EX-4.47 2 g11904exv4w47.htm EX-4.47 AMENDED AND RESTATED BYE-LAWS OF NCL CORPORATION LTD. EX-4.47 Amended and Restated Bye-Laws
 

Exhibit 4.47
AMENDED AND RESTATED
BYE-LAWS
OF
NCL Corporation Ltd.

 


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
                 
            Page
  1.    
DEFINITIONS
    1  
  2.    
POWER TO ISSUE SHARES
    4  
  3.    
POWER OF THE COMPANY TO PURCHASE ITS SHARES
    4  
  4.    
RIGHTS ATTACHING TO SHARES
    4  
  5.    
CALLS ON SHARES
    5  
  6.    
PROHIBITION ON FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
    5  
  7.    
SHARE CERTIFICATES
    5  
  8.    
FRACTIONAL SHARES
    6  
  9.    
REGISTER OF SHAREHOLDERS
    6  
  10.    
REGISTERED HOLDER ABSOLUTE OWNER
    6  
  11.    
TRANSFER OF REGISTERED SHARES
    6  
  12.    
TRANSMISSION OF REGISTERED SHARES
    7  
  13.    
POWER TO ALTER CAPITAL
    9  
  14.    
VARIATION OF RIGHTS ATTACHING TO SHARES
    9  
  15.    
DIVIDENDS
    9  
  16.    
POWER TO SET ASIDE PROFITS
    9  
  17.    
METHOD OF PAYMENT
    10  
  18.    
CAPITALISATION
    10  
  19.    
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETINGS
    10  
  20.    
SPECIAL GENERAL MEETINGS
    10  
  21.    
REQUISITIONED GENERAL MEETINGS
    11  
  22.    
NOTICE
    11  
  23.    
GIVING NOTICE AND ACCESS
    11  
  24.    
POSTPONEMENT OF GENERAL MEETING
    12  
  25.    
ELECTRONIC PARTICIPATION IN MEETINGS
    12  
  26.    
QUORUM AT GENERAL MEETINGS
    12  
  27.    
CHAIRMAN TO PRESIDE AT GENERAL MEETINGS
    13  
  28.    
VOTING ON RESOLUTIONS
    13  
  29.    
POWER TO DEMAND A VOTE ON A POLL
    13  
  30.    
VOTING BY JOINT HOLDERS OF SHARES
    14  
 i 

 


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
                 
            Page
  31.    
INSTRUMENT OF PROXY
    15  
  32.    
REPRESENTATION OF CORPORATE SHAREHOLDER
    15  
  33.    
ADJOURNMENT OF GENERAL MEETING
    15  
  34.    
WRITTEN RESOLUTIONS
    16  
  35.    
DIRECTORS ATTENDANCE AT GENERAL MEETINGS
    16  
  36.    
ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
    17  
  37.    
NUMBER OF DIRECTORS
    17  
  38.    
TERM OF OFFICE OF DIRECTORS
    17  
  39.    
REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS
    17  
  40.    
VACANCY IN THE OFFICE OF DIRECTOR
    17  
  41.    
DIRECTORS TO MANAGE BUSINESS
    18  
  42.    
POWERS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
    18  
  43.    
REGISTER OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
    19  
  44.    
APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS
    19  
  45.    
APPOINTMENT OF THE CEO OBSERVER
    19  
  46.    
APPOINTMENT OF SECRETARY AND RESIDENT REPRESENTATIVE
    20  
  47.    
DUTIES OF OFFICERS
    20  
  48.    
DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY
    20  
  49.    
REMUNERATION OF OFFICERS
    20  
  50.    
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
    20  
  51.    
INDEMNIFICATION AND EXCULPATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
    20  
  52.    
BOARD MEETINGS
    22  
  53.    
NOTICE OF BOARD MEETINGS
    22  
  54.    
ELECTRONIC PARTICIPATION IN MEETINGS
    23  
  55.    
QUORUM AT BOARD MEETINGS
    23  
  56.    
BOARD TO CONTINUE IN THE EVENT OF VACANCY
    23  
  57.    
CHAIRMAN TO PRESIDE
    23  
  58.    
WRITTEN RESOLUTIONS
    23  
  59.    
VALIDITY OF PRIOR ACTS OF THE BOARD
    23  
  60.    
MINUTES
    23  
ii

 


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
                 
            Page
  61.    
PLACE WHERE CORPORATE RECORDS KEPT
    24  
  62.    
FORM AND USE OF SEAL
    24  
  63.    
BOOKS OF ACCOUNT
    24  
  64.    
FINANCIAL YEAR END
    25  
  65.    
ANNUAL AUDIT
    25  
  66.    
APPOINTMENT OF AUDITOR
    25  
  67.    
REMUNERATION OF AUDITOR
    25  
  68.    
DUTIES OF AUDITOR
    25  
  69.    
CHANGE TO THE COMPANY’S AUDITORS
    25  
  70.    
ACCESS TO RECORDS
    25  
  71.    
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
    26  
  72.    
DISTRIBUTION OF AUDITOR’S REPORT
    26  
  73.    
VACANCY IN THE OFFICE OF AUDITOR
    26  
  74.    
WINDING-UP
    26  
  75.    
CHANGES TO BYE-LAWS
    26  
  76.    
CHANGES TO THE MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION
    26  
  77.    
DISCONTINUANCE
    27  
iii

 


 

INTERPRETATION
1.   Definitions
  1.1   In these Bye-laws, the following words and expressions shall, where not inconsistent with the context, have the following meanings, respectively:
     
Act  
the Companies Act 1981 as amended from time to time;
   
 
Auditor  
includes an individual or partnership;
   
 
Bermuda  
the Islands of Bermuda;
   
 
Board  
the board of directors appointed or elected pursuant to these Bye-laws and acting by resolution in accordance with the Act and these Bye-laws or the directors present at a meeting of directors at which there is a quorum;
   
 
Business Day  
means any day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in Bermuda are authorized or required by law to close;
   
 
Bye-laws  
these Amended and Restated bye-laws adopted by the Company on August 17, 2007, in their present form or as from time to time amended;
   
 
CEO Observer  
has the meaning set forth in Bye-law 45;
   
 
Company  
the company incorporated in Bermuda under the name of NCL Holdings, Ltd. on the 15th day of December, 2003 which changed its name to NCL Corporation Ltd. effective the 26th day of March, 2004, for which these Bye-laws are approved and confirmed;
   
 
Director  
a director of the Company;
   
 
indemnitee  
has the meaning set forth in Bye-law 51.2;
   
 
Investor Trigger Event  
has the meaning set forth in Bye-law 1.5;
   
 
notice  
written notice as further provided in these Bye-laws unless otherwise specifically stated;
   
 
Officer  
any person appointed by the Board to hold an office in the Company;

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Ordinary Shares  
ordinary shares of the Company, par value $1.00 per share.
   
 
person  
shall be construed broadly and shall include, without limitation, an individual, a partnership, a corporation, a limited liability partnership, an investment fund, a limited liability company, a company, an association, a joint stock company, a trust, a joint venture, an unincorporated organization and a governmental entity or any department, agency or political subdivision thereof;
   
 
Register of Directors and Officers  
the register of directors and officers referred to in these Bye-laws;
   
 
Register of Shareholders  
the register of members;
   
 
Registered Office  
shall be at such place in Bermuda as the Board shall from time to time appoint;
   
 
Resident Representative  
any person appointed to act as resident representative and includes any deputy or assistant resident representative;
   
 
Resolution  
a resolution of the Shareholders holding a majority of the then-outstanding shares of the Company or, where required, of a separate class or separate classes of Shareholders, adopted either in a general meeting or by written resolution, in accordance with the provisions of these Bye-laws;
   
 
Secretary  
the person appointed to perform any or all of the duties of secretary of the Company and includes any deputy or assistant secretary and any person appointed by the Board to perform any of the duties of the Secretary;
   
 
SCL Trigger Event  
has the meaning set forth in Bye-law 1.5;
   
 
Shareholder  
the person registered in the Register of Shareholders as the holder of shares in the Company and, when two or more persons are so registered as joint holders of shares, means the person whose name stands first in the Register of Shareholders as one of such joint holders or all of such persons, as the context so requires;

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Shareholders’ Agreement  
has meaning set forth in Bye-law 1.5; and
   
 
Treasury Share  
a share of the Company that was or is treated as having been acquired and held by the Company and has been held continuously by the Company since it was so acquired and has not been cancelled.
  1.2   In these Bye-laws, where not inconsistent with the context:
  (a)   words denoting the plural number include the singular number and vice versa;
 
  (b)   words denoting the masculine gender include the feminine and neuter genders;
 
  (c)   the words:
  (i)   “may” shall be construed as permissive; and
 
  (ii)   “shall” shall be construed as imperative; and
  (d)   unless otherwise provided herein, words or expressions defined in the Act shall bear the same meaning in these Bye-laws.
  1.3   In these Bye-laws expressions referring to writing or its cognates shall, unless the contrary intention appears, include facsimile, printing, lithography, photography, electronic mail and other modes of representing words in visible form.
 
  1.4   Headings used in these Bye-laws are for convenience only and are not to be used or relied upon in the construction hereof.
 
  1.5   These Bye-laws are subject to the Shareholders’ Agreement dated as of August 17, 2007 (as amended, supplemented, modified or otherwise restated from time to time, the “Shareholders’ Agreement”), by and among the Company, NCL Investment Ltd., a company organized under the laws of Bermuda, Star Cruises Limited, a company organized under the laws of Bermuda, and the other Shareholders of the Company from time to time party thereto. The provisions of the Shareholders’ Agreement attached hereto at Schedule I are incorporated by reference herein and shall remain in force until such time as (i) the Investor Minimum Ratio Condition is no longer maintained, at which time the rights provided to the Investor under Section 4(c) and the Investor Board Rights under Section 8 of the Shareholders’ Agreement shall immediately terminate and cease to be of any further effect (the “Investor Trigger Event”); or (ii) the SCL Minimum Ratio Condition is no longer maintained or there is a SCL Change of Control, whichever is the earlier, at which time the rights provided to SCL under Section 4(a) and Section 4(b), and the SCL Consent and Consultation Rights and the SCL Notice Rights under Section 8 of the Shareholders’ Agreement shall immediately terminate and cease to be of any further effect (the “SCL Trigger Event”). Once the Investor Trigger Event and/or the SCL Trigger Event has occurred, the CEO Observer shall execute a certificate in the form attached hereto at Schedule II, which certificate shall be conclusive evidence of the fact that the said provisions of the Shareholders’ Agreement are of no further effect.

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  1.6   Until such time as the Shareholders’ Agreement shall terminate, in the event of any inconsistency between the terms hereof and the terms of the Shareholders’ Agreement, the terms of the Shareholders’ Agreement shall prevail and the Board and the Shareholders shall take such action as may be necessary to amend the Bye-laws in order to reflect the applicable provisions of the Shareholders’ Agreement.
  1.7   Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Shareholders’ Agreement.
SHARES
2.   Power to Issue Shares
  2.1   Subject to these Bye-laws and to any Resolution to the contrary, the Board shall have the power to issue any unissued shares on such terms and conditions as it may determine and any shares or class of shares may be issued with such preferred, deferred or other special rights or such restrictions, whether in regard to dividend, voting, return of capital, or otherwise as the Company may by Resolution prescribe.
 
  2.2   Subject to the Act, any preference shares may be issued or converted into shares that (at a determinable date or at the option of the Company or the holder) are liable to be redeemed on such terms and in such manner as may be determined by the Board (before the issue or conversion).
3.   Power of the Company to Purchase its Shares
  3.1   The Company may purchase its own shares for cancellation or acquire them as Treasury Shares in accordance with the Act on such terms as the Board shall think fit.
 
  3.2   The Board may exercise all the powers of the Company to purchase or acquire all or any part of its own shares in accordance with the Act.
4.   Rights Attaching to Shares
  4.1   Subject to any Resolution to the contrary (and without prejudice to any special rights conferred thereby on the holders of any other shares or class of shares), the share capital shall be divided into shares of a single class the holders of which shall, subject to these Bye-laws:
  (a)   be entitled to one vote per share;
 
  (b)   be entitled to such dividends as the Board may from time to time declare;
 
  (c)   in the event of a winding-up or dissolution of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary or for the purpose of a reorganisation or otherwise or upon any distribution of capital, be entitled to the surplus assets of the Company; and

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  (d)   generally be entitled to enjoy all of the rights attaching to shares.
  4.2   All the rights attaching to a Treasury Share shall be suspended and shall not be exercised by the Company while it holds such Treasury Share and, except where required by the Act, all Treasury Shares shall be excluded from the calculation of any percentage or fraction of the share capital, or shares, of the Company.
5.   Calls on Shares
  5.1   The Board may make such calls as it thinks fit upon the Shareholders in respect of any moneys (whether in respect of nominal value or premium) unpaid on the shares allotted to or held by such Shareholders and, if a call is not paid on or before the day appointed for payment thereof, the Shareholder may at the discretion of the Board be liable to pay the Company interest on the amount of such call at such rate as the Board may determine, from the date when such call was payable up to the actual date of payment. The Board may differentiate between the holders as to the amount of calls to be paid and the times of payment of such calls.
 
  5.2   The joint holders of a share shall be jointly and severally liable to pay all calls and any interest, costs and expenses in respect thereof.
 
  5.3   The Company may accept from any Shareholder the whole or a part of the amount remaining unpaid on any shares held by him, although no part of that amount has been called up.
6.   Prohibition on Financial Assistance
 
    The Company shall not give, whether directly or indirectly, whether by means of loan, guarantee, provision of security or otherwise, any financial assistance for the purpose of the acquisition or proposed acquisition by any person of any shares in the Company, but nothing in this Bye-law shall prohibit transactions permitted under the Act.
 
7.   Share Certificates
  7.1   Every Shareholder shall be entitled to a certificate under the common seal of the Company or bearing the signature (or a facsimile thereof) of a Director or the Secretary or a person expressly authorised to sign specifying the number and, where appropriate, the class of shares held by such Shareholder and whether the same are fully paid up and, if not, specifying the amount paid on such shares. The Board may by resolution determine, either generally or in a particular case, that any or all signatures on certificates may be printed thereon or affixed by mechanical means.
 
  7.2   The Company shall be under no obligation to complete and deliver a share certificate unless specifically called upon to do so by the person to whom the shares have been allotted.

5


 

  7.3   The holder of any shares of the Company shall immediately notify the Company of any loss, destruction or mutilation of the certificate therefor, and the Board may, in its discretion, cause to be issued to him a new certificate or certificates for such shares, upon the surrender of the mutilated certificates or, in the case of loss or destruction of the certificate, upon satisfactory proof of such loss or destruction, and the Board may, in its discretion, require the owner of the lost or destroyed certificate or his legal representative to give the Company a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as it may direct to indemnify the Company against any claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss or destruction of any such certificate.
8.   Fractional Shares
 
    The Company may issue its shares in fractional denominations and deal with such fractions to the same extent as its whole shares and shares in fractional denominations shall have in proportion to the respective fractions represented thereby all of the rights of whole shares including (but without limiting the generality of the foregoing) the right to vote, to receive dividends and distributions and to participate in a winding-up.
REGISTRATION OF SHARES
9.   Register of Shareholders
  9.1   The Board shall cause to be kept in one or more books a Register of Shareholders and shall enter therein the particulars required by the Act.
 
  9.2   The Register of Shareholders shall be open to inspection without charge at the Registered Office of the Company on every Business Day, subject to such reasonable restrictions as the Board may impose, so that not less than two hours in each Business Day be allowed for inspection. The Register of Shareholders may, after notice has been given in accordance with the Act, be closed for any time or times not exceeding in the whole thirty days in each year.
10.   Registered Holder Absolute Owner
 
    The Company shall be entitled to treat the registered holder of any share as the absolute owner thereof and accordingly shall not be bound to recognise any equitable claim or other claim to, or interest in, such share on the part of any other person.
 
11.   Transfer of Registered Shares
  11.1   An instrument of transfer shall be in writing in the form of the following, or as near thereto as circumstances admit, or in such other form as the Board may accept:
Transfer of a Share or Shares
• (the “Company”)

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FOR VALUE RECEIVED.. [amount], I, [name of transferor] hereby sell, assign and transfer unto [transferee] of [address], [number] shares of the Company.
DATED this [     ] day of [     ], 200[     ]

Signed by:
 
 

Transferor
 
 
Transferee
In the presence of:
 
 

Witness
 
 

Witness


 
  11.2   Such instrument of transfer shall be signed by or on behalf of the transferor and transferee, provided that, in the case of a fully paid share, the Board may accept the instrument signed by or on behalf of the transferor alone. The transferor shall be deemed to remain the holder of such share until the same has been registered as having been transferred to the transferee in the Register of Shareholders.
 
  11.3   The Board may refuse to recognise any instrument of transfer unless it is accompanied by the certificate in respect of the shares to which it relates and by such other evidence as the Board may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer.
 
  11.4   The joint holders of any share may transfer such share to one or more of such joint holders, and the surviving holder or holders of any share previously held by them jointly with a deceased Shareholder may transfer any such share to the executors or administrators of such deceased Shareholder.
 
  11.5   The Board shall refuse to register a transfer unless all applicable consents, authorisations and permissions of any governmental body or agency in Bermuda have been obtained. If the Board refuses to register a transfer of any share the Secretary shall, within three months after the date on which the transfer was lodged with the Company, send to the transferor and transferee notice of the refusal.
12.   Transmission of Registered Shares
  12.1   In the case of the death of a Shareholder, the survivor or survivors where the deceased Shareholder was a joint holder, and the legal personal representatives of the deceased Shareholder where the deceased Shareholder was a sole holder, shall be the only persons recognised by the Company as having any title to the deceased Shareholder’s interest in the shares. Nothing herein contained shall release the estate of a deceased joint holder from any liability in respect of any share which had been jointly held by such deceased Shareholder with other persons. Subject to the Act, for the purpose of this Bye-law, legal personal representative means the executor or administrator of a deceased Shareholder or such other person as the Board may, in its absolute discretion, decide as being properly authorised to deal with the shares of a deceased Shareholder.

7


 

  12.2   Any person becoming entitled to a share in consequence of the death or bankruptcy of any Shareholder may be registered as a Shareholder upon such evidence as the Board may deem sufficient or may elect to nominate some person to be registered as a transferee of such share, and in such case the person becoming entitled shall execute in favour of such nominee an instrument of transfer in writing in the form, or as near thereto as circumstances admit, of the following:
Transfer by a Person Becoming Entitled on Death/Bankruptcy of a Shareholder
• (the “Company”)
I/We, having become entitled in consequence of the [death/bankruptcy] of [name and address of deceased/bankrupt Shareholder] to [number] share(s) standing in the Register of Shareholders of the Company in the name of the said [name of deceased/bankrupt Shareholder] instead of being registered myself/ourselves, elect to have [name of transferee] (the “Transferee”) registered as a transferee of such share(s) and I/we do hereby accordingly transfer the said share(s) to the Transferee to hold the same unto the Transferee, his or her executors, administrators and assigns, subject to the conditions on which the same were held at the time of the execution hereof; and the Transferee does hereby agree to take the said share(s) subject to the same conditions.
DATED this [     ] day of [     ], 200[     ]

Signed by:
 
 

Transferor
 
 
Transferee
In the presence of:
 
 

Witness
 
 

Witness


 
  12.3   On the presentation of the foregoing materials to the Board, accompanied by such evidence as the Board may require to prove the title of the transferor, the transferee shall be registered as a Shareholder.
 
  12.4   Where two or more persons are registered as joint holders of a share or shares, then in the event of the death of any joint holder or holders the remaining joint holder or holders shall be absolutely entitled to such share or shares and the Company shall recognise no claim in respect of the estate of any joint holder except in the case of the last survivor of such joint holders.

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ALTERATION OF SHARE CAPITAL
13.   Power to Alter Capital
  13.1   The Company may, if authorised by resolution of the Board, increase, divide, consolidate, subdivide, change the currency denomination of, diminish or otherwise alter its share capital in any manner permitted by the Act.
 
  13.2   The Company may, if authorised by Resolution, reduce its share capital in any manner permitted by the Act.
 
  13.3   Where, on any alteration or reduction of share capital, fractions of shares or some other difficulty would arise, the Board may deal with or resolve the same in such manner as it thinks fit.
14.   Variation of Rights Attaching to Shares
 
    If, at any time, the share capital is divided into different classes of shares, the rights attached to any class (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) may, whether or not the Company is being wound-up, be varied with the consent in writing of the holders of three-fourths of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a resolution passed by a majority of the votes cast at a separate general meeting of the holders of the shares of the class at which meeting the necessary quorum shall be two persons at least holding or representing by proxy one-third of the issued shares of the class. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued with preferred or other rights shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu therewith.
DIVIDENDS AND CAPITALISATION
15.   Dividends
  15.1   The Board may, subject to these Bye-laws and in accordance with the Act, declare a dividend to be paid to the Shareholders, in proportion to the number of shares held by them, and such dividend may be paid in cash or wholly or partly in specie in which case the Board may fix the value for distribution in specie of any assets.
 
  15.2   The Board may fix any date as the record date for determining the Shareholders entitled to receive any dividend.
 
  15.3   The Company may pay dividends in proportion to the amount paid up on each share where a larger amount is paid up on some shares than on others.
 
  15.4   The Board may declare and make such other distributions (in cash or in specie) to the Shareholders as may be lawfully made out of the assets of the Company.
16.   Power to Set Aside Profits
 
    The Board may, before declaring a dividend, set aside out of the surplus or profits of the Company, such amount as it thinks proper as a reserve to be used to meet contingencies or for equalising dividends or for any other purpose.

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17.   Method of Payment
  17.1   Any dividend, interest, or other moneys payable in cash in respect of the shares may be paid by cheque or draft sent through the post directed to the Shareholder at such Shareholder’s address in the Register of Shareholders, or to such person and to such address as the holder may in writing direct.
 
  17.2   In the case of joint holders of shares, any dividend, interest or other moneys payable in cash in respect of shares may be paid by cheque or draft sent through the post directed to the address of the holder first named in the Register of Shareholders, or to such person and to such address as the joint holders may in writing direct. If two or more persons are registered as joint holders of any shares any one can give an effectual receipt for any dividend paid in respect of such shares.
 
  17.3   The Board may deduct from the dividends or distributions payable to any Shareholder all moneys due from such Shareholder to the Company on account of calls or otherwise.
18.   Capitalisation
  18.1   The Board may capitalise any amount for the time being standing to the credit of any of the Company’s share premium or other reserve accounts or to the credit of the profit and loss account or otherwise available for distribution by applying such amount in paying up unissued shares to be allotted as fully paid bonus shares pro rata to the Shareholders.
 
  18.2   The Board may capitalise any amount for the time being standing to the credit of a reserve account or amounts otherwise available for dividend or distribution by applying such amounts in paying up in full, partly or nil paid shares of those Shareholders who would have been entitled to such amounts if they were distributed by way of dividend or distribution.
MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS
19.   Annual General Meetings
 
    The annual general meeting shall be held in each year (other than the year of incorporation) at such place, date and hour as shall be fixed by the Board.
 
20.   Special General Meetings
 
    The Board may convene a special general meeting whenever in their judgment such a meeting is necessary to be held at such place, date and hour as fixed by the Board.

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21.   Requisitioned General Meetings
 
    The Board shall, on the requisition of Shareholders holding at the date of the deposit of the requisition not less than one-tenth of such of the paid-up share capital of the Company as at the date of the deposit carries the right to vote at general meetings, forthwith proceed to convene a special general meeting and the provisions of the Act shall apply.
 
22.   Notice
  22.1   At least five days’ notice of an annual general meeting shall be given to each Shareholder entitled to attend and vote thereat, stating the place, date and hour at which the meeting is to be held, that the election of Directors will take place thereat, and as far as practicable, the other business to be conducted at the meeting.
 
  22.2   At least five days’ notice of a special general meeting shall be given to each Shareholder entitled to attend and vote thereat, stating the date, time, place and the general nature of the business to be considered at the meeting.
 
  22.3   The Board may fix any date as the record date for determining the Shareholders entitled to receive notice of and to vote at any general meeting.
 
  22.4   A general meeting shall, notwithstanding that it is called on shorter notice than that specified in these Bye-laws, be deemed to have been properly called if it is so agreed by (i) all the Shareholders entitled to attend and vote thereat in the case of an annual general meeting; and (ii) by a majority in number of the Shareholders having the right to attend and vote at the meeting, being a majority together holding not less than 95% in nominal value of the shares giving a right to attend and vote thereat in the case of a special general meeting.
 
  22.5   The accidental omission to give notice of a general meeting to, or the non-receipt of a notice of a general meeting by, any person entitled to receive notice shall not invalidate the proceedings at that meeting.
23.   Giving Notice and Access
  23.1   A notice may be given by the Company to a Shareholder:
  (a)   by delivering it to such Shareholder in person; or
 
  (b)   by sending it by letter mail or courier to such Shareholder’s address in the Register of Shareholders; or
 
  (c)   by transmitting it by electronic means (including facsimile and electronic mail, but not telephone) in accordance with such directions as may be given by such Shareholder to the Company for such purpose; or
 
  (d)   in accordance with Bye-law 23.4.
  23.2   Any notice required to be given to a Shareholder shall, with respect to any shares held jointly by two or more persons, be given to whichever of such persons is named first in the Register of Shareholders and notice so given shall be sufficient notice to all the holders of such shares.

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  23.3   Any notice (save for one delivered in accordance with Bye-law 23.4) shall be deemed to have been served at the time when the same would be delivered in the ordinary course of transmission and, in proving such service, it shall be sufficient to prove that the notice was properly addressed and prepaid, if posted, and the time when it was posted, delivered to the courier, or transmitted by electronic means.
 
  23.4   Where a Shareholder indicates his consent (in a form and manner satisfactory to the Board), to receive information or documents by accessing them on a website rather than by other means, or receipt in this manner is otherwise permitted by the Act, the Board may deliver such information or documents by notifying the Shareholder of their availability and including therein the address of the website, the place on the website where the information or document may be found, and instructions as to how the information or document may be accessed on the website.
 
  23.5   In the case of information or documents delivered in accordance with Bye-law 23.4, service shall be deemed to have occurred when (i) the Shareholder is notified in accordance with that Bye-law; and (ii) the information or document is published on the website.
24.   Postponement of General Meeting
 
    The Secretary may postpone any general meeting called in accordance with these Bye-laws (other than a meeting requisitioned under these Bye-laws) provided that notice of postponement is given to the Shareholders before the time for such meeting. Fresh notice of the date, time and place for the postponed meeting shall be given to each Shareholder in accordance with these Bye-laws.
 
25.   Electronic Participation in Meetings
 
    Shareholders may participate in any general meeting by such telephonic, electronic or other communication facilities or means as permit all persons participating in the meeting to communicate with each other simultaneously and instantaneously, and participation in such a meeting shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.
 
26.   Quorum at General Meetings
  26.1   At any general meeting two or more persons present in person and representing in person or by proxy in excess of 50% of the total issued voting shares in the Company throughout the meeting shall form a quorum for the transaction of business, provided that if the Company shall at any time have only one Shareholder, one Shareholder present in person or by proxy shall form a quorum for the transaction of business at any general meeting held during such time.
 
  26.2   If at the time appointed for the meeting a quorum is not present, then, in the case of a meeting convened on a requisition, the meeting shall be deemed cancelled and, in any other case, the meeting shall stand adjourned to the same day one week later, at the same time and place or to such other day, time or place as the Secretary may determine.

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       Unless the meeting is adjourned to a specific date, time and place announced at the meeting being adjourned, fresh notice of the resumption of the meeting shall be given to each Shareholder entitled to attend and vote thereat in accordance with these Bye-laws.
27.   Chairman to Preside at General Meetings
 
    Unless otherwise agreed by a majority of those attending and entitled to vote thereat, the Chairman, if there be one, and if not the President, if there be one, shall act as chairman at all general meetings at which such person is present. In their absence a chairman shall be appointed or elected by those present at the meeting and entitled to vote.
 
28.   Voting on Resolutions
  28.1   Subject to the Act and these Bye-laws, any question proposed for the consideration of the Shareholders at any general meeting shall be decided by the affirmative votes of a majority of the votes cast in accordance with these Bye-laws and in the case of an equality of votes the resolution shall fail.
 
  28.2   No Shareholder shall be entitled to vote at a general meeting unless such Shareholder has paid all the calls on all shares held by such Shareholder.
 
  28.3   At any general meeting a resolution put to the vote of the meeting shall, in the first instance, be voted upon by a show of hands and, subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being lawfully attached to any class of shares and subject to these Bye-laws, every Shareholder present in person and every person holding a valid proxy at such meeting shall be entitled to one vote and shall cast such vote by raising his hand.
 
  28.4   In the event that a Shareholder participates in a general meeting by telephone, electronic or other communication facilities or means, the chairman of the meeting shall direct the manner in which such Shareholder may cast his vote on a show of hands.
 
  28.5   At any general meeting if an amendment is proposed to any resolution under consideration and the chairman of the meeting rules on whether or not the proposed amendment is out of order, the proceedings on the substantive resolution shall not be invalidated by any error in such ruling.
 
  28.6   At any general meeting a declaration by the chairman of the meeting that a question proposed for consideration has, on a show of hands, been carried, or carried unanimously, or by a particular majority, or lost, and an entry to that effect in a book containing the minutes of the proceedings of the Company shall, subject to these Bye-laws, be conclusive evidence of that fact.
29.   Power to Demand a Vote on a Poll
  29.1   Notwithstanding the foregoing, a poll may be demanded by any of the following persons:
  (a)   the chairman of such meeting; or

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  (b)   at least three Shareholders present in person or represented by proxy; or
 
  (c)   any Shareholder or Shareholders present in person or represented by proxy and holding between them not less than one-tenth of the total voting rights of all the Shareholders having the right to vote at such meeting; or
 
  (d)   any Shareholder or Shareholders present in person or represented by proxy holding shares in the Company conferring the right to vote at such meeting, being shares on which an aggregate sum has been paid up equal to not less than one-tenth of the total amount paid up on all such shares conferring such right.
  29.2   Where a poll is demanded, subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being lawfully attached to any class of shares, every person present at such meeting shall have one vote for each share of which such person is the holder or for which such person holds a proxy and such vote shall be counted by ballot as described herein, or in the case of a general meeting at which one or more Shareholders are present by telephone, electronic or other communication facilities or means, in such manner as the chairman of the meeting may direct and the result of such poll shall be deemed to be the resolution of the meeting at which the poll was demanded and shall replace any previous resolution upon the same matter which has been the subject of a show of hands. A person entitled to more than one vote need not use all his votes or cast all the votes he uses in the same way.
 
  29.3   A poll demanded for the purpose of electing a chairman of the meeting or on a question of adjournment shall be taken forthwith. A poll demanded on any other question shall be taken at such time and in such manner during such meeting as the chairman (or acting chairman) of the meeting may direct. Any business other than that upon which a poll has been demanded may be conducted pending the taking of the poll.
 
  29.4   Where a vote is taken by poll, each person physically present and entitled to vote shall be furnished with a ballot paper on which such person shall record his vote in such manner as shall be determined at the meeting having regard to the nature of the question on which the vote is taken, and each ballot paper shall be signed or initialled or otherwise marked so as to identify the voter and the registered holder in the case of a proxy. Each person present by telephone, electronic or other communication facilities or means shall cast his vote in such manner as the chairman shall direct. At the conclusion of the poll, the ballot papers and votes cast in accordance with such directions shall be examined and counted by a committee of not less than two Shareholders or proxy holders appointed by the chairman for the purpose and the result of the poll shall be declared by the chairman.
30.   Voting by Joint Holders of Shares
 
    In the case of joint holders, the vote of the senior who tenders a vote (whether in person or by proxy) shall be accepted to the exclusion of the votes of the other joint holders, and for this purpose seniority shall be determined by the order in which the names stand in the Register of Shareholders.

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31. Instrument of Proxy
  31.1   An instrument appointing a proxy shall be in writing in substantially the following form or such other form as the chairman of the meeting shall accept:
Proxy
• (the “Company”)
I/We, [insert names here], being a Shareholder of the Company with [number] shares, HEREBY APPOINT [name] of [address] or failing him, [name] of [address] to be my/our proxy to vote for me/us at the meeting of the Shareholders to be held on the [     ] day of [     ], 200[ ] and at any adjournment thereof. (Any restrictions on voting to be inserted here).

Signed this [     ] day of [     ], 200[     ]

 
Shareholder(s)
  31.2   The instrument appointing a proxy must be received by the Company at the Registered Office or at such other place or in such manner as is specified in the notice convening the meeting or in any instrument of proxy sent out by the Company in relation to the meeting at which the person named in the instrument appointing a proxy proposes to vote, and an instrument appointing a proxy which is not received in the manner so prescribed shall be invalid.
 
  31.3   A Shareholder who is the holder of two or more shares may appoint more than one proxy to represent him and vote on his behalf in respect of different shares.
 
  31.4   The decision of the chairman of any general meeting as to the validity of any appointment of a proxy shall be final.
32.   Representation of Corporate Shareholder
  32.1   A corporation which is a Shareholder may, by written instrument, authorise such person or persons as it thinks fit to act as its representative at any meeting and any person so authorised shall be entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of the corporation which such person represents as that corporation could exercise if it were an individual Shareholder, and that Shareholder shall be deemed to be present in person at any such meeting attended by its authorised representative or representatives.
 
  32.2   Notwithstanding the foregoing, the chairman of the meeting may accept such assurances as he thinks fit as to the right of any person to attend and vote at general meetings on behalf of a corporation which is a Shareholder.
33.   Adjournment of General Meeting
 
    The chairman of a general meeting may, with the consent of the Shareholders at any general meeting at which a quorum is present, and shall if so directed by the meeting, adjourn the meeting. Unless the meeting is adjourned to a specific date, place and time announced at the meeting being adjourned, fresh notice of the date, place and time for the resumption of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each Shareholder entitled to attend and vote thereat in accordance with these Bye-laws.

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34.   Written Resolutions
  34.1   Subject to these Bye-laws, anything which may be done by resolution of the Company in a general meeting or by resolution of a meeting of any class of the Shareholders may, without a meeting, be done by written resolution in accordance with this Bye-law.
 
  34.2   Notice of a written resolution shall be given, and a copy of the resolution shall be circulated to all Shareholders who would be entitled to attend a meeting and vote thereon. The accidental omission to give notice to, or the non-receipt of a notice by, any Shareholder does not invalidate the passing of a resolution.
 
  34.3   A written resolution is passed when it is signed by, or in the case of a Shareholder that is a person, on behalf of, the Shareholders who at the date that the notice is given represent such majority of votes as would be required if the resolution was voted on at a meeting of Shareholders at which all Shareholders entitled to attend and vote thereat were present and voting.
 
  34.4   A resolution in writing may be signed in any number of counterparts.
 
  34.5   A resolution in writing made in accordance with this Bye-law is as valid as if it had been passed by the Company in general meeting or by a meeting of the relevant class of Shareholders, as the case may be, and any reference in any Bye-law to a meeting at which a resolution is passed or to Shareholders voting in favour of a resolution shall be construed accordingly.
 
  34.6   A resolution in writing made in accordance with this Bye-law shall constitute minutes for the purposes of the Act.
 
  34.7   This Bye-law shall not apply to:
  (a)   a resolution passed to remove an Auditor from office before the expiration of his term of office; or
 
  (b)   a resolution passed for the purpose of removing a Director before the expiration of his term of office.
  34.8   For the purposes of this Bye-law, the effective date of the resolution is the date when the resolution is signed by, or in the case of a Shareholder that is a corporation whether or not a company within the meaning of the Act, on behalf of, the last Shareholder whose signature results in the necessary voting majority being achieved and any reference in any Bye-law to the date of passing of a resolution is, in relation to a resolution made in accordance with this Bye-law, a reference to such date.
35.   Directors Attendance at General Meetings
 
    The Directors shall be entitled to receive notice of, attend, and be heard at any general meeting.

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DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
36.   Election of Directors
  36.1   The Board of Directors shall be elected or appointed in the first place at the statutory meeting of the Company and thereafter, except in the case of a casual vacancy, at the annual general meeting or at any special general meeting called for that purpose.
 
  36.2   At any general meeting, the Shareholders may authorise the Board to fill any vacancy in their number left unfilled at a general meeting.
37.   Number of Directors
 
    The Board shall consist of not less than five (5) Directors or such number in excess thereof as the Shareholders may determine.
 
38.   Term of Office of Directors
 
    Directors shall hold office for such term as the Shareholders may determine or, in the absence of such determination, until the next annual general meeting or until their successors are elected or appointed or their office is otherwise vacated.
 
39.   Removal of Directors
  39.1   Subject to any provision to the contrary in these Bye-laws, the Shareholders entitled to vote for the election of Directors may, at any special general meeting convened and held in accordance with these Bye-laws, remove a Director provided that the notice of any such meeting convened for the purpose of removing a Director shall contain a statement of the intention so to do and be served on such Director not less than 14 days before the meeting and at such meeting the Director shall be entitled to be heard on the motion for such Director’s removal.
 
  39.2   If a Director is removed from the Board under this Bye-law, the Shareholders may fill the vacancy at the meeting at which such Director is removed. In the absence of such election or appointment, the Board may fill the vacancy.
40.   Vacancy in the Office of Director
 
    The office of Director shall be vacated if the Director:
  (a)   is removed from office pursuant to these Bye-laws or is prohibited from being a Director by law;
 
  (b)   is or becomes bankrupt or insolvent;

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  (c)   is or becomes of unsound mind or a patient for any purpose of any statute or applicable law relating to mental health and the Board resolves that his office is vacated, or dies; or
 
  (d)   resigns his office by notice to the Company.
41.   Directors to Manage Business
 
    The business of the Company shall be managed and conducted by the Board. In managing the business of the Company, the Board may exercise all such powers of the Company as are not, by the Act or by these Bye-laws, required to be exercised by the Company in general meeting.
 
42.   Powers of the Board of Directors
 
    The Board may:
  (a)   appoint, suspend, or remove any manager, secretary, clerk, agent or employee of the Company and may fix their remuneration and determine their duties;
 
  (b)   exercise all the powers of the Company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge its undertaking, property and uncalled capital, or any part thereof, and may issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whether outright or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the Company or any third party;
 
  (c)   appoint one or more Directors to the office of managing director or chief executive officer of the Company, who shall, subject to the control of the Board, supervise and administer all of the general business and affairs of the Company;
 
  (d)   appoint a person to act as manager of the Company’s day-to-day business and may entrust to and confer upon such manager such powers and duties as it deems appropriate for the transaction or conduct of such business;
 
  (e)   by power of attorney, appoint any company, firm, person or body of persons, whether nominated directly or indirectly by the Board, to be an attorney of the Company for such purposes and with such powers, authorities and discretions (not exceeding those vested in or exercisable by the Board) and for such period and subject to such conditions as it may think fit and any such power of attorney may contain such provisions for the protection and convenience of persons dealing with any such attorney as the Board may think fit and may also authorise any such attorney to sub-delegate all or any of the powers, authorities and discretions so vested in the attorney;
 
  (f)   procure that the Company pays all expenses incurred in promoting and incorporating the Company;

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  (g)   designate one or more committees, such committee or committees to have such name or names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board, and each such committee to consist of one or more directors of the Company, which to the extent provided in said resolution or resolutions shall have and may exercise the powers of the Board as may be delegated to such committee in the management of the business and affairs of the Company; provided further that the meetings and proceedings of any such committee shall be governed by the provisions of these Bye-laws regulating the meetings and proceedings of the Board, so far as the same are applicable and are not superseded by directions imposed by the Board. A majority of all the members of any such committee may determine its action and fix the time and place of its meetings, unless the Board shall otherwise provide. The Board shall have power to change the members of any such committee at any time, to fill vacancies and to discharge any such committee, either with or without cause, at any time;
 
  (h)   delegate any of its powers (including the power to sub-delegate) to any person on such terms and in such manner as the Board may see fit;
 
  (i)   present any petition and make any application in connection with the liquidation or reorganisation of the Company;
 
  (j)   in connection with the issue of any share, pay such commission and brokerage as may be permitted by law; and
 
  (k)   authorise any company, firm, person or body of persons to act on behalf of the Company for any specific purpose and in connection therewith to execute any deed, agreement, document or instrument on behalf of the Company.
43.   Register of Directors and Officers
 
    The Secretary shall establish and maintain a Register of the Directors and Officers of the Company as required by the Act. The Register of the Directors and Officers shall be open to inspection without charge at the Registered Office of the Company on every Business Day, subject to such reasonable restrictions as the Board may impose, so that not less than two hours in each Business Day be allowed for inspection. The Register of the Directors and Officers may, after notice has been given in accordance with the Act, be closed for any time or times not exceeding in the whole thirty days in each year.
 
44.   Appointment of Officers
 
    The Board may appoint such officers (who may or may not be Directors) as the Board may determine.
 
45.   Appointment of the CEO Observer
 
    The Board shall designate the chief executive officer as a non-voting observer (the “CEO Observer”) to be present at all meetings of the Board and all committees thereof. The Company shall give the CEO Observer the same notice and information with respect to meetings of the Board and all committees thereof.

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46.   Appointment of Secretary and Resident Representative
 
    The Secretary and Resident Representative, if necessary, shall be appointed by the Board at such remuneration (if any) and upon such terms as it may think fit and any Secretary so appointed may be removed by the Board.
 
47.   Duties of Officers
 
    The Officers shall have such powers and perform such duties in the management, business and affairs of the Company as may be delegated to them by the Board from time to time.
 
48.   Duties of the Secretary
 
    The duties of the Secretary shall be those prescribed by the Act together with such other duties as shall from time to time be prescribed by the Board.
 
49.   Remuneration of Officers
 
    The Officers shall receive such remuneration as the Board may determine.
 
50.   Conflicts of Interest
  50.1   Any Director, or any Director’s firm, partner or any company with whom any Director is associated, may act in any capacity for, be employed by or render services to the Company and such Director or such Director’s firm, partner or company shall be entitled to remuneration as if such Director were not a Director. Nothing herein contained shall authorise a Director or Director’s firm, partner or company to act as Auditor to the Company.
 
  50.2   A Director who is directly or indirectly interested in a contract or proposed contract or arrangement with the Company shall declare the nature of such interest as required by the Act.
 
  50.3   Following a declaration being made pursuant to this Bye-law, a Director may vote in respect of any contract or proposed contract or arrangement in which such Director is interested and may be counted in the quorum for such meeting.
 
  50.4   Subject to the Act and any further disclosure required thereby, a general notice to the Directors by a Director or officer declaring that he is a director or officer or has an interest in any business entity and is to be regarded as interested in any transaction or arrangement made with that business entity shall be sufficient declaration of interest in relation to any transaction or arrangement so made.
51.   Indemnification and Exculpation of Directors and Officers
  51.1   To the fullest extent permitted by the Act, a Director of the Company shall not be liable to the Company or its Shareholders for breach of fiduciary duty as a Director.

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  51.2   Without limitation of any right conferred by Bye-law 51.1, each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (hereinafter a “proceeding”), by reason of the fact that such person is or was a Director, Officer or Resident Representative of the Company, or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a Director, Officer, Resident Representative, employee or agent of another company or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (hereinafter an “indemnitee”), whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity while serving as a Director, Officer, Resident Representative, employee or agent or in any other capacity while serving as a Director, Officer, Resident Representative, employee or agent, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Company to the fullest extent authorized by the Act (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Company to provide broader indemnification rights than permitted prior thereto), against all expense, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, excise taxes or amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such indemnitee in connection therewith and such indemnification shall continue as to an indemnitee who has ceased to be a Director, Officer or Resident Representative and shall inure to the benefit of the indemnitee’s heirs, testators, intestates, executors and administrators; provided, however, except as provided in Bye-law 51.3 with respect to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification, the Company shall indemnify any such indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such indemnitee only if such proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such indemnitee was authorized by the Board. The right to indemnification conferred in this Bye-law 51 shall be a contract right and shall include the right to be paid by the Company, the expenses incurred in defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition (hereinafter an “advancement of expenses”); provided, however, that, if the Act requires, an advancement of expenses incurred by an indemnitee in his capacity as a Director, Officer or Resident Representative shall be made only upon delivery to the Company of an undertaking (hereinafter an “undertaking”), by or on behalf of such indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal (hereinafter a “final adjudication”) that such indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses under this Bye-law or otherwise.
 
  51.3   If a claim under Bye law 51.2 is not paid in full by the Company within 60 days after a written claim has been received by the Company, except in the case of a claim for an advancement of expenses, in which case the applicable period shall be 20 days, the indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Company to recover the unpaid amount of the claim. If successful in whole or in part in any such suit, or in a suit brought by the Company to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of any undertaking, the indemnitee shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting or defending such suit. In (i) any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder (but not in a suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to an advancement of expenses) it shall be a defense that, and (ii) in any suit by the Company to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an

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      undertaking the Company shall be entitled to recover such expenses upon a final adjudication that, the indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the Act. Neither the failure of the Company (including the Board, independent legal counsel, or the Shareholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such suit that indemnification of the indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because the indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the Company, nor an actual determination by the Company (including the Board, independent legal counsel or the Shareholders) that the indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that the indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct or, in the case of such a suit brought by the indemnitee, be a defense to such suit. In any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses hereunder, or by the Company to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the burden of proving that the indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under this Bye-law or otherwise shall be on the Company.
 
  51.4   The rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses conferred in this Bye-law 51 shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, the Company, agreement, vote of Shareholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.
 
  51.5   The Company may purchase and maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any person who is or was a Director, Officer, Resident Representative, employee or agent of the Company or any person who is or was serving at the request of the Company as a Director, Officer, Resident Representative, employer or agent of another company, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Company would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the Act.
MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
52.   Board Meetings
 
    The Board may meet for the transaction of business, adjourn and otherwise regulate its meetings as it sees fit. A resolution put to the vote at a meeting of the Board shall be carried by the affirmative votes of a majority of the votes cast and in the case of an equality of votes the resolution shall fail.
 
53.   Notice of Board Meetings
 
    A Director may, and the Secretary on the requisition of a Director shall, at any time summon a meeting of the Board. Notice of a meeting of the Board shall be deemed to be duly given to a Director and the CEO Observer if it is given to such Director and the CEO Observer orally (including in person or by telephone) or otherwise communicated or sent to such Director and the CEO Observer by post, electronic means or other mode of representing words in a visible form at such Director or the CEO Observer’s last known address or in accordance with any other instructions given by such Director or the CEO Observer to the Company for this purpose.

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54.   Electronic Participation in Meetings
 
    Directors and the CEO Observer may participate in any meeting by such telephonic, electronic or other communication facilities or means as permit all persons participating in the meeting to communicate with each other simultaneously and instantaneously, and participation in such a meeting shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.
 
55.   Quorum at Board Meetings
 
    The quorum necessary for the transaction of business at a meeting of the Board shall be the presence of a majority of directors.
 
56.   Board to Continue in the Event of Vacancy
 
    The Board may act notwithstanding any vacancy in its number but, if and so long as its number is reduced below the number fixed by these Bye-laws as the quorum necessary for the transaction of business at meetings of the Board, the continuing Directors or Director may act for the purpose of (i) summoning a general meeting; or (ii) preserving the assets of the Company.
 
57.   Chairman to Preside
 
    Unless otherwise agreed by a majority of the Directors attending, the Chairman, if there be one, and if not, the President, if there be one, shall act as chairman at all meetings of the Board at which such person is present. In their absence a chairman shall be appointed or elected by the Directors present at the meeting.
 
58.   Written Resolutions
 
    A resolution signed by all the Directors, which may be in counterparts, shall be as valid as if it had been passed at a meeting of the Board duly called and constituted, such resolution to be effective on the date on which the last Director signs the resolution.
 
59.   Validity of Prior Acts of the Board
 
    No regulation or alteration to these Bye-laws made by the Company in a general meeting shall invalidate any prior act of the Board which would have been valid if that regulation or alteration had not been made.
CORPORATE RECORDS
60.   Minutes
 
    The Board shall cause minutes to be duly entered in books provided for the purpose:

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  (a)   of all elections and appointments of Officers;
 
  (b)   of the names of the Directors present at each meeting of the Board and of any committee appointed by the Board; and
 
  (c)   of all resolutions and proceedings of general meetings of the Shareholders, meetings of the Board, meetings of managers and meetings of committees appointed by the Board.
61.   Place Where Corporate Records Kept
 
    Minutes prepared in accordance with the Act and these Bye-laws shall be kept by the Secretary at the Registered Office of the Company.
 
62.   Form and Use of Seal
  62.1   The Company may adopt a seal in such form as the Board may determine. The Board may adopt one or more duplicate seals for use in or outside Bermuda.
 
  62.2   A seal may, but need not, be affixed to any deed, instrument, share certificate or document, and if the seal is to be affixed thereto, it shall be attested by the signature of (i) any Director, or (ii) any Officer, or (iii) the Secretary, or (iv) any person authorised by the Board for that purpose.
 
  62.3   A Resident Representative may, but need not, affix the seal of the Company to certify the authenticity of any copies of documents.
ACCOUNTS
63.   Books of Account
  63.1   The Board shall cause to be kept proper records of account with respect to all transactions of the Company and in particular with respect to:
  (a)   all amounts of money received and expended by the Company and the matters in respect of which the receipt and expenditure relates;
 
  (b)   all sales and purchases of goods by the Company; and
 
  (c)   all assets and liabilities of the Company.
  63.2   Such records of account shall be kept at the Registered Office of the Company, or subject to the Act, at such other place as the Board thinks fit and shall be available for inspection by the Directors during normal business hours.

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64.   Financial Year End
 
    The financial year end of the Company may be determined by resolution of the Board and failing such resolution shall be 31st December in each year.
AUDITS
65.   Annual Audit
 
    Subject to any rights to waive laying of accounts or appointment of an Auditor pursuant to the Act, the accounts of the Company shall be audited at least once in every year.
 
66.   Appointment of Auditor
  66.1   Subject to the Act, at the annual general meeting or at a subsequent special general meeting in each year, an independent representative of the Shareholders shall be appointed by them as Auditor of the accounts of the Company.
 
  66.2   The Auditor may be a Shareholder but no Director, Officer or employee of the Company shall, during his continuance in office, be eligible to act as an Auditor of the Company.
67.   Remuneration of Auditor
 
    Save in the case of an Auditor appointed pursuant to Bye-law 73, the remuneration of the Auditor shall be fixed by the Company in a general meeting or in such manner as the Shareholders may determine. In the case of an Auditor appointed pursuant to Bye-law 73, the remuneration of the Auditor shall be fixed by the Board.
 
68.   Duties of Auditor
  68.1   The financial statements provided for by these Bye-laws shall be audited by the Auditor in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. The Auditor shall make a written report thereon in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards.
 
  68.2   The generally accepted auditing standards referred to in this Bye-law may be those of a country or jurisdiction other than Bermuda or such other generally accepted auditing standards as may be provided for in the Act. If so, the financial statements and the report of the Auditor shall identify the generally accepted auditing standards used.
69.   Change to the Company’s Auditors
 
    No change to the Company’s Auditors may be made save in accordance with the Act and until the same has been approved by a unanimous resolution of the Board and by a Resolution.
 
70.   Access to Records
 
    The Auditor shall at all reasonable times have access to all books kept by the Company and to all accounts and vouchers relating thereto, and the Auditor may call on the Directors or Officers of the Company for any information in their possession relating to the books or affairs of the Company.

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71.   Financial Statements
 
    Subject to any rights to waive laying of accounts pursuant to the Act, financial statements as required by the Act shall be laid before the Shareholders in a general meeting. A resolution in writing made in accordance with Bye-law 34 receiving, accepting, adopting, approving or otherwise acknowledging financial statements shall be deemed to be the laying of such statements before the Shareholders in a general meeting.
 
72.   Distribution of Auditor’s Report
 
    The report of the Auditor shall be submitted to the Shareholders in a general meeting.
 
73.   Vacancy in the Office of Auditor
 
    The Board may fill any casual vacancy in the office of the Auditor.
VOLUNTARY WINDING-UP AND DISSOLUTION
74.   Winding-Up
 
    If the Company shall be wound up the liquidator may, with the sanction of a Resolution, divide amongst the Shareholders in specie or in kind the whole or any part of the assets of the Company (whether they shall consist of property of the same kind or not) and may, for such purpose, set such value as he deems fair upon any property to be divided as aforesaid and may determine how such division shall be carried out as between the Shareholders or different classes of Shareholders. The liquidator may, with the like sanction, vest the whole or any part of such assets in the trustees upon such trusts for the benefit of the Shareholders as the liquidator shall think fit, but so that no Shareholder shall be compelled to accept any shares or other securities or assets whereon there is any liability.
CHANGES TO CONSTITUTION
75.   Changes to Bye-laws
 
    No Bye-law may be rescinded, altered or amended and no new Bye-law may be made save in accordance with the Act and until the same has been approved by a unanimous resolution of the Board and by a Resolution.
 
76.   Changes to the Memorandum of Association
 
    No alteration or amendment to the Memorandum of Association may be made save in accordance with the Act and until same has been approved by a unanimous resolution of the Board and by a Resolution.

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77.   Discontinuance
 
    The Board may exercise all the powers of the Company to discontinue the Company to a jurisdiction outside Bermuda pursuant to the Act.

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SCHEDULE I
[Attached Agreed Form Shareholders’ Agreement]

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SCHEDULE II
[Attached Agreed Form Certificate of Officer of the Company]

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