Securities Act File No. 333-131820
ICA No. 811- 21853
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 23, 2011
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 [ ]
Pre-Effective Amendment No. ____ [ ]
Post-Effective Amendment No. _37 [X]
and/or
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 [ ]
Amendment No. 38 [X]
(Check Appropriate Box or Boxes)
Northern Lights Variable Trust
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
4020 South 147th Street
Omaha, NE 68137
Attention: Michael Miola
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code)
(631) 470-2600
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
The Corporation Trust Company
Corporate Trust Center
1209 Orange Street
Wilmington, DE 19801
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
With copies to:
JoAnn M. Strasser, Esq. Thompson Hine LLP 312 Walnut Street, Suite 1400 Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 513-352-6725 (phone) 513-241-4771 (fax) | Emile R. Molineaux, General Counsel Gemini Fund Services, LLC 450 Wireless Blvd. Hauppauge, New York 11788 (631) 470-2616 (phone) (631) 470-2702 (fax) |
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
(X)
immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b).
( )
on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b).
( )
60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1).
( )
on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1).
( )
75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2).
( )
on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485.
If appropriate check the following box:
( )
this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.
ASTOR LONG/SHORT ETF PORTFOLIO
Class 1 shares
Class 2 shares
PROSPECTUS May 23, 2011
Advised by:
Astor Asset Management LLC
111 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 3910
Chicago, IL 60606
(312) 373-6280
www.astorllc.com 1-877-738-0333
This Prospectus provides important information about the Portfolios that you should know before investing. Please read it carefully and keep it for future reference.
These securities have not been approved or disapproved by the Securities and Exchange Commission nor has the Securities and Exchange Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
|
|
|
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PORTFOLIO SUMMARY |
|
Investment Objective |
|
Fees and Expenses of the Portfolio |
|
Principal Investment Strategies |
|
Principal Investment Risks |
|
Performance |
|
Adviser |
|
Portfolio Managers |
|
Purchase and Sale of Portfolio Shares |
|
Tax Information |
|
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries |
|
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS |
|
General Information about the Portfolio and Adviser |
|
Investment Objective |
|
Principal Investment Strategies |
|
Principal Risks |
|
Temporary Investments |
|
Portfolio Holdings Disclosure |
|
MANAGEMENT |
|
Adviser |
|
Portfolio Managers |
|
HOW SHARES ARE PRICED |
|
HOW TO PURCHASE AND REDEEM SHARES |
|
FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF PORTFOLIO SHARES |
|
TAX CONSEQUENCES |
|
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS |
|
DISTRIBUTION OF SHARES |
|
Distributor |
|
Distribution Fees |
|
Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries |
|
Householding |
|
VOTING AND MEETINGS |
|
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS |
|
Notice of Privacy Policy and Practices |
|
|
|
|
PORTFOLIO SUMMARY: Astor Long/Short ETF Portfolio
Investment Objectives: The Portfolio seeks total return through a combination of capital appreciation and income.
Fees and Expenses of the Portfolio: This table describes the annual operating expenses that you may indirectly pay if you invest in the Portfolio through your retirement plan or if you allocate your insurance contract premiums or payments to the Portfolio. However, each insurance contract and separate account involves fees and expenses that are not described in this Prospectus. If the fees and expenses of your insurance contract or separate account were included in this table, your overall expenses would be higher. You should review the insurance contract prospectus for a complete description of fees and expenses. In the table below, acquired fund fees and expenses are the indirect costs of investing in other investment companies.
Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a | Class 1 | Class 2 |
Management Fees | 1.00% | 1.00% |
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees | None | 0.25 % |
Other Expenses(1) | 0.20 % | 0.20 % |
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses(1)(2) | 0.37 % | 0.37 % |
Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses(3) | 1.57 % | 1.82 % |
(1)
Estimated for the Portfolio's current fiscal year.
(2)
The operating expenses in this fee table will not correlate to the expense ratio in the Portfolio's financial highlights because the financial statements include only the direct operating expenses incurred by the Portfolio.
(3)
The adviser has contractually agreed to waive its management fees and/or to make payments to limit Portfolio expenses, until November 30 , 2012 so that the total annual operating expenses (exclusive of any taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, indirect expenses, expenses of other investment companies in which the Portfolio may invest, or extraordinary expenses such as litigation) of the Portfolio do not exceed 1.74 % for Class 1 shares and 1.99 % for Class 2 shares. These fee waivers and expense reimbursements are subject to possible recoupment from the Portfolio in future years on a rolling three year basis (within the three years after the fees have been waived or reimbursed) if such recoupment can be achieved within the foregoing expense limits. This agreement may be terminated only by the Portfolio's Board of Trustees, on 60 days written notice to the adviser.
Example: This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Portfolio for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. You would pay the same expenses if you did not redeem your shares. However, each insurance contract and separate account involves fees and expenses that are not included in the Example. If these fees and expenses were included in the Example, your overall expenses would be higher. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Portfolio's operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based upon these assumptions your costs would be:
|
Class |
1 Year | 3 Years |
Class 1 | $ 160 | $ 496 |
Class 2 | $ 185 | $ 573 |
Portfolio Turnover: The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Portfolio's performance. A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs.
Principal Investment Strategies: The Portfolio invests predominantly in exchange-traded funds ("ETFs"), that each invest primarily in (1) equity securities, (2) fixed-income securities, (3) alternative/specialty securities or (4) cash equivalents. The Portfolio defines fixed-income securities to include notes, bonds, debentures and other evidences of indebtedness. The Portfolio defines equity securities to include common and preferred stocks. The Portfolio defines alternative and specialty securities to include securities of Real Estate Investment Trusts ("REITs"), commodities, foreign currencies and inverse ETFs (ETFs designed to produce returns that are inverse to the market). The Portfolio makes "short" investments through inverse ETFs rather than selling securities short. The Portfolio makes "long" investments through traditional ETFs. The Portfolio invests in ETFs without restriction as to the issuer credit quality, capitalization, country or the individual security maturity or currency of the underlying securities held by the ETFs. Under normal market conditions, the Portfolio invests at least 80% of its assets measured at the time of purchase in ETFs.
The adviser, Astor Asset Management LLC uses an active asset allocation strategy based on a proprietary macro-economic model and investment philosophy, "The Astor Philosophy", to select assets (long or short) that it believes have the potential to generate positive returns in the given economic environment.
The Astor Philosophy
The model and philosophy analyze economic data inputs including: (1) GDP, (2) inflation, (3) unemployment, (4) money flows and (5) overall market conditions to determine what the adviser believes is the current phase of the business cycle. Once the current phase of the business cycle is identified as (i) expansion, (ii) peak, (iii) contraction or (iv) trough, the adviser allocates assets and rebalances the Portfolio's investment portfolio with the goal of achieving positive total returns regardless of the phase of the business cycle.
The adviser anticipates rebalancing the investment portfolio based upon the adviser's determination of changes in the economic cycle as well as other proprietary indicators. By using economic cycle-driven rebalancing, the adviser seeks to provide positive returns during market expansions by increasing the portfolio allocation to long equity ETFs linked to broad market indices, such as the Standard & Poor's 500 Index. During economic contractions, the adviser will utilize defensive positioning, by increasing portfolio allocations to cash, fixed-income ETFs and alternative/specialty ETFs including ETFs with inverse market exposure. Inverse ETFs are designed to hedge portfolio investments by producing results opposite to market trends. Inverse ETFs seek daily investment results, before fees and expenses, which correspond to the inverse (opposite) of the daily performance of a specific benchmark, such as the S&P 500 Index. Alternative or specialty ETFs are selected to provide positive returns that are non-correlated to the equity market in general. These may include ETFs linked to commodities, such as oil or gold, and ETFs focused on specific industries such as real estate, or focused on economic segments such as foreign currencies.
Principal Investment Risks: As with all mutual funds, there is the risk that you could lose money through your investment in the Portfolio. Many factors affect the Portfolio's net asset value and performance.
The following describes the risks the Portfolio may bear directly and indirectly through ETFs.
·
Alternative and Specialty Assets Risks. The Portfolio may purchase ETFs that invest in "alternative asset" or "specialty" market segments. The risks and volatility of these investments are linked to narrow segments of the economy such as commodities, foreign currencies, or real estate, and may include leverage, which magnifies the changes in the value of the ETF.
·
Credit Risk. Debt issuers may not make interest or principal payments, resulting in losses to the Portfolio. In addition, the credit quality of securities held by an ETF may be lowered if an issuer's financial condition changes. These risks are more pronounced for securities with lower credit quality, such as those rated below BBB- by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group or another credit rating agency.
·
Emerging Market Risk. Emerging market countries may have relatively unstable governments, weaker economies, and less-developed legal systems with fewer security holder rights. Emerging market economies may be based on only a few industries and security issuers may be more susceptible to economic weakness and more likely to default. Emerging market securities also tend to be less liquid.
·
Equity Risk. The net asset value of the Portfolio will fluctuate based on changes in the value of the equity ETFs in which it invests. Equity prices can fall rapidly in response to developments affecting a specific company or industry, or to changing economic, political or market conditions.
·
ETF Risk. ETFs are subject to investment advisory and other expenses, which will be indirectly paid by the Portfolio. As a result, your cost of investing in the Portfolio will be higher than the cost of investing directly in ETFs and may be higher than other mutual funds that invest directly in stocks and bonds. Each ETF is subject to specific risks, depending on its investments.
·
Fixed-Income Risk. When the Portfolio invests in fixed-income ETFs, the value of your investment in the Portfolio will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Defaults by fixed-income issuers will also harm performance.
·
Foreign Investment Risk. Investing in securities of foreign issuers, through ETFs, involves risks not typically associated with U.S. investments, including adverse fluctuations in foreign currency values, adverse political, social and economic developments, less liquidity, greater volatility, less developed or less efficient trading markets, political instability and differing auditing and legal standards.
·
High-Yield Bond Risk. Lower-quality fixed-income securities, known as "high yield" or "junk" bonds, present greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased risk of default. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates could adversely affect the market for these bonds and reduce an ETF's ability to sell its bonds. The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the value of these assets.
·
Inverse Risk. The Portfolio engages in hedging activities by investing in inverse ETFs. Inverse ETFs may employ leverage, which magnifies the changes in the underlying stock index upon which they are based. Any strategy that includes inverse securities could cause the Portfolio to suffer significant losses.
·
Limited History of Operations. The Portfolio is a new mutual fund and has a limited history of operation.
·
Management Risk. The adviser's dependence on "The Astor Philosophy" and judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular asset classes in which the Portfolio invests (long or short via inverse ETFs) may prove to be incorrect and may not produce the desired results.
·
Small and Medium Capitalization Company Risk. Securities of small and medium capitalization companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than those of larger, more established companies or the market averages in general.
Performance: Because the Portfolio has less than a full calendar year of investment operations, no performance information is presented for the Portfolio at this time. In the future, performance information will be presented in this section of this Prospectus. Updated performance information will be available at no cost by visiting www.astorllc.com or by calling 1-877-738-0333.
Adviser: Astor Asset Management LLC.
Portfolio Managers: Robert Stein, Senior Managing Director; and Bryan Novak, Director; and John Eckstein, Director are co-portfolio managers. Each portfolio manager has served the Portfolio as a portfolio manager since it commenced operations in 2011.
Purchase and Sale of Portfolio Shares: Shares of the Portfolio are intended to be sold to certain separate accounts of the participating life insurance companies, as well as qualified pension and retirement plans and certain unregistered separate accounts. You and other purchasers of variable annuity contracts, variable life contracts, participants in pension and retirement plans will not own shares of the Portfolio directly. Rather, all shares will be held by the separate accounts or plans for your benefit and the benefit of other purchasers or participants. You may purchase and redeem shares of the Fund on any day that the New York Stock Exchange is open, or as permitted under your insurance contract, separate account or retirement plan.
Tax Information: It is the Portfolio's intention to distribute all such income and gains. Generally, owners of variable insurance contracts are not taxed currently on income or gains realized with respect to such contracts. However, some distributions from such contracts may be taxable at ordinary income tax rates. In addition, distributions made to an owner who is younger than 59 1/2 may be subject to a 10% penalty tax. Investors should ask their own tax advisors for more information on their own tax situation, including possible state or local taxes. Please refer to your insurance contract prospectus or retirement plan documents for additional information on taxes.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries: If you purchase the Portfolio through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank or insurance company), the Portfolio and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Portfolio shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Portfolio over another investment. Ask your salesperson for more information.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS
General Information about the Portfolio and Adviser.
This Prospectus describes the Portfolio, a series of Northern Lights Variable Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the "Trust"). Astor Asset Management LLC serves as the Portfolio's investment adviser. The Portfolio is intended to be a funding vehicle for variable annuity contracts and flexible premium variable life insurance policies offered by the separate accounts of various insurance companies (each a "Participating Insurance Company"). It is possible that a difference may arise among the interests of the holders of different types of contracts - for example, if applicable state insurance law or contract owner instructions prevent a Participating Insurance Company from continuing to invest in the Portfolio following a change in the Portfolio's investment policies, or if different tax laws apply to flexible premium variable life insurance contracts and variable annuities. The Portfolio and each Participating Insurance Company will attempt to monitor events to prevent such differences from arising. If a conflict arises between life insurance policies and annuity contracts, however, the Portfolio may be required to take actions that are adverse to the interests of holders of a particular type of contract.
Individual variable annuity contract holders and flexible premium variable life insurance policyholders are not "shareholders" of the Portfolio. The Participating Insurance Company and its separate accounts are the shareholders or investors, although such company will pass through voting rights to its variable annuity contract or flexible premium variable life insurance policyholders. Shares of the Portfolios are not offered directly to the general public.
The adviser, under the supervision of the Board of Trustees, is responsible for constructing and monitoring the Portfolio's investments to be consistent with the investment objective and principal investment strategies of the Portfolio. The Portfolio invests within a specific segment (or portion) of the capital markets and invests in a wide variety of securities consistent with its investment objective and style. The potential risks and returns of the Portfolio vary with the degree to which the Portfolio invests in a particular market segment and/or asset class.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The Portfolio seeks total return through a combination of capital appreciation and income. The Portfolio's investment objective and its 80% ETF investment policy are non-fundamental policies and may be changed without shareholder approval by the Portfolio's Board of Trustees upon 60 days written notice to shareholders.
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
Adviser's Investment Strategies and Investment Philosophy. The adviser's management style focuses on the overall markets and the economy rather than individual stocks and bonds. Some investment vehicles may not be as diversified as perceived, even if investors hold several different mutual funds and a variety of stocks. Achieving true diversification with a stock portfolio can be challenging. Individual stocks are typically more risky and volatile than an index, and are generally of the "buy-and-hold" variety, which completely ignores the value of style diversification and active management. The adviser believes that positive returns can be realized in any market, regardless of its direction. Furthermore, the adviser believes these goals can be achieved by diversifying investments among various asset classes, using relatively low-cost investment products (such as ETFs), and adding style diversification (using more than one investment style such as value-focused). By investing long or short (via inverse ETFs) in the market through the broader averages (such as the equity market as represented by the S&P 500 Index), the adviser believes one can more efficiently take advantage of economic conditions and flows of capital. The goal of the adviser is to achieve superior long term risk adjusted returns. The adviser believes this philosophy will serve investors' long-term financial goals of capital appreciation, limited volatility, and quick recovery times from market losses.
By analyzing macro-economic factors like employment, GDP, and fundamental indicators like money flows, valuations, as well as market price and momentum, the adviser believes that investors can achieve superior returns with less risk during various market conditions. Strategic asset allocation is utilized to create exposure to a variety of market sectors, capitalizations and styles. The adviser's objective is to produce positive returns, not necessarily outperform a benchmark. The adviser's historical research indicates the need for investors to diversify their portfolio among various asset classes beyond equities and fixed-income since the best and worst performing asset classes vary from year-to-year. Thus, an economic strategy that is successful in identifying the current economic environment and trends, has the ability to achieve returns greater than the overall market with less volatility and smaller negative returns (commonly referred to as drawdowns) in comparison to the S&P 500 Index.
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT RISKS
There is no assurance that the Portfolio will achieve its investment objective. The Portfolio's share price will fluctuate with changes in the market value of its portfolio investments. When you sell your Portfolio shares, they may be worth less than what you paid for them and, accordingly, you can lose money investing in the Portfolio. Risks could adversely affect the net asset value, total return and the value of the Portfolio and your investment. The risk descriptions below provide a more detailed explanation of the principal investment risks that correspond to the risks described in the Portfolio's Portfolio Summary section of this Prospectus. The following describes the risks the Portfolio may bear directly and indirectly through ETFs.
Alternative and Specialty Assets Risks. The Portfolio may purchase ETFs that invest in "alternative asset" or "specialty" market segments that may be more volatile than other Portfolio investments. The risks and volatility of these investments are linked to narrow segments of the economy such as commodities, foreign currencies or real estate. Each segment is subject to different risks inherent in its segment: REITs' real estate linked investments are affected by property value fluctuations; commodity linked investments may be affected by commodity-specific factors, such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs and international economic, political and regulatory developments; foreign currency linked investments may be affected by special risks such as reduced liquidity, greater volatility, less developed trading markets and sovereign intervention in the exchange market intended to affect the level or movement of the exchange rate including a country re-issuing a new currency, effectively making the "old" currency worthless. ETFs may employ leverage, which magnifies the changes in the value of the ETF.
Credit Risk. There is a risk that debt issuers will not make interest and or principal payments, resulting in losses to an ETF held by the Portfolio. In addition, the credit quality of fixed-income securities may be lowered if an issuer's financial condition changes or the issuer is likely to default. Lower credit quality may lead to greater volatility in the price of a security and in shares of the Portfolio. Lower credit quality also may affect liquidity and make it difficult to sell the security. Default, or the market's perception that an issuer is likely to default, could reduce the value and liquidity of securities held by the Portfolio, thereby reducing the value of your investment in Portfolio shares. In addition, default may cause the Portfolio to incur expenses indirectly when an ETF seeks recovery of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings. These risks are more pronounced for issuers with lower credit quality, such as those rated below BBB- by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group or another credit rating agency.
io may invests that invest in countries with newly organized or less developed securities markets. There are typically greater risks involved in investing in emerging markets securities. Generally, economic structures in these countries are less diverse and mature than those in developed countries and their political systems tend to be less stable. Emerging market economies may be based on only a few industries, therefore security issuers, including governments, may be more susceptible to economic weakness and more likely to default. Emerging market countries also may have relatively unstable governments, weaker economies, and less-developed legal systems with fewer security holder rights. Investments in emerging markets countries may be affected by government policies that restrict foreign investment in certain issuers or industries. The potentially smaller size of their securities markets and lower trading volumes can make investments relatively illiquid and potentially more volatile than investments in developed countries, and such securities may be subject to abrupt and severe price declines. Due to this relative lack of liquidity, an ETF may have to accept a lower price or may not be able to sell a portfolio security at all. An inability to sell a portfolio position can adversely affect the ETF's value or prevent the ETF from being able to meet cash obligations or take advantage of other investment opportunities.
Equity Risk. The net asset value of the Portfolio will fluctuate based on changes in the value of the securities in which it invests. The Portfolio's investments in equity securities, through ETFs, are more volatile and carry more risk than some other forms of investment. The price of equity securities may rise or fall because of economic or political changes. Stock prices, in general, may decline over short or even extended periods of time, and tend to be more volatile than other investment choices. Market prices of equity securities in broad market segments may be adversely affected by a prominent issuer having experienced losses or by the lack of earnings or such an issuer's failure to meet the market's expectations with respect to new products or services, or even by factors wholly unrelated to the value or condition of the issuer, such as changes in interest rates.
ETF Risk. ETFs are subject to investment advisory and other expenses, which will be indirectly paid by the Portfolio. As a result, your cost of investing in the Portfolio will be higher than the cost of investing directly in ETFs and may be higher than other mutual funds that invest directly in stocks and bonds. ETFs are listed on national stock exchanges and are traded like stocks listed on an exchange. ETF shares may trade at a discount or a premium in market price if there is a limited market in such shares. ETFs are also subject to brokerage and other trading costs, which could result in greater expenses to the Portfolio. ETFs may employ leverage, which magnifies the changes in the value of the ETFs. Because the value of ETF shares depends on the demand in the market, the adviser may not be able to liquidate the Portfolio's holdings at the most optimal time, adversely affecting performance. Investment in the Portfolio should be made with the understanding that the ETFs in which the Portfolio invests will not be able to replicate exactly the performance of the indices they track, if any, because the total return generated by the securities will be reduced by transaction costs incurred in adjusting the actual balance of the securities. In addition, the ETFs in which the Portfolio invests will incur expenses not incurred by their applicable indices. Certain securities comprising the indices tracked by the ETFs may, from time to time, temporarily be unavailable, which may further impede the ETFs' ability to track their applicable indices.
Fixed-Income Risk. When the Portfolio invests in fixed-income ETFs, the value of your investment in the Portfolio will fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Typically, a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of the fixed-income securities owned by the Portfolio. In general, the market price of debt securities with longer maturities will increase or decrease more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. Other risk factors impacting fixed-income securities include credit risk, maturity risk, market risk, extension or prepayment risk, illiquid security risks, foreign securities risk, investment-grade and high yield securities risk. These risks could affect the value of a particular investment by the Portfolio possibly causing the Portfolio's share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.
Foreign Investment Risk. Investing in ETFs that invest in securities of foreign issuers involves risks not typically associated with U.S. investments, including adverse fluctuations in foreign currency values, adverse political, social and economic developments, less liquidity, greater volatility, less developed or less efficient trading markets, political instability and differing auditing and legal standards. Country risk arises because virtually every country has interfered with international transactions in its currency and financial markets. Interference has taken the form of regulation of the local exchange market, restrictions on foreign investment by residents or limits on inflows of investment funds from abroad.
High-Yield Bond Risk. Lower-quality fixed-income securities, known as "high yield" or "junk" bonds, present a significant risk for loss of principal and interest. These bonds offer the potential for higher return, but also involve greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased possibility that the bond's issuer, obligor or guarantor may not be able to make its payments of interest and principal (credit quality risk). If that happens, the value of the bond may decrease, and the ETF's share price may decrease and its income distribution may be reduced. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates (interest rate risk) could adversely affect the market for these bonds and reduce a fixed-income ETF's ability to sell its bonds (liquidity risk). Such securities may also include "Rule 144A" securities, which are subject to resale restrictions. The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the ETF's and thus, the Portfolio's share price.
Inverse Risk. The Portfolio engages in hedging activities by investing in inverse ETFs. These investments are significantly different from the investment activities commonly associated with conservative stock funds. Positions in inverse securities are speculative and can be more risky than "long" positions (purchases). Under certain circumstances, the adviser may invest in ETFs, known as "inverse funds," which are designed to produce results opposite to market trends. Inverse funds seek daily investment results, before fees and expenses, which correspond to the inverse (opposite) of the daily performance of a specific benchmark. Inverse ETFs are funds designed to rise in price when stock prices are falling. Inverse ETF index funds seek to provide investment results that will match a certain percentage of the inverse of the performance of a specific benchmark on a daily basis. For example, if an inverse fund's current benchmark is 100% of the inverse of the Russell 2000 Index and the fund meets its objective, the value of the fund will tend to increase on a daily basis when the value of the underlying index decreases (if the Russell 2000 Index goes down 5% then the fund's value should go up 5%). Conversely, when the value of the underlying index increases, the value of the fund's shares tend to decrease on a daily basis (if the Russell 2000 Index goes up 5% then the fund's value should go down 5%). Additionally, inverse ETFs may employ leverage, which magnifies the changes in the underlying stock index upon which they are based. For example, if an inverse ETF's current benchmark is 200% of the inverse of the Russell 2000 Index and the ETF meets its objective, the value of the ETF will tend to increase on a daily basis when the value of the underlying index decreases (e.g., if the Russell 2000 Index goes down 5% then the inverse ETF's value should go up 10%). You should be aware that any strategy that includes inverse securities could suffer significant losses.
Limited History of Operations. The Portfolio is a new mutual fund and has a limited history of operation. Mutual funds and their advisers are subject to restrictions and limitations imposed by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the Internal Revenue Code that do not apply to the adviser's management of individual and institutional accounts. As a result, the adviser may not achieve its intended result in managing the Portfolio.
Management Risk. The adviser's dependence on "The Astor Philosophy" and judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of particular asset classes in which the Portfolio invests (long or short via inverse ETFs) may prove to be incorrect and may not produce the desired results.
Small and Medium Capitalization Company Risk. Securities of small and medium capitalization companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than those of larger, more established companies or the market averages in general. These companies may have narrower markets, limited product lines, fewer financial resources, and they may be dependent on a limited management group. Investing in lesser-known, small and medium capitalization companies involves greater risk of volatility of the Portfolio's net asset value than is customarily associated with larger, more established companies. Often smaller and medium capitalization companies and the industries in which they are focused are still evolving and, while this may offer better growth potential than larger, more established companies, it also may make them more sensitive to changing market conditions. Small cap companies may have returns that can vary, occasionally significantly, from the market in general.
Temporary Investments: To respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, the Portfolio may invest 100% of its total assets, without limitation, in high-quality short-term debt securities and money market instruments. The Portfolio may be invested in these instruments for extended periods, depending on the adviser's assessment of market conditions. These short-term debt securities and money market instruments may include shares of other mutual funds, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances, U.S. Government securities and repurchase agreements. While the Portfolio is in a defensive position, the opportunity to achieve its investment objective will be limited. Furthermore, to the extent that the Portfolio invests in money market mutual funds for its cash position, there will be some duplication of expenses because the Portfolio would bear its pro rata portion of such money market funds' advisory and operational fees. The Portfolio may also invest a substantial portion of its assets in such instruments at any time to maintain liquidity or pending selection of investments in accordance with its policies.
Portfolio Holdings Disclosure: A description of the Portfolio's policies regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is available in the Portfolio's Statement of Additional Information. The Portfolio may, from time to time, make available month-end portfolio holdings information on the website at www.astorllc.com. If month-end portfolio holdings are posted to the website, they are expected to be approximately 30 days old and remain available until new information for the next month is posted. Shareholders may request portfolio holdings schedules at no charge by calling 1-877-738-0333.
MANAGEMENT
Adviser
Astor Asset Management LLC, 111 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 3910, Chicago, IL 60606, serves as investment adviser to the Portfolio. Subject to the authority of the Board of Trustees, the adviser is responsible for management of the Portfolio's investment portfolio. The adviser is responsible for selecting the Portfolio's investments according to the Portfolio's investment objective, policies and restrictions. The adviser was established in 2001, and also advises individuals, corporations and mutual funds in addition to the Portfolio. As of March 31, 2011, the adviser had $960 million in assets under management.
Pursuant to an advisory agreement between the Portfolio and the adviser, the adviser is entitled to receive, on a monthly basis, an annual advisory fee equal to 1.00% of the Portfolio's average daily net assets. The adviser has contractually agreed to waive its management fees and/or to make payments to limit Portfolio expenses, until November 30 , 2012 so that the total annual operating expenses (exclusive of any taxes, interest, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, indirect expenses, expenses of other investment companies in which the Portfolio may invest, or extraordinary expenses such as litigation) of the Portfolio do not exceed 1.74 % for Class 1 shares and 1.99 % for Class 2 shares. These fee waivers and expense reimbursements are subject to possible recoupment from the Portfolio in future years on a rolling three year basis (within the three years after the fees have been waived or reimbursed) if such recoupment can be achieved within the foregoing expense limits. This agreement may be terminated only by the Portfolio's Board of Trustees, on 60 days written notice to the adviser. Fee waiver and reimbursement arrangements can decrease the Portfolio's expenses and boost its performance.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees' approval of the advisory agreement will be available in the Portfolio's annual or semi-annual report when first published.
Portfolio Managers: Robert Stein, Senior Managing Director; Bryan Novak, Director; and John Eckstein, Director, are co-portfolio managers. The portfolio managers are supported by research analysts and the adviser's investment committee. The committee provides top-down economic analysis, quantitative research, momentum forecasting technical analysis of current financial and economic conditions. The committee may review company-specific issues brought forth by the analysts, but final investment and portfolio management decisions are approved by the co-portfolio managers.
Robert Stein, Co-Portfolio Manager. Rob Stein began his career in 1983 as a project analyst for the Federal Reserve, under the chairmanship of Paul Volcker. From there, he went on to hold senior trading or portfolio management positions with Bank of America New York from 1984 to 1986, Harris Bank from 1986 to 1988 and Bank of America Chicago from 1988 to 1991. Beginning in 1991, Mr. Stein also served as the Managing Director of Proprietary Trading for Barclay's Bank PLC New York. Returning to Chicago in 1994, he formed Astor Financial, Inc., an investment and brokerage firm. Mr. Stein later formed Astor Asset Management L.L.C, formerly a division of Astor Financial, which became a registered investment advisory firm with the SEC in 2001. Mr. Stein is the author of three books, including The Bull Inside the Bear: Finding New Investment Opportunities in Today's Fast-Changing Financial Markets (John Wiley & Sons, 2009). He is regularly featured in print and broadcast media such as the Wall Street Journal, Business Week, Investor's Business Daily, ABC, FOX News, Bloomberg and CNBC. Mr. Stein graduated from the University of Michigan.
Bryan Novak, Co-Portfolio Manager. Bryan Novak joined Astor in 2002 and currently serves as Director of Trading. He is responsible for assisting in all money management decisions made by Astor and oversees the firm's trading operations. Mr. Novak has been involved in the research and development of the trading and investment strategies at the firm. He was instrumental in the launch of the firm's mutual fund in 2009 and has served as part of the portfolio management team since 2004. Prior to Astor, Mr. Novak was a trader for Second City Trading, LLC, an equity option market-making firm, at the Chicago Board Options Exchange from 1999 to 2001. He was involved in the firm's implementation of their screen-based trading platform and was a market maker on the floor of the CBOE. Mr. Novak has experience trading in securities markets from equities, equity derivatives, futures and commodity markets as well as pre-public equity investment structures. Mr. Novak earned his Bachelor of Science in Financial Management from the Ohio State University.
John Eckstein, Co-Portfolio Manager. John Eckstein joined Astor as Director of Research in 2011. He serves on the firm's investment committee and is responsible for international global macro strategies, investment strategies based on a systematic analysis of the worldwide macroeconomic environment. In 1995, Mr. Eckstein founded Cornerstone Quantitative Investment Group, a global macro hedge fund with peak assets of $600 million. At Cornerstone, Mr. Eckstein was responsible for all aspects of the firm's operations including fixed income, currency, commodity and equity portfolios. Prior to Cornerstone, Mr. Eckstein was a researcher for Luck Trading Company, a commodity trading adviser from 1991 to 1995. Mr. Eckstein is a co-author of Commodity Investing: Maximizing Returns through Fundamental Analysis (John Wiley & Sons, 2008) and is a frequent speaker at industry events. He holds a Bachelor of Science from Brown University and is a candidate for a Master in Public Administration in International Economic Policy at Columbia University.
The Portfolio's Statement of Additional Information provides additional information about the portfolio managers' compensation structure, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, and the portfolio managers' ownership of shares of the Portfolio.
HOW SHARES ARE PRICED
The public offering price and Net Asset Value ("NAV") of Portfolio shares are determined at 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on each day the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") is open for business. NAV is computed by determining the aggregate market value of all assets of the Portfolio less its liabilities divided by the total number of the Portfolio's shares outstanding, on a per-class basis. ((Asset minus liabilities)/number of shares=NAV). The NYSE is closed on weekends and most national holidays. The NAV takes into account the per-class expenses and fees of the Portfolio, including investment advisory, administration, and distribution fees, if any, which are accrued daily. The determination of NAV of the Portfolio for a particular day is applicable to all applications for the purchase of shares, as well as all requests for the redemption of shares, received by the Portfolio (or an authorized broker or agent, or its authorized designee) before the close of trading on the NYSE on that day.
Generally, securities are valued each day at the last quoted sales price on each security's principal exchange. Securities traded or dealt in on one or more securities exchanges (whether domestic or foreign) for which market quotations are readily available and not subject to restrictions against resale shall be valued at the last quoted sales price on the primary exchange or, in the absence of a sale on the primary exchange, at the last bid on the primary exchange. Securities primarily traded in the National Association of Securities Dealers' Automated Quotation System ("NASDAQ") National Market System for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued using the NASDAQ Official Closing Price. If market quotations are not readily available, securities will be valued at their fair market value as determined in good faith by the adviser in accordance with procedures approved by the Board, and evaluated by the Board quarterly as to the reliability of the fair value method used. In these cases, the Portfolio's NAV will reflect certain portfolio securities' fair value rather than their market price. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determined for a security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of that security. The fair value prices can differ from market prices when they become available or when a price becomes available.
The Portfolio may use independent pricing services to assist in calculating the value of its portfolio securities. With respect to foreign securities that are primarily listed on foreign exchanges or that may trade on weekends or other days when the Portfolio does not price its shares, the value of the Portfolio's investment portfolio may change on days when you may not be able to buy or sell Portfolio shares. In computing the NAV of the Portfolio, the adviser values foreign securities held by the Portfolio, if any, at the latest closing price on the exchange in which they are traded immediately prior to closing of the NYSE. Prices of foreign securities quoted in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at current rates. If events materially affecting the value of a security in the investment portfolio occur before the Portfolio prices its shares, the security will be valued at fair value. For example, if trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the Portfolio calculates its NAV, the adviser may need to price the security using the Portfolio's fair value pricing guidelines. Without a fair value price, short-term traders could take advantage of the arbitrage opportunity and dilute the NAV of long-term investors. Fair valuation of the Portfolio's portfolio securities can serve to reduce arbitrage opportunities available to short-term traders, but there is no assurance that fair value pricing policies will prevent dilution of the Portfolio's NAV by short-term traders.
With respect to any portion of the Portfolio's assets that is invested in one or more open-end management investment companies that are registered under the 1940 Act (mutual funds), the Portfolio's net asset value is calculated based upon the net asset values of the mutual funds in which the Portfolio invests, and the prospectuses for these companies explain the circumstances under which those companies will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.
HOW TO PURCHASE AND REDEEM SHARES
This Prospectus describes two classes of shares offered by the Portfolio: Class 1 and Class 2. The Portfolio offers these classes of shares so that you can choose the class that will best suit your investment needs. The main differences between each class are ongoing fees. For information on ongoing distribution fees, see Distribution Fees on page 18 of this Prospectus. Each class of shares in the Portfolio represents interest in the same portfolio of investments within the Portfolio.
As described earlier in this Prospectus, shares of the Portfolio are intended to be sold to certain separate accounts of the participating life insurance companies, as well as qualified pension and retirement plans and certain unregistered separate accounts. You and other purchasers of variable annuity contracts will not own shares of the Portfolio directly. Rather, all shares will be held by the separate accounts for your benefit and the benefit of other purchasers of variable annuity contracts. All investments in the Portfolio are credited to the shareholder's account in the form of full or fractional shares of the Portfolio. The Portfolio does not issue share certificates. Separate accounts may redeem shares to make benefit or surrender payments to you and other purchasers of variable annuity contracts or for other reasons described in the separate account prospectus that you received when you purchased your variable annuity contract. Redemptions are processed on any day on which the Portfolio is open for business.
When Order is Processed
Shares of the Portfolio are sold and redeemed at their current NAV per share without the imposition of any sales commission or redemption charge, although certain sales and other charges may apply to the policies or annuity contracts. These charges are described in the applicable product prospectus. Requests to purchase and sell shares are processed at the NAV next calculated after the request is received by the participating life insurance company, or qualified pension or retirement plan, in good order. All requests received in good order by a Participating Insurance Company, or qualified pension or retirement plan before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) on each day the NYSE is open will be executed on that same day. Requests received after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on any day the NYSE is closed, will be processed on the next business day. The Participating Insurance Company or qualified pension or retirement plan is responsible for properly transmitting purchase orders and federal funds to the Portfolio.
The USA PATRIOT Act requires financial institutions, including the Portfolio, to adopt certain policies and programs to prevent money laundering activities, including procedures to verify the identity of customers opening new accounts. You will be required by your insurance company, or pension or retirement plan, to supply certain information, such as your full name, date of birth, social security number and permanent street address. This information will assist them in verifying your identity. As required by law, your insurance company, or pension or retirement plan may employ various procedures, such as comparing the information to fraud databases or requesting additional information or documentation from you, to ensure that the information supplied by you is correct.
TAX CONSEQUENCES
The Portfolio intends to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended ("Code"). As qualified, the Portfolio is not subject to federal income tax on that part of its taxable income that it distributes to the separate accounts. Taxable income consists generally of net investment income, and any capital gains. It is the Portfolio's intention to distribute all such income and gains.
Generally, owners of variable insurance contracts are not taxed currently on income or gains realized with respect to such contracts. However, some distributions from such contracts may be taxable at ordinary income tax rates. In addition, distributions made to an owner who is younger than 59 1/2 may be subject to a 10% penalty tax. Investors should ask their own tax advisors for more information on their own tax situation, including possible state or local taxes.
Shares of the Portfolio are offered to the separate accounts of the participating life insurance companies and their affiliates. Separate accounts are insurance company separate accounts that fund the annuity contracts. Under the Code, the insurance company pays no tax with respect to income of a qualifying separate account when the income is properly allocable to the value of eligible variable annuity contracts. In order for shareholders to receive the favorable tax treatment available to holders of variable insurance contracts, the separate accounts, as well as the Portfolio, must meet certain diversification requirements. If the Portfolio does not meet such requirements, income allocable to the contracts would be taxable currently to the holders of such contracts. The diversification requirements are discussed below.
Section 817(h) of the Code and the regulations thereunder impose "diversification" requirements on the Portfolio. The Portfolio intends to comply with the diversification requirements. These requirements are in addition to the diversification requirements imposed on the Portfolio by Subchapter M and the Investment Company Act of 1940. The 817(h) requirements place certain limitations on the assets of each separate account that may be invested in securities of a single issuer. Specifically, the regulations provide that, except as permitted by "safe harbor" rules described below, as of the end of each calendar quarter or within 30 days thereafter, no more than 55% of a portfolio's total assets may be represented by any one investment, no more than 70% by any two investments, no more than 80% by any three investments, and no more than 90% by any four investments.
Section 817(h) also provides, as a safe harbor, that a separate account will be treated as being adequately diversified if the diversification requirements under Subchapter M are satisfied and no more than 55% of the value of the account's total assets is cash and cash items, government securities, and securities of other regulated investment companies. For purposes of section 817(h), all securities of the same issuer, all interests in the same real property, and all interests in the same commodity are treated as a single investment. In addition, each U.S. government agency or instrumentality is treated as a separate issuer, while the securities of a particular foreign government and its agencies, instrumentalities, and political subdivisions all will be considered securities issued by the same issuer. If the Portfolio does not satisfy the section 817(h) requirements, the separate accounts, the insurance company, the policies and the annuity contracts may be taxable. See the prospectuses for the policies and annuity contracts.
For a more complete discussion of the taxation of the life insurance company and the separate accounts, as well as the tax treatment of the annuity contracts and the holders thereof, see the prospectus for the applicable annuity contract.
The preceding is only a summary of some of the important federal income tax considerations generally affecting the Portfolio and you; see the Statement of Additional Information for a more detailed discussion. You are urged to consult your tax advisors for more information.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
All dividends are distributed to the separate accounts or other shareholders on an annual basis and will be automatically reinvested in Portfolio shares unless an election is made on behalf of a separate account or other shareholder to receive some or all of the dividends in cash. Dividends are not taxable as current income to you or other purchasers of variable insurance contracts.
FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTION OF PORTFOLIO SHARES
The Portfolio discourages and does not accommodate market timing. Frequent trading into and out of the Portfolio can harm all Portfolio shareholders by disrupting the Portfolio's investment strategies, increasing Portfolio expenses, decreasing tax efficiency and diluting the value of shares held by long-term shareholders. When the Portfolio invests in ETFs that hold foreign securities it is at greater risk of market timing because the underlying ETF holding foreign securities may, itself, be subject to time zone market timing because of differences between hours of trading between U.S. and foreign exchanges. The Portfolio is designed for long-term investors and is not intended for market timing or other disruptive trading activities. Accordingly, the Portfolio's Board has approved policies that seek to curb these disruptive activities while recognizing that shareholders may have a legitimate need to adjust their Portfolio investments as their financial needs or circumstances change.
The Portfolio reserves the right to reject or restrict purchase or exchange requests for any reason, particularly when a shareholder's trading activity suggests that the shareholder may be engaged in market timing or other disruptive trading activities. Neither the Portfolio nor the adviser will be liable for any losses resulting from rejected purchase or exchange orders. The adviser may also bar an investor who has violated these policies (and the investor's financial adviser) from opening new accounts with the Portfolio.
Because purchase and sale transactions are submitted to the Portfolio on an aggregated basis by the insurance company issuing the variable insurance contract or variable life contract, or other shareholder, the Portfolio is not able to identify market timing transactions by individual variable insurance contract or plan participant. Short of rejecting all transactions made by a separate account, the Portfolio lacks the ability to reject individual short-term trading transactions. The Portfolio, therefore, has to rely upon the insurance company or other shareholder to police restrictions in the variable insurance contracts or according to the insurance company's administrative policies, or such shareholder's plan documents. The Portfolio has entered into an information sharing agreement with the insurance company or other shareholders that use the Portfolio as an underlying investment vehicle for its separate accounts. Under this agreement, the insurance company or other shareholder is obligated to (i) adopt and enforce during the term of the agreement a market timing policy, the terms of which are acceptable to the Portfolio; (ii) furnish the Portfolio, upon its request, with information regarding contract or policyholder trading activities in shares of the Portfolio; and (iii) enforce its market timing policy with respect to contract, policyholders or plan participants identified by the Portfolio as having engaged in market timing.
The Portfolio will seek to monitor for market timing activities, such as unusual cash flows, and work with the applicable insurance company or plan to determine whether or not short-term trading is involved. When information regarding transactions in the Portfolio's shares is requested by the Portfolio and such information is in the possession of a person that is itself a financial intermediary to the insurance company (an "indirect intermediary"), the insurance company is obligated to obtain transaction information from the indirect intermediary or, if directed by the Portfolio, to restrict or prohibit the indirect intermediary from purchasing shares of the Portfolio on behalf of the contract or policyholder or any other persons. The Portfolio will seek to apply these policies as uniformly as practicable. It is, however, more difficult to locate and eliminate individual market timers in the separate accounts because information about trading is received on a delayed basis and there can be no assurances that the Portfolio will be able to do so. In addition, the right of an owner of a variable insurance product to transfer among sub-accounts is governed by a contract between the insurance company and the owner. Many of these contracts do not limit the number of transfers that a contract owner may make among the available investment options. The terms of these contracts, the presence of financial intermediaries (including the insurance company) between the Portfolio and the contract and policyholders and other factors such as state insurance laws may limit the Portfolio's ability to deter market timing. Multiple tiers of such financial intermediaries may further compound the Portfolio's difficulty in deterring such market timing activities. Variable insurance contract holders should consult the prospectus for their variable insurance contract for additional information on contract level restrictions relating to market timing.
DISTRIBUTION OF SHARES
Distributor: Northern Lights Distributors, LLC, 4020 South 147th Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68137, is the distributor for the shares of the Portfolio. Northern Lights Distributors, LLC is a registered broker-dealer and member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. ("FINRA"). Shares of the Portfolio are offered on a continuous basis.
Distribution Fees: The Portfolio has adopted a Distribution Plan and Agreement pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (the "Plan") under the 1940 Act with respect to the sale and distribution of Class 2 shares of the Portfolio. Shareholders of Class 2 shares of the Portfolio pay annual 12b-1 expenses of up to 0.25%. A portion of the fee payable pursuant to the Plan, equal to up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets, may be characterized as a service fee as such term is defined under Rule 2830 of the FINRA Conduct Rules. A service fee is a payment made for personal service and/or the maintenance of shareholder accounts.
The Portfolio's distributor and other entities are paid under the Plan for services provided and the expenses borne by the distributor and others in the distribution of Portfolio shares, including the payment of commissions for sales of the shares and incentive compensation to and expenses of dealers and others who engage in or support distribution of shares or who service shareholder accounts, including overhead and telephone expenses; printing and distribution of prospectuses and reports used in connection with the offering of Portfolio shares to other than current shareholders; and preparation, printing and distribution of sales literature and advertising materials. In addition, the distributor or other entities may utilize fees paid pursuant to the Plan to compensate dealers or other entities for their opportunity costs in advancing such amounts, which compensation would be in the form of a carrying charge on any un-reimbursed expenses.
You should be aware that if you hold your Class 2 shares for a substantial period of time, you may indirectly pay more than the economic equivalent of the maximum front-end sales charge allowed by FINRA due to the recurring nature of distribution (12b-1) fees.
Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries: The Portfolio's distributor, its affiliates, and the Portfolio's adviser may, at their own expense and out of their own legitimate profits, provide additional cash payments to financial intermediaries who sell shares of the Portfolio. Financial intermediaries include brokers, financial planners, banks, insurance companies, retirement or 401(k) plan administrators and others. These payments may be in addition to the Rule 12b-1 fees that are disclosed elsewhere in this Prospectus. These payments are generally made to financial intermediaries that provide shareholder or administrative services, or marketing support. Marketing support may include access to sales meetings, sales representatives and financial intermediary management representatives, inclusion of the Portfolio on a sales list, including a preferred or select sales list, or other sales programs. These payments also may be made as an expense reimbursement in cases where the financial intermediary provides shareholder services to Portfolio shareholders. The distributor may, from time to time, provide promotional incentives to certain investment firms. Such incentives may, at the distributor's discretion, be limited to investment firms who allow their individual selling representatives to participate in such additional commissions.
Householding: To reduce expenses, the Portfolio mails only one copy of the Prospectus and each annual and semi-annual report to those addresses shared by two or more accounts. If you wish to receive individual copies of these documents, please call the Portfolio at 1-877-738-0333 on days the Portfolio is open for business or contact your financial institution. The Portfolio will begin sending you individual copies 30 days after receiving your request.
VOTING AND MEETINGS
The Participating Insurance Company that issued your variable contract will solicit voting instructions from you and other purchasers of variable annuity contracts with respect to any matters that are presented to a vote of shareholders. The insurance company may be required to vote on a proportional basis, which means that for shares outstanding for which it receives no instructions, the insurance company will vote those shares in the same proportion as the shares for which it did receive instructions (either for or against a proposal). To the extent the insurance company is required to vote the total Portfolio shares held in its separate accounts on a proportional basis, it is possible that a small number of variable insurance contract owners would be able to determine the outcome of a matter. Shareholders shall be entitled to one vote for each share held.
The Portfolio does not hold annual meetings of shareholders but may hold special meetings. Special meetings are held, for example, to elect or remove Trustees, change the Portfolio's fundamental investment policies, or approve an investment advisory contract. Unless required otherwise by applicable laws, one-third of the outstanding shares constitute a quorum (or one-third of the Portfolio or class if the matter relates only to the portfolio or class).
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
Because the Portfolio has only recently commenced investment operations, no financial highlights are available for the Portfolio at this time. In the future, financial highlights will be presented in this section of the Prospectus.
|
|
|
NOTICE OF PRIVACY POLICY & PRACTICES
The privacy of our shareholders is important to us. The Portfolio is committed to maintaining the confidentiality, integrity and security of shareholder information. When a shareholder provides personal information, the Portfolio believes that the shareholder should be aware of policies to protect the confidentiality of that information.
Because shares of the Portfolio are offered only to the participating insurance companies and their separate accounts to fund the benefits of variable annuity contracts and variable life insurance contracts, and to qualified pension and retirement plans and unregistered separate accounts, the Portfolio does not collect personal information about you, the underlying investor. The Portfolio collects the following nonpublic personal information from the separate accounts:
§
Information we receive from the shareholder on or in applications or other forms, correspondence, or conversations, including, but not limited to account name, address, phone number, tax ID number; and
§
Information about shareholder transactions with us, our affiliates, or others, including, but not limited to, account number and balance, payments history, parties to transactions, cost basis information, and other financial information.
The Portfolio does not disclose any nonpublic personal information about our current or former shareholders to affiliated or nonaffiliated third parties, except as permitted by law. For example, the Portfolio is permitted by law to disclose all of the information we collect, as described above, to our transfer agent to process your transactions. Furthermore, the Portfolio restricts access to your nonpublic personal information to those persons who require such information to provide products or services to you. The Portfolio maintains physical, electronic, and procedural safeguards that comply with applicable federal and state standards to guard your nonpublic personal information.
The privacy policy of your financial intermediary governs how your nonpublic personal information can be shared with affiliated or non-affiliated third parties.
|
|
|
ASTOR LONG/SHORT ETF PORTFOLIO
|
|
|
|
Adviser | Astor Asset Management LLC Chicago, IL 60606 | Distributor | Northern Lights Distributors, LLC 4020 South 147th Street Omaha, NE 68137 |
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | Cohen Fund Audit Services, Ltd. 800 Westpoint Pkwy, Suite 1100 | Legal | Thompson Hine, LLP 312 Walnut Street, 14th floor Cincinnati, OH 45202 |
Custodian | Union Bank, National Association 350 California Street 6th Floor San Francisco, California 94104 | Transfer | Gemini Fund Services, LLC Omaha, NE 68137 |
Additional information about the Portfolio is included in the Portfolio's Statement of Additional Information dated May 23 , 2011 (the "SAI"). The SAI is incorporated into this Prospectus by reference (i.e., legally made a part of this Prospectus). The SAI provides more details about the Trust's policies and management. Additional information about the Portfolio's investments will also be available in the Portfolio's Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders. In the Portfolio's Annual Report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Portfolio's performance during its last fiscal year.
To obtain a free copy of the SAI and the Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to Shareholders, or other information about the Portfolio, or to make shareholder inquiries about the Portfolio, please call 1-877-738-0333 or visit www.astorllc.com. You may also write to:
Astor Long/Short ETF Portfolio
c/o Gemini Fund Services, LLC
4020 South 147th Street, Suite 2
Omaha, Nebraska 68137
You may review and obtain copies of the Portfolio's information at the SEC Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Please call 1-202-551-8090 for information relating to the operation of the Public Reference Room. Reports and other information about the Portfolio are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of the information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Public Reference Section, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520.
Investment Company Act File # 811-21853
|
|
|
ASTOR LONG/SHORT ETF PORTFOLIO
Class 1 shares
Class 2 shares
Statement of Additional Information
May 23, 2011
A series of the Northern Lights Variable Trust
This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a Prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus of the Astor Long/Short ETF Portfolio (the Portfolio) dated May 23, 2011. Copies of these documents may be obtained without charge by contacting the Portfolio Transfer Agent, Gemini Fund Services, LLC, 4020 South 147th Street, Suite 2, Omaha, Nebraska 68137, or by calling the Adviser at 1-877-738-0333.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE PORTFOLIO |
|
TYPES OF INVESTMENTS |
|
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS |
|
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS |
|
MANAGEMENT |
|
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS |
|
INVESTMENT ADVISER |
|
DISTRIBUTION AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICES PLAN |
|
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS |
|
ALLOCATION OF PORTFOLIO BROKERAGE |
|
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER |
|
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS |
|
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES |
|
ANTI- MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM |
|
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF SHARES |
|
TAX STATUS |
|
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM |
|
LEGAL COUNSEL |
|
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
|
APPENDIX A DESCRIPTION OF BOND RATINGS |
|
APPENDIX B PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES |
|
THE PORTFOLIO
The Astor Long/Short ETF Portfolio is a series of Northern Lights Variable Trust, a Delaware statutory trust organized on November 2, 2005 (the Trust). The Portfolio is managed by Astor Asset Management, LLC (the Adviser).
The Trust is registered as an open-end management investment company. The Trust is governed by its Board of Trustees (the Board or Trustees). The Portfolio may issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest. All shares of the Portfolio have equal rights and privileges. Each share of the Portfolio is entitled to one vote on all matters as to which shares are entitled to vote. In addition, each share of the Portfolio is entitled to participate equally with other shares on a per class basis (i) in dividends and distributions declared by the Portfolio and (ii) on liquidation to its proportionate share of the assets remaining after satisfaction of outstanding liabilities. Shares of the Portfolio are fully paid, non-assessable and fully transferable when issued and have no pre-emptive, conversion or exchange rights. Fractional shares have proportionately the same rights, including voting rights, as are provided for a full share.
The Astor Long/Short ETF Portfolio consists of Class 1 shares and Class 2 shares. The Portfolios investment objectives, restrictions and policies are more fully described here and in the Prospectus. The Board may start other series and offer shares of a new fund under the Trust at any time.
Under the Trusts Agreement and Declaration of Trust, each Trustee will continue in office until the termination of the Trust or his/her earlier death, incapacity, resignation or removal. Shareholders can remove a Trustee to the extent provided by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act) and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Vacancies may be filled by a majority of the remaining Trustees, except insofar as the 1940 Act may require the election by shareholders. As a result, normally no annual or regular meetings of shareholders will be held unless matters arise requiring a vote of shareholders under the Agreement and Declaration of Trust or the 1940 Act.
The Portfolios shares are only offered on a continuous basis to the participating insurance companies, which offers variable annuity insurance contracts and flexible premium variable life insurance policies (Contracts), certain qualified pension and retirement plans ("Qualified Plans"), separate accounts that are not registered as investment companies ("Unregistered Separate Accounts") and to other persons permitted to hold shares of the Trust pursuant to Treasury Regulation 1.817-5.
The Trust may file an Application for an Exemptive Order with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which, if and when approved, will allow the Portfolio to be offered through the separate accounts of multiple insurance companies and to Qualified Plans and Unregistered Separate Accounts (the "Order").
The Portfolio does not foresee any disadvantage to purchasers of Contracts arising out of these arrangements. Nevertheless, differences in treatment under tax and other laws, as well as other considerations, could cause the interests of purchasers of various Contracts and/or Qualified Plans to conflict. For example, violation of the federal tax laws by one separate account investing in the Portfolio could cause the Contracts funded through another separate account to lose their tax-deferred status, unless remedial action is taken. If a material, irreconcilable conflict arises between separate accounts, a separate account may be required to withdraw its participation in the Portfolio. If it becomes necessary for any separate account to replace shares of the Portfolio with another investment, the Portfolio may have to liquidate securities on a disadvantageous basis.
For a description of the methods used to determine the share price and value of the Portfolios assets, see "Net Asset Value" in the Portfolios Prospectus and "Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Shares" in this Statement of Additional Information.
TYPES OF INVESTMENTS
The investment objective of the Portfolio and a description of its principal investment strategies are set forth under Risk/Return Summary in the Prospectus. The Portfolios investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust.
The following pages contain more detailed information about the types of instruments in which the Portfolio may invest.
Equity Securities
Equity securities in which the Portfolio may invest include common stocks, preferred stocks and securities convertible into common stocks, such as convertible bonds, warrants, rights and options. The value of equity securities varies in response to many factors, including the activities and financial condition of individual companies, the business market in which individual companies compete and general market and economic conditions. Equity securities fluctuate in value, often based on factors unrelated to the value of the issuer of the securities, and such fluctuations can be significant.
Common Stock
Common stock represents an equity (ownership) interest in a company, and usually possesses voting rights and earns dividends. Dividends on common stock are not fixed but are declared at the discretion of the issuer. Common stock generally represents the riskiest investment in a company. In addition, common stock generally has the greatest appreciation and depreciation potential because increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a company's stock price.
Preferred Stock
The Portfolio may invest in preferred stock with no minimum credit rating. Preferred stock is a class of stock having a preference over common stock as to the payment of dividends and the recovery of investment should a company be liquidated, although preferred stock is usually junior to the debt securities of the issuer. Preferred stock typically does not possess voting rights and its market value may change based on changes in interest rates.
The fundamental risk of investing in common and preferred stock is the risk that the value of the stock might decrease. Stock values fluctuate in response to the activities of an individual company or in response to general market and/or economic conditions. Historically, common stocks have provided greater long-term returns and have entailed greater short-term risks than preferred stocks, fixed-income securities and money market investments. The market value of all securities, including common and preferred stocks, is based upon the market's perception of value and not necessarily the book value of an issuer or other objective measures of a company's worth.
Convertible Securities
The Portfolio may invest in convertible securities with no minimum credit rating. Convertible securities include fixed income securities that may be exchanged or converted into a predetermined number of shares of the issuer's underlying common stock at the option of the holder during a specified period. Convertible securities may take the form of convertible preferred stock, convertible bonds or debentures, units consisting of "usable" bonds and warrants or a combination of the features of several of these securities. Convertible securities are senior to common stocks in an issuers capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed-income stream (generally higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that afforded by a similar nonconvertible security), a convertible security also gives an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation of the issuing company depending upon a market price advance in the convertible securitys underlying common stock.
Warrants
The Portfolio may invest in warrants. Warrants are options to purchase common stock at a specific price (usually at a premium above the market value of the optioned common stock at issuance) valid for a specific period of time. Warrants may have a life ranging from less than one year to twenty years, or they may be perpetual. However, most warrants have expiration dates after which they are worthless. In addition, a warrant is worthless if the market price of the common stock does not exceed the warrant's exercise price during the life of the warrant. Warrants have no voting rights, pay no dividends, and have no rights with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. The percentage increase or decrease in the market price of the warrant may tend to be greater than the percentage increase or decrease in the market price of the optioned common stock.
Depositary Receipts
The Portfolio may invest in sponsored and unsponsored American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), which are receipts issued by an American bank or trust company evidencing ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign issuer. ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in U.S. securities markets. Unsponsored ADRs may be created without the participation of the foreign issuer. Holders of these ADRs generally bear all the costs of the ADR facility, whereas foreign issuers typically bear certain costs in a sponsored ADR. The bank or trust company depositary of an unsponsored ADR may be under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the foreign issuer or to pass through voting rights. Many of the risks described below regarding foreign securities apply to investments in ADRs.
Foreign Securities
General. The Portfolio may invest directly in foreign securities and in exchange traded funds (ETFs) and other investment companies that hold a portfolio of foreign securities. Investing in securities of foreign companies and countries involves certain considerations and risks that are not typically associated with investing in U.S. government securities and securities of domestic companies. There may be less publicly available information about a foreign issuer than a domestic one, and foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial standards and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. There may also be less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers and listed companies than exists in the United States. Interest and dividends paid by foreign issuers may be subject to withholding and other foreign taxes, which may decrease the net return on such investments as compared to dividends and interest paid to the Portfolio by domestic companies or the U.S. government. There may be the possibility of expropriations, seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, confiscatory taxation, political, economic or social instability or diplomatic developments that could affect assets of the Portfolio held in foreign countries. Finally, the establishment of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws or restrictions could adversely affect the payment of obligations.
To the extent the Portfolios currency exchange transactions do not fully protect the Portfolio against adverse changes in currency exchange rates, decreases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which the Portfolio will invest relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding decrease in the U.S. dollar value of the Portfolios assets denominated in those currencies (and possibly a corresponding increase in the amount of securities required to be liquidated to meet distribution requirements). Conversely, increases in the value of currencies of the foreign countries in which the Portfolio invest relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding increase in the U.S. dollar value of the Portfolios assets (and possibly a corresponding decrease in the amount of securities to be liquidated).
Emerging Markets Securities. The Portfolio may invest directly in and purchase ETFs and other mutual funds that invest in emerging market securities. Investing in emerging market securities imposes risks different from, or greater than, risks of investing in foreign developed countries. These risks include: smaller market capitalization of securities markets, which may suffer periods of relative illiquidity; significant price volatility; restrictions on foreign investment; possible repatriation of investment income and capital. In addition, foreign investors may be required to register the proceeds of sales; future economic or political crises could lead to price controls, forced mergers, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization, or creation of government monopolies. The currencies of emerging market countries may experience significant declines against the U.S. dollar, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in these currencies by the Portfolio. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries.
Additional risks of emerging markets securities may include: greater social, economic and political uncertainty and instability; more substantial governmental involvement in the economy; less governmental supervision and regulation; unavailability of currency hedging techniques; companies that are newly organized and small; differences in auditing and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers; and less developed legal systems. In addition, emerging securities markets may have different clearance and settlement procedures, which may be unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions or otherwise make it difficult to engage in such transactions. Settlement problems may cause the Portfolio to miss attractive investment opportunities, hold a portion of its assets in cash pending investment, or be delayed in disposing of a portfolio security. Such a delay could result in possible liability to a purchaser of the security.
Investment Companies
The Portfolio may invest in investment companies such as open-end funds (mutual funds), closed-end funds, and exchange traded funds (also referred to as "Underlying Funds"). The Portfolio will look-through to each Underlying Fund's holdings for purposes of measuring diversification. The Portfolio does not anticipate that any Underlying Fund will be a portfolio affiliate. The 1940 Act provides that the mutual funds may not: (1) purchase more than 3% of an investment companys outstanding shares; (2) invest more than 5% of its assets in any single such investment company (the "5% Limit"), and (3) invest more than 10% of its assets in investment companies overall (the "10% Limit"), unless: (i) the underlying investment company and/or the Portfolio has received an order for exemptive relief from such limitations from the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"); and (ii) the underlying investment company and the Portfolio take appropriate steps to comply with any conditions in such order.
In addition, Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended provides that the provisions of paragraph 12(d)(1) shall not apply to securities purchased or otherwise acquired by the Portfolio if (i) immediately after such purchase or acquisition not more than 3% of the total outstanding stock of such registered investment company is owned by the Portfolio and all affiliated persons of the Portfolio; and (ii) the Portfolio has not, and is not proposing to offer or sell any security issued by it through a principal underwriter or otherwise at a public or offering price which includes a sales load of more than 1 ½% percent. An investment company that issues shares to the Portfolio pursuant to paragraph 12(d)(1)(F) shall not be required to redeem its shares in an amount exceeding 1% of such investment companys total outstanding shares in any period of less than thirty days. The Portfolio (or the Adviser acting on behalf of the Portfolio) must comply with the following voting restrictions: when the Portfolio exercises voting rights, by proxy or otherwise, with respect to investment companies owned by the Portfolio, the Portfolio will either seek instruction from the Portfolios shareholders with regard to the voting of all proxies and vote in accordance with such instructions, or vote the shares held by the Portfolio in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of such security.
Further, the Portfolio may rely on Rule 12d1-3, which allows unaffiliated mutual funds to exceed the 5% Limitation and the 10% Limitation, provided the aggregate sales loads any investor pays (i.e., the combined distribution expenses of both the acquiring fund and the acquired funds) does not exceed the limits on sales loads established by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) for funds of funds.
The Portfolio and any affiliated persons, as defined by the 1940 Act, may purchase in the aggregate only up to 3% of the total outstanding securities of any Underlying Fund. Accordingly, when affiliated persons hold shares of any of the Underlying Funds, the Portfolios ability to invest fully in shares of those funds is restricted, and the Adviser must then, in some instances, select alternative investments that would not have been its first preference. The 1940 Act also provides that an Underlying Fund whose shares are purchased by the Portfolio will be obligated to redeem shares held by the Portfolio only in an amount up to 1% of the Underlying Funds outstanding securities during any period of less than 30 days. Shares held by the Portfolio in excess of 1% of an Underlying Funds outstanding securities therefore, will be considered not readily marketable securities, which, together with other such securities, may not exceed 15% of the Portfolios total assets.
Under certain circumstances an Underlying Fund may determine to make payment of a redemption by the Portfolio wholly or partly by a distribution in kind of securities from its portfolio, in lieu of cash, in conformity with the rules of the SEC. In such cases, the Portfolio may hold securities distributed by an Underlying Fund until the Adviser determines that it is appropriate to dispose of such securities.
Investment decisions by the investment advisors of the Underlying Funds are made independently of the Portfolio and its Adviser. Therefore, the investment advisor of one Underlying Fund may be purchasing shares of the same issuer whose shares are being sold by the investment advisor of another such fund. The result would be an indirect expense to the Portfolio without accomplishing any investment purpose. Because other investment companies employ an investment adviser, such investments by the Portfolio may cause shareholders to bear duplicate fees.
Closed-End Investment Companies. The Portfolio may invest its assets in "closed-end" investment companies (or closed-end funds), subject to the investment restrictions set forth above. Shares of closed-end funds are typically offered to the public in a one-time initial public offering by a group of underwriters who retain a spread or underwriting commission of between 4% or 6% of the initial public offering price. Such securities are then listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System (commonly known as "NASDAQ") and, in some cases, may be traded in other over-the-counter markets. Because the shares of closed-end funds cannot be redeemed upon demand to the issuer like the shares of an open-end investment company (such as the Portfolio), investors seek to buy and sell shares of closed-end funds in the secondary market.
The Portfolio generally will purchase shares of closed-end funds only in the secondary market. The Portfolio will incur normal brokerage costs on such purchases similar to the expenses the Portfolio would incur for the purchase of securities of any other type of issuer in the secondary market. The Portfolio may, however, also purchase securities of a closed-end fund in an initial public offering when, in the opinion of the Adviser, based on a consideration of the nature of the closed-end funds proposed investments, the prevailing market conditions and the level of demand for such securities, they represent an attractive opportunity for growth of capital. The initial offering price typically will include a dealer spread, which may be higher than the applicable brokerage cost if the Portfolio purchased such securities in the secondary market.
The shares of many closed-end funds, after their initial public offering, frequently trade at a price per share that is less than the net asset value per share, the difference representing the "market discount" of such shares. This market discount may be due in part to the investment objective of long-term appreciation, which is sought by many closed-end funds, as well as to the fact that the shares of closed-end funds are not redeemable by the holder upon demand to the issuer at the next determined net asset value but rather are subject to the principles of supply and demand in the secondary market. A relative lack of secondary market purchasers of closed-end fund shares also may contribute to such shares trading at a discount to their net asset value.
The Portfolio may invest in shares of closed-end funds that are trading at a discount to net asset value or at a premium to net asset value. There can be no assurance that the market discount on shares of any closed-end fund purchased by the Portfolio will ever decrease. In fact, it is possible that this market discount may increase and the Portfolio may suffer realized or unrealized capital losses due to further decline in the market price of the securities of such closed-end funds, thereby adversely affecting the net asset value of the Portfolios shares. Similarly, there can be no assurance that any shares of a closed-end fund purchased by the Portfolio at a premium will continue to trade at a premium or that the premium will not decrease subsequent to a purchase of such shares by the Portfolio.
Closed-end funds may issue senior securities (including preferred stock and debt obligations) for the purpose of leveraging the closed-end funds common shares in an attempt to enhance the current return to such closed-end funds common shareholders. The Portfolios investment in the common shares of closed-end funds that are financially leveraged may create an opportunity for greater total return on its investment, but at the same time may be expected to exhibit more volatility in market price and net asset value than an investment in shares of investment companies without a leveraged capital structure.
Exchange Traded Funds. ETFs are typically passive funds that track their related index and have the flexibility of trading like a security. They are managed by professionals and provide the investor with diversification, cost and tax efficiency, liquidity, marginability, are useful for hedging, have the ability to go long and short, and some provide quarterly dividends. Additionally, some ETFs are unit investment trusts (UITs), which are unmanaged portfolios overseen by trustees and some ETFs may be grantor trusts. An ETF typically holds a portfolio of securities or contracts designed to track a particular market segment or index. Some examples of ETFs are Rydex SharesTM, ProShares®, SPDRs®, streetTRACKS, DIAMONDSSM, NASDAQ 100 Index Tracking StockSM (QQQsSM), and iShares®. The Portfolio may use ETFs as part of an overall investment strategy and as part of a hedging strategy. To offset the risk of declining security prices, the Portfolio may invest in inverse ETFs. Inverse ETFs are funds designed to rise in price when stock prices are falling. Additionally, inverse ETFs may employ leverage which magnifies the changes in the underlying stock index upon which they are based. Inverse ETF index funds seek to provide investment results that will match a certain percentage of the inverse of the performance of a specific benchmark on a daily basis. For example, if an inverse ETFs current benchmark is 200% of the inverse of the Russell 2000 Index and the ETF meets its objective, the value of the ETF will tend to increase on a daily basis when the value of the underlying index decreases (e.g., if the Russell 2000 Index goes down 5% then the inverse ETFs value should go up 10%). ETFs generally have two markets. The primary market is where institutions swap creation units in block-multiples of 50,000 shares for in-kind securities and cash in the form of dividends. The Portfolio does not anticipate trading in creation units. The secondary market is where individual investors can trade as little as a single share during trading hours on the exchange. This is different from open-ended mutual funds that are traded after hours once the net asset value (NAV) is calculated. ETFs share many similar risks with open-end and closed-end funds.
There is a risk that an ETF in which the Portfolio invests may terminate due to extraordinary events that may cause any of the service providers to the ETFs, such as the trustee or sponsor, to close or otherwise fail to perform their obligations to the ETF. Also, because the ETFs in which the Portfolio intend to invest may be granted licenses by agreement to use the indices as a basis for determining their compositions and/or otherwise to use certain trade names, the ETFs may terminate if such license agreements are terminated. In addition, an ETF may terminate if its entire net asset value falls below a certain amount. Although the Portfolio believes that, in the event of the termination of an underlying ETF, they will be able to invest instead in shares of an alternate ETF tracking the same market index or another market index with the same general market, there is no guarantee that shares of an alternate ETF would be available for investment at that time. To the extent the Portfolio invests in a sector product, the Portfolio is subject to the risks associated with that sector.
The Portfolio could also purchase an ETF to temporarily gain exposure to a portion of the U.S. or foreign market while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. The risks of owning an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities they are designed to track, although lack of liquidity in an ETF could result in it being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities and ETFs have management fees that increase their costs versus the costs of owning the underlying securities directly.
ETFs are listed on national stock exchanges and are traded like stocks listed on an exchange. ETF shares may trade at a discount or a premium in market price if there is a limited market in such shares. Investments in ETFs are subject to brokerage and other trading costs, which could result in greater expenses to the Portfolio. ETFs also are subject to investment advisory and other expenses, which will be indirectly paid by the Portfolio. As a result, your cost of investing in the Portfolio will be higher than the cost of investing directly in ETFs and may be higher than other mutual funds that invest exclusively in stocks and bonds. You will indirectly bear fees and expenses charged by the ETFs in addition to the Portfolios direct fees and expenses. Because the value of ETF shares depends on the demand in the market, the Adviser may not be able to liquidate holdings at the most optimal time, adversely affecting the Portfolios performance.
Debt Securities
The following describes some of the risks associated with fixed income debt securities:
Interest Rate Risk. Debt securities have varying levels of sensitivity to changes in interest rates. In general, the price of a debt security can fall when interest rates rise and can rise when interest rates fall. Securities with longer maturities and mortgage securities can be more sensitive to interest rate changes although they usually offer higher yields to compensate investors for the greater risks. The longer the maturity of the security, the greater the impact a change in interest rates could have on the security's price. In addition, short-term and long-term interest rates do not necessarily move in the same amount or the same direction. Short-term securities tend to react to changes in short-term interest rates and long-term securities tend to react to changes in long-term interest rates.
Credit Risk. Fixed income securities have speculative characteristics and changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of those issuers to make principal or interest payments, as compared to issuers of more highly rated securities.
Extension Risk. The Portfolio is subject to the risk that an issuer will exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation held by the Portfolio (such as mortgage-backed securities) later than expected. This may happen when there is a rise in interest rates. These events may lengthen the duration (i.e. interest rate sensitivity) and potentially reduce the value of these securities.
Prepayment Risk. Certain types of debt securities, such as mortgage-backed securities, have yield and maturity characteristics corresponding to underlying assets. Unlike traditional debt securities, which may pay a fixed rate of interest until maturity when the entire principal amount comes due, payments on certain mortgage-backed securities may include both interest and a partial payment of principal. Besides the scheduled repayment of principal, payments of principal may result from the voluntary prepayment, refinancing, or foreclosure of the underlying mortgage loans.
Securities subject to prepayment are less effective than other types of securities as a means of "locking in" attractive long-term interest rates. One reason is the need to reinvest prepayments of principal; another is the possibility of significant unscheduled prepayments resulting from declines in interest rates. These prepayments would have to be reinvested at lower rates. As a result, these securities may have less potential for capital appreciation during periods of declining interest rates than other securities of comparable maturities, although they may have a similar risk of decline in market value during periods of rising interest rates. Prepayments may also significantly shorten the effective maturities of these securities, especially during periods of declining interest rates. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, a reduction in prepayments may increase the effective maturities of these securities, subjecting them to a greater risk of decline in market value in response to rising interest rates than traditional debt securities, and, therefore, potentially increasing the volatility of the Portfolio.
At times, some of the mortgage-backed securities in which the Portfolio may invest will have higher than market interest rates and therefore will be purchased at a premium above their par value. Prepayments may cause losses in securities purchased at a premium, as unscheduled prepayments, which are made at par, will cause the Portfolio to experience a loss equal to any unamortized premium.
Certificates of Deposit and Bankers Acceptances
The Portfolio may invest in certificates of deposit and bankers acceptances, which are considered to be short-term money market instruments.
Certificates of deposit are receipts issued by a depository institution in exchange for the deposit of funds. The issuer agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the receipt on the date specified on the certificate. The certificate usually can be traded in the secondary market prior to maturity. Bankers acceptances typically arise from short-term credit arrangements designed to enable businesses to obtain funds to finance commercial transactions. Generally, an acceptance is a time draft drawn on a bank by an exporter or an importer to obtain a stated amount of funds to pay for specific merchandise. The draft is then accepted by a bank that, in effect, unconditionally guarantees to pay the face value of the instrument on its maturity date. The acceptance may then be held by the accepting bank as an earning asset or it may be sold in the secondary market at the going rate of discount for a specific maturity. Although maturities for acceptances can be as long as 270 days, most acceptances have maturities of six months or less.
Commercial Paper
The Portfolio may purchase commercial paper. Commercial paper consists of short-term (usually from 1 to 270 days) unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations in order to finance their current operations.
Time Deposits and Variable Rate Notes
The Portfolio may invest in fixed time deposits, whether or not subject to withdrawal penalties.
The commercial paper obligations, which the Portfolio may buy are unsecured and may include variable rate notes. The nature and terms of a variable rate note (i.e., a Master Note) permit the Portfolio to invest fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest pursuant to a direct arrangement between the Portfolio as Lender, and the issuer, as borrower. It permits daily changes in the amounts borrowed. The Portfolio have the right at any time to increase, up to the full amount stated in the note agreement, or to decrease the amount outstanding under the note. The issuer may prepay at any time and without penalty any part of or the full amount of the note. The note may or may not be backed by one or more bank letters of credit. Because these notes are direct lending arrangements between the Portfolio and the issuer, it is not generally contemplated that they will be traded; moreover, there is currently no secondary market for them. Except as specifically provided in the Prospectus, there is no limitation on the type of issuer from whom these notes may be purchased; however, in connection with such purchase and on an ongoing basis, the Portfolios Adviser will consider the earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios of the issuer, and its ability to pay principal and interest on demand, including a situation in which all holders of such notes made demand simultaneously. Variable rate notes are subject to the Portfolios investment restriction on illiquid securities unless such notes can be put back to the issuer on demand within seven days.
Insured Bank Obligations
The Portfolio may invest in insured bank obligations. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insures the deposits of federally insured banks and savings and loan associations (collectively referred to as banks) up to $250,000. The Portfolio may purchase bank obligations, which are fully insured as to principal by the FDIC. Currently, to remain fully insured as to principal, these investments must be limited to $250,000 per bank; if the principal amount and accrued interest together exceed $250,000, the excess principal and accrued interest will not be insured. Insured bank obligations may have limited marketability. The insurance limit is scheduled to decline to $100,000 after December 31, 2013.
United States Government Obligations
These consist of various types of marketable securities issued by the United States Treasury, i.e., bills, notes and bonds. Such securities are direct obligations of the United States government and differ mainly in the length of their maturity. Treasury bills, the most frequently issued marketable government security, have a maturity of up to one year and are issued on a discount basis. The Portfolio may also invest in Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS). TIPS are special types of treasury bonds that were created in order to offer bond investors protection from inflation. The value of the TIPS are automatically adjusted to the inflation rate as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI). If the CPI goes up by half a percent, the value of the bond (the TIPS) would also go up by half a percent. If the CPI falls, the value of the bond does not fall because the government guarantees that the original investment will stay the same. TIPS decline in value when real interest rates rise. However, in certain interest rate environments, such as when real interest rates are rising faster than nominal interest rates, TIPS may experience greater losses than other fixed income securities with similar duration.
United States Government Agencies
These consist of debt securities issued by agencies and instrumentalities of the United States government, including the various types of instruments currently outstanding or which may be offered in the future. Agencies include, among others, the Federal Housing Administration, Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae"), Farmer's Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Maritime Administration, and General Services Administration. Instrumentalities include, for example, each of the Federal Home Loan Banks, the National Bank for Cooperatives, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac"), the Farm Credit Banks, the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae"), and the United States Postal Service. These securities are either: (i) backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government (e.g., United States Treasury Bills); (ii) guaranteed by the United States Treasury (e.g., Ginnie Mae mortgage-backed securities); (iii) supported by the issuing agency's or instrumentality's right to borrow from the United States Treasury (e.g., Fannie Mae Discount Notes); or (iv) supported only by the issuing agency's or instrumentality's own credit (e.g., Tennessee Valley Association). On September 7, 2008, the U.S. Treasury Department and the Federal Housing Finance Authority (the FHFA) announced that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had been placed into conservatorship, a statutory process designed to stabilize a troubled institution with the objective of returning the entity to normal business operations. The U.S. Treasury Department and the FHFA at the same time established a secured lending facility and a Secured Stock Purchase Agreement with both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to ensure that each entity had the ability to fulfill its financial obligations. The FHFA announced that it does not anticipate any disruption in pattern of payments or ongoing business operations of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.
Government-related guarantors (i.e. not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government) include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Fannie Mae is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders. It is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Fannie Mae purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-though securities issued by Fannie Mae are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by Fannie Mae but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government.
Freddie Mac was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks and now owned entirely by private stockholders. Freddie Mac issues Participation Certificates (PCs) which represent interests in conventional mortgages from Freddie Macs national portfolio. Freddie Mac guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government. Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-though pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such nongovernmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in the former pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit. The insurance and guarantees are issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers.
Mortgage Pass-Through Securities
Interests in pools of mortgage pass-through securities differ from other forms of debt securities (which normally provide periodic payments of interest in fixed amounts and the payment of principal in a lump sum at maturity or on specified call dates). Instead, mortgage pass-through securities provide monthly payments consisting of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a pass-through of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on the underlying residential mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Unscheduled payments of principal may be made if the underlying mortgage loans are repaid or refinanced or the underlying properties are foreclosed, thereby shortening the securities weighted average life. Some mortgage pass-through securities (such as securities guaranteed by Ginnie Mae) are described as modified pass-through securities. These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, on the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether the mortgagor actually makes the payment.
The principal governmental guarantor of mortgage pass-through securities is Ginnie Mae. Ginnie Mae is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by lending institutions approved by Ginnie Mae (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of mortgage loans. These mortgage loans are either insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration. A pool or group of such mortgage loans is assembled and after being approved by Ginnie Mae, is offered to investors through securities dealers.
Government-related guarantors of mortgage pass-through securities (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury) include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Fannie Mae is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private stockholders. It is subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Fannie Mae purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved sellers/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Mortgage pass-through securities issued by Fannie Mae are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by Fannie Mae but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury.
Resets. The interest rates paid on the Adjustable Rate Mortgage Securities (ARMs) in which the Portfolio may invest generally are readjusted or reset at intervals of one year or less to an increment over some predetermined interest rate index. There are two main categories of indices: those based on U.S. Treasury securities and those derived from a calculated measure, such as a cost of funds index or a moving average of mortgage rates. Commonly utilized indices include the one-year and five-year constant maturity Treasury Note rates, the three-month Treasury Bill rate, the 180-day Treasury Bill rate, rates on longer-term Treasury securities, the National Median Cost of Portfolios, the one-month or three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), the prime rate of a specific bank, or commercial paper rates. Some indices, such as the one-year constant maturity Treasury Note rate, closely mirror changes in market interest rate levels. Others tend to lag changes in market rate levels and tend to be somewhat less volatile.
Caps and Floors. The underlying mortgages which collateralize the ARMs in which the Portfolio may invest will frequently have caps and floors which limit the maximum amount by which the loan rate to the residential borrower may change up or down: (1) per reset or adjustment interval, and (2) over the life of the loan. Some residential mortgage loans restrict periodic adjustments by limiting changes in the borrowers monthly principal and interest payments rather than limiting interest rate changes. These payment caps may result in negative amortization. The value of mortgage securities in which the Portfolio invest may be affected if market interest rates rise or fall faster and farther than the allowable caps or floors on the underlying residential mortgage loans. Additionally, even though the interest rates on the underlying residential mortgages are adjustable, amortization and prepayments may occur, thereby causing the effective maturities of the mortgage securities in which the Portfolio invest to be shorter than the maturities stated in the underlying mortgages.
Securities Options
The Portfolio may purchase and write (i.e., sell) put and call options. Such options may relate to particular securities or stock indices, and may or may not be listed on a domestic or foreign securities exchange and may or may not be issued by the Options Clearing Corporation. Options trading is a highly specialized activity that entails greater than ordinary investment risk. Options may be more volatile than the underlying instruments, and therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment in the underlying instruments themselves.
A call option for a particular security gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and the writer (seller) the obligation to sell, the underlying security at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration of the option, regardless of the market price of the security. The premium paid to the writer is in consideration for undertaking the obligation under the option contract. A put option for a particular security gives the purchaser the right to sell the security at the stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the market price of the security.
Stock index options are put options and call options on various stock indices. In most respects, they are identical to listed options on common stocks. The primary difference between stock options and index options occurs when index options are exercised. In the case of stock options, the underlying security, common stock, is delivered. However, upon the exercise of an index option, settlement does not occur by delivery of the securities comprising the index. The option holder who exercises the index option receives an amount of cash if the closing level of the stock index upon which the option is based is greater than, in the case of a call, or less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option. This amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the stock index and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars times a specified multiple. A stock index fluctuates with changes in the market value of the stocks included in the index. For example, some stock index options are based on a broad market index, such as the Standard & Poor's 500® Index or the Value Line Composite Index or a narrower market index, such as the Standard & Poor's 100®. Indices may also be based on an industry or market segment, such as the AMEX Oil and Gas Index or the Computer and Business Equipment Index. Options on stock indices are currently traded on the Chicago Board Options Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, the Pacific Stock Exchange and the Philadelphia Stock Exchange.
The Portfolios obligation to sell an instrument subject to a call option written by it, or to purchase an instrument subject to a put option written by it, may be terminated prior to the expiration date of the option by the Portfolios execution of a closing purchase transaction, which is effected by purchasing on an exchange an option of the same series (i.e., same underlying instrument, exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously written. A closing purchase transaction will ordinarily be effected to realize a profit on an outstanding option, to prevent an underlying instrument from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying instrument or to permit the writing of a new option containing different terms on such underlying instrument. The cost of such a liquidation purchase plus transactions costs may be greater than the premium received upon the original option, in which event the Portfolio will have incurred a loss in the transaction. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option. An option writer unable to effect a closing purchase transaction will not be able to sell the underlying instrument or liquidate the assets held in a segregated account, as described below, until the option expires or the optioned instrument is delivered upon exercise. In such circumstances, the writer will be subject to the risk of market decline or appreciation in the instrument during such period.
If an option purchased by the Portfolio expires unexercised, the Portfolio realizes a loss equal to the premium paid. If the Portfolio enters into a closing sale transaction on an option purchased by it, the Portfolio will realize a gain if the premium received by the Portfolio on the closing transaction is more than the premium paid to purchase the option, or a loss if it is less. If an option written by the Portfolio expires on the stipulated expiration date or if the Portfolio enters into a closing purchase transaction, it will realize a gain (or loss if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds the net premium received when the option is sold). If an option written by the Portfolio is exercised, the proceeds of the sale will be increased by the net premium originally received and the Portfolio will realize a gain or loss.
Certain Risks Regarding Options. There are several risks associated with transactions in options. For example, there are significant differences between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options, whether traded over-the-counter or on an exchange, may be absent for reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities or currencies; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or the Options Clearing Corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading value; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by the Options Clearing Corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
Successful use by the Portfolio of options on stock indices will be subject to the ability of the Adviser to correctly predict movements in the directions of the stock market. This requires different skills and techniques than predicting changes in the prices of individual securities. In addition, the Portfolios ability to effectively hedge all or a portion of the securities in its portfolio, in anticipation of or during a market decline, through transactions in put options on stock indices, depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying index correlate with the price movements of the securities held by the Portfolio. Inasmuch as the Portfolios securities will not duplicate the components of an index, the correlation will not be perfect. Consequently, the Portfolio bears the risk that the prices of its securities being hedged will not move in the same amount as the prices of its put options on the stock indices. It is also possible that there may be a negative correlation between the index and the Portfolios securities that would result in a loss on both such securities and the options on stock indices acquired by the Portfolio.
The hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the options markets. The purchase of options is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The purchase of stock index options involves the risk that the premium and transaction costs paid by the Portfolio in purchasing an option will be lost as a result of unanticipated movements in prices of the securities comprising the stock index on which the option is based.
There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an options exchange will exist for any particular option, or at any particular time, and for some options no secondary market on an exchange or elsewhere may exist. If the s is unable to close out a call option on securities that it has written before the option is exercised, the Portfolio may be required to purchase the optioned securities in order to satisfy its obligation under the option to deliver such securities. If the Portfolio is unable to effect a closing sale transaction with respect to options on securities that it has purchased, it would have to exercise the option in order to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the purchase and sale of the underlying securities.
Cover for Options Positions. Transactions using options (other than options that the Portfolio has purchased) expose the Portfolio to an obligation to another party. The Portfolio will not enter into any such transactions unless it owns either (i) an offsetting ("covered") position in securities or other options or (ii) cash or liquid securities with a value sufficient at all times to cover its potential obligations not covered as provided in (i) above. The Portfolio will comply with SEC guidelines regarding cover for these instruments and, if the guidelines so require, set aside cash or liquid securities in a segregated account with the Custodian in the prescribed amount. Under current SEC guidelines, the Portfolio will segregate assets to cover transactions in which the Portfolio writes or sells options.
Assets used as cover or held in a segregated account cannot be sold while the position in the corresponding option is open, unless they are replaced with similar assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of the Portfolios assets to cover or segregated accounts could impede portfolio management or the Portfolios ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.
Options on Futures Contracts. The Portfolio may purchase and sell options on the same types of futures in which it may invest. Options on futures are similar to options on underlying instruments except that options on futures give the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put), rather than to purchase or sell the futures contract, at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by the delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer's futures margin account which represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. Purchasers of options who fail to exercise their options prior to the exercise date suffer a loss of the premium paid.
Dealer Options
The Portfolio may engage in transactions involving dealer options as well as exchange-traded options. Certain additional risks are specific to dealer options. While the Portfolio might look to a clearing corporation to exercise exchange-traded options, if the Portfolio were to purchase a dealer option it would need to rely on the dealer from which it purchased the option to perform if the option were exercised. Failure by the dealer to do so would result in the loss of the premium paid by the Portfolio as well as loss of the expected benefit of the transaction.
Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while dealer options may not. Consequently, the Portfolio may generally be able to realize the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling the option to the dealer who issued it. Similarly, when the Portfolio writes a dealer option, the Portfolio may generally be able to close out the option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer to whom the Portfolio originally wrote the option. While the Portfolio will seek to enter into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and which are expected to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the Portfolio, there can be no assurance that the Portfolio will at any time be able to liquidate a dealer option at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless the Portfolio, as a covered dealer call option writer, is able to effect a closing purchase transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of the other party, the Portfolio may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With respect to options written by the Portfolio, the inability to enter into a closing transaction may result in material losses to the Portfolio. For example, because the Portfolio must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a security it writes, the Portfolio may not sell the assets that it has segregated to secure the position while it is obligated under the option. This requirement may impair the Portfolios ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale might be advantageous.
The Staff of the SEC has taken the position that purchased dealer options are illiquid securities. The Portfolio may treat the cover used for written dealer options as liquid if the dealer agrees that the Portfolio may repurchase the dealer option it has written for a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the dealer option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option. Accordingly, the Portfolio will treat dealer options as subject to the Portfolios limitation on illiquid securities. If the SEC changes its position on the liquidity of dealer options, the Portfolio will change its treatment of such instruments accordingly.
Spread Transactions
The Portfolio may purchase covered spread options from securities dealers. These covered spread options are not presently exchange-listed or exchange-traded. The purchase of a spread option gives the Portfolio the right to put securities that it owns at a fixed dollar spread or fixed yield spread in relationship to another security that the Portfolio does not own, but which is used as a benchmark. The risk to the Portfolio, in addition to the risks of dealer options described above, is the cost of the premium paid as well as any transaction costs. The purchase of spread options will be used to protect the Portfolio against adverse changes in prevailing credit quality spreads, i.e., the yield spread between high quality and lower quality securities. This protection is provided only during the life of the spread options.
Repurchase Agreements
The Portfolio may enter into repurchase agreements. In a repurchase agreement, an investor purchases a security (known as the "underlying security") from a securities dealer or bank. Any such dealer or bank must be deemed creditworthy by the Adviser. At that time, the bank or securities dealer agrees to repurchase the underlying security at a mutually agreed upon price on a designated future date. The repurchase price may be higher than the purchase price, the difference being income to the Portfolio, or the purchase and repurchase prices may be the same, with interest at an agreed upon rate due to the Portfolio on repurchase. In either case, the income to the Portfolio generally will be unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying securities. Repurchase agreements must be "fully collateralized," in that the market value of the underlying securities (including accrued interest) must at all times be equal to or greater than the repurchase price. Therefore, a repurchase agreement can be considered a loan collateralized by the underlying securities.
Repurchase agreements are generally for a short period of time, often less than a week, and will generally be used by the Portfolio to invest excess cash or as part of a temporary defensive strategy. Repurchase agreements that do not provide for payment within seven days will be treated as illiquid securities. In the event of a bankruptcy or other default by the seller of a repurchase agreement, the Portfolio could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying security and losses. These losses could result from: (a) possible decline in the value of the underlying security while the Portfolio is seeking to enforce its rights under the repurchase agreement; (b) possible reduced levels of income or lack of access to income during this period; and (c) expenses of enforcing its rights.
Futures Contracts
A futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific financial instrument (e.g., units of a stock index) for a specified price, date, time and place designated at the time the contract is made. Brokerage fees are incurred when a futures contract is bought or sold and margin deposits must be maintained. Entering into a contract to buy is commonly referred to as buying or purchasing a contract or holding a long position. Entering into a contract to sell is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position.
Unlike when the Portfolio purchases or sells a security, no price would be paid or received by the Portfolio upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Upon entering into a futures contract, and to maintain the Portfolios open positions in futures contracts, the Portfolio would be required to deposit with its custodian or futures broker in a segregated account in the name of the futures broker an amount of cash, U.S. government securities, suitable money market instruments, or other liquid securities, known as "initial margin." The margin required for a particular futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded, and may be significantly modified from time to time by the exchange during the term of the contract. Futures contracts are customarily purchased and sold on margins that may range upward from less than 5% of the value of the contract being traded.
If the price of an open futures contract changes (by increase in underlying instrument or index in the case of a sale or by decrease in the case of a purchase) so that the loss on the futures contract reaches a point at which the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, the broker will require an increase in the margin. However, if the value of a position increases because of favorable price changes in the futures contract so that the margin deposit exceeds the required margin, the broker will pay the excess to the Portfolio.
These subsequent payments, called "variation margin," to and from the futures broker, are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying assets fluctuate making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as "marking to the market." The Portfolio expects to earn interest income on its margin deposits.
Although certain futures contracts, by their terms, require actual future delivery of and payment for the underlying instruments, in practice most futures contracts are usually closed out before the delivery date. Closing out an open futures contract purchase or sale is effected by entering into an offsetting futures contract sale or purchase, respectively, for the same aggregate amount of the identical underlying instrument or index and the same delivery date. If the offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the Portfolio realizes a gain; if it is more, the Portfolio realizes a loss. Conversely, if the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Portfolio realizes a gain; if it is less, the Portfolio realizes a loss. The transaction costs must also be included in these calculations. There can be no assurance, however, that the Portfolio will be able to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to a particular futures contract at a particular time. If the Portfolio is not able to enter into an offsetting transaction, the Portfolio will continue to be required to maintain the margin deposits on the futures contract.
For example, one contract in the Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index future is a contract to buy 25 pounds sterling multiplied by the level of the UK Financial Times 100 Share Index on a given future date. Settlement of a stock index futures contract may or may not be in the underlying instrument or index. If not in the underlying instrument or index, then settlement will be made in cash, equivalent over time to the difference between the contract price and the actual price of the underlying asset at the time the stock index futures contract expires.
Regulation as a Commodity Pool Operator
The Trust, on behalf of the Portfolio, has filed with the National Futures Association, a notice claiming an exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" under the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended, and the rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission promulgated thereunder, with respect to the Portfolios operations. Accordingly, the Portfolio is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator.
When-Issued, Forward Commitments and Delayed Settlements
The Portfolio may purchase and sell securities on a when-issued, forward commitment or delayed settlement basis. In this event, the Custodian (as defined under the section entitled Custodian) will segregate liquid assets equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate account. Normally, the Custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy a purchase commitment. In such a case, the Portfolio may be required subsequently to segregate additional assets in order to assure that the value of the account remains equal to the amount of the Portfolios commitment. It may be expected that the Portfolios net assets will fluctuate to a greater degree when it sets aside portfolio securities to cover such purchase commitments than when it sets aside cash.
The Portfolio does not intend to engage in these transactions for speculative purposes but only in furtherance of its investment objectives. Because the Portfolio will segregate liquid assets to satisfy its purchase commitments in the manner described, the Portfolios liquidity and the ability of the Portfolios Adviser to manage them may be affected in the event the Portfolios forward commitments, commitments to purchase when-issued securities and delayed settlements ever exceeded 15% of the value of its net assets.
The Portfolio will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment or delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the transaction. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, the Portfolio may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into, and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Portfolio on the settlement date. In these cases the Portfolio may realize a taxable capital gain or loss. When the Portfolio engages in when-issued, forward commitment and delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in the Portfolio incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price credited to be advantageous.
The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase, forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when determining the market value of the Portfolio starting on the day the Portfolio agree to purchase the securities. The Portfolio does not earn interest on the securities it has committed to purchase until it has paid for and delivered on the settlement date.
Illiquid and Restricted Securities
The Portfolio may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. If illiquid investments ever exceed 15% of the Portfolios net assets, the Portfolio will reduce illiquid investments back down to 15% or less. Illiquid securities include securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale (e.g., because they have not been registered under the 1933 Act) and securities that are otherwise not readily marketable (e.g., because trading in the security is suspended or because market makers do not exist or will not entertain bids or offers). Securities that have not been registered under the Securities Act are referred to as private placements or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary market. Foreign securities that are freely tradable in their principal markets are not considered to be illiquid.
Restricted and other illiquid securities may be subject to the potential for delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation. The Portfolio might be unable to dispose of illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty in satisfying redemption requests from shareholders. The Portfolio might have to register restricted securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.
A large institutional market exists for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act, including foreign securities. The fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such investments. Rule 144A under the Securities Act allows such a broader institutional trading market for securities otherwise subject to restrictions on resale to the general public. Rule 144A establishes a "safe harbor" from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for resale of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers. Rule 144A has produced enhanced liquidity for many restricted securities, and market liquidity for such securities may continue to expand as a result of this regulation and the consequent existence of the PORTAL system, which is an automated system for the trading, clearance and settlement of unregistered securities of domestic and foreign issuers sponsored by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.
Under guidelines adopted by the Trust's Board, the Adviser of the Portfolio may determine that particular Rule 144A securities, and commercial paper issued in reliance on the private placement exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act, are liquid even though they are not registered. A determination of whether such a security is liquid or not is a question of fact. In making this determination, the Adviser will consider, as it deems appropriate under the circumstances and among other factors: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security; (3) the number of other potential purchasers of the security; (4) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; (5) the nature of the security (e.g., debt or equity, date of maturity, terms of dividend or interest payments, and other material terms) and the nature of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer); and (6) the rating of the security and the financial condition and prospects of the issuer. In the case of commercial paper, the Adviser will also determine that the paper (1) is not traded flat or in default as to principal and interest, and (2) is rated in one of the two highest rating categories by at least two National Statistical Rating Organization (NRSRO) or, if only one NRSRO rates the security, by that NRSRO, or, if the security is unrated, the Adviser determines that it is of equivalent quality.
Rule 144A securities and Section 4(2) commercial paper that have been deemed liquid as described above will continue to be monitored by the Adviser to determine if the security is no longer liquid as the result of changed conditions. Investing in Rule 144A securities or Section 4(2) commercial paper could have the effect of increasing the amount of the Portfolios assets invested in illiquid securities if institutional buyers are unwilling to purchase such securities.
Lending Portfolio Securities
For the purpose of achieving income, the Portfolio may lend its portfolio securities, provided (1) the loan is secured continuously by collateral consisting of U.S. Government securities or cash or cash equivalents (cash, U.S. Government securities, negotiable certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances or letters of credit) maintained on a daily mark-to-market basis in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned, (2) the Portfolio may at any time call the loan and obtain the return of securities loaned, (3) the Portfolio will receive any interest or dividends received on the loaned securities, and (4) the aggregate value of the securities loaned will not at any time exceed one-third of the total assets of the Portfolio.
Short Sales
The Portfolio may sell securities short involving the use of derivative instruments and to offset potential declines in long positions in similar securities. A short sale is a transaction in which the Portfolio sells a security it does not own or have the right to acquire (or that it owns but does not wish to deliver) in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline.
When the Portfolio makes a short sale, the broker-dealer through which the short sale is made must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the party purchasing the security. The Portfolio is required to make a margin deposit in connection with such short sales; the Portfolio may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and will often be obligated to pay over any dividends and accrued interest on borrowed securities.
If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Portfolio covers its short position, the Portfolio will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Portfolio will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.
To the extent the Portfolio sells securities short, it will provide collateral to the broker-dealer and (except in the case of short sales "against the box") will maintain additional asset coverage in the form of cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid securities with its custodian in a segregated account in an amount at least equal to the difference between the current market value of the securities sold short and any amounts required to be deposited as collateral with the selling broker (not including the proceeds of the short sale). The Portfolio does not intend to enter into short sales (other than short sales "against the box") if immediately after such sales the aggregate of the value of all collateral plus the amount in such segregated account exceeds 10% of the value of the Portfolios net assets. This percentage may be varied by action of the Board of Trustees. A short sale is "against the box" to the extent the Portfolio contemporaneously owns, or has the right to obtain at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short.
Swap Agreements
The Portfolio may enter into interest rate, index and currency exchange rate swap agreements in an attempt to obtain a particular desired return at a lower cost to the Portfolio than if it had invested directly in an instrument that yielded that desired return. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to more than one year. In a standard "swap" transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of returns) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments. The gross returns to be exchanged or "swapped" between the parties are calculated with respect to a "notional amount," i.e., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign currency, or in a "basket" of securities representing a particular index. The "notional amount" of the swap agreement is only a fictive basis on which to calculate the obligations the parties to a swap agreement have agreed to exchange. The Portfolios obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the "net amount"). The Portfolios obligations under a swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owing to the Portfolio) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered by the maintenance of a segregated account consisting of cash, U.S. government securities, or other liquid securities, to avoid leveraging of the Portfolios portfolio.
Whether the Portfolios use of swap agreements enhance the Portfolios total return will depend on the Adviser's ability correctly to predict whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments. Because they are two-party contracts and may have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. Moreover, the Portfolio bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The Adviser will cause the Portfolio to enter into swap agreements only with counterparties that would be eligible for consideration as repurchase agreement counterparties under the Portfolios repurchase agreement guidelines. The swap market is a relatively new market and is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the Portfolios ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
Certain swap agreements are exempt from most provisions of the Commodity Exchange Act ("CEA") and, therefore, are not regulated as futures or commodity option transactions under the CEA, pursuant to regulations of the CFTC. To qualify for this exemption, a swap agreement must be entered into by "eligible participants," which include the following, provided the participants' total assets exceed established levels: a bank or trust company, savings association or credit union, insurance company, investment company subject to regulation under the 1940 Act, commodity pool, corporation, partnership, proprietorship, organization, trust or other entity, employee benefit plan, governmental entity, broker-dealer, futures commission merchant, natural person, or regulated foreign person. To be eligible, natural persons and most other entities must have total assets exceeding $10 million; commodity pools and employees benefit plans must have assets exceeding $5 million. In addition, an eligible swap transaction must meet three conditions. First, the swap agreement may not be part of a fungible class of agreements that are standardized as to their material economic terms. Second, the creditworthiness of parties with actual or potential obligations under the swap agreement must be a material consideration in entering into or determining the terms of the swap agreement, including pricing, cost or credit enhancement terms. Third, swap agreements may not be entered into and traded on or through a multilateral transaction execution facility.
Certain Investment Techniques and Derivatives Risk
When the Adviser uses investment techniques such as margin, leverage and short sales, and forms of financial derivatives, such as options and futures, an investment in the Portfolio may be more volatile than investments in other mutual funds. Although the intention is to use such investment techniques and derivatives to minimize risk to the Portfolio, as well as for speculative purposes, there is the possibility that improper implementation of such techniques and derivative strategies or unusual market conditions could result in significant losses to the Portfolio. Derivatives are used to limit risk in the Portfolio or to enhance investment return and have a return tied to a formula based upon an interest rate, index, price of a security, or other measurement. Derivatives involve special risks, including: (1) the risk that interest rates, securities prices and currency markets will not move in the direction that the Adviser anticipates; (2) imperfect correlation between the price of derivative instruments and movements in the prices of the securities, interest rates or currencies being hedged; (3) the fact that skills needed to use these strategies are different than those needed to select portfolio securities; (4) the possible absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular instrument and possible exchange imposed price fluctuation limits, either of which may make it difficult or impossible to close out a position when desired; (5) the risk that adverse price movements in an instrument can result in a loss substantially greater than the Portfolios initial investment in that instrument (in some cases, the potential loss in unlimited); (6) particularly in the case of privately-negotiated instruments, the risk that the counterparty will not perform its obligations, or that penalties could be incurred for positions held less than the required minimum holding period, which could leave the Portfolio worse off than if it had not entered into the position; and (7) the inability to close out certain hedged positions to avoid adverse tax consequences. In addition, the use of derivatives for non-hedging purposes (that is, to seek to increase total return) is considered a speculative practice and may present an even greater risk of loss than when used for hedging purposes.
Temporary Defensive Positions
To respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, the Portfolio may invest 100% of its total assets, without limitation, in high-quality short-term debt securities and money market instruments. The Portfolio may be invested in these instruments for extended periods, depending on the Adviser's assessment of market conditions. These short-term debt securities and money market instruments include shares of other mutual funds, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances, U.S. Government securities and repurchase agreements. While the Portfolio is in a defensive position, the opportunity to achieve its investment objective will be limited. Furthermore, to the extent that the Portfolio invests in money market mutual funds for its cash position, there will be some duplication of expenses because the Portfolio would bear its pro- rata portion of such money market funds advisory fees and operational fees. The Portfolio may also invest a substantial portion of its assets in such instruments at any time to maintain liquidity or pending selection of investments in accordance with its policies.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Portfolio has adopted the following investment restrictions that may not be changed without approval by a majority of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio which, as used in this SAI, means the vote of the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the shares of the Portfolio represented at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio are present or represented by proxy, or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio.
1.
Borrowing Money. The Portfolio will not borrow money, except: (a) from a bank, provided that immediately after such borrowing there is an asset coverage of 300% for all borrowings of the Portfolio; or (b) from a bank or other persons for temporary purposes only, provided that such temporary borrowings are in an amount not exceeding 5% of the Portfolios total assets at the time when the borrowing is made.
2.
Senior Securities. The portfolio will not issue senior securities. This limitation is not applicable to activities that may be deemed to involve the issuance or sale of a senior security by the Portfolio, provided that the Portfolios engagement in such activities is consistent with or permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder or interpretations of the SEC or its staff.
3.
Underwriting. The Portfolio will not act as underwriter of securities issued by other persons. This limitation is not applicable to the extent that, in connection with the disposition of portfolio securities (including restricted securities), the Portfolio may be deemed an underwriter under certain federal securities laws.
4.
Real Estate. The Portfolio will not purchase or sell real estate. This limitation is not applicable to investments in marketable securities that are secured by or represent interests in real estate. This limitation does not preclude the Portfolio from investing in mortgage-related securities or investing in companies engaged in the real estate business or that have a significant portion of their assets in real estate (including real estate investment trusts).
5.
Commodities. The Portfolio will not purchase or sell commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other investments. This limitation does not preclude the Portfolio from purchasing or selling options or futures contracts, from investing in securities or other instruments backed by commodities or from investing in companies, which are engaged in a commodities business or have a significant portion of their assets in commodities.
6.
Loans. The Portfolio will not make loans to other persons, except: (a) by loaning portfolio securities; (b) by engaging in repurchase agreements; or (c) by purchasing nonpublicly offered debt securities. For purposes of this limitation, the term loans shall not include the purchase of a portion of an issue of publicly distributed bonds, debentures or other securities.
7.
Concentration. The Portfolio will not invest 25% or more of its total assets in a particular industry or group of industries. The Portfolio will not invest 25% or more of its total assets in any investment company that so concentrates. This limitation is not applicable to investments in obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities or repurchase agreements with respect thereto.
THE FOLLOWING ARE ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS OF THE PORTFOLIO. THE FOLLOWING RESTRICTIONS ARE DESIGNATED AS NON-FUNDAMENTAL AND MAY BE CHANGED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE TRUST WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF SHAREHOLDERS.
1.
Pledging. The Portfolio will not mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or in any manner transfer, as security for indebtedness, any assets of the Portfolio except as may be necessary in connection with borrowings described in limitation (1) above. Margin deposits, security interests, liens and collateral arrangements with respect to transactions involving options, futures contracts, short sales and other permitted investments and techniques are not deemed to be a mortgage, pledge or hypothecation of assets for purposes of this limitation.
2.
Borrowing. The Portfolio will not purchase any security while borrowings representing more than one third of its total assets are outstanding.
3.
Margin Purchases. The Portfolio will not purchase securities or evidences of interest thereon on margin. This limitation is not applicable to short-term credit obtained by the Portfolio for the clearance of purchases and sales or redemption of securities, or to arrangements with respect to transactions involving options, futures contracts, short sales and other permitted investment techniques.
4.
Illiquid Investments. The Portfolio will not invest 15% or more of its net assets in securities for which there are legal or contractual restrictions on resale and other illiquid securities. If, through a change in values, net assets or other circumstances, the Portfolio was in a position where more than 15% of its net assets was invested in illiquid securities, it would seek to take appropriate steps to protect liquidity.
5. ETF Instruments. The Fund has adopted a policy to invest at least 80% of its assets (defined as net assets plus the amount of any borrowing for investment purposes) in ETF instruments, as defined in the then current Prospectus. Shareholders of the Fund will be provided with at least 60 days prior notice of any change in the Funds policy. The notice will be provided in a separate written document containing the following, or similar, statement, in boldface type: Important Notice Regarding Change in Investment Policy. The statement will also appear on the envelope in which the notice is delivered, unless the notice is delivered separately from other communications to the shareholder.
If a restriction on the Portfolios investments is adhered to at the time an investment is made, a subsequent change in the percentage of the Portfolios assets invested in certain securities or other instruments, or change in average duration of the Portfolios investment portfolio, resulting from changes in the value of the Portfolios total assets, will not be considered a violation of the restriction; provided, however, that the asset coverage requirement applicable to borrowings shall be maintained in the manner contemplated by applicable law.
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that govern the disclosure of the Portfolios portfolio holdings. These policies and procedures are designed to ensure that such disclosure is in the best interests of the Portfolios shareholders.
It is the Trusts policy to: (1) ensure that any disclosure of portfolio holdings information is in the best interest of Trust shareholders; (2) protect the confidentiality of portfolio holdings information; (3) have procedures in place to guard against personal trading based on the information; and (4) ensure that the disclosure of portfolio holdings information does not create conflicts between the interests of the Trusts shareholders and those of the Trusts affiliates.
The Portfolio discloses its portfolio holdings by mailing its annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders approximately two months after the end of the fiscal year and semi-annual period. In addition, the Portfolio will disclose its portfolio holdings reports on Forms N-CSR and Form N-Q approximately two months after the end of each quarter/semi-annual period.
The Portfolio may choose to make portfolio holdings information available to rating agencies such as Lipper, Morningstar or Bloomberg more frequently on a confidential basis.
Under limited circumstances, as described below, the Portfolios holdings may be disclosed to, or known by, certain third parties in advance of their filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form N-CSR or Form N-Q. In each case, a determination has been made that such advance disclosure is supported by a legitimate business purpose and that the recipient is subject to a duty to keep the information confidential.
·
The Adviser. Personnel of the Adviser, including personnel responsible for managing the Portfolios investment portfolio, may have full daily access to the Portfolios investment holdings since that information is necessary in order for the Adviser to provide its management, administrative, and investment services to the Portfolio. As required for purposes of analyzing the impact of existing and future market changes on the prices, availability, demand and liquidity of such securities, as well as for the assistance of portfolio managers in the trading of such securities, the Adviser's personnel may also release and discuss certain portfolio holdings with various broker-dealers.
·
Gemini Fund Services, LLC is the transfer agent, fund accountant and administrator for the Portfolio; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the Portfolios holdings since that information is necessary in order for it to provide the agreed-upon services for the Trust.
·
Union Bank, National Association is the custodian for the Portfolio; therefore, its personnel have full daily access to the Portfolios holdings since that information is necessary in order for it to provide the agreed-upon services for the Portfolio.
·
Cohen Fund Audit Services, Ltd. is the Portfolios independent registered public accounting firm; therefore, its personnel have access to the Portfolios holdings in connection with auditing of the Portfolios annual financial statements and providing assistance and consultation in connection with SEC filings.
·
Thompson Hine LLP is counsel to the Portfolio; therefore, its personnel have access to the Portfolios holdings in connection with the review of the Portfolios annual and semi-annual shareholder reports and SEC filings.
Additions to List of Approved Recipients. The Portfolios Chief Compliance Officer is the person responsible, and whose prior approval is required, for any disclosure of the Portfolios portfolio securities at any time or to any persons other than those described above. In such cases, the recipient must have a legitimate business need for the information and must be subject to a duty to keep the information confidential. There are no ongoing arrangements in place with respect to the disclosure of portfolio holdings. In no event shall the Portfolio, the Adviser, or any other party receive any direct or indirect compensation in connection with the disclosure of information about the Portfolios portfolio holdings.
Compliance With Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Procedures. The Portfolios Chief Compliance Officer will report periodically to the Board with respect to compliance with the Portfolio's portfolio holdings disclosure procedures, and from time to time will provide the Board any updates to the portfolio holdings disclosure policies and procedures.
There is no assurance that the Trusts policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings will protect the Portfolio from the potential misuse of holdings information by individuals or firms in possession of that information.
MANAGEMENT
The business of the Trust is managed under the direction of the Board in accordance with the Agreement and Declaration of Trust and the Trusts By-laws (the Governing Documents), which have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Board consists of five (5) individuals, four (4) of whom are not interested persons (as defined under the 1940 Act) of the Trust or the Adviser (Independent Trustees). Pursuant to the Governing Documents of the Trust, the Trustees shall elect officers including a President, a Secretary, a Treasurer, a Principal Executive Officer and a Principal Accounting Officer. The Board retains the power to conduct, operate and carry on the business of the Trust and has the power to incur and pay any expenses, which, in the opinion of the Board, are necessary or incidental to carry out any of the Trusts purposes. The Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust, when acting in such capacities, shall not be subject to any personal liability except for his or her own bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his or her duties.
Board Leadership Structure
The Trust is led by Mr. Michael Miola, who has served as the Chairman of the Board since the Trust was organized in 2005. Mr. Miola is an interested person by virtue of his indirect controlling interest in Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (the Trusts distributor for the majority of the series of the Trust). The Board of Trustees is comprised of Mr. Miola and four (4) Independent Trustees. The Independent Trustees have selected Mr. Anthony J. Hertl as Lead Independent Trustee. Additionally, under certain 1940 Act governance guidelines that apply to the Trust, the Independent Trustees will meet in executive session, at least quarterly. Under the Trusts Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-Laws, the Chairman of the Board is responsible for (a) presiding at board meetings, (b) calling special meetings on an as-needed basis, (c) execution and administration of Trust policies including (i) setting the agendas for board meetings and (ii) providing information to board members in advance of each board meeting and between board meetings. Generally, the Trust believes it best to have a non-executive Chairman of the Board, who together with the President (principal executive officer), are seen by our shareholders, business partners and other stakeholders as providing strong leadership. The Trust believes that its Chairman, the independent chair of the Audit Committee, the Independent Lead Trustee, and, as an entity, the full Board of Trustees, provide effective leadership that is in the best interests of the Trust, its Funds and each shareholder.
Board Risk Oversight
The Board of Trustees is comprised of Mr. Miola and four (4) Independent Trustees with a standing independent Audit Committee with a separate chair. The Board is responsible for overseeing risk management, and the full Board regularly engages in discussions of risk management and receives compliance reports that inform its oversight of risk management from its Chief Compliance Officer at quarterly meetings and on an ad hoc basis, when and if necessary. The Audit Committee considers financial and reporting risk within its area of responsibilities. Generally, the Board believes that its oversight of material risks is adequately maintained through the compliance-reporting chain where the Chief Compliance Officer is the primary recipient and communicator of such risk-related information.
Trustee Qualifications.
Generally, the Trust believes that each Trustee is competent to serve because of their individual overall merits including: (i) experience, (ii) qualifications, (iii) attributes and (iv) skills. Mr. Miola has over 20 years of business experience in the investment management and brokerage business, serves as a member of another mutual fund board outside of the Fund Complex and possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate based on his years of service to this Board and another fund board. Mr. Gary W. Lanzen has over 20 years of business experience in the financial services industry, holds a Masters in Education Administration degree, is a Certified Financial Planner ("CFP") and serves as a member of another mutual fund board outside of the Fund Complex and possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate based on his years of service to this Board and another fund board. Mr. L. Merill Bryan has over 40 years of business experience in the transportation field, serving as an executive with Union Pacific Corporation, holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Management, serves as a member of another mutual fund board outside of the Fund Complex and possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate based on his years of service to this Board and another fund board. Mr. Anthony J. Hertl has over 20 years of business experience in financial services industry and related fields including serving as chair of the finance committee for the Borough of Interlaken, New Jersey and Vice President-Finance and Administration of Marymount College, holds a holds Certified Public Accountant designation and serves as a member of 4 other mutual fund boards outside of the Fund Complex and possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate based on his years of service to this Board and other fund boards. Mark H. Taylor, Ph.D., CPA, CFE, has over two decades of academic experience in the accounting and auditing areas, has a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Accounting, holds Certified Public Accountant and Certified Fraud Examiner designations, is Professor of Accountancy at the Weatherhead School of Management at Case Western Reserve University, serves as a member of another mutual fund board outside of the Fund Complex, currently serves on the AICPA Auditing Standards Board, and like the other Board members, also possesses a strong understanding of the regulatory framework under which investment companies must operate based on his years of service to this Board and another fund board. The Trust does not believe any one factor is determinative in assessing a Trustees qualifications, but that the collective experience of each Trustee makes them each highly qualified.
Following is a list of the Trustees and executive officers of the Trust and their principal occupation over the last five years. Unless otherwise noted, the address of each Trustee and Officer is 4020 South 147th Street, Suite 2, Omaha, Nebraska 68137.
Independent Trustees
Name, Address and Age |
Position/Term of Office* |
Principal Occupation During the Past Five Years |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex** Overseen by Trustee |
Other Directorships held by Trustee During the Past Five Years |
L. Merill Bryan Age: 66 |
Trustee Since 2005 |
Retired. Formerly, Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer of Union Pacific Corporation (a railroad company) (1966-2005). |
85 |
AdvisorOne Funds (10 portfolios); Ladenburg Thalmann Alternative Strategies Fund |
Anthony J. Hertl Age: 61 |
Trustee Since 2005 |
Consultant to small and emerging businesses (since 2000). |
85 |
AdvisorOne Funds (10 portfolios); Ladenburg Thalmann Alternative Strategies Fund; Satuit Capital Management Trust; The Z-Seven Fund, Inc. (2007 May, 2010), Greenwich Advisors Trust (2007-2011) and Global Real Estate Fund |
Gary W. Lanzen Age: 57 |
Trustee Since 2005 |
Chief Investment Officer (since 2006); President, Orizon Investment Counsel, LLC (2000-2006); Partner, Orizon Group, Inc. (a financial services company) (2002-2006). |
85 |
AdvisorOne Funds (10 portfolios); Ladenburg Thalmann Alternative Strategies Fund |
Mark H. Taylor Age: 47 |
Trustee Since 2007 |
Professor, Department of Accountancy, Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University (since 2009); John P. Begley Endowed Chair in Accounting, Creighton University (2002 2009); Member Auditing Standards Board, AICPA (since 2008). |
85 |
Ladenburg Thalmann Alternative Strategies Fund; Lifetime Achievement Mutual Fund (LFTAX) (Director and Audit Committee Chairman) |
Interested Trustees and Officers
Name, Address and Age |
Position/Term of Office* |
Principal Occupation During the Past Five Years |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex ** Overseen by Trustee |
Other Directorships held by Trustee During the Past Five Years |
Michael Miola*** Age: 58 |
Trustee Since 2005 |
Co-Owner and Co-Managing Member of NorthStar Financial Services Group, LLC; Manager of Gemini Fund Services, LLC; Orion Advisor Services, LLC, CLS Investments, LLC, Gemcom, LLC and Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (since 2003). |
85 |
AdvisorOne Funds (10 portfolios); Ladenburg Thalmann Alternative Strategies Fund ; Constellation Trust Co. |
Andrew Rogers 450 Wireless Blvd. Hauppauge, NY 11788 Age: 42 |
President Since2006 |
President and Manager, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (since 2006), formerly Senior Vice President and Director of Administration (2001 - 2005); Formerly Manager, Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (2006 2008); Manager (since 2006) and President (since 2004), GemCom LLC. |
N/A |
N/A |
Kevin E. Wolf 450 Wireless Blvd. Hauppauge, NY 11788 Age: 41 |
Treasurer Since 2006 |
Director of Fund Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (since 2006); Vice President, Fund Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2004 - 2006); Vice-President, GemCom, LLC (since 2004); Senior Fund Administrator, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2001-2004). |
N/A |
N/A |
James P. Ash 450 Wireless Blvd. Hauppauge, NY 11788 Age: 34 |
Secretary Since 2011 |
Director of Legal Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (since 2009); Assistant Vice President of Legal Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2006 - 2008). |
N/A |
N/A |
Lynn Bowley Age: 52 |
Chief Compliance Officer Since 2007 |
Compliance Officer of Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (since 2007); Vice President of Investment Support Services for Mutual of Omaha Companies (2002 2006). |
N/A |
N/A |
James Colantino 450 Wireless Blvd. Hauppauge, NY 11788 Age: 41 |
Assistant Treasurer Since 2006 |
Vice President (2004 - Present); Senior Fund Administrator (1999-2004), Gemini Fund Services, LLC. |
N/A |
N/A |
Erik Naviloff 450 Wireless Blvd. Hauppauge, NY 11788 Age: 42 |
Assistant Treasurer Since 2009 |
Assistant Vice President, Gemini Fund Services, LLC, since 2007; Senior Accounting Manager, Fixed Income, Dreyfus Corporation, 2002 to 2007. |
N/A |
N/A |
Richard Gleason 450 Wireless Blvd. Hauppauge, NY 11788 Age: 33 |
Assistant Treasurer Since 2010 |
Manager of Fund Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (since 2008); Senior Fund Administrator, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (2005-2008). |
N/A |
N/A |
Dawn Borelli 450 Wireless Blvd. Hauppauge, NY 11788 Age: 38 |
Assistant Treasurer Since 2010 |
Assistant Vice President, Fund Administration, Gemini Fund Services, LLC (since 2010), Assistant Vice President, Global Fund Administration, Legg Mason & Co. LLC (2003 2010). |
N/A |
N/A |
* The term of office for each Trustee and officer listed above will continue indefinitely.
** The term Fund Complex refers to the Northern Lights Fund Trust and the Northern Lights Variable Trust.
*** Michael Miola is an interested person of the Trust as that term is defined under the 1940 Act, because of his affiliation with Gemini Fund Services, LLC, (the Trusts Administrator, Fund Accountant, Transfer Agent) and Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (the Funds Distributor).
Board Committees
Audit Committee
The Board has an Audit Committee that consists of all the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust within the meaning of the 1940 Act. The Audit Committees responsibilities include: (i) recommending to the Board the selection, retention or termination of the Trusts independent auditors; (ii) reviewing with the independent auditors the scope, performance and anticipated cost of their audit; (iii) discussing with the independent auditors certain matters relating to the Trusts financial statements, including any adjustment to such financial statements recommended by such independent auditors, or any other results of any audit; (iv) reviewing on a periodic basis a formal written statement from the independent auditors with respect to their independence, discussing with the independent auditors any relationships or services disclosed in the statement that may impact the objectivity and independence of the Trusts independent auditors and recommending that the Board take appropriate action in response thereto to satisfy itself of the auditors independence; and (v) considering the comments of the independent auditors and managements responses thereto with respect to the quality and adequacy of the Trusts accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and internal controls. The Audit committee operates pursuant to an Audit Committee Charter. The Audit Committee is also responsible for seeking and reviewing nominee candidates for consideration as Independent Trustees as is from time to time considered necessary or appropriate. The Audit Committee generally will not consider shareholder nominees. The Audit Committee is also responsible for reviewing and setting Independent Trustee compensation from time to time when considered necessary or appropriate. During the past fiscal year, the Audit Committee held eleven meetings.
Compensation
Each Trustee who is not affiliated with the Trust or Adviser received a quarterly fee of $1 2, 5 00, as well as reimbursement for any reasonable expenses incurred attending the meetings. The Audit Committee Chairman receives $2,000 additional annual fee. The table below details the amount of compensation the Trustees received from the Trust during the year ended January 31, 201 1. The Trust does not have a bonus, profit sharing, pension or retirement plan.
Name and Position | Aggregate Compensation From Trust ** | Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses | Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement | Total Compensation From Trust and Fund Complex*** Paid to Directors |
L. Merrill Bryan | $47,500 | None | None | $57,500 |
Anthony J. Hertl | $55,500 | None | None | $67,500 |
Gary Lanzen | $47,500 | None | None | $57,500 |
Mark H. Taylor | $47,500 | None | None | $57,500 |
Michael Miola* | None | None | None | None |
_______________
* This Trustee is deemed to be an interested person as defined in the 1940 Act as a result of his affiliation with Gemini Fund Services, LLC (the Trusts Administrator, Transfer Agent and Fund Accountant) and Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (the Funds Distributor) and Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (the Trusts compliance service provider).
** There are currently multiple series comprising the Trust. Trustees fees are allocated equally to the Funds in the Trust.
*** The term Fund Complex refers to the Northern Lights Fund Trust and the Northern Lights Variable Trust.
Trustee Ownership
The following table indicates the dollar range of equity securities that each Trustee beneficially owned in the Trust as of December 31, 2010.
Name of Trustee | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Portfolio | Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies |
L. Merill Bryan | None | None |
Anthony J. Hertl | None | None |
Gary Lanzen | None | None |
Michael Miola* | None | None |
Mark Taylor | None | None |
* This Trustee is deemed to be an interested person as defined in the 1940 Act as a result of his affiliation with Gemini Fund Services, LLC (the Trusts Administrator, Transfer Agent and Fund Accountant) and Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (the Trusts compliance service provider).
Management Ownership
Because there were no shares outstanding as of the date of this SAI, the Trustees and officers, as a group, owned 0.00% of the Funds outstanding shares.
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio. A control person is one who owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of a company or acknowledged the existence of control. As of the date of this SAI, there were no principal or control shareholders as there were no shares of the Fund outstanding.
INVESTMENT ADVISER
Investment Adviser and Advisory Agreement
The Adviser of the Portfolio is Astor Asset Management, LLC (the Adviser), located at 111 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 3910, Chicago, IL 60606. Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, on behalf of the Portfolio (the Advisory Agreement), the Adviser, subject to the supervision of the Board of the Trust, and in conformity with the stated policies of the Portfolio, manages the operations of the Portfolio.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser, under the supervision of the Board, agrees to invest the assets of the Portfolio in accordance with applicable law and the investment objective, policies and restrictions set forth in the Portfolios current Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information, and subject to such further limitations as the Trust may from time to time impose by written notice to the Adviser. The Adviser shall act as the investment advisor to the Portfolio and, as such shall (i) obtain and evaluate such information relating to the economy, industries, business, securities markets and securities as it may deem necessary or useful in discharging its responsibilities here under, (ii) formulate a continuing program for the investment of the assets of the Portfolio in a manner consistent with its investment objective, policies and restrictions, and (iii) determine from time to time securities to be purchased, sold, retained or lent by the Portfolio, and implement those decisions, including the selection of entities with or through which such purchases, sales or loans are to be effected; provided, that the Adviser will place orders pursuant to its investment determinations either directly with the issuer or with a broker or dealer, and if with a broker or dealer, (a) will attempt to obtain the best price and execution of its orders, and (b) may nevertheless in its discretion purchase and sell portfolio securities from and to brokers who provide the Adviser with research, analysis, advice and similar services and pay such brokers in return a higher commission or spread than may be charged by other brokers. The Adviser also provides the Portfolio with all necessary office facilities and personnel for servicing the Portfolios investments compensates all officers, Trustees and employees of the Trust who are officers, directors or employees of the Adviser, and all personnel of the Portfolio or the Adviser performing services relating to research, statistical and investment activities.
In addition, the Adviser, subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, provides the management and administrative services necessary for the operation of the Portfolio. These services include providing facilities for maintaining the Trusts organization; supervising relations with custodians, transfer and pricing agents, accountants, underwriters and other persons dealing with the Portfolio; preparing all general shareholder communications and conducting shareholder relations; maintaining the Portfolios records and the registration of the Portfolios shares under federal securities laws and making necessary filings under state securities laws; developing management and shareholder services for the Portfolio; and furnishing reports, evaluations and analyses on a variety of subjects to the Trustees.
The following table sets forth the annual management fee rate payable by the Portfolio to the Adviser pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, expressed as a percentage of the Portfolios average daily net assets, computed daily and payable monthly:
PORTFOLIO | TOTAL |
Astor Long/Short ETF Portfolio | 1.00% |
The Adviser has entered into an expense limitation agreement with each Fund to reduce its fees and to reimburse expenses, at least until November 30, 2012, to Net Annual Fund Operating Expenses (exclusive of any taxes, leverage interest, brokerage commissions, expenses incurred in connection with any merger or reorganization, dividend expense on securities sold short, underlying fund fees and expenses or extraordinary expenses such as litigation) will not exceed 1.74 % for Class 1 shares, 1.99 % for Class 2 shares, subject to possible recoupment from the Fund in future years on a rolling three year basis (within the three years after the fees have been waived or reimbursed) if such recoupment can be achieved within the foregoing expense limits.
Fund | Fee Cap | Contractual Period |
Astor Long/Short ETF Portfolio |
|
|
Class 1 | 1.74 % | November 30, 2012 |
Class 2 | 1.99 % | November 30, 2012 |
Expenses not expressly assumed by the Adviser under the Advisory Agreement are paid by the Trust. Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Portfolio are responsible for the payment of the following expenses among others: (a) the fees payable to the Adviser, (b) the fees and expenses of Trustees who are not affiliated persons of the Adviser (c) the fees and certain expenses of the Custodian (as defined under the section entitled Custodian) and Transfer and Dividend Disbursing Agent (as defined under the section entitled Transfer Agent), including the cost of maintaining certain required records of the Portfolio and of pricing the Portfolios shares, (d) the charges and expenses of legal counsel and independent accountants for the Portfolio, (e) brokerage commissions and any issue or transfer taxes chargeable to the Portfolio in connection with its securities transactions, (f) all taxes and corporate fees payable by the Portfolio to governmental agencies, (g) the fees of any trade association of which the Trust may be a member, (h) the cost of share certificates representing shares of the Portfolio, (i) the cost of fidelity and liability insurance, (j) the fees and expenses involved in registering and maintaining registration of the Portfolio and of its shares with the SEC, qualifying its shares under state securities laws, including the preparation and printing of the Portfolios registration statements and prospectuses for such purposes, (k) all expenses of shareholders and Trustees meetings (including travel expenses of trustees and officers of the Portfolio who are directors, officers or employees of the Adviser) and of preparing, printing and mailing reports, proxy statements and prospectuses to shareholders in the amount necessary for distribution to the shareholders and (l) litigation and indemnification expenses and other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Portfolios business.
The Advisory Agreement will continue in effect for two (2) years initially and thereafter shall continue from year to year provided such continuance is approved at least annually by (a) a vote of the majority of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting specifically called for the purpose of voting on such approval and by (b) the majority vote of either all of the Trustees or the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of each Fund. The Advisory Agreement may be terminated without penalty on 60 days written notice by a vote of a majority of the Trustees or by the Advisor, or by holders of a majority of that Trusts outstanding shares. The Advisory Agreement shall terminate automatically in the event of its assignment.
Codes of Ethics
The Trust, Adviser, and distributor each have adopted codes of ethics (the Code) under Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act that governs the personal securities transactions of their board members, officers and employees who may have access to current trading information of the Trust. Under the Code adopted by the Trust, the Trustees are permitted to invest in securities that may also be purchased by the Portfolio.
In addition, the Code which applies only to the Trusts executive officers to ensure that these officers promote professional conduct in the practice of corporate governance and management. The purpose behind these guidelines is to promote i) honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships; ii) full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that a registrant files with, or submits to, the Securities and Exchange Commission and in other public communications made by the Portfolio; iii) compliance with applicable governmental laws, rule and regulations; iv) the prompt internal reporting of violations of this Code to an appropriate person or persons identified in the Code; and v) accountability for adherence to the Code.
Proxy Voting Policies
The Board has adopted Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (Policies) on behalf of the Trust, which delegate the responsibility for voting proxies to the Adviser, subject to the Boards continuing oversight. The Policies require that the Adviser vote proxies received in a manner consistent with the best interests of the Portfolio and its shareholders. The Policies also require the Adviser to present to the Board, at least annually, the Advisers Proxy Policies and a record of each proxy voted by the Adviser on behalf of the Portfolio, including a report on the resolution of all proxies identified by the Adviser as involving a conflict of interest. A copy of the Adviser's proxy voting policies is attached hereto as Appendix B.
More information. Information regarding how the Portfolio voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling the Portfolio at 1-877-738-0333 and (2) on the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commissions website at http://www.sec.gov and will be sent within three business days of receipt of a request.
DISTRIBUTION AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICES PLAN
Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (the "Distributor") located at 4020 South 147 th Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68137 serves as the principal underwriter and national distributor for the shares of the Trust pursuant to an Underwriting Agreement with the Trust (the "Underwriting Agreement"). The Distributor is registered as a broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and each state's securities laws and is a member of Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA"). The offering of the Portfolio's shares are continuous. The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Distributor, as agent in connection with the distribution of Portfolio shares, will use its best efforts to distribute the Portfolio's shares.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that, unless sooner terminated, it will continue in effect for two years initially and thereafter shall continue from year to year, subject to annual approval by (a) the Board or a vote of a majority of the outstanding shares, and (b) by a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust or of the Distributor by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
The Underwriting Agreement may be terminated by the Portfolio at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the entire Board of the Trust or by vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio on 60 days' written notice to the Distributor, or by the Distributor at any time, without the payment of any penalty, on 60 days' written notice to the Portfolio. The Underwriting Agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment.
Pursuant to a Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the Plan) approved on March 23, 2011 by the Board of Trustees, the Portfolio are authorized to pay the participating insurance company and other intermediaries, compensation for distribution and shareholder services. The Plan permits the Portfolio to pay compensation for account maintenance, shareholder services, distribution, sales and promotional activities at the annual rate of up to 0.25 % for Class 2 shares of the Portfolios average net assets attributable to the relevant class. Such fees are to be paid by the Portfolio monthly, or at such other intervals as the Board shall determine. Such fees shall be based upon the Portfolios average daily net assets during the preceding month, and shall be calculated and accrued daily. The participating insurance company and other intermediaries shall use such fee, among other things, to pay interest and principal where such payments have been financed.
The Trust is required to provide a written report, at least quarterly to the Board of Trustees of the Trust, specifying in reasonable detail the amounts expended pursuant to the Plan and the purposes for which such expenditures were made.
The initial term of the Plan is one year and it will continue in effect from year to year thereafter, provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust and a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust and do not have a direct or indirect financial interest in the Plan (Rule 12b-1 Trustees) by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan. The Plan may be terminated at any time by the Trust or the Portfolio by vote of a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting shares of the Portfolio. The Plan will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount paid by the Portfolio, unless such amendment is approved by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio (as defined in the 1940 Act). All material amendments must be approved by a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust and a majority of the Rule 12b- 1 Trustees by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan. During the term of the Plan, the selection and nomination of non-interested Trustees of the Trust will be committed to the discretion of current non-interested Trustees. The Trust will preserve copies of the Plan, any related agreements, and all reports, for a period of not less than six years from the date of such document and for at least the first two years in an easily accessible place.
Any agreement related to the Plan will be in writing and provide that: (a) it may be terminated by the Trust or the Portfolio at any time upon sixty days written notice, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the respective Rule 12b-1 Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust or the Portfolio; (b) it will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act); and (c) it will continue in effect for a period of more than one year from the date of its execution or adoption only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a majority of the Board and a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees by votes cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such agreement.
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
The following table lists the number and types of accounts managed by each Portfolio Manager in addition to those of the Fund and assets under management in those accounts as of April 30, 2011 :
Total Other Accounts Managed
Portfolio Manager | Registered Investment Company Accounts |
| Pooled |
|
| Assets Managed |
Robert Stein | 1 | $36 | N/A | 0 | 4,673 | $994 |
Bryan Novak | 1 | $36 | N/A | 0 | 4,673 | $994 |
John Eckstein | 1 | $36 | N/A | 0 | 4,673 | $994 |
Other Accounts Managed Subject to Performance-Based Fees
Portfolio Manager | Registered Investment Company Accounts |
| Pooled |
|
| Assets Managed |
Robert Stein | N/A | 0 | N/A | 0 | N/A | 0 |
Bryan Novak | N/A | 0 | N/A | 0 | N/A | 0 |
John Eckstein | N/A | 0 | N/A | 0 | N/A | 0 |
Conflicts of Interest
The Adviser has not identified any material conflicts between the Portfolio and other accounts managed by the Adviser and portfolio managers. However, actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the day-to-day management of the Portfolio and other accounts because the portfolio managers manage other accounts. The management of the Portfolio and other accounts may result in unequal time and attention being devoted to the Portfolio and other accounts. Another potential conflict of interest may arise where another account has the same investment objective as the Portfolio, whereby the portfolio managers could favor one account over another. Further, a potential conflict could include the portfolio managers' knowledge about the size, timing and possible market impact of Portfolios trades, whereby they could use this information to the advantage of other accounts and to the disadvantage of the Portfolio. These potential conflicts of interest could create the appearance that the portfolio managers are favoring one investment vehicle over another.
Compensation.
Messrs. Stein, Novak and Eckstein receive a fixed salary and performance-based bonus.
Ownership.
The following table shows the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by the portfolio managers in the Funds as of April 30, 2011.
Name of Portfolio Manger | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund |
Robert Stein | 0 |
Bryan Novak | 0 |
John Eckstein | 0 |
ALLOCATION OF PORTFOLIO BROKERAGE
Specific decisions to purchase or sell securities for the Portfolio are made by the portfolio managers who are employed by the Adviser. The Adviser is authorized by the Trustees to allocate the orders placed by it on behalf of the Portfolio to brokers or dealers who may, but need not, provide research or statistical material or other services to the Portfolio or the Adviser for the Portfolios use. Such allocation is to be in such amounts and proportions as the Adviser may determine.
In selecting a broker or dealer to execute each particular transaction, the Adviser will take the following into consideration:
·
the best net price available;
·
the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker or dealer;
·
the size of and difficulty in executing the order; and
·
the value of the expected contribution of the broker or dealer to the investment performance of the Portfolio on a continuing basis.
Brokers or dealers executing a portfolio transaction on behalf of the Portfolio may receive a commission in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for executing the transaction if the Adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of brokerage, research and other services provided to the Portfolio. In allocating portfolio brokerage, the Adviser may select brokers or dealers who also provide brokerage, research and other services to other accounts over which the Adviser exercises investment discretion. Some of the services received as the result of Portfolio transactions may primarily benefit accounts other than the Portfolios, while services received as the result of portfolio transactions effected on behalf of those other accounts may primarily benefit the Portfolio.
Specific decisions to purchase or sell futures contracts for the Portfolio are made by the portfolio managers. The Adviser is authorized by the Trustees to allocate the orders placed by it on behalf of the Portfolio to brokers or dealers who may, but need not, provide research or statistical material or other services to the Portfolio or the Adviser for the Portfolios use. Such allocation is to be in such amounts and proportions as the Adviser may determine.
In selecting a broker or dealer to execute each particular transaction, the Adviser will take the following into consideration:
·
the best net price available;
·
the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker or dealer;
·
the size of and difficulty in executing the order; and
·
the value of the expected contribution of the broker or dealer to the investment performance of the Portfolio on a continuing basis.
Brokers or dealers executing a portfolio transaction on behalf of the Portfolio may receive a commission in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for executing the transaction if the Adviser determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the value of brokerage, research and other services provided to the Portfolio. In allocating portfolio brokerage, the Adviser may select brokers or dealers who also provide brokerage, research and other services to other accounts over which the Adviser exercises investment discretion. Some of the services received as the result of Portfolio transactions may primarily benefit accounts other than the Portfolios, while services received as the result of portfolio transactions effected on behalf of those other accounts may primarily benefit the Portfolio.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
The Portfolios portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the Portfolio during the fiscal year. The calculation excludes from both the numerator and the denominator securities with maturities at the time of acquisition of one year or less. High portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, which will be borne directly by the Portfolio. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all of the Portfolios portfolio securities were replaced once within a one-year period. The Portfolio anticipates turnover rates of approximately 80 %.
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
Administration
The Administrator for the Portfolio is Gemini Fund Services, LLC, (GFS), which has its principal office at 450 Wireless Boulevard, Hauppauge, New York 11788, and is primarily in the business of providing administrative, fund accounting and transfer agent services to retail and institutional mutual funds. GFS is an affiliate of the Distributor.
Pursuant to an Administration Service Agreement with the Portfolio, GFS provides administrative services to the Portfolio, subject to the supervision of the Board. GFS may provide persons to serve as officers of the Portfolio. Such officers may be directors, officers or employees of GFS or its affiliates.
The Administration Service Agreement was initially approved by the Board at a meeting held on March 23, 2011. The Agreement shall remain in effect for three years from the date of its initial approval, and subject to annual approval of the Board for one-year periods thereafter. The Administration Service Agreement is terminable by the Board or GFS on ninety days written notice and may be assigned provided the non-assigning party provides prior written consent. This Agreement provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of GFS or reckless disregard of its obligations thereunder, GFS shall not be liable for any action or failure to act in accordance with its duties thereunder.
Under the Administration Service Agreement, GFS provides facilitating administrative services, including: (i) providing services of persons competent to perform such administrative and clerical functions as are necessary to provide effective administration of the Portfolio; (ii) facilitating the performance of administrative and professional services to the Portfolio by others, including the Portfolios Custodian; (iii) preparing, but not paying for, the periodic updating of the Portfolios Registration Statement, Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information in conjunction with Trust counsel, including the printing of such documents for the purpose of filings with the SEC and state securities administrators, and preparing reports to the Portfolios shareholders and the SEC; (iv) preparing in conjunction with Trust counsel, but not paying for, all filings under the securities or Blue Sky laws of such states or countries as are designated by the Adviser, which may be required to register or qualify, or continue the registration or qualification, of the Portfolio and/or its shares under such laws; (v) preparing notices and agendas for meetings of the Board and minutes of such meetings in all matters required by the 1940 Act to be acted upon by the Board; and (vi) monitoring daily and periodic compliance with respect to all requirements and restrictions of the 1940 Act, the Internal Revenue Code and the Prospectuses.
For the services rendered to the Fund, during its first year of operations, by GFS, the Fund pays GFS a fund administration fee equal to the greater of $35,000 minimum or 0.10% on the first $100 million of net assets, 0.08% on the next $150 million of net assets and 0.06% on net assets greater than $250 million. The Fund also pays GFS for any out-of-pocket expenses.
Fund Accounting
The Administrator, pursuant to the Fund Accounting Service Agreement, provides the Funds with accounting services, including: (i) daily computation of net asset value; (ii) maintenance of security ledgers and books and records as required by the 1940 Act; (iii) production of each Fund's listing of portfolio securities and general ledger reports; (iv) reconciliation of accounting records; (v) calculation of yield and total return for the Funds; (vi) maintaining certain books and records described in Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act, and reconciling account information and balances among the Funds custodian or Adviser; and (vii) monitoring and evaluating daily income and expense accruals, and sales and redemptions of shares of the Funds.
For the services rendered to the Fund by the Fund Accounting Service Agreement, the Fund pays GFS, during its first year of operations, an annual fee of $25,000 per fund portfolio, plus, after the first year, $6,000 for each additional share class above one, plus, $6,000 for bond fund charges, plus; 0.02% on net assets of $25 million to $100 million and 0.01% on net assets greater than $100 million. Discounts are based on service fee minimums only. The Fund also pays GFS for any out-of-pocket expenses.
Transfer Agent
GFS, 4020 South 147th Street, Suite 2, Omaha, NE 68137, acts as transfer, dividend disbursing, and shareholder servicing agent for the Funds pursuant to a written agreement with the Funds. Under the agreement, GFS is responsible for administering and performing transfer agent functions, dividend distribution, shareholder administration, and maintaining necessary records in accordance with applicable rules and regulations. For the services rendered to the Funds, during its first year of operations, the Funds pays GFS an annual fee equal to the greater of $18,000 per share class or $16 per account per share class. The Fund also pays GFS for any out-of-pocket expenses.
Custodian
Union Bank, National Association, (the Custodian), 350 California Street, 6th Floor, San Francisco, California 94104 serves as the custodian of the Portfolios assets pursuant to a Custody Agreement by and between the Custodian and the Trust on behalf of the Portfolio. The Custodians responsibilities include safeguarding and controlling the Portfolios cash and securities, handling the receipt and delivery of securities, and collecting interest and dividends on the Portfolios investments. Pursuant to the Custody Agreement, the Custodian also maintains original entry documents and books of record and general ledgers; posts cash receipts and disbursements; and records purchases and sales based upon communications from the Adviser. The Portfolio may employ foreign sub-custodians that are approved by the Board to hold foreign assets.
Compliance Services
Northern Lights Compliance Services, LLC (NLCS), 4020 South 147th Street, Omaha, NE 68137, an affiliate of GFS, provides a Chief Compliance Officer to the Trust as well as related compliance services pursuant to a consulting agreement between NLCS and the Trust.
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
Each share of beneficial interest of the Trust has one vote in the election of Trustees. Cumulative voting is not authorized for the Trust. This means that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Trustees can elect 100% of the Trustees if they choose to do so, and, in that event, the holders of the remaining shares will be unable to elect any Trustees.
Shareholders of the Trust and any other future series of the Trust will vote in the aggregate and not by series except as otherwise required by law or when the Board determines that the matter to be voted upon affects only the interest of the shareholders of a particular series. Matters such as ratification of the independent public accountants and election of Trustees are not subject to separate voting requirements and may be acted upon by shareholders of the Trust voting without regard to series.
The Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest. Each share has equal dividend, distribution and liquidation rights. There are no conversion or preemptive rights applicable to any shares of the Portfolio. All shares issued are fully paid and non-assessable.
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING PROGRAM
The Trust has established an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program (the Program) as required by Section 352 the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act). To ensure compliance with this law, the Trusts Program is written and has been approved by the Portfolios Board of Trustees. The Program provides for the development of policies, procedures and internal controls reasonably designed to prevent money laundering, the designation of an anti-money laundering compliance officer who is responsible for implementing and monitoring the Program, ongoing anti-money laundering training for appropriate persons and an independent audit function to determine the effectiveness of the Program. The Trusts secretary serves as its Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer.
Procedures to implement the Program include, but are not limited to, determining that the Transfer Agent and the participating insurance company and other intermediaries have established reasonable anti-money laundering procedures, have reported suspicious and/or fraudulent activity and have completed thorough reviews of all new opening account applications. The Trust will not transact business with any person or entity whose identity cannot be adequately verified under the provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act.
As a result of the Program, the Trust may be required to freeze the account of a shareholder if the shareholder appears to be involved in suspicious activity or if certain account information matches information on government lists of known terrorists or other suspicious persons, or the Trust may be required to transfer the account or proceeds of the account to a governmental agency.
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND
PRICING OF SHARES
Calculation of Share Price
As indicated in the Prospectus under the heading "How Shares are Priced," the net asset value ("NAV") of the Portfolios shares is determined by dividing the total value of the Portfolio's investments and other assets, less any liabilities, by the total number of shares outstanding of the Portfolio.
For purposes of calculating the NAV, portfolio securities and other assets for which market quotes are available are stated at market value. Market value is generally determined on the basis of last reported sales prices, or if no sales are reported, based on quotes obtained from a quotation reporting system, established market makers, or pricing services. Securities primarily traded in the NASDAQ National Market System for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued using the NASDAQ Official Closing Price (NOCP). If the NOCP is not available, such securities shall be valued at the last sale price on the day of valuation, or if there has been no sale on such day, at the last bid price. Certain securities or investments for which daily market quotes are not readily available may be valued, pursuant to guidelines established by the Board, with reference to other securities or indices. Short-term investments having a maturity of 60 days or less are generally valued at amortized cost. Exchange traded options; futures and options on futures are valued at the settlement price determined by the exchange. Other securities for which market quotes are not readily available are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Board or persons acting at their direction.
Investments initially valued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted to U.S. dollars using exchange rates obtained from pricing services. As a result, the NAV of the Portfolios shares may be affected by changes in the value of currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar. The value of securities traded in markets outside the United States or denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollar may be affected significantly on a day that the New York Stock Exchange is closed and an investor is not able to purchase, redeem or exchange shares.
The Portfolios shares are valued at the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) (the "NYSE Close") on each day that the New York Stock Exchange is open. For purposes of calculating the NAV, the Portfolio normally use pricing data for domestic equity securities received shortly after the NYSE closes, usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern time (NYSE Close), and do not normally take into account trading, clearances or settlements that take place after the NYSE Close. Domestic fixed income and foreign securities are normally priced using data reflecting the earlier closing of the principal markets for those securities. Information that becomes known to the Portfolio or its agents after the NAV has been calculated on a particular day will not generally be used to retroactively adjust the price of the security or the NAV determined earlier that day.
In unusual circumstances, instead of valuing securities in the usual manner, the Portfolio may value securities at fair value or estimate their value as determined in good faith by the Board or their designees, pursuant to procedures approved by the Board. Fair valuation may also be used by the Board if extraordinary events occur after the close of the relevant market but prior to the NYSE Close.
The Trust expects that the holidays upon which the Exchange will be closed are as follows: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, President's Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
Purchase of Shares
Orders for shares received by the Portfolio in good order prior to the NYSE Close on each day that the NYSE is open for trading are priced at the NAV per share computed as of the close of the regular session of trading on the NYSE. Orders received in good order after the NYSE Close, or on a day it is not open for trading, are priced at the close of such NYSE on the next day on which it is open for trading at the next determined NAV per share.
Redemption of Shares
The Portfolio will redeem all or any portion of a shareholder's shares of the Portfolio when requested in accordance with the procedures set forth in the "Redemptions" section of the Prospectus. Under the 1940 Act, a shareholders right to redeem shares and to receive payment therefore may be suspended at times:
(a) when the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings;
(b) when trading on that exchange is restricted for any reason;
(c) when an emergency exists as a result of which disposal by the Portfolio of securities owned by it is not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably practicable for the Portfolio fairly to determine the value of its net assets, provided that applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (or any succeeding governmental authority) will govern as to whether the conditions prescribed in (b) or (c) exist; or
(d) when the SEC by order permits a suspension of the right to redemption or a postponement of the date of payment on redemption.
In case of suspension of the right of redemption, payment of a redemption request will be made based on the net asset value next determined after the termination of the suspension.
TAX STATUS
The following discussion is general in nature and should not be regarded as an exhaustive presentation of all possible tax ramifications. All shareholders should consult a qualified tax advisor regarding their investment in the Portfolio.
The Portfolio has qualified and intends to continue to qualify and has elected to be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), and intends to continue to so qualify, which requires compliance with certain requirements concerning the sources of its income, diversification of its assets, and the amount and timing of its distributions to shareholders. Such qualification does not involve supervision of management or investment practices or policies by any government agency or bureau. By so qualifying, the Portfolio should not be subject to federal income or excise tax on its net investment income or net capital gain, which are distributed to shareholders in accordance with the applicable timing requirements. Net investment income and net capital gain of the Portfolio will be computed in accordance with Section 852 of the Code.
Net investment income is made up of dividends and interest less expenses. Net capital gain for a fiscal year is computed by taking into account any capital loss carryforward of the Portfolio.
The Portfolio intends to distribute all of its net investment income, any excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses, and any excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses in accordance with the timing requirements imposed by the Code and therefore should not be required to pay any federal income or excise taxes. Distributions of net investment income and net capital gain will be made after June 30, the end of each fiscal year, and no later than December 31 of each year. Both types of distributions will be in shares of the Portfolio unless a shareholder elects to receive cash.
To be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code, the Portfolio must also (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, net income from certain publicly traded partnerships and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to the business of investing in such securities or currencies, and (b) diversify its holding so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Portfolios assets is represented by cash, U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities (for purposes of this calculation, generally limited in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the market value of the Portfolios assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer) and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other regulated investment companies) any one issuer, two or more issuers which the Portfolio controls and which are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses, or the securities of certain publicly traded partnerships.
If the Portfolio fails to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M in any fiscal year, it will be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. As such the Portfolio would be required to pay income taxes on its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any, at the rates generally applicable to corporations. Shareholders of the Portfolio generally would not be liable for income tax on the Portfolios net investment income or net realized capital gains in their individual capacities.
The Portfolio is subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on certain undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gain under a prescribed formula contained in Section 4982 of the Code. The formula requires payment to shareholders during a calendar year of distributions representing at least 98% of the Portfolios ordinary income for the calendar year and at least 98% of its capital gain net income (i.e., the excess of its capital gains over capital losses) realized during the one-year period ending October 31 during such year plus 100% of any income that was neither distributed nor taxed to the Portfolio during the preceding calendar year. Under ordinary circumstances, the Portfolio expects to time its distributions so as to avoid liability for this tax.
For a discussion of the tax consequences to holders of variable life or annuity contracts, refer to the prospectuses or other documents you received when you purchased your variable life or variable annuity contracts. Variable life or variable annuity contracts purchased through insurance company separate accounts provide for the accumulation of all earnings from interest, dividends, and capital appreciation without current federal income tax liability for the owner. Depending on the variable annuity or variable life contract, distributions from the contract may be subject to ordinary income tax and, in addition, on distributions before age 59 1/2, a 10% penalty tax. Only the portion of a distribution attributable to income on the investment in the contract is subject to federal income tax. Investors should consult with competent tax advisors for a more complete discussion of possible tax consequences in a particular situation.
Additional Diversification Requirement -- In addition to the diversification requirements applicable to all regulated investment companies discussed above, the Code imposes certain diversification standards on the underlying assets of variable life or variable annuity contracts held in the Portfolio. The Code provides that a variable annuity contract shall not be treated as an annuity contract for any period (and any subsequent period) for which the investments are not, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Treasury Department, adequately diversified. Disqualification of the variable life or variable annuity contract as such would result in immediate imposition of federal income tax on variable life or variable annuity contract owners with respect to earnings allocable to the contract. This liability would generally arise prior to the receipt of payments under the contract.
The Portfolio intends to comply, and continue to comply, with the diversification requirement imposed by section 817(h) of the Code and the regulations thereunder on insurance company segregated asset ( i.e. , separate) accounts. This requirement places certain limitations on the assets of each insurance company separate account, and, because section 817(h) and those regulations treat the assets of the Portfolio as assets of the related separate account, of the Portfolio, that may be invested in securities of a single issuer. Specifically, the regulations require that, except as permitted by the "safe harbor" described below, as of the end of each calendar quarter or within thirty days thereafter no more than 55% of the total assets of the Portfolio may be represented by any one investment, no more than 70% by any two investments, no more than 80% by any three investments and no more than 90% by any four investments. For this purpose, all securities of the same issuer are considered a single investment, and each U.S. government agency or instrumentality is considered a separate issuer. Section 817(h) provides, as a safe harbor, that a separate account will be treated as being adequately diversified if the diversification requirements are satisfied and no more than 55% of the value of the accounts total assets are cash and cash items, U.S. Government Securities and securities of other registered investment companies. Failure of the Portfolio to satisfy the section 817(h) requirements would result in taxation of the insurance company issuing the Contracts and treatment of the holders other than as described in the applicable Contract prospectus.
Treasury regulations provide that a variable annuity contract will be able to look through to the assets held by the Portfolio for the purpose of meeting the diversification test if the Portfolio meets certain requirements. The Portfolio will be managed in such a manner as to comply with the diversification requirements and to allow the variable annuity contracts to be treated as owning a proportionate share of the Portfolios assets. It is possible that in order to comply with the diversification requirements, less desirable investment decisions may be made which would affect the investment performance of the Portfolio.
The above discussion of the federal income tax treatment of the Portfolio assumes that all the insurance company accounts holding shares of the Portfolio is either segregated asset accounts underlying variable contracts as defined in Section 817(d) of the Code or the general account of an insurance company as defined in Section 816 of the Code. Additional tax consequences may apply to holders of variable contracts investing in the Portfolio if any of those contracts are not treated as annuity, endowment or life insurance contracts.
Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder realizes a loss on a disposition of the Portfolios shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (such as an insurance company holding the separate accounts referenced in this SAI), the shareholder must file with the Internal Revenue Service a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of Portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company, such as the separate accounts that own shares of the Portfolio, are not accepted. This filing requirement applies even though, as a practical matter, any such loss would not reduce the taxable income of the insurance company holding the separate accounts. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all regulated investment companies.
Shareholders should consult their tax advisors about the application of federal, state and local and foreign tax law in light of their particular situation.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Cohen Fund Audit Services, Ltd., located at 800 Westpoint Pkwy, Suite 1100, Westlake, OH, 44145 serves as the Funds independent registered public accounting firm for the current fiscal year. The firm provides services including (1) audit of annual financial statements, and (2) assistance and consultation in connection with SEC filings.
LEGAL COUNSEL
Thompson Hine LLP, 312 Walnut Street, 14th Floor Cincinnati, Ohio 45202-4089 serves as the Trust's legal counsel.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Portfolio has not yet commenced operations and, therefore, have not produced financial statements. Once produced, you can obtain a copy of the financial statements contained in the Portfolios Annual or Semi-Annual Report without charge by calling the Portfolio at 1-877-738-0333.
|
|
|
ASTOR ASSET MANAGEMENT, LLC
PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND GUIDELINES
Overview of Proxy Voting Policy
The Astor Asset Management Proxy Policy (hererin the Proxy Policy) has been adopted by Astor Asset Management (herein AAM or the firm) to establish the practices by which Astor fulfills its responsibility to monitor corporate actions, receive and vote client proxies, disclose any related potential conflicts of interest, make information available to clients about the voting of proxies for their portfolio securities, and maintain relevant and required records.
Proxy voting is an important right of shareholders and reasonable care and diligence must be undertaken to ensure that such rights are properly and timely exercised.
Investment advisers registered with the SEC, and which exercise voting authority with respect to client securities, are required by Rule 206(4)-6 of the Investment Advisers Act to (a) adopt and implement written policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to ensure that client securities are voted in the best interests of clients, which must include how an adviser addresses material conflicts that may arise between an adviser's interests and those of its funds, portfolios and clients; (b) to disclose to funds, portfolios and clients how they may obtain information from the adviser with respect to the voting of proxies for their securities; (c) to describe to clients a summary of its proxy voting policies and procedures and, upon request, furnish a copy to its clients; and (d) maintain certain records relating to the adviser's proxy voting activities when the adviser does have proxy voting authority.
Policy
AAMs general policy is not to vote proxies received on behalf of clients serviced under its Investment Management Agreement (herein IMA), and the firm makes disclosure as to such policy within the IMA. However, there are agreements in which AAM may be required to vote proxies for some accounts, including proxies received on behalf of the Astor Long/Short ETF Fund (herein the Astor Fund). Therefore, the firm has adopted policies and procedures for proxy voting, as outlined in the procedures herein and as disclosed in the Northern Lights Fund Trust & Northern Lights Variable Trust Compliance Manual, overseen by the Astor Funds third party distributor.
When AAM is responsible for voting proxies, it is AAMs policy to vote all proxies for client account securities consistent with the best interests of its clients (which encompasses both separately managed accounts and the Astor Fund). AAM, in general, will vote in accordance with management recommendations unless it is determined that voting in such a manner is in conflict with the best interests of its clients, in which cases AAM will vote on a case-by-case basis. Because of these extenuating circumstances associated with specific proxy issues, Astors votes may differ from time to time. AAM will also act, in its best judgment, on behalf of its clients, on certain corporate actions that impact shareholder value.
With respect to AAMs proxy voting on behalf of the Astor Fund, which pursues its investment goals by investing in unaffiliated mutual funds and ETFs (Underlying Funds), it is the policy of Astor to vote all proxies received from the Underlying Funds in the same proportion that all shares of the Underlying Funds held within other accounts where AAM also has discretionary voting authority are voted, or in accordance with instructions received from fund shareholders, pursuant to Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the Investment Company Act.
Responsibility
The Chief Compliance Officer (herein CCO) has the responsibility for implementing and monitoring proxy voting policies, practices, disclosures and record keeping. The CCO is also the Proxy Manager.
The Proxy Committee shall be comprised of the individuals currently serving on the firms Investment Management Committee. A quorum of the Proxy Committee shall be comprised of at least one member
Conflicts of Interest
In exercising its voting discretion, AAM shall avoid any direct or indirect conflict of interest raised by such voting decision. The firm will provide adequate disclosure to the client if any substantive aspect or foreseeable result of the subject matter to be voted upon raises an actual or potential conflict of interest to the firm or its clients.
If the proxy proposal is considered to raise an actual or potential conflict of interest for AAM or if there exists the appearance that a conflict would be raised, AAM will take any of the following courses of action to resolve the conflict: (1) disclose the conflict to its clients and obtain consent before voting; (2) suggest that its clients engage another party to determine how the proxy should be voted; or (3) vote according to the recommendation of an independent third party, such as a proxy consultant or proxy voting department of a mutual fund or pension fund. In such cases, AAM is committed to resolving the conflict in the best interest of its clients before the proxy in question is voted.
Obtaining More Information
Clients may obtain a copy of this policy, free of charge, by calling (800) 899-8230. A summary of these policies and procedures may also be found in the firms Form ADV Part II and supporting schedules.
Procedures
Initial Procedure. All proxies received by AAM will be forwarded to the CCO and then logged in upon receipt in the Receipt of Proxy Voting Material log. Prior to voting, the CCO is responsible for verifying where the firms voting power is subject to any limitations or guidelines issued by the client or in the case of an ERISA account, the plans trustee or other fiduciary).
Cross Referencing. A Security Cross Reference report is run in Axys as of the record date, as stated on the proxy. This report tells how many shares were owned by its clients as of the record date, and can be printed in detail so that the exact clients who held the security on the record date are listed.
Once the Security Cross Reference report has been run, the number of shares on the report is compared to the number of shares to be voted on the proxy. If the number of shares between the two reports matches, then the Security Cross Reference report is attached to the proxy materials and forwarded to the Investment Management Committee to be voted according to AAMs proxy voting policies.
If the number of shares does not match, then reasonable efforts will be made to resolve the difference, such as (1) rerunning the Security Cross Reference report for other dates around the record date of the proxy to see if the security transferred into Astor after the record date, even though the client owned it as of the record date; or (2) calling the custodian to confirm the clients per their records that are included in the proxy count, and then verifying that information to the Security Cross Reference report. There may be differences due to clients having made the decision to vote their proxies, in which case, the proxies would go directly to the clients.
If the difference still cannot be resolved, the matter is reviewed with the Investment Management Committee as to the next action to be taken. If the difference is determined to be immaterial and is approved by the Investment Management Committee, then the proxy will stand as is and the proxy materials will be forwarded to the Investment Management Committee to be voted according to AAMs proxy voting policies.
Processing the Vote. Once the Investment Management Committee has voted the proxies, they will be given to the CCO to administer processing.
If the proxy is to be mailed, then a copy of the proxy is made, attached to the proxy materials that support the vote and Security Cross Reference report and filed in chronological order. This file is maintained by year.
If the proxy was voted electronically, the original proxy with the notes on it is as to how the proxy was voted, are maintained and attached to the proxy materials that support the vote and Security Cross Reference report, and filed in chronological order, just like proxies that are mailed.
The CCO is responsible for entering the necessary information in the Proxy Voting Database. The following information is entered:
1.
Name of Company
2.
Proxy Proposal
3.
Managements recommendation
4.
Advisers Action
5.
Rationale for the vote
6.
List of clients to whom the proxy vote applies.
Requests from Clients. Should Astor receive any requests from clients regarding proxy voting, the CCO will maintain a record of the requests from the specific clients, which will include:
1.
Name of the Client
2.
Date that the request was received
3.
Whether the request was for a complete or partial record of proxy votes
4.
The documents provided
5.
Date that the information was sent to the client
6.
A copy of the information sent to the client will be retained in a chronological file, maintained by year.
Disclosure
Astor will provide conspicuously displayed information in its Form ADV Part II in the supporting schedules, summarizing this proxy voting policy and procedures, including a statement that clients may request information regarding how AAM voted a clients proxies, and that clients may request a copy of these policies and procedures.
Northern Lights Variable Trust
PART C
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 28.
EXHIBITS.
|
|
|
|
(a)(1) |
Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated November 4, 2004. Previously filed on February 14, 2006 as Exhibit (a)(1) to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File numbers 811-21853 and 333-131820)(hereinafter referred to as the Registrants Registration Statement), and hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(a)(2) |
Certificate of Trust dated November 4, 2004. Previously filed on February 14, 2006 as Exhibit (a)(2) to the Registrants Registration Statement, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(b) |
By-Laws. Previously filed on February 14, 2006 as Exhibit (b) to the Registrants Registration Statement, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(c) |
Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders. See Article III, Shares and Article V Shareholders Voting Powers and Meetings of the Registrants Agreement and Declaration of Trust. See also, Article II, Meetings of Shareholders of the Registrants By-Laws. |
|
(d)(1) |
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Arrow DWA Balanced VIT Fund and Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC was filed on January 8, 2009 as Exhibit (d)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference.. |
|
(d)(2) |
Sub-Advisory Agreement between Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC and Dorsey, Wright & Associates, Inc. with respect to Arrow DWA Balanced VIT Fund was filed on January 8, 2009 as Exhibit (d)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference.. . |
|
(d)(3) |
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the JNF Equity, Balanced, Bond and Money Market Portfolios, and JNF Advisors, Inc., was filed on May 1, 2008 as Exhibit (d)(3) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(d)(4) |
Sub-Advisory Agreement between JNF Advisors, Inc. and Chicago Equity Partners, LLC with respect to the JNF Equity and Balanced Portfolios, was filed on February 4, 2008 as Exhibit (d)(4) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 11 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(d)(4)(1) |
Sub-Advisory Agreement between JNF Advisors, Inc. and AIM Advisors, Inc., with respect to the JNF Money Market Portfolio was filed on January 8, 2009 as Exhibit (d)(4)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(d)(5) |
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Adaptive Allocation Portfolio, and Critical Math Advisors, LLC, was filed on February 4, 2008 as Exhibit (d)(5) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 11 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(d)(6) |
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Changing Parameters Portfolio, and Changing Parameters LLC, was filed on February 4, 2008 as Exhibit (d)(6) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 11 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(d)(7) |
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Dent Strategic Portfolio and HS Dent Investment Management, LLC, was filed on February 4, 2008 as Exhibit (d)(8) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 11 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(d)(8) |
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to The Chariot Absolute Return All Opportunities Portfolio and Chariot Advisors, LLC was filed on March 3, 2010 as Exhibit (d)(8) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference.. |
|
(d)(9) |
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to TOPSTM Capital Preservation ETF Portfolio, TOPSTM Balanced ETF Portfolio, TOPSTM Moderate Growth ETF Portfolio ,TOPSTM Growth ETF Portfolio, TOPSTM Aggressive Growth ETF Portfolio, TOPSTM Protected Balanced ETF Portfolio, TOPSTM Protected Moderate Growth ETF Portfolio and TOPSTM Protected Growth ETF Portfolio and ValMark Advisers, Inc. was filed on April 18, 2011 as Exhibit (d)(9) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 33 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference.. |
|
(d)(10) |
Sub-Advisory Agreement between ValMark Advisers, Inc. and Milliman, Inc, with respect to TOPSTM Protected Balanced ETF Portfolio, TOPSTM Protected Moderate Growth ETF Portfolio and TOPSTM Protected Growth ETF Portfolio was filed on April 26, 2011 as Exhibit (d)(10) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference.. |
|
(d)(11) |
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to The Avant Fund and Avant Capital Management, LLC to be filed by amendment. |
|
(d)(12) |
Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Astor Long/Short ETF Portfolio and Astor Asset Management, LLC to be filed by amendment. |
|
(e) |
Form of Underwriting Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to Adaptive Allocation Portfolio, and Northern Lights Distributors LLC, was filed on May 16, 2007 as Exhibit (e) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(f) |
Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts. Not Applicable. |
|
(g)(1) |
Custody Agreement between the Registrant and Bank of New York Mellon was filed on February 4, 2008 as Exhibit (g)(1) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 11 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(g)(2) |
Custody Agreement between the Registrant and the First National Bank of Omaha was filed on February 4, 2008 as Exhibit (g)(2) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 11 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(g)(3) |
Custody Agreement between the Registrant and Citi, NA was filed on May 1, 2008 as Exhibit (g)(3) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(g)(4) |
Custody Agreement between the Registrant and Fifth Third Bank was filed on June 5, 2009 as Exhibit (g)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and hereby incorporated by reference.. |
|
(h)(1) |
Fund Accounting Service Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC was filed on February 6, 2007 as Exhibit (h)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(h)(2) |
Administration Service Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC was filed on February 6, 2007 as Exhibit (h)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(h)(3) |
Transfer Agency Service Agreement between the Registrant and Gemini Fund Services, LLC was filed on February 6, 2007 as Exhibit (h)(3) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(h)(4) |
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of the Arrow DWA Balanced VIT Fund and Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC was filed on February 4, 2008 as Exhibit (h)(4) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 11 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(h)(5) |
Investor Services Plan of Arrow DWA Balanced VIT Fund was filed on January 11, 2007 as Exhibit (h)(5) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(h)(6) |
Custody Administration Agreement between Registrant and the Administrator with respect to certain Funds of the Trust, was filed on February 6, 2007 as Exhibit (h)(6) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(h)(7) |
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to each JNF Portfolio, and JNF Advisors, Inc., was filed on May 1, 2008 as Exhibit (h)(7) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(h)(8) |
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Adaptive Allocation Portfolio, and Critical Math Advisors, LLC, was filed on February 4, 2008 as Exhibit (h)(8) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 11 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(h)(9) |
Participation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the each JNF Portfolio, and Jefferson National Life Insurance Company, was filed on May 1, 2008 as Exhibit (h)(9) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and hereby incorporated by reference.. |
|
(h)(9)(1) |
Participation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to each JNF Portfolio, and PHL Variable Insurance Company, was filed on May 1, 2008 as Exhibit (h)(9)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(h)(10) |
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Dent Strategic Portfolio and HS Dent Investment Management, LLC, was filed on February 4, 2008 as Exhibit (h)(12) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 11 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(h)(11)(1) |
Participation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Dent Strategic Portfolio and Security Benefits Life Insurance Company was filed on January 8, 2009 as Exhibit (h)(13)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(h)(11)(2) |
Participation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Dent Strategic Portfolio and First Security Benefits Life Insurance and Annuity Company of New York was filed on January 8, 2009 as Exhibit (h)(13)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(h)(12) |
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Chariot Absolute Return All Opportunities Portfolio and Chariot Advisors, LLC, ., was filed on March 3, 2010 as Exhibit (h)(12) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 22 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and hereby incorporated by reference.. |
|
(h)(13) |
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to The Avant Fund and Avant Capital Management, LLC, to be filed by amendment. |
|
(h)(14) |
Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant, with respect to the Astor Long/Short ETF Portfolio and Astor Asset Management, LLC, to be filed by amendment. |
|
(i)(1) |
Opinion of Counsel was filed on March 9, 2011 as Exhibit (i) to Post-Effective Amendment No.27 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(i)(2) |
Consent of Counsel is filed herewith. |
|
(j)(1) |
Powers of Attorney of Anthony J. Hertl, Michael Miola, L. Merill Bryan, Gary W. Lanzen, Mark Taylor was filed on April 7, 2011 as Exhibit (j)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 32 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(j)(2) |
Consent of Independent Auditor is filed herewith. |
|
(k) |
Omitted Financial Statements. None. |
|
(l) |
Initial Capital Agreements was filed on January 11, 2007 as Exhibit (l) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(m) |
Rule 12b-1 Plan was filed on June 5, 2009 as Exhibit (m) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. Updated Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan to include Astor Long/Short ETF Portfolio is filed herewith . |
|
(n) |
Rule 18f-3 Plan was filed on April 18, 2011 as Exhibit (n) to Post-Effective Amendment No.33 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(p)(1) |
Code of Ethics of Northern Lights Variable Trust, was filed on January 11, 2007 as Exhibit (p)(1) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(p)(2) |
Code of Ethics of Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC was filed on January 11, 2007 as Exhibit (p)(2) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(p)(3) |
Code of Ethics of Dorsey, Wright & Associates, Inc. was filed on January 11, 2007 as Exhibit (p)(3) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(p)(4) |
Code of Ethics of JNF Advisors, Inc. was filed on March 2, 2007 as Exhibit (p)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(p)(5) |
Code of Ethics of Chicago Equity Partners, LLC was filed on March 2, 2007 as Exhibit (p)(5) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(p)(6) |
Code of Ethics of Critical Math Advisors, LLC, was filed on February 6, 2007 as Exhibit (p)(5) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(p)(7) |
Code of Ethics of Changing Parameters LLC was filed on March 2, 2007 as Exhibit (p)(7) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and is hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(p)(8) |
Code of Ethics of AIM Advisors, Inc, was filed on May 1, 2008 as Exhibit (p)(8) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(p)(9) |
Code of Ethics of HS Dent Investment Management, LLC was filed on January 8, 2009 as Exhibit (p)(11) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and hereby incorporated by reference. |
|
(p)(10) |
Code of Ethics of Chariot Advisors, LLC was filed on June 5, 2009 as Exhibit (p)(13) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 to the Registrants Registration Statement, and hereby incorporated by reference.. |
|
(p)(11) |
Code of Ethics of ValMark Advisers, Inc. to be filed by amendment. |
|
(p)(12) |
Code of Ethics of Milliman, Inc. to be filed by amendment. |
|
(p)(13) |
Code of Ethics of Avant Capital Management, LLC is filed herewith . |
|
(p)(1 4 ) |
Code of Ethics of Astor Asset Management, LLC is filed herewith . |
ITEM 29.
PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH THE REGISTRANT. None.
ITEM 30.
INDEMNIFICATION.
Article VIII, Section 2(a) of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that to the fullest extent that limitations on the liability of Trustees and officers are permitted by the Delaware Statutory Trust Act of 2002, the officers and Trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any act or omission of: any agent or employee of the Trust; any investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Trust; or with respect to each Trustee and officer, the act or omission of any other Trustee or officer, respectively. The Trust, out of the Trust Property, is required to indemnify and hold harmless each and every officer and Trustee from and against any and all claims and demands whatsoever arising out of or related to such officers or Trustees performance of his or her duties as an officer or Trustee of the Trust. This limitation on liability applies to events occurring at the time a person serves as a Trustee or officer of the Trust whether or not such person is a Trustee or officer at the time of any proceeding in which liability is asserted. Nothing contained in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust indemnifies, holds harmless or protects any officer or Trustee from or against any liability to the Trust or any shareholder to which such person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such persons office.
Article VIII, Section 2(b) provides that every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking and every other act or document whatsoever issued, executed or done by or on behalf of the Trust, the officers or the Trustees or any of them in connection with the Trust shall be conclusively deemed to have been issued, executed or done only in such Persons capacity as Trustee and/or as officer, and such Trustee or officer, as applicable, shall not be personally liable therefore, except as described in the last sentence of the first paragraph of Section 2 of Article VIII.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions of Delaware law and the Agreement and Declaration of the Registrant or the By-Laws of the Registrant, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Trust in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
ITEM 31.
BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF THE INVESTMENT ADVISER.
Certain information pertaining to the business and other connections of Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC, the Adviser to the Arrow DWA Balanced VIT Fund, is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the section of the Prospectus captioned Investment Advisor and to the section of the Statement of Additional Information captioned Investment Advisor and Advisory Agreement. The information required by this Item 26 with respect to each director, officer or partner of Arrow Investment Advisors LLC will be incorporated by reference to Form ADV filed by Arrow Investment Advisors LLC with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (File No. 801-66595).
Certain information pertaining to the business and other connections of Dorsey, Wright & Associates, Inc., the Sub-Adviser to the Arrow DWA Balanced VIT Fund, is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the section of the Prospectus captioned Sub-Advisor and to the section of the Statement of Additional Information captioned Sub-Adviser and Sub-Advisory Agreement. The information required by this Item 26 with respect to each director, officer or partner of Dorsey, Wright & Associates, Inc. is incorporated by reference to Form ADV filed by Dorsey, Wright & Associates, Inc. with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (File No. 801-29045).
Certain information pertaining to the business and other connections of JNF Advisors, Inc., the Adviser to the JNF Equity Portfolio, JNF Money Market Portfolio and the JNF Balanced Portfolio, is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the section of the Prospectus captioned Investment Adviser and to the section of the Statement of Additional Information captioned Investment Adviser. The information required by this Item 26 with respect to each director, officer or partner of JNF Advisors, Inc. will be incorporated by reference to Form ADV filed by JNF Advisors, Inc. with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (File No. 801-67658).
Certain information pertaining to the business and other connections of Chicago Equity Partners, LLC, the Sub-Adviser to the JNF Equity Portfolio and the JNF Balanced Portfolio, is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the section of the Prospectus captioned Sub-Adviser and to the section of the Statement of Additional Information captioned Sub-Adviser. The information required by this Item 26 with respect to each director, officer or partner of Chicago Equity Partners, LLC is incorporated by reference to Form ADV filed by Chicago Equity Partners, LLC with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (File No. 801-57280).
Certain information pertaining to the business and other connections of AIM Advisors, Inc., the Sub-Adviser to the JNF Money Market Portfolio, is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the section of the Prospectus captioned Sub-Adviser and to the section of the Statement of Additional Information captioned Sub-Adviser. The information required by this Item 26 with respect to each director, officer or partner of AIM Advisors, Inc., is incorporated by reference to Form ADV filed by AIM Advisors, Inc., with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (File No. 801- 57934) (Aim Private Asset Management, Inc.)
Certain information pertaining to the business and other connections of Critical Math Advisors, LLC, the Adviser to the Adaptive Allocation Portfolio, is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the section of the Prospectus captioned Investment Adviser and to the section of the Statement of Additional Information captioned Investment Adviser. The information required by this Item 26 with respect to each director, officer or partner of Critical Math Advisors, LLC is incorporated by reference to Form ADV filed by Critical Math Advisors, LLC with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (File No. 801-65306).
Certain information pertaining to the business and other connections of Changing Parameters LLC, the Adviser to the Changing Parameters Portfolio, is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the section of the Prospectus captioned Investment Adviser and to the section of the Statement of Additional Information captioned Investment Adviser. The information required by this Item 26 with respect to each director, officer or partner of Changing Parameters LLC is incorporated by reference to Form ADV filed by Changing Parameters LLC with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (File No. 801-63495).
Certain information pertaining to the business and other connections of HS Dent Investment Management, LLC, the Adviser to the Dent Strategic Portfolio, is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the section of the Prospectus captioned Investment Adviser and to the section of the Statement of Additional Information captioned Investment Adviser. The information required by this Item 26 with respect to each director, officer or partner of HS Dent Investment Management, LLC is incorporated by reference to Form ADV filed by HS Dent Investment Management, LLC with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (File No. 801-62809).
Certain information pertaining to the business and other connections of Chariot Advisors, LLC, the Adviser to The Chariot Absolute Return All Opportunities Portfolio, is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the section of the Prospectus captioned Investment Adviser and to the section of the Statement of Additional Information captioned Investment Adviser. The information required by this Item 26 with respect to each director, officer or partner of The Chariot Advisors, LLC is incorporated by reference to Form ADV filed by The Chariot Advisors, LLC with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (File No. 801-69623).
Certain information pertaining to the business and other connections of ValMark Advisers, Inc., the Adviser to TOPSTM Capital Preservation ETF Portfolio, TOPSTM Balanced ETF Portfolio, TOPSTM Moderate Growth ETF Portfolio ,TOPSTM Growth ETF Portfolio, TOPSTM Aggressive Growth ETF Portfolio, TOPSTM Protected Balanced ETF Portfolio, TOPSTM Protected Moderate Growth ETF Portfolio and TOPSTM Protected Growth ETF Portfolio, is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the section of the Prospectus captioned Investment Adviser and to the section of the Statement of Additional Information captioned Investment Adviser. The information required by this Item 26 with respect to each director, officer or partner of ValMark Advisers, Inc. is incorporated by reference to Form ADV filed by ValMark Advisers, Inc. with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (File No. 801-55564).
Certain information pertaining to the business and other connections of Milliman, Inc, the Sub-Adviser to TOPSTM Protected Balanced ETF Portfolio, TOPSTM Protected Moderate Growth ETF Portfolio and TOPSTM Protected Growth ETF Portfolio, is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the section of the Prospectus captioned Sub-Adviser and to the section of the Statement of Additional Information captioned Sub-Adviser. The information required by this Item 26 with respect to each director, officer or partner of Milliman, Inc. is incorporated by reference to Form ADV filed by Milliman, Inc. with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (File No. 801-33315).
Certain information pertaining to the business and other connections of Avant Capital Management, LLC, the Adviser to The Avant Fund, is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the section of the Prospectus captioned Adviser and to the section of the Statement of Additional Information captioned Adviser. The information required by this Item 26 with respect to each director, officer or partner of Avant Capital Management, LLC. is incorporated by reference to Form ADV filed by Avant Capital Management, LLC with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (File No. 801-68387 ).
Certain information pertaining to the business and other connections of Astor Asset Management, LLC, the Adviser to Astor Long/Short ETF Portfolio, is hereby incorporated herein by reference to the section of the Prospectus captioned Adviser and to the section of the Statement of Additional Information captioned Adviser. The information required by this Item 26 with respect to each director, officer or partner of Astor Asset Management, LLC. is incorporated by reference to Form ADV filed by Astor Asset Management, LLC with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (File No. 801-61526 ).
ITEM 32.
PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER.
(a)
Northern Lights Distributors, LLC (NLD), the principal underwriter to Adaptive Allocation Portfolio, Chariot Absolute Return All Opportunities Portfolio and Astor Long/Short ETF Fund also acts as principal underwriter for the following:
AdvisorOne Funds, Bryce Capital Funds, Copeland Trust, Epiphany Funds, Ladenburg Thalmann Alternative Strategies Fund, Miller Investment Trust, Nile Capital Investment Trust, North Country Funds, Northern Lights Fund Trust, Roge Partners Funds and The Saratoga Advantage Trust.
(b)
NLD is registered with Securities and Exchange Commission as a broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. The principal business address of NLD is 4020 South 147th Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68137. NLD is an affiliate of Gemini Fund Services, LLC. To the best of Registrants knowledge, the following are the members and officers of NLD:
Name | Positions and Offices with Underwriter | Positions and Offices with the Fund |
W. Patrick Clarke | Manager | None |
Brian Nielsen | Manager, President, Secretary | None |
Daniel Applegarth | Treasurer | None |
ITEM 33.
LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS.
The following entities prepare, maintain and preserve the records required by Section 31 (a) of the 1940 Act for the Registrant. These services are provided to the Registrant for such periods prescribed by the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchanged Commission under the 1940 Act and such records are the property of the entity required to maintain and preserve such records and will be surrendered promptly on request.
Gemini Fund Services, LLC (GFS), located at 4020 South 147th Street, Suite 2, Omaha, Nebraska 68137, provides transfer agent and dividend disbursing services pursuant to a Transfer Agency and Service Agreements between GFS and the Trust. In such capacities, GFS provides pricing for each Funds portfolio securities, keeps records regarding securities and other assets in custody and in transfer, bank statements, canceled checks, financial books and records, and keeps records of each shareholders account and all disbursement made to shareholders.
Gemini Fund Services, LLC, located at 450 Wireless Blvd., Hauppauge, New York 11788, maintains all records required pursuant to Administrative Service Agreements with the Trust.
First National Bank of Omaha (FNBO), located at 1620 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE 68197, provides custodian services to the Adaptive Allocation Portfolio pursuant to a Custody Agreement between FNBO and the Trust.
Bank of New York Mellon (BONY), located at One Wall Street, New York, New York 10286, provides custodian services to the Arrow DWA Balanced VIT Fund, the JNF Equity Portfolio, JNF Money Market Portfolio and the JNF Balanced Portfolio pursuant to a Custody Agreement between BONY and the Trust.
Citibank, NA (Citibank), located at One Sansome Street, 25th Fl., San Francisco, California 94105, provides custodian services to H.S. Dent Strategic Portfolio pursuant to a Custody Agreement between Citibank and the Trust.
Fifth Third Bank (Fifth Third), located at 38 Fountain Square Plaza, Cincinnati, Ohio 45263, provides custodian services to Chariot Absolute Return All Opportunities Portfolio pursuant to a Custody Agreement between Fifth Third and the Trust.
Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC located at 2943 Olney-Sandy Spring Road, Suite A, Olney, Maryland 20832, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Arrow DWA Balanced VIT Fund.
Dorsey, Wright & Associates, Inc. located at with offices at 8014 Midlothian Turnpike, Richmond, Virginia 23235 and 595 East Colorado Blvd., Suite 307, Pasadena, CA 91101, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with Arrow Investment Advisors, LLC, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the Arrow DWA Balanced VIT Fund.
JNF Advisors, Inc. located at 9920 Corporate Campus Drive, Suite 1000, Louisville, Kentucky 40223, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the JNF Equity Portfolio, JNF Money Market Portfolio and the JNF Balanced Portfolio.
Chicago Equity Partners, LLC located at 180 N. LaSalle Street, Suite 3800, Chicago, Illinois 60601, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with JNF Advisors, Inc., maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the JNF Equity Portfolio and the JNF Balanced Portfolio.
Invesco Institutional, located at 11 Greenway Plaza, Suite 100, Houston, Texas, 77046-1173, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with JNF Advisors, Inc., maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to the JNF Money Market Portfolio.
Critical Math Advisors, LLC located at 29 Emmons Drive, Suite A-20, Princeton, NJ 08540 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Adaptive Allocation Portfolio.
Changing Parameters LLC located at 250 Oak Grove Avenue, Suite A, Menlo Park, California 94025 pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Changing Parameters Portfolio.
H.S. Dent Investment Management, LLC located at 15310 AMBERLY DRIVE, SUITE 165, TAMPA, FL 33647, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Dent Strategic Portfolio.
Chariot Advisors, LLC located at 8010 Arco Corporate Drive, Suite 175, Raleigh, North Carolina 27617, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to The Chariot Absolute Return All Opportunities Portfolio.
ValMark Advisers, Inc. located at 130 Springside Drive, Akron, OH 44333, pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to TOPSTM Capital Preservation ETF Portfolio, TOPSTM Balanced ETF Portfolio, TOPSTM Moderate Growth ETF Portfolio ,TOPSTM Growth ETF Portfolio, TOPSTM Aggressive Growth ETF Portfolio, TOPSTM Protected Balanced ETF Portfolio, TOPSTM Protected Moderate Growth ETF Portfolio and TOPSTM Protected Growth ETF Portfolio.
Milliman, Inc. located at 1301 Fifth Avenue, Suite 3800, Seattle, WA 98101, pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with ValMark Advisers, Inc., maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to TOPSTM Protected Balanced ETF Portfolio, TOPSTM Protected Moderate Growth ETF Portfolio and TOPSTM Protected Growth ETF Portfolio.
Avant Capital Management, LLC located at 401 E. Las Olas Blvd, #130, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301, pursuant to the Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to The Avant Fund.
Astor Asset Management, LLC located at 111 S. Wacker Drive, Suite 3910, Chicago, IL 606061, pursuant to the Advisory Agreement with the Trust, maintains all records required pursuant to such agreement with respect to Astor Long/Short ETF Portfolio.
ITEM 34.
MANAGEMENT SERVICES.
Not applicable.
ITEM 35.
UNDERTAKINGS.
See item 30, above.
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this registration statement under rule 485(b) under the Securities Act and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 5 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized in the City of Hauppauge, State of New York on this 23rd day of May , 2011.
NORTHERN LIGHTS VARIABLE TRUST
(Registrant)
/s/ Andrew Rogers
By: Andrew Rogers, President and
Principal Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
|
|
|
Michael Miola* Michael Miola | Trustee & Chairman | May 23, 2011 |
L. Merill Bryan* L. Merill Bryan | Trustee | May 23, 2011 |
Gary Lanzen* Gary Lanzen | Trustee | May 23, 2011 |
Anthony Hertl* Anthony Hertl | Trustee | May 23, 2011 |
Mark Taylor* Mark Taylor | Trustee | May 23, 2011 |
/s/ Andrew Rogers Andrew Rogers
| President and Principal Executive Officer | May 23, 2011 |
/s/ Kevin Wolf Kevin Wolf | Treasurer and Principal Accounting Officer | May 23, 2011 |
By:
/s/ James P. Ash
Date: May 23, 2011
James P. Ash
*Attorney-in-Fact Pursuant to Powers of Attorney filed on April 7, 2011.
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit | Exhibit No. |
Consent of Counsel | (i)(2) |
Consent of Independent Auditor | (j)(2) |
Updated Form of Rule 12b-1 Plan to include Astor Long/Short ETF Portfolio | (m) |
Code of Ethics of Avant Capital Management, LLC. | (p)(13) |
Code of Ethics of Astor Asset Management, LLC | (p)(14) |
![[legal_consent002.gif]](legal_consent002.gif)
May 23, 2011
Northern Lights Variable Trust
450 Wireless Blvd.
Hauppauge, NY 11788
Re:
Northern Lights Variable Trust - File Nos. 333-131820 and 811-21853
Gentlemen:
A legal opinion (the Legal Opinion) that we prepared was filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to the Northern Lights Variable Trust Registration Statement. We hereby give you our consent to incorporate by reference the Legal Opinion into Post-Effective Amendment No. 37 under the Securities Act of 1933, Post-Effective Amendment No. 38 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the Amendment) and consent to all references to us in the Amendment.
Very truly yours,
/s/ THOMPSON HINE LLP
THOMPSON HINE LLP
682386.12
![[legal_consent004.gif]](legal_consent004.gif)
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
As the independent registered public accounting firm for Astor Long/Short ETF Portfolio, a series of the Northern Lights Variable Trust, we hereby consent to all references to our firm included in or made a part of this Post-Effective Amendment to the Northern Lights Variable Trust Registration Statement on Form N-1A.
Cohen Fund Audit Services, Ltd.
Westlake, Ohio
May 23, 2011
NORTHERN LIGHTS VARIABLE TRUST
MASTER DISTRIBUTION PLAN
PURSUANT TO RULE 12b-1
(as amended March 23, 2011)
WHEREAS, Northern Lights Variable Trust, a Delaware business trust (the Trust), engages in business as an open-end management investment company and is registered as such under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act); and
WHEREAS, the Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest without par value (the Shares), which may be divided into one or more series of Shares; and
WHEREAS, the Trustees of the Trust as a whole, and the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust (as defined in the 1940 Act) and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of this Plan or in any agreement relating hereto (the Qualified Trustees), having determined, in the exercise of reasonable business judgment and in light of their fiduciary duties under state law and under Section 36(a) and (b) of the 1940 Act, that there is a reasonable likelihood that this Plan will benefit each Portfolio listed on Schedule A hereto (each, a Fund).
NOW THEREFORE, the Trust hereby adopts this Plan for the Shares of the Fund, in accordance with Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, on the following terms and conditions:
1.
Distribution and Shareholder Service Activities. Subject to the supervision of the Trustees of the Trust, the Fund may, directly or indirectly, engage in any activities related to the distribution of Shares of the Fund and/or provide shareholder services, which activities may include, but are not limited to, the following: (a) payments, including incentive compensation, to securities dealers or other financial intermediaries, financial institutions, investment advisers and others that are engaged in the sale of Shares, or that may be advising shareholders of the Fund regarding the purchase, sale or retention of Shares; (b) payments made to securities dealers or other financial intermediaries, financial institutions, investment advisers and others that hold Shares for shareholders in omnibus accounts or as shareholders of record or provide shareholder support or administrative services to the Fund and its shareholders, or that render shareholder support services not otherwise provided by the Funds transfer agent, including, but not limited to, allocated overhead, office space and equipment, telephone facilities and expenses, answering routine inquiries regarding the Fund, processing shareholder transactions, and providing such other shareholder services as the Trust may reasonably request; (c) expenses of maintaining personnel (including personnel of organizations with which the Fund has entered into agreements related to this Plan) who engage in or support distribution of Shares; (d) costs of preparing, printing and distributing prospectuses and statements of additional information and reports of the Fund for recipients other than existing shareholders of the Fund; (e) costs of formulating and implementing marketing and promotional activities, including, but not limited to, sales seminars, direct mail promotions and television, radio, newspaper, magazine and other mass media advertising; (f) costs of preparing, printing and distributing sales literature; (g) costs of obtaining such information, analyses and reports with respect to marketing and promotional activities as the Fund may, from time to time, deem advisable; and (h) costs of implementing and operating this Plan. The Trust is authorized to engage in the activities listed above, and in any other activities related to the distribution of Shares, either directly or through an underwriter or other persons with which the Trust has entered into agreements related to this Plan.
2.
Maximum Expenditures.
The expenditures to be made by the Trust pursuant to Section 1 of this Plan and the basis upon which payment of such expenditures will be made shall be determined by the Trustees of the Trust, but in no event may such expenditures exceed in any fiscal year an amount calculated at the rates indicated in Schedule A hereto, of the average daily net asset value of Shares of each Fund or Fund Class listed thereon. Such payments for distribution activities may be made directly by the Trust, or the Trust's underwriter or investment adviser may incur such expenses and obtain reimbursement from the Trust.
3.
Service Fees.
Payments under this Plan by a Fund may exceed an annual rate of 0.75%, but only if the amounts in excess of 0.75% are attributable to shareholder service fees. Service fees are fees paid to compensate securities dealers or other financial intermediaries, financial institutions, investment advisors and others that (a) hold Shares for shareholders in omnibus accounts or as shareholders of record or provide shareholder support or administrative services to the Fund and its shareholders or (b) render shareholder support services not otherwise provided by the Trust's transfer agent, including, but not limited to, allocated overhead, office space and equipment, telephone facilities and expenses, answering routine inquiries regarding the Trust, processing shareholder transactions, and providing such other shareholder services as the Trust may reasonably request. These service fees shall be paid in an amount determined by the Trustees, but in no event to exceed an annual rate of 0.25% of the daily net asset of the Shares of those Funds specified on Schedule A hereto.
4.
Term and Termination.
(a)
This Plan shall become effective with respect to the Fund upon: (i) execution of this Plan; and (ii) the first issuance of Shares of the Fund.
(b)
Unless terminated as herein provided, this Plan shall continue in effect for one year from the effective date and shall continue in effect for successive periods of one year thereafter, but only so long as each such continuance is specifically approved by votes of a majority of both: (i) the Trustees of the Trust and; and (ii) the Qualified Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
(c)
This Plan may be terminated with respect to the Fund at any time by the vote of a majority of the Qualified Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Shares of the Fund. If this Plan is terminated with respect to the Fund, the Fund will not be required to make any payments for expenses incurred after the date of termination.
5.
Amendments. All material amendments to this Plan must be approved in the manner provided for annual renewal of this Plan in Section 4(b) hereof. In addition, this Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount of expenditures provided for in Sections 2 and 3 hereof unless such amendment is approved by a vote of the majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Shares of the Fund to which the increase applies.
6.
Selection and Nomination of Trustees. While this Plan is in effect, the selection and nomination of Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust shall be committed to the discretion of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust.
7.
Quarterly Reports. The Treasurer of the Trust or the underwriter, as applicable shall provide to the Trustees and the Trustees shall review, at least quarterly, a written report of the amounts expended pursuant to this Plan and any related agreement and the purposes for which such expenditures were made.
8.
Recordkeeping. The Trust shall preserve copies of this Plan and any related agreement and all reports made pursuant to Section 7 hereof, for a period of not less than six years from the date of this Plan, the agreements or such reports, as the case may be, the first two years in an easily accessible place.
9.
Limitation of Liability. A copy of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust is on file with the Secretary of the State of Ohio and notice is hereby given that this Plan is executed on behalf of the Trustees of the Trust as trustees and not individually and that the obligations of this Plan are not binding upon the Trustees, the shareholders of the Trust individually or, with respect to the Fund, the assets or property of any other series of the Trust, but are binding only upon the assets and property of the Fund, respectively.
Northern Lights Variable Trust
Dated: March 23, 2011
By: _____________________
Andrew Rogers, President
Schedule A
Fund/Class | Maximum Distribution and/or Shareholder Service Fees | Board Approval Date |
Changing Parameters | 50 basis points | 2/19/2007 |
Dent Strategic Focus | 50 basis points | 11/15/2007 |
Arrow DWA Balanced VIT Fund - Class A Shares | 25 basis points | 12/18/2006 |
Arrow DWA Balanced VIT Fund - Advisor Shares | 100 basis points* | 12/18/2006 |
JNF Equity Portfolio | 25 basis points | 2/19/2007 |
JNF Balanced Portfolio | 25 basis points | 2/19/2007 |
JNF Money Market Portfolio | 25 basis points | 3/18/2008 |
JNF Bond Portfolio | 25 basis points | 3/18/2008 |
Adaptive Allocation Portfolio | 100 basis points* | 3/06/2006 |
Chariot Absolute Return Currency Portfolio | 40 basis points | 5/29/2009 |
TOPSTM Capital Preservation ETF Portfolio Class 2 Shares | 25 basis points | 2/23/2011 |
TOPSTM Balanced ETF Portfolio Class 2 Shares | 25 basis points | 2/23/2011 |
TOPSTM Moderate Growth ETF Portfolio Class 2 Shares | 25 basis points | 2/23/2011 |
TOPSTM Growth ETF Portfolio Class 2 Shares | 25 basis points | 2/23/2011 |
TOPSTM Aggressive Growth ETF Portfolio Class 2 Shares | 25 basis points | 2/23/2011 |
TOPSTM Protected Balanced ETF Portfolio Class 2 Shares | 25 basis points | 2/23/2011 |
TOPSTM Protected Moderate Growth ETF Portfolio Class 2 Shares | 25 basis points | 2/23/2011 |
TOPSTM Protected Growth ETF Portfolio Class 2 Shares | 25 basis points | 2/23/2011 |
Avant Tracking Fund Class 2 Shares | 25 basis points | 2/23/2011 |
Astor Long/Short ETF Portfolio Class 2 Shares | 25 basis points | 3/23/2011 |
* Up to 75 basis points for Distribution and an additional 25 basis points for shareholder servicing.
CODE OF ETHICS
204A-1
17j-1
Avant Capital Management I, L.L.C.
Amended June 1, 2010
Table of Contents
I. Background
II. Statement of Principals
III. Duty to Report Violations of the Code
IV. Acknowledgement of Receipt of this Code
V. Insider Trading Policy
VI. Restrictions Relating to Securities Transactions
VII. Service as a Director
VIII. Reporting Requirements for Employees, Access Persons, and Independent Directors
IX. Exempted Securities and Transactions
X. Sanctions
XI. Administration of the Code of Ethics
XII. Approval and Review by Boards of Directors
XIII. Definitions
IMPORTANT: All Employees must read and acknowledge receipt and understanding of this
Code of Ethics.
I.
Background
A. This Code is adopted under Rule 17j-1, under the Investment Company Act of 1940, and Rule
204A-1, under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, for Avant Capital Management I, L.L.C.
(ACM-I).
B. This Code is designed to prevent fraud by reinforcing fiduciary principles that must govern the
conduct of Employees. This Code sets forth standards of conduct expected of Employees, and
addresses conflicts that arise from personal trading. Employees (1) must adhere to fiduciary
standards, (2) have obligations to Clients, (3) may be required to restrict their personal trading, and
(4) may be required to report their personal securities transactions and holdings.
C. Questions concerning this Code should be referred to the Chief Compliance Officer.
II.
Statement of Principles
A. Fiduciary Standards. This Code is based on the fundamental principle that ACM-I and its
Employees must put Client interests first. As an investment adviser, ACM-I has fiduciary
responsibilities to its Clients. Fiduciaries owe their clients a duty of honesty, good faith, and fair
dealing. As a fiduciary, ACM-I must act at all times in its Clients best interests and must avoid or
disclose conflicts of interests. Among ACM-Is fiduciary responsibilities is the responsibility to
ensure that its Employees conduct their personal securities transactions in a manner which does not
interfere or appear to interfere with any Client transactions or otherwise take unfair advantage of
their relationship to Clients. All Employees must adhere to this fundamental principle as well as
comply with the specific provisions applicable to Employees or Access Persons, set forth in this
Code. It bears emphasis that technical compliance with this Codes provisions will not insulate
from scrutiny transactions which show a pattern of compromise or abuse of an Employee's
fiduciary responsibilities to Clients. Accordingly, all Employees must seek to avoid any actual or
potential conflicts between their personal interest and the interest of Clients. In sum, all Employees
shall place the interest of Clients before personal interests.
B. Compliance with Applicable Federal Securities Laws. All Employees must comply with
applicable Federal Securities Laws as defined in this Code. Among other prohibitions, an
Employee shall not: (1) employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud a Client; (2) make any
untrue statement of a material fact (or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the
statements made not misleading) to an Employee making investment decisions or to an officer or
member of the Compliance Department investigating securities transactions; (3) engage in any act,
practice, or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit to a Client; or (4)
engage in any manipulative practice with respect to a Client. Questions regarding compliance with
applicable Federal Securities laws may be directed to the Chief Compliance Officer.
2
III.
Duty to Report Violations of the Code
A. Duty to Report Violation. An Employee who knows of a violation of this Code has a duty to
report such violation promptly to the Compliance Department.
B. Compliance Department Procedures Regarding Reported Violations. The Chief Compliance
Officer shall maintain procedures which reasonably ensure that he or she is aware of all reported
violations of this Code.
C. Prohibition Against Retaliation. All Employees are prohibited from retaliating against an
Employee who reports a violation of this Code. An act of retaliation is itself a violation of this
Code and subject to sanctions.
IV.
Acknowledgement of Receipt of this Code
A. Receipt of the Code Upon Employment or Promotion to Access Person.
(1) Employees. The Compliance Department shall ensure that each new Employee is given a copy
of this Code upon commencement of employment. Within 10 days of commencement of
employment (the Employees first day on payroll), each Employee shall file an Acknowledgement
with the Compliance Department stating that he or she has read and understands this Code.
(2) Access Persons. Each new Access Person will be notified of their status as an Access Person
upon commencement of their employment as such. Within 10 days of commencement of
employment, each employee shall file an Acknowledgement with the Compliance Department
stating that he or she has read and understands the provisions of the Code.
B. Amendments to this Code. The Compliance Department shall ensure that all Employees
(including Access Persons) receive a copy of this Code promptly after any material amendments to
this Code. Within 10 days of receiving a copy of the amended Code, each Employee shall file an
Acknowledgement with the Compliance Department stating that he or she has read and understands
the provisions of the amended Code.
V.
Insider Trading Policy
The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended in 1970, prohibits insider trading in securities
held or to be acquired by an investment company in contravention of rules and regulations
promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. The legislative history indicates that
such legislation was adopted to prohibit "insiders" from making personal profits by taking
advantage of their knowledge of the investment company's plans. In 1980, the Commission
adopted Rule 17j-1 under the insider trading provision. This rule generally proscribes fraudulent or
manipulative practices with respect to securities held or to be held by the Funds, requires that a
code of ethics be adopted, and contains certain reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
A violation of the Investment Company Act of 1940 may be punished by a maximum fine
of $10,000 or by imprisonment for not more than five years, or both.
3
A. Prohibitions. All Employees are prohibited from trading on inside information, which is
material nonpublic information about the issuer of the security. Employees are prohibited from (1)
buying or selling any security while in the possession of inside information; (2) communicating to
third parties inside information, or (3) using insider information about ACM-I securities
recommendations or Client holdings, to benefit Clients or to gain personal benefit.
B. Administration. The Chief Compliance Officer maintains written procedures reasonably
designed to safeguard Client information and prevent an Insider Trading violation. Any Employee
who believes he or she may be in possession of inside information should promptly inform the
Compliance Department.
VI.
Restrictions Relating to Securities Transactions
A. General Trading Restrictions for all Employees. The following prohibitions apply to all
Employees. Employee trading includes trading of their spouses, dependent relatives, trustee and
custodial accounts or any other account in which the Employee has a financial interest or over
which the Employee has investment discretion.
1. Market Timing Mutual Funds. Mutual funds managed or sub-advised by ACM-I (including
variable annuities but excluding money market funds) are not intended to be used as short-term
trading vehicles. Employees are prohibited from engaging in market timing any mutual fund
(including variable annuities but excluding money market funds) managed or sub-advised by
ACM-I in any manner which violates that mutual funds prospectus.
2. Late Trading in Mutual Funds. Late trading in mutual funds is explicitly prohibited by law. Late
trading occurs when a mutual fund order is received from a client after the mutual fund's trading
deadline. Even though the Code does not require Employees to report purchases of mutual funds,
which are not managed or sub-advised by ACM-I, this Code prohibits employees from engaging in
or facilitating late trading any mutual fund.
B. Additional Trading Restrictions for all Access Persons. Access Persons is defined in the
definitions section of this Code. The Compliance Department will inform an Employee of his status
as an Access Person, obtain a written acknowledgement, and retain a current list of Access Persons.
In addition to the trading restrictions which apply to all Employees, Access Persons are subject to
the following additional trading restrictions. The trading restrictions for Access Persons also
include trading of their spouses, dependent relatives, trustee and custodial accounts or any other
account in which the Access Person has a financial interest or over which the Access Person has
investment discretion. These additional trading restrictions do not apply to Exempt Securities and
Transactions, see section below.
.
1. Restriction on Brokerage Accounts. No Access Person may engage in personal securities
transactions other than through a brokerage account which has been approved by the Compliance
Department. Every approved account is required to provide the Compliance Department with
duplicate trade confirmations and account statements.
4
2. Pre-clearance of Personal Securities Transactions.
(a) Pre-clearance. All Access Persons must obtain approval from the Compliance Department
prior to entering into any securities transaction. Approval of a transaction, once given, is
effective for two business days on which approval was given or until the Access Person
discovers that the information provided at the time the transaction was approved is no
longer accurate. If an Access Person decides not to execute the transaction within the two
business days pre-clearance approval is given, or the entire trade is not executed, the Access
Person must request pre-clearance again at such time as the Access Person decides to
execute the trade. Exempt Securities and Transactions do not need to be pre-cleared.
(b) Blue Chip Limited Exemption from Pre-clearance. Access Persons do not need to pre-clear
a purchase or sale securities which (i) involve less than $50,000 of the securities of a
company listed either on a national securities exchange or traded over the counter, and (ii)
have a market capitalization exceeding $10 billion. Securities purchased pursuant to this
Blue Chip exception to the Blackout Period are still subject to the Best Execution
requirement and must be reported on quarterly transaction reports see below.
3. Blackout Period for Purchases and Sales.
(a) Blackout Period. No personal securities transaction of an access person will be cleared (as
provided in section VI.4) if a Fund or any client (1) has a conflicting order pending or (2) is actively
considering a purchase or sale of the same security. A conflicting order is any order for the same
security, or an option on or warrant for that security, that has not been fully executed. A purchase or
sale of a security is being "actively considered" (a) when a recommendation to purchase or sell has
been made for a Fund and is pending, or (b) with respect to the person making the recommendation
when that person is seriously considering making the recommendation.
(b) Blue Chip Limited Exemption from Blackout Period. The Blackout Period shall not apply to
any purchase or sale of securities which (i) involve less than $50,000 of the securities of a
company listed either on a national securities exchange or traded over the counter, and (ii)
have a market capitalization exceeding $10 billion. Securities purchased pursuant to this
Blue Chip exception to the Blackout Period are still subject to the Best Execution
requirement and must be reported on quarterly transaction reports.
6. Initial Public Offerings. No Access Person shall acquire any securities in an initial public
offering; provided that access personnel listed on Schedule A may acquire a security in an initial
public offering if (i) such security is acquired from a broker-dealer not affiliated with the Funds and
(ii) such access person has received the express written prior approval of the Compliance Department.
5
7. Private Placements. Access Person purchases and sales of "private placement" securities
(including all private equity partnerships, hedge funds, limited partnership or venture capital funds)
must be pre-cleared with the Compliance Department. No Access Person may engage in any such
transaction unless the Compliance Department has previously determined in writing that the
contemplated investment does not involve any potential for conflict with the investment activities
of ACM-Is Clients. However, Access Persons do not need to pre-clear private placement
opportunities that are offered solely to ACM-I employees (for example limited partnership units in
ACM-I).
C. Trading Restrictions for Independent Directors.
The following restrictions apply only to Independent Directors, as defined in the definitions section
of this Code, of a mutual fund which ACM-I serves as manager.
1. Restrictions on Purchases and Sales. No Independent Director may purchase (sell) any security
which, to the Independent Director's knowledge at the time, is being purchased or is being
considered for purchase (sold or being considered for sale) by any mutual fund for which he or she
is a director. This prohibition shall not apply to Exempted Securities and Transactions.
2. Restrictions on Trades in Securities Related in Value. The restrictions applicable to the
transactions in securities by Independent Directors shall similarly apply to securities that are issued
by the same issuer and whose value or return is related, in whole or in part, to the value or return of
the security purchased or sold by any Fund for which he or she is a director.
VII. Service as a Director
A. Service as a Director. Access Persons are prohibited from serving on the Boards of Directors of
publicly traded companies unless the Compliance Officer determines, in writing, that such service
is not inconsistent with the interests of Clients. The Access Person shall be prohibited from
discussing the issuer with persons making investment decisions with respect to such issuer.
VIII. Reporting Requirements for All Employees, Access Persons, and Independent
Directors
A. Reporting Requirements. All Employees, Access Persons, and certain Independent Directors are
subject to different reporting requirements, as listed below. The requirements also apply to all
transactions in the accounts of spouses, dependent relatives and members of the same household,
trustee and custodial accounts or any other account in which the Employee/Access
Person/Independent Director has a financial interest or over which the Employee/Access Person/
Independent Director has investment discretion. The requirements do not apply to securities
acquired for accounts over which the Employee/Access Person/Independent Director has no direct
or indirect control or influence.
Any holdings or transaction report may contain a statement that the report will not be construed as
an admission that the person making the report has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in
the security to which the report relates.
6
(1) Initial Holdings Report.
(a) All Employees. All must disclose their personal securities holdings in mutual funds
(including variable annuities but excluding money market funds) managed or sub-advised
by ACM-I to the Compliance Department within 10 days of commencement of employment
with ACM-I. Similarly, securities holdings of all new related accounts must be reported to
the Compliance Department within 10 days of the date that such account becomes related to
the employee. Information in the initial holdings report must be current as of a date no more
than 45 days prior to the date the person becomes an Employee. The report must be
provided in a form acceptable to the Compliance Department. Employees are not required
to report purchases or sales of mutual funds, which are not managed or sub-advised by
ACM-I.
(b) All Access Persons. All Access Persons must disclose their personal securities holdings (not
just mutual funds managed or sub-advised by ACM-I) to the Compliance Department
within 10 days of commencement of employment as an Access Person with ACM-I.
Similarly, securities holdings of all new related accounts must be reported to the
Compliance Department within 10 days of the date that such account becomes related to the
employee. Information in the initial holdings report must be current as of a date no more
than 45 days prior to the date the person becomes an Access Person. An initial holdings
reports shall include at a minimum the title, number of shares, principal amount, the name
of any broker, dealer or bank with which the Access Person maintains an account in which
any securities are held for the Access Person's direct or indirect benefit; and the date the
Access Person submits the report. Exempt Securities and Transactions do not need to be
reported.
(c) Independent Directors. Independent Directors are not required to make an initial holdings
report.
(2) Annual Holdings Report.
(a) All Employees. All Employees must submit an annual holdings report to the Compliance
Department. The annual holdings report must detail holdings in mutual funds (including
variable annuities but excluding money market funds) managed or sub-advised by ACM-I
as of a date no more than 45 days before the report is submitted and the Compliance
Department may mandate a single reporting date, e.g. as of December 31st. The report must
be provided in a form acceptable to the Compliance Department. Employees are not
required to report purchases or sales of mutual funds, which are not managed or sub-advised
by ACM-I.
7
(b) Access Persons. All Access Persons must submit an annual holdings report to the
Compliance Department. The annual holdings report must detail all holdings (not just
mutual funds managed or sub-advised by ACM-I) as of a date no more than 45 days before
the report is submitted and the Compliance Department may mandate a single reporting
date, e.g. as of December 31st. Annual holdings reports shall at a minimum contain the
same information for each security which is required for an initial holdings report. Exempt
Securities and Transactions do not need to be reported.
(3) Quarterly Transaction Report.
(a) All Employees. All Employees must submit quarterly a transactions report to the
Compliance Department within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter. The quarterly
transaction report must detail all securities transactions in mutual funds (including variable
annuities but excluding money market funds) managed or sub-advised by ACM-I during the
preceding calendar quarter. The report must be provided in a form acceptable to the
Compliance Department. Employees are not required to report purchases or sales of mutual
funds, which are not managed or sub-advised by ACM-I.
(b) Access Persons. All Access Persons must submit quarterly a transactions report to the
Compliance Department within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter. The quarterly
transaction report must detail all securities transactions (not just mutual funds managed or
sub-advised by ACM-I) in the preceding calendar quarter in which the Access Person had a
direct or indirect beneficial interest. The quarterly transaction report shall at a minimum
include the date of the transaction, title, number of shares, principal amount, the nature of
the transaction (i.e. purchase, sale, etc.), the price at which the transaction was affected, the
name of the broker, dealer or bank which executed the transaction, and the date the Access
Person submits the report. Exempt Securities and Transactions do not need to be reported.
(4) Annual Certification of Compliance. All Employees/Access Persons and Independent Directors
of a mutual fund which ACM-I serves as manager, must certify annually to the Compliance
Department that (1) they have read, understand, and agree to abide by the applicable portions of
this Code of Ethics; (2) they have complied with all requirements of the Code of Ethics, except as
otherwise notified by the Compliance Department that they have not complied with certain of such
requirements; and (3) they have reported all transactions required to be reported under the Code of
Ethics.
(5) Review of Transactions & Holdings Reports and Certifications. The Compliance Department
shall review all transactions reports, holdings reports, and certifications. The Compliance
Departments review of transactions reports and holdings reports shall include at least the following
items, where appropriate:
(a) an assessment of whether the reporting person followed all procedures required by this
Code;
8
(b) compare the personal trading to any insider-trading restricted lists;
(c) assess whether the reporting person is trading for his/her own account in the same securities
which ACM-I is trading for Clients, and if so, whether the Clients are receiving terms as
favorable as the reporting person takes for himself/herself;
(d) periodically analyze the reporting person's trading for patterns that may indicate abuse,
including market timing;
(e) for Access Persons making investment decisions on behalf of Clients, investigate any
substantial disparities between the quality of performance the reporting person achieves for
his/her own account and that he/she achieves for clients; and
(f) for Access Persons making investment decisions on behalf of Clients, investigate any
substantial disparities between the percentage of trades that are profitable when the
reporting person trades for his/her own account and the percentage that are profitable when
he/she makes investment decisions for Clients.
IX.
Exempted Securities and Transactions
A. The following securities and transactions do not present the opportunity for improper trading
activities that Rule 204A-1 and Rule 17j-1 are designed to prevent; therefore, unless otherwise
indicated, the restrictions set forth in Restrictions Relating to Securities Transactions and Reporting
Requirements shall not apply to the following exempted transactions or securities.
(1) Managed Account. Purchases or sales in an account over which the Employee has no direct or
indirect influence or control (e.g., an account managed on a fully discretionary basis by an
investment adviser or trustee). The managed account shall be prohibited from purchasing initial
public offerings or private placements without abiding by the procedures established under this
Code to restrict investments by Access Persons in initial public offerings or private placements.
(2) Automatic Investment Plans. Purchases, which are made by reinvesting, cash dividends
pursuant to an automatic dividend reinvestment plan.
(3) U.S. Government Securities. Purchases or sales of direct obligations of the U.S. Government.
(4) Mutual Funds Not Managed or Sub-Advised by ACM-I. Purchases or sales of mutual funds
(including variable annuities), which are not managed or sub-advised by ACM-I.
(5) Cash Instruments. Purchases or sales of bank certificates, bankers acceptances, commercial
paper and other high quality short-term (less than 365 day original maturity) debt instruments,
repurchase agreements, and money market funds.
(6) Unit Investment Trusts. Shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in
one or more open-end funds, none of which are managed or sub-advised by ACM-I.
9
(7) Classes of Securities Exempted by the Chief Compliance Officer. The Chief Compliance
Officer shall maintain a list of classes of securities which the Chief Compliance Officer has
determined, in writing, do not present the opportunity for improper trading activities that Rule
204A-1 and Rule 17j-1 are designed to prevent. For example, as of the date that this Code was
originally adopted, municipal bonds were a class of securities, which would not be an appropriate
investment for ACM-I to make on behalf of any Client. Factors which the Chief Compliance
Officer may consider when determining whether or not a class of securities would be appropriate
for any Client include whether (i) purchasing such securities would be consistent with the Clients
reasonable expectations; (ii) they may assist the Client in pursuing its investment objective; (iii)
they are consistent with the Clients investment strategy; (iv) they will cause the Client to violate
any of its investment restrictions; or (v) they will materially change the Clients risk profile as
described in documents which ACM-I has provided to the Client.
B. The restrictions set forth in Restrictions Relating to Securities Transactions do not apply to the
following exempted transactions or securities. However, these transactions are subject to Reporting
by Access Persons.
(1) Involuntary Transactions. Purchases or sales, which are non-volitional on the part of the
employee (e.g., an in-the-money option that is automatically exercised by a broker; a security that
is called away as a result of an exercise of an option; or a security that is sold by a broker, without
employee consultation, to meet a margin call not met by the employee).
(2) Pro-Rata Rights. Purchases effected upon the exercise of rights issued by an issuer pro-rata to
all holders of a class of its securities, to the extent such rights were acquired from such issuer.
(3) Commodities and Futures. Purchases or sales of commodities, currency futures and futures on
broad-based indices, options on futures and options on broad-based indices. The Compliance
Department determines which indexes are "broad-based indices. Also exempted are exchange-
traded securities, which are representative of, or related closely in value to, these broad-based
indices.
(4) Gifts. The receipt of a bona fide gift of securities. Donations of securities, however, require
pre-clearance.
X.
Sanctions
(A) Sanctions may include, but are not limited to, (1) a letter of caution or warning, (2) reversal of a
trade, (3) disgorgement of a profit or absorption of costs associated with a trade, (4) fine or other
monetary penalty, (5) suspension of personal trading privileges, (6) suspension of employment
(with or without compensation), (7) termination of employment, (8) civil referral to the SEC or
other civil regulatory authorities, or (9) criminal referral.
10
XI.
Administration of the Code of Ethics
A. Appointment of a Compliance Officer. ACM-I, and each of the mutual funds, which ACM-I
serves as manager, shall appoint a Chief Compliance Officer and shall keep a record for five years
of the persons serving as Chief Compliance Officer and their dates of service.
B. Administration of the Code. The Chief Compliance Officer shall administer the Code and shall
use reasonable diligence and institute procedures reasonably necessary to review reports submitted
by persons reporting under this Code.
C. Interpretations. The Chief Compliance Officer shall interpret the Code, focusing upon achieving
the goals of Rule 17j-1 and Rule 204A-1. Unless otherwise specified, all terms in the Code shall be
interpreted consistently with the general understanding of such terms in Rule 17j-1, and Rule
204A-1
D. Recordkeeping for the Code. The Chief Compliance Officer shall maintain Code records at
ACM-I principal place of business, which shall be made available to the SEC as legally required
for examination. Code records shall include (1) copies of all versions of the Code in effect, (2) all
violations of the Code and any action taken as a result of the violation, (3) all reports made by
Employees, Access Persons, and Independent Directors, (4) records of all persons required to make
reports under this Code, (5) records of all persons who were responsible for reviewing Code
reports, and (6) records of any decision to allow Access Persons to purchase Initial Public Offerings
or Private Placements. All records shall be maintained for a period of five years.
E. List of Employees, Access Persons, Independent Directors. The Chief Compliance Officer shall
prepare a list of Employees, Access Persons, and Independent Directors, shall update the list as
necessary, and shall maintain a record (for 5 years) of former lists.
F. Notice of Status as Access Person or Independent Director. The Chief Compliance Officer shall
notify each Access Person and Independent Director of their status, provide them with a copy of
this Code, and obtain an acknowledgment from such person of receipt thereof.
G. Notice of Material Amendments to the Code. The Chief Compliance Officer shall provide notice
of material amendments to the Code to every Employee.
H. Exemptions to the Code.
(1) Mutual Funds which ACM-I Does Not Serve as Manager.
(2) Mutual Funds which ACM-I Serves as Manager. With respect to any mutual fund which ACM-
I serves as manager, the Independent Directors of that mutual fund may exempt any person from
application of any section(s) of the Code; (iii) A written memorandum shall specify the section(s)
of this Code from which the person is exempted and the reasons therefore.
I. Quarterly Directors Report. The Chief Compliance Officer for each of the mutual funds, which
ACM-I serves as manager, shall compile a quarterly report to be presented to the Board of
11
Directors of each such mutual fund. Such report shall discuss compliance with this Code, and shall
provide details with respect to any material failure to comply and the actions taken by the Chief
Compliance Officer upon discovery of such failure.
J. Annual Directors Report. Not less than once a year the Chief Compliance Officer for each of the
mutual funds, which ACM-I serves as manager, shall furnish to Independent Directors of such
mutual funds, and the Independent Directors shall consider, a written report that:
(1) Describes any material issues arising under the Code since the last report to the Directors,
including, but not limited to, information about material violations of the Code and sanctions
imposed in response to the material violations. The annual written report may incorporate by
reference information included in written quarterly reports previously presented to the Directors;
and
(2) Certifies that ACM-I has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Employees and
Access Persons from violating the Code.
XII. Approval and Review by Boards of Directors
The Board of Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) of each of the mutual
funds managed or sub-advised by ACM-I must approve this Code. Additionally, any material
changes to this Code must be approved by the Board of Directors within six months after adoption
of any material change. Each Board of Directors must base its approval of the Code and any
material changes to the Code on a determination that the Code contains provisions reasonably
necessary to prevent employees from engaging in any conduct prohibited by Rule 17j-1. Prior to
approving the Code or any material change to the Code, the Board of Directors must receive a
certification from the mutual fund, the investment adviser, and principal underwriter that each has
adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent employees from violating this Code.
XIII. Definitions
(1) 1940 Act means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
(2) Access Person means any Employee (as defined in this Code) who (a) has access to
nonpublic information regarding any clients' purchase or sale of securities, or nonpublic
information regarding the portfolio holdings of any reportable fund, or (b) are involved in making
securities recommendations to clients, or who has access to such recommendations that are
nonpublic. All ACM-I Owners and Officers are Access Persons. The Compliance Department may
also determine, in writing, to treat certain Employees who do not meet the definition of Access
Person as Access Persons for the purposes of this Code.
(3) Advisers Act means the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.
12
(4) Beneficial ownership is interpreted in the same manner as it would be under section 1616a-
1(a)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in determining, whether a person has beneficial
ownership of a security for purposes of section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the
rules and regulations thereunder.
(5) Chief Compliance Officer means that individual so designated by ACM-I and each mutual
Fund, which ACM-I serves as manager.
(6) Clients means advisory Clients of ACM-I.
(7) Code means this Code of Ethics.
(8) ACM-I means Avant Capital Management I, L.L.C. and all affiliated entities under common
control, excluding any investment companies.
(9) Employee means employees of Avant Capital Management I, L.L.C., (including employees
of its affiliates entities) and has the same meaning as supervised persons as defined in section
202(a)(25) of the Advisers Act. These include Owners, Officers, Employees, and any other person
who provides advice on behalf of ACM-I and is subject to ACM-I supervision and control.
(10) Federal Securities Laws means the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Investment
Advisers Act of 1940, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (1999), any rules adopted by the
Securities and Exchange Commission under any of these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it
applies to registered investment companies and investment advisers, and any rules adopted
thereunder by the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Department of the Treasury.
(11) Independent Directors means Directors of any mutual fund, which ACM-I serves as both
manager and Principal underwriter who are not interested persons of the Fund or ACM-I, as
defined in the 1940 Act.
(12) Mutual funds, are registered open-end management investment companies. These include
variable annuities, which are a form of registered open-end management Investment Company.
13
CH3 1048799.1
AVANT CAPITAL MANAGEMENT I, L.L.C.
Code of Ethics Affirmation
I affirm that I have received a copy of the Avant Capital Management I, L.L.C. Code of Ethics
and have read and understand it. I acknowledge that I am subject to the Code and will comply with
the Code in all respects.
Date: ____________________________
____________________________________
Signature
14
SCHEDULE A
Avant Capital Management I, L.L.C.: Richard D. Andrews
Effective: September 1, 2007
15
ASTOR ASSET MANAGEMENT, LLC
CODE OF ETHICS
INTRODUCTION
This code of ethics is designed to set the tone for the conduct and professionalism of the advisers employees, officers, and directors. This code has been approved by the firms senior management and is designed to:
·
Educate employees regarding the firms expectations and the laws governing their conduct;
·
Protect the firms clients by deterring misconduct
·
Remind the employees that they are in a position of trust and must act with complete propriety at all times;
·
Protect the reputation of the firm;
·
Guard against violation of the securities laws; and
·
Establish procedures for employees to follow so that advisers may determine whether employees are complying with the firms ethical principles.
PART 1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
As a fiduciary for its clients, Astor Asset Management, LLC (Astor) has the duty to at all times to put the interests of clients first. This includes the requirement that all personal securities transactions are conducted in a manner that is consistent with the code of ethics and to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest or abuse of an employees position of trust and responsibility. It also requires that the personnel of the Astor may not take inappropriate advantage of their positions and keep confidential the information concerning the identity of security holdings and financial circumstances of clients. The investment decision-making process of Astor must be independent. These general principles govern all conduct, whether or not the conduct is also covered by more specific standards included in the code.
PART 2. SCOPE OF THE CODE
A.
Topics Addressed in the Code
The code of ethics governs securities-related conduct and focuses on fiduciary duty, personal securities transactions, insider trading, gifts, and conflicts of interest.
B.
Persons Covered by the Code
The code of ethics applies to supervised persons who are defined as:
·
Directors, officers and partners of Astor;
·
Employees of Astor; and
·
Any other person who provides advice on behalf of Astor.
Certain standards of the code of ethics apply to access persons who are defined as:
·
Persons who have access to nonpublic information regarding any clients
purchase or sale of securities, or non public information regarding the
portfolio holdings of any fund the adviser or its control affiliates manager;
·
Or is involved in making securities recommendations to clients;
·
Or has access to such recommendations that are nonpublic.
For the purposes of personal securities reporting requirements, terms such as employee, account, supervised person, and access person are defined to include the persons immediate family including any relative by blood or marriage living in the persons household and any account in which he or she has a direct or indirect beneficial interest.
Some provisions of the code only apply to Access Persons who are defined as those individuals who:
·
Make investment decisions for clients;
·
Who provide information or advice to portfolio managers; or
·
Who help execute and/or implement the portfolio managers decision.
C. Securities Covered by the Code
Covered Security means any stock, bond, future, investment contract or any other instrument that is considered a security under the Investment Advisers Act. The term covered security is very broad and includes items you might not ordinarily think of as securities, such as:
·
Options on securities, on indexes, and on currencies;
·
All kinds of limited partnerships;
·
Foreign unit trusts and foreign mutual funds; and
·
Private investment funds, hedge funds, and investment clubs.
Covered Security does not include:
·
Direct obligations of the U.S. government (e.g., treasury securities);
·
Bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and
high quality short-term debt obligations, including repurchase agreements;
·
Shares issued by money market funds;
·
Shares of open-end mutual funds that are not advised or sub-advised by
the firm (or certain affiliates, where applicable); and
·
Shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one
or more open-end funds, none of which are funds advised or sub-advised
by the firm (or certain affiliates, where applicable).
PART 3. STANDARDS OF BUSINESS CONDUCT
The below standards of business conduct are required of all supervised persons.
A. Compliance with Laws and Regulations.
All supervised persons must comply with applicable securities laws. They are not permitted, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, of a security held or to be acquired by a client:
a. To defraud such client in any manner;
b. To mislead such client, including by making a statement that omits
material facts;
c. To engage in any act, practice or course of conduct which operates
or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon such client;
d. To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to such client;
or
e. To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to securities,
including price manipulation.
B. Conflicts of Interest.
As a fiduciary, the firm has an affirmative duty of care, loyalty, honesty, and good faith to act in the best interests of its clients. Compliance with this duty can be achieved by trying to avoid conflicts of interest and by fully disclosing all material facts concerning any conflict that does arise with respect to any client. In addition, individuals subject to the code must try to avoid situations that have even the appearance of conflict or impropriety.
1. Conflicts Among Client Interests. Conflicts of interest may arise where Astor or its supervised persons have reason to favor the interests of one client over another client (e.g., larger accounts over smaller accounts, accounts compensated by performance fees over accounts not so compensated, accounts in which employees have made material personal investments, accounts of close friends or relatives of supervised persons). The code specifically prohibits inappropriate favoritism of one client over another client that would constitute a breach of fiduciary duty.
2. Competing with Client Trades. Access persons are prohibited from using knowledge about pending or currently considered securities transactions for clients to profit personally, directly or indirectly, as a result of such transactions, including by purchasing or selling such securities. Conflicts raised by personal securities transactions also are addressed more specifically in section D below.
C. Insider Trading.
Supervised persons are prohibited from trading, either personally or on behalf of others, while in possession of material, nonpublic information. The communication of material nonpublic information to others is in violation of the law. For more information regarding Astors policies to prohibit insider trading consult the specific procedures.
D. Personal Securities Transactions.
All access persons are required to strictly comply with the firms policies and procedures regarding personal securities transactions. Access persons are prohibited from acquiring any securities in an initial public offering. Access persons are also required to receive written prior approval for any acquisition of securities in a limited offering. This prior approval will take into account whether the investment opportunity should be reserved for clients and whether the opportunity is being offered to an individual by virtue of his or her position with the adviser. Investment personnel who have been authorized to acquire securities in a private placement are required to disclose that investment when they play a part in any clients subsequent consideration of an investment in the issuer and the decision to purchase the securities of the issuer for the client should be made by another employee. Access people are prohibited from executing a securities transaction on a day during which any client has a pending buy or sell order in the same or a related security until that order is executed.
Short-term trading in securities is discouraged for all personnel and is restricted by investment personnel. Investment personnel must disgorge any profits realized on short-term trading meaning trading within 30 days in securities held in client accounts.
E. Gifts and Entertainment.
A conflict of interest occurs when the personal interests of employees interfere or could potentially interfere with their responsibilities to the firm and its clients. The overriding principle is that supervised persons should not accept inappropriate gifts, favors, entertainment, special accommodations or other things of material value that could influence their decision-making or make them feel beholden to a person or a firm. Similarly, supervised persons should not offer gifts, favors, entertainment or other things of value that could be viewed as overly generous or aimed at influencing decision-making or making a client feel beholden to the firm or the supervised person.
F. Political and Charitable Contributions.
Employees are prohibited from considering the advisers current or anticipated business relationship as a factor in soliciting political or charitable donations.
G. Confidentiality.
The information concerning the identity of security holdings and financial circumstances of clients is confidential, including the clients identity (unless the client consents), the clients financial circumstances, the clients security holdings, and advice furnished to the client by the firm. Supervised persons are prohibited from disclosing to persons outside the firm any material nonpublic information about any client, the securities investments made by the firm on behalf of a client, information about contemplated securities transactions, or information regarding the firms trading strategies, except as required to effectuate securities transactions on behalf of a client or for other legitimate business purposes. Access to the computer files containing nonpublic information are restricted.
H. Service on a Board of Directors..
Astor prohibits supervised persons from serving as directors of public companies and state that exceptions will be made only when in the best interests of the firm and its clients. A director of a private company may be required to resign, either immediately or at the end of the current term, if the company goes public during his or her term as director.
I. Other Outside Activities.
Supervised persons may not engage in outside business or investment activities that may interfere with their duties with the firm. Any outside business activity requires written pre-approval by Rob Stein or his designee. Supervised persons must also request approval prior to accepting an executorship, trusteeship or power of attorney, other than with respect to a family manner. Regardless of whether an activity is specifically addressed in the code, supervised persons should disclose any personal interest that might present a conflict of interest or harm the reputation of the firm.
J. Marketing and Promotional Activities.
All oral and written statements made by supervised persons including those made to clients, prospective clients, their representatives, or the media, must be professional, accurate, balanced, and not misleading in any way. All communications of this type require pre-approval by Rob Stein.
PART 4. COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES
A. Personal Securities Transaction Procedures and Reporting.
Access persons are required to obtain pre-clearance for transaction in covered securities as defined above. An access person wishing to trade in a covered security must submit a Transaction Request Form. Rob Stein is the individual responsible for approving requested transactions and retains the Transaction Request Form evidencing his approval.
Within 10 days of becoming an access person and at least annually, an access person must submit a report of all holdings in covered/reportable securities and thereafter on an annual basis. The holdings report must include (i) the title and exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, type of security, number of shares and principal amount (if applicable) of each reportable security in which the access person has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership; (ii) the name of any broker, dealer or bank with which the access person maintains an account in which any securities are held for the access persons direct or indirect benefit; and (iii) the date the report is submitted.
The information supplied must be current as of a date no more than 45 days before the annual report is submitted. For new access persons, the information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days before the person became an access person.
B.
Quarterly Transaction Reports.
Access persons must submit to Rob Stein transaction reports no later than 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter covering all transactions in covered/reportable securities during the quarter. The transaction reports must include information about each transaction involving a reportable security in which the access person had, or as a result of the transaction acquired, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership. The reports must include: (i) the date of the transaction, the title and exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the number of shares and the principal amount (if applicable) of each reportable security involved; (ii) the nature of the transaction (e.g., purchase, sale); (iii) the price of the security at which the transaction was effected; (iv) the name of the broker, dealer, or bank with or through which the transaction was effected; and (v) the date the report is submitted.
C. Quarterly Brokerage Account Reports.
All access persons must disclose their securities accounts to Rob Stein within 10 days of becoming an access person and prior to opening a new account.
1. Exempt Transactions
a. Reporting Exemptions. An access person need not submit:
i. Any report with respect to securities held in accounts over which the access
person has no direct or indirect influence or control;
ii. A transaction report with respect to transactions effected pursuant to an
automatic investment plan;
iii. A transaction report if the report would duplicate information contained in
broker trade confirmations or account statements that the firm holds in its
records so long as the firm receives the confirmations or statements no later
than 30 days after the end of the applicable calendar quarter; and
iv. Any transaction or holding report if the firm has only one access person, so
long as the firm maintains records of the information otherwise required to be
reported under the rule.
2. Duplicate Brokerage Confirmations and Statements. Access persons must provide Astor with information necessary to request duplicate copies of confirmations of all personal securities transactions and copies of periodic statements for all securities accounts. Provided no new accounts are opened or trades are done outside of accounts for which Astor receives duplicate confirmations and statements, access persons need not submit their quarterly transaction reports, provided that all of the required information is contained in those confirmations and statements.
3. Monitoring of Personal Securities Transactions. Astor requests duplicate copies of confirmations and statements for outside brokerage accounts. Rob Stein is responsible for reviewing and monitoring personal securities transactions and trading patterns of access persons.
D. Certification of Compliance
1. Initial Certification. The firm provides all supervised persons with a copy of the code at the onset of their employment and as the code is revised. Supervised persons must certify in writing by signing the Code of Ethics certification that they have: (a) received acopy of the code or revised code; (b) read and understand all provisions of the code or revised code; and (c) agreed to comply with the terms of the code.
2. Acknowledgement of Amendments. Supervised persons are provided with any amendments to the code and supervised persons must submit a written acknowledgement that they have received, read, and understood the amendments to the code.
3. Annual Certification. At least annually, all supervised persons must certify that they have read, understood, and complied with the code of ethics.
>I1'@E+$RSM(=2MTLTN9,2MEU5N((4/P`@:81[
M??1@NA^SCBDD:%JKM;5+N6U+BP*JO&6+O,BKNJ,R#V0J:&`C*5VK4:HK)VVV
MMW=RN$7_:Q)FNQ+C&[[F>[XH\87HN[[LV[[N^Q'[^+[R.[_T6[\":$CVF[_Z
MN[\U-RPP`53\&\`"/,!40@#X\`"B<8T$O,`,W,`._,`0',$2/,$47,$6?,$8
MG,$:O,$<$0J.]9L)\,]_?`!K#IA
MCI,/B,P`$XC/[W+(Y@11>LI;!7!>\O^C70K#.5DPJ+$5,4,4K*2#,JW5H-K,
M+HEE,DFUB<$JD4Y"GA5F)P%C2&HL`:J,$`[`#^5[?@X2-6\M$#3;/'6BOA7=$?1R9QZC8%KC
M/@?P2`H`;IHG.][C.X0E4X'B?7-G2&3F46KR*H*S+]\:U%JCDDKE@N2)<]H,
M1P1Q+648*$Y@V5OB-NIW`(+5/0G00JGB$!/#:>\2B!X545!@*SXE51/EKU5`
MT3LD4Q&30P\T`NT@R2[Q1>'7*HSL<^2#V@R1!6@Y$(V4KGQ#V;R4,CV9;MZ<
MU]?L2KRB?CK_/3N>QHGQ1GSL5\+:[1`0T#.D
M5S\SV*:XU$V'=S<`<)G.N0#Z4(AU`DH#NBD?P$!T+$&95HDK$TUKT]Q-#"=B
MMCZ/;81V%#_QZC4P^6X]@RT"X09N(P`/$#APQ0!T`FH)83H!$C0E4;`_LS,0^Q_Z#Y`:<=96M(.9L(`I+TEEGDH((`GJ5U:`_0!43?7!O$$
M^P!]$&X]/]-"\DB,`V3L^L!RYML\"N`$[38VE]G:#8H[3E`[\4R(J><`51"V
MW?(0"X._OV@G%U.!!N$E`L]>/J5C2#(?\(A\7*)V@D)W<6KT)7``NZEW)\
M[`Z1#P.DY!(TY307!77.>YU3HNW"/PKP5XKFQL1(2&@"`8)&8*$+`@,PR`8@
M6@D`/!#PX0-AI8>B79ON.R;73'K8-4]V*P`^]N/71PY09"04KG,+8BE:G9AV
MF7Y.$#V$D>/\:0*#LP1Q9Y<#\>$K4SUGX?1:.[1E6SE3PQ(40?2&Q?=>/H%_
MI5A$`02])C5Y*=S)-_6-A1%6@2Q#2)#W&0&9A4P.]`D19GX/\\VN/8/Z>0>!
M0.S#--&N-?3#\UP..NSCI:C3Q-NR3B]68[RTY@O1[J5U_$;SG#/=/;62]$G3
MU-7V`4Z0_0"/`$[_`!T"+]4IBG4'`1,^[HY;8VD"XYHD"2NA;^G#6([PPP#9
M,TRV14+R+T$/9-<4$0$<-.,'T0``\03`0((%`?@;H,#@P`%0"E:)HF_AP`,!
M&!!\$``"P0/['A1LT*!@E"@`/@1X.B2I8M7;Z$&5/F3)HU;=[$F5/G3`\_
M#"8T*,')Q`55"AY(\+'@/`\#]0TH`*"`@XT#%1P@./7#`H)/L2Y\H)(@`8)N
M!$XL29%"U($01+K,(M9IU+0`Z*TE^.2#@+Q[=_X%'%CPX+]54*Y<4)>!7)--
MV^Z3.-%#`+8+1P3`"B&`4@`5+TJ`2E"ST@%&"9]&G5IUZA\6)XX8$!F*_X.!
M#DP#:(UU-D$)(*0&<.ATI@0)!C/Z7-F`J_")[6YG#6"`8!4%^08^N`B`+,/;
M`C;S/DL0"MZ![2Y6Y*Q`X6KV[=V_AQ^?X`3&`[-0^#IPP8>)()XWKJP`!93*
M9Q^VPE)J`3<*,L`!QZ0:X*L)"OJ!-HPF!."!XA::8+V!/,@.``8>9$F!P]HJ
MX``/`0"1H`\L'.C%R.2CL48;5SJIQ+<`B(`R@K+8$0)^6!J``I8T8\N#NB1P
M[(`!LM,'`?X&"N"_&Z_$$DOO@C-HMX$80&"@*F!48$,P>5LN"@>P*F!#EC@3
M`('M"&J-KR\?%-&`?XB#B"CK`'H&*@"$"/]^;$``?$:``H&HO#.MBC`'
MDJ"NBOZ+TK0\_;$J+0,&F"=+44D*
M@J*!*B"`X`,,`1!@@*H`@.()"`YH@(%9#?`P+`6J^."YQ3A#E@$(LIAU(`,D
MF/)+!_CRY\5067+#@P$:X%8!#PS8KZ`(^+RN6P#F<=-4>^^5*0L%'!@@"@6R
M!4!?@O)QP($H'G#"`P?X@R`*"B3([\LH!NAW14H;H"`*HPI5@($L%JCL`0\D
M8.#9ZQ08``$)`,:W99==^F!B=",>86()\AFA@0$VC-GC*?M1
![[legal_consent002.gif]](legal_consent002.gif)
May 23, 2011
VIA ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION
Securities & Exchange Commission
Public Filing Desk
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re:
Northern Lights Variable Trust, File Nos. 333-131820 and 811-21853
Dear Sir/Madam:
On behalf of Northern Lights Variable Trust, a registered investment company (the Trust), we hereby submit, via electronic filing, Post-Effective Amendment No. 37 to the Trusts Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933. The Amendment is filed pursuant to Rule 485(b) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933. The purpose of this filing is to provide definitive Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information for the Astor Long/Short ETF Portfolio. We believe that the Amendment does not contain any disclosure that would render it ineligible to become effective pursuant to Rule 485(b).
If you have any questions, please contact JoAnn Strasser at (513) 352-6725.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Thompson Hine LLP
Thompson Hine LLP
682388.16![[legal_consent004.gif]](legal_consent004.gif)