EX-99.1 2 c72890exv99w1.htm EXHIBIT 99.1 Filed by Bowne Pure Compliance
 

Exhibit 99.1
 
GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2007 and 2006

 

 


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Index
December 31, 2007 and 2006
     
    Page(s)
 
   
Report of Independent Auditors
  1 ~ 2
 
   
Non-consolidated Financial Statements
   
 
   
Balance Sheets
  3 ~ 4
 
   
Statements of Operations
  5
 
   
Statements of Disposition of Accumulated Deficit
  6
 
   
Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
  7
 
   
Statements of Cash Flows
  8 ~ 9
 
   
Notes to Non-consolidated Financial Statements
  10 ~ 43
 
   
Report of Independent Accountants’
Review of Internal Accounting Control System
  44 ~ 45
 
   
Internal Accounting Control Officer’s
Report on the Operations of the Internal Accounting Control System
  46

 

 


 

(LETTERHEAD)
www.samil.com Kukje Center Building 191 Hangangno 2-ga, Yongsan-gu Seoul 140-702, KOREA (Yongsan P.O. Box 266, 140-600) A member firm of
Report of Independent Auditors
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of
GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
We have audited the accompanying non-consolidated balance sheets of GRAVITY Co., Ltd. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related non-consolidated statements of operations, disposition of accumulated deficit and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the statement of changes in shareholders’ equity for the year ended December 31, 2007, expressed in Korean Won. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in conformity with auditing standards generally accepted in the Republic of Korea. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the non-consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of GRAVITY Co., Ltd. as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of its operations, the changes in its accumulated deficit and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the changes in shareholders’ equity for the year ended December 31, 2007 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the Republic of Korea.
 
Samil PricewaterhouseCoopers is the Korean member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers. PricewaterhouseCoopers refers to the network of member firms of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited, each of which is a separate and independent legal entity.

 

1


 

(SAMIL PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS)
Accounting principles and auditing standards and their application in practice vary among countries. The accompanying non-consolidated financial statements are not intended to present the financial position, results of operations, changes in accumulated deficit, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows in conformity with accounting principles and practices generally accepted in countries and jurisdictions other than the Republic of Korea. In addition, the procedures and practices used in the Republic of Korea to audit such financial statements may differ from those generally accepted and applied in other countries. Accordingly, this report and the accompanying non-consolidated financial statements are for use by those who are informed about Korean accounting principles or auditing standards and their application in practice.
 
Seoul, Korea
March 12, 2008
 
This report is effective as of March 12, 2008, the audit report date. Certain subsequent events or circumstances, which may occur between the audit report date and the time of reading this report, could have a material impact on the accompanying non-consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Accordingly, the readers of the audit report should understand that there is a possibility that the above audit report may have to be revised to reflect the impact of such subsequent events or circumstances, if any.

 

2


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Balance Sheets
December 31, 2007 and 2006
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Assets
               
Current assets
               
Cash and cash equivalents (Notes 3, 16)
  45,791,725     31,872,477  
Short-term financial instruments (Note 3)
    6,539,121       45,700,000  
Trade accounts receivable, net (Notes 16, 24)
    3,938,788       1,560,559  
Other accounts receivable, net (Note 16)
    343,715       1,249,675  
Advance payments (Note 10, 24)
    2,066,907       893,309  
Prepaid income taxes
    1,330,561       1,215,753  
Other current assets (Note 4)
    1,190,728       1,384,301  
 
           
Total current assets
    61,201,545       83,876,074  
Equity method investments (Note 5)
    12,526,527       8,326,501  
Available-for-sale securities (Note 6)
    677,685       10,753,372  
Long-term loans receivable, net (Notes 7, 16, 24)
    1,240,598       906,926  
Guarantee deposits
    2,177,855       2,639,355  
Property and equipment, net (Notes 8, 9)
    4,246,307       5,219,076  
Intangible assets (Note 11)
    12,310,768       7,866,352  
Other non-current assets
    967,406       1,495,733  
 
           
Total assets
  95,348,691     121,083,389  
 
           
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
               
Current liabilities
               
Accounts payable (Note 16)
  4,422,899     4,804,104  
Deferred income (Note 24)
    3,134,229       5,753,474  
Withholdings
    221,075       164,444  
Advances received
    31,172       48,379  
Income tax payable
    233,389       162,483  
Leasehold deposit received
    40,920       65,000  
 
           
Total current liabilities
    8,083,684       10,997,884  
Long-term deferred income (Note 24)
    10,147,865       6,111,420  
Accrued severance benefits, net (Note 12)
    224,774       124,169  
Asset retirement obligation (Note 8)
    99,000        
 
           
Total liabilities
    18,555,323       17,233,473  
 
           
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
               
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these non-consolidated financial statements.

 

3


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Balance Sheets
December 31, 2007 and 2006
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Shareholders’ equity
               
Capital stock (Notes 1, 17)
               
Common stock
    3,474,450       3,474,450  
Capital surplus
               
Paid in capital in excess of par value (Note 17)
    73,255,073       73,255,073  
Other capital surplus (Note 18)
    596,508        
Capital adjustments
               
Stock options (Note 18)
    1,597,604       2,016,182  
Accumulated other comprehensive income and expense (Note 21)
               
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities (Note 6)
    (1,120 )     (1,120 )
Net accumulated comprehensive income of equity method investees (Note 5)
    205,973       7,761  
Net accumulated comprehensive expense of equity method investees (Note 5)
    (258,444 )     (384,727 )
(Accumulated deficit) Retained earnings
               
(Undisposed accumulated deficit) Unappropriated retained earnings
    (2,076,676 )     25,482,297  
 
           
Total shareholders’ equity
    76,793,368       103,849,916  
 
           
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  95,348,691     121,083,389  
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these non-consolidated financial statements.

 

4


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Statements of Operations
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
(in thousands of Korean Won, except per share data)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Revenues (Notes 13, 24)
  33,685,656     34,687,370  
 
               
Cost of sales (Note 24)
    13,745,645       11,977,827  
 
           
Gross profit
    19,940,011       22,709,543  
 
               
Selling and administrative expenses (Notes 19, 24)
    29,960,393       32,622,630  
 
           
Operating loss
    (10,020,382 )     (9,913,087 )
 
           
 
               
Non-operating income
               
Interest income (Note 24)
    3,150,414       3,131,453  
Gain on foreign exchange transactions
    374,325       160,480  
Gain on foreign exchange translation (Note 16)
    56,868       56,020  
Gain on foreign currency forward contract transactions
          156,250  
Gain on valuation of equity method investments (Note 5)
    2,074,016       569,600  
Gain on disposal of investment in real property (Note 8)
          1,081,346  
Receipts from former chairman (Note 14)
          4,947,492  
Other income
    174,162       766,478  
 
           
 
    5,829,785       10,869,119  
 
           
Non-operating expenses
               
Interest expense
    72,765       14,351  
Other bad debt expense (Note 24)
    185,000       1,138,429  
Loss on foreign exchange transactions
    141,005       465,824  
Loss on foreign exchange translation (Note 16)
    13,673       576,736  
Loss on valuation of equity method investments (Note 5)
    3,081,868       3,570,538  
Loss on disposal of equity method investments (Note 5)
    2,264,419        
Loss on impairment of available-for-sale securities (Note 6)
    10,075,687        
Loss on disposal of property and equipment
    58,238       29,341  
Loss on impairment of property and equipment (Note 8)
          675,000  
Loss on impairment of intangible assets (Note 11)
          1,487,985  
Settlement cost of class action litigation (Note 13)
    4,619,000        
Other losses
    1,495       186,470  
 
           
 
    20,513,150       8,144,674  
 
           
Loss before income taxes
    (24,703,747 )     (7,188,642 )
 
               
Income tax expense (Note 15)
    2,855,226       11,189,503  
 
           
Net loss
  (27,558,973 )   (18,378,145 )
 
           
 
               
Basic loss per share (Note 22)
  (3,966 )   (2,645 )
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these non-consolidated financial statements.

 

5


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Statements of Disposition of Accumulated Deficit
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
(Date of disposition(appropriation) : March 28, 2008 and March 22, 2007 for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively)
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
(Accumulated deficit before disposition) Retained earnings before appropriation
               
Unappropriated retained earnings carried over from prior year
  25,482,297     43,860,442  
Net loss
    (27,558,973 )     (18,378,145 )
 
           
 
    (2,076,676 )     25,482,297  
Disposition
           
 
           
(Undisposed Accumulated deficit) Unappropriated retained earnings carried forward to subsequent year
  (2,076,676 )   25,482,297  
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these non-consolidated financial statements.

 

6


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity
Year Ended December 31, 2007
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                                 
                            Accumulated              
                            Other     Retained        
                            comprehensive     Earnings        
    Capital     Capital     Capital     Income and     (Accumulated        
    Stock     Surplus     Adjustment     expense     Deficit)     Total  
 
                                               
Balances as of January 1, 2007
  3,474,450     73,255,073     2,016,182     (378,086 )   25,482,298     103,849,917  
Net loss
                            (27,558,973 )     (27,558,973 )
Stock-based compensation expenses (Note 18)
                177,930                   177,930  
Reclassification of forfeited stock options (Note 18)
          596,508       (596,508 )                  
Changes in equity method investees with net accumulated comprehensive income (Note 5)
                      198,212             198,212  
Changes in equity method investees with net accumulated comprehensive expense (Note 5)
                      126,283             126,283  
 
                                   
Balances as of December 31, 2007
  3,474,450     73,851,581     1,597,604     (53,591 )   (2,076,675 )   76,793,369  
 
                                   
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these non-consolidated financial statements.

 

7


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Cash flows from operating activities
               
Net loss
  (27,558,973 )   (18,378,145 )
 
               
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
               
Provision for severance benefits
    100,605       99,712  
Depreciation
    2,748,637       3,093,007  
Amortization of intangible assets
    2,294,798       2,269,521  
Loss on foreign exchange translation
    13,214       117,357  
Loss on valuation of equity method investments
    3,081,868       3,570,538  
Loss on disposal of equity method investments
    2,264,419        
Loss on impairment of available-for-sale securities
    10,075,688        
Bad debt expense
    220,927       1,260,839  
Loss on disposal of property and equipment
    58,238       29,341  
Loss on impairment of property and equipment
          675,000  
Loss on impairment of intangible assets
          1,487,985  
Stock-based compensation expense
    177,930       383,665  
Gain on foreign exchange translation
    (29,062 )     (51,346 )
Gain on valuation of equity method investments
    (2,074,016 )     (569,600 )
Reversal of allowance for doubtful accounts
    (17,774 )      
Gain on disposal of property and equipment
    (2,452 )     (9,280 )
Gain on disposal of investment in real property
          (1,081,346 )
Gain on disposal of other investment asset
    (26,000 )      
 
               
Changes in
               
Trade accounts receivable
    (2,393,795 )     2,611,471  
Other accounts receivable
    826,234       3,583,993  
Advances payments
    (1,560,134 )     (418,459 )
Prepaid income taxes
    (114,809 )     (382,052 )
Tax refund receivable
    (5,345 )     (132,051 )
Current deferred income tax assets
          1,831,495  
Long-term prepaid expenses
    (46,108 )      
Non-current deferred income tax assets
          5,982,079  
Accounts payable
    (199,867 )     (6,391,250 )
Advance received
    (17,206 )     (295,822 )
Withholdings
    56,631       (1,002,277 )
Deferred revenue
    (3,769,608 )     894,134  
Income tax payables
    70,906       (531,463 )
Long-term deferred revenue
    5,186,809       2,899,764  
Other current assets
    84,547       193,565  
 
           
 
               
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
    (10,553,698 )     1,740,375  
 
           

 

8


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Cash flows from investing activities
               
Proceeds from disposal of short-term financial instruments
    39,160,879       14,110,519  
Redemption of short-term loans receivables
    62,500       51,611  
Proceeds from disposal of equity method investments
    68,421        
Redemption of long-term loans receivable
    21,389        
Proceeds from disposal of investment in real properties
          9,180,483  
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment
    109,216       358,464  
Decrease in guarantee deposits
    461,500       62,253  
Decrease in other noncurrent assets
    519,700        
Payment for short-term loans receivable
    (71,111 )     (89,667 )
Acquisition of equity method investments
    (7,037,781 )     (2,214,059 )
Acquisition of available-for-sale securities
          (9,885,492 )
Payment for long-term loans receivable
    (744,139 )     (2,474,843 )
Acquisition of property and equipment
    (1,841,870 )     (1,559,281 )
Acquisition of intangible assets
    (6,352,678 )     (2,186,949 )
Others
    76,000       (19,699 )
 
           
Net cash provided by investing activities
    24,432,026       5,333,340  
 
           
 
               
Cash flows from financing activities
               
Increase in leasehold deposit received
    40,920        
 
           
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
    13,919,248       7,073,715  
 
               
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 23)
               
Beginning of year
    31,872,477       24,798,762  
 
           
End of year
  45,791,725     31,872,477  
 
           
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these non-consolidated financial statements.

 

9


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
1.  
The Company
 
   
GRAVITY Co., Ltd. (the “Company”) was incorporated on April 4, 2000, to engage in developing and distributing online games and other related business principally in the Republic of Korea and other countries in Asia, United States and Europe.
 
   
The Company maintains a single business segment engaged in developing online games, software licensing and other related services. The Company’s principal game product, “RAGNAROK”, a massive multi-player online role-playing game, was commercially launched in August 2002.
 
   
The Company founded Gravity Interactive, Inc. (“Interactive”), a wholly owned US-based subsidiary and acquired 100% of the voting shares of Gravity Entertainment Corp., a Japanese subsidiary. In 2005, the Company acquired 96.11% of the voting shares of NeoCyon, Inc. and in 2006 the Company founded Gravity EU SASU, a wholly owned Europe-based subsidiary.
 
   
In October 2007, the Company founded Gravity RUS Co., Ltd., a Russia-based subsidiary, and acquired 99.99% of the voting shares, and it disposed of 100% of the voting shares of Gravity CIS Co., Ltd. to Gravity RUS Co., Ltd. in December 2007. In May 2007, the Company founded Gravity Middle East & Africa FZ-LLC, a wholly owned Dubai-based subsidiary. In addition, Gravity Interactive, Inc. founded L5 Games Inc., as a wholly owned subsidiary, in November 2007.
 
   
On February 8, 2005, in an initial public offering, the Company registered 8,000,000 shares of American Depository Shares (“ADS”) on the NASDAQ in the United States of America. Of the total shares registered, the Company sold 5,600,000 shares ADSs, and the existing shareholders sold 2,400,000 ADSs. Four ADS are equivalent to one common share.
 
   
As of December 31, 2007, the total paid-in capital amounts to 3,474,450 thousand.
 
   
The Company’s major shareholders and their respective percentage of ownership as of December 31, 2007 are as follows:
                 
            Percentage of  
    Number of shares     ownership (%)  
 
               
Son Asset Management, LLC
    3,640,619       52.39  
Ramius Capital Group, LLC
    683,895       9.84  
Moon Capital Management LP
    591,937       8.52  
LaGrange Capital Administration, LLC
    483,193       6.95  
Government of Singapore Investment Corporation Pte Ltd.
    321,733       4.63  
Others
    1,227,523       17.67  
 
           
 
    6,948,900       100.00  
 
           
   
On November 20, 2007, Son Asset Management, LLC became a principal shareholder by acquiring 52.39% of the voting shares from EZER, INC., the former principal shareholder, and has been exercising exclusive ownership and voting rights over the Company until the end of 2007. Subsequently on February 13, 2008, Son Asset Management, LLC. disposed of 52.39% of the voting shares to Heartis Inc., resulting in a change of principal shareholder.

 

10


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
2.  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
   
Basis of Presentation
The Company maintains its accounting records in Korean Won and prepares statutory financial statements in the Korean language (Hangul) in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in the Republic of Korea. Certain accounting principles applied by the Company that conform with financial accounting standards and accounting principles in the Republic of Korea may not conform with generally accepted accounting principles in other countries. Accordingly, these non-consolidated financial statements are intended for use by those who are informed about Korean accounting principles and practices. The accompanying non-consolidated financial statements have been condensed, reformatted and translated into English from the Korean language financial statements.
 
   
The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed by the Company in the preparation of its non-consolidated financial statements. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.
 
   
In 2007, the Company adopted the following new Statements of Korean Financial Accounting Standards (SKFAS) issued by the Korea Accounting Standards Board:
   
SKFAS No. 21, Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements
 
   
SKFAS No. 22, Share-Based Compensation
 
   
SKFAS No. 23, Earnings Per Share
   
In accordance with SKFAS No. 21, Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements I, the Company’s financial statements include the statement of changes in shareholders’ equity. The Company classified its capital adjustments account into capital adjustments and accumulated other comprehensive income and expense, and also disclosed the details of its comprehensive income in the notes to the financial statements. In addition, the Company disclosed its earnings per share on the face of its statements of operations. However, the statement of changes in shareholders’ equity is not presented comparatively as allowed under SKFAS No. 21.
 
   
Certain prior year accounts, presented herein for comparative purposes, have been reclassified to conform to current year’s financial statement presentation. Such reclassification does not impact the net loss or net assets reported in the prior year.
 
   
Accounting Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported therein. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions that the Company may undertake in the future, actual results may differ from those estimates.

 

11


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
   
Revenue Recognition
Prepaid online game subscriptions are recognized as revenue upon their actual usage.
 
   
The Company licenses the right to sell and distribute its games in exchange for an initial prepaid license fee and guaranteed minimum royalty payments. The prepaid license fee revenues are deferred and recognized ratably over the license period. The guaranteed minimum royalty payments are deferred and recognized as the royalties are earned. In addition, the Company receives a royalty payment based on a specified percentage of the licensees’ sales. These royalties, that exceed the guaranteed minimum royalty, are recognized on a monthly basis, as the related revenues are earned by the licensees. Revenue from mobile and other sales is recognized when goods are trasferred or service is provided completely.
 
   
Interest income is recognized using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognized when the rights to receive such dividends and amounts thereof are determined.
 
   
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash in banks, and financial instruments with maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase. These financial instruments are readily convertible into cash without significant transaction costs and bear low risks from changes in value due to interest rate fluctuations.
 
   
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts and notes receivable. Allowances are calculated based on the estimates made through a reasonable and objective method.
 
   
Inventories
The quantities of inventories are determined using the perpetual method and periodic inventory count, while the costs of inventories are determined using the weighted average method. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less applicable variable selling expenses. If, however, the circumstances which caused the valuation loss cease to exist, the valuation loss is reversed up to the original carrying amount before valuation. The aforementioned reversal is deducted from cost of sales.
 
   
Investments in Securities
Costs of securities are determined using the weighted average method. Investments in equity securities or debt securities are classified into trading securities, available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities, depending on the acquisition and holding purpose. Investments in equity securities of companies, over which the Company exercises a significant control or influence, are recorded using the equity method of accounting. Trading securities are classified as current assets while available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities are classified as long-term investments, excluding those securities that mature or are certain to be disposed of within one year, which are then classified as current assets.
 
   
Held-to-maturity securities are measured at amortized cost while available-for-sale and trading securities are measured at fair value. However, non-marketable securities, classified as available-for-sale securities, are carried at cost when the fair values are not readily determinable. Non-marketable debt securities are carried at a value using the present value of future cash flows, discounted at a reasonable interest rate determined by considering the credit ratings provided by independent credit rating agencies.

 

12


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
   
Gains and losses related to trading securities are recognized in the statements of operations, while unrealized gains and losses of available-for-sale securities are recognized under other comprehensive income and expense. Realized gains and losses of available-for-sale securities are recognized in the statements of operations.
 
   
Equity Method Investments
Investees over which the Company can exercise significant influence should reflect any changes in equity after the initial purchase date. Under the equity method, the Company records changes in its proportionate ownership in the book value of the investee in current operations, as capital adjustments or as adjustments to retained earnings, depending on the nature of the underlying change in the book value of the investee. All other changes in equity should be accounted for under other comprehensive income and expense.
 
   
The Company discontinues the equity method of accounting for investments in equity method investees when the Company’s share in the accumulated losses of the investees equals the costs of the investments and until the subsequent cumulative changes in its proportionate net income of the investees equals its cumulative proportionate net losses not recognized during the periods when the equity method was suspended.
 
   
Differences between the initial purchase price and the Company’s initial proportionate ownership in the net book value of the investee are amortized over a reasonable period and the amortization is charged as an investment.
 
   
Unrealized gains (losses) arising from sales between the Company and its equity method investees is eliminated up to the extent of the Company’s ownership. Unrealized gains (losses) arising from sales between the Company and its subsidiaries is fully eliminated.
 
   
Foreign currency financial statements of equity method investees are translated into Korean won using the exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date for assets and liabilities, and annual average exchange rates for income and expenses. Any resulting translation gain or loss is included under the other comprehensive income and expense account, a component of shareholders’ equity.
 
   
Property and Equipment, and Related Depreciation
Property and equipment are stated at cost, which includes acquisition cost, production cost and other costs required to prepare the asset for its intended use. It also includes the present value of the estimated cost of dismantling and removing the asset, and restoring the site after the termination of the asset’s useful life, provided it meets the criteria for recognition of provisions.
 
   
Property and equipment are stated net of accumulated depreciation calculated based on the straight-line method and following estimated useful lives:
         
    Estimated Useful Lives  
 
       
Computers and other equipment
  4 years
Vehicles
  4 years
Furniture and fixtures
  4 years
Leasehold improvements
  2 years

 

13


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
   
Expenditures incurred after the acquisition or completion of assets are capitalized if they enhance the value of the related assets over their recently appraised value or extend the useful life of the related assets. Routine maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.
 
   
Leases
An operating lease is a lease that does not transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of an asset. The annual minimum lease payments, less guaranteed residual value, are charged to expense on a regular basis over the lease term.
 
   
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are stated at cost, which includes acquisition cost, production cost and other costs required to prepare the asset for its intended use.
 
   
Intangible assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives of the asset.
         
    Estimated Useful Lives  
 
       
Development costs
  3 years
Software
  3 years
Other intangible assets
  3 years
   
Ordinary research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Development costs and acquisition costs for rights to distribute online games directly relating to a new technology or new products with probable future benefits are capitalized as intangible assets. Amortization of development costs is computed using the straight-line method over three years from the commencement of the commercial production of the related products or use of the related technology. Such costs are subject to periodic review of their recoverability. In the event that such amounts are determined to be not recoverable, they are either written down or written off from the accounts.
 
   
Impairment of Assets
When the book value of an asset is significantly greater than its recoverable value due to obsolescence, physical damage or an abrupt decline in the market value of the asset, the said decline in value is deducted from the book value to correspond with the recoverable amount and is recognized as an asset impairment loss for the period. When the recoverable value subsequently exceeds the book value, the impairment amount is recognized as gain for the period to the extent that the revised book value does not exceed the book value that would have been recorded without the impairment. Reversal of impairment of goodwill is not allowed.
 
   
Derivatives
All derivative instruments are accounted for at their fair value according to the rights and obligations associated with the derivative contracts. The resulting changes in fair value of derivative instruments are recognized either under the statements of operations or shareholders’ equity, depending on whether the derivative instruments qualify as a cash flow hedge. Fair value hedge accounting is applied to a derivative instrument purchased with the purpose of hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset or a liability or a firm commitment that is attributable to a particular risk. The resulting changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges are recognized under the shareholders’ equity under accumulated other comprehensive income and expense.

 

14


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
   
Income Tax and Deferred Income Tax
Income tax expense includes the current income tax under the relevant income tax law and the changes in deferred tax assets or liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent temporary differences between financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets are recognized for temporary differences which will decrease future taxable income or operating loss to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized. Deferred tax effects applicable to items in the shareholders’ equity are directly reflected in the shareholders’ equity.
 
   
The balance sheet distinguishes the current and non-current portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities, whose balances are offset against each other.
 
   
Retirement Pension
With regards to the defined contribution pension plan, the Company recognizes as an expense the severance benefits provided for in the period.
 
   
Accrued Severance Benefits
Employees and directors, who are not participating in the pension plan, but with at least one year of service are entitled to receive a lump-sum payment upon termination of their employment with the Company based on their length of service and rate of pay at the time of termination. Accrued severance benefits represent the amount which would be payable assuming all eligible employees and directors were to terminate their employment as of the balance sheet date.
 
   
Provisions and Contingent Liabilities
When there is a probability that an outflow of economic benefits will occur due to a present obligation resulting from a past event, and whose amount is reasonably estimable, a corresponding amount of provision is recognized in the financial statements. However, when such outflow is dependent upon a future event, is not certain to occur, or cannot be reliably estimated, a disclosure regarding the contingent liability is made in the notes to the financial statements.
 
   
Translation of Assets and Liabilities Denominated in Foreign Currencies
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into Korean won at the rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet date, and the resulting translation gains and losses are recognized in current operations.
 
   
Share-based Payments
The Company accounts for stock options granted after December 31, 2006, in compliance with SKFAS No. 22, Share-Based Compensation.
 
   
For stock options granted to its employees and directors before 2007, the Company used the fair-value method in determining compensation costs which are accrued as a charge to expense over the vesting period, with a corresponding increase in a separate component of shareholders’ equity as capital adjustments.
 
   
In case of equity-settled share-based payment, the fair value of the goods or employee services received in exchange for the grant of the options is recognized as an expense and a capital adjustment. If the fair value of goods or employee services cannot be estimated reliably, the fair value is estimated based on the fair value of the equity granted.

 

15


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
   
For cash-settled share-based payment, the fair value of the obligation the Company will assume is determined by the fair value of the goods or employee services received in exchange for the grant of the options. Until the liability is settled, the Company is required to measure the fair value at balance sheet date and at settlement date. The change in fair value is recognized as an expense.
 
   
Share-based payment transactions with an option for the parties to choose between cash and equity settlement are accounted for based on the substance of the transaction.
 
   
Approval of Financial Statements
The Company’s non-consolidated December 31, 2007 financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on March 12, 2008.

 

16


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
3.  
Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Short-Term Financial Instruments
 
   
Cash and cash equivalents, and short-term financial instruments as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 consist of the following:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                         
        Annual            
        Interest            
    Bank   Rate (%)   2007     2006  
Cash and cash equivalents
                       
Deposits on demand
  Citibank and others   0.1~4.5   4,169,788     1,499  
Foreign currency
  Kookmin Bank and others   0.17~1.43     4,379,907       17,031,091  
Deposits
  Kookmin Bank and others   5.5~6.3     37,000,000       1,000,000  
MMDA
  Hana Bank and others   0.1~1.45     242,030       9,853,459  
CMA
  Hana Daetoo Securities Co., Ltd.   N/A           3,986,428  
 
                   
 
          45,791,725     31,872,477  
 
                   
Short-term financial instruments
                 
Time deposits
  Korea Exchange Bank and others   5.01~5.8   6,539,121     45,700,000  
 
                   
4.  
Other Current Assets
 
   
Other current assets as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 consist of the following:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
Accrued income (Note 24)
  250,094     487,777  
Tax refund receivable
    444,544       439,199  
Prepaid expenses
    388,056       401,787  
Short-term loans receivable (Note 7)
    63,333       38,056  
Inventories
    44,701       17,482  
 
           
 
  1,190,728     1,384,301  
 
           

 

17


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
5.  
Equity Method Investments
 
   
Equity method investments as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 consist of the following:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                                         
            2007     2006  
    Percentage of     Acqusition     Net asset             Acqusition     Net asset        
Investees   ownership(%)     cost     value     Book value     cost     value     Book value  
 
                                                       
Gravity Interactive, Inc.1
    100.00     4,636,784     4,846,888     4,839,637     49,784     866,734     861,355  
Gravity Entertainment Corp.
    100.00       1,763,994       364,883       364,883       1,763,994       308,926       308,926  
Gravity CIS Co., Ltd.2
                            19,300              
Gravity EU SASU
    100.00       2,194,760       1,092,828       1,092,828       2,194,760       2,084,616       2,084,616  
Gravity Middle East & Africa FZ-LLC3
    100.00       1,979,640       1,936,010       1,936,010                    
Gravity RUS Co., Ltd.4
    99.99       471,141       451,490       451,490                    
TriggerSoft Corp.5
                            1,626,737             294,553  
NeoCyon, Inc.
    96.11       7,715,763       2,060,876       3,841,679       7,715,763       1,068,364       4,777,051  
 
                                           
Total
          18,762,082     10,752,975     12,526,527     13,370,338     4,328,640     8,326,501  
 
                                           
     
1  
On November 30, 2007, the Company subscribed to common shares amounting to $5,000,000.
 
2  
On December 12, 2007, the Company sold all shares of Gravity CIS Co., Ltd. to Gravity RUS Co., Ltd.
 
3  
On May 7, 2007, the Company founded a wholly owned Middle East & Africa-based subsidiary in the United Arab Emirates.
 
4  
On October 2, 2007, the Company founded a Russia-based subsidiary and acquired 99.99% of the voting shares of the subsidiary.
 
5  
On October 10, 2007, the liquidation of TriggerSoft Corp. was completed.

 

18


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
   
Details of changes in the differences between the initial purchase price and the Company’s initial proportionate ownership in the net book value of the investee for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                 
    2007  
Investee   Beginning     Increase     Amortization     Ending  
 
                               
NeoCyon, Inc.
  4,096,814         1,927,887     2,168,927  
 
                       
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                 
    2006  
Investee   Beginning     Increase     Amortization     Ending  
 
                               
NeoCyon, Inc.
  6,806,272         2,709,458     4,096,814  
 
                       
   
Differences between cost of investment and underlying book value incurred in 2005 consist of intangible assets and goodwill. Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over three and five years for intangible assets and goodwill, respectively, and recorded as loss from equity method investments.
 
   
Details of the elimination of unrealized gain or loss arising from inter-company transactions with equity method investee are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Gravity Interactive, Inc.
               
Inventories
  7,251      
Property and equipment
          5,830  
 
           
 
  7,251     5,830  
 
           

 

19


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
   
Changes in investments in subsidiaries and affiliates accounted for using the equity method for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                         
    2007  
            Acquisition     Valuation     Changes in        
Investees   Beginning     (Disposal)     Gain/Loss     Equity     Ending  
 
                                       
Gravity Interactive, Inc.
  861,355     4,587,000     (714,773 )   106,055     4,839,637  
Gravity Entertainment Corp.
    308,926             35,729       20,228       364,883  
Gravity CIS Co., Ltd.1
                (199,161 )            
Gravity EU SASU
    2,084,616             (1,160,497 )     168,709       1,092,828  
Gravity Middle East & Africa FZ-LLC
          1,979,640       (55,499 )     11,869       1,936,010  
Gravity RUS Co., Ltd.
          450,421       (16,565 )     17,634       451,490  
TriggerSoft Corp.2
    294,553       (2,332,840 )     2,038,287              
NeoCyon, Inc.
    4,777,051             (935,372 )           3,841,679  
 
                             
Total
  8,326,501     4,684,221     (1,007,851 )   324,495     12,526,527  
 
                             
     
1  
With respect to Gravity CIS Co., Ltd., the book value of this equity method investment became negative after reflecting the loss from equity method investment. The amount of 199,161 thousand was recorded as bad debt related to long-term loans receivable due from Gravity CIS Co., Ltd. In addition, on December 12, 2007, the Company sold all shares of Gravity CIS Co., Ltd. to Gravity RUS Co., Ltd. and recorded a gain of 20,720 thousand on the sale.
 
2  
Upon the completion of liquidation of TriggerSoft Corp. in 2007, the Company received liquidation dividend amounting to 68,421 thousand and the remaining balance of 2,264,419 thousand was recorded as loss on disposal of equity method investments.

 

20


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                         
    2006  
            Acquisition     Valuation     Changes in        
Investees   Beginning     (Disposal)     Gain/Loss     Equity     Ending  
 
                                       
Gravity Interactive, Inc.
  659,498         275,047     (73,190 )   861,355  
Gravity Entertainment Corp.
    570,505             (219,756 )     (41,823 )     308,926  
Gravity CIS Co., Ltd.1
          19,300       (535,107 )            
Gravity EU SASU
          2,194,760       (117,905 )     7,761       2,084,616  
TriggerSoft Corp.2
                294,553             294,553  
NeoCyon, Inc.
    7,474,822             (2,697,771 )           4,777,051  
 
                             
Total
  8,704,825     2,214,060     (3,000,939 )   (107,252 )   8,326,501  
 
                             
     
1  
With respect to Gravity CIS Co., Ltd., the book value of this equity method investment became negative after reflecting the loss from equity method investment. The amount of 515,807 thousand was recorded as bad debt related to long-term loans receivable due from Gravity CIS Co., Ltd.
 
2  
With respect to TriggerSoft Corp., the Company recorded 1,138,429 thousand as bad debt allowance for long-term loans receivable and reversed this expense into a gain from equity method investment.
   
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income and expense from equity method investments are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                 
    2007  
Investees   Beginning     Increase     Decrease     Ending  
 
                               
Gravity Interactive, Inc.
  (139,927 )       106,055     (33,872 )
Gravity Entertainment Corp.
    (244,800 )           20,228       (224,572 )
Gravity CIS Co., Ltd.1
                       
Gravity EU SASU
    7,761       168,709             176,470  
Gravity Middle East & Asia FZ-LLC
          11,869             11,869  
Gravity RUS Co., Ltd.
          17,634             17,634  
 
                       
Total
  (376,966 )   198,212     126,283     (52,471 )
 
                       
     
1  
The Company has not recognized a loss of 125,804 thousand as accumulated other comprehensive income and expense as the book value of investment became nil.

 

21


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                 
    2006  
Investees   Beginning     Increase     Decrease     Ending  
 
                               
Gravity Interactive, Inc.1
  (48,385 )       (91,542 )   (139,927 )
Gravity Entertainment Corp.
    (202,977 )           (41,823 )     (244,800 )
Gravity CIS Co., Ltd.2
                       
Gravity EU SASU
          7,761             7,761  
 
                       
Total
  (251,362 )   7,761     (133,365 )   (376,966 )
 
                       
     
1  
The Company recognized the deferred tax asset of 18,352 thousand, which was directly added to the shareholders’ equity in 2005, as increase in changes in equity method investees with net accumulated comprehensive expense since the deferred tax asset was not expected to be realized as of December 31, 2006.
 
2  
The Company has not recognized a loss of 25,396 thousand as accumulated other comprehensive income and expense as the book value of investment became nil.
   
Use of Unaudited Financial Statements
The unaudited financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 were used in the valuation of the said equity investments. The Company believes that any difference between the audited and unaudited financial statements will not be material.
 
   
Summary of financial information of major equity method investees are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                 
    2007  
Investees   Assets     Liabilities     Revenue     Net income  
 
                               
Gravity Interactive, Inc.
  5,381,276     534,388     2,614,323     (712,902 )
Gravity Entertainment Corp.
    831,124       466,241       29,959       35,729  
Gravity EU SASU
    1,423,736       330,908       181,092       (1,160,497 )
Gravity Middle East & Asia FZ-LLC
    1,962,958       26,948             (55,499 )
Gravity RUS Co., Ltd.
    472,806       21,295             (16,582 )
NeoCyon, Inc.
    3,986,359       1,842,070       5,485,758       1,032,684  
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                 
    2006  
Investees   Assets     Liabilities     Revenue     Net income  
 
                               
Gravity Interactive, Inc.
  1,130,688     263,955     2,828,386     258,644  
Gravity Entertainment Corp.
    741,011       432,084       22,813       (219,756 )
Gravity CIS Co., Ltd.
    646,626       1,719,287       6,334       (930,072 )
Gravity EU SASU
    2,139,169       54,553             (117,905 )
TriggerSoft Corp.
    290,714       2,192,436       298,004       (957,318 )
NeoCyon, Inc.
    2,448,132       1,336,527       3,849,384       369,755  

 

22


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
6.  
Available-For-Sale securities
 
   
Available-for-sale securities of the Company as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 consist of the following:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                         
    2007  
    Acquisition     Market Value or        
    Cost     Net Asset Value     Book Value  
 
                       
Non-marketable available-for-sale
  2,114,364     597,231     657,365  
Government bonds
    21,440       20,320       20,320  
 
                 
Total
  2,135,804     617,551     677,685  
 
                 
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                         
    2006  
    Acquisition     Market Value or        
    Cost     Net Asset Value     Book Value  
 
                       
Non-marketable available-for-sale
  10,733,052     2,951,550     10,733,052  
Government bonds
    21,440       20,320       20,320  
 
                 
Total
  10,754,492     2,971,870     10,753,372  
 
                 
   
Non-marketable available-for-sale securities of the Company as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 consist of the following:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                         
            Percentage of     2007  
    Number     ownership     Acqusition     Net asset        
    of shares     (%)     cost     value     Book value  
 
                                       
Online Game Revolution
                                       
Fund No.1
          15.15     2,114,364     597,231     657,365  
Perpetual Entertainment, Inc.
    19,226,661       16.76       8,618,688              
 
                                 
Total
                  10,733,052     597,231     657,365  
 
                                 
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                         
            Percentage of     2006  
    Number     ownership     Acqusition     Net asset        
    of shares     (%)     cost     value     Book value  
 
                                       
Online Game Revolution Fund No.1
          13.89     2,114,364     1,710,451     2,114,364  
Perpetual Entertainment, Inc.
    19,226,661       16.76       8,618,688       1,241,099       8,618,688  
 
                                 
Total
                  10,733,052     2,951,550     10,733,052  
 
                                 

 

23


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
   
The Company has invested ¥250,000,000 in “Online Game Revolution Fund No.1” as of the end of 2006 and classified the investment as available-for-sale securities. However, the Company recognized 1,457,000 thousand, the difference between the realizable value and the carrying value of the investment amount, as a loss on impairment of available-for-securities due to the poor performance of the Shin Sangokumusou BB (Dynasty Warriors BB) project, a major component of the “Online Game Revolution Fund No.1,” and uncertainty in the realizability of any value from this investment.
 
   
On May 12, 2006, the Company entered into an agreement to invest in Perpetual Entertainment, Inc. (“Perpetual”), a game development company in the United States, and acquired Series D preferred stock amounting to US$9,000,000. Perpetual Entertainment, Inc. has been in the process of liquidation since October 2007 due to its poor financial condition from developing the games ‘Gods & Heroes’ and ‘Star Trek Online.’ Therefore, the Company determined that the investment amount will not be recoverable and recognized the total related amount of 8,618,688 thousand as a loss on impairment of available-for-securities in 2007.
 
7.  
Short-Term and Long-Term Loans Receivable
 
   
Short-term and long-term loans receivable of the Company as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 consist of the following:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                     
    Annual            
    Interest Rate            
    (%)   2007     2006  
 
                   
Loans for employee housing
  2.0~3.0   142,500     66,389  
Loans to TriggerSoft Corp., net of allowance of 1,990,000 thousand in 2006.1
             
Loans to Gravity CIS Co., Ltd., net of allowance of 714,969 thousand (2006 : 515,807 thousand)
  4.9     1,161,431       878,593  
 
               
 
        1,303,931       944,982  
Less : Short-term portion
      63,333       38,056  
 
               
Long-term loans receivable
      1,240,598     906,926  
 
               
     
1  
The loan amount of 2,157,226 thousand related to TriggerSoft Corp. was written-off in 2007.

 

24


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
8.  
Property and Equipment
 
   
Changes in property and equipment as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                         
    2007  
    Computer                     Leasehold        
    and other             Furniture     improve-        
    Equipment     Vehicles     and fixtures     ments     Total  
 
                                       
Beginning
  4,191,243     159,504     623,904     244,425     5,219,076  
Acquisition 1
    1,754,415       43,009       38,646       104,800       1,940,870  
Disposal and retirement
    (60,916 )     (75,836 )     (28,250 )           (165,002 )
Depreciation
    (2,126,175 )     (62,726 )     (221,369 )     (338,367 )     (2,748,637 )
 
                             
Ending
  3,758,567     63,951     412,931     10,858     4,246,307  
 
                             
Acquisition cost
  11,061,812     195,420     864,331     614,600     12,736,163  
Accumulated depreciation
    (7,303,245 )     (131,469 )     (451,400 )     (603,742 )     (8,489,856 )
     
1  
In 2007, the Company recognized the estimated amount of 99,000 thousand as an acquisition cost, which is to be used for restoration in relation to leasehold improvements.
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                         
    2006  
    Computer                     Leasehold        
    and other             Furniture     improve-        
    Equipment     Vehicles     and fixtures     ments     Total  
 
                                       
Beginning
  6,042,359     252,917     1,153,759     407,292     7,856,327  
Acquisition
    1,411,896             62,585       84,800       1,559,281  
Disposal and retirement
    (30,505 )     (7,287 )     (340,733 )           (378,525 )
Depreciation
    (2,507,507 )     (86,126 )     (251,707 )     (247,667 )     (3,093,007 )
Impairment
    (675,000 )                       (675,000 )
Transfer
    (50,000 )                       (50,000 )
 
                             
Ending
  4,191,243     159,504     623,904     244,425     5,219,076  
 
                             
Acquisition cost
  9,619,135     317,872     891,384     509,800     11,338,191  
Accumulated depreciation
    (5,427,892 )     (158,368 )     (267,480 )     (265,375 )     (6,119,115 )
On May 26, 2006, the Company sold its land and building to Yaho Communication Corp which it reclassified as investment in real properties in 2005 and recognized 1,081,346 thousand as a gain on disposal of investment in real properties.

 

25


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
Impairment of Property and Equipment
The Company recognized the difference between the realizable value and the carrying value of a certain equipment as an impairment loss. The carrying value balance after the impairment is reclassified as other investment assets. The Company disposed of this equipment in 2007 and a gain on sale amounting to 26,000 thousand was recognized in current operations.
9.  
Insurance
Property and equipment covered by insurance policies as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                         
            Amount Insured  
Properties   Insurance Company   Type of Insurance   2007     2006  
 
                       
Buildings
  Meritz Fire & Marine Insurance Co., Ltd.1   Fire Insurance   12,463,000     18,225,000  
Furniture and fixtures
  Meritz Fire & Marine Insurance Co., Ltd.   Fire Insurance     8,326,439       3,500,000  
All the vehicles not included in the table above are insured under liability insurance and comprehensive insurance. The Company maintains accident insurance for officers and employees with Hyundai Marine & Fire Insurance Co., Ltd. In addition, the Company carries directors and officers’ liability insurance with indemnities of US $10 million per litigation with Hyundai Marine & Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.
     
1  
The Company carries fire insurance with Meritz Fire & Marine Insurance Co., Ltd. for the main office which the Company leases from Meritz Fire & Marine Insurance Co., Ltd.

 

26


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
10.  
Operating Lease
The Company has entered into a lease agreement with Meritz Fire & Marine Insurance Co., Ltd. Guarantee deposit related to operating lease as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 is \1,875,230 thousand.
In addition, the Company entered into a lease agreement with Korea IT Industry Promotion Agency to move its office to Sangam-Dong and paid in advance 585,642 thousand out of a total contracted guarantee deposit of 1,171,283 thousand as of December 31, 2007.
Future lease payments under operating lease as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Less than one year
  2,198,578     3,052,555  
One year to five years
    4,435,123        
 
           
Total
  6,633,701     3,052,555  
 
           
The original term of the lease agreement with Meritz Fire and Marine Insurance Co., Ltd. is from December 5, 2005 to December 4, 2007, but the Company extended the agreement term until February 25, 2008.
The term of lease agreement with Korea IT Industry Promotion Agency is from February 1, 2008 to January 30, 2013. The Company used the expiration date of the lease agreement for calculating the remaining lease term and future lease payments.
Lease payments recognized in operations for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Rent
  3,451,527     3,133,545  
 
           

 

27


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
11.  
Intangible Assets
Changes in intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                 
    2007  
    Development                    
    costs     Software     Others     Total  
 
                               
Beginning balance
  6,180,938     1,577,442     107,972     7,866,352  
Acquisition
    5,371,143       1,340,827       27,244       6,739,214  
Amortization
    (1,006,714 )     (1,235,734 )     (52,350 )     (2,294,798 )
 
                       
Ending balance
  10,545,367     1,682,535     82,866     12,310,768  
 
                       
Accumulated impairment
  (1,368,153 )   (113,333 )   (23,040 )   (1,504,526 )
 
                       
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                 
    2006  
    Development                    
    costs     Software     Others     Total  
 
                               
Beginning balance
  6,869,259     2,374,536     101,591     9,345,386  
Acquisition
    1,130,362       1,056,587       91,523       2,278,472  
Amortization
    (467,071 )     (1,740,348 )     (62,102 )     (2,269,521 )
Impairment 1
    (1,351,612 )     (113,333 )     (23,040 )     (1,487,985 )
 
                       
Ending balance
  6,180,938     1,577,442     107,972     7,866,352  
 
                       
Accumulated impairment
  (1,368,153 )   (113,333 )   (23,040 )   (1,504,526 )
 
                       
     
1  
The carrying value of the asset is reduced to its realizable value by recording an impairment loss due to technological obsolescence.
The amortization expenses of intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 are charged to the following accounts:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Cost of sales
  1,383,315     1,139,166  
Selling and administrative expenses
    534,677       553,539  
Development costs
    218,699       9,543  
Research and development expenses
    158,107       567,273  
 
           
 
  2,294,798     2,269,521  
 
           
The Company recognized research and development cost amounting to 6,095,858 thousand (2006: 9,228,756 thousand) as an expense in 2007.

 

28


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
12.  
Accrued Severance Benefits
Changes in accrued severance benefits for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Beginning
  124,169     24,457  
Payments of severance benefits
           
Provision for the year
    100,605       99,712  
 
           
 
  224,774     124,169  
 
           
On December 26, 2005, the Company entered into a defined contribution pension plan (the “Plan”) in accordance with Employee Retirement Benefit Security Act and has an agreement for a nonparticipating defined contribution insurance contract with Samsung Life Insurance. As a result, the Company paid the accrued severance benefits recorded as per the existing retirement allowance regulation as contributions in a lump sum and expenses the defined contributions based on the Plan from December 2005 and recorded them as retirement benefits.
For the employees and directors who are not covered by defined contribution pension plan, but are entitled to receive a lump-sum payment upon termination of their employment based on their length of service and rate of pay at the time of termination, the amount payable to them as of the balance sheet date is recorded as accrued severance benefits.
13.  
Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments
The industry in which the Company operates is subject to a number of industry-specific risk factors, including, but not limited to, rapidly changing technologies; significant numbers of new entrants; dependence on key individuals; competition from similar products from larger companies; customer preferences; the need for the continued successful development, marketing, and selling of its products and services; and the need for positive cash flows from operations. The Company depends on one key product and has a limited operating history and as a result, the Company is subject to risks associated with early stage companies in new and rapidly evolving markets. Of the gross revenue in 2007, the Company generated 52% (2006: 44%) from GungHo Online Entertainment, Inc., a Japanese licensee, 7% (2006: 12%) from Soft-World International Corporation, a Taiwanese licensee, and 3% (2006: 7%) from Asiasoft International Co., Ltd., a Thai licensee.

 

29


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
The Company has exclusive contracts with its licensees to distribute and sell online games and earns 15% to 40% of sales from the online games. Revenue for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, from the licensees are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                     
        Revenue1  
Country   Licensee   2007     2006  
 
                   
Japan
  GungHo Online Entertainment, Inc.2   17,366,632     15,410,880  
Taiwan and Hong Kong
  Soft-World International Corporation     2,368,757       4,087,118  
Thailand
  AsiaSoft International Co., Ltd.     1,001,097       2,541,455  
Philippines
  Level up! Inc.     816,895       1,079,215  
Others
  Shanda/PT. Lyto Datrindo Fortuna and others     4,342,772       3,461,977  
 
               
 
      25,896,153     26,580,645  
 
               
     
1  
These amounts include other revenue, such as character royalty which comes with the above contracts for exclusive rights amounting to 743,349 thousand for 2007 (2006 : 99,014 thousand).
 
2  
Son Asset Management, the principal shareholder of the Company, is a related party of GungHo Online Entertainment. The trade accounts receivable due from GungHo Online Entertainment as of December 31, 2007 amount to 1,508,666 thousand (2006 : 37,838 thousand).
The Company entered into an agreement to invest the committed amount of ¥1,000,000,000 in “Online Game Revolution Fund No.1” in 2005. The Company invested ¥250,000,000 until 2006, and made an additional investment amounting to ¥420,000,000 on February 1, 2008.
Litigation
As of December 31, 2006, the Company and all the officers were defendants in class-action complaints related to violation of certain provision of the Federal Securities Laws in the United States District Court in the Southern District of New York. However, the Company paid 4,619,000 thousand to settle this case in 2007. The Company recognized this cost as a non-operating expense.
As of December 31, 2007, the Company is a defendant in two lawsuits claiming for damages. The aggregated claims amount to approximately 1,344 million. The outcome of these lawsuits cannot yet be determined and the ultimate financial impact cannot be estimated as of the audit report date.

 

30


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
14.  
Receipts from Former Chairman Representing Embezzled Funds
On January 23, 2006, the Company filed a suit against its former chairman and major shareholder, Mr. Jung Ryool Kim, for alleged malpractices and embezzlement. The Company and Mr. Jung Ryool Kim settled the suit and as a result, Mr. Kim paid 4,947,492 thousand which the Company recorded as non-operating income in 2006.
15.  
Income Taxes
Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 consists of the following:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Current income tax
  2,855,226     3,375,928  
Changes in deferred tax assets from temporary differences1
          470,858  
Changes in deferred tax assets from tax credits2
          7,361,069  
Income taxes reflected in the shareholders’ equity3
          (18,352 )
 
           
Income tax expense
  2,855,226     11,189,503  
 
           
     
1  
Effect of temporary difference in income taxes
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Deferred tax assets from temporary differences at
               
End of year
       
Beginning of year
          470,858  
 
           
Changes
      470,858  
 
           
     
2  
Effect of tax credit in income taxes
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Deferred tax assets from tax credit at
               
End of year
       
Beginning of year
          7,361,069  
 
           
Changes
      7,361,069  
 
           
     
3  
The Company reflected the effect of deferred tax related to accounts directly added to shareholders’ equity in those accounts. There has been no tax effect to be directly reflected to the shareholders’ equity due to low realizability of deferred tax assets during 2007.

 

31


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
Reconciliation between loss for tax purposes and loss before income tax for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Loss before income taxes
  (24,703,747 )   (7,188,642 )
 
           
Non-temporary differences
               
Meals and entertainment
    179,737       222,085  
Imputed interest
    8,827        
Compensation expenses associated with stock options
    177,930       383,665  
Negative capital adjustment from equity method investments
    324,496       (125,605 )
Long-term loans receivable
    2,175,000        
Others
    364,928       15,655  
 
           
 
    3,230,918       495,800  
 
           
Temporary differences
               
Available-for-sale securities
    10,075,687        
Property and equipment
    (76,079 )     1,828,802  
Intangible assets
    (852,766 )     2,023,506  
Equity method investments
    1,390,880       3,416,414  
Accrued severance benefits
    77,256       30,669  
Accrued expenses
    (256,852 )     (1,567,071 )
Long-term loans receivable
    (1,990,000 )     1,138,429  
Invested assets
    (776,700 )      
Others
    55,313       (668,198 )
 
           
 
    7,646,739       6,202,551  
 
           
Loss for tax purposes
  (13,826,090 )   (490,291 )
 
           

 

32


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
Details of temporary differences and changes in deferred tax assets for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                         
                    2007              
    Beginning     Change     Ending     Current     Noncurrent  
 
                                       
Accrued income
  (466,688 )   262,511     (204,177 )   (204,177 )    
Property and equipment
    813,127       (76,079 )     737,048       245,683       491,365  
Intangible assets
    3,034,889       (837,765 )     2,197,124             2,197,124  
Equity method investments
    6,193,955       1,390,880       7,584,835             7,584,835  
Investment assets
    776,700       (776,700 )                  
Accrued expenses
    770,000       (256,852 )     513,148       513,148        
Accrued severance benefits
    80,049       77,256       157,305             157,305  
Long-term loans receivable
    1,990,000       (1,990,000 )                  
Available-for-sale securities
          10,075,687       10,075,687             10,075,687  
Others
    431,033       (207,200 )     223,833       99,000       124,833  
 
                             
 
    13,623,065       7,661,738       21,284,803       653,654       20,631,149  
Loss carryforwards
    490,291       13,805,201       14,295,492             14,295,492  
 
                             
 
  14,113,356     21,466,939     35,580,295     653,654     34,926,641  
 
                             
 
                                       
Deferred income tax assets from temporary differences
  3,854,950     5,929,631     9,784,581     179,755     9,604,826  
Deferred income tax assets from tax credit
    12,272,619       3,658,945       15,931,564             15,931,564  
Deduction4
    (16,127,569 )     (9,588,576 )     (25,716,145 )     (179,755 )     (25,536,390 )
 
                             
Deferred income tax assets
                   
 
                             
     
4  
To determine the realizability of deferred income tax assets, all available positive and negative evidences are considered, including the Company’s performance, the market environment in which the Company operates, forecasts of future profitability, the utilization period of past tax credits and tax loss carryforwards, and other factors. Management periodically considers these factors in reaching its conclusion. Due to the uncertainty of future taxable income, the Company did not recognize the deferred income tax assets as of December 31, 2007.

 

33


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
(in thousands of Korean won)
                                         
                    2006              
    Beginning     Change     Ending     Current     Noncurrent  
 
                                       
Accrued income
  (590,427 )   123,739     (466,688 )   (466,688 )    
Property and equipment
    (1,015,675 )     1,828,802       813,127       286,042       527,085  
Intangible assets
    969,134       2,065,755       3,034,889             3,034,889  
Equity method investments
    2,181,739       4,012,216       6,193,955             6,193,955  
Investment assets
    776,700             776,700             776,700  
Accrued expenses
    2,337,071       (1,567,071 )     770,000       770,000        
Accrued severance benefits
          80,049       80,049             80,049  
Long-term loans receivable
    851,571       1,138,429       1,990,000             1,990,000  
Others
    1,030,612       (599,579 )     431,033       364,195       66,838  
 
                             
 
    6,540,725       7,082,340       13,623,065       953,549       12,669,516  
 
                                       
Deferred tax effects reflected in the shareholders’ equity5
    275,959       (275,959 )                      
Loss carryforwards
          490,291       490,291             490,291  
 
                             
 
  6,816,684     7,296,672     14,113,356     953,549     13,159,807  
 
                             
 
                                       
Deferred income tax assets from temporary differences
  1,548,578     2,306,372     3,854,950     236,003     3,618,947  
Deferred income tax assets from tax credit
    7,361,069       4,911,550       12,272,619             12,272,619  
Deduction6
    (1,077,720 )     (15,049,849 )     (16,127,569 )     (236,003 )     (15,891,566 )
 
                             
Deferred income tax assets
  7,831,927     (7,831,927 )            
 
                             
     
5  
Decrease represents value of equity method investments.
 
6  
Due to the uncertainty of the Company’s future taxable income, the Company’s management concluded that the Company will not realize all benefits from the loss carryforwards, tax credits and temporary differences.
Deferred income tax assets as of December 31, 2006, were calculated based on the rate of 24.75% applicable to 2007, and 27.50% for the amounts expected to be realized during the fiscal years 2008 and thereafter since the Company was entitled to a special tax exemption of 10% in corporate income tax rate by virtue of being a small and medium sized company up to 2006. Therefore, the Company applied a standard rate of 27.5% in the calculation of deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2007.
Calculation of the effective tax rate for 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Loss before income tax
  (24,703,747 )   (7,188,642 )
Income tax expenses
    2,855,226       11,189,503  
 
           
Effective tax rate
    (11.56 %)     (155.66 %)
 
           

 

34


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
16.  
Monetary Assets and Liabilities Denominated in Foreign Currencies
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 are summarized as follows:
                                         
            2007     2006  
            Foreign     Korean Won     Foreign     Korean Won  
            currency     (in thousands)     currency     (in thousands)  
 
                                       
Assets
                                       
Cash and cash equivalents
          US$ 3,125,123.35     2,931,991       10,785,410.91     10,026,118  
 
      JPY 170,744,435.00       1,422,864       847,511,298.00       6,626,098  
 
      EUR 18,137.00       25,052       309,984.39       378,875  
 
                                   
 
                    4,379,907               17,031,091  
 
                                   
Trade accounts receivable
          US$ 753,061.05       706,522       219,034.78       203,615  
 
      JPY 169,784,265.70       1,414,863       11,329,865.20       88,580  
 
      EUR 60,009.02       82,888       67,247.22       82,192  
 
      AU$ 99,762.59       82,090       98,306.95       72,204  
 
      BRL 117,533.83       62,374       75,923.10       33,001  
 
      CNY             6,297.98       759  
 
      INR 84,335.00       2,013       297,387,872.00       30,601  
 
      MXN             115,200.00       9,867  
 
      IDR 254,317,504.00       25,406              
 
      RUB 1,301,112.97       49,924              
 
      VND 25,289,602.00       1,482              
 
      PHP 8,097,137.05       184,372       3,373,755.32       63,933  
 
      THB 2,979,778.00       93,356       3,482,056.00       91,578  
 
      TW$ 4,715,532.00       136,137       5,066,032.00       144,230  
 
                                   
 
                    2,841,427               820,560  
 
                                   
Other accounts receivable
          US$ 16,731.88       15,698              
 
      RUB 540,000.00       20,720              
 
                                   
 
                    36,418                
 
                                   
Long-term loans receivable
          US$ 2,000,000.00       1,876,400       1,500,000.00       1,394,400  
 
                                   
 
                  9,134,152             19,246,051  
 
                                   
Liabilities
                                       
Accounts payable
          US$ 1,078,711.20     1,012,047       734,158.89     682,474  
 
      JPY 19,684,731.80       164,039       1,546,573.30       12,092  
 
      SG$ 17,590.83       11,415              
 
      BRL             1,132.95       492  
 
                                   
 
                  1,187,501             695,058  
 
                                   
The Company recognized gain on foreign currency translation of 56,868 thousand in 2007 (2006 : 56,020 thousand) and loss on foreign currency translation of 13,673 thousand in 2007 (2006 : 576,736 thousand) from the above foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities.

 

35


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
17.  
Capital Stock
The Company is authorized to issue a total of 40 million shares with a par value of 500 per share, in registered form, consisting of common shares and non-voting preferred shares. Of those authorized shares, the Company is authorized to issue up to 2 million non-voting preferred shares.
As of December 31, 2007, the Company had a total of 6,948,900 common shares issued and outstanding. All of the issued and outstanding shares are fully paid and are registered. No non-voting preferred shares were issued or outstanding.
Movements in common stock for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won, except number of shares)
                         
    Number of shares             Paid in capital  
    issued and     Common     in excess of  
    outstanding     stock     par value  
 
                       
Balance, January 1, 2006
    6,948,900     3,474,450     73,255,073  
Balance, December 31, 2006
    6,948,900       3,474,450       73,255,073  
 
                 
Balance, December 31, 2007
    6,948,900       3,474,450       73,255,073  
 
                 

 

36


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
18.  
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company may grant options to purchase the Company’s shares to the officers and employees who have contributed or are qualified to contribute to the Company’s founding, management, overseas business and technical innovation. As of December 31, 2007, the details of the Company’s stock options granted to the officers and employees are as follows:
     
Stocks to be issued by stock options
  : Common stock
Grant method
  : New issuance of common stock or treasury stock
Number of common shares to be issued in the exercise1
  : 69,637 shares
Exercise price2
  : 55,431 per share (6,750 shares)
  45,431 per share (62,887 shares)
Grant date
  : December 24, 2004
Authorization by
  : Shareholders
     
1  
During 2007, 30,668 out of 271,000 stock options granted to officers and employees on December 24, 2004 expired and the related amount of 596,508 thousand was reclassified to other capital surplus. In 2007, stock options of 22,365 (until 2006: 148,330) were cancelled due to the retirement of the officers and employees. The number of stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2007 is 69,637.
 
2  
At the date of grant, the original exercise price for officers and employees were 80,000 and 70,000, respectively. In February 2005, in accordance with the terms of the stock options granted, the exercise prices for the outstanding options were adjusted to the IPO price for officers, and to the IPO price less 10,000 for employees.
Stock options can be exercised two years after the date of the stock option grant. The exercisable periods are as follows:
     
Exercisable period   Exercisable stock options
     
December 24, 2007 ~ December 23, 2008   33% (23,212 shares)
December 24, 2008 ~ December 23, 2009   33% (23,212 shares)
December 24, 2009 ~ December 23, 2010   34% (23,213 shares)
     
Total   100% (69,637 shares)
     

 

37


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
Compensation costs recognized for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, and future compensation costs to be recognized related to the above stock options are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won, except exercise price)
                         
    Officer     Employee     Total  
 
                       
Excercise price per share
  55,431     45,431          
 
                   
Compensation costs recognized until 2006
  128,256     1,887,926     2,016,182  
Compensation costs recognized in 2007
    46,074       131,856       177,930  
Accumulated compensation costs recognized until 2007
    174,330       2,019,782       2,194,112  
Future compensation costs
    42,413       432,314       474,727  
 
                 
Total compensation costs
  216,743     2,452,096     2,668,839  
 
                 
The fair value of the options was estimated by using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Assumptions used to determine compensation costs under the fair value method are as follows:
                                 
Expected exercise period (in years)
    2.5       3.5       4.5       5.5  
Risk-free interest rate
    3.43 %     3.43 %     3.66 %     3.66 %
Volatility of the underlying stock price
    40.3 %     53.1 %     59.1 %     57.7 %
Expected dividend rate 1
    0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %     0.0 %
     
1  
0% was assumed due to uncertainty of the dividend plan.
As permitted by the Korean Accounting Standards, the Interpretation No. 39-35, Accounting for Stock Compensation, the Company recalculated the compensation costs with the amended assumption, risk-free rate and volatility of the underlying stock price based on the NASDAQ initial public offering in the United States.

 

38


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
19.  
Selling and Administrative Expenses
Selling and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Advertising expenses
  6,123,787     3,372,593  
Research and development expenses
    6,095,858       9,228,756  
Salaries
    6,088,721       6,948,970  
Commissions
    4,029,913       4,985,288  
Rent
    2,239,653       2,157,061  
Employee benefits
    1,326,852       1,155,933  
Depreciation
    1,045,753       829,694  
Provision for severance benefits
    565,813       586,103  
Amortization
    534,677       553,539  
Transportation expenses
    522,199       637,959  
Taxes and dues
    445,017       960,268  
Insurance premium
    274,412       275,389  
Stock-based compensation expense
    84,129       131,749  
Freights
    9,345       11,650  
Miscellaneous
    574,264       787,678  
 
           
 
  29,960,393     32,622,630  
 
           
20.  
Value Added Information
Details of accounts included in the computation of value added for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Salaries
  17,944,239     17,091,575  
Provision for severance benefits
    1,521,521       1,415,990  
Employee benefits
    2,231,497       1,644,343  
Rent
    3,451,527       3,133,545  
Depreciation
    2,748,637       3,093,007  
Amortization
    2,294,798       2,269,521  
Taxes and dues
    936,219       1,352,632  
 
           
 
  31,128,438     30,000,613  
 
           

 

39


 

21.  
Comprehensive Income
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Net loss
  (27,558,973 )   (18,378,145 )
Other comprehensive income and expense
               
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities
          (1,120 )
Net accumulated comprehensive income of equity method investees
    198,212       7,761  
Net accumulated comprehensive expense of equity method investees
    126,283       (133,365 )
 
           
Comprehensive loss
  (27,234,478 )   (18,504,869 )
 
           
22.  
Loss per Share
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss allocated to common stock by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss allocated to common stock, which is net of income taxes, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year.
Weighted Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding
The weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 are calculated as follows:
                                         
                    Number of     Weighted average  
    Number             Days     number of shares  
Common stock   of Shares     Period     outstanding     2007     2006  
 
                                       
During 2006
    6,948,900       2006. 1. 1~                          
 
            2006.12.31       365             2,536,348,500  
During 2007
    6,948,900       2007. 1. 1~                          
 
            2007.12.31       365       2,536,348,500        
 
                                   
 
                            2,536,348,500       2,536,348,500  
 
                                   
                     
Weighted average number
  :   2007 :   2,536,348,500 ÷   365 =   6,948,900 shares
of common shares outstanding
    2006 :   2,536,348,500 ÷   365 =   6,948,900 shares

 

40


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
Basic Loss per share
Basic loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 are calculated as follows:
(in Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Net loss
  (27,558,972,885 )   (18,378,144,343 )
Weighted average number of shares issued and outstanding
    6,948,900       6,948,900  
 
           
Basic loss per share
  (3,966 )   (2,645 )
 
           
23.  
Supplemental Non-cash Transactions
Significant transactions not affecting cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Write-off of long-term loans receivable
  2,157,226      
Reclassification of stock options to other capital surplus
    596,508        
Reclassification of land and buildings to investment assets
          50,000  
Increase in asset retirement obligation
    99,000        
Reclassification of advanced payments to available-for-sale securities
          896,000  
Reclassification of advanced payments to software
    359,291        
Reclassification of advanced payments to other intangible assets
    27,244       91,523  

 

41


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
24.  
Related Party Transactions
Details of the parents and subsidiaries are as follows :
     
 
  Entity
Parent company   Son Asset management, LLC
     
Subsidiaries   Gravity Interactive, Inc.
    Gravity CIS Co., Ltd.1
    Gravity EU SASU
    Gravity Middle East & Africa FZ-LLC2
    Gravity RUS Co., Ltd.3
    NeoCyon, Inc.
    L5 Games Inc.4
     
1  
Gravity CIS Co., Ltd. became a subsidiary of Gravity RUS Co., Ltd. after controlling interest in Gravity CIS Co., Ltd. was transferred from the Company to Gravity RUS Co., Ltd. in December 2007.
 
2  
Gravity Middle East & Africa FZ-LLC was founded during 2007 and became a related party of the Company.
 
3  
Gravity RUS Co., Ltd. was founded in 2007 and became a related party of the Company.
 
4  
L5 Games Inc. was founded by Gravity Interactive, Inc. in 2007 and became a related party of the Company.
Significant transactions, which occurred in the ordinary course of business with related companies for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related account balances outstanding as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                 
    Sales     Purchase  
    2007     2006     2007     2006  
 
                               
Gravity Interactive, Inc.
  342,211     405,997          
Gravity Entertainment Corp.
    1,825                    
Gravity CIS Co., Ltd.
    376,549       61,887              
Gravity EU SASU
    93,234                    
Gravity RUS Co., Ltd.
    20,720                    
TriggerSoft Corp.
    144,382       245,874       172,026       298,004  
NeoCyon, Inc.
    878,324       47,038       742,961       12,592  
 
                       
Total
  1,857,245     760,796     914,987     310,596  
 
                       

 

42


 

GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
Notes to Non-Consolidated Financial Statements
Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                 
    Receivables     Payables  
    2007     2006     2007     2006  
 
                               
Gravity Interactive, Inc.
  28,614     23,730         1,979  
Gravity Entertainment Corp.
                506,535       501,977  
Gravity CIS Co., Ltd.
    2,081,448       1,415,489       194,015       208,045  
Gravity EU SASU
    48,620             54,974       30,930  
Gravity Middle East & Africa FZ-LLC
                20,012        
Gravity RUS Co., Ltd.
    20,720                    
TriggerSoft Corp.
          2,135,595             110,083  
NeoCyon, Inc.
    209,929       57,038       451,473        
 
                       
Total
  2,389,331     3,631,852     1,227,009     853,014  
 
                       
Loans granted by the Company to the related parties for the year ended December 31, 2007 are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                                                 
                                    Allowance     Bad debt  
    Beginning     Increase     Decrease     Ending     for bad debt     expense  
 
                                               
Gravity CIS Co., Ltd.1
  1,394,400     482,000         1,876,400     (714,969 )   199,161  
TriggerSoft Corp.2
    1,990,000       185,000       2,175,000                   185,000  
 
                                   
Total
  3,384,400     667,000     2,175,000     1,876,400     (714,969 )   384,161  
 
                                   
     
1  
The Company recognized bad debt expenses as loss from equity method investments.
 
2  
The Company has recognized bad debt expenses as other bad debt expense. During 2007, the Company wrote off the long-term loans receivable amounting to 2,157,226 thousand upon liquidation of TriggerSoft Corp., except for 17,774 thousand which was offset against the accounts payable due to TriggerSoft Corp.
Details of the compensation for key management for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
(in thousands of Korean Won)
                 
    2007     2006  
 
               
Salaries
  466,981     546,489  
Severance benefits
    100,605       99,712  
For the year ended December 31, 2007, the limit of key management compensation is 1,400,000 thousand.

 

43


 

Report of Independent Accountants’
Review of Internal Accounting Control System
To the President of
GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
We have reviewed the accompanying management’s report on the operations of the Internal Accounting Control System (“IACS”) of GRAVITY Co., Ltd. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2007. The Company’s management is responsible for designing and operating IACS and for its assessment of the effectiveness of IACS. Our responsibility is to review the management’s report on the operations of the IACS and issue a report based on our review. The management’s report on the operations of the IACS of the Company states that “We have determined that the Company’s IACS has not been effectively designed and is not operating as of December 31, 2007, in all material respects, in accordance with the IACS standards”.
Our review was conducted in accordance with the IACS review standards established by the Korean Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Those standards require that we plan and perform, in all material respects, the review of management’s report on the operations of the IACS to obtain a lower level of assurance than an audit. The purpose of this review is to obtain an understanding of a company’s IACS and consists principally of inquiries of management and, when deemed necessary, a limited inspection of underlying documents, which is substantially less in scope than an audit.
A company’s IACS is a system to monitor and operate those policies and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the Republic of Korea. Because of its inherent limitations, IACS may not prevent or detect a material misstatement of the financial statements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
A material weakness is a control deficiency, or a combination of control deficiencies, that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the financial statements will not be prevented or detected. The following material weakness has been included in the management’s report referred to above.
(1) The lack of monitoring control in the outsourced IT functions.
Based on our review on the management’s report on the operations of the IACS, no other material weakness has come to our attention other than the material weakness described in the preceding paragraph and the management’s report referred to above.

 

44


 

Our review is based on the Company’s IACS as of December 31, 2007, and we did not review management’s assessment of its IACS subsequent to December 31, 2007. This report has been prepared pursuant to the Acts on External Audit for Stock Companies in Korea and may not be appropriate for other purposes or for other users.
Samil PricewaterhouseCoopers
March 12, 2008
Notice to Readers
This report is annexed in relation to the audit of the financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2007, and the review of internal accounting control system pursuant to Article 2-3 of the Act on External Audit for Stock Companies of the Republic of Korea.

 

45


 

Internal Accounting Control Officer’s
Report on the Operations of the Internal Accounting Control System
To the Board of Directors and Audit Committee of GRAVITY Co., Ltd.
The Internal Accounting Control Officer (“IACO”) of GRAVITY Co., Ltd. (the “Company”), assessed the status of the design and operations of the Company’s internal accounting control system (“IACS”) for the year ended December 31, 2007.
The Company’s management, including the IACO, is responsible for the IACS design and operations. The IACO applied the IACS standards and assessed whether the IACS has been effectively designed and is operating to: (i) prevent and detect any error or fraud which may cause any misstatement of the financial statements, and (ii) improve the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes.
We have determined that the Company’s IACS has not been effectively designed and is not operating as of December 31, 2007, in all material respects, in accordance with the IACS standards, due to the lack of monitoring control in the outsourced IT functions. The Company is planning to implement and operate stronger monitoring controls in 2008 to remediate this material weakness.
March 11, 2008
     
 
  Jonathan J. Lee, Internal Accounting Control Officer
 
   
 
  Il Young Ryu, Chief Executive Officer

 

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