, Northern Kentucky, and Central Kentucky. Approximately 96% of our membership comes from the efforts of these independent insurance brokers. One independent broker sourced approximately 39% of our business in 2007. Two other brokers sourced a substantial portion of our business, each accounting for approximately 7% of our business in 2007.
 
Many of our employer group customers are represented by insurance brokers and consultants who assist these groups in the design and purchase of health care products. We generally pay brokers a commission based on premiums, with commissions varying by market and premium volume, pursuant to our standard broker agreement. In addition to commissions based directly on premium volume for sales to particular customers, we also have programs that pay brokers and agents on other bases. These include commission bonuses based on sales that attain certain levels or involve particular products. We also pay additional commissions based on aggregate volumes of sales involving multiple customers.
 
Utilization Control and Quality Assurance Policies
 
Utilization control and quality assurance policies are essential to our success. Our reimbursement structure limits the frequency of various procedures in order to control utilization of dental care by members of our fully-insured and self-insured dental plans.
 
Each dentist in our networks is obligated to adhere to our utilization review program. Non-compliance or continued deviations from the utilization review program will result in sanctions against a dentist. Such sanctions may include probation, suspension or expulsion as a participating dentist, and may also affect the dentist’s ability to receive compensation from the plan for services provided to subscribers. We believe that a stringent utilization review program is necessary to provide adequate cost containment.
 
Our Board of Directors appoints a committee of dentists to ensure that the utilization review program is met and continually upgraded as appropriate. The Utilization Review/Quality Assurance Committee (“UR/QA Committee”) is charged with reviewing service patterns of providers and requests for pretreatment estimates that do not clearly meet appropriate standards.
 
The UR/QA Committee is also charged with retrospective review of all covered services provided by a dentist to determine whether the frequency and nature of the services are in compliance with standards adopted by the UR/QA Committee. The UR/QA Committee may recommend that the participating agreement of a dentist who is not in


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compliance with these standards be terminated, suspended or not renewed, or that benefits paid to the provider for particular services rendered by him or her be reduced.
 
Credentialing
 
The Credentialing Committee, which is comprised of dentists and is appointed by our Board of Directors, has oversight over the credentialing of new dentist providers that apply to be participating providers in our provider networks. This committee oversees the periodic re-credentialing of dentist providers already in one of our existing provider networks and evaluates whether a dentist should be terminated from one of the provider networks if an action is filed against the dentist with a state department of insurance or other regulatory agency or the provider loses his medical malpractice insurance coverage due to an adverse claim. The Credentialing Committee is also charged in part with ensuring that all participating dentists maintain good standing with regulatory agencies. The recommendations of the Credentialing Committee are forwarded to our Board of Directors for consideration. Any decision of the Board of Directors, whether relating to payment/coverage disputes or sanctions, is final.
 
Risk Management
 
Through the use of internally-developed underwriting criteria, we determine the risk we are willing to assume and the amount of premium to charge for our dental benefit products. Employer groups must meet our underwriting standards in order to qualify to contract with us for coverage.
 
Competition
 
The marketing and sale of fully-insured and self-insured dental benefit plans is highly competitive. Rising health care benefit premiums and changes in the economy have had an impact on the number of companies able to offer dental benefits to their employees. A significant portion of the employers who offer our plans are in the education, government and health care industries. Concentration of business in these industries insulates us from membership decreases that competitors may face if the economy were to enter into a sluggish or recessionary period.
 
We primarily compete with full-line dental only plans, other dental HMO carriers and national insurance companies that offer dental or vision coverage. Many of the companies with whom we compete are larger, have well-established local, regional, and/or national reputations, and have substantially greater financial and sales resources. It is possible that other competitors will emerge as the market for dental plans continues to develop.
 
Our major competitors are Delta Dental of Ohio and Delta Dental of Kentucky. These competitors operate as dental HMOs and dental PPOs in which members receive certain benefit incentives to receive services from network dentists. Dental PPO members may also use non-network dentists, but at reduced benefit levels.
 
Additional competitors include national insurance companies such as Guardian, Met Life, Humana and Anthem. These companies offer dental indemnity and dental PPO plans. Most of these dental plans are similar to those offered by us in design, and they also pay providers on a fee-for-service basis. Dental indemnity plans lack the basic characteristics of a dental HMO plan, including contractually enforced utilization and quality assurance standards and limitations on dentists’ fees, and members are not restricted to participating dentists. Dental PPO plans include both in-network benefits similar to those of a dental HMO plan and out-of-network benefits like those associated with a dental indemnity plan.
 
Our ability to offer either or both a dental indemnity plan and a PPO plan has had a positive impact on our membership growth. We are currently licensed to underwrite dental HMO, dental PPO and dental indemnity plans in Ohio. In addition we are licensed to underwrite dental HMO and dental PPO in Kentucky. Some of our dental indemnity and dental PPO offerings are still underwritten by third party underwriters.
 
Our main competitors in the fully-insured vision benefit area are Vision Service Plan and EyeMed, a subsidiary of Lenscrafters. We believe that our vision benefit plans are competitively priced and include sufficient benefits to compete effectively.


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Our dental benefits market share of approximately 15% to 20% in Southwestern Ohio and Northern Kentucky market gives us a strong competitive position. This market share is due to our large provider network, competitive pricing and customer service. In 2007 our dental membership in Southwestern Ohio increased to approximately 201,000 members as of December 31, 2007 from approximately 187,000 members as of December 31, 2006. Dental membership in Northern Kentucky increased to approximately 21,000 members by the end of 2007 from approximately 15,000 members at the end of 2006.
 
We have less than 10,000 total members in the Dayton and Springfield, Ohio market. We have developed a provider network in Dayton, Ohio that includes approximately 57% of the licensed dentists in the area. Since the introduction of the DentaSelect PPO product in 2005, our relationships with brokers in this area have improved, and we have added a significant number of employer groups. As of December 31, 2007, we had approximately 9,200 dental PPO members and approximately 500 dental HMO members in the Dayton and Springfield market.
 
With the acquisition of Adenta, we became a competitor in the dental benefits market in Central Kentucky with approximately 10,000 dental members, consisting of approximately 7,000 group members and 3,000 individual members as of June 2005. With the addition of approximately 500 network dentists via the Adenta acquisition, we now have a network of approximately 700 dentists, which represents approximately 35% of the licensed dentists in Central Kentucky. We have transitioned approximately 5,600 of the 7,000 Adenta group members acquired at renewal to either the DentaSelect PPO product or the Dental Care Plus HMO product. In addition, we have been building insurance broker relationships in Central Kentucky and have been quoting on new employer groups in this market. As of December 31, 2007, we had no Adenta members, approximately 500 dental HMO members and approximately 6,100 dental PPO members in our Central Kentucky market.
 
Customers
 
During 2007, approximately 22% of our fully-insured premium revenue was generated by four employers. Also during 2007, approximately 50% of our net self-insured administration and claims revenue was generated by two employers. One of these employers, The Health Alliance of Greater Cincinnati, generated approximately 10% of our consolidated revenue. While we believe that our relationship with each of these employers is good, there is no guarantee that this will continue to be the case. The termination of our relationship with any one of these employers could have a material adverse effect on the Company. As we continue to increase the number of employers and members in our dental plans, our dependence on these employers as a source of revenue and enrollment will lessen in proportion to our total revenue and size.
 
Each of our customers signs a standard form agreement, which differs depending on whether the customer is fully-insured or self-insured. There are two standard form agreements for fully-insured customers — one for employer-sponsored plans, and one for voluntary employee plans. All of our standard form agreements are for one year terms and automatically renew for additional one-year terms. Either party may terminate our fully-insured customer contracts by giving 45 days’ prior written notice, and our self-insured customer contracts by giving 60 days’ prior written notice. The premium rates set forth in each fully-insured customer contract remain in effect during each one year term, and may only be increased at renewal.
 
State Regulations
 
General — State insurance laws and other governmental regulations establish various licensing, operational, financial and other requirements relating to our business. State insurance departments in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana are empowered to interpret such laws of their respective states and promulgate regulations applicable our business.
 
The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) is a voluntary association of all of the state insurance commissioners in the United States. The primary function of the NAIC is to develop model laws on key insurance regulatory issues that can be used as guidelines for individual states in adopting or enacting insurance legislation. While NAIC model laws are accorded substantial deference within the insurance industry, these laws are not binding and variations from the model laws from state to state are common.


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In 2007, Dental Care Plus was dually licensed as a life and health insurance company and a health insuring corporation providing specialty health care services under Ohio law, as a limited health service benefit plan in Kentucky and as a dental HMO in Indiana. The regulations of each state insurance department include specific requirements with regard to such matters as minimum capital and surplus, reserves, permitted investments, contract terms, policy forms, claims processing requirements and annual reports. If Dental Care Plus fails to maintain compliance with all material regulations, regulatory authorities are empowered to take certain actions against it, such as revoking its license, imposing monetary penalties, or taking over supervision of its operations, or seeking a court order for the rehabilitation, liquidation or conservation of Dental Care Plus.
 
Insurance Associates Plus is licensed in Ohio, Kentucky and Illinois as an insurance agency. As such, it is required to have at least one insurance agent licensed in each of those states. If Insurance Associates Plus fails to meet this requirement in Ohio, Kentucky or Illinois, its license could be revoked by the state.
 
Adenta is licensed as a prepaid dental plan and as a life and health insurance agency in Kentucky. Recent changes to Kentucky law have lessened the regulatory requirements applicable to Adenta, including elimination of the requirement to file annual reports with the Kentucky Office of Insurance.
 
NAIC Accounting Principles — In 1998, the NAIC adopted the Codification of Statutory Accounting Principles that became the NAIC’s primary guidance on statutory accounting. The Ohio Department of Insurance has adopted the Codification. Statutory Accounting Practices (“SAP”) differ in some respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The significant difference for the Company is:
 
  •  Similar to GAAP, deferred income taxes are provided on temporary differences between the statutory and tax bases of assets and liabilities for SAP; however, statutory deferred tax assets are limited based upon tests that determine what is an admitted asset under SAP. Under SAP, the change in deferred taxes is recorded directly to surplus as opposed to GAAP where the change is recorded to current operations.
 
Risk Based Capital — The NAIC’s Risk-Based Capital for Life and/or Health Insurers Model Act (the “Model Act”) provides a tool for insurance regulators to determine the levels of statutory capital and surplus an insurer must maintain in relation to its insurance and investment risks and whether there is a need for possible regulatory action. The Model Act (or similar legislation or regulation) has been adopted in states where Dental Care Plus does business. The Model Act provides for three levels of regulatory action, varying with the ratio of the insurance company’s total adjusted capital (defined as the total of its statutory capital and surplus, asset valuation reserve and certain other adjustments) to its authorized control level risk-based capital (“RBC”):
 
  •  If a company’s total adjusted capital is less than or equal to 200 percent but greater than 150 percent of its RBC (the “Company Action Level”), the company must submit a comprehensive plan aimed at improving its capital position to the regulatory authority proposing corrective actions.
 
  •  If a company’s total adjusted capital is less than or equal to 150 percent but greater than 100 percent of its RBC (the “Regulatory Action Level”), the regulatory authority will perform a special examination of the company and issue an order specifying the corrective actions that must be followed.
 
  •  If a company’s total adjusted capital is less than or equal to 70 percent of its RBC (the “Mandatory Control Level”), the regulatory authority must place the company under its control.
 
In addition to the levels of regulatory action described above, the regulatory authority may impose restrictions, reporting or other requirements on companies whenever the regulatory authority determines that the financial condition of the company warrants such action, notwithstanding the fact the company meets the requirements of the Model Act. A regulatory authority may also seek an order of the courts placing the company in rehabilitation, liquidation or conservation whenever the regulatory authority determines that the company’s financial condition is hazardous, notwithstanding the fact that the company may be in compliance with the requirements of the Model Act.
 
Dental Care Plus’s statutory annual statements for the year ended December 31, 2007 filed with the Ohio Department of Insurance reflected total adjusted capital in excess of Company Action Level RBC.


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Federal Regulations
 
HIPAA Administrative Simplification — The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) authorized the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) to adopt a series of regulations designed to simplify the exchange of information electronically between health plans and health care providers and to promote efficiency within the health care industry, as well as to protect the confidentiality and security of individually identifiable health information. Pursuant to this authority, HHS has adopted a series of regulations which are applicable to “Covered Entities,” which include health care providers, health plans and health care clearinghouses (collectively the “HIPAA Regulations”). The HIPAA Regulations adopted to date require Covered Entities to do the following: 1) comply with uniform standards for the electronic exchange of information in certain transactions between health care providers and health plans related to the administration of benefits and payment of claims (“Standard Electronic Transactions Regulations”); 2) adopt certain policies and procedures with respect to the use and disclosure of certain protected health information (“PHI”) created, received or maintained by the Covered Entity, whether in electronic or paper form, and provide individuals with a written notice of how the Covered Entity will use and disclose PHI and of the individual’s rights with respect to PHI (“Privacy Regulations”); 3) adopt certain policies and procedures and implement certain technical safeguards to protect the security of electronic PHI (“Security Regulations”); 4) use certain uniform unique identifiers when conducting transactions with health care providers (“Standard Provider Identifier Regulations”) and employers (“Standard Employer Identifier Regulations”). Covered Entities are currently required to be in compliance with the Standard Electronic Transactions Regulations, the Privacy Regulations, the Security Regulations and the Standard Employer Identifier Regulations. The compliance date for the Standard Provider Identifier Regulations is May 23, 2008.
 
Enforcement of the HIPAA Regulations is vested in the Office of Civil Rights of HHS, which has the power to investigate compliance and complaints. Sanctions for failing to comply with or for violation of the HIPAA Regulations include criminal penalties of up to $250,000 per violation and civil sanctions of up to $25,000 per violation.
 
Many of the HIPAA Regulations are complex, and requests for regulatory clarification of many aspects are still pending. Additional standards under the Standards Electronic Transactions Regulations are also pending, and additional regulations requiring unique identifiers for other entities, including health plans, may be adopted. Little compliance activity has occurred to date, leaving few official sources of interpretation available beyond the original commentary which accompanied the final HIPAA Regulations. We have, however, made a good faith effort to comply and believe we are in compliance with the requirements of the HIPAA Regulations that are applicable to our subsidiaries as of this date.
 
GLBA — The Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999 (the “Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act,” or “GLBA”) contains privacy provisions and introduced new controls over the use of an individual’s nonpublic personal data by financial institutions, including insurance companies, insurance agents and brokers licensed by state insurance regulatory authorities. Numerous pieces of federal and state legislation aimed at protecting the privacy of nonpublic personal financial and health information are pending. The privacy provisions of GLBA that became effective in July 2001 require a financial institution to provide written notice of its privacy practices to all of its customers. In addition, a financial institution is required to provide its customers with an opportunity to opt out of certain uses of their non-public personal information. We believe that we are in compliance with the GLBA privacy regulations.
 
Both GLBA and HIPAA provide that there is no federal preemption of a state’s privacy laws if the state law is more stringent than the privacy rules imposed under GLBA or HIPAA. Pursuant to the authority granted under GLBA to state insurance regulatory authorities to regulate, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners promulgated a new model regulation called Privacy of Consumer Financial and Health Information Regulation, which was adopted by numerous state insurance authorities. As well, there are other pre-existing state laws, including but not limited to insurance regulatory statutes, which were not pre-empted by GLBA or HIPAA and which remain in effect. We believe we are in compliance with state laws governing the privacy of personal financial and health information that are applicable to our subsidiaries, to the extent such laws are not pre-empted by either GLBA or HIPAA.


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AVAILABLE INFORMATION
 
Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, all amendments to those reports, and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) are available on the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov). Copies of these documents will be available without charge to any shareholder upon request. Request should be directed in writing to the Company at 100 Crowne Point Place, Sharonville, Ohio 45241. In addition, the public may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operations of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
 
ITEM 1A.   RISK FACTORS
 
If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected, and the value of our shares could decline. The risks and uncertainties described below are those that we currently believe may materially affect our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business operations.
 
The market trend of employer groups moving away from dental HMO plans to dental PPO plans may result in a decrease in our dental plan membership and premium revenue.
 
In the dental benefits industry, there has been a contraction in the dental indemnity product category and the HMO product category, with the membership volume shifting to the dental PPO product category. We have historically limited our product offering to fully-insured and self-insured dental HMO plans. Our HMO plans form the core part of our business and account for approximately 97% of our consolidated revenues. If this market trend continues, we could experience a reduction in the demand for our HMO products, which could lead to a decrease in our membership, premium revenue and net income.
 
Our business is highly dependent upon a limited number of customers, and the loss of any one such customer could result in a loss of substantial premium revenue.
 
During 2007, approximately 22% of our fully-insured premium revenue was generated by four employers and approximately 50% of our net self-insured administration and claims revenue was generated by two employers, one of which accounted for in excess of 10% of our consolidated total revenue. If our relationship with any one of these employers were to terminate, our dental membership and the related premium revenue would decrease materially, which could lead to lower net income if we are not able to reduce operating expenses or replace this lost revenue.
 
A small number of independent brokers source a substantial portion of our business, and the loss of any one such broker could result in a loss of substantial premium revenue.
 
During 2007, approximately 63% of our business was sourced by five independent brokers, one of which was responsible for sourcing approximately 39% of our business. If our relationship with any of these brokers were to terminate, our premium revenue could decrease materially. As a result, we could experience significant net losses unless we were able to replace this lost revenue or reduce our operating expenses.
 
Because our premiums are fixed by contract, we are unable to increase our premiums during the contract term if our claims costs exceed our estimates which may reduce our profitability.
 
Most of our revenues are generated by premiums consisting of fixed monthly payments per subscriber. These payments are fixed by contract, and we are obligated during the contract term, which is generally one year, to provide or arrange for the provisions of dental services. The premiums are not subject to adjustment during the contract term. If our claims costs exceed our estimates, we will be unable to adjust the premiums we receive under our current contracts, which may result in a decrease in our net income.


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Our customers’ decisions to transition from a fully-insured to a self-insured dental plan or from a self funded to a fully-insured dental plan could result in lower contribution margins and increased costs.
 
During 2007, a number of fully-insured dental HMO members shifted to our self-insured dental HMO product. Additionally, a number of self-insured members shifted to our fully-insured dental HMO product. If our customers continue to shift from a fully-insured dental HMO product to a self-insured dental HMO product or vice versa, our dental HMO contribution margin may decrease and we may incur significant transitioning costs.
 
Claims submitted by dental providers may be fraudulent or duplicative, which may reduce our gross profit margin and net income.
 
We set our fully-insured premium rates based on an expected level of claims for a twelve-month period. Our calculation of expected claims does not anticipate the payment of fraudulent or duplicate claims. If providers were to submit fraudulent or duplicative claims, our claims cost would increase, and our gross profit margin and net income would be adversely affected.
 
The financial strength rating assigned to Dental Care Plus may be downgraded, which could result in a loss of employer groups and insurance brokers, which may, in turn, cause our premium revenue to decline.
 
In July 2004, Dental Care Plus, our largest subsidiary, was given an initial rating of C+ (Marginal) by the A.M. Best Company. A.M. Best assigns a marginal rating to companies that have, in their opinion, a marginal ability to meet their ongoing obligations to policyholders and are financially vulnerable to adverse changes in underwriting and economic conditions. In the fall of 2004, our management met with A.M. Best Company to provide them with a clearer picture of the strategy and operating performance of Dental Care Plus. After this meeting, A.M. Best Company upgraded Dental Care Plus from a C+ (Marginal) rating to a B- (Fair) rating. A.M. Best assigns a fair rating to companies that have, in their opinion, a fair ability to meet their ongoing obligations to policyholders, but are financially vulnerable to adverse changes in underwriting and economic conditions. Our B-(Fair) rating was affirmed in December 2005 and again in March of 2007. Our A.M. Best rating is a measure of our financial strength relative to other insurance companies and is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities. The rating assigned by A.M. Best Company is based, in part, on the ratio of our fully-insured premium revenue to our statutory capital and surplus. If Dental Care Plus continues to experience growth in its fully-insured premium revenue but does not retain enough of its earnings or obtain new sources of capital, the rating assigned to Dental Care Plus may be downgraded.
 
None of our employer group contracts allows termination in the event our A.M. Best rating is downgraded. If a downgrade were to occur, employer groups may decline to renew their annual or multi-year contract with us, and insurance brokers may refuse to market our dental HMO products. In addition, a downgrade may make it difficult for us to contract with new employer groups and new brokers. The loss of existing employer groups and the loss of insurance brokers may lead to a loss of premium revenue.
 
If we fail to maintain contracts with an adequate number of dentists, it may be difficult to attract and retain employer groups, which may lead to a loss of premium revenue.
 
Our business strategy is dependent to a large extent upon our continued maintenance of our dentist networks. Generally, our participating provider contracts allow either party to terminate on limited notice (generally 30 days prior to annual renewal). If we are unable to continue to establish and maintain contracts with an adequate number of dentists in our networks, employer groups may not renew their contracts with us and it may be difficult to attract new employer groups, which may lead to a loss of premium revenue.
 
We encounter significant competition that may limit our ability to increase or maintain membership in the markets we serve, which may harm our growth and our operating results.
 
We operate in a highly competitive environment. We compete for employer groups principally on the basis of the size, location and quality of our provider network, benefits provided, quality of service and reputation. A number of these competitive elements are partially dependent upon and can be positively affected by financial


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resources available to a dental plan. Many other organizations with which we compete have substantially greater financial and other resources than we do. For example, our competitors include Delta Dental of Ohio, which has an A.M. Best rating of B+ (Very Good) and Delta Dental of Kentucky, which has an A.M. Best rating of B+ (Very Good). In addition, we compete with national insurance carriers such as Metropolitan Life and Guardian, which both have A.M. Best ratings of A+ (Superior). Given the higher ratings and financial strength of many of our competitors, we may encounter difficulty in increasing or maintaining our dental membership in the future.
 
Our business is heavily regulated by the states in which we do business, and our failure to comply with regulatory requirements could lead to a loss of our authority to do business in such states.
 
Our business is subject to substantial government regulation, principally under the insurance laws of Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. We will also become subject to the insurance laws and regulations of other states in which our subsidiaries may in the future conduct business. These laws, which vary from state to state, generally require our subsidiaries to be licensed by the relevant state insurance commission. With respect to our dental HMO products, these laws and regulations also establish operational, financial and other requirements. Dental Care Plus is currently required to maintain a minimum capital and surplus of approximately $1 million according to the regulations of all three states. The ability of Dental Care Plus to maintain such minimum required capital and surplus is directly dependent on the ability of Dental Care Plus to maintain a profitable business. While Dental Care Plus is currently profitable, there can be no guaranty that it will be profitable in the future. Failure to maintain compliance with the minimum required capital and surplus of each state could result in Dental Care Plus becoming subject to supervision by the Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana insurance regulatory agencies, and could further result in the suspension or revocation of Dental Care Plus’s Certificate of Authority in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana, monetary penalties, or the rehabilitation or liquidation of Dental Care Plus. Insurance Associates, Inc. is required to have one agent licensed in Ohio and Kentucky. Otherwise, none of our dental PPO, dental indemnity or vision PPO business is subject to capital and surplus requirements.
 
If an event of default occurs under the loan documents we entered into in connection with the purchase of our office building, the entire balance of indebtedness due under these loan documents may become due, which could have an adverse effect on our short-term liquidity and may lead to a downgrade of our financial strength rating.
 
We are obligated under our mortgage note with an original principal amount of $1.8 million and an outstanding principal amount of approximately $1.3 million at December 31, 2007. Under the terms of the note, we are obligated to make principal payments of $10,000 per month plus interest based on LIBOR plus 1.75% through May 2013, and are obligated to make a balloon payment of $600,000 in June 2013. It is an event of default under the note if: (1) we fail to make any payment of principal or accrued interest when due, and such nonpayment remains uncured for a period of 10 days, (2) any of our representations or warranties in the note is materially inaccurate or misleading, (3) we fail to observe or perform any other term or condition of the note for a period of 30 days, (4) we dissolve, or merge or consolidate with a third party, or lease or sell a material part of our assets or business to a third party, (5) we fail to submit to the lender current financial information upon request, (6) a lien or other encumbrance becomes attached to our property, (7) in the judgment of the lender, a material adverse change occurs in our existing or prospective financial condition that may affect our ability to repay our obligations, or the lender deems itself insecure, (8) we declare bankruptcy, a bankruptcy petition is filed against us that is not dismissed within 30 days, we make an assignment for the benefit of creditors, we fail to generally pay our debts as such debts become due, or a receiver or similar official is appointed, (9) our nonpayment under any rate management obligation, and (10) we sell or transfer any of the collateral securing the loan, or the collateral securing the loan is destroyed, lost or damaged in any material respect.
 
It is an event of default under the mortgage if: (1) we fail to maintain hazard, earthquake, flood; business interruption, boiler and machinery or public liability insurance, or any other insurance on the property requested by our lender, (2) we fail to notify our lender of (a) any cancellation, reduction in amount or material change in our insurance coverage, (b) the assertion by any person of the power of eminent domain, (c) the following events: (i) fire causing damage in excess of $20,000, (ii) receipt of notice of condemnation, (iii) receipt of notice from a governmental authority regarding structure, use or occupancy, (iv) receipt of notice of alleged default from any


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holder of a lien or security interest in the property, (v) the commencement of any litigation affecting the property or (vi) the change in any occupancy of the property, (3) any of our representations or warranties under the mortgage are untrue or misleading in any respect, (4) a foreclosure proceeding is instituted with respect to the property, (5) we attempt to limit the loan indebtedness secured by the mortgage, as permitted under Ohio law, (6) any default occurs under any other obligation we may have to the lender, or (7) an event of default occurs under any other loan document. The loan documents provide that if an event of default occurs, the lender may declare the entire balance of the indebtedness immediately due and payable. If we are required to pay the entire balance, our cash would be significantly reduced, which could have an adverse effect on our short-term liquidity. The resulting reduction in our cash on hand could lead to a downgrade in our A.M. Best rating.
 
A decrease in the working capital and liquidity of our business may have an impact on our ability to meet debt service requirements.
 
If the working capital of our business were to decrease significantly due to an increase in accounts receivable or the loss of a significant number of employer groups, we may be forced to liquidate portfolio investments in order to meet debt service requirements which would result in a reduction of our investment income. If we were to experience a period of continuing operating losses and working capital were not restored to levels sufficient to meet our debt service requirements, we may need to use surplus cash for debt service, which could result in a material reduction in our capital and surplus balance. If the accounts receivable balances from certain employer groups are greater than 90 days past due, these accounts receivable become non-admitted assets for statutory accounting purposes, leading to a decrease in our capital and surplus balance. If our capital and surplus is lowered materially, the Ohio Department of Insurance may commence adverse regulatory action against us, ranging from requesting corrective action to assuming control of Dental Care Plus, and A.M. Best may consider lowering our financial strength rating.
 
Our business is highly concentrated in a limited geographic area and adverse economic conditions within the markets in which we do business could impair or reverse our growth trends and have a negative impact on our premium revenue and net income.
 
The operations of our subsidiaries are concentrated in the Southwestern Ohio, Northern Kentucky and Central Kentucky markets, although our primary operations are in Southwestern Ohio. A regional economic downturn could cause employers to stop offering dental coverage as an employee benefit or elect to offer dental on a voluntary, employee-funded basis as a means to reduce their operating costs. A decrease in employer groups offering dental on an employer sponsored basis could lead to a decrease in our membership, premium revenue and net income.
 
Dental services utilization by members of our fully-insured dental plans may be higher than expected, resulting in higher than anticipated healthcare services expense and a reduction in our net income.
 
The fully-insured dental plans offered by Dental Care Plus, our largest subsidiary, are pre-paid by participating employers in amounts based on our actuarial projections that are used to establish premium rates for such plans. As a result, the premiums received by Dental Care Plus from participating employers do not fluctuate based on quantity or cost of services utilized by members. We bear the risk that premiums we have established will not be adequate to cover the cost of services provided to members of our fully-insured dental HMO plan and our related operating expenses.
 
We engage a licensed consulting actuary to assist us in establishing and adjusting our claims payable liability. We attempt to control the cost of dental services through our provider fee schedule, which we increase from time to time. The ratio of our fully-insured healthcare services expense to fully-insured premium revenue, or healthcare expense ratio (“HER”), can fluctuate between approximately 76% and 80%. Given our selling, general and administrative expense is approximately 19% of our premium revenue, our annual operating income is approximately 1% to 5% of premium revenue. The fluctuation in the HER ratio is primarily due to dental services utilization higher or lower than the level expected by management when the fully-insured premium rates are established. If we see an increase in dental services utilization as we did in 2004, we increase the level of our claims payable liability and record a corresponding increase to healthcare services expense for the current period in order


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to ensure that the claims payable liability is adequate given this new level of dental services utilization. Based on our 2007 operating results, a 1% increase in dental services utilization above the anticipated level would translate into an increase in our claims payable liability of approximately $306,000 and a corresponding increase in healthcare services expense. Accordingly, our pre-tax income would decrease by this amount.
 
We depend on the services of non-exclusive independent agents and brokers to market our products to employers, and we cannot assure that they will continue to market our products in the future.
 
We depend on the services of independent agents and brokers to market our dental plans. We do not have long term contracts with independent agents and brokers, who typically are not dedicated exclusively to us and frequently market the dental products of our competitors. We face intense competition for services and allegiance of independent agents and brokers. We cannot assure that our agents and brokers will continue to market our products in a fair and consistent manner.
 
We will incur significant expenses as a result of being a public company, which will have a negative impact on our financial performance.
 
We will incur significant legal, accounting, insurance and other expenses on an on-going basis as a result of being a public company. Compliance with securities laws, rules and regulations, including compliance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and SEC regulations thereunder, cause us to incur significant costs and expenses, including legal and accounting costs, and make some activities more time-consuming and costly. If we are required to engage our independent registered public accounting firm to attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and SEC regulations, then these expenses will negatively impact our net income in 2008 and beyond.
 
ITEM 1B.   UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
 
None
 
ITEM 2.   PROPERTIES
 
We currently maintain our principal place of business at 100 Crowne Point Place, Sharonville, Ohio 45241, which is owned by our wholly-owned subsidiary, Dental Care Plus. We occupy approximately 60% of this property. The remaining amount, approximately 40%, is leased to third party tenants. We believe that our existing facility is adequate to support our business.
 
ITEM 3.   LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
We are not a party to any pending legal proceedings that we believe would, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
 
ITEM 4.   SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
 
None.
 
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
 
Each of our executive officers is appointed to serve a one-year term. Anthony A. Cook is the only executive officer that has an employment agreement with the Company.
 
The name and age of each of the present officers of the Company follows along with a brief professional biography.
 
Anthony A. Cook, MS, MBA, 57, President and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Cook has been President and Chief Executive Officer of Dental Care Plus since February 2001 and, upon reorganization of Dental Care Plus, also assumed this position for the Company. Mr. Cook has over 28 years of management experience in the health care industry. He has HMO experience as a Plan Administrator, the Director of Health Systems for the largest Blue Cross


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and Blue Shield HMO in Ohio, as well as the Executive Director of a provider owned health plan. Before arriving at Dental Care Plus, Mr. Cook assisted health care organizations in developing capabilities to succeed in a managed care environment. Mr. Cook has a bachelor’s degree in psychology and a master’s degree in guidance and counseling from Youngstown State University as well as a Master of Business Administration degree from Baldwin-Wallace College in Cleveland, Ohio.
 
Robert C. Hodgkins, Jr., CPA, MBA, 48, Vice President — Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Hodgkins has been Vice President-Chief Financial Officer of Dental Care Plus since July 2003 and, upon reorganization of Dental Care Plus, became Vice President-Chief Financial Officer of the Company. Previously, Mr. Hodgkins was a Senior Manager in the Cincinnati office of PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP, specializing in financial management and consulting to the health care industry from 1997 through 2002. Mr. Hodgkins also was a Director in the Finance Division of Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts (BCBSMA) from 1995 through 1997. He is a Certified Public Accountant licensed in Ohio and a past President of the Southwestern Ohio Chapter of the Healthcare Financial Management Association. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Engineering from Northwestern University and a Master of Business Administration from the J.L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management at Northwestern.
 
In addition to the foregoing executive officers, Ann Young is a significant employee of the Company:
 
Ann Young, 45, Chief Sales and Marketing Officer. Ms. Young has been Chief Sales and Marketing Officer of the Company and Dental Care Plus since October 2004. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Young managed her own consulting firm, COACHLOGIC, from 2002 to 2004. She was also Senior Vice President of sales and marketing at Emerald Health Network in Cleveland, Ohio from 1999 to 2002 and Vice President of National Sales at The Chandler Group from 1991 to 1998. Ms. Young is a graduate of Kent State University and holds dual degrees in psychology and business administration. She is an active member of the International Coach Federation, the International Association of Coaching, and the Greater Cincinnati Professional Coaches Association.
 
PART II
 
ITEM 5.   MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSURER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
 
Market for Redeemable Common Shares
 
There is no established public trading market for the Class A Redeemable Common Shares or Class B Redeemable Common Shares. In addition, there are significant restrictions contained in the Company’s Code of Regulations on the ability to transfer the Class A and Class B Redeemable Common Shares.
 
Holders
 
As of December 31, 2007, there were 653 holders of Class A Redeemable Common Shares and 665 holders of Class B Redeemable Common Shares.
 
Dividend Policy
 
We have not declared or paid cash dividends. We currently expect to retain any future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our Class A Redeemable Common Shares or Class B Redeemable Common Shares.
 
See Item 12 under PART III for securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans.
 
Recent sales of unregistered securities
 
In November 2007, the Company sold 10 Class B redeemable common shares to one participating dentist at a price of $584.40 per share, the book value of a redeemable common share at October 31, 2007. In December of 2007, the Company sold one Class A redeemable common share and 48 Class B redeemable common shares to two participating dentists at a price of $602.61 per share, the book value of a redeemable common share at November 30,


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2007. The securities were sold in a private placement exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Act”) pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Act and Regulation D. The private placement is being made using a confidential private placement memorandum only to participating dentists or retired participating dentists in one of the Company’s dental plans.
 
Performance of Redeemable Common Shares
 
Pursuant to our Code of Regulations the Company’s redeemable common shares are sold and repurchased by the Company at book value. The book value of the Company’s redeemable common share were approximately $601, $532, $518, $461, and $400 at December 31, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, and 2003, respectively.
 
Purchases of Equity Securities
 
We repurchased and retired three Class A Redeemable Common Shares and 57 Class B Redeemable Common Shares during the three months ended December 31, as follows:
 
                                         
                      Total Number of
    Maximum Number of
 
                      Shares Purchased as
    Shares that May Yet
 
    Total Class A
    Total Class B
    Average
    Part of a Publicly
    Be Purchased Under
 
    Shares
    Shares
    Price Paid
    Announced Plans or
    the Plans or
 
Period
  Purchased     Purchased     per Share     Programs     Programs  
 
October 1 —
                                       
October 31, 2007
    0       24 (a)   $ 547.93       0       N/A  
November 1 —
                                       
November 30, 2007
    0       0       N/A       0       N/A  
December 1 —
                                       
December 31, 2007
    3 (a)     33 (a)   $ 602.61       0       N/A  
 
 
(a) Repurchased from provider shareholder retirees in accordance with the Company’s obligations under its Amended and Restated Code of Regulations.
 
ITEM 6.   SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
 
The following table sets forth selected consolidated financial information for the Company and its subsidiaries for the periods indicated. The financial information for the period prior to July 2, 2004 relates solely to Dental Care Plus. The financial information should be read together with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this registration statement.
 
(All amounts in thousands, except earnings per Redeemable Common Share.)
 
                                         
    2007     2006     2005     2004     2003  
 
Premium revenue
  $ 59,950 (1)   $ 51,587     $ 44,857 (2)   $ 39,400 (3)   $ 35,810  
Investment income
    269       198       104       32       31  
Other income
    94       305       221       158       122  
Net income on redeemable common shares
    604       103       467       518       810  
Total assets
    12,285       12,799       12,250 (4)     9,688       9,158 (5)
Long-term obligations
    1,576       1,631       1,889       1,675       1,620 (5)
Cash dividends declared
                             
Basic earnings per redeemable common share
  $ 72.88     $ 12.59     $ 55.14     $ 60.90     $ 97.55  
Diluted earnings per redeemable common share
  $ 72.50     $ 12.59     $ 55.14     $ 60.90     $ 97.55  


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(1) Includes a $838 increase in fully-insured dental HMO revenue and a $6,283 increase in self-insured dental HMO revenue.
 
(2) Includes approximately $1,237 from acquisition of Adenta, Inc. in June of 2005.
 
(3) The Company reorganized into a holding company structure in July of 2004 and Insurance Associates Plus, Inc. was formed in August of 2004.
 
(4) Total assets increased to approximately $12,250 in 2005 from approximately $9,668 in 2004 due to an increase in membership in our dental HMO segments and the addition of the Adenta tangible and intangible assets.
 
(5) In 2003, the Company acquired its headquarters building and incurred approximately $1,800 of indebtedness in connection with such acquisition.
 
ITEM 7.   MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Overview
 
Headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, Dental Care Plus Group offers to employer groups of all sizes dental HMO, dental PPO, dental indemnity and vision PPO benefit plans and related services. As of December 31, 2007, we had approximately 245,000 members in our dental and vision benefit programs with 1,972 dentists participating in our networks of providers.
 
We manage our business with three segments, fully-insured dental HMO, self-insured dental HMO, and corporate, all other. Corporate, All Other consists primarily of certain corporate activities and three additional product lines: DentaSelect PPO, DentaPremier indemnity and Vision Care Plus PPO. Our dental HMO products and all of our other product lines are marketed to employer groups. We identified our segments in accordance with the aggregation provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) 131 “Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information” which is consistent with information used by our Chief Executive Officer in managing our business. The segment information aggregates products with similar economic characteristics. These characteristics include the nature of customer groups and pricing, benefits and underwriting requirements.
 
The results of our fully-insured and self-insured HMO segments are measured by gross profit. We do not measure the results of our Corporate, All Other segment. We do not allocate selling, general and administrative expenses, investment and other income, interest expense, or other assets or liabilities to our fully-insured and self-insured segments. These items are retained in our Corporate, All Other segment. Our segments do not share overhead costs and assets. We do, however, measure the contributions of each of our fully-insured and self-insured segments to costs retained in our Corporate, All Other segment.
 
Many factors have an impact on our results, but most notably our results are influenced by our ability to establish and maintain a competitive and efficient cost structure and to accurately and consistently establish competitive premiums, ASO fees, and plan benefit levels that are commensurate with our dental and administrative costs. Dental costs are subject to a high rate of inflation due to many forces, including new higher priced technologies and dental procedures, new dental service techniques and therapies, an aging population, lifestyle challenges including obesity and smoking, the tort liability system, and government regulations.
 
Profitability Strategy
 
Our strategy to drive profitability focuses on providing solutions for employers to the rising cost of dental care through leveraging our growing networks of participating dentists and deploying a variety of products that give employer groups and members more choices than only our dental HMO plans. Additionally, we have increased the diversification of our membership base, not only through our newer products, but also by entering new geographic territories. While we expect our dental PPO and indemnity products to be important drivers of growth in the years ahead, we expect to migrate a substantial number of members from those products to our flagship Dental Care Plus HMO products.


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In our markets, there has been limited growth in recent years in the number of individuals enrolled in dental benefit plans. However, there has been a shift of membership out of the more expensive dental indemnity products into the dental PPO products that offer both less expensive in-network benefits and out-of-network benefits as well. At the same time, members have migrated away from dental HMO products with very limited provider networks. While these dental HMO products are the least expensive, employers and members have focused their attention on the dental PPO products that offer broad provider access with the cost control associated within a contracted provider network for the in-network portion of the dental services rendered.
 
In our original eight county service area, our dental HMO provider network includes approximately 90% of the dental providers in the market. In that market our dental HMO provides the broad provider access of a dental PPO along with effective utilization and cost control features. Because of the broad provider network, our fully-insured dental HMO is priced higher than other dental HMOs and has premium rates more equivalent to competitor dental PPOs.
 
We have experienced steady growth in membership and revenue in both the fully-insured and self-insured dental HMO product during the last five years. We attribute this growth to our broad provider network, competitive premium rates for our fully-insured business and ASO fees for our self-insured business, and our commitment to providing outstanding customer service to all of our constituencies (employer groups, members, insurance brokers, and dentists).
 
Healthcare services expense has increased for both the fully-insured dental HMO segment and the self-insured dental HMO segment. We have increased our provider fee schedule at the beginning of each of the last five years; these fee schedule increases contribute to an increase in the healthcare services expense on a per member per month basis.
 
The introduction of the DentaPremier dental indemnity product in 2003 created new business opportunities for us with employer groups in our original eight county service area. The introduction of the DentaSelect dental PPO product has been instrumental to our new sales in the Dayton, Ohio and Central Kentucky markets.
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased significantly in 2005, 2006 and 2007 in connection with our expansion into Dayton, Ohio and Central Kentucky with new dental indemnity and dental PPO products and the Adenta product. We also incurred additional expenses in 2005 preparing to implement the new dental benefits administration and billing system that became operational in February of 2006.
 
Other important factors that have an impact on our profitability are both the competitive pricing environment and market conditions. With respect to pricing, there is a tradeoff between sustaining or increasing underwriting margins versus increasing or decreasing enrollment. With respect to market conditions, economies of scale have an impact on our administrative overhead. As a result of a decline in preference for tightly-managed dental HMO products, dental costs have become increasingly comparable among our larger competitors. Product design and consumer involvement have become more important drivers of dental services consumption, and administrative expense efficiency is becoming a more significant driver of margin sustainability. Consequently, we continually evaluate our administrative expense structure and attempt to realize administrative expense savings through productivity gains.
 
Highlights
 
  •  Our dental and vision products grew by approximately 28,300 members, or 13.1%, from 216,700 members at December 31, 2006 to 245,000 members at December 31, 2007. This membership increase included approximately 6,300 members from sales primarily related to our new DentaSelect PPO offering.
 
We intend for the discussion of our financial condition and results of operations that follows to assist in the understanding of our financial statements and related changes in certain key items in those financial statements from year to year, and the primary factors that accounted for those changes, as well as how certain critical accounting principles and estimates have an impact on our financial statements.


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Comparison of Results of Operations for 2007 and 2006
 
The following chart shows membership totals and revenues and expenses for our three business segments for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 (in thousands, except for membership data and percentage change):
 
                         
    2007     2006     Change  
 
Membership:
                       
Fully-insured DHMO
    133,700       137,100       (2.5 )%
Self-insured DHMO
    84,300       62,500       34.9 %
Corporate, All Other
    27,000       17,100       57.9 %
                         
Total membership
    245,000       216,700       13.1 %
                         
Premium revenue:
                       
Fully-insured DHMO
  $ 38,496     $ 37,658       2.2 %
Self-insured DHMO
    19,768       13,485       46.6 %
Corporate, All Other
    1,686       444       279.7 %
                         
Total premium revenue
    59,950       51,587       16.2 %
                         
Healthcare service expense:
                       
Fully-insured DHMO
    30,236       30,178       0.2 %
Self-insured DHMO
    16,916       11,808       43.3 %
Corporate, All Other
    1,001       40       2402.5 %
                         
Total healthcare service expense
    48,153       42,026       14.6 %
                         
Selling, general & administrative expenses:
                       
Corporate, All Other
    11,149       9,755       14.3 %
                         
Investment income:
                       
Corporate, All Other
    269       198       35.9 %
                         
Other income:
                       
Corporate, All Other
    94       305       (69.2 )%
                         
Interest expense:
                       
Corporate, All Other
    (95 )     (121 )     (21.5 )%
                         
Income tax expense:
                       
Corporate, All Other
    313       86       264.0 %
                         
 
Summary
 
Net income available for redeemable common shares was approximately $604,000 and $103,000 for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Basic earnings per redeemable common shares was $72.88 and $12.59 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The increase in net income on available for redeemable common shares primarily resulted from a decrease in total healthcare services expense as a percentage of total premium revenue from 81.5% in 2006 to 80.3% in 2007 and offset by increased selling, general and administrative expenses.
 
Membership
 
Our fully-insured dental HMO membership decreased approximately 3,400 members, or 2.5%, from 137,100 at December 31, 2006 to 133,700 at December 31, 2007. This membership decrease is attributable to the reduction of approximately 14,900 fully-insured dental HMO members due to the conversion of two employer group membership from our fully-insured dental HMO product to our self-insured dental HMO product effective July 1, 2007, offset by new fully-insured dental HMO sales in the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky market of approximately


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14,000 members. In addition, fully-insured dental HMO membership decreased by an additional 2,500 members due to a limited number of employer groups that did not renew their contracts with Dental Care Plus in the last 12 months.
 
Our self-insured dental HMO membership increased by approximately 21,800 members, or 34.9%, from approximately 62,500 members at December 31, 2006 to approximately 84,300 members at December 31, 2007 primarily due to the conversion of 14,900 members of two employer groups from our fully-insured dental HMO product to our self-insured dental HMO product effective July 1, 2007. The remaining 6,900 member increase was the result of our adding a number of large new self-insured groups in Southwestern Ohio and Northern Kentucky.
 
Corporate, All Other membership increased by approximately 9,900 members, or 57.9%, from approximately 17,100 members at December 31, 2006 to approximately 27,000 members at December 31, 2007. Dental indemnity membership increased by approximately 1,100 members, or 29.7%, from approximately 3,700 members at December 31, 2006 to approximately 4,800 members as of December 31, 2007. These dental indemnity members represent in-area members whose dentists are outside of the Dental Care Plus provider network and out-of-area members for employer groups based in Ohio and Kentucky. Our ability to offer dental indemnity coverage has allowed us to sell dental benefits to employer groups that want access to out-of-network providers in our market areas and employer groups with out-of-area employees. Fully-insured dental PPO membership increased by approximately 6,400 members, or 71.9%, from approximately 8,900 members at December 31, 2006 to approximately 15,300 members at December 31, 2007. Approximately 5,600 members fully-insured dental PPO members converted from the Adenta dental product. Fully-insured vision membership increased by approximately 2,400 members, or 53.3%, from approximately 4,500 members at December 31, 2006 to approximately 6,900 members at December 31, 2007. Except for approximately 6,100 Dental Care Plus dental PPO members and approximately 800 Dental Care Plus dental indemnity members at December 31, 2007, the fully-insured dental indemnity, dental PPO and vision products are all underwritten by third party insurance carriers.
 
Revenue
 
Fully-insured dental HMO premium revenue increased approximately $838,000, or 2.2%, in 2007 as compared to 2006. Approximately $652,000 of this premium revenue increase is attributable to net membership volume increases in the dental HMO product line. Approximately $554,000 of this premium revenue increase is associated with dental HMO premium rate increases negotiated with employer groups at their annual renewals. These increases were offset by a decrease in Adenta premium revenue of approximately $368,000 during 2007 as the Adenta membership transferred to our dental PPO product or to another dental carrier.
 
Total self-insured revenue increased approximately $6,283,000, or 46.6%, from approximately $13,485,000 in 2006 to approximately $19,768,000 in 2007. This increase is attributable to the 34.9% increase in self-insured HMO membership, an increase in self-insured ASO fee rates and a provider fee schedule increase implemented at the beginning of 2007 that contributed to the 6.0% increase in self-insured claim revenue on a per member per month basis. The self-insured segment revenue has two components:
 
Self-Insured Claim Revenue — Self-insured claim revenue increased approximately $5,970,000, or 46.8%, from approximately $12,754,000 in 2006 to approximately $18,724,000 in 2007. This increase is due to the 34.9% increase in self-insured dental HMO membership along with a 6.0% increase in self-insured claim revenue on a per member per month basis in 2007 as compared to 2006.
 
Self-Insured ASO Fees — Self-insured ASO fees increased approximately $313,000, or 42.8%, from approximately $731,000 in 2006 to approximately $1,044,000 in 2007. These increases are primarily attributable to the 34.9% increase in self-insured HMO membership and a significant increase in the average self-insured ASO fee rates. We provide access to our Dental Care Plus provider network for an administrative fee, generally to self-insured groups. Our ASO fee revenue is recognized monthly when earned and is normally based on annual contracts with the self-insured groups.
 
Corporate, All Other premium revenue is derived from our fully-insured dental indemnity product, our fully-insured dental PPO products and our fully-insured vision product. In aggregate, Corporate, All Other premium


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revenue increased by approximately $1,242,000, or 279.7%, from approximately $444,000 in 2006 to approximately $1,686,000 in 2007.
 
During the first nine months of 2007, the dental indemnity product was underwritten by a third party insurance carrier and we were paid a portion of its premium in the form of administrative fees that cover our related costs and broker commissions. These dental indemnity administrative fees were approximately $124,000 for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007. The majority of the dental indemnity product is now underwritten by Dental Care Plus. In the fourth quarter of 2007, our fully-insured dental indemnity premium was approximately $274,000.
 
Our fully-insured dental PPO premium revenue increased by $879,000, or 406.9%, from approximately $216,000 in 2006 to approximately $1,095,000 in 2007. The DCP fully-insured dental PPO was introduced in the third quarter of 2006. In 2006, the Company entered into a quota share group dental reinsurance agreement with a third party insurance company. The third party insurance company has agreed to indemnify DCP relative to its share of the insurance risk. This group dental reinsurance agreement applies to certain group dental PPO policies underwritten by DCP in our expansion markets. The fully-insured PPO premium revenue for the portion retained by DCP increased by approximately $860,000, from approximately $53,000 in 2006 to approximately $913,000 in 2007.
 
Our other dental PPO product is underwritten by third party insurance carriers and we are paid a portion of its premium in the form of administrative fees that cover our related costs and broker commissions. These dental PPO administrative fees increased by approximately $18,000, or 11.0%, from approximately $164,000 in 2006 to approximately $182,000 in 2007.
 
In addition, our fully-insured vision product is underwritten by a third party insurance carrier and we are paid a portion of its premium in the form of administrative fees that cover our related costs and broker commissions. These vision product administrative fees increased by approximately $65,000, or 66.3%, from approximately $98,000 in 2006 to approximately $163,000 in 2007.
 
Healthcare Service Expenses
 
Fully-insured healthcare services expense increased approximately $58,000, or 0.2%, from approximately $30,178,000 in 2006 to approximately $30,236,000 in 2007. This increase is primarily attributable to the provider fee schedule increase implemented at the beginning of 2007 offset by the 2.5% decrease in fully-insured dental membership in 2007. On a per member per month basis, fully-insured healthcare services expense decreased by 1.5% in 2007 compared to 2006. Given the fee schedule increase effective January 1, 2007, there was a slight decrease in utilization on a per member per month basis and a less expensive mix of services provided in 2007 compared to 2006 primarily due to the shift of two employer groups with higher than average healthcare services expense on a per-member-per-month basis out of the fully-insured product line. The fully-insured healthcare services expense attributable to the Adenta membership was approximately $245,000 for 2006. There was no healthcare services expense attributable to Adenta membership in the 2007.
 
Self-insured healthcare services expense increased approximately $5,108,000, or 43.3%, from approximately $11,808,000 in 2006 to approximately $16,916,000 in 2007. This increase is attributable to both the 34.9% increase in self-insured dental HMO membership, the provider fee schedule increase implemented at the beginning of 2007, and the shift of the two employer groups with higher than average healthcare services expense on a per-member-per-month basis into the self-insured product line.
 
Corporate, All Other healthcare services expense is limited to the healthcare services expense related to the fully-insured Dental Care Plus dental PPO product that was introduced in the third quarter of 2006 and the fully-insured Dental Care Plus dental indemnity product that was introduced in the fourth quarter of 2007. The fully-insured Dental Care Plus dental PPO healthcare services expense for the portion of the risk retained by DCP increased by approximately $718,000, from approximately $40,000 in 2006 to approximately $758,000 in 2007. The fully-insured Dental Care Plus dental indemnity healthcare services expense increased by approximately $243,000, from $0 in 2006 to approximately $243,000 in 2007. Because our other dental indemnity, dental PPO and vision PPO products are underwritten by third party insurance carriers, we do not recognize any premium revenue or healthcare services expense associated with these products.


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Reinsurance
 
In the normal course of business, the Company cedes portions of its written premium revenue. As such, the Company limits its loss exposure to that portion of the insurable risk that it retains. Dental insurance premium ceded was approximately $228,000 in 2007. The healthcare services expense ceded was approximately $189,000 in 2007. As of December 31, 2007 the Company has approximately $26,500 of reinsurance recoverable and prepaid reinsurance premium net of reinsurance payable, which is included in accounts receivable.
 
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
 
Consolidated selling, general and administrative, or SG&A, expenses increased approximately $1,394,000, or 14.3%, from approximately $9,755,000 in 2006 to approximately $11,149,000 in 2007. Total SG&A expenses as a percentage of total premium revenue, or SG&A expense ratio, was 18.6% for 2007, decreasing 30 basis points from the 2006 ratio of 18.9%. Salaries and benefits increased by approximately $649,000 due to the addition of sales & marketing and provider relations staff for the expansion in the Dayton, Louisville and Lexington markets as well as additional operational and finance staff to support our expanded activities. Commissions expense increased approximately $525,000 due to the increases in membership and the fact that the prevailing commission rates in the Kentucky markets are higher than the prevailing rates in Southwestern Ohio. Depreciation and amortization expense for 2007 decreased approximately $211,000, or 34.2%, compared to 2006. These decreases were due primarily to a decrease in the amortization of the identifiable assets acquired in the acquisition of Adenta after the write down of the intangible asset associated with the Adenta network lease contract with Humana Dental in July of 2006. In 2007, board of directors expense increased approximately $180,000, or 52.3%, from approximately $344,000 in 2006 to approximately $524,000 in 2007 as a result of director compensation increases and additional board committee meetings. The remaining amount of approximately $251,000 is due to various operating expense increases in 2007 as compared to 2006.
 
Financial Statements and Exhibits
 
Investment Income
 
Investment income increased approximately $71,000, or 35.9%, from approximately $198,000 in 2006 to approximately $269,000 in 2007. This increase is primarily attributable to a shift of funds from short term to higher yield long term investments, higher interest bearing cash balances, and an increase in prevailing interest rates during 2007.
 
Other Income
 
Other income decreased approximately $211,000, or 69.2% in 2007 as compared to 2006. Dental provider network leasing revenue decreased approximately $185,000 in 2007 from approximately $213,000 in 2006 to approximately $28,000 in 2007 primarily due to the loss of the revenue associated with the Humana provider network lease with Adenta that was terminated in the third quarter of 2006. Rental revenue earned from leasing a portion of the office building owned by our subsidiary Dental Care Plus decreased by approximately $34,000, or 37.0%, from approximately $92,000 in 2006 to approximately $58,000 in 2007 due to a vacancy in a portion of the office building in 2007.
 
Interest Expense
 
Interest expense decreased $26,000, or 21.5%, from approximately $121,000 in 2006 to approximately $95,000 in 2007. The decrease is primarily attributable to a decrease in the interest expense associated with our capital lease and mortgage obligations as these obligation decreased.
 
Income Taxes
 
Our effective tax rate for 2007 of 34.1% decreased 11.4% compared to the 45.5% effective tax rate in 2006. Our 2007 effective tax rate is lower than the federal statutory rate due to a decrease in applicable state and local taxes, release of the FIN 48 reserve due to settlement of state income taxes and the elimination of certain non-deductible reorganization costs associated with acquiring the Dental Care Plus Life Insurance license that were no longer applicable during 2007.


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See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8- Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for a complete reconciliation of the federal statutory rate to the effective tax rate.
 
Comparison of Results of Operations for 2006 and 2005
 
The following chart shows membership totals and revenues and expenses for our three business segments for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands, except for membership data and percentage change):
 
                         
    2006     2005     Change  
 
Membership:
                       
Fully-insured DHMO
    137,100       137,000       0.0 %
Self-insured DHMO
    62,500       46,000       35.9 %
Corporate, All Other
    17,100       6,100       180.3 %
                         
Total membership
    216,700       189,100       14.6 %
                         
Premium revenue:
                       
Fully-insured DHMO
  $ 37,658     $ 34,688       8.6 %
Self-insured DHMO
    13,485       10,044       34.3 %
Corporate, All Other
    444       125       255.2 %
                         
Total premium revenue
    51,587       44,857       15.0 %
                         
Healthcare service expense:
                       
Fully-insured DHMO
    30,178       27,681       9.0 %
Self-insured DHMO
    11,808       8,568       37.8 %
Corporate, All Other
    40       0       100.0 %
                         
Total healthcare service expense
    42,026       36,249       15.9 %
                         
Selling, general & administrative expenses:
                       
Corporate, All Other
    9,755       8,016       21.7 %
                         
Investment income:
                       
Corporate, All Other
    198       104       90.4 %
                         
Other income:
                       
Corporate, All Other
    305       221       38.0 %
                         
Interest expense:
                       
Corporate, All Other
    (121 )     (129 )     (6.2 )%
                         
Income tax expense:
                       
Corporate, All Other
    86       321       (73.2 )%
                         
 
Summary
 
Net income on redeemable common shares was approximately $103,000, or $12.59 per redeemable common share, in 2006 compared to approximately $467,000, or $55.14 per redeemable common share, in 2005. The decrease in net income on redeemable common shares primarily resulted from increased healthcare services expense and increased selling, general and administrative expenses associated with becoming an Exchange Act reporting company.
 
Membership
 
Our fully-insured dental HMO membership remained relatively constant in 2006 as compared to 2005. As of December 31, 2006 and 2005, we had approximately 137,100 and 137,000 fully-insured members, respectively.
 
Self-insured dental HMO membership increased by approximately 16,500 members, or 35.9%. The increase is primarily the result of one new self-insured dental HMO employer group obtained in July 2006 with approximately 10,000 members.


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Corporate all other, membership increased by approximately 11,000 members, or 180.3%. The increase is primarily attributable to the increase membership in our dental PPO product from approximately 2,400 members at December 31, 2005 to 8,900 members at December 31, 2006. Dental indemnity membership increased 36.8%, to approximately 3,700 members at December 31, 2006 from approximately 2,600 members at December 31, 2005. The dental indemnity members represent the out-of-area members for employer groups based in Ohio and Kentucky. The remaining increase is attributed to an increase in the membership in the fully-insured Vision Care Plus product from approximately 1,100 at December 31, 2005 to approximately 4,500 at December 31, 2006. Except for approximately 1,000 Dental Care Plus dental PPO members at December 31, 2006, the dental indemnity product, the dental PPO product and the fully-insured vision product are all underwritten by third party insurance carriers.
 
Revenue
 
Fully-insured dental HMO premium revenue increased approximately $3.0 million, or 8.6%, in 2006 as compared to 2005. This premium revenue increase is attributable a shift of membership volume from the Adenta dental HMO product to the Dental Care Plus dental HMO product with higher premium rates and increases in negotiated premium rates with employer groups at their annual renewals.
 
Total self-insured revenue increased approximately $3.4 million, or 34.3%, in 2006 as compared to 2005. This increase is attributable to the 35.9% increase in self-insured HMO membership and a provider fee schedule increase implemented at the beginning of 2006. The self-insured segment revenue has two components:
 
Self-insured Claim Revenue — Self-insured claim revenue increased approximately $3.2 million, or 34.4% in 2006 as compared to 2005 is due to increased self-insured dental HMO membership along with a fee schedule increase implemented in 2006.
 
Self-insured ASO Fees — Self-insured ASO fees increased approximately $176,000, or 31.8% in 2006 as compared to 2005. This increase is primarily attributable to the 35.9% increase in self-insured HMO membership and is also attributable to a slight increase in average ASO fee rates. We provide access to our Dental Care Plus provider network for an administrative fee, generally to self-insured groups. Our ASO fee revenue is recognized monthly when earned and is normally based on annual contracts with the self-insured groups.
 
Corporate, All Other premium revenue is derived from our administrative fees related to our dental indemnity, dental PPO and vision products that are underwritten by third party insurance carriers, as well as premium revenue from our dental PPO product underwritten by Dental Care Plus. As of September 2006, we began offering the Dental Care Plus dental PPO in Kentucky only; the Dental Care Plus dental PPO premium accounts for approximately $53,000 of this revenue increase in 2006. The remaining dental and vision products are underwritten by third party insurance carriers. We are paid a portion of premium in the form of administrative fees that cover our administrative costs, brokers commissions, and profit. These administrative fees increased in 2006 by approximately $266,000 or 213.2%.
 
Healthcare Service Expenses
 
Fully-insured healthcare services expense increased approximately $2.5 million, or 9.0%, in 2006 as compared to 2005. This increase is attributable to both the increase in dental HMO membership and the provider fee schedule increase implemented at the beginning of 2006. Member utilization remained relatively constant between 2005 and 2006.
 
Self-insured healthcare services expense increased approximately $3.2 million or 37.8%, in 2006 as compared to 2005. This increase is attributable to both the increase in self-insured dental HMO membership and the provider fee schedule increase implemented at the beginning of 2006. Member utilization remained relatively constant between 2005 and 2006.
 
Corporate, All Other healthcare services expense was approximately $40,000 for the Dental Care Plus dental PPO product that was introduced in September of 2006. Because our other dental indemnity, dental PPO and vision


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PPO products are underwritten by third party insurance carriers, we do not recognize any premium revenue or healthcare services expense associated with these products.
 
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
 
Consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately $1.7 million, or 21.7%, in 2006 as compared to 2005. Salaries and benefits increased by approximately $420,000 due to the addition of sales & marketing and provider relations staff for the expansion in the Dayton, Louisville and Lexington markets as well as additional operational and finance staff to support our expanded activities. Commissions expense increased approximately $326,000 due to the increases in membership and the fact that the prevailing commission rates in the Kentucky markets are higher than the prevailing rates in Southwestern Ohio. Professional services expense increased approximately $291,000, or 35.5%. This increase was primarily due to the an increase in legal and accounting expense associated with becoming a SEC reporting company. Depreciation and amortization expense increased approximately $301,000, or 95.6%, to approximately $616,000 in 2006 from approximately $315,000 in 2005. This increase was due to the amortization of the identifiable assets acquired in the acquisition of Adenta. Amortization recorded in 2006 includes an impairment charge recorded in July of approximately $128,000 to eliminate the remaining balance associated with the Humana Dental network lease agreement intangible asset. See Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. In 2006, computer maintenance expensed increased approximately $108,000 due to the monthly service agreement for the new dental administration software that was implemented in February 2006. Board of Directors fees increased approximately $115,000 as a result of the new DCP Holding Company Deferred Compensation Plan as well as an additional director added in 2006. The remaining amount of approximately $139,000 is due to various operating expense increases in 2006 as compared to 2005.
 
Financial Statements and Exhibits
 
Investment Income
 
Investment income increased approximately $94,000, or 90.4%, in 2006 as compared to 2005. This increase is primarily attributable to a shift of funds from short term to higher yield long term investments, higher interest bearing cash balances, and an increase in prevailing interest rates.
 
Other Income
 
Other income increased approximately $84,000, or 38.0%, in 2006 as compared to 2005. Dental provider network leasing revenue increased approximately $68,000 in 2006 from approximately $145,000 in 2005 to approximately $213,000 in 2006 primarily due to the revenue associated with the acquisition of Adenta. The increase of Other revenue also contributed to the increase. Other revenue includes rental revenue earned from leasing a portion of the office building owned by our subsidiary Dental Care Plus.
 
Interest Expense
 
Interest expense decreased $8,000, or 6.2%, to approximately $121,000 in 2006 from approximately $129,000 in 2005. The decrease is primarily attributable to the interest expense associated with the reduction of our capital lease obligation related to dental administration software.
 
Income Taxes
 
Our effective tax rate for 2006 of 45.5% increased 4.8% compared to the 40.7% effective tax rate in 2005. Our 2006 effective tax rate is higher than the federal statutory rate due to applicable state and local taxes and certain non-deductible reorganization costs associated with acquiring the Dental Care Plus Life Insurance license. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8- Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for a complete reconciliation of the federal statutory rate to the effective tax rate.


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Liquidity and Capital Resources and changes in Financial Condition
 
Our primary sources of cash are premiums, ASO fees, investment and other income, as well as the proceeds from the sale or maturity of our investment securities and from borrowings. Our primary uses of cash include disbursements for claims payments, selling, general and administrative expenses, interest expense, taxes, purchases of investment securities, capital expenditures, acquisitions, and payments on borrowings. Because premiums are collected in advance of claims payments, our business should normally produce positive cash flows during a period of increasing enrollment. Conversely, cash flows would be negatively impacted during a period of shrinking enrollment. Cash decreased approximately $700,000, or 11.3%, for the year ended December 31, 2007 to approximately $5.5 million at December 31, 2007 from approximately $6.2 million at December 31, 2006. Cash increased approximately $600,000 or 10.7%, to approximately $6.2 million at December 31, 2006 from approximately $5.6 million at December 31, 2005. The change in cash for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 is summarized as follows (in thousands):
 
                         
    2007     2006     2005  
 
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
  $ (398 )   $ 1,399     $ 2,021  
Net cash used in investing activities
    (126 )     (285 )     (301 )
Net cash used in financing activities
    (182 )     (519 )     (395 )
                         
Increase (decrease) in cash
  $ (706 )   $ 595     $ 1,324  
                         
 
Cash flow from Operating Activities
 
In 2007, we used approximately $398,000 of cash in operating activities. We realized net income of approximately $604,000. In addition to our 2007 net income, we recognized depreciation and amortization of approximately $405,000. Other sources of cash include: increases in our unearned premium, accounts payable and other accrued expenses, deferred compensation and federal income tax payable liabilities totaling approximately $590,000. These sources of operating cash were offset by a decrease in our claims payable liability of approximately $1.5 million due to the payments to dental providers on December 31, 2007 that reduced our inventory of reported claims in process, increases in accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets totaling approximately $353,000, and deferred income taxes of approximately $144,000.
 
In 2006, we generated approximately $1.4 million of cash by operating activities and realized net income of approximately $103,000. The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities of approximately $622,000 is primarily due to a decrease in net income in 2006 as compared to 2005. Continued growth of approximately $100,000 and an increase in the provider withhold payable in the amount of $600,000 account for the increase in claims payable of approximately $700,000 from approximately $3.3 million at December 31, 2005 to approximately $4.0 million at December 31, 2006. In addition, our growth in 2006, contributed to an increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities totaling approximately $538,000. Non-cash depreciation and amortization expense was approximately $615,000. These increases in cash provided by operating activities were offset by an increase in account receivable and other assets and a decrease in unearned premium totaling approximately $484,000.
 
In 2005, we generated approximately $2.0 million of cash by operating activities and realized net income of approximately $467,000. Continued growth and the Adenta acquisition led to an increase in claims payable of approximately $419,000, an increase in accounts payable and accrued expense of approximately $625,000 and an increase in unearned premium of approximately $260,000. These increases in current liabilities resulted in a corresponding increase in our cash balances. In addition, non-cash depreciation and amortization increased to approximately $315,000 in 2005.
 
Cash flow from Investing Activities
 
In 2007, we invested approximately $137,000 in building improvements, office equipment and computer equipment. Also in 2007, approximately $1.2 million of our investments matured, and we reinvested the proceeds in additional investments.


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In 2006, we invested approximately $160,000 in building improvements, office equipment and computer equipment. During 2006, we completed the required net asset valuation analysis for the Adenta acquisition in 2005, and the Company and the representatives of the former Adenta shareholders negotiated an agreement whereby the former Adenta shareholders were paid an additional cash consideration of $25,000. Also in 2006, we invested an additional $100,000 of our excess cash in FDIC insured bank certificates of deposits in order to earn higher interest rate yields.
 
In 2005, we invested approximately $80,000 in building improvements, office equipment and computer equipment. In June of 2005, we acquired all of the outstanding common stock of Adenta for $250,000 plus the assumption of approximately $242,000 in interest bearing debt. With the acquisition of Adenta we obtained cash balances of approximately $280,000 and paid acquisition related transaction costs of approximately $47,000. Accordingly, the net cash used relative to the Adenta acquisition was approximately $17,000. Also in 2005, we invested an additional $200,000 of our excess cash in FDIC insured bank certificates of deposits and U.S. government security money market funds in order to earn higher interest rate yields. Thus, the total cash used in investing activities was approximately $301,000 in 2005. This amount was approximately $1.8 million less than the cash used in investing activities in 2004 primarily because our initial investment of approximately $1.6 million in FDIC insured bank certificates of deposit.
 
Cash flow from Financing Activities
 
In 2007, we paid $120,000 of our outstanding mortgage balance, approximately $210,000 in capital lease payments for our dental administration software, and approximately $55,000 of the principal balance of the Adenta debt assumed in 2005. During 2006, we repurchased redeemable common shares with a value of approximately $62,000, which was offset by the issuance of redeemable commons shares with a value of approximately $266,000. There were no new financing commitments executed in 2007.
 
In 2006, we paid $120,000 of our outstanding mortgage balance, $171,000 in capital lease payments for our dental administration software, and $95,000 of the principal balance of the Adenta debt assumed in 2005. During 2006, we repurchased redeemable common shares with a value of approximately $141,000, which was partially offset by the issuance of redeemable commons shares with a value of approximately $35,000. There were no new financing commitments executed in 2006.
 
In 2005, we refinanced approximately $190,000 of debt we assumed in the acquisition of Adenta under more favorable terms and conditions with a commercial bank in Ohio. We also paid $120,000 of our outstanding mortgage balance, $171,000 in capital lease payments for our new dental administration software, and $92,000 of the principal balance of the assumed Adenta debt. This represents a total payment of approximately $383,000 in debt and capital lease obligations in 2005.
 
Our mortgage note matures in June 2013. The note requires us to make principal payments of $10,000 per month, and bears interest at a variable rate of 30-day LIBOR plus 1.75%.
 
Provider Withhold Payments
 
In most cases, the fees of our participating providers for covered dental services under the dental HMO are subject to a 10% withhold by us. Accordingly, our dental HMO network providers are paid 90% of the agreed fees for covered services as set forth on applicable fee schedule. The amounts withheld are not retained in a separate fund and we have no obligation to pay any portion of the amounts withheld to the providers. The dental providers have no vested rights in the amounts withheld unless our Board of Directors authorizes any amounts withheld to be paid to the providers, and then vesting is only to the extent of such amounts authorized to be paid. Once authorized for payment by the Board, such amounts are recorded as claims payable liabilities until paid.
 
In December of each year our Board evaluates the projected pre-tax income of our dental HMO plans, capital and surplus requirements prescribed by the Ohio Department of Insurance and factors impacting our A.M. Best financial strength rating, such as the ratio of our projected fully-insured premium revenue to our projected capital and surplus level. In addition, the Board considers the capital expenditures needed to support strategic objectives for the coming years (such as the implementation of the new dental plan administration system, expansion of office


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space and acquisition of office equipment for new employees) and our estimated federal income tax liability. After considering these and any other factors deemed relevant, the Board determines the amount of the provider withhold that may be paid to participating dental providers, if any. Each participating dental provider’s share of the provider withhold payment is based on the proportionate amount of claims submitted by such participating dental provider in relation to the total claims submitted by all participating dental providers in a given year, expressed as a percentage, and is not related to or dependent upon any such provider’s holdings of shares in the Company. Payments authorized by the Board are accrued in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year. The Board authorized amounts of return of withhold amounting to $650,000 and $900,000 for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. In 2005, the Board authorized amounts of return of withhold totaling approximately $610,000 that consisted of $300,000 with respect to amounts withheld in 2005 and 2004, and approximately $310,000 with respect to amounts withheld in 2003.
 
Based on historical experience, the Board may authorize an aggregate provider withhold payment between 0% and 45% of the approximate $5.5 million provider withhold expected for 2008, or a maximum of $2.5 million. We also expect that the Board may authorize aggregate provider withhold payments for calendar years 2009 through 2011 in amounts between 0% and 45% of the total provider withhold amounts for those years and that the level of provider withhold payments for 2009 through 2011 could be greater than 45% depending upon the Company’s performance. However, the Board will not authorize an aggregate provider withhold payment for any year that would result in an operating loss for the year in review. These forecasted amounts are based on projections of future claims revenues and certain planning assumptions and estimates currently being made with respect to future application of the factors historically considered by the Board in making its determination to authorize the payment of withhold amounts. These planning assumptions reflect management’s current expectations and views about future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual withhold payment amounts to differ materially from these stated assumptions. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those being planned for, include, among others: claims exceeding or not meeting our estimates, a threatened or actual downgrade in our financial strength rating, the loss of a significant customer or broker, the loss of a large employer group and an unexpected increase or decrease in dental service utilization by our dental members.
 
Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments
 
A summary of our future commitments as of December 31, 2007 is as follows:
 
                                         
    Less than 1
                More than
       
Contractual Obligations
  Year     1-3 Years     3-5 Years     5 Years     Total  
 
Long-term debt and interest(1)
  $ 238,771     $ 436,643     $ 383,203     $ 689,040     $ 1,747,657  
Capital lease and interest
    232,213       19,350                   251,563  
Operating Leases
    165,712       307,372       31,023             504,107  
Claims Payable
    2,490,251                         2,490,251  
                                         
Total
  $ 3,126,947     $ 763,365     $ 414,226     $ 689,040     $ 4,993,578  
                                         
 
 
(1) Our swap interest payments are based on a fixed rate of 4.95%. We estimate that we will receive swap interest payments totaling approximately $212,000 based on a variable rate of LIBOR plus 1.75% or 6.07%, as of December 31, 2007.
 
Off-balance sheet Arrangements
 
At December 31, 2007, future approximate minimum annual lease payments under noncancellable operating leases are as follows: 2008 — $166,000; 2009 — $159,000; 2010 — $148,000, and 2011 — $31,000.


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Financial Condition
 
Our consolidated cash and short term investments were approximately $6.4 million at December 31, 2007. Our consolidated cash and short term investments decreased by approximately $900,000 from approximately $7.3 million as of December 31, 2006.
 
This decrease in cash and short term investments from December 31, 2006 to December 31, 2007 is primarily due to the cash used in operating, investing and financing activities of approximately $398,000, $126,000 and $182,000, respectively. In addition to this decrease in cash and short term investments of approximately $706,000, there was a shift of approximately $200,000 in FDIC insured certificate of deposit investment from short term investments to long term investments during this period.
 
On January 3, 2006 we entered into an agreement with Fifth Third Bank for a $500,000 working capital line of credit. Interest was payable based on the prime borrowing rate of 7.25% at December 31, 2007. The Company did not have any interest expense for the line of credit in 2007 and paid $158 in 2006. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006 there was no amount outstanding on the line of credit.
 
Together our cash, short term investments and working capital line of credit we believe are sufficient to meet our short term and long term liquidity needs. In the short term, we are obligated to make payments related to our contractual obligations such as our building mortgage, computer system capital lease, and our operating leases and other commitments (see contractual obligations and other commitments). In the long term, we will continue to be obligated to make payments related to our contractual obligations delineated above. We will also be obligated in certain circumstances to repurchase the redeemable shares of our provider shareholders who die, are permanently disabled, or retire. Our Board of Directors establishes limitations on the amount of share redemptions each year. While we are not able to estimate future redeemable common share redemptions, we repurchased approximately $62,000, $141,000, and $12,000 worth of redeemable common shares in the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. We believe our cash balances, investment securities, operating cash flows, and borrowing capacity, taken together, provide adequate resources to fund ongoing operating and regulatory requirements and fund future expansion opportunities and capital expenditures in the foreseeable future.
 
We operate as a holding company in a highly regulated industry. We are primarily dependent upon management fees that we receive from our subsidiaries. We receive over 97% of our management fees from our subsidiary Dental Care Plus. We also receive dividends from our subsidiaries from time to time. The dividends from our subsidiary, Dental Care Plus, are subject to regulatory restrictions.
 
Regulatory RBC Requirements
 
Our largest subsidiary, Dental Care Plus operates in states that regulate its payment of dividends and debt service on inter-company loans, as well as other inter-company cash transfers and require minimum levels of equity as well as limit investments to approved securities. The amount of dividends that may be paid by Dental Care Plus, without prior approval by state regulatory authorities, is limited based on statutory income and statutory capital and surplus. Prior notification must be provided to state agencies in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana before paying a dividend even if approval is not required.
 
On December 18, 2006, the Ohio Department of Insurance approved Dental Care Plus, Inc.’s application for a life and health insurance license. As an Ohio-domiciled insurance company dually licensed as a life and health insurer and a specialty health insuring corporation, Dental Care Plus is now able to underwrite dental indemnity, dental PPO, dental HMO, and vision benefit products as well as other life and health oriented products in Ohio. Accordingly, the required capital and surplus for Dental Care Plus licensed as a life and health insurance company in Ohio was $2.5 million at December 31, 2007.
 
We maintained aggregate statutory capital and surplus of approximately $4.7 million as of December 31, 2007 and were in compliance with applicable statutory requirements. Although the minimum required levels of equity are largely based on premium volume, product mix, and the quality of assets held, minimum requirements can vary significantly from state to state. Given our anticipated premium growth in 2008 resulting from the expansion of our networks and membership, capital requirements will increase. We expect to fund these increased requirements


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through the retention of earnings, investment in Dental Care Plus of the earnings of other subsidiaries and capital raised in future redeemable common and preferred share offerings.
 
Most states rely on risk-based capital requirements, or RBC, to define the required levels of equity. RBC is a model developed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners to monitor an entity’s solvency. This calculation indicates recommended minimum levels of required capital and surplus and signals regulatory measures should actual surplus fall below these recommended levels. RBC has been adopted by Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana, the three states in which we currently do business. We file our annual statement and RBC reporting with the Ohio Department of Insurance and the NAIC.
 
Other Matters
 
The differences between our net income and comprehensive income include the changes in the unrealized gains or losses on marketable securities and changes in the fair value of our interest rate swap agreement. For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, such changes increased or (decreased), net of related income tax effects, by the following amounts:
 
                         
    For Years Ended December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005  
 
Changes in:
                       
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments
  $ 5,030     $ 554     $ (5,233 )
Increase (decrease) in fair value of interest rate swap
    (30,096 )     (3,953 )     15,429  
                         
Total
  $ (25,066 )   $ (3,399 )   $ 10,196  
                         
 
Net unrealized investment gains in marketable securities (net of income tax effects) were $5,030 in the year ended December 31, 2007. Net unrealized investment losses in marketable securities (net of income tax effects) were $554 in the year ended December 31, 2006.
 
The fair market value of the variable to fixed interest rate swap contract (net of income tax effects) decreased by $30,096 in year ended December 31, 2007 due to a decrease in prevailing interest rates during 2007. The fair market value of the variable to fixed interest rate swap contract (net of income tax effects) decreased by $3,953 in year ended December 31, 2006 due to a decrease in expected future interest rates during 2006. The fair market value of the variable to fixed interest rate swap contract was $27,009, $72,609 and $78,599 at December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively and is included in other assets.
 
Critical Accounting Policies
 
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Application of those accounting principles includes the use of estimates and assumptions that are made by management, and that we believe are reasonable based on the information available. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. We believe the most critical accounting policies used to prepare the accompanying consolidated financial statements are the following:
 
Investments
 
We have classified all of our investments as “available-for-sale.” Accordingly, investments are carried at fair value, based on quoted market prices, and unrealized gains and losses, net of applicable income taxes, are reported in a separate caption of stockholders’ equity. We invest our excess cash in FDIC insured bank certificates of deposit and U.S. government security money market funds. Each certificate of deposit with an original cost of $100,000 is invested with a separate FDIC-insured financial institution. The quoted market prices of these certificates of deposit are the amounts we would receive if we liquidated them prior to maturity. We conduct periodic reviews of individual portfolio holdings that have a market value less than their respective carrying value to identify other-than-temporary impairments. As of December 31, 2007, there were no other-than-temporary impairments. In the event there was an unrealized loss on an investment that we believed to be other than temporary, the loss would be reported in the


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statement of operations, instead of in a separate caption of stockholders’ equity. The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts, which at times exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. The Company believes it is not exposed to any significant risks with respect to its cash.
 
Accounts Receivable
 
Accounts receivable represent uncollected premiums related to coverage periods prior to the balance sheet date, and are stated at the estimated collectible amounts, net of an allowance for bad debts. We regularly monitor the timing and amount of our premium collections, and maintain a reserve for estimated bad debt losses. The amount of the reserve is based primarily on our historical experience and any customer-specific collection issues that are identified.
 
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
 
Goodwill arises in business combinations when the purchase price of assets acquired exceeds the appraised value. As with tangible and other intangible assets, periodic impairment reviews are required, at least annually, as well as when events or circumstances change. Management uses judgment in assessing goodwill for impairment. We review the recorded value of our goodwill annually or sooner if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may exceed fair value. The review for impairment requires management to predict the estimated cash flows that will be generated by the long-lived asset over its remaining estimated useful life. Considerable judgment must be exercised in determining future cash flows and their timing and, possibly, choosing business value comparables or selecting discount rates to be used in any value computations.
 
Business acquisitions often result in recording intangible assets. Intangible assets are recognized at the time of an acquisition, based upon their fair value. Similar to long-lived tangible assets, intangible assets are subject to amortization and periodic impairment reviews whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. As with tangible assets, considerable judgment must be exercised.
 
Liability for Claims Payable
 
Our estimated liability for claims payable and corresponding healthcare service expense includes claims incurred but not reported (“IBNR”), claims reported but not yet processed and paid and other healthcare services expenses incurred, including estimated costs of processing outstanding claims and actual amounts of accrued but unpaid payments in respect of our Dental Care Plus provider withhold which have been authorized by our Board of Directors. Our estimated liability for claims payable is based primarily on the average historical lag time between the date of service and the date the related claim is paid, taking into account recent trends in payment rates and the average number of incurred claims per covered individual in the most recent 12 month period.
 
The following table shows our total claims payable liability for the periods indicated and its three components. IBNR represents a substantial portion of our claims payable liability.
 
                                 
    2007           2006        
 
IBNR
  $ 1,185,541       47.6 %   $ 1,514,963       38.0 %
Reported claims in process
    609,890       24.5 %     1,501,508       37.7 %
Other healthcare services expenses payable
    694,820       27.9 %     971,120       24.3 %
                                 
Total claims payable liability
  $ 2,490,251       100 %   $ 3,987,591       100 %
                                 
 
At December 31, 2007, our estimated total claims payable liability included approximately $2.5 million for Dental Care Plus, comprised of IBNR of approximately $1.2 million and reported claims in process of approximately $610,000. Other healthcare services expenses at December 31, 2007 included approximately $45,000 for the estimated cost of processing outstanding claims and an accrued but unpaid provider withhold payment of $650,000. The provider withhold liability was recognized in December 2007 when it was authorized by our Board of Directors.


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At December 31, 2006, our estimated total claims payable liability included approximately $4.0 million for Dental Care Plus, comprised of IBNR of approximately $1.5 million and reported claims in process of approximately $1.5 million. Other healthcare services expenses at December 31, 2006 included approximately $71,000 for the estimated cost of processing outstanding claims and an accrued but unpaid provider withhold payment of $900,000. The provider withhold liability was recognized in December 2006 when it was authorized by our Board of Directors.
 
Between December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2007, our IBNR estimate decreased by approximately $329,000 or 21.7%, primarily due to a fully-insured membership decrease of 2.5%, a slight decrease in utilization on a per member per month basis and a less expensive mix of services provided in 2007 compared to 2006 primarily due to the shift of two employer groups with higher than average healthcare services expense on a per-member-per-month basis out of the fully-insured product line. Reported claims in process decreased by approximately $892,000, or 59.4%, from December 31, 2005 to December 31, 2006 due to a decrease in the number of days of reported claims in process from 14 days at December 31, 2006 to 4 days at December 31, 2007. The number of days of reported claims in process at year end varies with the timing of our bi-weekly provider claim payment cycle. In 2007, we had a bi-weekly claim payment to providers on December 31, 2007 that cleared out the majority of the reported claims in process at year end. Other healthcare services expense payable decreased by approximately $276,000, primarily due to the fact that the unpaid provider withhold payment of $650,000 at December 31, 2007 that was authorized by our Board of Directors in December of 2007 was $250,000 less than the comparable unpaid provider withhold amount of $900,000 at December 31, 2006.
 
IBNR and Reported Claims in Process Estimates
 
We estimate liabilities for both IBNR and reported claims in process by employing actuarial methods that are commonly used by health insurance actuaries and meet actuarial standards of practice. These actuarial standards of practice require that claim liabilities estimates be adequate under moderately adverse circumstances. The Company’s consulting actuary assists us in making these estimates.
 
Since our liability for claims payable is based on actuarial estimates, the amount of claims eventually paid for services provided prior to the balance sheet date could differ from the estimated liability. Any such differences are recognized in the consolidated statement of income for the period in which the differences are identified.
 
We develop our estimate for claims payable liability using actuarial methodologies and assumptions, primarily based on historical claim payments and claim receipt patterns, as well as historical dental cost trends. Depending on the period for which incurred claims are estimated, we apply a different method in determining our estimate. For periods prior to the most recent month, we calculate a “completion factor” which indicates the percentage of claims payable estimated for a prior period that have been paid as of the end of the current reporting period. We use the completion factor to determine historical patterns over a rolling 12-month period, made consistent period over period by making adjustments for known changes in claim inventory levels and known changes in claim payment processes. For the most recent month, we calculate a “claims trend factor” that estimates incurred claims primarily from a trend analysis based upon per member per month claims trends developed from our historical experience in the preceding months, adjusted for known provider contracting changes, changes in benefit levels and seasonality.
 
We have not changed the key actuarial methodologies and assumptions used by management to estimate the IBNR and reported claims in process components of our claims payable liability during the periods presented, and management has not adjusted any of the key methodologies and assumptions used in calculating the most recent estimate of the IBNR and reported claims in process components of our claims payable liability.
 
The table set forth below illustrates how our operating results are impacted when there is a variance between estimated claims expense and actual claims expense. The table shows the sensitivity of the estimated fully-insured incurred claims payable liability to fluctuations in the expected completion factors and claims trend factors that were used to estimate the claims payable liability as of December 31, 2007 within variance ranges historically experienced.
 


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Completion Factor (a)     Claims Trend Factor(b)  
      Estimated Claims
                  Estimated Claims
 
(Decrease)
    Payable Liability
        (Decrease)
        Payable Liability
 
Increase
    as of
        Increase
        as of
 
In Factor
    12/31/2007         In Factor         12/31/2007  
 
  (0.25 )%         2,566,251       (1 )%         2,468,251  
  0 %   (estimate used)     2,490,251       0 %   (estimate used)     2,490,251  
  0.25 %         2,434,251       1 %         2,512,251  
 
 
(a) Reflects estimated potential changes in incurred claims payable liability caused by changes in completion factors for months prior to the most recent month.
 
(b) Reflects estimated potential changes in incurred claims payable liability caused by annualized claims trend used for the estimation of the per member per month incurred claims for the most recent month.
 
Based on historical experience, the completion factors we use to estimate outstanding IBNR and reported claims in process are highly reliable for predicting actual claims paid at future times, with a variance range of approximately one-quarter of one percent, plus or minus. The claims trend factors we use to estimate outstanding IBNR and reported claims in process for the most recent month are somewhat less reliable based on historical experience, with a variance range of approximately one percent, plus or minus. We have found that the estimated claims trend factor can be higher or lower than what the paid claims data indicates with the passage of time primarily because of factors beyond our control, such as the level of utilization of services by dental members and the expected and actual mix of the types of services received by dental members.
 
Provider Withhold Payments
 
We do not estimate an accrued liability on a quarterly basis for provider withhold payments because we have no obligation to pay any portion of the amount withheld to the providers and providers have no vested rights in the amounts withheld unless our Board of Directors authorizes a payment to them. Our Board makes a decision annually in December as to whether or not to authorize any payment in respect of the withhold amount for the current year at which time the Company records a liability for the authorized withhold amount. Given the uncertainties associated with the factors considered by the Board and the discretionary nature of these payments, we are not able to estimate the liability for provider withhold payments prior to Board authorization. The actual amount authorized by our Board for payment to the providers is added to the accrued liability for claims payable in the month the authorization occurs.
 
The amount of the annual provider withhold payment authorized by our Board varies from year to year depending on, among other factors deemed relevant from time to time, the amount of pre-tax income projected for the year then ending, our estimated income tax liability for the year, the amount of retained earnings needed to satisfy the risk-based capital requirements of the Ohio Department of Insurance, factors impacting our financial strength rating with A.M. Best, such as the ratio of our projected fully-insured premium revenue to our projected capital and surplus level, and the amount of capital needed for anticipated future capital expenditures.
 
The annual provider withhold payment authorized by the Board is recorded in December of the applicable year, resulting in a corresponding increase of claims expense and claims payable liability. Depending on the amount of the provider withhold payment authorized, there may be a material increase in the claims payable liability at year end. At December 31, 2007, our claims payable liability increased by approximately 35% after recording the $650,000 provider withhold payment authorized by the Board. Safeguarding the financial condition and liquidity of the Company is a material factor considered in the provider withhold payment practices adopted by the Board.
 
Redeemable Common Shares
 
The Company’s Class A and Class B redeemable common shares are owned by participating providers and Company directors. Only participating providers in the original eight county area are eligible to own Class A voting redeemable common shares (See Note 10). All participating providers, Company directors and Company employees are eligible to own the Class B non-voting redeemable common shares. As of December 31, 2005 to comply

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with the requirements of EITF D-98, the Company changed its reporting related to its redeemable common shares as a result of becoming a Securities and Exchange Commission registrant. The Company’s Class A and Class B common shares are now considered to be redeemable common shares due to the fact that the shareholders have the option to require the Company to repurchase these shares upon their death, permanent disability or retirement. The Company now records Class A and Class B common shares as Redeemable Common Shares in the consolidated balance sheet outside of permanent shareholders’ equity at the redemption value of the common shares. Accordingly, the Company records any net income (loss) or other comprehensive income (loss) that formerly was recorded as a change to retained earnings as a change to the redemption value of the Redeemable Common Shares to accrete the carrying value of the Redeemable Common Shares to the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Under this method, the end of the reporting period is treated as if it were also the redemption date for the security.
 
Recognition of Premium Revenue
 
Premium revenue is recognized in the period during which dental or vision coverage is provided to the covered individuals. Payments received from customers in advance of the related period of coverage are reflected on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as unearned premium revenue.
 
Healthcare Services Expense
 
Healthcare services expense is recognized on a monthly basis. In the case of the fully-insured dental HMO segment, healthcare services expense is calculated by taking the paid claims associated with the fully-insured membership and adjusting this amount for the change in the claims payable liability determined using the actuarial estimates discussed above. For the self-insured dental HMO segment, the healthcare services expense is based solely on the paid claims for the self-insured membership. We deduct a provider withhold from the claim payments to providers equal to 10% of the allowed amount according to the provider fee schedule. At the end of each year, our Board of Directors determines, in its sole discretion, how much if any of the provider withhold can be paid out to participating providers. Provider withhold payments authorized by our Board during the fiscal year are recorded as an increase to healthcare services expense.
 
Income Taxes
 
Our accounting for income taxes is in accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” SFAS No. 109 requires the recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that are recognized in our financial statements in different periods than those in which the events are recognized in our tax returns. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets is based on current tax laws as of the balance sheet date. We record a valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets in the event that available evidence indicates that the future tax benefits related to deferred tax assets may not be realized. A valuation allowance is required when it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Our determination of whether a valuation allowance is required is subject to change based on future estimates of the recoverability of our net deferred tax assets.
 
Effective January 1, 2007 the Company adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48 (“FIN 48”), “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”. FIN 48 is an interpretation of SFAS No. 109. This Interpretation clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109. This Interpretation prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This Interpretation also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition.
 
New Accounting Standards
 
In September 2006, SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”, was issued. This statement provides a new definition of fair value that serves to replace and unify old fair value definitions so that consistency on the definition is achieved, and the definition provided acts as a modification of the current accounting presumption that a transaction price of an asset or liability equals its initial fair value. The statement also provides a fair value hierarchy


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used to classify source information used in fair value measurements that places higher importance on market based sources. New disclosures of assets and liabilities measured at fair value based on their level in the fair value hierarchy are required by this statement. SFAS No. 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. Two FASB Staff Positions on SFAS No. 157 were subsequently issued. On February 12, 2007, FSP No. 157-2 delayed the effective date of this SFAS No. 157 for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a nonrecurring basis. This FSP is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. On February 14, 2007, FSP No. 157-1 excluded SFAS No. 13 Accounting for Leases and other accounting pronouncements that address fair value measurements for purposes of lease classification or measurement under FASB No. 13. However, this scope exception does not apply to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination that are required to be measured at fair value under FASB Statement No. 141, Business Combinations or FASB No. 141R, Business Combinations. This FSP is effective upon initial adoption of SFAS No. 157. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS No. 157 on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
 
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities — Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115”. SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. Entities that elect the fair value option will report unrealized gains and losses in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The fair value option may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis, with few exceptions. SFAS 159 also establishes presentation and disclosure requirements to facilitate comparisons between companies that choose different measurement attributes for similar assets and liabilities. The requirements of SFAS No. 159 will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2008. The Company does not expect SFAS No. 159 to have a material effect on our results of operations or financial position.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised), “Business Combinations”. SFAS No. 141(R) changes the accounting for business combinations including the measurement of acquirer shares issued in consideration for a business combination, the recognition of contingent consideration, the accounting for preacquisition gain and loss contingencies, the recognition of capitalized in-process research and development, the accounting for acquisition-related restructuring cost accruals, the treatment of acquisition related transaction costs and the recognition of changes in the acquirer’s income tax valuation allowance. SFAS No. 141(R) applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008, except for certain tax adjustments for prior business combinations. Accordingly, we will adopt this statement on January 1, 2009. The Company is evaluating the effect SFAS No. 141(R) will have on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51”. SFAS No. 160 changes the accounting for noncontrolling (minority) interests in consolidated financial statements including the requirements to classify noncontrolling interests as a component of consolidated stockholders’ equity, and the elimination of “minority interest” accounting in results of operations with earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests reported as part of consolidated earnings. Additionally, SFAS 160 revises the accounting for both increases and decreases in a parent’s controlling ownership interest. SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, with early adoption prohibited. Accordingly, we will adopt this statement on January 1, 2009. The Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 160 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
 
Impact of Inflation
 
We do not consider the impact of the changes in prices due to inflation to be material in the analysis of our overall operations.
 
ITEM 7A.   QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
Market risk is the risk that we will incur investment losses or increased interest expense due to adverse changes in market rates and prices. Our market risk exposures are substantially related to our investment portfolio and the


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impact of interest rate changes on these securities. In addition, interest rate changes can impact future interest expense for debt obligations that have a variable rate of interest associated with them.
 
At December 31, 2007, our investment portfolio consisted solely of FDIC insured bank certificates of deposit and U.S. government security mutual funds. We have evaluated the impact on the fixed maturity portfolio’s fair value considering an immediate 100 basis point change in interest rates. A 100 basis point increase in interest rates would result in an approximate $17,339 decrease in fair value, whereas a 100 basis point decrease in interest rates would result in an approximate $17,714 increase in fair value. While the certificates of deposit with a cost of $1.9 million December 31, 2007 are all classified as available for sale, our practice has been to hold these certificates of deposit to their maturity dates, thus avoiding the realization of any unrealized losses associated with these investments due to recent interest rate increases.
 
At December 31, 2007, we had a mortgage note with a bank with an outstanding principal balance of $1.3 million with a variable rate based on LIBOR plus 1.75%. However, in June of 2003 we entered into a variable to fixed interest rate swap contract that effectively eliminated the interest rate risk exposure on all but $300,000 of the outstanding loan principal. Management estimates that a 100 basis point increase in interest rates would decrease our annual pre-tax earnings by $3,000 vis a vis the note.


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ITEM 8.   FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of DCP Holding Company:
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of DCP Holding Company and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007. Our audits also included the financial statement schedules included in Item 15(a)2. These consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our audits.
 
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, such financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
 
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, in 2005 the Company changed its reporting for redeemable common shares as a result of becoming a Securities and Exchange Commission registrant.
 
As discussed in Note 8, the Company adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment, on January 1, 2006 and, as discussed in Note 1, the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, on January 1, 2007.
 
/s/  Deloitte & Touche LLP
 
Cincinnati, OH
March 24, 2008


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As of December 31, 2007 and 2006
 
                 
    2007     2006  
 
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 5,517,908     $ 6,223,757  
Short-term investments at fair value, cost of $858,000 and $1,100,000 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively
    857,848       1,096,721  
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $3,499 and $37,403 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively
    587,380       406,507  
Prepaid expense, deposits, and other
    240,797       141,103  
Deferred income tax, current
    142,429       75,881  
                 
Total current assets
    7,346,362       7,943,969  
                 
INVESTMENTS
    1,109,683       796,189  
                 
PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT:
               
Land
    364,000       364,000  
Building and building improvements
    2,236,866       2,221,171  
Furniture and equipment
    1,925,481       1,885,238  
                 
Total property, plant, and equipment
    4,526,347       4,470,409  
Less accumulated depreciation
    (1,583,009 )     (1,274,733 )
                 
Total property, plant, and equipment — net
    2,943,338       3,195,676  
                 
INTANGIBLE ASSETS, Net of accumulated amortization of $51,000 and $36,000 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively
    188,532       203,880  
                 
GOODWILL
    136,355       136,355  
                 
DEFERRED INCOME TAX, NON-CURRENT
    101,375       11,355  
                 
OTHER ASSETS
    459,586       511,910  
                 
TOTAL ASSETS
  $ 12,285,231     $ 12,799,334  
                 
 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
               
Current portion of long-term obligations
  $ 343,624     $ 385,902  
Claims payable
    2,490,251       3,987,591  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    1,917,966       1,811,349  
Unearned premium revenue
    666,411       587,963  
Federal income tax payable
    137,497       19,238  
Other current liabilities
    62,644       50,753  
                 
Total current liabilities
    5,618,393       6,842,796  
                 
LONG TERM LIABILITIES:
               
Mortgage loan payable
    1,140,000       1,260,000  
Capital lease obligation
    19,253       242,877  
Deferred compensation
    416,374       127,670  
                 
Total long-term liabilities
    1,575,627       1,630,547  
                 
TOTAL LIABILITIES
    7,194,020       8,473,343  
                 
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 13)
               
                 
REDEEMABLE COMMON SHARES:
               
Class A, Redeemable Common Shares, no par value — authorized, 7,500 shares; issued and outstanding, 653 and 681 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively
    392,603       362,853  
Class B Redeemable Common Shares, no par value — authorized, 100,000 shares; issued and outstanding, 7,815 and 7,438 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively
    4,698,608       3,963,138  
                 
Total redeemable common shares
    5,091,211       4,325,991  
                 
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY — Preferred Shares; no par value — authorized, 100,000 shares; issued, none
               
                 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
  $ 12,285,231     $ 12,799,334  
                 
 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
For Each of the Three Years in the Period Ended December 31, 2007
 
                         
    2007     2006     2005  
 
PREMIUM REVENUE
  $ 59,949,897     $ 51,587,458     $ 44,857,237  
                         
EXPENSES:
                       
Healthcare services expense (including shareholder healthcare service expense of $38,941,000, $36,972,000, and $33,476,000 in 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively)
    48,152,505       42,025,929       36,249,406  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    11,149,023       9,755,183       8,016,078  
                         
Total expenses
    59,301,528       51,781,112       44,265,484  
                         
OPERATING (LOSS) INCOME
    648,369       (193,654 )     591,753  
                         
NON-OPERATING INCOME (EXPENSE):
                       
Investment income
    269,343       198,380       104,214  
Other income
    94,012       305,437       221,339  
Interest expense
    (94,652 )     (121,200 )     (129,373 )
                         
Net non-operating income
    268,703       382,617       196,180  
                         
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX
    917,072       188,963       787,933  
                         
PROVISION (BENEFIT) FOR INCOME TAX:
                       
Current
    456,244       139,190       329,028  
Deferred
    (143,657 )     (53,168 )     (8,197 )
                         
Total
    312,587       86,022       320,831  
                         
NET INCOME ON REDEEMABLE COMMON SHARES
  $ 604,485     $ 102,941     $ 467,102  
                         
BASIC EARNINGS PER REDEEMABLE COMMON SHARE
  $ 72.88     $ 12.59     $ 55.14  
                         
DILUTED EARNINGS PER REDEEMABLE COMMON SHARE
  $ 72.50     $ 12.59     $ 55.14  
                         
 
Share figures reflect the effects of a 5 for 1 stock dividend effective to shareholders of record on August 31, 2005.
 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
For Each of the Three Years in the Period Ended December 31, 2007
 
                                                                 
                            Shareholders Equity  
    Redeemable Common Shares           Other
             
    Class A     Class B           Accumulated
             
    Number of
          Number of
          Retained
    Comprehensive
          Comprehensive
 
    Shares     Amount     Shares     Amount     Earnings     Income     Total     Income  
 
BALANCE — December 31, 2004
    708     $ 1,958,940       7,788     $ 1,958,940                                  
Stock split (See Note 10)
            (1,632,463 )             1,632,463                                  
Net income
                                  $ 467,102             $ 467,102     $ 467,102  
Change in fair value of interest rate swap (net of income tax of $7,949)
                                          $ 15,429       15,429       15,429  
Unrealized loss on investments (net of income tax benefit of $2,699)
                                            (5,233 )     (5,233 )     (5,233 )
                                                                 
Total comprehensive income
                                                          $ 477,298  
                                                                 
Class A Common Shares exchanged for Class B Common Shares
    (14 )     (2,242 )     14       2,242                                  
Common shares repurchased and retired
    (3 )     (1,036 )     (33 )     (11,395 )                                
Accretion of common shares to redemption value
            34,777               442,521       (467,102 )     (10,196 )     (477,298 )        
                                                                 
BALANCE — December 31, 2005
    691       357,976       7,769       4,024,771                                  
Net income
                                    102,941               102,941     $ 102,941  
Change in fair value of interest rate swap (net of income tax benefit of $2,037)
                                            (3,953 )     (3,953 )     (3,953 )
Unrealized gain on investments (net of income tax of $289)
                                            554       554       554  
                                                                 
Total comprehensive income
                                                          $ 99,542  
                                                                 
Class B Common Shares issued
                    61       35,022                                  
Class A Common Shares exchanged for Class B Common Shares
    (3 )     (1,555 )     3       1,555                                  
Common shares repurchased and retired
    (7 )     (3,436 )     (395 )     (187,884 )                                
Accretion of common shares to redemption value
            9,868               89,674       (102,941 )     3,399       (99,542 )        
                                                                 
BALANCE — December 31, 2006
    681       362,853       7,438       3,963,138                                  
Net income
                                    604,485               604,485     $ 604,485  
Change in fair value of interest rate swap (net of income tax benefit of $15,504)
                                            (30,096 )     (30,096 )     (30,096 )
Unrealized gain on investments (net of income tax of $2,591)
                                            5,030       5,030       5,030  
                                                                 
Total comprehensive income
                                                          $ 579,419  
                                                                 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (FIN 48)
                                    (5,997 )                        
Class A and B Common Shares issued
    1       603       490       265,260                                  
Class A Common Shares exchanged for Class B Common Shares
    (20 )     (10,527 )     20       10,527                                  
Common shares repurchased and retired
    (9 )     (4,644 )     (133 )     (69,421 )                                
Accretion of common shares to redemption value
            44,318               529,104       (598,488 )     25,066       (579,419 )        
                                                                 
BALANCE — December 31, 2007
    653     $ 392,603       7,815     $ 4,698,608     $       $       $            
                                                                 
 
Share figures reflect the effects of a 5 for 1 stock dividend effective to shareholders of record on August 31, 2005.
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For Each of the Three Years in the Period Ended December 31, 2007
 
                         
    2007     2006     2005  
 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
                       
Net income on redeemable common shares
  $ 604,485     $ 102,941     $ 467,102  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
    405,186       615,962       315,052  
Deferred income taxes
    (143,657 )     (53,168 )     (8,197 )
Deferred compensation
    288,704       127,670          
Effects of changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquired assets and liabilities:
                       
Accounts receivable
    (180,873 )     (97,484 )     39,568  
Prepaid expenses, deposits, and other
    (99,694 )     33,859       (74,953 )
Other assets
    (72,072 )     (254,925 )     49,802  
Claims payable
    (1,497,340 )     729,777       419,018  
Unearned premium revenue
    78,448       (131,514 )     259,978  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    100,620       410,786       625,043  
Federal income tax payable
    118,259       (85,040 )     (71,856 )
                         
Net cash (used) provided by operating activities
    (397,934 )     1,398,864       2,020,557  
                         
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
                       
Acquisition of property, plant, and equipment
    (137,497 )     (160,429 )     (78,942 )
Acquisition of business, net of acquired cash
            (25,000 )     (17,407 )
Purchases of investments
    (1,150,204 )     (1,700,000 )     (1,804,651 )
Maturities of investments
    1,162,000       1,600,000       1,600,000  
                         
Net cash used in investing activities
    (125,701 )     (285,429 )     (301,000 )
                         
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
                       
Mortgage loan repayments
    (120,000 )     (120,000 )     (120,000 )
Repayment of capital lease
    (210,486 )     (198,120 )     (171,368 )
Repayments of note
    (55,417 )     (95,000 )     (91,568 )
Repurchase of redeemable common shares
    (62,174 )     (140,567 )     (12,431 )
Issuance of redeemable common shares
    265,863       35,022          
                         
Net cash used in financing activities
    (182,214 )     (518,665 )     (395,367 )
                         
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH
    (705,849 )     594,770       1,324,190  
CASH — Beginning of period
    6,223,757       5,628,987       4,304,797  
                         
CASH — End of period
  $ 5,517,908     $ 6,223,757     $ 5,628,987  
                         
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
                       
Cash paid for interest
    95,000       121,000       129,000  
Cash paid for income taxes
    335,000       218,000       375,000  
Redeemed common shares in other current liabilities
    62,644       50,753          
Capital lease obligation
                    602,000  
 
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As of December 31, 2007 and 2006 and for Each of the Three Years in the Period
Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005
 
1.   GENERAL INFORMATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
DCP Holding Company (the “Company”) is the parent holding company of three wholly-owned subsidiaries which include Dental Care Plus, Inc., or Dental Care Plus, an Ohio corporation, Insurance Associates Plus, Inc., or Insurance Associates, an Ohio corporation, and Adenta, Inc., or Adenta, a Kentucky corporation. The Company is owned and controlled primarily by 653 dentists who participate in our Dental Care Plus plans. The Company offers to employer groups of all sizes health maintenance organization (“HMO”), participating provider organization (“PPO”) and indemnity plans for dental care services. As of December 31, 2007, the Company had approximately 238,100 members in its dental benefits programs with 1,972 dentists participating in its two provider networks in Southwestern Ohio, Northern Kentucky, Central Kentucky and Southeastern Indiana. In addition, the Company had approximately 6,900 members in its vision benefit programs. The Company markets its products through a network of independent brokers.
 
The Company’s products consist primarily of dental HMO, PPO and indemnity plans, with dental HMO products constituting 97% of its total revenues. All of the Company’s products are marketed to employer groups. The Company’s business model allows it to offer dental benefit products including broad networks of participating dentists while at the same time promoting the use of private practice fee-for-service dentistry, a primary interest of the Company’s participating dentists. The dental benefit products the Company offers currently vary depending on geographic market.
 
On December 18, 2006, the Ohio Department of Insurance approved Dental Care Plus, Inc.’s application for a life and health insurance license. As an Ohio-domiciled insurance company dually licensed as a life and health insurer and a specialty health insuring corporation, Dental Care Plus is now able to underwrite dental indemnity, dental PPO, dental HMO, and vision benefit products as well as other life and health oriented products in Ohio. As of October 1, 2007, the Company transitioned the majority of its employer groups with dental indemnity products underwritten by a third party insurance carrier to dental indemnity products underwritten by Dental Care Plus.
 
The accounting policies of the Company conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The accompanying financial statements include estimates for items such as claims payable, income taxes and various other liability accounts. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Policies that affect the more significant elements of the financial statements are summarized below.
 
Basis of Presentation — The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and subsidiaries, each of which is wholly-owned, and have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. All significant intercompany accounts and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents — The Company defines cash as cash held in operating accounts at financial institutions. The Company considers highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition as cash equivalents in the accompanying financial statements.
 
Investments — The Company places its investments primarily in certificates of deposit. The Company classified all investments as available-for-sale. Such investments are recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded as a component of other comprehensive income. The Company recognizes gains and losses when these securities mature or are sold using the specific identification method.
 
Property, Plant, and Equipment — Property, plant, and equipment is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
assets. The building and the building improvements have useful lives of 27 years and 15 years, respectively. Furniture and fixtures have a useful life of 5 years, and computer equipment and software have useful lives of up to 3 years. Maintenance and repair cost are expensed as incurred.
 
The Company reviews property, plant, and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances, such as significant decreases in market values of assets, changes in legal factors or in the business climate, and accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected to acquire or construct an asset, or other such factors indicated that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
 
State Guarantee Fund Deposits — The Company maintains funds on deposit with state insurance departments in those states where the Company is licensed to do business. These non-current funds amounted to approximately $277,000 and $357,000 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. These funds are restricted and not available to the Company for normal operations and are included in other non-current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
 
Goodwill and Intangible Assets — Goodwill arises in business combinations when the purchase price of assets acquired exceeds the appraised value. As with tangible and other intangible assets, periodic impairment reviews are required, at least annually, as well as when events or circumstances change. Management uses judgment in assessing goodwill for impairment. We review the recorded value of our goodwill annually, or sooner if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may exceed fair value. The review for impairment requires management to predict the estimated cash flows that will be generated by the long-lived asset over its remaining estimated useful life. Considerable judgment must be exercised in determining future cash flows and their timing and, possibly, choosing business value comparables or selecting discount rates to be used in any value computations.
 
Business acquisitions often result in recording intangible assets. Intangible assets are recognized at the time of an acquisition, based upon their fair value. Similar to long-lived tangible assets, intangible assets are subject to amortization and periodic impairment reviews whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. As with tangible assets, considerable judgment must be exercised.
 
Policy Acquisition Cost — Policy acquisition costs, which consist of commissions and other costs incurred in connection with acquiring new business, are charged to selling, general and administrative expenses as incurred under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for providers of prepaid healthcare services.
 
Redeemable Common Shares — The Company’s Class A and Class B redeemable common shares are owned by participating providers and Company directors. Only participating providers in the original eight county area are eligible to own Class A voting redeemable common shares (See Note 10). All participating providers, Company directors and Company employees are eligible to own the Class B non-voting redeemable common shares. As of December 31, 2005 to comply with the requirements of EITF D-98, the Company changed its reporting related to its redeemable common shares as a result of becoming a Securities and Exchange Commission registrant. The Company’s Class A and Class B common shares are now considered to be redeemable common shares due to the fact that the shareholders have the option to require the Company to repurchase these shares upon their death, permanent disability or retirement. The Company now records Class A and Class B common shares as Redeemable Common Shares in the consolidated balance sheets outside of shareholders’ equity at the redemption value of the common shares. Accordingly, the Company records any net income (loss) or other comprehensive income (loss) that formerly was recorded as a change to retained earnings as a change to the redemption value of the Redeemable Common Shares to accrete the carrying value of the Redeemable Common Shares to the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Under this method, the end of the reporting period is treated as if it were also the redemption date for the security.


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
Premium Revenue —
 
Fully-Insured — Membership contracts are written on an annual basis and subject to cancellation by the employer group or the Company upon thirty days written notice. Management has determined that as of December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively, no cancellation reserve is required. Premiums are due monthly in advance and are recognized evenly as revenue during the period in which the Company is obligated to provide services to members. Any premiums received prior to the beginning of a reporting period are recognized as unearned premium revenue. Any amounts not received by the end of a reporting period are recorded as accounts receivable by the Company.
 
Self-Insured — The Company provides access to its provider network for an administrative fee, generally to “self-insured” groups. During the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, the Company provided service to approximately 84,000, 62,000, and 46,000 self-insured participants and provided approximately 927,000, 669,000, and 518,000, respectively, of self insurance participant months of coverage. Self-insured premium revenue is based on the claims incurred by self-insured members in accordance with agreements with self-insured employers. The Company has no underwriting risk arising from the provision or cost of any services provided to the self-insured groups. Consistent with provisions of EITF 99-19, “Recording Revenue Gross as a Principal Versus Net as an Agent,” the Company recognizes and records self-insured premium on a gross basis because: (i) the Company is the primary obligor in the contractual relationship, (ii) the Company establishes the pricing for the services provided, (iii) the Company controls the relationship with the dental service providers, and (iv) the Company has credit risk in these contractual relationships. Self-insured premium revenue is recorded when the self-insured claims are incurred. Amounts withheld on claims processed for self-insured contracts and under third-party administration arrangements amounted to approximately $1,880,000, $1,199,000, and $952,000 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and is included in premium revenue in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
 
ASO Fees — Third party administration fee revenue (“ASO fees”) is recognized monthly when earned and is normally based on annual contracts with the self-insured groups. ASO fees are charged to self-insured employer groups monthly on a per subscriber per month basis. ASO fees also include the administrative fees the Company earns relative to the dental PPO and vision products that are underwritten by third party insurance carriers.
 
Healthcare Service Expense — The Company compensates its providers based on agreed-upon fees for various services. With respect to the Dental HMO product, the Company retains 10% of these fees (including payments on self-insured claims) in accordance with the Company’s provider agreement. Under the terms of the Company’s provider agreement, the Company is not obligated to return to providers any withheld amounts. Amounts withheld are a reduction of healthcare service expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Withheld amounts are retained by the Company but not reserved or retained in a separate fund. Participating providers have no interest in the amounts withheld unless the Company’s Board of Directors authorizes any amount to be paid to the providers.
 
The cost of healthcare services provided to members is accrued in the period such services are provided based on the accumulation of estimates of claims reported prior to the end of a reporting period and of estimates of dental services provided but not reported to the Company, net of the amounts withheld in accordance with the provider agreement.
 
Management’s estimates of dental services provided are based on the Company’s historical experience and current trends, with assistance from the Company’s consulting actuary. Estimated dental claims payable are reviewed regularly by management and are adjusted based on current information, such as actual paid claims data, dental utilization statistics and other pertinent information. However, final claim payments may differ from the established reserves. Any resulting adjustments are reflected in current operations.


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
The Company incurred claim costs related to dental care providers amounting to approximately $48,153,000, $42,026,000, and $36,249,000 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively. These costs include approximately $38,941,000, $36,972,000, and $33,476,000 of claims incurred by participating providers who are also holders of redeemable common shares in 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively. These incurred claim costs also include provider withhold return expense of $650,000, $900,000, and $610,000 in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
 
In December of each year the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) evaluates the performance of the dental HMO plan, capital and surplus requirements prescribed by the Ohio Department of Insurance, factors impacting its financial strength rating, funding needed to support strategic objectives for the coming years and any other factors deemed relevant by the Board and, based on that evaluation, determines whether or not to return the payment to the providers of any portion of the provider withhold. Once authorized by the Board, such amounts are recorded as additional healthcare services expense in the period authorized and shown as additional claims payable liability until paid.
 
Reinsurance — In the normal course of business, the Company cedes portions of its written premium revenue. As such, the Company limits its loss exposure to that portion of the insurable risk that it retains. However, if a reinsurer fails to honor its obligations, the Company could suffer additional losses as the reinsurance contracts do not relieve the Company of its obligations to policyholders. Dental insurance premiums ceded were approximately $228,000 and $13,000 for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The healthcare services expense ceded was approximately $189,000 and $10,000 for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. As of December 31, 2007 the Company has approximately $26,500 of reinsurance recoverable and prepaid reinsurance premium net of reinsurance payable, which is included in accounts receivable.
 
Derivative Instruments — All derivative financial instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated as fair value hedges are recognized in earnings as offsets to the changes in fair values of the exposures being hedged. The changes in fair value of derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, as a component of the consolidated balance sheet, with subsequent reclassification to earnings when the hedged transaction asset or liability impacts earnings. Any ineffectiveness is recognized in earnings immediately.
 
Non-Operating Income — Investment income of approximately $269,000, $198,000, and $104,000 during 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively, is comprised of approximately $175,000, $73,000, and $42,000 of interest income earned from cash in operating accounts in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and approximately $94,000, $125,000, and $62,000 of investment income earned from short-term and long-term investments in 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.
 
Other income is comprised primarily of rental income from the rental of space in the building owned and partially occupied by the Company (See Note 14) as well as revenues earned from the leasing of the Company’s dental provider network to other dental benefit providers.
 
Federal Income Tax — Deferred federal income tax is provided in the accompanying financial statements for the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying values and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Differences result primarily from items such as loss reserve discounting, unrealized gains or losses on invested assets and partial recognition of the unearned premiums.
 
The Company continually reviews the deferred tax assets to determine the necessity of a valuation allowance. The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return which includes all subsidiaries.
 
Effective January 1, 2007 the Company adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48 (“FIN 48”), “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”. FIN 48 is an interpretation of SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”. This Interpretation clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109. This Interpretation prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
taken in a tax return. This Interpretation also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition.
 
Earnings Per Share — Basic and diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income on redeemable common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period.
 
Concentrations of Credit Risk — Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of premiums receivable. Other than as discussed below, concentrations of credit risk with respect to premiums receivable are limited because of the large number of employee groups comprising the Company’s client base and contracts are cancelled if premiums are not paid within 90 days.
 
During 2007, 2006, and 2005, four customers accounted for approximately 22%, 27%, and 21%, respectively, of the Company’s fully-insured premiums revenue. Additionally, two customers accounted for approximately 50%, 65%, and 69% of the Company’s net self-insured administration and claims revenue at December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.
 
At December 31, 2007 and 2006, premiums receivable from one customer totaled approximately 21% and 8%, respectively, of the premiums receivable balance.
 
The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts, which at times exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. The Company believes it is not exposed to any significant risks with respect to its cash.
 
Fair Value of Financial Instruments — The Company bases the fair value for the investments available-for-sale and the fair value of the interest rate swap on quoted market prices. The Company estimates the fair value of the mortgage obligation using a discounted cash flow calculation. The Company believes the fair value of the capital lease obligation approximates the present value of minimum lease payments at December 31, 2007 and 2006.
 
New Accounting Standards — In September 2006, SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, was issued. This statement provides a new definition of fair value that serves to replace and unify old fair value definitions so that consistency on the definition is achieved, and the definition provided acts as a modification of the current accounting presumption that a transaction price of an asset or liability equals its initial fair value. The statement also provides a fair value hierarchy used to classify source information used in fair value measurements that places higher importance on market based sources. New disclosures of assets and liabilities measured at fair value based on their level in the fair value hierarchy are required by this statement. SFAS No. 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. Two FASB Staff Positions on SFAS No. 157 were subsequently issued. On February 12, 2007, FSP No. 157-2 delayed the effective date of this SFAS No. 157 for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a nonrecurring basis. This FSP is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. On February 14, 2007, FSP No. 157-1 excluded FASB No. 13 Accounting for Leases and other accounting pronouncements that address fair value measurements for purposes of lease classification or measurement under SFAS No. 13. However, this scope exception does not apply to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination that are required to be measured at fair value under FASB Statement No. 141, Business Combinations or FASB No. 141R, Business Combinations. This FSP is effective upon initial adoption of SFAS No. 157. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS No. 157 on its consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
 
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities — Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115”. SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. Entities that elect the fair value option will report unrealized gains and losses in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. The fair value option may be elected on an instrument-by-instrument basis, with few exceptions. SFAS No. 159 also establishes presentation and disclosure requirements to facilitate comparisons between companies that choose different measurement attributes


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
for similar assets and liabilities. The requirements of SFAS No. 159 will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2008. The Company does not expect SFAS No. 159 to have a material effect on our results of operations or financial position.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised), “Business Combinations”. SFAS No. 141(R) changes the accounting for business combinations including the measurement of acquirer shares issued in consideration for a business combination, the recognition of contingent consideration, the accounting for preacquisition gain and loss contingencies, the recognition of capitalized in-process research and development, the accounting for acquisition-related restructuring cost accruals, the treatment of acquisition related transaction costs and the recognition of changes in the acquirer’s income tax valuation allowance. SFAS No. 141(R) applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008, except for certain tax adjustments for prior business combinations. Accordingly, we will adopt this statement on January 1, 2009. The Company is evaluating the effect SFAS No. 141(R) will have on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51”. SFAS No. 160 changes the accounting for noncontrolling (minority) interests in consolidated financial statements including the requirements to classify noncontrolling interests as a component of consolidated stockholders’ equity, and the elimination of “minority interest” accounting in results of operations with earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests reported as part of consolidated earnings. Additionally, SFAS 160 revises the accounting for both increases and decreases in a parent’s controlling ownership interest. SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, with early adoption prohibited. Accordingly, we will adopt this statement on January 1, 2009. The Company does not expect the adoption of SFAS No. 160 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
 
2.   ACQUISITION
 
On June 2, 2005 the Company acquired Adenta, Inc. pursuant to a merger. The Company paid cash consideration of $250,000, assumed interest bearing debt of $241,985, and incurred transaction costs of $47,361, resulting in a total preliminary purchase price of $539,346. The Company deposited $50,000 of the $250,000 of cash consideration into an escrow account pending the results of the net asset valuation analysis prescribed in the escrow agreement completed in May of 2006.


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
After completing the required net asset valuation analysis in May of 2006, the Company and the representatives of the former Adenta shareholders negotiated an agreement whereby the former Adenta shareholders were paid the $50,000 held in escrow plus additional cash consideration of $25,000. Under the terms of the negotiated agreement, the Company is no longer obligated to pay the former Adenta shareholders any portion of its tax savings resulting from the use of certain tax loss carry forwards. With the completion of the final purchase price allocation in June of 2006, the goodwill was determined to be $136,355. The following table summarizes the preliminary and final purchase price allocation.
 
                         
    Preliminary     Adjustments     Final  
 
Cash consideration
  $ 250,000     $ 25,000     $ 275,000  
Interest bearing debt assumed
    241,985       3,666       245,651  
Transaction costs
    47,361               47,361  
                         
Total purchase price
  $ 539,346     $ 28,666     $ 568,012  
                         
Current assets (includes cash of $279,954)
  $ 354,516     $ (28,307 )   $ 326,209  
Fixed assets
    4,336               4,336  
Other assets
    59,320               59,320  
Intangible assets
    450,000               450,000  
Goodwill
    66,990       69,365       136,355  
Current liabilities assumed
    (358,659 )     (30,600 )     (389,259 )
Deferred tax liability
    (37,157 )     18,208       (18,949 )
                         
Net assets acquired
  $ 539,346     $ 28,666     $ 568,012  
                         
 
With the acquisition of Adenta, the Company obtained a network lease agreement with Humana Dental, approximately 10,000 dental members and a provider network consisting of approximately 500 dentists in Kentucky. Of the $450,000 allocated to intangible assets, $210,000 was allocated to the Humana Dental network lease contract with a 3-year useful life, $130,000 was allocated to Adenta memberships with a 12-year useful life, and $110,000 was allocated to the Adenta provider network with a 20-year useful life. The results of operations of Adenta are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since June 2, 2005.
 
3.   INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 
Intangibles assets amounting to approximately $568,000 were recorded as a result of the acquisition of Adenta, Inc. (See Note 2), such intangibles were related to an acquired contract, memberships, a provider network and goodwill. Identifiable and amortizable intangible assets amounted to $450,000. Amortization expense for 2007, 2006 and 2005 was approximately $15,000, $196,000, and $50,000 respectively. The provider access contract and the provider network intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis with amortization periods of 3 years and 20 years, respectively. The membership intangible asset is being amortized with an accelerated amortization in the first year and then on a straight-line basis for the remaining 11 years of its 12 year useful life in accordance with the Company’s expectation for the membership retention. The weighted-average amortization period for these intangible assets is approximately 9 years.
 
On July 25, 2006, Humana Dental provided the Company with written notice of termination of the network lease agreement effective October 23, 2006. Accordingly the Company recorded an impairment charge of approximately $128,000 (included in amortization expense) to eliminate the remaining balance associated with the Humana Dental network lease agreement intangible asset in July of 2006. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company recorded amortization expense of approximately $196,000 related to these identifiable intangible assets. The results of operations of Adenta are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since June 2, 2005. The Company estimates amortization expense on remaining identifiable intangible assets will be approximately $15,000 in each of the fiscal years 2007-2011.


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
4.   INVESTMENTS
 
The Company owned FDIC insured certificates of deposit with a cost of $1,967,000 and $1,900,000 as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Each certificate of deposit is invested with a separate FDIC-insured financial institution. As of December 31, 2007, twelve certificates of deposit with a cost of $1,109,000 and a fair value of $1,109,139 have maturities of between 12 and 24 months. As of December 31, 2006, eight certificates of deposit with a cost of $800,000 and a fair value of $796,189 had maturities of between 12 and 15 months. These short-term and long-term investments are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value, which is based on quoted market prices. The unrealized losses on investment activity are due to a decrease in the quoted market prices for these certificates of deposit caused by an increase in prevailing interest rates since they were purchased.
 
Investments classified at December 31, 2007 and 2006, as short term and long term assets were as follows:
 
                                 
          Gross
    Gross
       
    Amortized
    Unrealized
    Unrealized
    Fair
 
    Cost     Gain     Loss     Value  
 
2007
                               
Certificates of deposit — short term
  $ 858,000     $ 39     $ 191     $ 857,848  
Certificates of deposit — long term
    1,109,000       1,078       939       1,109,139  
Other-long term
            544               544  
                                 
Total investments
  $ 1,967,000     $ 1,661     $ 1,130     $ 1,967,531  
                                 
 
                                 
          Gross
    Gross
       
    Amortized
    Unrealized
    Unrealized
    Fair
 
    Cost     Gain     Loss     Value  
 
2006
                               
Certificates of deposit — short term
  $ 1,100,000     $           $ 3,279     $ 1,096,721  
Certificates of deposit — long term
    800,000               3,811       796,189  
                                 
Total investments
  $ 1,900,000     $       $ 7,090     $ 1,892,910  
                                 
 
5.   LIABILITY FOR CLAIMS PAYABLE
 
Activity in the liability for claims payable for members is summarized as follows:
 
                 
    2007     2006  
 
Balance — January 1
  $ 3,987,591     $ 3,257,815  
                 
Net incurred related to:
               
Current year
    31,623,756       30,601,329  
Prior years
    (363,791 )     (130,701 )
                 
Net incurred claims
    31,259,965       30,470,628  
                 
Net paid related to:
               
Current year
    29,133,504       26,617,014  
Prior years
    3,623,801       3,123,838  
                 
Net paid claims
    32,757,305       29,740,852  
                 
Balance — December 31
  $ 2,490,251     $ 3,987,591  
                 


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
6.   FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
 
The components of the provision for income taxes are summarized as follows as of December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively:
 
                         
    2007     2006     2005  
 
Current tax expense:
                       
Federal
  $ 447,502     $ 132,960     $ 303,143  
State and local
    8,742       6,230       25,885  
                         
Total current tax expense
    456,244       139,190       329,028  
                         
Deferred tax expense:
                       
Federal
    (141,193 )     (57,455 )     (3,882 )
State and local
    (2,464 )     4,287       (4,315 )
                         
Total deferred tax expense
    (143,657 )     (53,168 )     (8,197 )
                         
Total provision for income taxes
  $ 312,587     $ 86,022     $ 320,831  
                         
 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are comprised of the following:
 
                 
    2007     2006  
 
Deferred tax assets:
               
Unearned premiums
  $ 44,723     $ 39,981  
Net operating loss
    82,477       98,796  
Claims payable
    16,163       20,315  
Accrued vacation
    31,769       35,148  
Accrued commissions
    75,894          
Deferred compensation
    141,566       43,407  
Accrued professional fees
    7,607       10,823  
Other, net
    12,202       20,369  
                 
Gross deferred tax assets
    412,401       268,839  
                 
Deferred tax liabilities:
               
Unrealized gain
    9,179       22,276  
Prepaid insurance
    37,681       39,612  
Accelerated depreciation
    57,636       50,396  
Identifiable intangible assets
    64,101       69,319  
                 
Gross deferred tax liabilities
    168,597       181,603  
                 
Net deferred tax asset
  $ 243,804     $ 87,236  
                 
Balance sheet classification
               
Net current deferred tax asset
  $ 142,429     $ 75,881  
Net long-term deferred asset
    101,375       11,355  
                 
Net deferred tax asset
  $ 243,804     $ 87,236  
                 
 
Management believes it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will reduce future income tax payments. Significant factors considered by management in its determination of the probability of the realization of the


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
deferred tax benefits include the historical operating results and the expectations of future earnings. The Company’s effective tax rate was different from the U.S statutory rate due to the following:
 
                                                 
                      2007
    2006
    2005
 
                      Effective Tax
    Effective Tax
    Effective Tax
 
    2007     2006     2005     Rate     Rate     Rate  
 
Provision computed at statutory rate
  $ 311,804     $ 64,247     $ 267,897       34.0 %     34.0 %     34.0 %
Reorganization cost
            10,414       52,230               5.5       6.6  
State and local taxes
    3,007       6,557       12,769       0.3       3.5       1.6  
FIN 48, release
    (5,757 )                     (0.6 )                
Other — net
    3,533       4,804       (12,065 )     0.4       2.5       (1.5 )
                                                 
Provision for income taxes
  $ 312,587     $ 86,022     $ 320,831       34.1 %     45.5 %     40.7 %
                                                 
 
The Company had $242,579, $291,000 and $316,881 of net operating loss carry forwards to utilize in future years at December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. These losses will expire between 2010 and 2024.
 
7.   ACCOUNTING FOR UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS
 
In connection with the adoption of FIN 48, the Company recorded a cumulative effect adjustment of a change in accounting principle as prescribed by FIN 48 which reduced retained earnings approximately $6,000. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits from uncertain tax positions at January 1, 2007 was $4,300. The Company has accrued approximately $1,700 in interest and penalties as of January 1, 2007. The total amount of FIN 48 liability recorded at January 1, 2007 of $6,000 is included as a current liability in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities in the accompanying balance sheet. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
 
         
Balance at January 1, 2007
  $ 6,000  
Additions based on tax positions related to current year
     
Additions for tax positions of prior years
     
Reductions for tax positions of prior years
    (5,760 )
Settlements, including interest and penalties
    (240 )
         
Balance at December 31, 2007
  $  
         
 
For the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company reduced its remaining FIN 48 liability of $5,760, as they settled all outstanding state income tax issues associated with the original recorded amount.
 
The Company is primarily subject to US federal and various US state and local tax authorities. Tax years subsequent to 2004 remain open to examination by the Internal Revenue Service, and 2003 remain open to other state and local a tax authorities. As of December 31, 2007, there are no U.S. federal or state returns under examination.
 
8.   DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN
 
Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS 123R, which replaced SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” (“SFAS 123”) and supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (“APB 25”). SFAS 123R requires the Company to record compensation costs relating to share-based payment transactions in its financial statements. Under the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123R, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the liability awards and is recognized as expense ratably over the vesting periods. The fair value of the liability awards are


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
remeasured at the end of each reporting period through the remaining vesting period with the change in fair value of the liability recognized currently.
 
In accordance with the 2006 Dental Care Plus Management Equity Incentive Plan and the Dental Care Plus, Inc. and DCP Holding Company Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Plans”), Company directors and certain key employees elected to defer portions of their director fees and employee compensation, as applicable. The Company recorded deferred compensation expense of approximately $90,000 and $73,000 related to deferred director fees and employee compensation for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The Plans also provide for the directors and key employees to elect to receive awards based on the book value of the redeemable common shares and to defer receiving such amounts until termination of board membership or employment and vesting requirements are met. Under the terms of these plans, these deferred amounts will be paid in cash. An individual director’s award will vest 100% at the end of each year if the director meets the board meeting attendance requirements. The key employee awards will vest 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% at the end of each respective year in a four-year period following the grant date. The Company considered SFAS 123(R) in evaluating the accounting treatment for our deferred compensation plan and recorded deferred compensation expense of approximately $183,000 and $54,000 related to deferred share awards for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. No deferred compensation expense was recognized in 2005 related to deferred share awards.
 
9.   EARNINGS PER REDEEMABLE COMMON SHARE
 
Detail supporting the computation of basic and diluted earnings per redeemable common share was as follows for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005:
 
                         
    2007     2006     2005  
 
Net income available for redeemable common shareholders
  $ 604,485     $ 102,941     $ 467,102  
                         
Weighted average outstanding redeemable common shares used to compute basic earnings per redeemable common share
    8,294       8,175       8,471  
                         
Basic earnings per redeemable common share
  $ 72.88     $ 12.59     $ 55.14  
                         
Weighted average outstanding redeemable common shares used to compute diluted earnings per redeemable common share
    8,338       8,175       8,471  
                         
Diluted earnings per redeemable common share
  $ 72.50     $ 12.59     $ 55.14  
                         
 
The weighted average outstanding redeemable common shares used to compute basic earnings per redeemable common share have been adjusted for the stock split that occurred effective August 31, 2005. As of December 31, 2007, there were 44 restricted share awards granted that have a dilutive effect on the Company’s earnings per share. As of December 31, 2006 and 2005, no restricted share awards had been granted that would have a dilutive effect on the Company’s basic earnings per share.
 
10.   REDEEMABLE COMMON SHARES, SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND DIVIDEND RESTRICTIONS
 
The outstanding redeemable common shares in 2007, 2006, and 2005 have been adjusted for the stock split that occurred effective August 31, 2005.
 
Providers in the original eight county area have the option to purchase one share of voting Class A Redeemable Common Shares of the Company. The area we refer to as our original eight county service area includes: Butler, Clermont, Hamilton and Warren counties in Ohio, and Boone, Campbell, Kenton and Pendleton counties in Kentucky. All participating providers along with Company directors and employees have the option to purchase one or more non-voting Class B Redeemable Common Shares of Company. Accordingly, prospective shareholders may make a subscription payment per share equal to the book value of a common share, which was $601 and $532 at


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The Company’s Board of Directors review each common share subscriber, and once approved, the common share is issued.
 
The Company has authorized 100,000 preferred shares, without par value. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, no preferred shares were issued or are outstanding. The preferred shares do not have voting rights except to the extent required by law or designated by the Board of Directors.
 
On August 10, 2005, the Company’s Board of Directors approved and declared a stock dividend of five Class B Redeemable Common Shares for each Class A Redeemable Common Shares and five Class B Redeemable Common Shares for each Class B Redeemable Common Share outstanding as of August 31, 2005. There were 653 and 681 Class A Redeemable Common Shares, 7,815 and 7,438 Class B Redeemable Common Shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
 
Dividends restrictions vary among the subsidiaries. Dental Care Plus is restricted by regulatory requirements of the domiciliary state, which limit by reference to statutory net income and net worth the dividends that can be paid without prior regulatory approval. Dividends paid by Dental Care Plus cannot, without prior approval of the Department, exceed in any one year the lesser of: (i) 10% of net worth (as of the preceding December 31), or (ii) net income for the prior year, and only if net worth exceeds $250,000 and only out of positive retained earnings. Under these restrictions, the total dividends that may be paid by Dental Care Plus in 2008 without prior regulatory approval are approximately $467,000. There were no dividends declared or paid by any subsidiaries during 2007 or 2006. Dental Care Plus paid a dividend of $250,000 in 2005.
 
Generally accepted accounting principles differ in certain respects from the accounting practices prescribed or permitted by state insurance regulatory authorities (“statutory-basis”). The statutory-basis net income of Dental Care Plus was approximately $494,000, $175,000, and $311,000 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively. Statutory-basis net worth was approximately $4,670,000 and $4,171,000 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
 
11.   LONG TERM DEBT
 
In 2003, the Company purchased land and an office building and in connection therewith, the Company executed a mortgage note, secured by the land and the office building, with a bank in the amount of $1,800,000. Interest is payable based on the 30-day LIBOR rate plus 175 basis points and was 6.07% and 7.07% at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. At the maturity date of the mortgage note in 2013, the expected outstanding balance of the note must be repaid, amounting to $600,000.
 
The Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement (Note 12) that effectively changed the interest rate related to $1,500,000 of the Company’s $1,800,000 mortgage note with Fifth Third Bank from a variable rate based on the 30-day LIBOR rate plus 175 basis points to a fixed rate of approximately 4.95% for the 10-year period through June 12, 2013. The Company’s effective interest expense was 5.22%, 5.41% and 5.18% at December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
 
At December 31, 2007, the fair value of the mortgage note is approximately $1,226,000.


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
Required principal repayments under the mortgage loan payable are as follows:
 
         
2008
  $ 120,000  
2009
    120,000  
2010
    120,000  
2011
    120,000  
2012
    120,000  
Thereafter
    660,000  
         
Total
    1,260,000  
Less current portion
    (120,000 )
         
Total long-term mortgage payable
  $ 1,140,000  
         
 
In 2004, the Company entered into a Master Equipment Lease Agreement with a leasing company related to the computer hardware and software for its dental insurance administration system. The Master Equipment Lease Agreement includes a four year capital lease for computer software and implementation costs which totaled approximately $823,000. The net book value of the equipment under the capital lease is approximately $494,000 and $658,000 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
 
The fair value of the capital lease obligation approximates the present value of minimum lease payments at December 31, 2007.
 
At December 31, 2007, future required payments under the capital lease are as follows:
 
         
2008
    232,213  
2009
    19,351  
         
Total
    251,564  
Less imputed interest
    (8,687 )
         
Present value of minimum lease payments
    242,877  
         
Less current portion
    (223,624 )
         
Total long-term capital lease
  $ 19,253  
         
 
12.   FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 
In 2003, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement (“Agreement”) (cash flow hedge) with a total notional amount of $1,500,000. The Agreement is used to manage the Company’s interest rate risk. The swap agreement effectively changed the interest rate related to $1,500,000 of the Company’s $1,800,000 mortgage note with Fifth Third Bank from a variable rate based on the 30-day LIBOR rate plus 175 basis points to a fixed rate of approximately 4.95% for the 10-year period through June 12, 2013. The Company’s risk management policy is to not enter into any trading activities related to the Agreement. The Company believes that the risk of nonperformance by the other party in conjunction with this arrangement is not material to the financial statements. The fair value of this Agreement included other assets in the accompanying balance sheet was approximately $27,000 and $73,000 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The amount included in other comprehensive (loss) income related to the interest rate swap was $(30,096), ($3,953), and $15,429 (net of income tax expense (benefit) of ($15,504), ($2,037), and $7,949) during 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
13.   COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 
Leases — The Company leases certain equipment and office space under noncancellable operating leases. Rent expense under all operating leases was approximately $211,000, $210,000, and $86,000 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.
 
At December 31, 2007, future approximate minimum annual lease payments under noncancellable operating leases are as follows: 2008 — $166,000; 2009 — $159,000; 2010 — $148,000, and 2011 — $31,000.
 
Litigation — In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to various regulatory proceedings, lawsuits, claims and other matters. Such matters are subject to many uncertainties and outcomes are not predictable with assurance. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the eventual resolution of such matters for amounts above those reflected in the consolidated financial statements would not likely have a materially adverse effect on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company.
 
14.   LEASE INCOME
 
In 2004, the Company began to lease space in its building to unrelated parties under noncancellable leases. Income recorded by the Company under noncancellable leases amounted to approximately $58,000, $92,000 and $74,000 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Such amounts are recorded as other income in the accompanying financial statements. As of December 31, 2007, future minimum annual lease income under noncancellable leases are as follows:
 
         
Years Ending
     
December 31
     
 
2008
  $ 30,591  
2009
    15,008  
         
Total
  $ 45,599  
         
 
15.   RETIREMENT PLAN
 
Employees of the Company are covered by a defined contribution 401(k) plan sponsored by the Company. Discretionary contributions of a certain percentage of each employee’s contribution, which may not exceed a limit set annually by the Internal Revenue Service, are contributed by the Company each year and vest ratably over a five-year period. Company contributions, including administration fees paid by the Company amounted to approximately $50,000, $30,000, and $26,000 in 2007, 2006, and 2005, respectively.
 
16.   LINE OF CREDIT
 
On January 3, 2006, DCP Holding Company entered into an agreement with a commercial bank for a $500,000 working capital line of credit. Interest is payable based on the prime borrowing rate and was 7.25% and 7.75% at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The Company did not have any interest expense for the line of credit in 2007 and paid $158 in 2006.
 
As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, there were no amounts outstanding on the line of credit.
 
17.   SEGMENT INFORMATION
 
The Company manages its business with three segments, fully-insured dental HMO, self-insured dental HMO and Corporate, All Other. Corporate, All Other consists primarily of certain corporate activities and three additional product lines: DentaSelect PPO, DentaPremier indemnity, and Vision Care Plus. We identified our segments in accordance with the aggregation provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 131, “Disclosure about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information”. These segments are consistent with


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
information used by our Chief Executive Officer (the chief decision maker) in managing our business. The segment information aggregates products with similar economic characteristics. These characteristics include the nature of customer groups and pricing, benefits and underwriting requirements.
 
The results of the fully-insured and self-insured HMO segments are measured by gross profit. The Company does not allocate selling, general and administrative expenses, investment and other income, interest expense, goodwill, or other assets or liabilities, to these segments. These items are assigned to the remainder of our business, which we identify as Corporate, All Other. The Company combines all gross profit and applies that amount as a contribution to selling, general and administrative expenses, resulting in a consolidated income before taxes. The Company’s gross profit was approximately $11,797,000, $9,561,000 and $8,608,000 for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
 
Listed below is financial information required to be reported for each industry segment. Operating segment information is based on how it is reviewed by the Company and is as follows for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005 (amounts in 000’s):
 
                                                 
    Fiscal Year Ended
    Fiscal Year Ended
 
    December 31, 2007     December 31, 2006  
    Revenues-
    Healthcare
          Revenues-
    Healthcare
       
    External
    Services
          External
    Services
       
    Customers     Expense     Total     Customers     Expense     Total  
 
Reportable Segments:
                                               
Fully-Insured DHMO
  $ 38,496     $ 30,236     $ 8,260     $ 37,658     $ 30,178     $ 7,480  
Self-Insured DHMO
    19,768       16,916       2,852       13,485       11,808       1,677  
Corporate, All other
    1,686       1,001       685       444       40       404  
                                                 
Total
  $ 59,950     $ 48,153       11,797     $ 51,587     $ 42,026       9,561  
                                                 
Selling, general and administrative expense
                    11,149                       9,755  
Other income
                    269                       383  
                                                 
Income (Loss) before Income Tax
                  $ 917                     $ 189  
                                                 
Total Assets, Corporate
                  $ 12,285                     $ 12,799  
                                                 
 
                         
    Fiscal Year Ended
 
    December 31, 2005  
    Revenues-
    Healthcare
       
    External
    Services
       
    Customers     Expense     Total  
 
Reportable Segments:
                       
Fully-Insured DHMO
  $ 34,688     $ 27,681     $ 7,007  
Self-Insured DHMO
    10,044       8,568       1,476  
Corporate, All other
    125             125  
                         
Total
  $ 44,857     $ 36,249       8,608  
                         
Selling, general and administrative expense
                    8,016  
Other income
                    196  
                         
Income (Loss) before Income Tax
                  $ 788  
                         
Total Assets, Corporate
                  $ 12,250  
                         


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
 
Inter-segment revenues were not significant for 2007, 2006, or 2005. See Note 1 for a discussion of major customers — “Concentrations of Credit Risk”.
 
18.   RELATED PARTIES
 
All of the Company’s Class A and Class B Redeemable Common Shareholders are related parties, either as a participating provider, director or an employee of the Company.
 
The Company’s providers who are also shareholders submitted claims of approximately $38,941,000, $36,972,000, and $33,476,000 in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The Company had claims payable liability to related party providers of approximately $2,047,000 and $3,508,000 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
 
Seven of our Board members are also participating providers and as a group received approximately $151,000, $160,000, and $104,000 in directors fees for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
 
19.   QUARTERLY DATA (UNAUDITED)
 
A summary of our unaudited quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 is as follows (amounts in thousands, except for per share results):
 
                                         
    2007  
    March 31     June 30     September 30     December 31     Total  
 
Premium revenue
  $ 14,859     $ 14,554     $ 15,074     $ 15,463     $ 59,950  
Gross profit
    2,715       3,198       2,454       3,430       11,797  
Income (Loss) before income taxes
    (258 )     558       (77 )     694       917  
Net income (Loss) on redeemable common shares
    (176 )     371       (53 )     462       604  
Basic earnings (loss) per redeemable common share(a)
    (21.55 )     45.45       (6.34 )     54.83       72.88  
Dilutive earnings (loss) per redeemable common share(a)
    (21.55 )     45.22       (6.34 )     54.55       72.50  
 
                                         
    2006  
    March 31     June 30     September 30     December 31     Total  
 
Premium revenue
  $ 12,832     $ 12,330     $ 13,330     $ 13,095     $ 51,587  
Gross profit
    2,289       2,586       2,173       2,513       9,561  
Income (Loss) before income taxes
    (164 )     263       (156 )     246       189  
Net income (Loss) on redeemable common shares(a)
    (105 )     178       (117 )     147       103  
Basic and dilutive earnings (loss) per redeemable common share(a)
    (12.66 )     21.44       (14.52 )     18.31       12.59  
 
 
(a) The sum of quarterly earnings per common share may not equal the year end earnings per common share due to rounding. There were 44 restricted share awards granted in 2007 that were not included in the dilutive earnings per redeemable common share calculation in the quarterly results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and September 30, 2007 as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
 
The Company’s dental plan members have historically used their dental plan benefits according to a seasonal pattern that has caused our quarterly healthcare services expense to be highest in the first quarter, slightly below average in the second quarter, slightly above average in the third quarter and lowest in the fourth quarter.


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ITEM 9.   CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
 
None.
 
ITEM 9A.   CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Securities and Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of December 31, 2007. Based on the evaluation, the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2007.
 
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
The Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer also have concluded that in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, there were no changes in the company’s internal controls that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.
 
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). In evaluating the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, management has adopted the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as of December 31, 2007. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2007.
 
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. However, because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
This Annual Report Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s evaluation of effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting was not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit the Company to provide only this report.
 
ITEM 9B.   OTHER INFORMATION
 
None.


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PART III
 
ITEM 10.   DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.
 
Information required by this Item 10 pursuant to Item 401 of Regulation S-K regarding our directors is incorporated by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement sections and subsections entitled, “Election of Directors”, “Director Nominees”, “Audit Committee”, “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance”, “Audit Committee Report”, “Nominating Committee”, “Director Nomination Process” and “Code of Conduct”. The information required by Item 10 regarding our executive officers appears as a Supplement Item following Item 4 under Part I hereof.
 
ITEM 11.   EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
 
Information required by this Item 11 pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K is incorporated by reference to the information under the sections and subsections “Executive Compensation”, “Benefits and Compensation Committee” and “Benefits and Compensation Committee Report” contained in the Company’s Proxy Statement in connection with its Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 23, 2008.
 
ITEM 12.   SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
 
The information required by this Item 12 (other than the information by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K which is set forth below) is incorporated by reference to the information under the section “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” contained in the Company’s Proxy Statement in connection with its Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 23, 2008.
 
In December of 2005, we adopted the 2006 Dental Care Plus Management Equity Incentive Plan for our directors, Named Executive Officers and other key employees. The maximum aggregate number of restricted shares or restricted share units which may be issued under this plan are 15,000 Class B Common Shares. In 2007, the directors, Named Executive Officers and other key employees were granted 352 restricted share units.
 
                         
    Number of
          Number of
 
    Securities to be
    Weighted-Average
    Securities
 
    Issued Upon
    Exercise
    Remaining
 
    Exercise of
    Price of
    Available for
 
    Outstanding
    Outstanding
    Future Issuance
 
    Options, Warrants
    Options, Warrants
    Under Equity
 
Plan Category
  and Rights     and Rights     Compensation Plans  
 
Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders
                 
Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders
                14,487  
                         
TOTAL
                14,487  
 
ITEM 13.   CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS.
 
The information required by this Item 13 pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K is incorporated by reference to the information under the Section “Transactions with Related Persons, Promoters and Certain Control Persons” contained in the Company’s Proxy Statement in connection with its Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 23,2008.
 
ITEM 14.   PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.
 
The information required by this Item 14 pursuant to Item 9(e) of Schedule 14A relating to auditor fees is incorporated by reference to the information under the Section “Other Matters” contained in the Company’s Proxy Statement in connection with its Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 23, 2008.


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PART IV
 
ITEM 15.   EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SCHEDULES.
 
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Form 10-K.
 
         
    Page in Form 10-K
 
(1) Consolidated Financial Statements:
       
    39  
    40  
    41  
    42  
    43  
    44  
(2) Financial Statement Schedules:
       


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY (Parent Only)

Schedule I — Condensed Financial Information of Registrant
Condensed Balance Sheet Information
As of December 31, 2007 and 2006
 
                 
    2007     2006  
 
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 405,157     $ 250,180  
Accounts receivable
            5,553  
Intercompany receivables
    183,695       8,227  
Intercompany note receivable
    80,000          
Prepaid expense, deposits, and other
    175,858       108,032  
Deferred income tax, current
    13,666       71,364  
                 
Total current assets
    858,376       443,356  
                 
INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES
    5,388,048       4,790,815  
                 
DEFERRED INCOME TAX, NONCURRENT
    149,814          
                 
OTHER ASSETS
    155,818       74,600  
                 
TOTAL ASSETS
  $ 6,552,056     $ 5,308,771  
                 
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
               
Accounts payable
  $ 184,039     $ 137,345  
Accrued expenses
    706,602       634,425  
Federal income tax payable
    91,186       32,587  
Other current liabilities
    62,644       50,753  
                 
Total current liabilities
    1,044,471       855,110  
LONG TERM LIABILITIES:
               
Deferred compensation
    416,374       127,670  
                 
TOTAL LIABILITIES
    1,460,845       982,780  
                 
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
               
                 
REDEEMABLE COMMON SHARES:
               
Class A, Redeemable Common Shares, no par value — authorized, 7,500 shares; issued and outstanding, 653 and 681 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively
    392,603       362,853  
Class B Redeemable Common Shares, no par value — authorized, 100,000 shares; issued and outstanding, 7,815 and 7,438 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively
    4,698,608       3,963,138  
                 
Total redeemable common shares
    5,091,211       4,325,991  
                 
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY-
               
Preferred Shares; no par value, 100,000 shared authorized, none issued
               
                 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
  $ 6,552,056     $ 5,308,771  
                 


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY (Parent Only)

Schedule I — Condensed Financial Information of Registrant
Condensed Statements of Income Information
For the Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005
 
                         
    2007     2006     2005  
 
Management fees from Subsidiaries
  $ 7,429,027     $ 6,477,688     $ 4,937,832  
Expenses —
                       
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    7,466,226       6,533,320       4,984,214  
                         
Operating loss
    (37,199 )     (55,632 )     (46,382 )
Other, net
    19,654       (158 )     756  
                         
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAX
    (17,545 )     (55,790 )     (45,626 )
                         
PROVISION (BENEFIT) FOR INCOME TAX:
                       
Current
    98,382       4,160       67,445  
Deferred
    (92,116 )     (10,825 )     (62,587 )
                         
Total
    6,266       (6,665 )     4,858  
                         
Loss before change in undistributed income of subsidiaries
    (23,811 )     (49,125 )     (50,484 )
Change in undistributed income of subsidiaries
    628,296       152,066       517,586  
                         
NET INCOME ON REDEEMABLE COMMON SHARES
  $ 604,485     $ 102,941     $ 467,102  
                         


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY (Parent Only)

Schedule I — Condensed Financial Information of Registrant
Condensed Statements of Cash Flow Information
For the Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005
 
                         
    2007     2006     2005  
 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
                       
Net income
  $ 604,485     $ 102,941     $ 467,102  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
Increase in undistributed income of subsidiaries
    (628,296 )     (152,066 )     (517,586 )
Deferred income taxes
    (92,116 )     (10,825 )     (62,587 )
Deferred compensation
    288,704       127,670          
Effects of changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                       
Accounts receivable
    (169,915 )     45,225       (53,458 )
Accounts payable
    46,694       43,760       75,153  
Accrued expense
    72,177       (6,834 )     633,259  
Federal income tax payable
    58,599       (18,896 )     67,381  
Other, net
    (149,044 )     (80,430 )     (80,351 )
                         
Net cash provided by operating activities
    31,288       50,545       528,913  
                         
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
                       
Investment in subsidiaries
            (25,000 )     (390,621 )
Dividend received from subsidiary
                    250,000  
                         
Net cash used in investing activities
            (25,000 )     (140,621 )
                         
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
                       
Issuance of intercompany note payable
    (80,000 )                
Repayment of intercompany note payable
                    (50,000 )
Repurchase of redeemable common shares
    (62,174 )     (140,567 )     (12,431 )
Issuance of redeemable common shares
    265,863       35,022          
                         
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    123,689       (105,545 )     (62,431 )
                         
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH
    154,977       (80,000 )     325,861  
CASH — Beginning of period
    250,180       330,180       4,319  
                         
CASH — End of period
  $ 405,157     $ 250,180     $ 330,180  
                         
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
                       
Cash paid for interest
            158          
Redeemed common shares in other current liabilities
    62,644       50,753          


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SCHEDULE I — PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
1.   BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Parent company financial information has been derived from our consolidated financial statements and excludes the accounts of all operating subsidiaries. This information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements.
 
Parent company maintains its investment in all subsidiaries on the equity method.
 
2.   TRANSACTIONS WITH SUBSIDIARIES
 
Management Fee
 
Through intercompany service agreements approved, if required, by state regulatory agencies, our parent company charges a management fee for reimbursement of certain centralized services provided to its subsidiaries including information systems, disbursement, investment and cash administration, marketing, legal, finance, and executive management oversight.
 
Dividends
 
Our subsidiary, Dental Care Plus, declared dividends to the parent company of $250,000 in 2005. There were no dividends declared during 2007 or 2006.
 
3.   ACQUISITIONS
 
Refer to Note 2 of the notes to consolidated financial statements in the Form 10-K for a description of acquisitions.


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DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
For the Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005
 
                                         
    Balance at
    Charged to
    Charged to
          Balance at
 
    Beginning of
    Costs and
    Other
          End of
 
Description
  Period     Expenses     Accounts     Deductions     Period  
 
Year ended December 31, 2007:
                                       
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts Receivable
  $ 37,403     $ 13,840             $ 47,744     $ 3,499  
Year ended December 31, 2006:
                                       
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts Receivable
    83,214       10,490     $ (25,058 )(a)     31,243       37,403  
Year ended December 31, 2005:
                                       
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts Receivable
    14,071       26,922       53,365 (a)     11,144       83,214  
 
 
(a) Allowance for receivables on acquired assets from Adenta acquisition.
 
(3) Exhibits:
 
    See the List of Exhibits on the Index to Exhibits following the signature page.
 
(b) The exhibits listed on the Index to Exhibits are filed as part of or incorporated by reference into this report.


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Table of Contents

 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
DCP Holding Company
 
             
         
/s/  Robert C. Hodgkins, Jr.

Robert C. Hodgkins, Jr.
  Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting)   March 12, 2008
         
/s/  Anthony A. Cook

Anthony A. Cook
  President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)   March 12, 2008
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated.
 
             
         
/s/  Stephen T. Schuler

Stephen T. Schuler
  Chairman of the Board of Directors   March 12, 2008
         
/s/  Roger M. Higley

Roger M. Higley
  Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors   March 12, 2008
         
/s/  Fred J. Bronson

Fred J. Bronson
  Secretary   March 12, 2008
         
/s/  Fred H. Peck

Fred H. Peck
  Treasurer   March 12, 2008
         
/s/  Michael Carl

Michael Carl
  Director   March 12, 2008
         
/s/  Jack M. Cook

Jack M. Cook
  Director   March 12, 2008
         
/s/  Ross A. Geiger

Ross A. Geiger
  Director   March 12, 2008
         
/s/  David A. Kreyling

David A. Kreyling
  Director   March 12, 2008
         
/s/  James E. Kroeger

James E. Kroeger
  Director   March 12, 2008
         
/s/  Donald J. Peak

Donald J. Peak
  Director   March 12, 2008
         
/s/  Molly Meakin-Rogers

Molly Meakin-Rogers
  Director   March 12, 2008
         
/s/  Mark Zigoris

Mark Zigoris
  Director   March 12, 2008


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Table of Contents

INDEX TO EXHIBITS
 
         
Exhibit
   
Number
 
Description of Document
 
  3 .1   Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 10 registration statement filed on May 1, 2006)
  3 .2   Amended and Restated Code of Regulations. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Form 10 registration statement filed on May 1, 2006)
  10 .1   Employment Agreement between DCP Holding Company and Anthony A. Cook effective January 1, 2006. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 10 registration statement filed on May 1, 2006)
  10 .2   Dental Care Plus, Inc. and DCP Holding Company Deferred Compensation Plan, amended and restated, filed herewith
  10 .3   2006 Dental Care Plus Management Equity Incentive Plan, amended and restated, filed herewith
  10 .4   Master Equipment Lease Agreement dated October 1, 2004 between The Fifth Third Leasing Company and Dental Care Plus, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Form 10 registration statement filed on May 1, 2006)
  10 .5   Open-End Mortgage and Security Agreement dated June 12, 2003 in favor of Fifth Third Bank (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Form 10 registration statement filed on May 1, 2006)
  10 .6   Assignment of Rents and Leases dated June 12, 2003 between Dental Care Plus, Inc. and Fifth Third Bank (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Form 10 registration statement filed on May 1, 2006)
  10 .7   Form of Self-Insured Employer Group Contract (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Form 10 registration statement filed on August 11, 2006)
  10 .8   Form of Fully-Insured Employer Group Contract (Employer-Sponsored) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Form 10 registration statement filed on August 11, 2006)
  10 .9   Form of Fully-Insured Employer Group Contract (Employee-Voluntary) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Form 10 registration statement filed on August 11, 2006)
  10 .10   Summary of Director Compensation, filed herewith
  14 .1   Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers, filed herewith (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to the Company’s Form 10-K Annual Report filed on March 30, 2007)
  21 .1   List of Subsidiaries. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to the Company’s Form 10 registration statement filed on May 1, 2006)
  31 .1   Chief Executive Officer certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith.
  31 .2   Chief Financial Officer certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith.
  32 .1   Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer certifications pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith.

EX-10.2 2 l30621aexv10w2.htm EX-10.2 EX-10.2
 

Exhibit 10.2
Dental Care Plus, Inc. and DCP Holding Company
DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN
Originally Effective January 1, 2006
Amended and Restated Effective January 1, 2008

 


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
         
    Page  
ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL PROVISIONS
    1  
ARTICLE II ELIGIBILITY AND PARTICIPATION
    3  
ARTICLE III DEFERRED COMPENSATION
    4  
ARTICLE IV VESTING
    6  
ARTICLE V DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS
    6  
ARTICLE VI PLAN ADMINISTRATION
    7  
ARTICLE VII AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION
    9  
ARTICLE VIII MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
    9  

 


 

Dental Care Plus, Inc. and DCP Holding Company
DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN
     The Dental Care Plus, Inc. and DCP Holding Company Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) was established effective as of January 1, 2006, by DCP Holding Company, an Ohio corporation (the “Company”), for the benefit of Company directors and a select group of the management and highly compensated employees of the Company and its subsidiary, Dental Care Plus, Inc., (“DCP”), and of any other affiliated entities which adopt and participate in this Plan with the consent of the Company. The Plan is hereby amended and restated effective as of January 1, 2008, to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and to permit the value of Deferred Compensation Credits from Compensation deferrals under the Plan to be determined based on the change in value of Shares.
Background Information
     A. The Company adopted the Plan in order to provide its directors and certain of its highly compensated and management employees with the opportunity to defer a portion of the Compensation otherwise payable to them.
     B. The Company intends for the Plan to be an unfunded, nonqualified deferred compensation arrangement as provided under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), and to satisfy the requirements of a “top hat” plan thereunder and under Labor Reg. Sec. 2520.104-23, to the extent employees participate herein.
     C. The Plan is intended to comply with the requirements of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (“AJCA”) and Section 409A of the Code, and shall be interpreted and administered consistent therewith.
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL PROVISIONS
     1.1 Definitions. Unless the context requires otherwise, the terms defined in this Article shall have the following respective meanings:
     (a) Account. The bookkeeping account described in Section 3.6 under which deferred amounts and earnings are credited on behalf of a Participant.
     (b) Administrative Committee. An Administrative Committee of at least three (3) persons appointed by the Board to oversee the administration of the Plan. If no Administrative Committee is appointed, the Benefits and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors shall be the Administrative Committee.
     (c) Beneficiary. The person(s) entitled to receive any distribution hereunder upon the death of a Participant. The Beneficiary for benefits payable under this Plan shall be the beneficiary designated by the Participant in accordance with procedures established by the Administrative Committee as of the Participant’s date of death, or, in the absence of any such designation, the Participant’s estate.
     (d) Board. The Board of Directors of the Company or the Benefits and Compensation Committee thereof.
     (e) Change of Control. For purposes of the Plan, a Change of Control means:
(i) the acquisition by any individual, entity or group (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) or 14(d)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) (a “Person”) of beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act) of fifty percent (50%) or more of the combined voting power of the then outstanding voting securities of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (the “Outstanding Voting Securities”); provided, however, that for purposes of this Subsection (i), the following acquisitions shall not constitute a Change of Control: (I) any acquisition directly from the Company or any corporation controlled by the Company, (II) any acquisition by the Company or any corporation controlled by the Company, (III) any acquisition by any employee benefit plan (or related trust) sponsored or maintained by the

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Company or any corporation controlled by the Company or (IV) any acquisition by any corporation that is a Non-Control Acquisition (as defined in Subsection (iii) of this Section); or
(ii) individuals who, as of the beginning of any 12 consecutive month period after the establishment of this Plan, constitute the Board (the “Incumbent Directors”) cease for any reason other than death to constitute at least a majority of the Board; provided, however, that a director who was not a director at the beginning of such 12-month period shall be deemed to have satisfied such 12-month requirement (and be an Incumbent Director) if such director was elected by, or on the recommendation of or with the approval of, at least a majority of the directors who then qualified as Incumbent Directors either actually (because they were Directors at the beginning of such 12-month period) or by prior operation of this Section 1.1(e)(ii); or
(iii) the occurrence of a transaction requiring shareholder approval for the acquisition of the Company or any subsidiary by an entity other than the Company or any subsidiary of the Company, or any of their respective affiliates, through purchase of more than 40% of the total gross fair market value of its assets, by merger, or otherwise; or
(iv) approval by the shareholders of the Company of a complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company or its subsidiaries.
In all cases, the determination of whether a Change of Control has occurred will be determined in compliance with the definition of a change in control under Code Section 409A and regulations and rulings issued thereunder.
     (f) Code. The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.
     (g) Company. DCP Holding Company or any affiliate thereof or successor thereto which adopts the Plan with the consent of DCP Holding Company. Dental Care Plus, Inc. is a participating employer in the Plan.
     (h) Compensation. Amounts paid or payable by the Company to an Eligible Person for a Plan Year which are includable in income for federal tax purposes, including base salary and variable compensation in the form of commissions and/or bonuses (except as otherwise provided herein), Director’s fees of all types, and Shares or other amounts realized when restricted stock (or property) held by a Participant either becomes freely transferable or is no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the following amounts are excluded from Compensation: (i) other cash or noncash compensation, expense reimbursements or other benefits or contributions by the Company to any other employee benefit plan, and (ii) any amounts that are required to be withheld from a Participant’s wages from the Company pursuant to Code Section 3102 to satisfy the Participant’s tax obligations under Code Section 3101.
     (i) Distribution Options. Annual installment payments over a period of five (5) or ten (10) years or a single lump sum payment. The standard form of distribution (“Standard Option”) shall be installments over a period of five (5) years unless otherwise elected by a Participant in accordance with the terms of the Plan or as determined by the Company to the extent permitted by Code Section 409A and regulations thereunder.
     (j) Effective Date. January 1, 2008, as amended and restated.
     (k) Eligible Person. Any individual who is (i) a Director of the Company or DCP, or (ii) among a select group of management or highly compensated employees (within the meaning of Sections 201(2), 301(a)(3) and 401(a)(1) of ERISA), who has been designated by the Company as eligible to make Compensation deferral contributions under Article II of the Plan in accordance with eligibility criteria established from time to time by the Administrative Committee.
     (l) ERISA. The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended from time to time.
     (m) Participant. Any Eligible Person who meets the eligibility requirements for participation in the Plan as set forth in Article II and who earns benefits under the Plan.
     (n) Plan. The Dental Care Plus, Inc. and DCP Holding Company Deferred Compensation Plan, as set forth herein, and as such Plan may be amended from time to time hereafter.

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     (o) Plan Year. The fiscal year of the Plan, which is the twelve (12) consecutive month period beginning January 1 and ending December 31.
     (p) Retirement. When a Director or employee has a Separation from Service that meets the definition of to “Retire” as defined in the Company’s Code of Regulations.
     (q) Separation from Service or Separate from Service. A termination of employment occurring when an Employee ceases to be an Employee of the Employer. Whether the Employee has terminated employment is determined based on whether the facts and circumstances indicate that the Employer and Employee reasonably anticipated either that no further services would be performed after a certain date or that the level of bona fide services the Employee would perform after such date (as an Employee or independent contractor) would permanently decrease to no more than 20% of the average level of bona fide services performed over the immediately preceding 36-month period (or the full period in which the Employee provided services to the Employer if the Employee has been providing services for less than 36 months. Whether an Employee’s termination of employment is a Separation from Service will be determined in accordance with the Treasury Regulations and other guidance issued under Code Section 409A. With respect to Directors, Separation from Service occurs when the Director ceases to be a member of the Board of Directors for any reason.
     (r) Shares. The Class B common shares, without par value, of the Company.
     (s) Total Disability. Occurs when a Participant is, by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months, either unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity or receiving income replacement benefits for a period of not less than 3 months under an accident and health plan covering employees of the Participant’s employer. The Company shall determine the existence of a Total Disability in its sole discretion (but in compliance with Code Section 409A) and may require the Participant to submit to periodic medical examinations at the Participant’s expense to confirm the existence and continuation of a Total Disability.
     1.2 General Provisions. The masculine wherever used herein shall include the feminine; singular and plural forms are interchangeable. Certain terms of more limited application have been defined in the provisions to which they are principally applicable. The division of the Plan into Articles and Sections with captions is for convenience only and is not to be taken as limiting or extending the meaning of any of its provisions.
ARTICLE II
ELIGIBILITY AND PARTICIPATION
     2.1 General Eligibility Conditions. To become eligible to participate in the Plan, an individual must be an Eligible Person and must also meet the requirements of Sections 2.2 and 2.3.
     2.2 Specific Conditions for Active Participation; Deferral Elections. To participate actively in the Plan (i.e., to make deferrals hereunder), a Participant must execute or acknowledge a Compensation Deferral Agreement in accordance with procedures established by the Administrative Committee from time to time. A Participant’s Compensation Deferral Agreement shall be maintained by or on behalf of the Administrative Committee and must be executed, acknowledged or filed within thirty (30) days of first becoming eligible to participate in the Plan and, for all subsequent deferral elections after initial participation, in advance of the beginning of the calendar year during which such compensation is expected to be earned, or at such other time as may be permitted or required by regulations issued under Code Section 409A. In all cases, a Participant’s election to defer Compensation shall be made prior to the time any of the Compensation covered by such election is to be earned by such Participant. Elections to defer Compensation shall be irrevocable with respect to the Compensation to which they apply and may be amended, revoked or suspended by the Participant only effective as of the January 1st following the amendment, revocation or suspension in accordance with procedures established by the Administrative Committee, or at such other times as are permitted under Code Section 409A.
     2.3 Eligibility List; Suspension of Active Participation. The Administrative Committee shall maintain a written list of those employees who then qualify as Eligible Persons under the Plan, as determined by the Company and the Administrative Committee. Any employee not listed as an Eligible Person for a given Plan Year shall cease to have any right to defer Compensation for such Plan Year. However, any amounts credited to the Account of a Participant whose participation is suspended shall otherwise continue to be maintained under the Plan in accordance with its terms. Members of the Board of Directors of the Company and of DCP shall at all times during which they are Directors be eligible to participate in the Plan.

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     2.4 Termination of Participation. Once an Eligible Person becomes a Participant, such individual shall continue to be a Participant until such individual (i) ceases to be described as an Eligible Person and (ii) ceases to have any vested interest in the Plan (as a result of distributions made to such Participant or his Beneficiary, if applicable, or otherwise).
     2.5 Participation by Other Employers. With the consent of the Company, any corporation that is a member of the same controlled group as the Company (within the meaning of Code Section 1563(a)) may become a participating employer under the Plan by taking such action as may be necessary or desirable to put the Plan into effect with respect to such corporation. DCP is a participating employer in this Plan.
ARTICLE III
DEFERRED COMPENSATION
     3.1 Deferred Compensation Credits. Pursuant to the provisions of Article II and this Article III, a Participant and the Company may, by mutual agreement, provide for deferred and postponed payment of a percentage of the Participant’s Compensation which otherwise would be paid during the applicable Plan Year(s) for services to be rendered in such year(s) or for the deferral of specific portions of Compensation, such as Shares to be received as restricted stock granted to the Participant. Deferral elections with respect to such equity awards must be made for all Shares granted under a single award, whether or not yet vested or about to vest. All elections to defer Compensation must be made prior to the calendar year during which the Compensation is expected to be earned, or at such other time as may be specified under regulations issued under the Code. With respect to any performance based bonus compensation based on services performed over a period of at least 12 months, an election to defer such compensation must be made no later than 6 months before the end of the performance period, provided that the Participant performs services continuously from the later of the beginning of the performance period or the date the performance criteria are established through the date an election to defer such compensation is made, and provided further that in no event may an election to defer performance-based compensation be made after such compensation has become readily ascertainable. If the performance-based compensation is a specified or calculable amount, the compensation is readily ascertainable if and when the amount is first substantially certain to be paid. If the performance-based compensation is not a specified or calculable amount because, for example, the amount may vary based upon the level of performance, the compensation, or any portion of the compensation, is readily ascertainable when the amount is first both calculable and substantially certain to be paid. To qualify as performance based bonus compensation, such compensation must meet applicable requirements under regulations issued under Code Section 409A. Any election to defer Shares must be made prior to the year in which the Participant acquires a legally binding right to such Shares and at least twelve (12) months before the right to such Shares becomes vested, or at such earlier time as may be mandated under applicable federal law in order to defer the taxability of the Compensation associated with such Shares. The Company may, in its discretion, establish and change from time to time a minimum and maximum amount that may be deferred, and all elections shall be made in accordance with procedures established by the Administrative Committee. The Company will credit the deferred Compensation amount agreed to for each Plan Year to the Participant’s Account from time to time as the deferred amounts otherwise would have been earned by the Participant. All contributions under this provision to the Accounts of Participants in the Plan, as adjusted for earnings or losses (described below), are referred to as “Deferred Compensation Credits.”
     3.2 Suspension of Deferrals. Participant Deferred Compensation Credits hereunder will be automatically suspended during any unpaid leave of absence or temporary layoff. Contributions suspended in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph shall be automatically resumed, without the necessity of any action by the Participant, upon return to employment at the expiration of such suspension period.
     3.3 Record of Account. Solely for the purpose of measuring the amount of the Company’s obligations to each Participant or his beneficiaries under the Plan, the Company will maintain a separate bookkeeping record, an “Account,” for each Participant in the Plan. The Company, in its discretion, may either credit a hypothetical earnings rate to the Participant’s Account balance for the Plan Year, or may actually invest an amount equal to the amount credited to the Participant’s Account from time to time in an account or accounts in its name with investment media or companies, as determined by the Company in its discretion. If such separate investments are made, the Participant may be permitted to direct the investment of the portion of the Company’s accounts allocable to him under the Plan in the same manner he is permitted to direct the investment of his account in the tax-qualified retirement plan of the Company, if applicable, except that certain of the investment options may not be available options under this Plan unless otherwise required by law. The Participant may change the allocation of his Account among the applicable investment alternatives then available under the Plan in accordance with procedures established by the Administrative Committee from time to time. The Company is not obligated to make any particular investment options available, however, if investments are in fact made, and may, from time to time in its sole discretion, change the investment alternatives. Nothing herein shall be construed to confer on the Participant the right to continue to have any particular investment available.

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     The Company will credit the Participant’s Account with hypothetical or actual earnings or losses at least quarterly based on the earnings rate declared by the Company or the performance results of the Company’s account(s) invested pursuant to the Company’s or the Participant’s directions, and shall determine the fair market value of the Participant’s Account based on the bookkeeping record or the fair market value of the portion of the Company’s accounts representing the Participant’s Account. The determination of the earnings, losses or fair market value of the Participant’s Account may be adjusted by the Company to reflect its payroll, income or other taxes or costs associated with the Plan, as determined by the Company in its sole discretion.
     3.4 Special Rules Applicable to Shares. Subject to the provisions of this Article III, if a Participant makes a timely and effective election to defer Compensation that would have been received in the form of Shares, or, if the Compensation would have been received as cash, elects to have such deferred amounts treated hereunder as though invested in Shares, the Participant’s Account will be credited with a number of hypothetical Shares (and fractions thereof) (“Phantom Shares”) equal to the number of Shares deferred or the number of Shares (and fractions thereof) equal to the amount of cash Compensation deferred divided by the fair market value of Shares on the date such Compensation would have been paid if not deferred. Upon distribution of benefits from the Plan, the Phantom Share balance shall be converted to cash based on the fair market value of an equivalent number of Shares at that time. The determination of fair market value may be determined using an average selling price during a specified period that is within 30 days before the applicable valuation date, or if the Shares are not readily tradable on an established securities market, the fair market value of the Shares as of a valuation date means a value determined by the reasonable application of a reasonable valuation method within the meaning of Code Sec. 409A.
          If any Organic Change shall occur, then the Participant’s Phantom Shares held in his Account (if any) shall be adjusted so as to contain such shares of stock, securities or assets (including cash) as would have been issued or payable with respect to or in exchange for a like number of Shares credited thereto immediately before such Organic Change, if such Shares had been outstanding. An “Organic Change” includes the recapitalization, reorganization, reclassification, consolidation, or merger of the Company, or any sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets to another person or entity, or any other transaction which is effected in such a way that holders of Shares are entitled to receive (either directly or upon subsequent liquidation) other stock, securities, or assets with respect to or in exchange for Shares. If the assets held in the Participant’s Account immediately after such adjustment are not equity securities, then the Participant shall be permitted to re-direct the investment thereof into the other investment choices then available under this Plan.
          In the case of the Phantom Shares credited (if any) to a Participant’s Account, the earnings (or losses) credited to such Account shall consist solely of dividend equivalent credits pursuant to this paragraph. Whenever a dividend or other distribution is made with respect to Shares, then the Participant’s Account shall be credited, on the payment date for such dividend or other distribution (the “Dividend Payment Date”), with a number of additional Phantom Shares having a value, as of the Dividend Payment Date, based upon the number of Phantom Shares deemed to be held in the Participant’s Account as of the record date for such dividend or other distribution (the “Dividend Record Date”), as if such were outstanding Shares. If such dividend or other distribution is in the form of cash, the number of Phantom Shares so credited shall be a number of Phantom Shares (and fractions thereof) having a value, as of the Dividend Payment Date, equal to the amount of cash that would have been distributed with respect to the Phantom Shares deemed to be held in the Participant’s Account as of the Dividend Record Date, as if such were outstanding Shares. If such dividend or other distribution is in the form of Shares, the number of Phantom Shares so credited shall equal the number of such Shares (and fractions thereof) that would have been distributed with respect to the Phantom Shares deemed to be held in the Participant’s Account as of the Dividend Record Date, as if such were outstanding Shares. If such dividend or other distribution is in the form of property other than cash or Shares, the number of Phantom Shares so credited shall be a number of Phantom Shares (and fractions thereof) having a value, as of the Dividend Payment Date, equal to the value of the property that would have been distributed with respect to the Phantom Shares deemed to be held in the Participant’s Account as of the Dividend Record Date, as if such were outstanding Shares. The value of such property shall be its fair market value as of the Dividend Payment Date, determined by the Board based upon market trading if available and otherwise based upon such factors as the Board deems appropriate.

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ARTICLE IV
VESTING
     4.1 Vesting. A Participant always will be one hundred percent (100%) vested in amounts credited to his Account as Deferred Compensation Credits and earnings allocable thereto. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Phantom Shares are credited to a Participant’s Account due to an election to defer Shares to be received as restricted stock granted to the Participant, such Phantom Shares shall vest on the same date or dates that such Shares would have vested had no deferral election been made with respect thereto.
     4.2 Confidentiality and Non-competition Agreement. In its discretion, the Company may require any Eligible Person selected to become a Participant in the Plan to execute a Confidentiality and Non-competition Agreement with the Company and/or its affiliates in consideration of the benefits to be provided hereunder.
ARTICLE V
DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS
          5.1 Distribution Timing. A Participant shall receive payment of the amounts credited to his Account upon his Separation from Service due to Retirement, death, Total Disability or any other reason, including upon a Change of Control, unless the Participant has elected to receive some or all of his benefits commencing on a fixed date selected by the Participant at the time of enrollment in the Plan. If such a fixed date has been selected, the Participant will begin to receive the amount credited to his Account as of such date, or the portion thereof elected to be paid on such date, regardless whether or not he has had a Separation from Service as an employee or member of the Board at such date. The Participant may change the fixed date pursuant to an election made at least twelve (12) months prior to the original fixed date to a new fixed date that is at least five (5) years later than the original fixed date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Participant dies or suffers a Total Disability before the fixed date, benefits will be payable as a death or disability benefit in accordance with the provisions of this Article and the fixed date election will no longer apply. In addition, a separate payment election may be made with respect to the portion of a Participant’s Account that derives from deferred Compensation from the portion that derives from deferred restricted stock units.
          5.2 Distribution upon Separation from Service due to Retirement or Other Termination of Employment or Service as a Director. Upon a Separation from Service due to Retirement or other termination of employment or membership on the Board, the Participant shall be eligible to receive payment of the amounts credited to the Participant’s Account in the Standard Option. Alternatively, a Participant may elect another Distribution Option at the time of initial enrollment in the Plan. The Participant may change his election of a Distribution Option pursuant to an election made during the annual deferral election period prior to the beginning of each Plan Year, provided said election is made at least twelve (12) months prior to the date that payments would have otherwise begun under such option and provided that payments will also be deferred to a new commencement date that is at least five (5) years later than the original commencement date. If a Distribution Option election is made or changed and the Participant has a Separation from Service before twelve (12) months have elapsed, the distribution will be made in accordance with the Distribution Option in effect prior to the change or, if none, in accordance with the Standard Distribution Option. If an annual installment payment method is the selected Distribution Option, the amount of the annual benefit shall equal the amount necessary to fully distribute the Participant’s Account as an annual benefit payable over the installment period, consistent with the following methodology: the amount payable as the annual installment shall equal the value of the Participant’s Account as of the most recent Account valuation date, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is one (1) and the denominator of which is the number of annual installments remaining in the installment period elected by the Participant. For example, assuming the standard ten (10) year installment payment period applies, the amount distributed at each of the distribution dates would represent the value of the Participant’s Account as of the most recent valuation date preceding the actual distribution date times the following factors: Year 1 – 10% (1/10), Year 2 – 11.11% (1/9), Year 3 – 12.5% (1/8), Year 4 – 14.29% (1/7), Year 5 – 16.66% (1/6), Year 6 —20% (1/5), Year 7 — 25% (1/4), Year 8 – 33.33% (1/3), Year 9 — 50% (1/2) and Year 10 – 100% (1/1). The Participant must provide the Company advance notice of his intention to retire and receive benefits hereunder in accordance with uniform procedures established by the Administrative Committee.
     5.3 Distribution upon Death. In the event of the death of the Participant while receiving benefit payments under the Plan, the Company shall pay the Beneficiary or Beneficiaries designated by the Participant the remaining payments due under the Plan in accordance with the method of distribution in effect to the Participant at the date of death. In the event of the death of the

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Participant prior to the commencement of the distribution of benefits under the Plan, the Company shall pay such benefits to the Beneficiary or Beneficiaries designated by the Participant, beginning as soon as practicable after the Participant’s death. Such benefits shall be paid in the Standard Option unless another Distribution Option was timely elected by the Participant at least twelve (12) months prior to his death.
          5.4. Distribution in the Event of Total Disability. Upon the Participant’s Total Disability, the Participant shall be eligible to receive payment of the amounts credited to his Account in the Standard Option commencing as soon as practicable after the Administrative Committee is satisfied that the Participant has been determined to be Totally Disabled. The Participant’s Account may also be payable in one of the other Distribution Options provided such other Distribution Option was timely elected by the Participant at least twelve (12) months prior to his Total Disability.
          Total Disability shall be considered to have ended and entitlement to a disability benefit shall cease if the Participant (i) is re-employed by the Company or one of its affiliates, or (ii) engages in any substantial gainful activity, except for such employment as is found by the Company in its sole discretion to be for the primary purpose of rehabilitation or not incompatible with a finding of total and permanent disability. If entitlement to a disability benefit ceases in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph, the Participant shall not be prevented from qualifying for a benefit under another provision of the Plan.
          5.5 Lump Sum Distribution of Small Amounts or upon a Change of Control. If the value of a Participant’s entire Account as of the date it becomes distributable is not greater than the applicable dollar amount under Section 402(g)(1)(B) of the Code, then the Participant’s entire Account balance shall be payable as a single lump sum notwithstanding any other election that may be in effect. In addition, if a Participant Separates from Service within 2 years of a Change of Control, then the Participant’s Account shall be payable in a single lump sum on the first day of the month next following the Participant’s Separation from Service following the Change of Control, and alternative elections in effect by the Participant shall no longer apply.
     5.6 Distribution at a Fixed Date. At the Participant’s election at the time of enrollment in the Plan, a designated portion or all of the Participant’s Account will become payable in the Standard Option upon attainment of the fixed date, and the Participant will begin to receive the amount credited to his Account as of such date, regardless whether or not he has terminated employment or Board membership at such date. The Participant may select an alternative Distribution Option at the same time that a fixed date distribution is selected. The Participant may change the fixed date and/or the Distribution Option pursuant to an election made at least twelve (12) months prior to the original fixed date, provided that the election defers the commencement of benefit payments to a new fixed date that is at least five (5) years later than the original fixed date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Participant dies or suffers a Total Disability before the fixed date, benefits will be payable as a death or disability benefit in accordance with the provisions of this Article and the fixed date election will no longer apply.
     5.7 Distribution of Cash. Payments of amounts credited to the Participant’s Account will be made in U.S. dollars, including amounts credited to the Participant’s Account as Phantom Shares, if any, which shall also be payable in the form of cash based on the fair market value of a comparable number of Shares at the date distribution commences.
     5.8 Time of Payment. Payments due upon a fixed date elected by a Participant shall commence on the first business day coinciding with or following the fixed date and, in the case of installment payments, subsequent installments shall be paid on the first business day coinciding with or next following each anniversary thereof thereafter until fully distributed. Payments due upon a Separation from Service for any reason, including death, shall commence on the first business day of the second month following the date of the Participant’s Separation from Service as an employee or director. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Participant is a “specified employee” (determined in accordance with Treasury Regulations issued under Code Section 409A) for the year in which the Separation from Service occurs, payments shall commence on the first business day that is at least six (6) months after the Separation from Service and, in the case of installment payments, subsequent installments shall be paid on the first business day coinciding with or next following each anniversary of the date of the Separation from Service thereafter until fully distributed.
ARTICLE VI
PLAN ADMINISTRATION
          6.1 Administration. The Plan shall be administered by the Administrative Committee as an unfunded deferred compensation plan that is not intended to meet the qualification requirements of Code Section 401.

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          6.2 Administrative Committee. The Administrative Committee will operate and administer the Plan and shall have all powers necessary to accomplish that purpose, including, but not limited to, the discretionary authority to interpret the Plan, the discretionary authority to determine all questions relating to the rights and status of Eligible Persons and Participants, and the discretionary authority to make such rules and regulations for the administration of the Plan as are not inconsistent with the terms and provisions hereof, as well as such other authority and powers relating to the administration of the Plan, except such as are reserved by the Plan to the Board. Prior to January 1, 2009, the Plan may be administered in accordance with applicable transition rules under Code Section 409A, notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary. All decisions made by the Board or the Administrative Committee shall be final.
          Without limiting the powers set forth herein, the Administrative Committee shall have the power (i) with the consent of the Board, to change or waive any requirements of the Plan to conform with the law or to meet special circumstances not anticipated or covered in the Plan; (ii) to determine the times and places for holding meetings of the Administrative Committee and the notice to be given of such meetings; (iii) to employ such agents and assistants, such counsel (who may be counsel to the Company herein), and such clerical and other services as the Administrative Committee may require in carrying out the provisions of the Plan; and (iv) to authorize one or more of their number or any agent to execute or deliver any instrument on behalf of the Administrative Committee.
          The members of the Administrative Committee and the Company and its officers and directors shall be entitled to rely upon all valuations, certificates and reports furnished by any funding agent or service provider, upon all certificates and reports made by an accountant, and upon all opinions given by any legal counsel selected or approved by the Administrative Committee, and the members of the Administrative Committee and the Company and its officers and directors shall, except as otherwise provided by law, be fully protected with respect to any action taken or suffered by them in good faith in reliance upon any such valuations, certificates, reports, opinions or other advice of a funding agent, service provider, accountant or counsel.
          6.3 Statement of Participant’s Account. The Administrative Committee shall, as soon as practicable after the end of each Plan Year, provide to each Participant a statement setting forth the Account of such Participant under Section 3.3 as of the end of such Plan Year. Such statement shall be deemed to have been accepted as correct unless written notice to the contrary is received by the Administrative Committee within thirty (30) days after providing such statement to the Participant. Account statements may be provided more often than annually in the discretion of the Administrative Committee.
          6.4 Filing Claims. Any Participant, Beneficiary or other individual (hereinafter a “Claimant”) entitled to benefits under the Plan, or otherwise eligible to participate herein, shall be required to make a claim with the Administrative Committee (or its designee) requesting payment or distribution of such Plan benefits (or written confirmation of Plan eligibility, as the case may be), on such form or in such manner as the Administrative Committee shall prescribe.
          6.5 Notification to Claimant. If a Claimant’s application is wholly or partially denied, the Administrative Committee (or its designee) shall, within ninety (90) days, furnish to such Claimant a written notice of its decision. Such notices shall be written in a manner calculated to be understood by such Claimant, and shall contain at least the following information:
(i) the specific reason or reasons for such denial;
(ii) specific reference to pertinent Plan provisions upon which such denial is based;
(iii) a description of any additional material or information necessary for such Claimant to perfect his claim, and an explanation of why such material or information is necessary; and
(iv) an explanation of the Plan’s claim review procedure describing the steps to be taken by such Claimant, if he wishes to submit his claim for review.
          6.6 Review Procedure. Within sixty (60) days after the receipt of such notice from the Administrative Committee, such Claimant, or the duly authorized representative thereof, may request, by written application to the Plan, a review by the Administrative Committee of the decision denying such claim. In connection with such review, such Claimant, or duly authorized representative thereof, shall be entitled to receive any and all documents pertinent to the claim or its denial and shall also be entitled to submit issues and comments in writing. The decision of the Administrative Committee upon such review shall be made promptly and not later than sixty (60) days after the receipt of such request for review, unless special circumstances require an extension of time for processing, in which case a decision shall be rendered as soon as possible, but not later than one hundred twenty (120) days after the Administrative

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Committee’s receipt of a request for review. Any such decision on review shall be in writing and shall include specific reasons for the decision and specific references to the pertinent Plan provisions on which the decision is based.
          6.7 Payment of Expenses. All costs and expenses incurred in administering the Plan shall be paid from the Plan unless the Company elects to pay the costs and expenses.
ARTICLE VII
AMENDMENT AND TERMINATION
          7.1 Amendment. The Company has reserved, and does hereby reserve, the right at any time and from time to time by action of the Administrative Committee or of its Board (or by action of an officer or officers of the Company to whom the Board has delegated the authority to amend the provisions of the Plan) to amend, modify or alter any or all of the provisions of the Plan without the consent of any Eligible Persons or Participants; provided, however, that no amendment shall operate retroactively so as to affect adversely the vested Account balance to which a Participant may be entitled under the provisions of the Plan as in effect prior to such action. Any such amendment, modification or alteration shall be expressed in an instrument executed by an authorized officer or officers of the Company, and shall become effective as of the date designated in such instrument.
          7.2 Termination. The Company reserves the right to suspend, discontinue or terminate the Plan, at any time in whole or in part; provided, however, that a suspension, discontinuance or termination of the Plan shall not accelerate the obligation to make payments to any person not otherwise currently entitled to payments under the Plan, unless otherwise specifically so determined by the Company, relieve the Company of its obligations to make payments to any person then entitled to payments under the Plan, or reduce any existing Account balance.
ARTICLE VIII
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
          8.1 Employment Relationship. A Participant shall be considered to be in the employ of the Company and its related affiliates and subsidiaries as long as he remains an employee of the Company, any subsidiary corporation of the Company, or any corporation to which substantially all of the assets and business of the Company are transferred. For this purpose, a subsidiary corporation of the Company is any corporation (other than the Company) in an unbroken chain of corporations beginning with the Company if, as of the date such determination is to be made, each of the corporations other than the last corporation in the unbroken chain owns stock possessing eighty percent (80%) or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations in such chain. Nothing in the adoption of the Plan or the crediting of deferred compensation shall confer on any Participant the right to continued employment by the Company or an affiliate or subsidiary corporation of the Company, or affect in any way the right of the Company or such affiliate or subsidiary to terminate his employment at any time. Any question as to whether and when there has been a termination of a Participant’s employment, and the cause of such termination, shall be determined by the Administrative Committee, and its determination shall be final.
          8.2 Facility of Payments. Whenever, in the opinion of the Administrative Committee, a person entitled to receive any payment, or installment thereof, is under a legal disability or is unable to manage his financial affairs, the Administrative Committee shall have the discretionary authority to direct payments to such person’s legal representative or to a relative or friend of such person for his benefit; alternatively, the Administrative Committee may in its discretion apply the payment for the benefit of such person in such manner as the Administrative Committee deems advisable. Any such payment or application of benefits made in good faith in accordance with the provisions of this Section shall be a complete discharge of any liability of the Administrative Committee, the Plan and the Company with respect to such payment or application of benefits.
          8.3 Funding. All benefits under the Plan are unfunded and the Company shall not be required to establish any special or separate fund or to make any other segregation of assets in order to assure the payment of any amounts under the Plan; provided, however, that in order to provide a source of payment for its obligations under the Plan, the Company may establish a trust fund. The right of a Participant or his Beneficiary to receive a distribution hereunder shall be an unsecured claim against the general assets of the Company, and neither the Participant nor his Beneficiary shall have any rights in or against any amounts credited under the Plan or any other specific assets of the Company. All amounts credited under the Plan to the benefit of a Participant shall constitute general assets of the Company and may be disposed of by the Company at such time and for such purposes as it may deem appropriate.
          8.4 Anti-Assignment. No right or benefit under the Plan shall be subject to anticipation, alienation, sale, assignment, pledge, encumbrance or charge; and any attempt to anticipate, alienate, sell, assign, pledge, encumber or charge the same shall be void. No right or benefit shall be liable for or subject to the debts, contracts, liabilities, or torts of the person entitled to such benefits. If a Participant, a Participant’s spouse, or any Beneficiary should become bankrupt or attempt to anticipate, alienate, sell, assign,

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pledge, encumber or charge any right to benefits under the Plan, then those rights, in the discretion of the Administrative Committee, shall cease. In this case, the Administrative Committee may hold or apply the benefits at issue or any part thereof for the benefit of the Participant, the Participant’s spouse, or Beneficiary in such manner as the Administrative Committee may deem proper.
          8.5 Unclaimed Interests. If the Administrative Committee shall at any time be unable to make distribution or payment of benefits hereunder to a Participant or any Beneficiary of a Participant by reason of the fact that his whereabouts is unknown, the Administrative Committee shall so certify, and thereafter the Administrative Committee shall make a reasonable attempt to locate such missing person. If such person continues missing for a period of three (3) years following such certification, the interest of such Participant in the Plan shall, in the discretion of the Administrative Committee, be distributed to the Beneficiary of such missing person.
          8.6 References to Code, Statutes and Regulations. Any and all references in the Plan to any provision of the Code, ERISA, or any other statute, law, regulation, ruling or order shall be deemed to refer also to any successor statute, law, regulation, ruling or order.
          8.7 Liability. The Company, and its directors, officers and employees, shall be free from liability, joint or several, for personal acts, omissions, and conduct, and for the acts, omissions and conduct of duly constituted agents, in the administration of the Plan, except to the extent that the effects and consequences of such personal acts, omissions or conduct shall result from willful misconduct. However, this Section shall not operate to relieve any of the aforementioned from any responsibility or liability for any responsibility, obligation, or duty that may arise under ERISA.
          8.8 Tax Consequences of Compensation Reductions. The income tax consequences to Participants of Compensation reductions under the Plan shall be determined under applicable federal, state and local tax law and regulation and neither the Company, the Board, nor any officer or employee of the Company makes any representations as to the tax consequences of participation in the Plan.
          8.9 Company as Agent for Related Employers. Each corporation that becomes a participating employer pursuant to Section 2.5 shall, by so doing, be deemed to have appointed the Company its agent to exercise on its behalf all of the powers and authority hereby conferred upon the Company by the terms of the Plan, including, but not limited to, the power to amend and terminate the Plan. The Company’s authority shall continue unless and until the related employer terminates its participation in the Plan.
          8.10 Governing Law; Severability. The Plan shall be construed according to the laws of the State of Ohio, including choice of law provisions, and all provisions hereof shall be administered according to the laws of that State, except to the extent preempted by federal law. A final judgment in any action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law. In the event that any one or more of the provisions of the Plan shall for any reason be held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision of the Plan, but the Plan shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal, or unenforceable provisions had never been contained herein, and there shall be deemed substituted such other provision as will most nearly accomplish the intent of the parties to the extent permitted by applicable law.
          8.11 Taxes. The Company shall be entitled to withhold any taxes from any distribution hereunder or from other compensation then payable, as it believes necessary, appropriate, or required under relevant law.
                 
DCP Holding Company   Dental Care Plus, Inc.    
 
               
By:
      By:        
 
 
 
     
 
   
 
               
Title:
      Title:        
 
 
 
     
 
   
 
               
Date:
      Date:        
 
 
 
     
 
   

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EX-10.3 3 l30621aexv10w3.htm EX-10.3 EX-10.3
 

Exhibit 10.3
DCP HOLDING COMPANY
2006 DENTAL CARE PLUS MANAGEMENT EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
(Amended and Restated)
Section 1. Purposes of Plan.
     The purpose of this 2006 Dental Care Plus Management Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) of DCP Holding Company, an Ohio corporation (“DCP Holding”) is to advance the interests of DCP Holding, it subsidiary, Dental Care Plus, Inc., an Ohio corporation (“DCP”), and its stockholders by providing a means of attracting and retaining key employees and directors for DCP and DCP Holding (collectively referred to as the “Company”). In order to serve this purpose, the Plan encourages and enables directors and key employees to participate in the Company’s future prosperity and growth by providing them with incentives and Awards (as defined below) based on the Company’s performance, development, and financial success. These objectives will be promoted by granting to directors and key employees equity-based awards in the form of one or more of the following: (a) shares of DCP Holding’s Class B Common Stock, without par value (“Shares”) which are issued subject to restrictions under this Plan and DCP Holding’s Articles of Incorporation and Code of Regulations as in effect from time to time (“Restricted Shares”); (b) restricted stock units (“RSUs”), each of which represents an unfunded and unsecured obligation of the Company equivalent to the fair market value of a Share, and which is payable in cash or Shares, and (c) options to purchase Shares (“NQSOs”) which are not intended to qualify as incentive stock options under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”). NQSOs are referred to hereafter generally as “Stock Options” and awards of Restricted Shares, RSUs and NQSOs are referred to generally hereafter as the “Awards.” The Plan is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to provide for the issuance of RSUs in addition to Restricted Shares, in order to permit the deferred settlement of such Awards in conformance with the requirements of Code Section 409A.
Section 2. Administration of Plan.
     A. The Plan shall be administered by DCP Holding’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) through the Benefits and Compensation Committee thereof (the “Committee”), consisting of not less than three directors of DCP Holding appointed by the Board. The members of the Committee shall serve at the pleasure of the Board, which may remove members from the Committee or appoint new members to the Committee from time to time, and members of the Committee may resign by written notice to the Chairman of the Board or the Secretary of DCP Holding. The Committee shall have the power and authority to: (a) select recipients of Awards (“Participants”) from among those eligible to receive Awards as set forth in Section 3; (b) grant Stock Options, Restricted Shares, RSUs or any combination thereof; (c) determine the number and type of Awards to be granted subject, however, to the requirement that Awards made at or near the same time to members of the Board (“Directors”) must be determined on a uniform and objective basis as to all Directors; (d) determine the terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the terms hereof, of any Award, including, without limitation, time and performance restrictions; (e) adopt, alter, and repeal such administrative rules, guidelines, and practices governing the Plan as it shall, from time to time, deem advisable; (f) interpret the terms and provisions of the Plan and any Award granted and any agreements relating thereto; and (g) take any other actions the Committee considers appropriate in connection with, and otherwise supervise the administration of, the Plan. All decisions made by the Committee pursuant to the provisions hereof, including, without limitation, decisions with respect to Participants to be granted Awards and the number and type of Awards, shall be made in the Committee’s sole discretion (subject to the uniformity requirement as to Awards to Directors in their capacity as such) and shall be final and binding on all persons. References hereinafter to the Committee shall be read to mean the Board if no Committee is appointed hereunder.
     B. The Committee may select one of its members as its chairman, and shall hold meetings at such times and places as it may determine. Acts by a majority of the Committee, or acts reduced to or approved in writing by a majority of the members of the Committee (if consistent with applicable state law), shall be the valid acts of the Committee. From time to time the Board may increase the size of the Committee and appoint additional members thereof, remove members (with or without cause) and appoint new members in substitution therefore, fill vacancies however caused, or remove all members of the Committee and thereafter directly administer the Plan.
     C. Awards may be granted to members of the Board consistent with the provisions of Section 2(A) above. All Awards to members of the Board shall in all other respects be made in accordance with the provisions of this Plan applicable to other eligible persons. Members of the Board who are either (a) eligible for Awards pursuant to the Plan or (b) have been granted Awards may vote on any matters affecting the administration of the Plan or the grant of any Awards pursuant to the Plan, except that no such member shall act upon the granting to himself of Awards, but any such member may be counted in determining the existence of a quorum at any meeting of the Committee or the Board during which action is taken with respect to the granting to him of Awards.

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Section 3. Participants in Plan.
     The persons eligible to receive Awards under the Plan (“Participants”) shall include Directors and officers and other key employees of the Company who, in the opinion of the Board or the Committee, have responsibilities affecting the management, development, or financial success of the Company.
Section 4. Shares Subject to Plan.
     The maximum aggregate number of Shares which may be issued under the Plan shall be 15,000 Class B Shares. The Shares which may be issued under the Plan may be authorized but unissued Shares or issued Shares reacquired by the Company and held as treasury Shares.
     If any Shares that have previously been the subject of a Stock Option cease to be the subject of a Stock Option (other than by reason of exercise), or if any Restricted Shares granted hereunder are forfeited by the holder, or if any Stock Option or other Award terminates without a payment or transfer being made to the Award recipient in the form of Shares, or if any Shares (whether or not restricted) previously distributed under the Plan are returned to the Company in connection with the exercise of an Award (including, without limitation, in payment of the exercise price or tax withholding), such Shares shall again be available for distribution in connection with future Awards under the Plan.
Section 5. Grant of Awards.
     NQSOs, RSUs and Restricted Shares may be granted alone or in addition to other Awards granted under the Plan. Any Awards granted under the Plan shall be in such form as the Committee may from time to time approve, consistent with the Plan, and the provisions of Awards need not be the same with respect to each Participant, subject, however, to the uniformity requirement regarding Awards to Directors made at or near the same time.
     Each Award granted under the Plan shall be authorized by the Committee and shall be evidenced by a written Stock Option Agreement, RSU Agreement or Restricted Share Agreement, as the case may be (collectively, “Award Agreements”), in the form approved by the Committee from time to time, which shall be dated as of the date approved by the Committee in connection with the grant, signed by an officer of the Company authorized by the Committee, and signed by the Participant, and which shall describe the Award and state that the Award is subject to all the terms and provisions of the Plan and such other terms and provisions, not inconsistent with the Plan, as the Committee may approve. The date on which the Committee approves the granting of an Award shall be deemed to be the date on which the Award is granted for all purposes, unless the Committee otherwise specifies in its approval. The granting of an Award under the Plan, however, shall be effective only if and when a written Award Agreement is duly executed and delivered by or on behalf of the Company and the Participant.
Section 6. Stock Options.
     Stock Options granted under the Plan shall be subject to the following terms and conditions and shall contain such additional terms and conditions not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan as the Committee deems appropriate. Each Stock Option grant shall be evidenced by a written Stock Option Agreement, executed as set forth in Section 5, above, which shall be consistent with the Plan, including, without limitation, the following provisions:
     (a) Exercise Price.
     The exercise price per Share issuable upon exercise of a Stock Option shall be no less than the minimum legal consideration required under the laws of the State of Ohio and no more than the fair market value per Share on the date the Stock Option is granted. For purposes of the Plan, the fair market value of the Shares shall mean, as of any given date, the last reported sale price on any stock exchange on which the Shares are listed on the most recent previous trading day, if applicable; provided that if the Shares are not traded on an exchange, then the fair market value of the Shares shall be the value determined in good faith by the Committee, in its sole discretion, which may be based on the book value of such Shares or other basis consistent with the Code of Regulations of DCP Holding.

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     (b) Vesting and Exercise of Options.
     A Stock Option shall be exercisable only with respect to whole (not fractional) Shares which have become vested pursuant to the terms of that Stock Option. Each Stock Option shall become vested with respect to Shares subject to that Stock Option on such date or dates or on the basis of such other criteria, including without limitation, the performance of the Company, as the Committee may determine, in its discretion, and as shall be specified in the applicable Stock Option Agreement. The Committee shall have the authority, in its discretion, to accelerate the time at which a Stock Option shall be exercisable whenever it may determine that such action is appropriate by reason of changes in applicable tax or other law or other changes in circumstances occurring after the grant of such Stock Option.
     (c) Term.
     No Stock Option shall be exercisable after the expiration of 10 years from the date on which that Stock Option is granted.
     (d) Method of Exercise.
     A Stock Option may be exercised, in whole or in part, by giving written notice to the Company stating the number of Shares (which must be a whole number) to be purchased. Upon receipt of payment of the full purchase price for such Shares by certified or bank cashier’s check or other form of payment acceptable to the Company, or, if approved by the Committee, by (i) delivery of unrestricted Shares having a fair market value on the date of such delivery equal to the total exercise price, (ii) surrender of Shares subject to the Stock Option which have a fair market value equal to the total exercise price at the time of exercise, or (iii) a combination of the preceding methods, and subject to compliance with all other terms and conditions of the Plan and the Stock Option Agreement relating to such Stock Option, the Company shall issue, as soon as reasonably practicable after receipt of such payment, such Shares to the person entitled to receive such Shares, or such person’s designated representative. Such Shares may be issued in the form of a certificate, by book entry, or otherwise, in the Company’s sole discretion.
     (e) Restrictions on Shares Subject to Stock Options.
     Shares issued upon the exercise of any Stock Option may be made subject to such disposition, transferability or other restrictions or conditions as the Committee may determine, in its discretion, and as shall be set forth in the applicable Stock Option Agreement. Shares issued upon exercise of any Stock Option shall be subject to the terms and conditions of the Articles of Incorporation and Code of Regulations of DCP Holding as in effect from time to time.
     (f) Transferability.
     Except as provided in this paragraph, Stock Options shall not be transferable, and any attempted transfer (other than as provided in this paragraph) shall be null and void. Except for Stock Options transferred as provided in this paragraph, all Stock Options shall be exercisable during a Participant’s lifetime only by the Participant. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Stock Options may be transferred only upon the Participant’s death and only by will or the laws of descent and distribution and, in the case of such a transfer, shall be exercisable only by the transferee or such transferee’s legal representative.
     (g) Termination of Employment by Reason of Death or Disability.
     If a Participant’s employment terminates by reason of the Participant’s death or disability (as defined by the Committee in its sole discretion at the time of grant and set forth in the Stock Option Agreement), then (i) unless otherwise determined by the Committee within 60 days of such death or disability, to the extent a Stock Option held by such Participant is not vested as of the date of death or disability, such Stock Option shall automatically terminate on such date, and (ii) to the extent a Stock Option held by such Participant is vested (whether pursuant to its terms, a determination of the Committee under the preceding clause (i), or otherwise) as of the date of death or disability, such Stock Option may thereafter be exercised by the Participant, the legal representative of the Participant’s estate, the legatee of the Participant under the will of the Participant, or the distributee of the Participant’s estate, whichever is applicable, for a period of one year (or such other period as the Committee may specify at or after grant or death or disability) from the date of death or disability or until the expiration of the stated term of such Stock Option, whichever period is shorter.

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     (h) Termination of Employment by Reason of Retirement.
     If a Participant’s employment terminates by reason of the Participant’s retirement, then each NQSO held by such Participant may thereafter be exercised by the Participant according to its terms, including without limitation, for such period after such termination of employment as shall be set forth in the applicable Stock Option Agreement, or until the expiration of the stated term of such NQSO, whichever period is shorter. For purposes of the Plan, a Participant shall be considered to retire from the Company if the Participant “Retires” as defined in the Code of Regulations of DCP Holding.
     (i) Other Termination of Employment.
     If a Participant’s employment terminates for any reason other than death, disability, or retirement, then (i) to the extent any Stock Option held by such Participant is not vested as of the date of such termination, such Stock Option shall automatically terminate on such date; and (ii) to the extent any Stock Option held by such Participant is vested as of the date of such termination, such Stock Option may thereafter be exercised for a period of 90 days (or such other period as the Committee may specify at or after grant or termination of employment) from the date of such termination or until the expiration of the stated term of such Stock Option, whichever period is shorter; provided that, upon the termination of the Participant’s employment by the Company or its subsidiaries for Cause (as defined in an applicable Stock Option Agreement), any and all unexercised Stock Options granted to such Participant shall immediately lapse and be of no further force or effect. For purposes of the Plan, whether termination of a Participant’s employment by the Company is for “Cause” shall be determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion.
Section 7. Stock Awards — Restricted Shares and RSUs.
     Restricted Shares and RSUs (“Stock Awards”) awarded under the Plan shall be subject to the following terms and conditions and such additional terms and conditions not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan as the Committee deems appropriate. Each Stock Award shall be evidenced by a written Stock Award Agreement (a Restricted Share Agreement or RSU Agreement, as applicable), executed as set forth in Section 5, above, which shall be consistent with the Plan, including, without limitation, the following provisions:
     (a) Price.
     The purchase price for Stock Awards shall be any price set by the Committee and may be zero. Payment in full of the purchase price, if any, shall be made by certified or bank cashier’s check or other form of payment acceptable to the Company, or, if approved by the Committee, by (i) delivery of unrestricted Shares having a fair market value on the date of such delivery equal to the total purchase price, or (ii) a combination of the preceding methods.
     (b) Acceptance of Stock Awards.
     At the time of the Stock Award, the Committee may determine whether the Stock Award is to be settled in Shares or in cash or a combination of both and may require that any Shares shall, after vesting, be further restricted as to transferability or be subject to repurchase by the Company or forfeiture upon the occurrence of certain events determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion, and specified in the Stock Award Agreement. All Restricted Shares and Shares issued in settlement of RSUs shall also be subject to the terms and conditions of the Articles of Incorporation and Code of Regulations of DCP Holding as in effect from time to time. Awards of Restricted Shares and RSUs must be accepted by the Participant within 30 days (or such other period as the Committee may specify at grant) after the grant date by executing the applicable Stock Award Agreement. The Participant shall not have any rights with respect to the grant of Restricted Shares or RSUs unless and until the Participant has executed the Stock Award Agreement, delivered a fully executed copy thereof to the Company, and otherwise complied with the applicable terms and conditions of the Award.
     (c) Share Restrictions.
     Subject to the provisions of the Plan and the applicable Stock Award Agreement, during such period as may be set by the Committee, in its discretion, and as shall be set forth in the applicable Stock Award Agreement (the “Restriction Period”), the Participant shall not be permitted to sell, transfer, pledge, assign, or otherwise encumber any RSUs or Restricted Shares. All Restricted Shares and any Shares underlying RSUs, if any, shall remain subject to the terms and conditions of the DCP Holding Articles of Incorporation and Code of Regulations, as in effect from time to time. The Committee shall have the authority, in its sole discretion, to accelerate the time at which any or all of the restrictions (other than those applicable

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under the DCP Holding Articles of Incorporation and Code of Regulations) shall lapse with respect to any Restricted Shares or RSUs. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee at or after grant or termination of the Participant’s employment, if the Participant’s employment by the Company and its subsidiaries terminates during the Restriction Period, all Restricted Shares and RSUs held by such Participant and still subject to restriction shall be forfeited by the Participant.
     (d) Stock Issuances and Restrictive Legends; Settlement of RSUs.
     Upon execution and delivery of the Restricted Share Agreement as described above and receipt of payment of the full purchase price, if any, for the Restricted Shares subject to such Restricted Share Agreement, the Company shall, as soon as reasonably practicable thereafter, issue the Restricted Shares. Restricted Shares may be issued in the form of a certificate, by book entry, or otherwise, in the Company’s sole discretion, and shall bear an appropriate restrictive legend. Notwithstanding the foregoing to the contrary, the Committee may, in its sole discretion, issue Restricted Shares (whether or not such Restricted Shares are, at the time of such issuance, the subject of an Award) to the trustee of a trust set up by the Committee, consistent with the terms and conditions of the Plan, to hold such Restricted Shares until the restrictions thereon have lapsed (in full or in part, in the Committee’s sole discretion), and the Committee may require that, as a condition of any Restricted Share Award, the Participant shall have delivered to the Company or such trustee, as appropriate, a stock power, endorsed in blank, relating to the Restricted Shares covered by the Award. Upon vesting of the RSUs as described above and receipt of payment of the full purchase price, if any, for the RSUs, payment shall be made in accordance with the terms of the RSU Agreement, in cash or in Shares, as the Committee determines, as soon as reasonably practicable thereafter. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may determine that RSUs are subject to elective or mandatory deferral of the delivery of cash or Shares pursuant thereto, as applicable, and may establish any rules applicable to such deferral, which shall comply in all respects with Section 409A of the Code.
     (e) Shareholder Rights.
     Each Participant shall have, with respect to the Restricted Shares covered by any Award to that Participant, all of the rights of a shareholder in the Company with respect to the Restricted Shares covered by an Award, including the right to vote the Restricted Shares and the right to receive any dividends or other distributions with respect to the Restricted Shares, but subject, however, to those restrictions placed on such Restricted Shares under this Plan and as specified in the applicable Restricted Share Agreement. Unless otherwise provided for by the Committee, each Participant shall have, with respect to RSUs covered by any Award to that Participant, all of the rights of a shareholder in the Company with respect to the Shares underlying the Award only after Shares are issued in settlement of the Award as evidenced by the appropriate entry on the books of the Company or of a duly authorized transfer agent of the Company, to the Participant.
     (f) Expiration of Restriction Period.
     Upon the expiration of the Restriction Period without prior forfeiture of the Restricted Shares (or rights thereto) subject to such Restriction Period, unrestricted whole (not fractional) Shares shall be issued and delivered to the Participant, unless otherwise provided by the Committee. Unrestricted Shares shall, however, continue to be subject to the terms and provisions of the DCP Holding Articles of Incorporation and Code of Regulations as in effect form time to time. Upon expiration of the Restriction Period and of any period of elective or mandatory deferred settlement of RSUs, cash or Shares, as applicable, shall be issued and delivered to the Participant, unless otherwise provided by the Committee.
     (g) Termination of Employment
     If a Participant’s employment by or service as a Director of the Company and its subsidiaries terminates before the end of any Restriction Period with the consent of the Committee, or upon the Participant’s death, retirement (as defined in Section 6(h), above), or disability (as defined by the Committee in its discretion at the time of grant and set forth in the Stock Award Agreement), the Committee may authorize the issuance to such Participant (or his legal representative or designated beneficiary) of all or a portion of the Restricted Shares or of all or a portion of the Shares or cash, as applicable, underlying the RSU, which would have been issued to him had his employment or appointment continued to the end of the Restriction Period. If the Participant’s employment by or service as a Director of the Company and its subsidiaries terminates before the end of any Restriction Period for any other reason, all Restricted Shares and RSUs shall be forfeited.

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Section 8. Restriction on Exercise After Termination.
     Notwithstanding any provision of this Plan to the contrary, no unexercised right created under this Plan (an “Unexercised Right”) and held by a Participant on the date of termination of such Participant’s employment or status as a Director for any reason shall be exercisable after such termination if, prior to such exercise, the Participant (a) takes other employment or renders services to others without the written consent of the Company, (b) violates any non-competition, confidentiality, conflict of interest, or similar provision set forth in the Award Agreement pursuant to which such Unexercised Right was awarded, or (c) otherwise conducts himself in a manner adversely affecting the Company in the sole discretion of the Committee.
Section 9. Withholding Tax.
     The Company, at its option, shall have the right to require the Participant or any other person receiving cash, Shares or Restricted Shares to pay the Company the amount of any taxes which the Company is required to withhold with respect to such cash, Shares or Restricted Shares or, in lieu of such payment, to retain or sell without notice a number of such Shares sufficient to cover the amount required to be so withheld. The Company, at its option, shall have the right to deduct from all dividends paid with respect to Shares or Restricted Shares the amount of any taxes which the Company is required to withhold with respect to such dividend payments. The Company, at its option, shall also have the right to require a Participant to pay to the Company the amount of any taxes which the Company is required to withhold with respect to the receipt by the Participant of Shares pursuant to the exercise of a Stock Option or settlement of an RSU, or, in lieu thereof, to retain, or sell without notice, a number of Shares sufficient to cover the amount required to be withheld. The obligations of the Company under the Plan shall be conditional on such payment or other arrangements acceptable to the Company.
Section 10. Securities Law Restrictions.
     No right under the Plan shall be exercisable and no Share shall be delivered under the Plan except in compliance with all applicable federal and state securities laws and regulations. The Company shall not be required to deliver any Shares or other securities under the Plan prior to such registration or other qualification of such Shares or other securities under any state or federal law, rule, or regulation as the Committee shall determine to be necessary or advisable, in its sole discretion.
     The Committee may require each person acquiring Shares under the Plan (a) to represent and warrant to and agree with the Company in writing that such person is acquiring the Shares without a view to the distribution thereof, and (b) to make such additional representations, warranties, and agreements with respect to the investment intent of such person or persons as the Committee may reasonably request. Any certificates for such Shares may include any legend which the Committee deems appropriate to reflect any restrictions on transfer.
     All Shares or other securities delivered under the Plan shall be subject to such stop-transfer orders and other restrictions as the Committee may deem advisable under the rules, regulations, and other requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, any stock exchange upon which the Shares are then listed, and any applicable federal or state securities law, and the Committee may cause a legend or legends to be put on any certificates evidencing such Shares to make appropriate reference to such restrictions.

6


 

Section 11. Change in Control.
     (a) Accelerated Vesting and Company Purchase Option.
     Notwithstanding any provision of this Plan or any Award Agreement to the contrary (unless such Award Agreement contains a provision referring specifically to this Section 11 and stating that this Section 11 shall not be applicable to the Award evidenced by such Award Agreement), if a Change in Control or a Potential Change in Control (each as defined below) occurs, then:
     (i) Any and all Stock Options theretofore granted and not fully vested shall thereupon become vested and exercisable in full and shall remain so exercisable in accordance with their terms, and the restrictions applicable to any or all Restricted Shares and RSUs shall lapse and such Stock Awards shall be fully vested; provided that no Stock Option or other Stock Award right which has previously been exercised or otherwise terminated shall become exercisable; and
     (ii) The Company may, at its option, terminate any or all unexercised Stock Options and portions thereof not more than 30 days after such Change in Control or Potential Change in Control; provided that the Company shall, upon such termination and with respect to each Stock Option so terminated, pay to the Participant (or such Participant’s transferee, if applicable) theretofore holding such Stock Option cash in an amount equal to the difference between the fair market value (as defined in Section 6(a), above) of the Shares subject to the Stock Option at the time the Company exercises its option under this Section 11(a)(ii) and the exercise price of the Stock Option; and provided further that if such fair market value is less than such exercise price, then the Committee may, in its discretion, terminate such Stock Option without any payment.
     (b) Definition of Change in Control.
     For purposes of the Plan, a “Change in Control” shall mean the happening of any of the following:
     (i) When any “person” as defined in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”) and as used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) thereof, including a “group” as defined in Section 13(d) of the 1934 Act, but excluding DCP and DCP Holding, any other subsidiary of DCP Holding, and any employee benefit plan sponsored or maintained by DCP or DCP Holding (including any trustee of such plan acting as trustee), directly or indirectly, becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the 1934 Act) of securities of DCP Holding representing 50% or more of the combined voting power of DCP Holding’s then outstanding securities;
     (ii) When, during any period of 24 consecutive months during the existence of the Plan, the individuals who, at the beginning of such period, constitute the Board (the “Incumbent Directors”) cease for any reason other than death to constitute at least a majority of the Board; provided, however, that a Director who was not a Director at the beginning of such 24-month period shall be deemed to have satisfied such 24-month requirement (and be an Incumbent Director) if such Director was elected by, or on the recommendation of or with the approval of, at least two-thirds of the Directors who then qualified as Incumbent Directors either actually (because they were Directors at the beginning of such 24-month period) or by prior operation of this Section 11(b)(ii);
     (iii) The occurrence of a transaction requiring shareholder approval for the acquisition of DCP or DCP Holding by an entity other than DCP, DCP Holding or any other subsidiary of DCP Holding, or any of their respective affiliates, through purchase of assets, by merger, or otherwise; or
     (iv) Approval by the shareholders of DCP Holding of a complete liquidation or dissolution of DCP and DCP Holding.
     (c) Definition of Potential Change in Control.
     For purposes of the Plan, a “Potential Change in Control” means the happening of any one of the following:
     (i) The approval by the shareholders of DCP Holding of an agreement, the consummation of which would result in a Change in Control as defined in Section 11(b), above; or

7


 

     (ii) The acquisition of beneficial ownership of DCP Holding, directly or indirectly, by any entity, person, or group (other than DCP Holding, a subsidiary of DCP Holding, or any Company employee benefit plan (including any trustee of such plan acting as such trustee)) representing ___% or more of the combined voting power of DCP Holding’s outstanding securities and the adoption by the Board of a resolution to the effect that a Potential Change in Control of DCP Holding has occurred for purposes of the Plan.
Section 12. Changes in Capital Structure.
     In the event DCP Holding changes its outstanding Shares by reason of stock splits, stock dividends, or any other increase or reduction of the number of outstanding Shares without receiving consideration in the form of money, services, or property deemed appropriate by the Board, in its sole discretion, the aggregate number of Shares subject to the Plan shall be proportionately adjusted and the number of Shares and the exercise price for each Share subject to the unexercised portion of any then-outstanding Award shall be proportionately adjusted with the objective that the Participant’s proportionate interest in DCP Holding shall remain the same as before the change without any change in the total exercise price applicable to the unexercised portion of any then-outstanding Awards, all as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion.
     In the event of any other recapitalization, corporate separation or division, or any merger, consolidation, or other reorganization of DCP Holding, the Committee shall make such adjustment, if any, as it may deem appropriate to accurately reflect the number and kind of shares deliverable, and the exercise prices payable, upon subsequent exercise of any then-outstanding Awards, as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion.
     The Board’s and the Committee’s determination of the adjustments appropriate to be made under this Section 12 shall be conclusive upon all Participants under the Plan.
Section 13. No Enlargement of Employee Rights.
     The adoption of this Plan and the grant of one or more Awards to an employee of DCP Holding or any of its subsidiaries shall not confer any right to the employee to continue in the employ of DCP Holding or any such subsidiary and shall not restrict or interfere in any way with the right of his employer to terminate his employment at any time, with or without cause.
Section 14. Rights as a Shareholder.
     No Participant or his executor or administrator or other transferee shall have any rights of a shareholder in DCP Holding with respect to the Shares covered by an Award unless and until such Shares have been duly issued and delivered to him under the Plan.
Section 15. Acceleration of Rights.
     The Committee shall have the authority, in its discretion, to accelerate the time at which a Stock Option or other Award right shall be exercisable whenever it may determine that such action is appropriate by reason of changes in applicable tax or other laws or other changes in circumstances occurring after the grant of the Award.
Section 16. Interpretation, Amendment or Termination of the Plan.
     The interpretation by the Committee of any provision of the Plan or of any Award Agreement executed pursuant to the grant of an Award under the Plan shall be final and conclusive upon all Participants or transferees under the Plan. The Board, without further action on the part of the shareholders of DCP Holding, may from time to time alter, amend, or suspend the Plan or may at any time terminate the Plan, provided that: (a) no such action shall materially and adversely affect any outstanding Stock Option or other right under the Plan without the consent of the holder of such Stock Option or other right; and (b) except for the adjustments provided for in Section 12, above, no amendment may be made by Board action without shareholder approval if shareholder approval is required under applicable law or regulation. Subject to the above provisions, the Board shall have authority to amend the Plan to take into account changes in applicable tax and securities laws and accounting rules, as well as other developments. In addition, the Committee may amend the terms of any Award theretofor granted, prospectively or retroactively; provided, no such amendment shall impair the rights of any Participant without the Participant’s consent unless it is made to cause the Plan or such Award to comply with applicable law.

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Section 17. Unfunded Status of the Plan.
     The Plan is intended to constitute an “unfunded” plan for incentive and deferred compensation. With respect to any payments or deliveries of Shares not yet made by the Company to a Participant or transferee, nothing contained herein shall give any such Participant or transferee any rights that are greater than those of a general creditor of the Company. The Committee may authorize the creation of trusts or other arrangements to meet obligations created under the Plan to deliver Shares or payments hereunder consistent with the foregoing.
Section 18. Protection of Board and Committee.
     No member of the Board or the Committee shall have any liability for any determination or other action made or taken in good faith with respect to the Plan or any Award granted under the Plan.
Section 19. Government Regulations.
     Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan or any Award Agreement executed pursuant to the Plan, the Company’s obligations under the Plan and such Award Agreement shall be subject to all applicable laws, rules, and regulations and to such approvals as may be required by any governmental or regulatory agencies, including, without limitation, any stock exchange on which DCP Holding’s Shares may then be listed.
Section 20. Governing Law.
     The Plan shall be construed under and governed by the laws of the State of Ohio.
Section 21. Genders and Numbers.
     When permitted by the context, each pronoun used in the Plan shall include the same pronoun in other genders and numbers.
Section 22. Captions.
     The captions of the various sections of the Plan are not part of the context of the Plan, but are only labels to assist in locating those sections, and shall be ignored in construing the Plan.
Section 23. Effective Date.
     The Plan shall be effective January 1, 2006.

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Section 24. Term of Plan.
     No Award shall be granted pursuant to the Plan on or after the 10th anniversary of the Effective Date, but Awards granted prior to such tenth anniversary may extend beyond that date.
Section 25. Savings Clause.
     In case any one or more of the provisions of this Plan or any Award shall be held invalid, illegal, or unenforceable in any respect, the validity, legality, and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby, and the invalid, illegal, or unenforceable provision shall be deemed null and void; however, to the extent permissible by law, any provision which could be deemed null and void shall first be construed, interpreted, or revised retroactively to permit this Plan or such Award, as applicable, to be construed so as to foster the intent of this Plan.
     Executed this ___ day of ___, 2006.
             
    DCP HOLDING COMPANY    
 
           
 
  By:        
 
     
 
   
 
           
 
  Title:        
 
     
 
   

10

EX-10.10 4 l30621aexv10w10.htm EX-10.10 EX-10.10
 

Exhibit 10.10
Summary of Director Compensation
On November 14, 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the 2008 directors’ compensation program. In 2008 each member of the Company’s Board of Directors will receive a monthly board fee of $650 except that the Chairman of the Board will receive a monthly board fee of approximately $2,800. In addition, with the exception of the Chairman of the Board, each member will receive a Board meeting fee of $500 for each Board meeting attended and a committee meeting fee of $300 for each committee meeting attended. The Chairperson of each committee will receive an additional $100 for each committee meeting attended. The Board of Directors meets monthly. Each Board member will serve on a committee or committees that are expected to meet six to twelve times in 2008. The Company reimburses out-of-pocket expenses incurred by all directors in connection with attending Board of Directors’ and committee meetings. Also as a component of 2008 Board compensation, in December 2007 each member of the Board of Directors was granted equity-based compensation pursuant to the 2006 Dental Care Plus Management Equity Incentive Plan with a value of approximately $16,000, either in the form of Phantom Shares or Restricted Shares depending on the members’ election under the Company’s Deferred Compensation Plan. The equity-based awards will be subject to forfeiture if a director fails to attend 75% of his or her scheduled Board and committee meetings in 2008.

 

EX-31.1 5 l30621aexv31w1.htm EX-31.1 EX-31.1
 

Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Anthony A. Cook, certify that:
     1. I have reviewed this Annual Report of DCP Holding Company (the “Company’) on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007;
     2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;
     3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report;
     4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
          a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
          b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
          c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
          d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
     5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
          a) All significant deficiencies and material weakness in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
          b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: March 25, 2008
     
Signature:
  /s/ Anthony A. Cook
 
  Anthony A. Cook
 
  Principal Executive Officer

 

EX-31.2 6 l30621aexv31w2.htm EX-31.2 EX-31.2
 

Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Robert C. Hodgkins Jr., certify that:
     1. I have reviewed this Annual Report of DCP Holding Company (the “Company’) on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007;
     2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;
     3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report;
     4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
          a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
          b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
          c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
          d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
     5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
          a) All significant deficiencies and material weakness in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
          b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: March 25, 2008
     
Signature:
  /s/ Robert C. Hodgkins, Jr.
 
  Robert C. Hodgkins, Jr.
 
  Principal Financial Officer

 

EX-32.1 7 l30621aexv32w1.htm EX-32.1 EX-32.1
 

Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED
PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
     In connection with the Annual Report of DCP Holding Company (the “Company’) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2007 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report’), each of the undersigned hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Sec. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Sec. 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, in his capacity as an officer of the Company, that:
     (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
     (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.
/s/ Anthony A. Cook
Principal Executive Officer
March 25, 2008
/s/ Robert C. Hodgkins, Jr.
Principal Financial Officer
March 25, 2008
     A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

 

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