<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0306</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2012-08-08</periodOfReport>

    <notSubjectToSection16>0</notSubjectToSection16>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0001476765</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>Golub Capital BDC, Inc.</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>GBDC</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001311018</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>Golub Lawrence E</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>555 MADISON AVENUE, 30TH FLOOR</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2></rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>NEW YORK</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>NY</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>10022</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>1</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>1</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>1</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
            <officerTitle>Chairman</officerTitle>
            <otherText></otherText>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2012-08-08</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <deemedExecutionDate></deemedExecutionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>S</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness></transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>66524</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>15.28</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>2592410</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>By Golub Capital Company V LLC</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2012-08-08</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <deemedExecutionDate></deemedExecutionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>S</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness></transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>44863</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>15.28</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>1297227</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>By Golub Capital Company VI LLC</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F3"/>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>13930</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>By GC Advisors LLC</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F4"/>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>1794</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>By GC Investment Management LLC</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F5"/>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>159614</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>By 555 Madison Investors II, LLC</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F6"/>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>1981791</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>By Golub Capital Company IV, LLC</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F7"/>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>1752048</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>By GEMS Fund, L.P.</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F8"/>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">Mr. Golub is a control person of Golub Capital LLC, the investment advisor of Golub Capital Company V LLC. Due to his control of and ownership interest in Golub Capital Company V LLC, which directly owns 2,592,410 shares of Common Stock of the Issuer, Mr. Golub may be viewed as having investment power over all of the shares owned by such entity although voting rights to the Common Stock have been passed through to the members of Golub Capital Company V LLC. Mr. Golub disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">On August 8, 2012, Golub Capital Company V LLC and Golub Capital Company VI LLC sold in a block trade to two funds, for which an entity controlled by Mr. Golub serves as a non-discretionary subadviser, 66,524 and 44,863 shares of Common Stock, respectively, at a price of $15.28 per share. Golub Capital Company V LLC and Golub Capital Company VI LLC each sold a portion of their shares in order to diversify their investments and will reinvest the proceeds in middle market debt and equity investments. After the sale, Golub Capital Company V LLC and Golub Capital Company VI LLC still directly hold 2,592,410 and 1,297,227 shares of Common Stock, respectively.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F3">Mr. Golub is a control person of Golub Capital LLC, the investment advisor of Golub Capital Company VI LLC. Due to his control of and ownership interest in Golub Capital Company VI LLC, which directly owns 1,297,227 shares of Common Stock of the Issuer, Mr. Golub may be viewed as having investment power over all of the shares owned by such entity although voting rights to the Common Stock have been passed through to the members of Golub Capital Company VI LLC. Mr. Golub disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F4">Due to his control of and ownership interest in GC Advisors LLC, Mr. Golub may be viewed as having investment power over all of the shares owned by such entity. These shares will be held for the benefit of employees of GC Advisors LLC and vest subject to certain adjustments as specified by the terms of the compensation arrangements, Mr. Golub disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock held by GC Advisors LLC except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F5">Due to his control of and ownership interest in GC Investment Management LLC, Mr. Golub may be viewed as having investment power over all of the shares owned by such entity. These shares will be held for the benefit of employees of GC Investment Management LLC and vest subject to certain adjustments as specified by the terms of the compensation arrangements, Mr. Golub disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock held by GC Investment Management LLC except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F6">The shares reported herein are directly beneficially owned by 555 Madison Investors II, LLC and held for the benefit of Mr. Golub.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F7">Mr. Golub is a control person of Golub Capital LLC, the investment advisor of Golub Capital Company IV, LLC. Due to his control of and ownership interest in Golub Capital Company IV, LLC, which directly owns 1,981,791 shares of Common Stock of the Issuer, Mr. Golub may be viewed as having investment power over all of the shares owned by such entity although voting rights to the Common Stock have been passed through to the members of Golub Capital Company IV, LLC. Mr. Golub disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F8">Mr. Golub is a control person of GC Advisors LLC, the investment advisor of GEMS Fund, L.P. Due to his control of and ownership interest in GEMS Fund, L.P., which directly owns 1,752,048 shares of Common Stock of the Issuer, Mr. Golub may be viewed as having investment power over all of the shares owned by such entity although voting rights to the Common Stock have been passed through to the limited partners of GEMS Fund, L.P. Mr. Golub disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Lawrence E. Golub</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2012-08-10</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
